[Senate Document 105-27]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

105th Congress, 2d Session . . . . . . . . . . . Senate Document 105-27

NATIONAL DEBATE TOPIC FOR HIGH SCHOOLS, 1998-99

_______________________________________________________________________

Resolved that the United States Should
Substantially Change
Its Foreign Policy Toward Russia

_______________________________________________________________________

NATIONAL DEBATE TOPIC FOR HIGH SCHOOLS, 1998-99
Pursuant to 44 United States Code, Section 1333

Compiled by the Congressional Research Service
Library of Congress

U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington DC 1998

44 U.S. CODE SECTION 1333

(a) The Librarian of Congress shall prepare compilations of
pertinent excerpts, bibliographical references, and other appropriate
materials relating to:
(1) the subject selected annually by the National University
Extension Association as the national high school debate topic and
(2) the subject selected annually by the American Speech
Association as the national college debate topic.

In preparing the compilations the Librarian shall include
materials which in his judgment are representative of, and give equal
emphasis to, the opposing points of view on the respective topics.
(b) The compilations on the high school debate topics shall be
printed as Senate documents and the compilations on the college debate
topics shall be printed as House of Representative documents, the cost
of which shall be charged to the congressional allotment for printing
and binding. Additional copies of such documents may be printed in
the quantities and distributed in the manner as the Joint Committee on
Printing directs.

(Pub. L. 90-620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1270.)

CONTENTS

FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
FOREIGN RELATIONS ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
MILITARY POLICY ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ECONOMIC ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
AVAILABLE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS ON THE 1998-1999
HIGH SCHOOLD DEBATE TOPIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Foreword

The 1998-1999 high school debate topic is "Resolved that the
United States should substantially change its foreign policy toward
Russia."

In complilance with 44 U.S. Code, section 1333, the Congressional
Research Service of the Library of Congress prepared this bibliography
to assist high school debaters in researching the topic. This
bibliography is intended to assist debaters in the identification of
further references and resources on the topic. In selecting items for
this manual, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) has sampled a
wide spectrum of opinions reflected in the current literature on this
issue. No preference for any policy is indicated by the selection or
positioning of articles cited, nor is CRS disapproval of any policy or
article to be inferred from its omission.

Some of the U.S. government documents listed in this bibliography
may be found in U.S. government depository libraries, which can be
identified by local public or college libraries. The Library of
Congress cannot distribute copies of these or other materials to
debaters. This manual is also available on the GPO Access Home Page
on the World Wide Web (http://access.gpo.gov)

The bibliography was prepared by Sherry B. Shapiro, Information
Resources Specialist, Foreign Affairs and National Defense, Library
Services Division, CRS. Production was made possible by C. Lee
Burwasser, Library Services Division. Thanks are extended to James P.
Nichol, Analyst in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs and National
Defense Division, and Marsha Cerny, Asssistant Head, Subject
Specialization Section, Library Services Division for their review of
this product.

Good luck to each debater in researching, preparing and
presenting arguments on this year's topic.

Daniel P. Mulhollan, Director
Congressional Research Service

Resolved that the United States Should
Substantially Change
Its Foreign Policy Toward Russia

An Annotated Bibliography on the
1998-1999 High School Debate Topic

Sherry B. Shapiro
Senior Bibliographer
Library Services Division

with the assistance of
Lee Burwasser, Bibliographic Assistant

October 1998

GENERAL INFORMATION

The Access guide to ethnic conflicts in Europe and the former Soviet
Union. Edited by Bruce Seymore II. Washington, Access, 1994.
171 p.

After the Soviet Union. Washington, United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees, 1994. 30 p.
Contents.--Population displacement in the former Soviet Union.--
Chilly reception for refugees in Russia.--Hostages of the empire.--
Bitter legacy of banishment.--Tip of the iceberg.--Conflict in the
Caucasus.

Albini, Joseph L. Anderson, Julie.
Whatever happened to the KGB? International journal of
intelligence and counterintelligence, v. 11, spring 1998: 26-56.
"Contrary to Russia's claim that following the August 1991 coup
attempt to reinstall hard-liners the KGB was dismantled and
`disappeared into thin air,' the notorious secret police and
intelligence service continues to exist. Any alterations in KGB
techniques and methods have been merely cosmetic."

Alexander, James.
Uncertain conditions in the Russian transition: the popular drive
towards stability in a `stateless' environment. Europe-Asia
studies, v. 50, May 1998: 415-443.
"This article examines what the collapse of the Soviet state
has meant to the Russian people, more specifically, the residents
of two provincial Russian cities, Syktyvkar and Kirov."

Aris, Ben.
Russia's youth culture. Russia review, v. 5, June 5, 1998: 22-23.
"After growing up surrounded by a Western-style consumerism
which their parents' generation never encountered, Russian youth
look and behave more like their foreign contemporaries than
perhaps any other population group."

Argenbright, Robert.
The Soviet agitational vehicle: state power on the social frontier.
Political geography, v. 17, Mar. 1998: 253-272.
Examines the historical spread of communism after the Bolshevik
revolution in Russia.

The Baltic states after communism. International politics, v. 33,
Mar. 1996: 27-43.
Contents.--When nations challenge and nations rule: Estonia and
Latvia as ethnic democracies, by Graham Smith.--Citizenship and
ethno-politics in Lithuania, by Vesna Popovski.--The nature of
authoritarianism in interwar Estonia, by Andres Kasekamp.--The
origin of the national movements in Russia's Baltic provinces in
the latter half of the nineteenth century, by James D. White.--
The Baltic states in transition, by Tauno Tiusanen.--The
globalisation of the Latvian economy since 1991, by Nick Dale.

Batalden, Stephen K. Batalden, Sandra L.
The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former
Soviet republics. 2nd ed. Phoenix, Ariz., Oryx, 1997. 233 p.

Beyond the monolith: the emergence of regionalism in post-Soviet
Russia. Edited by Peter J. Stavrakis, Joan DeBardeleben, and Larry
Black. Washington, W. Wilson Center Press; Baltimore, Johns Hopkins
University Press, 997. 259 p.
"Published in cooperation with the Institute of Central/East
European and Russian-Area Studies, Carlton University, Ottawa."

Beyond Soviet studies. Edited by Daniel Orlovsky. [Washington] The
Woodrow Wilson Center Press; [Baltimore, Md.] Distributed by John
Hopkins University Press, 1995. 349 p. (Woodrow Wilson Center
special studies)

Beyond the Soviet Union: the fragmentation of power. Edited by Max
Beloff. Aldershot, England; Brookfield, Vt., Ashgate, 1997.
285 p.

Boeck, Brian J.
Probing parity between history and oral tradition: putting Shora
Nogmov's History of the Adygei people in its place. Central Asian
survey, v. 17, June 1998: 319-336.
Examines the role of non-Slavic people in Russian history.

Brawer, Moshe.
Atlas of Russia and the independent republics. New York, Simon &
Schuster, 1994. 1 atlas (144 p.)
Includes information on the history, natural features,
population, and communications network of the former Soviet Union.

The breakup of the Soviet Union: opposing viewpoints. Edited by
William Barbour and Carol Wekesser. San Diego, Greenhaven Press,
c1994. 264 p. (Opposing viewpoints series)
A collection of articles debating issues related to the
collapse of the former Soviet Union, the future of the region, and
America's foreign policy there.

Brown, Sarah.
Modern tales of the Russian army. World policy journal, v. 14,
spring 1997: 61-70.
"It is no secret that Russia's army is undergoing a difficult
period of transition. Even before the war in Chechnya began in
December 1994, the military budget had been drastically reduced,
soldiers' wages had dried up, military bases were in disrepair,
and enlisted men across Russia were living in substandard
conditions."

Brubaker, Rogers.
Nationalism reframed: nationhood and the national question in the
New Europe. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
202 p.

The Cambridge encyclopedia of Russia and the former Soviet Union.
Edited by Archie Brown, Michael Kaser and Gerald S. Smith. 2nd ed.
Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York : Cambridge University Press,
1994. 604 p. DK14.C35 1994
First published under title: The Cambridge encyclopedia of
Russia and the Soviet Union.

Chufrin, Gennady I. Saunders, Harold H.
The politics of conflict prevention in Russia and the near abroad.
Washington quarterly, v. 20, autumn 1997: 35-54.
"Nowhere is the politics of the unfolding Russian-U.S.
relationship more clearly and broadly revealed than in the `near
abroad,' those states of the former Soviet Union beyond Russia's
borders, excluding the Baltics. Nowhere else can one see more
sharply what each side really wants and fears in Russian-U.S.
interaction on the world stage. Although unfamiliar to most
Americans and an area where most Russians are unaccustomed to U.S.
intervention, the Near Abroad is the one region where the two
powers are beginning to define the key elements of a sound working
relationship."

Cohen, Ariel.
Russia's assault on religious freedom. Washington, Heritage
Foundation, 1997. 7 p. (Backgrounder no. 1137)
"Religious freedom in Russia once again is in danger. On
September 4, 1997, President Boris Yeltsin signed and sent to
legislators in the Duma a draft bill `On Freedom of Conscience and
on Religious Organizations' which, if passed, will redefine church-
state relations in Russia. The draft incorporates Yeltsin's minor
changes in a bill that he had vetoed after it was passed by the
parliament this summer. In every essential respect, however, this
`compromise' represents only cosmetic changes in the original
harmful bill. If passed, this legislation will turn back the
clock on religious freedom in Russia."

The Collapse of the Soviet empire: managing the regional fall-out.
Edited by Trevor Taylor. London, Royal Institute of International
Affairs: International Institute for Global Peace, 1992. 189 p.
(Security challenges for Japan and Europe in a post-cold war world;
v. 1)
Contents.--State and nation in the former Soviet Union, by
Neil Malcolm--The social and ideological consequences of the
collapse of communism and the Soviet Union, by Peter Ferdinand--
Economic implications of change in the former Soviet Union, by
Reizo Utagawa -- Economic and technical assistance to the former
Soviet Union, by Margot Light--Japanese-Russian relations: issues
and future perspectives, by Hiroshi Kimura--The impact of changes
in the former Soviet Union on the communist states of Asia, by
Yoshiaki Nakagawa--The impact of changes in the former Soviet Union
on Eastern Europe, by Yves Boyer--The security implications of
changes in the former Soviet Union for Western Europe, by Trevor
Taylor--The security implications of changes in the former Soviet
Union for Asia and Japan, by Satoshi Morimoto--Disarmament and arms
control in the post-cold war world, by Ryukichi Imai--European
perceptions of the new security situation, by Laurence Martin--
Japanese perceptions of the new security situation, by Seizaburo
Sato.

Dobbs, Michael.
Down with Big Brother: the fall of the Soviet Empire. New York,
Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. 502 p.
Details events leading up to the fall of the Soviet Union.

Does Russian democracy have a future? Edited by Stephen J. Blank and
Earl H. Tilford, Jr. [Carlisle Barracks, Pa.], Strategic Studies
Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1994. 162 p.
Contents.--The impact of the parliamentary elections on
Russian democracy, by Stephen J. Blank--The Russian elections and
the future of military-to-military contacts: the spector of
Zhirinovsky, by Jacob W. Kipp--The impact of the Russian
elections on civil-military relations, by Thomas M. Nichols--
Russia's crisis of evolving statehood: the impact of the new
constitution and of the parliamentary elections, by Jessica Eve
Stern--The United States and a resurgent Russia: a new Cold War or a
balance of power recast? by Ilya Prizel.

Five years after the collapse of the USSR. Post-Soviet affairs, v. 13,
Jan.-Mar. 1997: 1-18.
"Based on presentations at a panel discussion held at the
annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement
of Slavic Studies, Boston, MA, November 16, 1996."

Freedman, Robert O.
Russia and Iran: a tactical alliance. SAIS review, v. 17,
summer-fall 1997: 93-109.
"Russia and Iran have formed a relationship based on mutual
advantage. Iran serves Moscow as a tactical ally, and Russia
provides Iran with arms and diplomatic respect. While their
alliance has developed smoothly to date, a number of potential
obstacles loom ahead."

Garnett, Sherman.
Russia's illusory ambitions. Foreign affairs, v. 76, Mar.-Apr.
1997: 61-76.
"While Russia is wedged between its visions of grandeur and its
reduced capabilities, the consolidation of Ukraine and Uzbekistan,
the rise of China, and the assertion of the newly independent
rimland states are transforming Eurasia. Russia must come to
terms with its neighbors' ascendancy and its own economic and
military decline. Acting otherwise could plunge Eurasia into
turmoil and usher in a new era of tension between Russia and the
United States."

Goetz, Roland.
Russian security policy options and their price. Aussenpolitik,
v. 47, 1996: 254-261.
"This article highlights the relationship between Russia's
foreign policy orientation and ecomonic development."

Haslam, Jonathan.
Russia's seat at the table: a place denied or a place delayed?
International affairs, v. 74, Jan. 1998: 119-130.
"The simultaneous expansion of NATO and enlargement of the EU
raise questions as to the proper place for Russia in Europe."

Hupchick, Dennis P.
Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europe. 1st. ed. New York, St.
Martin's Press, 1995. 322 p.

Jordan, Pamela.
The Russian Advokatura (bar) and the state of the 1990s. Europe-
Asia studies, v. 50, July 1998: 765-791.
"Beginning in the late 1980s Gorbachev-era reforms, advocates
encountered opportunities for gaining significantly more control
over their professional programmes. This article will examine
whether, since the late 1980s, advocates have in fact benefited
from those opportunities by becoming relatively autonomous from
state officials, or whether their relations are still strongly
influenced by Soviet-era legacies."

Juviler, Peter H.
Freedom's ordeal: the struggle for human rights and democracy in
post-Soviet states. Philadelphia, PENN, University of Pennsylvania
Press, 1998. 283 p. (Pennsylvania studies in human rights)

Kaminski, Matthew. Palchikoff, Kim.
The crisis to come. Newsweek, v. 129, Apr. 14, 1997: 44-46.
This article says "health officials in the former USSR face an
AIDS epidemic they can't begin to handle. By 2000, 800,000 people
may be infected in Russia."

Kovalsky, Nicolai A.
Russia and Mediterranean security. Mediterranean quarterly, v. 8,
spring 1997: 102-118.
"The global security of Russia is linked with the security of
the adjacent regions of Europe and Asia, but the Mediterranean and
the Black Sea space plays a special role. It is a part of the
so-called arc of vulnerability, which stretches from Gibraltar
through the Black Sea and Middle East and up to India and China.
Stormy events and conflicts in this area have posed dangerous
challenges for both European and Russian security."

Kramer, Mark.
Down on the Soviet farm: collectivization and its discontents.
Technology review, v. 99, Apr. 1996: 43-53.
"Reformers in the former Soviet Union thought privatization was
key to boosting the nation's flagging agricultural productivity.
But as the story of an ambitious young entrepreneur shows, unless
one is exceptionally nimble, the person who tries to break with the
established system is likely to be broken by it."

Laird, Roy D.
Kolkhozy, the Russian Achilles heel: failed agrarian reform.
Europe-Asia Studies, v. 49, May 1997: 469-478.
Reviews the continuing legacy of Soviet agricultural policy on
current Russian agricultural conditions.

Lapidus, Gail W.
Contested sovereignty: the tragedy of Chechnya. International
security, v. 23, summer 1998: 5-49.
"The first section of this article examines the underlying
causes and more immediate catalysts of the conflict over Chechnya,
arguing that both the historical legacy of Chechen-Russian
relations and the political fluidity associated with the
dissolution of the USSR made this relationship an exceptionally
contentious one. The second section traces the major stages and
turning points in the evolution of the conflict, focusing
particular attention on the role of intra-elite competition in
Moscow as well as Grozny. The third section examines the failure
of the two parties directly involved and of Western governments and
international organizations to utilize a variety of available
instruments to prevent the resort to military force or to deter its
escalation, and offers an explanation of that failure."

Lehman, Susan Goodrich.
Islam and ethnicity in the Republics of Russia. Post Soviet
affairs, v. 13, Jan.-Mar. 1997: 78-103.
"Results of survey research conducted in 1993 among Muslims in
the five Islamic Autonomous Republics of Russia. The data
demonstrate that the strength of Islam as both a religious and
social institution varied regionally despite the shared experience
of Soviet anti-religious policies."

Lubin, Nancy. Ware, Monica.
Aid to the former Soviet Union: when less is more. Surviving
together, v. 14, spring 1996: 5-7.
"Participants with strong partnerships and expertise in the NIS
often have limited expertise in tapping into US government
assistance funds. Likewise, despite inevitable problems in the way
US programs are designed and implemented, there are few
constructive feedback mechanisms to raise these problems within the
assistance community and encourage change. The new umbrellas
should be equipped to act as clearinghouses--informing small
partnerships of opportunities, and where relevant, providing
constructive feedback to the government on how assistance monies
are spent."

Mandelbaum, Michael.
Westernizing Russia and China. Foreign affairs, v. 76, May-June
1997: 80-95.
"In one sense Russia and China pose the same problems. An
international order of trade and cooperation has been established,
and the two countries are in the process of joining. But their
central governments are weak--Russia's military is quasi-
independent of Moscow, China's factories do not heed Beijing.
Humiliation over national decline prompts symbolic defiance of the
United States. Ukraine and Taiwan remain dangerous flash points
that call for tacit deterrence. Like adolescents, Russia and
China are in a transitional stage requiring patience and guidance
rather than confrontation."

Melvin, Neil J.
The consolidation of a new regional elite: the case of Omsk 1987-
1995. Europe-Asia studies, v. 50, June 1998: 619-650.
Examines how the Russian Federation has dealt with areas like
Omsk. "As a result of the growing power of the regional elite,
Moscow has been forced to accommodate the demands of this important
section of Russian society; most obviously in the form of a set of
bilateral treaties with the provinces."

Monitor: a daily briefing on the post Soviet states; Internet file.
http://www.jamestown.org/monitor.htm ((as of Feb. 9, 1996).)

Nation, R. Craig. McFaul, Michael.
The United States and Russia into the 21st Century. Carlisle,
Pa., U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, 1997.
70 p.
Presents two essays on U.S. policy toward Russia.

