[Congressional Record Volume 150, Number 125 (Wednesday, October 6, 2004)]
[Senate]
[Pages S10557-S10560]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[[Page S10557]]
Senate
ENDORSING THE MINIMUM WAGE
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, in the Bush economy, minimum wage workers
are falling farther and farther behind. But every time Democrats in
Congress have tried to raise the minimum wage, the Republican
leadership has refused even to allow a vote on it. Three times in the
108th Congress, the Republican leadership has brought down a bill
rather than allow an up-or-down vote on the minimum wage first on the
State Department bill, then on the welfare bill, and, finally, on the
class action bill.
Now, 562 prominent economists including four Nobel Prize winners in
economics and seven past presidents of the American Economic
Association have endorsed the increase to $7 an hour. I ask unanimous
consent that a copy of their letter be printed in the Record, following
my statement.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. KENNEDY. In today's economy, corporate profits are surging, but
workers' wages are stagnant. Minimum wage workers are hardest hit,
because they haven't had an increase in the minimum wage for 7 long
years. That is why so many of us continue to fight for the Fair Minimum
Wage Act, which will raise the minimum wage from $5.15 to $7 in three
moderate steps to $5.85 60 days after enactment; $6.45 1-year later; to
$7 1-year after that.
It is long past time for Congress to approve an increase in the
minimum wage. No one who works for a living should have to live in
poverty.
Exhibit 1
IT'S TIME FOR A Raise
Hundreds of economists support a minimum wage increase
The minimum wage has been an important part of our nation's
economy for 65 years. It is based on the principle of valuing
work by establishing an hourly wage floor beneath which
employers cannot pay their workers. In so doing, the minimum
wage helps to equalize the imbalance in bargaining power that
low-wage workers face in the labor market. The minimum wage
is also an important tool in fighting poverty.
The value of the 1997 increase in the federal minimum wage
has been fully eroded. The real value of today's federal
minimum wage is less than it has been in 46 out of the last
48 years. Moreover, the ratio of the minimum wage to the
average hourly wage of non-supervisory workers is 33%, its
lowest level in 55 years. This decline is causing hardship
for low-wage workers and their families.
We believe that a modest increase in the minimum wage would
improve the well-being of low-wage workers and would not have
the adverse effects that critics have claimed. In particular,
we share the view the Council of Economic Advisers expressed
in the 1999 Economic Report of the President that ``the
weight of the evidence suggests that modest increases in the
minimum wage have had very little or no effect on
employment.'' While controversy about the precise employment
effects of the minimum wage continues, research has shown
that most of the beneficiaries are adults, most are female,
and the vast majority are members of low-income working
families.
As economists who are concerned about the problems facing
low-wage workers, we believe the Fair Minimum Wage Act of
2004's proposed phased-in increase in the federal minimum
wage to $7.00 falls well within the range of options where
the benefits to the labor market, workers, and the overall
economy would be positive.
Twelve states and the District of Columbia have set their
minimum wages above the federal level. Additional states,
including Florida, Nevada, and New York, are considering
similar measures. As with a federal increase, modest
increases in state minimum wages in the range of $1.00 to
$2.00 can significantly improve the lives of low-income
workers and their families, without the adverse effects that
critics have claimed.
Henry Aaron, The Brookings Institution; Rebecca Blank,
University of Michigan; Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Cornell
University; Clive Granger, University of California--San
Diego; Lawrence F. Katz, Harvard University; Lawrence R.
Klein, University of Pennsylvania; Frank Levy, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology; Lawrence Mishel, Economic Policy
Institute; Paul A. Samuelson, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology; Robert M. Solow, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
552 other economists agree
Economists supporting increase in minimum wage
Frank Ackerman, Global Development and Environment
Institute--Tufts University; Irma Adelman, University of
California--Berkeley; Randy Albelda, University of
Massachusetts--Boston; Robert J. Alexander, Rutgers
University; Marcus Alexis, Northwestern University; Sylvia
Allegretto, Economic Policy Institute; Gar Alperovitz,
University of Maryland--College Park; Teresa L. Amott,
Gettysburg College; Alice Amsden, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology; Bernard E. Anderson, University of Pennsylvania;
Robert M. Anderson, University of California--Berkeley;
Eileen Appelbaum, Rutgers University; Robert K. Arnold,
Institute of Regional and Urban Studies; David D. Arsen,
Michigan State University; Enid Arvidson, University of
Texas--Arlington; Michael Ash, University of Massachusetts;
Glen Atkinson, University of Nevada--Reno; Alice Audie-
Figueroa, United Automobile Workers.