Nelan, Bruce W.
Nuclear disarray. Time, v. 149, May 19, 1997: 46-48.
Examines the status of Russia's nuclear arsenal.

New states, new politics: building the post-Soviet nations. Edited by
Ian Bremmer and Ray Taras. Cambridge [England]; New York,
Cambridge University Press, 1997. 743 p.
"Succeeds and replaces Nations [i.e. Nation] and politics in
the Soviet successor states, published ... in 1993"--T.p. verso.

Nichol, James P.
Diplomacy in the former Soviet Republics. Westport, Ct., Praeger,
1995. 244 p.
Details the diplomacy of the former Soviet Union and presents
case by case examples.

Neimanis, George J.
The collapse of the Soviet Empire: a view from Riga. Westport,
Conn., Praeger, 1997. 153 p.

Odom, William E. Dujarric, Robert.
Commonwealth or empire? Russia, Central Asia, and the
Transcaucasus. Indianapolis, Hudson Institute, 1995. 290 p.

Olcott, Martha Brill.
Central Asia's new states: independence, foreign policy, and
regional security. Washington, United States Institute of Peace
Press, 1996. 202 p.

Olson, Carl L. Seidenberg, Mark J. Selle, Robert W.
U.S.-Russian maritime boundary giveaway. Orbis, v. 42, winter
1998: 75-89.
"Where precisely to fix the maritime boundary between the two
countries in the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea."

Ordeshook, Peter C.
Lessons for citizens of a new democracy. Cheltenham, UK;
Northampton, Mass., Edward Elgar Publ., 1998. (The Shaftesbury
papers; 10)
This work will be available later in 1998.

Peach, Gary.
Investing in Russia in 1998. Russia review, v. 5, Jan. 30, 1998:
14-17.
"Every year the job gets more difficult. After three straight
years of stupefying returns on international equity markets,
during which the Dow Jones doubled, and more to the point, The
Moscow Times Index catapulted 320 percent, stocks from around the
world have reached unfathomable highs."

Perspectives on political and economic transitions after communism.
Edited by John S. Micgiel. New York, Institute on East Central
Europe, Columbia University, 1997. 267 p.
"Proceedings of a graduate student conference held February
28-March 1, 1997 at Columbia University. Sponsored by the
Institute on East Central Europe and the Harriman Institute,
Columbia University."

Petro, Nicolai.
Legacy of containment: reshaping US foreign policy toward Russia.
Harvard international review, v. 19, fall 1997: 38-39, 62-63.
Argues that "to restore the tenor of US-Russian relations, a
more consistent treatment of Russia is needed."

Pipes, Richard.
Is Russia still an enemy? Foreign affairs, v. 76, Sept.-Oct.
1997: 65-78.
"Russia's interests demand good relations with everyone, but
older, darker forces tempt it to avenge its fall from
superpowerdom. Westernizing democrats govern for now, but
ex-communist elites and embittered generals scheme to reinvigorate
the military and reassert control over the borderlands. Their
machinations are creating a fault line across the oil-rich
Caucasus and Central Asia. For Russia to neglect its
reconstruction to pursue the illusion of power would be a
monumental mistake. While the expansion of NATO is misconceived,
the West must not encourage Russian hard-liners with unmerited
concessions."

Pluchinsky, Dennis A.
Terrorism in the former Soviet Union: a primer, a puzzle, a
prognosis. Studies in conflict & terrorism, v. 21, Apr.-June 1998:
119-147.
"This article examines political terrorist activity in the
fifteen newly independent states of the former Soviet Union and the
problems that security and terrorism analysts will encounter when
assessing this activity."

Popova, Tatiana. Tekoniemi, Merja.
Challenges to reforming Russia's tax system. Review of economies
in transition, no. 1, 1998: 13-30.
The objectives of Russia's new Tax Code (1997) were "to ensure
simplification of the tax system, restoration of tax discipline,
stimulation of production and protection of adequate tax revenues.
Subsequently, there has been much discussion as to whether these
objectives can be achieved by the proposed Tax Code draft, and
thousands of amendments have been proposed. The discussion has
centered around income and enterprise taxation, i.e. areas where
Russian practice differs considerably from other countries."

Rozman, Gilbert.
The crisis of the Russian Far East: who is to blame? Problems of
post-communism, v. 44, Sept.-Oct. 1997: 3-12.
"The Russian Far East has failed to realize its potential as a
regional economic and political power. Until leaders stop
shifting the blame and take a concerted stand, Russia's gateway to
the Pacific will remain closed."

Russia: a country study. Edited by Glenn E. Curtis. Washington,
Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, for sale by the
Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1998. 728 p.
Provides background information on Russia's politics,
government, economics, industry and other topics.

Russia after communism. Edited by Anders Aslund and Martha Brill
Olcott. Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
1997.
This work will be available late in 1998.

Russia and Eurasia. Current history, v. 96, Oct. 1997: whole issue
(305-352 p.).
Contents.--The United States and the new Russia: the first five
years, by Raymond L. Garthoff.--Russia's reform effort: is there
growth at the end of the tunnel? by Marshall I. Goldman.--Democracy
unfolds in Russia, by Michael McFaul.--The pitfalls of Russian
superpresi- dentialism, by M. Steven Fish.--"Normal" Russia, by
Vladimir Shlapentokh.-- Tajikistan's civil war, by Muriel Atkin.--
The unruly caucasus--the oil rush in the Caucasus, by Robert E.
Ebel.

Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: documents, data, and
analysis. Zbigniew Brzezinski and Paige Sullivan, editors. Armonk,
N.Y., M. E. Sharpe, 1997. 866 p.
Documents "the Russian efforts since 1992 to make the CIS into
a more viable instrument of economic and political integration,
and the ambivalent--and, in some cases, negative--responses from
the newly independent non-Russian states."

Russia in transition: politics, privatisation and inequality. Edited
by David Lane. London; New York, Longman, 1995. 237 p.

Russia's world turned upside down. Orbis, v. 39, summer 1995: 327-415.
Contents.--The Russian Federation's fight for survival, by
Susan L. Clark and David R. Graham.--Sovereignty and the "near
abroad," by Martha Brill Olcott.--Russia's real drive to the
South, by Stephen Blank.--Will modern technology remilitarize
Russia? by Sumner Benson.

Russian organized crime: the new threat? Edited by Phil Williams.
London, Frank Cass, c1997. 270 p.
Partial contents.--Introduction: how serious a threat is
Russian organized crime?, by Phil Williams.--Russian organized
crime: a brief history, by Patricia Rawlinson.--The emerging
criminal state: economic and political aspects of organized crime
in Russia, by Yuriy A. Voronin.--Major mafia gangs in Russia, by
Guy Dunn.--Threats to the foreign business community in Moscow, by
Joseph Serio.--Recent trends in nuclear smuggling, by Rensselaer
Lee.

Russia's demographic "crisis." Santa Monica, Calif., Rand, 1996.
205 p.
Contents.--Family, fertility, and demographic dynamics in
Russia: analysis and forecast, by Anatoly G. Vishnevsky.--Fertility
decline and recent changes in Russia: on the threshold of the
second demographic transition.--Family planning and induced
abortion in post-Soviet Russia of the early 1990s: unmet needs in
information supply, by Andrej A. Popov.--The Russian
epidemiolgoical crisis as mirrored by mortality trends, by Vladimir
M. Shkolnikov and France Mesle.--The crisis of Russian health care
and attempts at reform, by Boris A. Rozenfeld.--The determinants
and implications of an aging population in Russia, by Sergei A.
Vassin.

Rutland, Peter.
Explaining the Soviet collapse. Transitions, v. 5, Feb. 1998:
14-21.
Examines reasons for the collapse of the Soviet system.

Sakwa, Richard.
Russian politics and society. 2nd [enl. and rev.] ed. London;
New York, Routledge, 1996. 501 p.

Schaffner, Bradley L., 1959-
Bibliography of the Soviet Union, its predecessors and successors.
Metuchen, N.J., Scarecrow Press, 1995. 569 p. (Scarecrow area
bibliographies; 5)

Schweitzer, Glenn E.
Russia in transition: experiments in cooperation; assessing U.S.-
Russian programs in science and technology. New York, Twentieth
Century Fund Press, 1997. 89-177 p.
Assesses lessons learned from U.S.-Russian cooperation in
science and technology and prospects for future cooperation. Part
2 of 2.

Shlapentokh, Vladimir.
How Russians will see the status of their country by the end of the
century. Journal of communist studies and transition politics, v.
13, Sept. 1997: 1-23.
"Without a single dream of the future, the Russian nation is
unlikely to attain the social and political stability that alone
can assure its attainment."

Simanovsky, Stanislav.
Science and technology in Russia: problems and prospects. 1998.
Cologne, Bundesinstitut fur Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale
Studien, 1998. 41 p. (Berichte des Bundesinstituts fur
Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien no. 18-1998)
"The present paper attempts to provide a comprehensive survey
of what is currently going on in Russian science. It looks at the
underlying reasons for the present crisis, which affects every
component of the national R&D potential, and examines possible
ways of remedying the situation so as to restore Russian science
to its proper place in society and enable it to play an active
part in bringing about further democratic transformation and in
facilitating the transition to a market economy."

Singer, Marshall R.
Language follows power: the linguistic free market in the old
Soviet Bloc. Foreign affairs, v. 77, Jan.-Feb. 1998: 19-24.
"As Moscow's power waned across the Soviet Union, in Eastern
Europe, and on the periphery of empire, so did the linguistic hold
of Russian."

Six years after the collapse of the USSR. Post-Soviet affairs, v. 14,
Jan.-Mar. 1998: 1-22.
Presents the transcript of a discussion on the situation in
Russia and the former Soviet Union.

Smith, Ludmila. Dunlop, John B.
Newly independent states of the former Soviet Union: statistical
materials: indexed list. [Washington], Center for International
Research, Population Division, Bureau of the Census, [1994] 137 p.
(CIR staff paper; no. 74)
Introduction in English; text in English and Russian.

Starovoitova, Galina.
Sovereignty after empire: self-determination movements in the
former Soviet Union. Washington, United States Institute of Peace,
1997. 47 p. (Peaceworks no. 19)
"Contrary to the scenarios of global integration, nationalism
has not weakened in global society, but has, in fact, gained
strength. National feelings are rooted in the idea of a
linguistic, religious, and psychological community based on the
ancient kinship of the members of a given ethnic group. Only a
powerful internal security apparatus could maintain the Soviet
Union's facade of a multinational socialist federation, so it is
not surprising that the empire disintegrated upon communism's
discreditation. The Soviet republics exercised their right to
secede soon after the August 1991 putsch."

Stavrakis, Peter J.
Shadow politics: the Russian state in the 21st century. Carlisle
Barracks, Pa., Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College,
1997. whole issue (31 p.).
"Describes the emergence in Russia of a kind of oligarchic
capitalism, controlled by old political elites, and thriving amid
an extra-legal `parallel shadow government' . . . . contends that
Russia's central power structures to date have derived from a
fusion between corrupt government officials and private sector
elites."

Treadgold, Donald W.
Twentieth century Russia. 8th ed. Boulder, Colo., Westview
Press, 1995. 498 p.

Tsepkalo, Valery V.
The remaking of Eurasia. Foreign affairs, v. 77, Mar.-Apr. 1998:
107-126.
"Russia's post-Soviet orientation is in serious trouble. The
West does not want to see any structure in Eurasia that permits
Russian hegemony, but abetting continued chaos in the former
Soviet space is hardly in the West's interest. Central Asia and
the Caucasus are rife with flash points that could ignite and draw
in outside powers, and the presence of nuclear weapons raises the
stakes even higher. The United States should support integration,
not division. For its part, Russia should work with nearby
countries to help unite diverse peoples in a stabler system."

U.S. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Russia's election: what does it mean? Hearing, 104th Congress, 2nd
session. July 10, 1996. Washington, G.P.O., 1996. 84 p.
"CSCE 104-2-14"
"The just-completed Presidential elections set the course of
Russia's future in terms of economic and political development,
rule of law, and foreign policy, and will inevitably affect
Russia's relations with the international community and the United
States."

U.S. relations with Russia: 1998-99 team debate topic. Congressional
digest, v. 77, Aug.-Sept. 1998: whole issue (193-224 p.).
Partial contents.--Russia overview: geography, people, and
history.-- Map: new independent states of the former Soviet
Union.--U.S. policy: national security and foreign aid.--Future
agenda: joint statement by the United States and the Russian
Federation.--Legislative background: recent action on Russia
issues.--Pro & con: should the United States maintain its current
policy toward Russia?

Ware, Robert Bruce.
Conflict in the Caucasus: an historical context and a prospect for
peace. Europe-Asia studies, v. 50, June 1998: 337-352.
"In this article current strife in the Caucasus is placed in an
historical context. Russo-Soviet policies of separatism and
federalism are viewed as contributing to ethnic conflicts that now
threaten the further fragmentation of Russia. However, Daghestan
is considered as an anomaly of ethnic accommodation and pragmatic
multiculturalism which may provide a model for peace in the
region."

FOREIGN RELATIONS ISSUES

Adomeit, Hannes.
Russia as a `great power' in world affairs: images and reality.
International affairs (London), v. 71, Jan. 1995: 35-68.
"This article examines how the country's perceptions of its
role in world affairs have evolved since the declining years of
the Soviet Union."

After communism: what? Daedalus, v. 123, summer 1994: whole issue
(194 p.)
Partial contents.--After empire: what? by Roman Szporluk.--
Russia: lost and found, by Mark Medish.--Europe's new frontiers:
remapping Europe, by Jacques Rupnik.--Postcommunism: the problems
of democratic construction, by George Schopflin.--The postmortem
victory of communism, by Istvan Rev.

Aid and other resource flows to the central and eastern European
countries and the new independent states of the former Soviet Union
(1990-1995) Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development, 1998. 53 p. (OECD working papers, v. 6, no. 3)
"This is the fifth edition of an annual OECD survey of aid and
other resource flows to the Central and Eastern European countries
(CEECs) and the New Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet
Union."

Alexandrova, Olga.
The "Third World" in Russian foreign policy. Aussenpolitik, v. 47,
no. 3, 1996: 244-253.
"Since 1991, Russian foreign policy has been the subject of keen
interest for politicians, observers and analysts inside and outside
Russia. The primary focus is Russia's policy towards the West.
Little notice has been taken so far, however, of one particular
aspect of Russian foreign policy, namely its position on the so-
called Third World--the developing countries of Asia, Africa and
Latin America--, a region which once played a major role in the
Soviet foreign policy doctrine. Nevertheless, the Third World is
gradually regaining significance in Russian foreign policy
concepts."

Baev, Pavel K.
Bear hug for the Baltic. World today, v. 34, Mar. 1998: 78-79.
"The stream of cooperative and disarmament initiatives launched
by President Boris Yeltsin in Stockholm towards the end of last year
was more than one of his habitual public relations."

Baev, Pavel.
Russia's policies in the Caucasus. London, Royal Institute of
International Affairs; Washington, Distributed worldwide by the
Brookings Institution, 1997. 61 p. (Former Soviet South papers)
Russia and Eurasia Programme (Royal Institute of International
Affairs) : Former Soviet South Project.

Banerjee, Neela.
Who's afraid of the Russian bear? Russia review, v. 5, July 3,
1998: 18-19.
"Although the market has stabilized, unless the government
implements the reforms it has talked so much about, history may
repeat itself."

Bertram, Christoph.
Europe in the balance: securing the peace won in the Cold War.
Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996.
110 p.
Contents.--Coping with uncertainty.--Alliance without a cause.--
Russia and the new NATO.--Eastern Europe and the new NATO.--The
Atlantic connection.

Beschloss, Michael R. Talbott, Strobe.
At the highest levels: the inside story of the end of the Cold War.
1st ed. Boston, Little, Brown, 1993. 498 p.

Blackwill, Robert. Horelick, Arnold. Nunn, Sam.
Stopping the decline in US-Russian relations. Santa Monica, Calif.,
Rand, 1996. 9 p.
"If US-Russian relations are to be improved, the initiative will
have to come from the American side. This must be done in ways that
protect US national interests."

Blank, Stephen.
Which way for Sino-Russian relations? Orbis, v. 42, summer 1998:
345-360.
Examines economic, political, and military aspects of current
Russo-Chinese relations.

Bluth, Christoph.
Russia and China consolidate their new strategic partnership.
Jane's intelligence review, v. 10, Aug. 1998: 18-22.
"Moscow and Beijing are pursuing a partnership which they see as
a counterbalance to any excessive US influence in the new world
order . . . . Identifies some long-term implications which should
concern not only the West but China and Russia themselves."

Bowker, Mike.
Russian foreign policy and the end of the Cold War. Aldershot,
Hants, England; Brookfield, Vt., Darmouth Pub. Co., 1997. 297 p.

Brandenburg, Ulrich.
NATO and Russia: a natural partnership. NATO review, v. 45, July-
Aug. 1997: 17-21.
"The NATO-Russia Founding Act firmly establishes the basis for a
permanent security partnership between the two sides, laying to rest
the notion that they were forever destined to be adversaries. The
signing of the Act, which took place in Paris on 27 May, does not
mean that differences of policy or outlook will vanish overnight.
But these differences can lessen over time through a process of
broad, regular consultations on political and security matters
within the newly-created Permanent Joint Council. The main task is
to give life to the document by exploiting to the full the new
opportunities."

Braumoeller, Bear F.
Deadly doves: liberal nationalism and the democratic peace in the
Soviet successor states. International studies quarterly, v. 41,
Sept. 1997: 375-402.
"A democratic peace in the region is therefore viable but
particularly vulnerable to national issues, as well as to the
effects of concentration of political power in the hands of a narrow
group of elites."

Bremmer, Ian. Bailes, Alyson.
Sub-regionalism in the newly independent states. International
affairs, v. 74, Jan. 1998: 131-148.
Examines interrelationships between the nations of the Former
Soviet Union.

Brusstar, James H.
Russian vital interests and Western security. Orbis, v. 38, fall
1994: 607-619.
"United States should also jettison the goal of a near-term
marketized Russia. Events within Russia over the past two years
have demonstrated dramatically the destabilizing consequences of
rapid movement towards a Western-style market economy simultaneously
with adoption of a Western-style democracy. To put it bluntly,
Russians do not share our faith in the free market system. Their
commitment to the ideas that the state should play a major role in
the economy is as strong as it was under communism, and they will
vote out leadership that attempts to reduce the state's role in a
manner that appears further to threaten their welfare."

Brzezinski, Zbigniew.
Russia: neither our partner nor patient. Washington times, Dec. 22,
1995: A22.
National Security Advisor to President Carter asserts that "The
anti-democratic out-come of the Russian elections could have
surprised only those who took seriously the Clinton administration's
rhetoric about 'Russian democracy' and its 'mature strategic
partnership' with America."

Buszynski, Leszek.
Russian foreign policy after the Cold War. Westport, Conn.,
Praeger, 1996. 243 p.
"This book is primarily a study of a conflict in foreign policy
values and the impact on Russia's relations with the external world.
It will identify the initially confident attempts to identify with
the Western world after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the
efforts to formulate a foreign policy. It will examine the conflict
that has emerged between government and legislature, between
government and public opinion groups, and between different branches
of government itself."

Calder, Kent E.
The United States, Japan, and the new Russia: evolving bases for
cooperation. [Princeton, N.J.] : Center of International Studies,
Princeton University, 1994. 23 p. (Monograph series (Princeton
University. Center of International Studies. Program on U.S.-Japan
Relations); no. 5)

Checkel, Jeffrey T.
Ideas and international political change: Soviet/Russian behavior
and the end of the Cold War. New Haven, Conn., Yale University
Press, 1997. p. 1-76.
"The remarkable, peaceful end of the Cold War dramatically--and
unexpectedly--transformed international politics in the second half
of the twentieth century. At the heart of this amazing change was
the struggle over new and old ideas. Drawing on rich data from
interviews with key Soviet arhitects of `new thinking' and of
Gorbachev-era policy reforms, Jeffrey Chekel offers an absorbing
historical narrative of political change in the late Soviet period,
along with theoretical insights into the effect of ideas on state
behavior."

Chufrin, Gennady I. Saunders, Harold H.
The politics of conflict prevention in Russia and the near abroad.
Washington quarterly, v. 20, autumn 1997: 35-54.
"Nowhere is the politics of the unfolding Russian-U.S.
relationship more clearly and broadly revealed than in the `near
abroad,' those states of the former Soviet Union beyond Russia's
borders, excluding the Baltics. Nowhere else can one see more
sharply what each side really wants and fears in Russian-U.S.
interaction on the world stage. Although unfamiliar to most
Americans and an area where most Russians are unaccustomed to U.S.
intervention, the Near Abroad is the one region where the two powers
are beginning to define the key elements of a sound working
relationship."

"Cold peace" or cooperation? The potential for U.S.-Russian
accommodation on missile defense and the ABM treaty. Comparative
strategy, v. 16, Apr.-June 1997: whole issue (231 p.).
Contents.--The character of the problem, by Keith Payne and
Andrei Kortunov.--Missile proliferation: threat and U.S. response,
by Willis Stanley and Keith Payne.--Current Russian objections to
U.S. NMD and ABM treaty revision, by Andrei Kortunov and Andrei
Shoumikhin.--Alternative futures, by Keith Payne and Willis
Stanley.-- Expanding the potential for Russian-American
accommodation and cooperation, by Andrei Kortunov and Andrew
Shoumikhin.--Summary and conclusions, by Keith Payne and Andrei
Kortunov.

Collins, Alan R.
GRIT, Gorbachev and the end of the Cold War. Review of
international studies, v. 24, Apr. 1998: 201-219.
Examines the strategies employed by Gorbachev as he took a
leading role in ending the Cold War.

Cooper, Mary H.
Expanding NATO: does adding new members pose serious risks? CQ
researcher, v. 7, May 16, 1997: whole issue (433-456 p.).
"The U.S., Canada and the 14 European members of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization are expected to invite three Eastern
European countries to join the alliance in July. Hailed as the most
successful military alliance in history, NATO is credited with
preventing the Soviet Union from invading Western Europe during the
Cold War, speeding the U.S.S.R.'s demise and encouraging the
subsequent development of democratic institutions throughout Eastern
Europe. With no apparent enemies to defend against, NATO is
focusing on promoting stability throughout Europe, which includes
extending membership to former Soviet allies. The Clinton
administration has led the call for expansion amid growing concern
than an enlarged NATO would cost too much and threaten world peace
by alienating Russia."

Danilov, Dmitriy. DeSpiegeleire, Stephan.
From decoupling to recoupling: a new security relationship between
Russia and Western Europe? Paris, Institute for Security Studies,
Western European Union, 1998. 50 p. (Chaillot paper 31)
Contents.--Some history.--The current situation.--Analysis.--
Posible improvements.

Dannreuther, Roland.
Is Russia returning to the Middle East? Security dialogue, v. 29,
Sept. 1998: 345-373.
"In September 1997, President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt paid an
official visit to Moscow, during which he frequently expressed his
disquiet at the absence of Russia in the Middle East peace process
. . . . President Yeltsin, concurring . . . ordered the government
to intensify Russia's role as co-sponsor of the Middle East
settlement."

Dunlop, John B.
Aleksandr Lebed and Russian foreign policy. SAIS review, v. 17,
winter-spring 1997: 47-72.
"Aleksandr Lebed is likely to remain a member of Russia's
political elite for many years to come. How his views on the `near
abroad' and NATO enlargement might shape Russian foreign policy
could have a profound effect on America's future relations with the
Russian Federation."

The Emergence of Russian foreign policy. Edited by Leon Aron and
Kenneth M. Jensen. Washington, United States Institute of Peace
Press, 1994. 211 p.
Partial contents.--Sources and mechanisms of Russian foreign
policy.--The near abroad and commonwealth of independent states.--
Russia and the far abroad.

Fairbanks, Charles H., Jr.
A tired anarchy. National interest, no. 39, spring 1995: 15-25.
"What Russians and Americans both need most is a better
definition of what is going on in the post-communist world. Because
Russian combativeness is more a matter of symbolism than of
concrete gains for the disintegrating Russian state, how events are
labeled, which policymakers sometimes dismiss as mere `rhetoric,'
becomes a vital part of policy both for Russia and for us."

Five years after the collapse of the USSR. Post-Soviet affairs, v. 13,
Jan.-Mar. 1997: 1-18.
"Based on presentations at a panel discussion held at the annual
convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic
Studies, Boston, MA, November 16, 1996."

The Foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Edited by Roger E. Kanet
and Alexander V. Kozhemiakin. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,
Great Britain, Macmillan Press Ltd.; New York, St. Martin's Press,
1997. 208 p.

Freedman, Robert O.
Russia and Iran: a tactical alliance. SAIS review, v. 17, summer-
fall 1997: 93-109.
"Russia and Iran have formed a relationship based on mutual
advantage. Iran serves Moscow as a tactical ally, and Russia
provides Iran with arms and diplomatic respect. While their
alliance has developed smoothly to date, a number of potential
obstacles loom ahead."

Garnett, Sherman.
Russia's illusory ambitions. Foreign affairs, v. 76, Mar.-Apr.
1997: 61-76.
"While Russia is wedged between its visions of grandeur and its
reduced capabilities, the consolidation of Ukraine and Uzbekistan,
the rise of China, and the assertion of the newly independent
rimland states are transforming Eurasia. Russia must come to terms
with its neighbors' ascendancy and its own economic and military
decline. Acting otherwise could plunge Eurasia into turmoil and
usher in a new era of tension between Russia and the United States."

-----
The Russian Far East as a factor in Russian-Chinese relations. SAIS
review, v. 16, summer-fall 1996: 1-19.
"This essay will consider the basic trends already at work
shaping the region and Russian-Chinese relations as a whole. It
will also recommend possible Western policy responses to support
stability in the region and to keep the Russian Far East from
becoming a new source of instability in an already troubled part of
the world."

Guide to foreign affairs research organizations in Russia. Washington,
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995. 85 p.

How democracy fits American interests and values. Orbis, v. 37, fall
1993: 501-619.
Contents.--Winning the peace, by Harvey Sicherman.--Promoting
liberty and democracy aborad, by Patrick Clawson.--Dangerous
democrats.--Threats from the former USSR, by William C. Bodie.--
Ultra-nationalism in Central Europe, by Thomas S. Szayna.--When to
worry in the Middle East, by Jonathan S. Paris.--Beyond ballots.--
Democratic politics and its culture, by Yehudah Mirsky.--
Philanthropy's role in East Europe, by Kevin F. F. Quigley.--Free
markets and democracy in East Asia, by James A. Dorn.--Humanitarian
intervention, by Guenter Lewy.

Jonson, Lena.
The foreign policy debate in Russia: in search of a national
interest. Nationalities papers, v. 22, spring 1994: 175-194.
"Russia is at present seeking to define its national interest.
A new foreign policy is in the process of being formed . . . . The
ensuing debate is the symptom of a search for a foreign policy
suited to a radically changed international situation."

Kastl, Joerg.
European security without Russia? Aussenpolitik, v. 48, no. 1,
1997: 31-38.
"Joerg Kastl, a leading diplomat who served his country as
ambassador in Moscow prior to his retirement, states his position
emphatically on this issue by questioning altogether the value of
showing consideration for Russian desires. He makes it clear that
the American-Atlantic guarantee is the only supporting foundation of
security for Germany and Europe, drawing the conclusion from Russian
policy--not uncontested in the country itself--that it is only
likely to lead to disappointment."

Kovalsky, Nicolai A.
Russia and Mediterranean security. Mediterranean quarterly, v. 8,
spring 1997: 102-118.
"The global security of Russia is linked with the security of
the adjacent regions of Europe and Asia, but the Mediterranean and
the Black Sea space plays a special role. It is a part of the so-
called arc of vulnerability, which stretches from Gibraltar through
the Black Sea and Middle East and up to India and China. Stormy
events and conflicts in this area have posed dangerous challenges
for both European and Russian security."

Kozyrev, Andrei.
Partnership or cold peace? Foreign policy, no. 99, summer 1995:
3-14.
"The scope of the common challenges facing Russia and NATO
encourages us to seek to achieve higher aims. It is necessary to
agree on the principal guidelines and mechanisms of a joint step-by-
step arrangement with NATO for a certain transitional period after
which it would be possible to reach a qualitatively new level of
relations between NATO and Russia. This would result in withdrawal
of our objections against a gradual entry into a new NATO that would
include the nations of Central and Eastern Europe."

Kupchan, Charles A.
NATO maneuvers on Russia. Nation, v. 265, Dec. 15, 1997: 24-26.
"If Russia is not extended full NATO membership, the continent
will remain divided."

Larrabee, F. Stephen. Karasik, Theodore W.
Foreign and security policy decisionmaking under Yeltsin. Santa
Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation, 1997. 54 p.
Contents.--The ministry of foreign affairs.--The ministry of
defense.--The foreign intelligence service.--The role of the
presidential security service.--The role of the Security Council.--
The presidential apparatus.--Conclusions and implications for U.S.
policy.

Lieven, Anatol.
Restraining NATO: Ukraine, Russia, and the West. Washington
quarterly, v. 20, autumn 1997: 55-77.
"The events of the past two years have, however, shown beyond
all doubt that the Russia of the late 1990s has neither the military
power, nor the economic resources, nor above all the national will
to subjugate Ukraine or even seriously to woo it into a new union--
not even, probably, if Ukraine itself were to collapse economically.
The desire of many U.S. policymakers policmakers to turn Ukraine
into a strategic `buffer state' against Russia is therefore quite
unjustified: The Russian military train is not exactly heading so
fast toward the West that buffers are required to check its
progress."

Linden, Carl A. Prybyla, Jan S.
Russia and China: on the eve of a new millennium. New Brunswick,
Transaction Publishers, 1997. 341 p.

Lubin, Nancy. Ware, Monica.
Aid to the former Soviet Union: when less is more. Surviving
together, v. 14, spring 1996: 5-7.
"Participants with strong partnerships and expertise in the NIS
often have limited expertise in tapping into US government
assistance funds. Likewise, despite inevitable problems in the way
US programs are designed and implemented, there are few constructive
feedback mechanisms to raise these problems within the assistance
community and encourage change. The new umbrellas should be
equipped to act as clearinghouses--informing small partnerships of
opportunities, and where relevant, providing constructive feedback
to the government on how assistance monies are spent."

Lynch, Allen.
The Soviet breakup and U.S. foreign policy. Ithaca, NY, Foreign
Policy Association, 1992. 72 p. (Headline series, 0017-8780; no.
297)

Mandelbaum, Michael.
Westernizing Russia and China. Foreign affairs, v. 76, May-June
1997: 80-95.
"In one sense Russia and China pose the same problems. An
international order of trade and cooperation has been established,
and the two countries are in the process of joining. But their
central governments are weak--Russia's military is quasi-independent
of Moscow, China's factories do not heed Beijing. Humiliation over
national decline prompts symbolic defiance of the United States.
Ukraine and Taiwan remain dangerous flash points that call for tacit
deterrence. Like adolescents, Russia and China are in a
transitional stage requiring patience and guidance rather than
confrontation."

Masci, David.
U.S.-Russian relations. CQ researcher, v. 8, May 22, 1998: whole
issue (457-480 p.).
Partial contents.--Clinton's initiatives.--NATO expansion.--
Troubled economy.--Rising nationalism.--What is Yeltsin up to?--
Chronology of events since 1990.--Race for space now a team
effort.--Progress predicted on nuclear weapons.--Bibliography.

Masker, John Scott.
Signs of a democratized foreign policy? Russian politics, public
opinion, and the Bosnia crisis. World affairs, v. 160, spring 1998:
179-191.
"This article focuses on the effects that democratization has
had on Russia's policy toward the Bosnian war and on the foreign
policymaking apparatus itself."

Mayers, David.
After Stalin: the ambassadors and America's Soviet policy, 1953-62.
Diplomacy & statecraft, v. 5, July 1994: 213-247.
"In international policy, Stalin's successors promptly took
steps to bolster the Soviet Union's position. Gestures were made
toward Mao Tse-tung to consolidate further the Sino-Soviet alliance.
Conciliatory moves were taken in the direction of disaffected Tito.
Most importantly, the new leadership acted to reduce Cold War
tension--but not without anxiety about Washington exploiting the
situation to Western advantage."

Nation, R. Craig. McFaul, Michael.
The United States and Russia into the 21st Century. Carlisle, Pa.,
U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, 1997. 70 p.
Presents two essays on U.S. policy toward Russia.

NATO expansion: Round II. Problems of post-communism, v. 45, Jan.-Feb.
1998: 3-29.
Contents.--The case for including the Baltics in NATO, by
Richard J. Krickus.--After NATO expansion: the East European
militaries, by Dale R. Herspring.--Ukraine, Russia, and European
security: thinking beyond NATO expansion, by Margarita M. Balmaceda.

Neilson, Keith.
`Incidents' and foreign policy: a case study. Diplomacy and
statecraft, v. 9, Mar. 1998: 53-88.
"Anglo-Russian relations during the period 1894-1914 were filled
with incidents in large part stemming from the very different social
and political frameworks of the two countries. The two countries
had sharply differing traditions concerning individual liberty,
freedom of the press and other such matters usually covered by the
rubric of human rights. While the realities of great power politics
forced the two countries to work together, it is not surprising that
their collaboration was often marred by clashes of political and
social sensibilities."

The New Russian foreign policy. Edited by Michael Mandelbaum. New
York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1998.
This work will be available later in 1998.

Nichol, James P.
Diplomacy in the former Soviet Republics. Westport, Ct., Praeger,
1995. 244 p.
Details the diplomacy of the former Soviet Union and presents
case by case examples.

Olson, Carl L. Seidenberg, Mark J. Selle, Robert W.
U.S.-Russian maritime boundary giveaway. Orbis, v. 42, winter 1998:
75-89.
"Where precisely to fix the maritime boundary between the two
countries in the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea."

Pipes, Richard.
Is Russia still an enemy? Foreign affairs, v. 76, Sept.-Oct. 1997:
65-78.
"Russia's interests demand good relations with everyone, but
older, darker forces tempt it to avenge its fall from superpowerdom.
Westernizing democrats govern for now, but ex-communist elites and
embittered generals scheme to reinvigorate the military and reassert
control over the borderlands. Their machinations are creating a
fault line across the oil-rich Caucasus and Central Asia. For
Russia to neglect its reconstruction to pursue the illusion of power
would be a monumental mistake. While the expansion of NATO is
misconceived, the West must not encourage Russian hard-liners with
unmerited concessions."

Pravda, Alex.
Russia and European security: the delicate balance. NATO review,
no. 3, May 1995: 19-24.
"The overwhelming perception in Russia is that it has no
specific enemies, but neither does it have any reliable friends.
Therefore, a strategy of insurance for the CEE countries and
assurance for Russia, in the military, political and economic
domains is necessary. A treaty between NATO and Russia would go
some way towards reassuring Moscow. Such a treaty would have to be
in the context of a wider, pan-European framework, to involve Russia
more constructively in shaping European security. It is also vital
to increase the economic flows linking Russia with Western Europe
and the world economy, through more investment and freer trade
regimes."

Pushkov, Alexei K.
NATO enlargement: a Russian perspective. Washington, National
Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1995.
4 p. (Strategic forum no. 34, July 1995)
"NATO enlargement risks poisoning the relationship between
Russia and the West for a long time. It is in the interests of both
sides to prevent such an unwelcome development. However, right now
there are few converging points in the positions of the two sides."

-----
Russia and NATO: on the watershed. Mediterranean quarterly, v. 7,
spring 1996: 13-31.
"The year 1996 will probably become the decisive year for the
complicated relationship between Russia and NATO . . . . In 1996,
Eastern and central Europeans will certainly exert pressure on their
Western partners to make a decision specifying the timing and the
first candidates for NATO membership . . . . If not, the projected
NATO enlargement risks becoming a source of a major discord between
them, with harmful consequences for European and world security."