Robert Axtell, The Brookings Institution and Middlebury
College; M.V. Lee Badgett, University of Massachusetts; Ron
Baiman, University of Illinois--Chicago; Asatar Bair, City
College of San Francisco; Dean Baker, Center for Economic and
Policy Research; Benjamin Balak, Rollins College; Stephen E.
Baldwin, KRA Corporation and George Washington University;
Erol Balkan, Hamilton College; Laurence M. Ball, Johns
Hopkins University; Brad Barham, University of Wisconsin--
Madison; Drucilla K. Barker, Hollins University; David
Barkin, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana--Xochimilco;
Christopher Barrett, Cornell University; Timothy J. Bartik,
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Laurie J.
Bassi, McBassi & Company; Bradley W. Bateman, Grinnell
College; Francis M. Bator, Harvard University; Sandy Baum,
Skidmore College; William J. Baumol , New York
University; Steve Beckman, United Automobile Workers; Stephen
H. Bell, Urban Institute; Dale L. Belman, Michigan State
University; Michael H. Belzer, Wayne State University;
Lourdes Beneria, Cornell University; Barbara R. Bergmann,
American University and University of Maryland; Eli Berman,
University of California--San Diego.
Jared Bernstein, Economic Policy Institute; Michael Best,
University of Massachusetts--Lowell; Charles L. Betsey,
Howard University; David M. Betson, University of
[[Page S10558]]
Notre Dame; Carole Biewener, Simmons College; Sherrilyn
Billger, Illinois State University; Melissa Binder,
University of New Mexico; L. Josh Bivens, Economic Policy
Institute; Stanley W. Black, University of North Carolina--
Chapel Hill; Margaret Blair, Vanderbilt University Law
School; Robert Blecker, American University; Alan S. Blinder,
Princeton University; Barry Bluestone, Northeastern
University; Peter Bohmer, The Evergreen State College; Roger
Bolton, Williams College; James F. Booker, Siena College;
Heather Boushey, Center for Economic and Policy Research;
Samuel Bowles, Santa Fe Institute; James K. Boyce, University
of Massachusetts--Amherst; Ralph Bradburd, Williams College;
Katharine Bradbury, Gerard Bradley, New Mexico Department of
Labor; Mark D. Brenner, University of Massachusetts; Vernon
M. Briggs, Jr., Cornell University; Daniel W. Bromley,
University of Wisconsin; Eileen L. Brooks, University of
California--Santa Cruz; Annette N. Brown, BearingPoint, Inc.;
Christopher Brown, Arkansas State University; Clair Brown,
University of California--Berkeley; Michael Brun, Illinois
State University; Neil H. Buchanan, Rutgers School of Law.
Robert Buchele, Smith College; Mary A. Burke, Florida State
University; Paul G. Burkett, Indiana State University;
Stephen V. Burks, University of Minnesota--Morris; Joyce
Burnette, Wabash College; Gary Burtless, The Brookings
Institution; Dallas Burtraw, Resources for the Future; Paul
D. Bush, California State University--Fresno; Antonio
Callari. Franklin and Marshall College; James Campen,
University of Massachusetts--Boston; Maria Cancian,
University of Wisconsin--Madison; Paul Cantor, Norwalk
Community College; Peter Cappelli, University of
Pennsylvania; Anthony P. Carnevale, National Center on
Education and the Economy; Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Middlebury
College; Francoise Carre, University of Massachusetts--
Boston; Michael J. Carter, University of Massachusetts--
Lowell; Susan B. Carter, University of California--Riverside;
John Carvellas, Saint Michael's College.
Karl E. Case, Wellesley College; Jeff Chapman, Economic
Policy Institute; John Dennis Chasse, State University of New
York--Brockport; Howard Chernick, Hunter College and the
Graduate Center, City University of New York; Robert Cherry,
Brooklyn College--City University of New York; Lawrence
Chimerine, Radnor International Consulting, Inc.; Charles R.
Chittle, Bowling Green State University; Kimberly
Christensen, State University of New York--Purchase; Paul P.
Christensen, Hofstra University; Richard D. Coe, New College
of Florida; Robert M. Coen, Northwestern University; Steve
Cohn, Knox College; David C. Cole, Harvard Institute for
International Development; Helen Connolly, Northeastern
University; John E. Connor, Villanova University; Patrick
Conway, University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill; James V
Cornehls, University of Texas--Arlington; David Crary,
Eastern Michigan University; Vincent Crawford, University of
California--San Diego; James Crotty, University of
Massachusetts; Stephen Cullenberg, University of California--
Riverside.