Rogov, Sergey.
Building the NATO-Russia relationship. [Washington] National
Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1996.
4 p. (Strategic forum no. 76, May 1996)
"Relations between Russia and NATO--not the enlargement of
NATO--is the main issue in European security. To preserve hopes for
a partnership between Russia and NATO, the gap between declarations
and reality must be closed."

Rosner, Jeremy D.
Clinton, Congress, and assistance to Russia and the NIS. SAIS
review, v. 15, winter-spring 1995: 15-35.
"This brief evaluation of the relationship between the Clinton
administration and the 103rd Congress on national security policy
looks in detail at one case study . . . . The effort in 1993 to
secure an increased package of assistance for Russia and the other
new independence states (NIS) of the former Soviet Union."

Russia: no turning back? International spectator, v. 32, Jan.-Mar.
1997: whole issue (98 p.).
Contents.--Russia after five years, by Silvana Malle.--Business
lobbies in contemporary Russia, by Peter Rutland.--How many Russias?
Russia's regions and their adjustment to economic change, by Philip
Hanson.--Pipelines to prosperity? by Sarah J. Lloyd.--Landscape
after the battle: rethinking democracy in Russia, by Sergei
Medvedev.--Russia and NATO: expansion and coexistence? by Allen C.
Lynch.--Maastricht watch, by Flaminia Gall.

Russia's foreign policy. International journal, v. 49, autumn 1994:
whole issue (699-907 p.)
Partial contents.--From situations of weaknesses: foreign policy
of the new Russia, by Franklyn Griffiths.--Neither adversaries nor
partners: Russia and the West search for a new relationship, by Paul
Marantz.--The post-Cold War political symmetry of Russo-Chinese
bilateralism, by Ronald C. Keith.--The creation of a sphere of
influence: Russia and Central Asia, by Stephen Page.--Russia and the
Balkans: pan-Slavism, partnership and power, by Lenard J. Cohen.--
Futile interventions: Russia's disengagment from the Third World, by
Mohamed M. El-Doufani.--The new Russia in the new Asia, by Stephen
Blank.

Russian foreign policy since 1990. Edited by Peter Shearman. Boulder,
Westview Press, 1995. 324 p.

The Search for stability in Russia and the former Soviet Bloc. Edited
by David Carlton and Paul Ingram. Aldershot, [Eng.]; Brookfield,
Dartmouth, 1997. 215 p. (Studies in disarmament and conflicts)

Sestanovich, Stephen.
U.S.-Russian relations: remarks by the Ambassador at Large and
Special Advisor to the Secretary of State on the New Independent
States at the Heritage Foundation, Washington, D.C., Jan. 15, 1998.
U.S. Dept. of State dispatch, v. 9, Jan.-Feb. 1998: 14-18.
Examines challenges to U.S.-Russian relations in such areas as
NATO enlargement, strategic nuclear weapons, and relations between
the U.S. and the nations of the former Soviet Union.

Shuja, Sharif M.
Moscow's Asia policy. Contemporary review, v. 272, Apr. 1998:
169-176.
"Historically, the Russians have long sought to exert their
influence in the Asia-Pacific region and over the Korean Peninsula
in particular."

Simon, Gerhard.
Russia's identity and international politics. Aussenpolitik, v. 48,
no. 3, 1997: 245-256.
"As a result of the wholesale collapse of the former Soviet
Union the Russian successor state finds itself in a serious crisis.
Not only in material and institutional terms, but also with respect
to the state's political self-awareness."

Singer, Marshall R.
Language follows power: the linguistic free market in the old Soviet
Bloc. Foreign affairs, v. 77, Jan.-Feb. 1998: 19-24.
"As Moscow's power waned across the Soviet Union, in Eastern
Europe, and on the periphery of empire, so did the linguistic hold
of Russian."

Staar, Richard F.
Moscow's plans to restore its power: beyond the unipolar movement.
Orbis, v. 40, summer 1996: 375-389.
Examines how the West has reacted to recent action and
statements by the Russians.

-----
Russia and the Islamic Middle East. Mediterranean quarterly, v. 8,
spring 1997: 163-175.
"The Middle East is viewed from Moscow as a single geopolitical
region, with eight of its Muslim countries bordering on the
Mediterranean. Trade and aid have been carried over from the Soviet
period. They are most useful tools in obtaining a solid foothold
throughout the Middle East, paid for mostly in hard currency."

Starr, S. Frederick.
Power failure: American policy in the Caspian. National interest,
no. 47, spring 1997: 20-31.
"From the moment the states of the Caspian Basin gained
independence, the United States has repeatedly pledged to support
their sovereignty and their freedom to develop as democratic
societies with free-market economies. While it is clear that many
of the Russian initiatives described above directly threaten the
achievement of these goals, the United States has failed thus far to
produce an adequate response."

Talbott, Strobe.
Endgame: the inside story of SALT II. 1st ed. New York, Harper &
Row, 1979. 319 p.

Talbott, Strobe.
Opening doors and building bridges in the New Europe: address before
the Paasikivi Society, Helsinki, Finland, Jan. 21, 1998. U.S. Dept.
of State dispatch, v. 9, Jan.-Feb. 1998: 9-13.
Deputy Secretary of State addresses U.S. relations with Europe
in the Post-Cold War era. "The premise of U.S. policy could not be
simpler. It is this: the safety and well-being of the American
people depend in no small measure on the peace and prosperity of
Europe."

Tsepkalo, Valery V.
The remaking of Eurasia. Foreign affairs, v. 77, Mar.-Apr. 1998:
107-126.
"Russia's post-Soviet orientation is in serious trouble. The
West does not want to see any structure in Eurasia that permits
Russian hegemony, but abetting continued chaos in the former Soviet
space is hardly in the West's interest. Central Asia and the
Caucasus are rife with flash points that could ignite and draw in
outside powers, and the presence of nuclear weapons raises the
stakes even higher. The United States should support integration,
not division. For its part, Russia should work with nearby
countries to help unite diverse peoples in a stabler system."

Tsygankov, Andrei P.
From international institutionalism to revolutionary expansionism:
the foreign policy discourse of contemporary Russia. Mershon
international studies review, v. 41, Nov. 1997: 247-268.
"The purpose of this essay review is to explore the foreign
policy discourse in contemporary Russia. The argument is made that
Russian foreign policy is still open to the influence of ideas
across the political spectrum and that examining the discourse
extant in the society is useful in revealing the country's competing
schools of thought."

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations.
U.S. relations with Russia and the newly independent states.
Hearing, 105th Congress, 1st session. Mar. 12, 1997. Washington,
G.P.O., 1997. 97 p.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations.
Meeting the challenges of a post-Cold War world: NATO enlargement
and U.S.-Russia relations; a report to the Committee on Foreign
Relations, U.S. Senate, by Joseph R. Biden, Jr., 105th Congress.
May 1997. Washington, G.P.O., 1997. 59 p. (Print, Senate, 105th
Congress, 1st session, S. Prt. 105-26)
"During the week of March 23, I traveled to Europe to learn more
about the process of the enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and its likely effect upon our relations with the
Russian Federation."

U.S. Relations with Russia (21st : 1997 : Dresden, Ger.).
U.S. Relations with Russia: twenty-first conference, Aug. 18-22,
1997. Washington, Aspen Institute, 1997. 48 p.
Partial contents.--Russia's search for new ideals, by Nicolai
Petro.-- Economic prospects in Russia, by Richard Layard.--
Preventive defense, by William Perry.--The economization,
rationalization, and normalization of Russian foreign policy, by
Celeste Wallander.

U.S.-Russian relations are headed for Siberia. Business week, no. 3578,
May 8, 1998: 49.
"Russia is already seeing red over the U.S. Senate vote to
expand NATO, and a move afoot could get it even more steamed.
Lawmakers are poised to approve a seemingly veto-proof bill this
month that would slap economic sanctions on renegade Russian
companies that sell advanced missile technology to Iran. The double
hit against Russia underscores the sour state of affairs developing
between Washington and Moscow."

Utkin, A. I. (Anatolii Ivanovich)
Russia and the West: the day after. 1st English ed. Geneva,
Switzerland, Programme for Strategic and International Security
Studies, Graduate Institute of International Studies, 1995. 73 p.
(PSIS occasional paper; no. 3/1995)

Wenger, Andreas. Perovic, Jeronim.
Russia's ambivalent relation to the West. Swiss review of world
affairs, Nov. 1997: 11-13.
"Moscow's present security policy is marked by an ambivalent
relationship to the West. The internal debate over NATO's eastward
expansion made it evident that Russia still claims special status as
a major European power. The Kremlin leadership is faced with a dual
challenge: to master a far-reaching transformation process
internally, and in the realm of foreign relations to orient itself
in the new, multipolar global environment."

MILITARY POLICY ISSUES

Arbatov, Alexei Georgievich.
Military reform in Russia: dilemmas, obstacles, and prospects.
International security, v. 22, spring 1998: 83-134.
Examines "what military reform means in the Russian context.
Second, consider[s] Russia's new defense requirements in light of
the end of the Cold War. . . . assess[es] the availability of
material and human resources, . . . . [and] outlines the principal
features of the military crisis."

-----
The Russian military in the 21st century. Carlisle Barracks, Pa.,
Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, [1997]. 18 p.
"This monograph was prepared for the U.S. Army War College
Annual Strategy Conference".

Arnett, Robert.
Can civilians control the military? Orbis, v. 38, winter 1994:
41-57.
Considers the likely role for Russia's military in the future of
that nation's political system.

Bakich, Spencer D.
Toward a new quality: the Russian military doctrine and Eurasian
security. Journal of social, political and economic studies, v. 21,
spring 1996: 3-24.
"Russian military actions since 1991 have brought debate and
speculation to the international community regarding Russian designs
toward the `near abroad.' This paper is an attempt to provide the
conceptual framework for interpreting such events . . . with Russian
military philosophy and how that philosophy relates to foreign
policy in general."

Benson, Sumner.
Can the United States and Russia reshape the international strategic
environment? Comparative strategy, v. 14, 1995: 237-253.
"The United States and Russia have agreed in principle that they
should transform the strategic rivalry of the cold war into
strategic cooperation in preventing proliferation of nuclear
weapons, ballistic missiles, and advanced conventional weapons."

Blank, Stephen.
Reform and the revolution in Russian defense economics. [Carlisle
Barracks, PA]. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College,
[1995] 35 p.

-----
Russia's armed forces on the brink of reform. Carlisle Barracks,
Pa., Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, 1998. 45 p.
"Military policy and the so-called current military reform more
resemble bureaucratic exercises in turf-grabbing or the court
politics of the Tsars then they do real reform. While efforts are
underway to downsize the armed forces, spend less on them, and
revamp the force structure, these moves seem driven by concerns
other than strategic rationality."

Bodie, William C.
Moscow's "near abroad": security policy in post-Soviet Europe.
Washington, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National
Defense University, [1993] 30 p. (McNair papers; no. 16.)

Brown, Sarah.
Modern tales of the Russian army. World policy journal, v. 14,
spring 1997: 61-70.
"It is no secret that Russia's army is undergoing a difficult
period of transition. Even before the war in Chechnya began in
December 1994, the military budget had been drastically reduced,
soldiers' wages had dried up, military bases were in disrepair, and
enlisted men across Russia were living in substandard conditions."

Brusstar, James H. Jones, Ellen.
The Russian military's role in politics. Washington, Institute for
National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, for sale by
the Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1995. 62 p. (McNair paper, 1071-7552;
34)
Examines how the Soviet military reacted to "the disintegrative
trend that eventually overtook the Soviet Union . . . . As part of
this focus, we assess the military's action during three critical
events: the abortive August 1991 coup, the Belovezh agreement
formalizing the demise of the USSR, and the fall 1993 political
crisis in Moscow."

Cohen, Ariel.
Russian hardliners' military doctrine: in their own words.
Washington, Heritage Foundation, 1996. 11 p. (F.Y.I no. 104, May
30, 1996)
Contents.--Russian hardliners' military doctrine: in their own
words, by Ariel Cohen.--Army reform and security: conceptual theses
of the strategy of reforming the armed forces of the Russian
federation. "People like Surkkov and Dementyev advise Communist
Party Leader Zyuganov, radical nationalist Zhirinovsky, and
President Boris Yeltsin's Atomic Energy Minister, Viktor Mikhailov.
Even if Zyuganov loses the presidential elections, the views
expressed in this report will influence Russian military and
security policy."

"Cold peace" or cooperation? The potential for U.S.-Russian
accommodation on missile defense and the ABM treaty. Comparative
strategy, v. 16, Apr.-June 1997: whole issue (231 p.).
Contents.--The character of the problem, by Keith Payne and
Andrei Kortunov.--Missile proliferation: threat and U.S. response,
by Willis Stanley and Keith Payne.--Current Russian objections to
U.S. NMD and ABM treaty revision, by Andrei Kortunov and Andrei
Shoumikhin.--Alternative futures, by Keith Payne and Willis
Stanley.--Expanding the potential for Russian-American accommodation
and cooperation, by Andrei Kortunov and Andrew Shoumikhin.--Summary
and conclusions, by Keith Payne and Andrei Kortunov.

Diamond, Howard.
Russian export controls fail to stop steel for Iranian missile
program. Arms control today, v. 28, Apr. 1998: 26.
Questions Russia's ability to enforce its own export laws
dealing with weapons technology.

Eisenhower, Susan.
Starting Cold War II? United States Naval Institute proceedings,
v. 124, May 1998: 38-43.
"Debate over expanding NATO to include Poland, Hungary, and the
Czech Republic--here, foreign ministers sit with the North Atlantic
Council on 16 December 1997--has drawn scant media attention because
so many current and former U.S. leaders endorse the plan. But
losing sight of the high cost--including the risk of alienating a
still-nuclear- armed Russia--could be a strategic blunder of
historic proportions."

Epperson, Robert H.
Russian military intervention in politics 1991-96. Journal of
Slavic military studies, v. 10, Sept. 1997: 90-108.
"Why has the Russian military decided to intervene in politics?
Three explanations for military intervention in contemporary
Russia."

Fakiolas, Efstathios T.
Continuity and change in Soviet and Russian grand strategy.
Mediterranean quarterly, v. 9, spring 1998: 76-91.
"The principal objective of this essay is to establish the
argument that, although Russia's security policy appears to have
gained flexibility in the use of means, it is intended at its core
to effectuate the same ends as that of the Soviet Union."

Gardner, Hall.
Dangerous crossroads: Europe, Russia, and the future of NATO.
Westport, Conn., Praeger, 1997. 279 p.

Garrels, Anne.
Russia's military. [Washington] National Public Radio, 1997.
[14] p.
Four-part National Public Radio Series on the status of the
Russian army. Addresses such issues as corruption in the military,
mission in action, and draft evasion.
Reprinted from the Nexis service (14 p.).

Goetz, Roland.
Russian security policy options and their price. Aussenpolitik, v.
47, 1996: 254-261.
"This article highlights the relationship between Russia's
foreign policy orientation and ecomonic development."

Holcomb, James F. Boll, Michael M.
Russia's new doctrine: two views. Carlisle Barracks, PA],
Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, [1994] 37 p.

Holden, Gerard.
Russia after the Cold War: history and the nation in post-Soviet
security politics. Frankfurt am Main, Campus Verlag; Boulder,
Colo., Westview Press, 1994. 205 p. (Studies from the Peace
Research Institute Frankfurt; 27)

Humphreys, Brian.
Converting the weapons of war. Russia review, v. 5, Feb. 13, 1998:
14-17.
"There is a lot of technical knowledge and innovative spirit
under the surface of many sickly defense-oriented enteprises. The
problem is translating these things into viable products that can
be marketed."

Karaganov, S. A. (Sergei Aleksandrovich)
Where is Russia going? Foreign and defence policies in a new era.
Frankfurt am Main, Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, [1994]
36 p. (PRIF reports; no. 34)

Kastl, Joerg.
European security without Russia? Aussenpolitik, v. 48, no. 1,
1997: 31-38.
"Joerg Kastl, a leading diplomat who served his country as
ambassador in Moscow prior to his retirement, states his position
emphatically on this issue by questioning altogether the value of
showing consideration for Russian desires. He makes it clear that
the American-Atlantic guarantee is the only supporting foundation
of security for Germany and Europe, drawing the conclusion from
Russian policy--not uncontested in the country itself--that it is
only likely to lead to disappointment."

Khripunov, Igor.
Have guns, will travel. Bulletin of the atomic scientists, v. 53,
May-June 1997: 47-51.
"A cash-starved defense industry is selling Russian weapons to
the world--latest models included."

Kozyrev, Andrei.
Russia and the world's new security agenda. International
relations, v. 14, Apr. 1998: 41-49.
Examines the state of Russian security in the post-Soviet era
and also considers security issues raised by other nations in light
of current political difficulties which the Russian republic has
encountered.

Kugler, Richard L. Kozintseva, Marianna V.
Enlarging NATO: the Russia factor. Santa Monica, Calif., RAND,
1996. 287 p.
At head of title: National Defense Research Institute.
"Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense."

Kulikov, Anatoliy Sergeevich.
Russian policy in the sphere of national security: essence and
magnitude of internal threats to stability and order. European
security, v. 6, autumn 1997: 16-37.
"Russia's `national security' includes three basic elements:
interests, threat, and protection against threats. The national
security strategy is the highest level of articulation of all of a
country's means for protecting and safeguarding its national
interests. Being an integral system, it comprises other forms of
state strategies."

Lambeth, Benjamin S.
Russia's wounded military. Foreign affairs, v. 74, Mar.-Apr. 1995:
86-98.
"The Chechnya misadventure unmasked what Russia's armed forces
have known for awhile: the heir to the once-vaunted Soviet military
is in shambles. Years of cutbacks in Russia's military budgets,
worsened by rapid inflation, have crippled morale, the development
of new weapons, maintenance, and training. At the upper echelons,
there is now an exodus of talented and experienced officers; in the
lower ranks, desertion and draft evasion are widespread.
Nevertheless, the Russian military has largely remained above
politics and helped to stabilize the nation amid reform. The United
States would do well to press for an honest and open military-to-
military relationship with Russia. One day, a grave nuclear threat
may require it."

Lee, Rensselaer W.
Smuggling Armageddon: the nuclear black market and the Former
Soviet Union and Europe. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1998.
This book will be available later in 1998.

Lieven, Anatol.
Russia's military nadir: the meaning of the Chechen debacle.
National interest, no. 44, summer 1996: 24-33.
"The Chechen war may come to be seen as one of the greatest
disasters in Russian military history, greater than Tannenberg,
greater than Tsushima; not, obviously, because of Russian losses,
which have been limited, but because of what Chechnya has revealed
about the humiliating depths of contemporary Russian military
decline. Quite simply, the Russian army today is weaker in
relative terms than it has been for almost four hundred years--a
fact which, if it persists, may be of incalculable significance for
the future of Eurasia."

Mandelbaum, Michael.
The dawn of peace in Europe. New York, Twentieth Century Fund
Press, 1996. 209 p.

Meyer, Peggy Falkenheim. Bolyatko, Anatoly.
Russian security policy in the Asia-Pacific region: two views.
Edited by Stephen J. Blank. [Carlisle Barracks, PA., Strategic
Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1996] 47 p.
Contents.--From Cold War to cold peace? by Peggy Falkenheim
Meyer.--Russian national security strategy and its implications for
East Asian security, by Anatoly Bolyatko.
"These papers originally were presented to the conference on
`Russian Defense and Security Policy,' King's College, London, May
16-18, 1995, sponsored by the Ministry of Defence of Great Britain,
King's College, London, the U.S. Army War College's Strategic
Studies Institute, the U.S. Air Force Academy's Institute for
National Security Studies, and the RAND Corporation"--T.p. verso.

Moskalev, Boris.
The anatomy of the Chechen conflict. Mediterranean quarterly,
v. 7, winter 1996: 99-117.
"This essay will look at the causes of the Chechen conflict and
the errors and second-best solutions that led to the horrendous
scenes of war displayed on CNN."

NATO enlargement: illusions and reality. Edited by Ted Galen Carpenter
and Barbara Conry. Washington, Cato Institute, 1998. p.

Nelan, Bruce W.
Nuclear disarray. Time, v. 149, May 19, 1997: 46-48.
Examines the status of Russia's nuclear arsenal.

Nuclear energy and security in the former Soviet Union. Edited by
David R. Marples and Marilyn J. Young. Boulder, Colo, Westview
Press, 1997. 177 p.

Proliferation concerns: assessing U.S. efforts to help contain nuclear
and other dangerous materials and technologies in the former
Soviet Union. Office of International Affairs, National Research
Council. Washington, National Academy Press, 1997. 142 p.

Rogov, S. M.
Security concerns of the new Russia. Sergey Rogov, with the
assisstance of Alexander Konovalov ... [et al.] ; Edited by Henry
Gaffney, Jr. and Paul Olkhovsky. Alexandria, Va., Center for Naval
Analyses, 1995- v. <1 > (Occasional papaer / Center for Naval
Analyses)

Rogov, Sergey.
Building the NATO-Russia relationship. [Washington] National
Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1996.
4 p. (Strategic forum no. 76, May 1996)
"Relations between Russia and NATO--not the enlargement of
NATO--is the main issue in European security. To preserve hopes
for a partnership between Russia and NATO, the gap between
declarations and reality must be closed."

Russia and Europe: the emerging security agenda. Edited by Vladimir
Baranovsky. Stockholm, Sipri; Oxford; New York, Oxford University
Press, 1997. 582 p.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

Sergeyev, Igor.
We are not adversaries, we are partners. NATO review, v. 46,
spring 1998: 15-18.
Russia's defense minister discusses his nation's relationship
with NATO.

Sanchez-Andres, Antonio.
Privatization, decentralisation and production adjustment in the
Russian defence industry. Europe-Asia studies, v. 50, Mar. 1998:
241-255.
"This article deals with the second phase of privatisation in
the defence industry (from 1993). This period is characterised by
a strong desire to push through broad privatisation in the sector.
In particular, the article analyses the impact of privatisation and
one of its major effects, decentralisation, on the adjustment of
production in defence companies."

Staar, Richard F.
Russia's new blueprint for national security. Strategic review, v.
26, spring 1998: 31-42.
"The Federation of Russia has a new national security concept
which openly proclaims Moscow's goal of again becoming a great
power. Basic prerequisites for achieving this status include
establishment of control over the so-called Commonwealth of
Independent States . . . and a reformed Russian army equipped with
twenty-first century weapons . . . . However, providing Moscow
with such assistance may not be in the national interest of the
United States."

Talbott, Strobe.
Deadly gambits: the Reagan administration and the stalemate in
nuclear arms control. 1st ed. New York, Knopf, Distributed by
Random House, 1984. 380 p.

Trenin, Dmitri.
Russia and the emerging security environment in Northeast Asia.
Security dialogue, v. 29, 1998: 79-88.
Discusses Russia's emerging relationship with the nations of
Asia.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on National Security. Military
Research and Development Subcommittee. Russian national security
issues. Hearing, 105th Congress, 1st session. Mar. 19, 1998.
Washington, G.P.O., 1998. 34 p.
At head of title: H.N.S.C. no. 105-36.
"General Lebed has agreed to share with us today his views and
to answer questions on a broad range of issues affecting United
States- Russian relations and international security, including,
for example, the safety of the Russian nuclear arsenal, the
condition and stability of the Russian Armed Forces, and the
implications of NATO enlargement."

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations.
Meeting the challenges of a post-Cold War world: NATO enlargement
and U.S.-Russia relations; a report to the Committee on Foreign
Relations, U.S. Senate, by Joseph R. Biden, Jr., 105th Congress.
May 1997. Washington, G.P.O., 1997. 59 p. (Print, Senate, 105th
Congress, 1st session, S. Prt. 105-26)
"During the week of March 23, I traveled to Europe to learn
more about the process of the enlargement of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization and its likely effect upon our relations with
the Russian Federation."

Wendlandt, Astrid.
Pacifying Russia: international aid and NATO expansion. Fletcher
forum of world affairs, v. 22, summer/fall 1998: 131-148.
Examines the changing nature of NATO's relationship with Russia.

Woff, Richard.
The armed forces of the former Soviet Union: evolution, structure
and personalities. 2nd English ed. London, Brassey's, c1996. 3 v.

Contents.--v. 1. Section A. The Commonwealth of Independent
States. Section B. The Russian Federation.--v. 2. Section C. The
Transcaucasian states. Section D. Central Asia. Section E. The western
border lands. Section F. The Baltic states.--v. 3. Bibliographies.

ECONOMIC ISSUES

Assistance programmes for Central and Eastern Europe and the former
Soviet Union. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development; Washington, OECD Publications and Information Center
[distributor], c1996. 93 p.

Baker-Said, Stephanie.
Shutting Russia out. Russia review, v. 4, July 28, 1997: 12-13.
"Russian producers are crying foul over anti-dumping actions
taken by Western governments that threaten to destroy the
competitiveness of Russian goods on the world market."

Campbell, Robert W.
Evaluating Russian economic reform: a review essay. Post-Soviet
affairs, v. 12, Apr.-June 1996: 181-193.
Reviews three recent works on economic reform in Russia by
Anders Aslund (1995), Marshall Goldman (1994), and Maurice Ernst,
Michael Alexeev, and Paul Marer (1995).

Challenges for Russian economic reform. Edited by Alan Smith.
Washington, Published by the Brookings Institution for the Royal
Institute of International Affairs, London, 1995. 275 p.
At head of title: Russian and CIS Programme, The Royal
Institute of International Affairs.
Revised versions of four papers published originally in the
Post-Soviet business forum.

Commander, Simon. Tolstopiatenko, Andrei.
Restructuring and taxation in transition economies. Washington,
World Bank, 1996. 23 p. (Policy research working paper 1625)
Examining the speed of economic restructuring in Central and
Eastern Europe, finds "that widespread tax avoidance in the private
sector can stimulate that sector's growth and result in a speedier
transition."

Coulloudon, Virginie.
Privatization in Russia: catalyst for the elite. Fletcher forum of
world affairs, v. 22, summer/fall 1998: 43-56.
"The history of privatization in Russia is riddled with
scandals, revealing the critical nature of the struggle for state
funding in Russia today. At stake is influence over defining the
rules of the political game. The aim of this article is to
demonstrate how privatization in Russia gave birth to an oligarchic
regime and how, paradoxically, it would eventually destroy that
very oligarchy. This article intends to study how privatization
influenced the creation of the present elite structure and how it
may further transform Russian decision making in the foreseeable
future."

Crook, Clive.
After Russia, a global deluge? National journal, v. 30, Sept. 5,
1998: 2012-2013.
Says that Russia's "economy has finally toppled over." Says
that the ruble has collapsed, foreign debts are in default, and
that "Russia's struggle to build a democratic economy is for now at
an end."

Dabrowski, Marek.
Different strategies of transition to a market economy: how do they
work in practice? Washington, World Bank, 1996. 47 p. (Policy
research working paper 1579)
Examines the controversy over how quickly and radically free
market rules should be adopted in the formerly planned economies of
the Soviet sphere. Finds that "the more fast and comprehensive the
economic reform is, the more chance there is to minimize the
economic, social and political costs of this process and avoid
chronic macroeconomic mismanagement. Less favorable initial
conditions and bigger negative external shocks are also arguments
in favor of a more radical and disciplined path of transition."

Daniels, Robert V.
Russia's road to Oz: utopian reform vs. modern reality. Dissent,
v. 42, summer 1995: 307-312.
Claims that the free market model "is not adequate to describe
Western reality, let alone guide a society emerging from the
straitjacket of the communist past. This contradiction between the
theory that has inspired reform and the actual nature of modern
society--particularly the peculiar kind of modern society that was
the Soviet system--lies at the root of Russia's troubles of the
1990's."

Desai, Padma.
Beyond shock therapy. Journal of democracy, v. 6, Apr. 1995:
102-112.
Reviews Russia's economic reforms over the past four years as
well as its negotiations with multilateral lending institutions.

Devlin, Rose Anne. Grafton, R. Quentin. Rowlands, Dane.
Rights and wrongs: a property rights perspective of Russia's market
reforms. Antitrust bulletin, v. 43, spring 1998: 275-296.
Article cites "the important role that well-defined property
rights plays in economic transition and development. This
framework will then be applied to the experience in Russia in an
attempt to determine how privatization affects economic efficiency
when property rights are ill defined."

Dmitrieva, Oksana.
Regional development: the USSR and after. New York, St. Martin's
Press, 1996. 211 p.

Duch, Raymond M.
Economic chaos and the fragility of democratic transition in former
communist regimes. Journal of politics, v. 57, Feb. 1995: 121-158.
Finds "that citizens of the former Soviet Union and of Eastern
Europe recognize the differences between institutions and
incumbents. While they do not abandon democratic capitalism in the
face of economic chaos, they are likely to punish incumbents for
economic hardships."

Economic transition in Russia and the new states of Eurasia. Edited
by Bartlomiej Kaminski. Armonk, NY, M.E. Sharpe, 1996. 430 p.
(The international politics of Eurasia; v. 8)
Partial contents.--Economic transformation in the post-Soviet
Republics: an overview, by Gertrude Schroeder.--Foreign investment
and trade in Kazakhstan, by Serik Akhanov and Liazat Buranbayeva.--
Central Asia: prospects for regional integration, by Serik
Primbetov.--Post-communist economics: expectations, entitlements,
and disappointments, by Aline Quester and George Quester.--
Reforming intergovernmental relations: Russia and the challenge of
fiscal Federalism, by Christine I. Wallich.--Note on privatization
in Georgia, by Avtandil Silagadze and Teimuraz Beridze.--Global
integration and the convergence of interests among key actors in
the West, Russia, Ukraine, and the Commonwealth of Independent
States, by John P. Hardt and Gretchen R. Rodkey.

Ellman, Michael. Scharrenborg, Robert.
The Russian financial panic and the IMF. Problems of post-
communism, v. 45, Sept.-Oct. 1998: 17-25.
Concludes that "thanks to the IMF, the Kirienko government will
narrowly survive the current economic crisis. But unless the
temporary reprieve is used to implement genuine reforms, another--
and probably worse--crisis looms on the horizon."
Completed on July 21, 1998, the article describes the
conditions of Russian banks, wage delays, corruption, and the need
for improvement in public finances.

Environmental financing in the Russian federation. Paris, Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1998. 114 p.
"This volume brings together papers from an OECD workshop that
assessed the challenges and opportunities of environmental financing
in Russia today. Its case studies focus on the regional and local
levels of government, which have taken over the main work of
implementing environmental policy in Russia today. The book also
looks at the water sector, which has traditionally required large
public investments. The papers examine how current financial
mechanisms can be used more effectively and consider opportunities
for new sources of financing in Russia's current transition to a
market economy."

Ericson, Richard E.
The future of market transformation and the Yeltsin succession.
Problems of post-Communism, v. 44, Nov.-Dec. 1997: 23-28.
"Judging by recent experience, the race to succeed Yeltsin will
likely eclipse efforts at economic reform. Furthermore, the
uncertainties about the policies of any potential victor make
direct speculation almost fruitless. However, three scenarios are
possible: successful marketization, corrupt corporatism, or a
resurrected Soviet-like economy."

Ferreira, Margarida Ponte.
The opening of Russia: an assessment of its impact on East-West
trade. Journal of world trade, v. 30, Apr. 1996: 83-89.
"This article intends to look into recent changes the Russian
foreign trade regime and to discuss possible implications for
East-West trade. In particular, it attempts to estimate the
proportion of actual trade that might be ascribed to trade policy
measures (policy effects) and compares these policy effects with
the changes that might result from a 'normalization' of
East-West economic relations (short-term trade potential)."

Fish, M. Steven.
The determinants of economic reform in the post-Communist world.
East European politics and societies, v. 12, winter 1998: 31-78.
Examines possible causes as to why some of the 26 formerly
Communist nations undertook economic reforms faster than the
others. "The evidence points clearly to the supreme importance of
a single political juncture: the outcome of the initial elections
held during the transition from Soviet-type socialism. The second
major section of the article investigates the causal logic
underlying the relationship between the initial elections and
subsequent economic reform and explicates the intervening variables
that link the two factors."

Frenkel, William G.
Legal protection against risks involved in doing business in the
Republics of the former U.S.S.R. (Commonwealth of Independent
States). International quarterly, v. 10, July 1998: 395-506.
Article discusses the various elements of risk when undertaking
business and trade relationships with the nations of the
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Focuses on contractual
safeguards, sales and countertrade agreements, licensing, joint
ventures, property rights, and labor rules.

Gaddy, Clifford.
No turning back? market reform and defense industry in Russia:
who's adjusting to whom? Brookings review, v. 14, summer 1996:
30-33.
"The biggest change for the defense industry in the past five
years has been market reform itself. Under the non-market,
`command-administrative' economic system of the Soviet Union,
defense enterprises enjoyed priority access to skilled and
disciplined workers, up-to-date technology, and reliable supplies
of other high-quality inputs. These inputs were allocated
administratively, without regard to their economic costs--that is,
their potential value to other sectors of the economy. Once market
reforms began to reveal the real cost of these inputs, the
advantages previously enjoyed by defense enterprises could not
survive."

-----
The price of the past: Russia's struggle with the legacy of a
militarized economy. Washington, Brookings Institution, 1996. 250 p.
Contents.--Introduction.--Measuring the militarized economy.--
The logic of a hypermilitarized economy.--Perestroika and the defense
industry.--The defense industry in the new Russia.--Responding to market
rules.--Labor force adjustment.--Defense enterprises as "company
towns."--Regional legacy and prospects.--The future.

Gaddy, Clifford G. Ickes, Barry W.
Russia's virtual economy. Foreign affairs, v. 77, Sept.-Oct. 1998:
53-67.
"What has emerged in Russia is a new kind of economic system
with its own rules and its own critera for success and failure.
The new system can be called Russia's virtual economy because it is
based on an illusion about almost every important parameter:
prices, sales, wages, taxes, and budgets. At its heart is the
pretense that the economy is much larger than it really is."

Gaidar, Yegor.
The IMF and Russia. American economic review, v. 87, May 1997:
13-16.
Former Russian prime minister criticizes International Monetary
Fund programs for Russia. Says the "IMF lost time when it was
possible and necessary to energetically support reforms and thus
condemned Russia to prolonged crisis and stagnation."

Glaeser, Edward L. Scheinkman, Jose A.
The transition to free markets: where to begin privatization.
Stanford, Calif., Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace,
1995. 27 p. (Working papers in economics E-95-1)
Claims that "it makes sense to privatize industries that will
be competitive and industries with a low elasticity of demand (when
uncertainty is about costs). Furthermore those industries with
large amounts of cost or demand uncertainty should be privatized
first . . . . Our informational model is supported by the
experience of privatization in Eastern Europe. Russia has been
unable to privatize retail trade (for a variety of political
reasons). As a result, information about market demand cannot flow
to upstream producers, and the entire society suffers."

Goldman, Marshall.
The pitfalls of Russian privatization. Challenge, v. 40, May-June
1997: 35-49.
"Privatization is not working in Russia, writes the author. But
it is making many well-placed Russians rich. How could it have been
handled better? Shock therapy was too bold."

Goldman, Marshall I.
Is this any way to create a market economy? Current history, v.
94, Oct. 1995: 305-310.
"Notes that previous efforts at reform in Russian history did
not succeed, and there is growing anger at Russia's present form of
`bastard' capitalism. It may be a market, but not one that most
societies would tolerate."

Gregory, Paul R.
Has Russia's transition really been such a failure? Problems of
post-communism, v. 44, Nov.-Dec. 1997: 13-22.
Says despite the fact that economic growth has not resumed
after five years of transition, "Russia has put in place many of
the necessary institutions. The country now has a constitution, a
civil code, a reasonably independent central bank, debt and equity
markets, a system of market prices, presidential elections, and so
on . . . . The major gaps that need to be closed are creating
property laws, an independent judiciary whose judgments are obeyed,
and reasonable tax codes that raise enough revenues for a
reasonably sized government."

Hass, Jeff.
Making markets: rationality, institutions, culture, and economic
change in Russia. Problems of post-communism, v. 44, July-Aug
1997: 44-52.
Suggests that economic transition is a complicated process
"shaped by people's rational behavior as shaped by rules and
mediated by culture. Transition is an economic creation, not
simply readjustment. Markets are created in a complex process of
learning, conflict, and confusion."

Hedlund, Stefan. Sundstrom, Niclas.
The Russian economy after systemic change. Europe-Asia studies, v.
48, Sept. 1996: 887-914.
Examines what has happened to the Russian economy since Jan. 2,
1992, when prices were liberalized. Examines such factors as
income distribution, privatization, inflation rates, and prospects
for the future.

Hoehmann, Hans-Hermann.
German-Russian economic relations--appraisal and perspectives.
Aussenpolitik, v. 46, first quarter 1995: 52-60.
Says that "hopes of comprehensively fostering economic
cooperation with the Federal Republic of Germany represented a key
motive in Gorbachev's policy of opening up to the West. Problems
since, however, have worsened. The difficulties associated with
the current situation of transition impede economic collaboration
with other countries to an even greater extent than the former
socialist system."

Hoehmann, Hans-Hermann. Meier, Christian.
Before and after Yeltsin's election on the prospects of Western
cooperation with Russia. Aussenpolitik, v. 47, no. 3, 1996:
263-273.
Article explains "the particular risks that Russia, its
detractors and its investors can expect as well as discussing the
political and economic prospects in general which are unfolding."

Hoehmann, Hans-Hermann. Meier, Christian.
The Halifax G7 summit and western assistance for Russia and the
Ukraine. Aussenpolitik, v. 47, first quarter 1996: 53-60.
Discusses the possible enlargement of the G7 economic
superpowers by including Russian participation. Also discusses
trends in foreign aid to Russia and Ukraine.

Hoehmann, Hans-Hermann. Meier, Christian.
Russia, "Summit of the Eight" and international economic
organisations. Aussenpolitik, v. 48, no. 4, 1997: 335-345.
"This year's World Economic Summit held in Denver/Colorado
between 20 and 22 June 1997 took place for the first time, as a
result of the extensive participation of Russia, as a `Summit of
the Eight'. As a `major democratic industrial state' the country
was involved in the discussion of a broadly-based economic and
political agenda, although there was a conference section during
which the previous seven summiteers remained on their own in order
to address international economic issues and to state their
positions on them in their own summit declaration."

Ickes, Barry W. Murrell, Peter. Ryterman, Randi.
End of the tunnel?: the effects of financial stabilization in
Russia. Post-Soviet affairs, v. 13, Apr.-June 1997: 105-133.
"In this article, we contend that the present stabilization in
Russia is not sufficient for a resumption of growth. Economic
recovery requires that enterprises invest in such growth-oriented
opportunities as restructuring and entry into new activities."

Johnson, Simon. Kaufmann, Daniel. Shleifer, Andrei.
The unofficial economy in transition. Brookings papers on economic
activity, no. 2, 1997: 159-239.
Presents evidence from Eastern Europe and other nations in
transition "on the effects of political control on the unofficial
economy. The following section focuses on the determinants of
growth. The next section revisits the data on stabilization. The
paper concludes with a discussion of the reform agenda of countries
in the former Soviet Union, as suggested by our empirical findings."

Kiewiet, D. Roderick. Myagkov, Mikhail G.
The emergence of the private sector in Russia: a financial market
perspective. Post-Soviet affairs, v. 14, Jan.-Mar. 1998: 23-47.
Contends that "the financial markets provide a clearer picture
of what is happening in Russia than alternative sources of
information, such as Western news reporters or official government
statistics." Examines the attitude of investors in the Russian
stock market which has moved sharply upward during the period of
Yeltsin's illnesses. Finds that investors "seem to be wagering
that it is the presence of quality human capital and developing
infrastructure that make Russia's economic prospects brighter than
they appear to most Western observers."

Korhonen, Iikka.
The sustainability of Russian fiscal policy. Review of economies
in transition, no. 1, 1998: 5-12.
"This paper briefly examines the sustainability of the Russian
fiscal policy. Russia has run quite large general government
deficits during the transition years. Some simple simulations show
that the present policies are not sustainable in the medium-term,
unless economic growth accelerates significantly and real interest
rate declines. If these positive developments do not materialize,
Russia must tighten her fiscal policy."

Krushelnycky, Askold.
The visible hand. Transitions, v. 5, June 1998: 38-41.
Discusses current economic conditions in Russia. Says the
country "is saddled with a corruption-riddled bureaucracy that is
largely hostile to reform and sees any change of the status quo as
disadvantageous. Bureaucrats have little motivation to support
policies that would eliminate their own jobs . . . . The new prime
minister's first priority is to improve an abysmal tax collection
rate, which by many estimates generates less than 60 percent of the
revenues that should be channeled into government coffers."

Leitzel, Jim.
Lessons of the Russian economic transition. Problems of post-
communism, v. 44, Jan.-Feb. 1997: 49-57.
"Standard yardsticks may not be effective for measuring or
understanding the Russian economy. Russia's success often comes
from using local substitutes for Western policies and institutions.
Now Moscow must nourish its gains and curb scofflaws."

Malmgren, Harald B.
Dark clouds over Russia? International economy, v. 12, Jan.-Feb.
1998: 30-33.
Says that "until Russia has a widely established rule of law
and Western-style credit system with far greater transparency, the
country will remain vulnerable to the Asian plague. But it will
take time to train a new generation of accountants, financial
analysts, credit officers, lawyers, and especially judges; until
then, the situation will be precarious. One way out for Russia
would be to let foreign corporations and investment banks play a
far larger role inside the Russian economy during the next phases
of economic transition."

Mau, Vladimir.
The road to Perestroika: economics in the USSR and the problems of
reforming the Soviet economic order. Europe-Asia studies, v. 48,
Mar. 1996: 207-224.
Attempts "to identify and analyse the process of formation of
the intellectual foundations for the reformist course which
Gorbachev attempted to pursue and which ultimately led to the
destruction of the communist system . . . . We shall begin our
analysis with the economic debates at the turn of the 1950s and
1960s, when Soviet economists were dealing with the problems of an
economic system which had already reached maturity."

McHugh, David.
Yeltsin lays down a new 12-point plan. Russia review, v. 5, Feb.
27, 1998: 24.
"The plan outlines solutions for Russia's economic problems and
includes the names of those responsible for implementing them."

McIntyre, Robert.
Regional stabilisation policy under transitional period conditions
in Russia: price controls, regional trade barriers and other local-
level measures. Europe-Asia studies, v. 50, July 1998: 859-871.
"This article explores differences in the economic and social
policies adopted at the local level which attempted to buffer the
negative effects of national-level `shock' policies by creating
market-mediating structures. Several regions are considered, but
the widely noted `anti-reform' case of Ulyanovsk during the 1990-97
period is emphasised."
Foresees the "adoption of certain features of the Chinese
reform path, specifically the rise of some form of local social
ownership of small and medium-sized productive enterprises."

Menshikov, Stanislav.
Russia's economic policy--suggestions for an alternative.
Transition, v. 8, Apr. 1997: 13-16.
"To help economic recovery, besides eliminating legislative and
administrative barriers facing foreign investments, government
investment should be increased as part of a well-formulated
industrial policy. The government should invest in enterprises, or
jointly with enterprises, on the basis of profit-sharing deals that
would provide fast added revenue to the budget."
Includes critical comments by David Gisselquist (The World Bank
Should Prioritize Recovery).

Mieszkowski, Peter. Soligo, Ronald.
Economic change in Russia: 1985-95. Problems of post-communism, v.
43, May-June 1996: 23-37.
"Until it is complete, Russia's transition to a market economy
cannot be judged a success or a failure. In the meantime, a
relative evaluation can be made by comparing the Russian experience
with that of Poland, Czechoslovakia, or Hungary. Like Russia,
Hungary has followed a more gradual approach, while Poland and
Czechoslovakia chose variants of shock therapy."

Peach, Gary.
Investing in Russia in 1998. Russia review, v. 5, Jan. 30, 1998:
14-17.
"Every year the job gets more difficult. After three straight
years of stupefying returns on international equity markets, during
which the Dow Jones doubled, and more to the point, The Moscow Times
Index catapulted 320 percent, stocks from around the world have
reached unfathomable highs."

Peuch, Jean-Christophe.
Caspian Sea oil: the role of private corporations. Fletcher forum
of world affairs, v. 22, summer/fall 1998: 27-41.
"In a policy paper published by the Russian Foreign Ministry in
early 1997, experts stated that the two top priorities should be
`to consolidate Russia's role as a great power and one of the
centers of the multi-polar world that is taking shape' and `to
defend Russia's territorial integrity' . . . . This article will
show how the Kremlin's policy has, until now, prevented the
successful development of Russian private energy business in the
Caspian basin. The second section will demonstrate how the U.S.
administration has pushed for the interests of major American oil
corporations in the region and shows to what extent private
business has influenced U.S. foreign policy toward the oil-rich NIS
of the former Soviet Union (FSU)."

Popova, Tatiana.
The cultural consequences of Russian reform. Review of economies
in transition, no. 4, 1997: 23-39.
"Numerous economic and social problems emerging from transition
in Russia highlight the nearsightedness of current economic reform
policies. Moves such as liberation of culture from direct state
control are clearly for the better, but overall, the reforms have
had a negative impact on Russian cultural life."

Powell, Bill.
The Capitalist Czars: the business elite who could be the post-
Soviet economy's best hope. Newsweek, v. 129, Mar. 17, 1997: 30-32.
Profiles newly emerging Russian economic leaders.

Rao, Sujata.
Is a bailout in store? Russia review, v. 5, July 3, 1998: 14.
"The G-7 did not rush to rescue Russia from its latest market
tumult, choosing to offer moral support instead of money. But some
traders see disaster ahead if help isn't forthcoming."

A regional approach to industrial restructuring in the Tomsk region,
Russian federation. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development, 1998. 509 p.
"Provides an overview of the Tomsk regional economy and its main
sectors, with an examination of key regional and federal policy
issues, and investment provisions."

Review of agricultural policies: Russian federation. Paris,
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1998. 279 p.
In a comprehensive assessment of Russian agricultural policies
since 1991, finds that "while significant progress has been made in
liberalising the economy, difficulties remain in the agro-food
sector. Russia has enormous economic potential and the
agricultural economy will continue to form a significant part of
Russia's economic and social structure well into the 21st century.
But to fulfill this potential, Russia needs to facilitate the
development and implementation of effective market mechanisms and
to eliminate the structural barriers that are impeding the emergence
of a strong and competitive agro-food sector."

Rogov, S. M. (Sergei Mikhailovich)
Russia: the difficult road to a market economy. Alexandria, VA,
Center for Naval Analyses, [1996] 52 p.
"CIM 493/December 1996."

Russia and Eurasia. Current history, v. 93, Oct. 1994: whole issue
(305-351 p.)
Contents.--Seems like old times? Russia's place in the world,
by Yuri N. Afanasyev.--America's Russia policy: the triumph of
neglect, by Jerry F. Hough.--Russian politics: the calm before the
storm? by Michael McFaul.--Aftershock in Russia's economy, by Padma
Desai.--Vladimir Zhirinovsky, the unholy fool, by Mark Yoffe.--
Nationalism and the legacy of empire, by Mark N. Katz.--The
Baltics: three states, three fates, by Paul A. Goble.--Belarus: you
can't go home again? by Ustina Markus.-- Moldova after
independence, by William Crowther.

Russia: no turning back? International spectator, v. 32, Jan.-Mar.
1997: whole issue (98 p.).
Contents.--Russia after five years, by Silvana Malle.--Business
lobbies in contemporary Russia, by Peter Rutland.--How many
Russias? Russia's regions and their adjustment to economic change,
by Philip Hanson.--Pipelines to prosperity? by Sarah J. Lloyd.--
Landscape after the battle: rethinking democracy in Russia, by
Sergei Medvedev.--Russia and NATO: expansion and coexistence? by
Allen C. Lynch.--Maastricht watch, by Flaminia Gall.

Russia's foreign trade: new directions and western policies. World
economy, v. 21, Jan. 1998: 95-119.

Russia's newest revolution: special report. World & I, v. 12, Nov.
1997: 56-77.
Series of articles examines the current state of Russia's
economy.

Rutland, Peter.
Russia's unsteady entry into the global economy. Current history,
v. 95, Oct. 1996: 322-329.
States that "the Russian economy is experiencing a structural
collapse that dwarfs the Great Depression in the U.S., and the
turnaround is not in sight." The agricultural sector "remains
almost entirely unreformed," industrial output continues to drop,
and government revenue sources have eroded. Examines trends in
Russia's foreign trade, particularly the export boom to the West.

Schleifer, Andrei. Treisman, Daniel.
The economics and politics of transition to an open market economy:
Russia. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development, 1998. 84 p.
Partial contents.--Economic transition in Russia.--Russia's
struggle with inflation.--Stakeholders and the politics of
stabilisation.-- Stakeholders in privatisation.--Conclusion:
stakeholders in the Russian reform.

Shama, Avraham.
Inside Russia's true economy. Foreign policy, no. 123, summer 1996:
111-127.

Shlykov, Vitaly V.
The crisis in the Russian economy. Carlisle Barracks, Pa.,
Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1997. 18 p.
"Defense conversion in the West is . . . a diffuse activity
. . . . Nothing like this has happened in Russia so far . . . . The
failure to comprehend these fundamental differences between the
economic systems of Russia and the rest of the industrial world
explains the excessive optimism of the Western public and
politicians about the prospects of market reform and
demilitarization in Russia. Unfortunately, the difficulties of
dismantling a structurally militarized economy have been ignored."

Transforming post-communist political economies. Edited by Joan M.
Nelson, Charles Tilly, and Lee Walker. Task Force on Economies in
Transition, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and
Education, National Research Council. Washington, National Academy
Press, 1997. 514 p.

Treisman, Daniel S.
Fighting inflation in a transitional regime: Russia's anomalous
stabilization. World politics, v. 50, Jan. 1998: 235-265.
Examines Russia's economic challenges in the early 1990s, during
which the economy failed to stabilize in 1992-94, but where
stringent monetary and fiscal retrenchment in 1995 led to extremely
low inflation rates.

Van Selm, B.
The economics of Soviet break-up. London; New York, Routledge,
1997. 161 p. (Routledge studies of societies in transition; 1)

Van Selm, Bert.
Economic performance in Russia's regions. Europe-Asia studies, v.
50, June 1998: 603-618.
Provides data that show the economic performance rankings of
Russia's different regions in an attempt to determine whether
economic differences among the regions are increasing or
decreasing. In terms of economic performance, finds that "regions
with the right industries did better than regions with the wrong
industries."

Waggener, Thomas R. Backman, Charles A.
Russian trade links with China: research report on forest products.
Post-Soviet geography and economics, v. 38, no. 1, 1997: 47-58.

Wedel, Janine R.
The Harvard boys do Russia. Nation, v. 266, June 1, 1998: 11-16.
Writes that officials of Harvard University's Institute for
International Development (H.I.I.D.) "acquired virtual carte blanche
over the U.S. economic aid program to Russia, with minimal oversight
by the government agencies involved. With this access and their
close alliance with Chubais and his circle, they allegedly profited
on the side. Yet few Americans are aware of H.I.I.D.'s role in
Russian privatization, and its suspected misuse of taxpayers'
funds."

Wegren, Stephen K. Belen'kiy, Vladimir R.
The political economy of the Russian land market. Problems of post-
communism, v. 45, July-Aug. 1998: 56-66.
Says "political, psychological, demographic, economic, and
financial factors that affect the land market in Russia have
hindered its transformative potential. The result has been a land
market in which leasing, not land purchases, dominate and extremely
small plots of land are the primary object of land transactions.
To understand the transformative potential of the land market, this
article assesses its nature and development. The article also
examines the Saratov land law, enacted in November 1997, as a
possible model for all Russia."

Westin, Peter.
Comparative advantage and characteristics of Russia's trade with
the European Union. Review of economies in transition, no. 2,
1998: 5-30.
Examines recent trade trends between Russia and the European
Union. "Although Russian exports since 1992 have increased in terms
of variety, the development in manufacturing exports is
disappointing, especially with regard to light manufacturing and
consumer goods. And not surprisingly Russia reveals a comparative
advantage in minerals and metals. The level of intra-industry trade
between Russia and the EU remains low and there is no sign of an
increase; the opposite pattern from that of the Central European
countries. On the whole this study shows that there are no clear
signs of changes to the structure of foreign trade between Russia
and the EU."

Whalen, Jeanne.
Surgut holds its own is a slippery market. Russia review, v. 5,
July 3, 1998: 20-21.
"Despite its secretiveness and old-fashioned ways, Russia's
third-largest oil company is one of the most profitable and stable
in the country."

Whitmore, Brian.
Is an economic renaissance coming to St. Petersburg? Russia
review, v. 4, Aug. 25, 1997: 8-13.
"St. Petersburg's recent history has been one of disappointed
expectations. Former mayor Sobchak repeatedly proclaimed his
intention to make the city the banking and financial capital of the
new Russia, yet a myopic protection of the city's banks resulted in
stagnation and disaster rather than growth . . . . Yet in the
past three months, there have been signs of revival."

Will wage arrears continue in Russia? Transition, v. 9, Apr. 1998: 6-8.
"Wage arrears began to grow rapidly in mid-1995. In the midst
of faltering state authority and the collapse of contractual
obligations and their enforcement, the government resorted to more
wage cuts, enterprises withheld tax and wage payments, and local
governments diverted federal funds earmarked for employee
remuneration."

Yavlinsky, Grigory.
Russia's phony capitalism. Foreign affairs, v. 77, May-June 1998:
67-79.
Says that reforms are needed for Russia to avoid "corporatist,
criminal-style capitalism." Says "the most important step is to
separate business from political power in order to fight corruption
. . . . The present system of economic management, where most large
enterprises are run by insiders who disregard the owners' rights,
must be radically reformed . . . . Free competition must be
promoted by encouraging small and medium-sized businesses and by
removing the red tape and excessive regulation that stands in their
way."

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Allensworth, Wayne.
Derzhavnost: Aleksandr Lebed's vision for Russia. Problems of post-
communism, v. 45, Mar.-Apr. 1998: 51-58.
"Lebed's vision combines Russian nationalism's great-power
statism with populist elements while remaining free of the
expansionist rhetoric of Vladimir Zhirinovskii or neo-communist
nostalgia."

Aron, Leon.
The remarkable rise of democratic Russia. Weekly standard, v. 3,
Apr. 20, 1998: 23-29.
Examines recent governmental trends in Russia.

Belin, Laura. Orttung, Robert W.
The Russian parliamentary elections of 1995: the battle for the
Duma. Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe, 1997. 203 p.
"This study of the 1995 Duma elections examines: the new rules
of the game in democratic Russia and the debate over the electoral
law; Russia's complicated system of parliamentary representation;
the staying power of Russia's numerous political parties and the
stablity of the party system; the conduct of the campaign,
including platforms and candidate strategies; [and] the roles of
money and the media."

Blank, Stephen. Kaplan, Morton.
Russia's uncertain future. World & I, v. 12, Nov. 1997: 291-313.
"Blank argues that Russia's present-day foreign policy is
indeed hegemonic, imperialist, and antidemocratic, and stems from
the country's internal political forces and struggles . . . .
Kaplan argues that, instead of simply viewing Russia as a hegemonic
threat, Blank should have given an account of why NATO expansion is
not the solution to this problem."

Borer, Douglas A.
War loss and political reform: an ongoing pattern in Russian
history. Studies in conflict and terrorism, v. 20, Oct.-Dec.:
345-369.
"This paper argues that the collapse of the Soviet state in
1991 was part of a distinct and ongoing pattern in Russian history
in which each major alteration of the political fabric of Russia has
been accompanied by a loss in an interstate conflict."

Brandenberger, D. L. Dubrovsky, A. M.
The people need a tsar: the emergence of national Bolshevism as
Stalinist ideology, 1931-1941. Europe-Asia studies, v. 50, July
1998: 873-892.
Presents historical background on the Russian revolution and
the establishment of the Soviet State.

Breslauer, George W.
Political succession and the nature of political competition in
Russia. Problems of post-communism, v. 44, Sept.-Oct. 1997: 32-37.
"Political succession in Russia has definite rules, although
the temptation for politicians to violate them is great. Issue
polarization is muted within the electorate, if not among the
politicians, who seek both to criticize the incumbent and to
differentiate themselves from one another. Whether this tenuous
balance can long survive internal or internal shocks remains to be
seen."

Brudny, Yitzhak M.
In pursuit of the Russian presidency: why and how Yeltsin won the
1996 presidential election. Communist and post-communist studies,
v. 30, Sept. 1997: 255-275.
"This article seeks to explain why Boris Yeltsin was able to
win [the] 1996 Russian presidential election despite prolonged
economic crisis and the war in Chechnya. The paper advances the
argument which emphasizes Yeltsin's ability to recreate political
and social alliances which were crucial to his previous electoral
successes, on the one hand, and poor electoral strategy and
political beliefs of Yeltsin's main challenger, the head of the
Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov, on the
other. In particular, the paper highlights Yeltsin's campaign
strategy of turning the election into a referendum on communism
rather than on his own record and the success of his two candidates
only strategy."

Brusstar, James H.
The Russian military's role in politics. Washington, National
Defense University, 1995. 69 p. (McNair paper no. 34, January
1995)
Contents.--The military's response to the USSR's center-
periphery crisis.--The military and the union treaty.--The military
and the August 1991 Coup.--The military and the demise of the
USSR.--The military and Russia's center-periphery problem.--The
military and Russia's legislative-executive struggle.

Busygina-Thraenert, Irina.
Russia: difficulties in establishing a federation. Aussenpolitik,
v. 46, no. 3, 1995: 253-262.
"The Soviet Union was an empire in which many peoples--often
against their will--lived together . . . . The largest and most
important successor state, Russia, is now for its part a
multinational state. Consequently, observers have occasionally
asked whether Russia too might not, sooner or later, experience the
fate of the former USSR."

Carnaghan, Ellen.
Alienation, apathy, or ambivalence?: "Don't Knows" and democracy
in Russia. Slavic review, v. 55, summer 1996: 325-363.
"Russian citizens have been asked to evaluate their political
leaders, to project their nation's future, and to offer opinions on
emerging democratic and market systems. Many Russians have
responded to this barrage of questions with `I don't know.'"

Chafetz, Glenn.
The struggle for a national identity in post-Soviet Russia.
Political science quarterly, v. 111, winter 1996-1997: 661-688.
Assesses recent political developments in Russia.

Cohen, Ariel. Volk, Evgueini.
Yeltsin's gambit: political crisis in Moscow. Washington, Heritage
Foundation, 1998. 2 p. (Executive memorandum no. 522)
"On March 23, 1998, Russian President Boris Yeltsin sacked his
entire government. Yeltsin appointed a political rookie, 35-year-
old Minister of Energy Sergei Kirienko, as Acting Prime Minister,
replacing a five-year veteran Viktor Chernomyrdin, aged 59. First
Deputy Prime Minister Anatoly Chubais, a leading economic reformer,
was fired by special presidential decree and will not return to the
new cabinet. Yeltsin apparently decided to keep others, including
Minister of Foreign Affairs Yevgenii Primakov and Minister of
Defense Marshal Igor Sergeev." Considers implications of this
action.

Coker, Margaret.
Is the Duma fighting the need for reform? Russia review, v. 5,
Aug. 14, 1998: 12-16.
"After the Duma killed parts of the government's plan, the IMF
reduced its bailout loan. Will the new plan be enough to break
Russia's fall?"

Coleman, Fred.
Was Boris a bad bet? U.S. news & world report, v. 121, Sept. 30,
1996: 46-47.
"While acknowledging that the West's ability to influence
Russia is limited. Russian analysts nonetheless point to crucial
blunders where the United States failed to exercise its leverage to
encourage institutional and legal reform. Worst of all was the
failure to build a broad political consensus. They say U.S. support
should have gone both to Yeltsin and to other reformers in
parliament, the regions and even opposition parties. Such a
conensus could have pushed Yeltsin to remain on a more democratic
track and, at the same time, helped groom a genuine democratic
successor."

Cooper, Mary H.
Russia's political future: will voters turn the clock back in June?
CQ researcher, v. 6, May 3, 1996: whole issue (385-408 p.)
"Russia's upcoming presidential election, on June 16, will
largely be a referendum on President Boris N. Yeltsin's program of
economic and political reforms. In the five years since the
Soviet Union collapsed, the bumpy transition from a state-
controlled to a market economy has benefited relatively few
Russians, leaving the vast majority of the population either no
better off or even less prosperous than they were under communism.
Yeltsin's main challenger, Communist Party leader Gennadi A.
Zyuganov, is appealing to the nostalgia and resentment of Russia's
weary electorate by promising to restore the Soviet empire--and
communism--as well as to reimpose state control over large
industries. Yeltsin, meanwhile, has been backtracking on his
reform program, casting doubts on his commitment to democratic
change."

Cornell, Svante E.
The unruly Caucasus. Current history, v. 96, Aug. 1997: 341-347.
"Russia's policy in the Caucasus is confused, sometimes
contradictory, and often destabilizing. It has failed to dampen
ethnic tensions [and] has contributed to anti-Russian feelings."

The Cossacks: a super-ethos in Russia's ribs. Economist, v. 341, Dec.
21, 1996: 21-24.
Discusses the Coassack revival in Russia today and considers
implications of this phenomenon.

Dobson, Richard B.
Russians choose a president: results of focus group discussions.
Washington, U.S. Information Agency, 1996. 20 p.
"This report examines what Russians want Russia to become and
how they view the candidates campaigning for the presidency. It is
based on focus group discussions conducted in towns and villages
across Russia in April and May 1996. Comparisons are made with
similar discussions held at the end of 1995."

Does Russian democracy have a future? Edited by Stephen J. Blank and
Earl H. Tilford, Jr. Carlisle Barracks, Pa., Strategic Studies
Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1994. 162 p.
Contents.--The impact of the parliamentary elections on Russian
democracy, by Stephen J. Blank.--The Russian elections and the
future of military-to-military contacts: the specter of Zhirinovsky,
by Jacob W. Kipp.--The impact of the Russian elections on civil-
military relations, by Thomas M. Nichols.--Russia's crisis of
evolving statehood: the impact of the new constitution and the
parliamentary elections, by Jessica Eve Stem.--The United States and
a resurgent Russia: a new Cold War or a balance of power recast? by
Ilya Prizel.

Ferguson, Rob.
Will democracy strike back? Workers and politics in the Kuzbass.
Europe-Asia studies, v. 50, May 1998: 445-468.
Examines the influence of the miners in the Kuzbass region of
Russia.

Fish, M. Steven.
The pitfalls of Russian superpresidentialism. Current history, v.
96, Aug. 1997: 326-330.
"Russia's `superpresidentialism'--despite the strength it
ostensibly derives from its powers of command, its enormous
bureaucratic machinery, and the pomp and glitter that adorn it--
lives in constant danger of destruction and replacement or, at best,
slow degeneration and decline."

Gregor, A. James.
Fascism and the new Russian nationalism. Communist and post-
communist studies, v. 31, Mar. 1998: 1-15.
"This article provides a broad comparison between Italian
Fascism and the new nationalism that has arisen in post-Soviet
Russia. The focus is on that nationalism which has, in the
immediate past, merged with what used to be the Marxism-Leninism of
the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The ideas of
Gennadii Ziuganov, leader of the CPRF, are traced to Sergei
Kurginian and Alexander Prokhanov and compared to those of the
ideologues of historic Fascism."

Grodeland, Ase B. Koshechkina, Tatyana Y. Miller, William L.
`Foolish to give and yet more foolish not to take'--in-depth
interviews with post-communist citizens on their everyday use of
bribes and contacts. Europe-Asia studies, v. 50, June 1998: 651-
677.
Traces political corruption throughout Russian history.
Examines the use of bribery in the governments of some of the
former Soviet states.

Hausmaninger, Herbert.
Towards a "new" Russian constitutional court. Cornell
international law journal, v. 28, spring 1995: 349-386.
Article "examines the reform legislation concerning
constitutional adjudication introduced by President Yeltsin in the
new Russian Constitution of December 1993 . . . [and] evaluates
the new structure, functions, and future prospects of the `new'
Russian Constitutional Court."

Knight, Amy.
Is the old KGB still in power? Washington quarterly, v. 20, winter
1997: 59-74.
"One of the greatest obstacles to achieving a democratic system
of government in Russia is that Russian society has not attempted
to come to terms with its past. Unlike Eastern European countries,
which underwent the traumatic and chaotic experience of ridding
themselves of the legacy of Communist repression, Russia has yet to
address the problem of past injustices. No one has been held
accountable for the gross violations of individual rights that
occurred during the Soviet period."

Kramer, Michael.
Exclusive: rescuing Boris. Time, v. 148, July 15, 1996: 28-37.
"The secret story of how four U.S. advisers used polls, focus
groups, negative ads and all the other techniques of American
campaigning to help Boris Yeltsin win."

Lane, David.
The transformation of Russia: the role of the political elite.
Europe-Asia studies, v. 48, June 1996: 535-549.
"Explores the political orientations of the political elite in
the transition under President Yeltsin in Russia between 1991 and
1993 and compares them with developments which occurred under
Gorbachev in the 1985 to 1991 period. Finally, distinctions are
drawn between the process of transition to capitalism and democracy
in Russia and in other countries."

Layard, Richard. Parker, John.
Is Russia different? Across the board, v. 34, May 1997: 30-35.
"Russia stands on the brink--or is it a precipice? Two Russia
hands explain how its historical antecedents provide leads to
various plausible futures."

Leaderless Russia. Economist, v. 342, Jan. 18, 1997: 47-48.
"The continuing bad health of Russia's president may mean
another election--sooner rather than later."

Lieven, Anatol.
Freedom and anarchy: Russia stumbles toward the twenty-first
century. Washington quarterly, v. 20, winter 1997: 41-58.
"The very weakness of the Russian state poses many threats,
above all in the area of crime and smuggling."

Lynn, Nicholas J. Fryer, Paul.
National-territorial change in the republics of the Russian north.
Political geography, v. 17, May 1998: 567-588.
"This paper examines how the republics of the Russian North
(Karelia, Komi and Sakha-Yakutia) have begun to construct national
development strategies as `sovereign' territorial sub-units within
the post-Soviet Russian Federation. This paper highlights the
important role that boundaries and peripheries have played in the
institutionalisa- tion of ethnicty in these former autonomous
republics of the Russian Union republic of the USSR."

Malia, Martin.
Party hearty: return of the apparatchiks. New republic, v. 214,
May 27, 1996: 25-27.
Asserts that the election in Russia highlights the same problem
which has existed in other former communist countries; the change
from communism has been painful for many of the people therefore
modernized Communists offering a broad `safety net' become promising
candidates.

Matlock, Jack F., Jr.
Dealing with a Russia in turmoil. Foreign affairs, v. 75, May-June
1996: 38-51.
"Moscow with a Soviet hangover tests the patience even of those
who most wish to engage it. As Chechnya festers, privatization
lags, and the world contemplates the possibility of a communist
president in the Kremlin dreaming of empire, some ridicule the
notion of partnership. Russian chauvinists paint America as the
enemy, but the interests of the two countries after the Cold War are
compatible. The West should focus its attention--and Russia's--on
common interests like nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, regional
peace, and full participation in the world economy. America should
deal rationally with irrationalities in a nation finding its way."

Matlock, Jack F., Jr.
The struggle for the Kremlin. New York review of books, v. 43,
Aug. 8, 1996: 28-34.
"Yeltsin had once again maneuvered himself to victory against
what had seemed unsurmountable odds."

McAllister, Ian. Rose, Richard. White, Stephen.
Communists, privilege, and postcommunism in Russia. International
politics, v. 34, Mar. 1997: 79-95.
"The authors find that the end of Communist Party rule was of a
type leaving elites intact, enabling them to control the amount and
rate of systemic change."

McFaul, Michael.
Russia's `privatized' state as an impediment to democratic
consolidation, part 1. Security dialogue, v. 29, June 1998:
191-199.
"Elites, commentators, and the public at large have grown
noticeably more disenchanted with the Russian government and more
pessimistic about Russia's future since the conclusion of the
presidential election in July 1996. The magnitude of the wage
arrears problem, coupled with the government's inability to collect
taxes and the lack of economic growth, has fueled speculation of
impending social upheaval. Though often unreported, wildcat strikes
have continued throughout the country since the presidential vote.
Unrest in the military also looms as a threat to stability."

-----
Why Russia's politics matter. Foreign affairs, v. 74, Jan.-Feb.
1995: 87-99.
"The neoliberal economic and political models used by Western
analysts to explain Russia's recent transformation ignore the
interrelationship between the economy and politics. Russia is in
the midst of a social revolution. Economic reform without political
reform--as attempted by Yegor Gaidar--will fail. Prime Minister
Viktor Chernomyrdin's policies have met with some success because of
accompanying political changes. This interrelated pattern of reform
must continue."

Mendras, Marie
Interpreting the Russian elections: Yeltsin and the great divide
in Russian society-Feature story. East European constitutional
review, v. 5, spring-summer 1996: 51-57.
Analyzes the significance of Russia's 1996 election results.
"The results confirmed the deep chasm that divides Russia. . . .
During the last several years, social inequality and geographic
differentiation have grown larger. This internal divide in
Russian society is the prinicipal message which voters sought to
get across to their leaders."

Miller, Donna R.
Unconstitutional democracy: ends vs. means in Boris Yeltsin's
Russia. Transnational law & contemporary problems, v. 4, fall 1994:
873-905.
"On September 22, 1993 Russian President Boris Yeltsin
unilaterally dissolved the Russian Parliament: the international
community responded with near unanimous support for his action
. . . . This Study summarizes President Yeltsin's dissolution of
the Russian Parliament. Part II presents the internal and external
international reaction to this event [and] . . . establishes the
factors useful in assessing whether the international community will
support the displacement of a popularly elected government."

Moser, Robert G.
The impact of parliamentary electoral systems in Russia. Post-
Soviet affairs, v. 13, July-Sept. 1997: 284-302.
The author argues that "proportional representation has
strengthened political parties, whereas plurality elections have
fostered an influx of independent candidates that has undermined the
role of parties."

Nagorski, Andrew. Watson, Russell.
Born again. Newsweek, v. 128, July, 15, 1996: 30-33.
"Yeltsin has four more years, if he can live that long. But his
health is uncertain and his direction unclear. The succession
struggle has already begun."
Nogee, Joseph L. Mitchell, R. Judson.
Russian politics: the struggle for a new order. Boston, Allyn and
Bacon, 1997. 200 p.
Partial contents.--The Soviet system.--The beginning of
reform.-- Perestroika on trial.--Dissolution of the U.S.S.R.--
Russia's politics: the struggle for reform.--Commonwealth of
independent states.--Russia's foreign policy.--The prospects for
democracy.

Ordeshook, Peter C.
Russia's party system: is Russian federalism viable? Post-Soviet
affairs, v. 12, July-Sept. 1996: 195-217.
"Despite constitutional assertions that it is a federation, the
issue of whether Russia can or should be federal is another matter
. . . . There is little doubt, then, that federal relations will
remain a vexing issue in Russia's transition to democracy."

Party politics in post-communist Russia. Journal of communist studies
and transition politics, v. 14, Mar.-June 1998: whole issue
(269 p.).
Partial contents.--Party development in the regions: when did
parties start to play a part in politics? by Ruth Brown.--Party
platforms: towards a definition of the Russian political spectrum,
by Sarah Oates.--Ideology, uncertainty and the rise of anti-system
parties in post-communist Russia, by Stephen E. Hanson.--
Classifying Russia's Party system: the problem of `relevance' in a
time of uncertainty, by Neil Robinson.--Should party in parliament
be weak or strong? the rules debate in the Russian State Duma, by
Moshe Haspel.

Peach, Gary.
Transforming the General. Russia review, v. 5, July 3, 1998: 39.
"Alexander Lebed has changed. Gone are the rough edges; the bite and bark of the rebel are tamed. Can this newly emerged political swan fly to greater heights of popularity?"

Phillips, R. Stuart.
Aleksandr Lebed: soldier, statesman, President. World affairs, v.
159, winter 1997: 109-112.
"Recent events suggest that Lebed, former national security
advisor and secretary of the Security Council, is attempting to
forge a new constituency of `pragmatic patriots,' appealing to a
cross-section of moderates and conservatives whose ideology blends
basic economic tenets of liberal democracy with a strong sense of
traditional Russian nationalism."

Pipes, Richard.
Russia's past, Russia's future. Commentary, v. 101, June 1996:
30-38.
"Russia in the last few years has been a great disappointment to
those of us who, after the collapse of the Soviet regime, had
expected the country to embark on a slow, probably uneven, but still
irreversible course of Westernization. What we had in mind was the
path followed, in various ways, by the Baltic states, the Czech
Republic, Poland, and Hungary, all of which had also been recently
liberated from Communism."

Rainone, Zebulon T.
Democracy stalled: evaluating the Russian Federation today. East
European quarterly, v. 32, June 1998: 269-280.
"As the Soviet Union began to come apart at the seams, the
various Union republics, starting with the Baltics, began to seek
political independence from the greater Soviet Union. The Russian
Republic was forced to cope with these new realities and seek its
own path toward modern political independence and a redefinition of
its political and social structure."

Razuvaev, V. V.
Power in Russia: the bureaucratic dimension. Russian politics and
law, v. 34, May-June 1996: 6-25.
Discusses the composition of Russia's high level bureaucratic
elite today.

Remnick, David.
Can Russia change? Foreign affairs, v. 76, Jan.-Feb. 1997: 35-49.
"Russia's era of romantic democracy is over. Boris Yeltsin's
victory in the 1996 elections marked the rise of a new class of
oligarchs who have profited from post-Cold War chaos. But
Westerners who predict a return to authoritarianism and cultural
stagnation overlook how far Russia has come since the late 1980s.
and how it has opened to the world. It is not the Soviet Union,
nor the land of the czars. In the short term, most Russians cannot
hope for much, especially from their leaders. But with its
political reforms, 98 percent privatized economy, and educated,
urban population, Russia has a great deal going for it--maybe more
than China."

Ruble, Blair A.
The rise of Moscow, Inc. Wilson quarterly, v. 22, spring 1998:
81-87.
Describes the efforts of Moscow's tough mayor, Yuri Luzhkov.
"It is the rough-hewn Luzhkov's brightly lit Moscow, the new
Moscow, the home base of Moscow, Inc. that is lighting up post-
Soviet Russia. His city, the corrupt but gritty `city that works,'
seems at times almost an elemental force of nature, crude but
powerful. It is Moscow--not the more reform-minded, more decorous
St. Petersburg--that mesmerizes. And it is Moscow, perhaps, that
is defining Russia's future."

Russia drifts: Europe could be heading for a storm. Economist, v. 340,
Sept. 28, 1996: 20.
"While Mr. Yeltsin's team concentrates the president's limited
energies on the economic front, Russia is drifting dangerously
close to trouble elsewhere. Sensitive to Russian nationalist
feeling, before the election Mr. Yeltsin several times put off a
planned visit to Ukraine to sort out the vexed division of the
former Soviet Black Sea fleet and the sharing of its Ukranian home
port, Sebastopol."

Russia: what's next? World & I, v. 11, Sept. 1996: 22-43.
"Boris Yeltsin's reelection as president raises as many
questions as it answers about Russia's uncertain future."

Contents.--A democratic social contract, by Carl Linden.--A new
economic plan, by Keith Bush.--The U.S.-Russia relationship, by
Richard F. Staar.

Russia's demographic "crisis." Santa Monica, Calif., Rand, 1996.
205 p.
Contents.--Family, fertility, and demographic dynamics in
Russia: analysis and forecast, by Anatoly G. Vishnevsky.--Fertility
decline and recent changes in Russia: on the threshold of the second
demographic transition.--Family planning and induced abortion in
post-Soviet Russia of the early 1990s: unmet needs in information
supply, by Andrej A. Popov.--The Russian epidemiolgoical crisis as
mirrored by mortality trends, by Vladimir M. Shkolnikov and France
Mesle.--The crisis of Russian health care and attempts at reform,
by Boris A. Rozenfeld.--The determinants and implications of an
aging population in Russia, by Sergei A. Vassin.

Rutland, Peter.
Yeltsin: the problem, not the solution. National interest, no. 49,
fall 1997: 30-39.
"Both positive and negative trends in Russia are much obscured
by the West's fixation on the personality and power of Boris
Yeltsin."

Sezer, Duygu Bazoglu.
From hegemony to pluralism: the changing politics of the Black Sea.
SAIS review, v. 17, winter-spring 1997: 1-30.
"Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Black Sea
region has evolved from a closed to an open system. Russian,
Ukrainian, and Turkish interests interact in an environment
increasingly characterized by pluralism. Long-simmering tensions
in the Caucasus and competition for oil profits have implications
going far beyond the region."

Shevtsova, Lilia.
Dilemmas of post-communist Russia. Security dialogue, v. 28, Mar.
1997: 83-96.
"The question 'Whither Russia?' provokes emotional discussions.
Optimists persist in their conviction that Russia has `turned the
corner' and is headed towards liberal democracy. Some even try to
prove that this goal has already been achieved. Sceptics, no less
energetically, predict a gloomy future. But the political and
economic situation is much more complicated than the optimists or
sceptics suggest."

Shevtsova, Lilia.
Yeltsin's Russia: challenges and constraints. Moscow, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, 1997. 74 p.
"This paper explores several important issues related to
Russia's current development: is Russia heading toward a liberal
democracy, a new authoritarianism, or an oligarchy; who makes
decisions in Russia? . . . . It is too early to judge what the final
results of the transformation will be."
Partial contents.--The president's vertical hierarchy.--Towards a
hybrid regime.--The oligarchy is advancing.--Decision-making
mechanisms.--Yeltsin's political trajectory.

Shlapentokh, Dmitry.
The Russian `soul' and Yeltsin's body. Contemporary review, v.
271, Sept. 1997: 119-128.
"The Westernization of Russian society has brought about only
modest gains, and therefore a negative perception of the changes
continues to dominate society. The positive changes from
Westernization are a tiny island of capital surrounded by deeply
hostile forces. Yeltsin won the last election not because Western
capitalism had captured the imagination of a majority of the
populace, but because the majority was tired of change and fearful
that another change would make things even worse."

Shlapentokh, Vladimir.
"Normal" Russia. Current history, v. 96, Aug. 1997: 331-335.
"Russians are adapting quickly to the new rules of the market
economy and democratic freedoms. This development can only be
greeted positively by Russians and the world. When, however, they
accept as `normal' many negative and dangerous phenomena in their
lives associated with these changes."

-----
Bonjour, stagnation: Russia's next years. Europe-Asia studies, v.
49, July 1997: 865-881.
Examines Russia's current political directions.

-----
The four faces of Mother Russia. Transitions, v. 4, Oct. 1997:
59-65.
"No single social system completely dominates Russian society.
In truth, argues this author, four distinct systems for power, and
the one that will ultimately wind up on top is anyone's guess."

-----
Yeltsin, tabloid-style. Transitions, v. 5, Feb. 1998: 46-48.
"The president's former bodyguard provides an account of
Russia's unsavory political elite."

Simon, Gerhard. Boris Yeltsin: post-communist patriot. Swiss review of
world affairs, no. 9, Sept. 1996: 6-7.
"To a large extent Boris Yeltsin owes his re-election to the
fact that in Russia, unlike most former East Bloc countries, there
is no reformed Communist Party that has clearly distanced itself
from the old Soviet dictatorship in its symbols and its program.
This circumstance also goes far to explain the massive support
Yeltsin received from the Russian media and business world."

Stavrakis, Peter J.
Shadow politics: the Russian state in the 21st century. Carlisle
Barracks, Pa., Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College,
1997. whole issue (31 p.).
"Describes the emergence in Russia of a kind of oligarchic
capitalism, controlled by old political elites, and thriving amid an
extra-legal `parallel shadow government' . . . . Contends that
Russia's central power structures to date have derived from a fusion
between corrupt government officials and private sector elites."

Stent, Angela. Shevtsova, Lilia.
Russia's election: no turning back. Foreign policy, no. 123,
summer 1996: 92-110.
"The imminent Russian presidential election seems to portend a
dreadful irony: This first democratic contest might, depending on
its outcome, stifle Russia's emerging democracy and turn the clock
back to an era of authoritarianism, or worse. Much of the
speculation on the outcome has been gloomy: Boris Yeltsin wins and
imposes a more authoritarian and corrupt oligarchy; Gennadi
Zyuganov wins and tries to resurrect the Soviet Union with a command
economy, censorship, and a reinvigorated secret police, restoring
communism and the Cold War."

Treisman, Daniel.
Why Yeltsin won. Foreign affairs, v. 75, Sept.-Oct. 1996: 64-77.
"Reporters and pundits have spun many theories as to why Yelsin
won. None of them matches the polling data. Clever campaigning,
anticommunist scare tactics, even efforts to end the war in Chechnya
were not the critical factors. Boris Yeltsin passed Gennadi
Zyuganov in the polls only when he traveled the country ladling out
pork. Yeltsin doubled the minimum pension and paid off the backlog
in wages. A Vorkuta coal miner asked for a car--and got it. A
presidential aide slipped a bystander a handful of cash. High
minded criticism from the West notwithstanding, Tammany tactics are
hardly unknown in Western politics, and they did keep a communist
out of office."

Umland, Andreas.
The post-Soviet Russian extreme right. Problems of post-communism,
v. 44, July-Aug. 1997: 53-61.
"By focusing on communism's possible return to Russia,
observers have neglected twentieth-century Russian right-wing
extremism, which traces its roots to imperial Russia and is evident
throughout the Soviet period. This essay provides a comprehensive
critique of recent publications in this genre."

Unger, Aryeh L.
On the meaning of "Sovietology." Communist and post-communist
studies, v. 31, Mar. 1998: 17-27.
"The article attempts to explicate the meaning of
`Sovietology.' It traces the origins of the term and discusses the
uses to which it has been put in the scholarly literature. Two
different meanings have been attached to the term. One reflects
the understanding of Sovietology as the study of Soviet politics;
the other views it as a `basket' of several, variously specified,
disciplines in the social sciences and--less often--the humanities,
distinguished by a common area orientation. The resultant
ambiguity has blurred Sovietology's disciplinary identity. Now that
the record of Western scholarship on the Soviet Union has become the
subject of critical scrutiny and debate, it is especially important
that the meaning of `Sovietology' be clearly stipulated."

von der Heydt, Barbara.
Russia's spiritual wilderness: freedom cannot take root without
moral renewal. Policy review, no. 70, fall 1994: 12-19.
"While there has been enormous liberalization in elections,
religious freedom, and privatization, there is still no rule of
law, no clear definition of property rights, and in much of the
country no real democracy. Bureaucratization is actually worse
than it was under the Communists."

Ware, Richard. Watson, Fiona M.
Democracy after communism. London, House of Commons, Dept. of the
Library, 1996. 38 p. (Research paper 96/47)
"This paper is an attempt to assess the extent to which
democratic institutions have taken root in some of the states which
formed part of the communist world until the upheavals of 1989-91.
It would be impossible in a short paper to examine all of the post-
communist democracies, so a reasonably representative sample has
been selected. These are the Russian Federation, Poland, Hungary,
Ukraine and Georgia."

Ware, Robert Bruce. Kisriev, Enver.
After Chechnya: at risk in Dagestan. Politics, v. 18, Feb. 1998:
39-47.
"Population displacements in the aftermath of the Chechen
conflict may undermine a complex political balance existing among
the extraordinarily numerous ethnic groups in the neighbouring
Republic of Dagestan. The destabilisation of Dagestan threatens to
bring ethnic conflict to virtually the only state in the Caucasus
to have avoided it thus far. This article considers the basis of
ethnic accommodation in Dagestan, the policies and migratory
patterns that have placed it at risk, and the regional context in
which these have occurred."

Will Russian communism rise again? American enterprise, v. 7,
July-Aug. 1996: 55-57.
Considers whether communism will again take hold in Russia.
"The most obvious barriers to a return to the Soviet model are
regionalism and privatization. Since 1991 Russia has become a
federated state somewhat like the United States, with a weak center
and semi-autonomous regions that jealously guard their liberties.
The endless and intense public haggles over laws and tax revenues
between Moscow and the 89 `Subjects of Federation' are testmony to
an often overlooked reality: for the first time in 400 years, Russia
is not synonymous with Moscow, and control over `the center'
doesn't automatically translate into dominance over the country."

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
WASHINGTON, DC 20402

SB-043

U.S. Government Information about the:

HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE TOPIC, 1998-1999

* * * * * *

RESOLVED: That the United States should substantially change its
foreign policy toward Russia.

* * * * * *

American-Ukrainian Nuclear Relations. BOOK. 1996. Examines the early
history of United States-Ukraine relations over the nuclear weapons
issue. Presents both the history of a 2-year period, 1992-1994, and
posits a number of explanations as to why things developed the way
they did. Establishes a framework of this important period from which
scholars can further proceed. 91 p.
D 5.416:55
S/N 008-020-01413-3 $ 4.50

Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practices: Report by the
Department of State in Accordance With Section 2202 of the Omnibus
Trade and Competiveness Act of 1988, April 1998. BOOK. 1998.
Provides a single, comprehensive and comparative analysis of the
economic policies and trade practices of each country with which the
United States has an economic or trade relationship. 418 p.
0-16-056470-0
Y 4.F 76/2:S.PRT.105-51
S/N 052-070-07166-4 19.00

Country Studies . . . Describes and analyzes the history, politics, economics, sociology, and national security systems of these countries.

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. BOOK. 1995.
(Clothbound) 354 p.; ill.
S/N 008-020-01362-5 $30.00

Belarus and Moldova. BOOK. 1995. (Clothbound)
280 p.; ill. 0-8444-0849-2
D 101.22:550-112
S/N 008-020-01380-3 17.00

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. BOOK. 1996.
(Clothbound) 333 p.; ill.
D 101.22:550-113
S/N 008-020-01400-1 23.00

Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and
Uzbekistan. BOOK. 1997. (Clothbound) 632 p.; ill.
S/N 008-020-01434-6 33.00

Russia. BOOK. 1998. (Clothbound) 835 p.; ill.
S/N 008-020-01443-5 44.00

Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1997, Current Legislation and
Related Executive Orders:

Volume 1-A, March 1998. BOOK. 1998. 820 p.; ill.
Y 4. F 76/2-10:997/V.1-A
S/N 052-070-07165-6 37.00

Volume 1-B, April 1998. BOOK. 1998. 1266 p.
Y 4.F 76/2-10:997/V.1-B
S/N 052-070-07168-1 62.00

Major Powers in Northeast Asian Security. BOOK. 1996. Addresses the
future roles and interests of the four major Asia-Pacific powers, the
United States, Japan, China, and Russia, and how their policies will
affect security in Northeast Asia, specifically, in the Korean
Peninsula. 77 p.; ill.
D 5.416:51
S/N 008-020-01404-4 $4.00

Nuclear Coexistence: Rethinking United States Policy to Promote
Stability in an Era of Proliferation. BOOK. 1994. Addresses the
emerging incongruence between the proliferation of nuclear weapons and
the United States policy for managing this process. 192 p.
D 301.26/25:1
S/N 008-070-00695-2 13.00

Power and Progress, 2015. BOOK. 1996. Looks ahead to the year 2015
and beyond. Seeks to understand how the American armed forces might
contribute better to the nation's future security. Tries to
conceptualize how a transformed world situation twenty years from now
could affect United States security. Describes the most plausible
changes likely to develop. 173 p.; ill.
D 214.13:P 43/4
S/N 008-020-01406-1 15.00

Revelations From the Russian Archives: Documents in English Translation. BOOK. 1997. A compendium of translations of representative documents
from several once-closed Soviet/Russian archives. Sheds new light on
the structure and workings of the world's longest-lived totalitarian
State, the character and intentions of Vladimir Lenin, and the
difficult history of United States-Soviet relations from the Russian
Revolution until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. (Clothbound)
834 p.; ill.
S/N 030-001-00168-7 59.00

Russia's Democratic Moment? Defining United States Policy to Promote
Opportunities in Russia. BOOK. 1995. Provides a collection of 13
essays arranged into four categories: Democratic reform of government
and politics; Democratic reform of economy and society; Democratic
reform of military and foreign policy; and Conclusion. 343 p.
S/N 008-070-00698-7 18.00

Strategic Assessment, 1998: Engaging Power for Peace. BOOK. 1998.
Examines various approaches that the United States might adopt to
shape the strategic environment of the future. 300 p.; ill.
S/N 008-020-01435-4 $31.00

Transforming Nuclear Deterrence. BOOK. 1997. Presents summaries of
remarks made at a series of nine discussions on the theme of "Managing
and Transforming Nuclear Deterrence." Focuses on the relationship of
the United States and Russia in light of this topic. 81 p.
D 5.402:T 68
S/N 008-020-01428-1 4.00

United States Participation in the United Nations: Report by the
President to the Congress for the Year 1997. BOOK. 1998. Includes
sections on: political and security affairs; reform of the United
Nations; economic and developmental affairs; human rights and social
issues; science, technology, and research; legal developments,
administration, and budget; and specialized agencies and other bodies.
Includes appendices and an index. 138 p.
S/N 044-000-02500-1 6.50

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