James Cypher, California State University--Fresno; Anita
Dancs, National Priorities Project; Nasser Daneshvary,
University of Nevada--Las Vegas; David M. Danning,
Massachusetts Teachers Association; Sheldon Danziger,
University of Michigan; Jane D'Arista, New School University;
Paul A. David, Stanford University; Sidney Davidson,
University of Chicago; John B. Davis, Marquette University
and University of Amsterdam; Charles W. de Seve, American
Economics Group, Inc.; Jayne Dean, Wagner College; Gregory E.
DeFreitas, Hofstra University; Brad DeLong, University of
California--Berkeley; James G. Devine, Loyola Marymount
College; Peter Diamond , Massachusetts Institute of
Technology; Ranjit Dighe, State University of New York--
Oswego; Randall Dodd, Financial Policy Forum; Peter B.
Doeringer, Boston University; Peter Dorman, The Evergreen
State College; Robert Drago, Pennsylvania State University;
Laura Dresser, University of Wisconsin--Madison; Arindrajit
Dube, University of California--Berkeley; Richard B. Du Boff,
Bryn Mawr College; Marie Duggan, Keene State College; Greg J.
Duncan, Northwestern University; Steven Durlauf, University
of Wisconsin--Madison.
Donald H. Dutkowsky, Syracuse University; Amitava K. Dutt,
University of Notre Dame; M. Jan Dutta, Rutgers University;
Gary Dymski, University of California--Riverside; John A.
Edgren, Eastern Michigan University; Barry Eichengreen,
University of California--Berkeley; Bernard Elbaum,
University of California--Santa Cruz; Catherine S. Elliott,
New College of Florida; Zohreh Emami, Alverno College;
Richard W. England, University of New Hampshire; Ernie
Englander, George Washington University; Gerald Epstein,
University of Massachusetts--Amherst; Sharon J. Erenburg,
Eastern Michigan University; Christopher L. Erickson,
University of California--Los Angeles; Timothy J. Essenburg,
Bethel University; Susan L. Ettner, University of
California--Los Angeles; Linda Ewing, United Automobile
Workers; Colleen Fahy, Assumption College; David Fairris,
University of California--Riverside.
Henry S. Farber, Princeton University; Andrew Farrant,
Franklin and Marshall College; Jeff Faux, Economic Policy
Institute; Sasan Fayazmanesh, California State University--
Fresno; Steve Fazzari, Washington University; Rashi Fein,
Harvard Medical School; Robert M. Feinberg, American
University; Susan F Feiner, University of Southern Maine;
David Felix, Washington University; Ronald F. Ferguson,
Harvard University; William D. Ferguson, Grinnell College;
Rudy Fichtenbaum, Wright State University; Deborah M. Figart,
Richard Stockton College; T. Aldrich Finegan, Vanderbilt
University; Lydia Fischer, United Automobile Workers; Albert
Fishlow, Columbia University; John Fitzgerald, Bowdoin
College; Sean Faherty, Franklin and Marshall College.
Maria S. Floro, American University; Nancy Folbre,
University of Massachusetts; Harold A. Forman, United Food
and Commercial Workers; Mathew Forstater, University of
Missouri--Kansas City; Harriet Fraad; Alan Frishman, Hobart
and William Smith Colleges; Kevin Furey, Chemeketa Community
College; James K. Galbraith, University of Texas--Austin;
Monica Galizzi, University of Massachusetts--Lowell; Kevin P.
Gallagher, Boston University; David Gallo, California State
University--Chico; Irwin Garfinkel, Columbia University;
Deborah L. Garvey, Santa Clara University; Jonah B. Gelbach,
University of Maryland; Robley George, Center for Study of
Democratic Societies; Christophre Georges, Hamilton College;
Malcolm Getz, Vanderbilt University; Teresa Ghilarducci,
University of Notre Dame; Lisa A. Giddings, University of
Wisconsin--La Crosse; Richard J. Gilbert, University of
California--Berkeley.
John I. Gilderbloom, University of Louisville; Herbert
Gintis, Santa Fe Institute and University of Massachusetts;
Amy Glasmeier, Penn State University; Norman Glickman,
Rutgers University; Robert Glover, University of Texas --
Austin; Arthur S. Goldberger, University of Wisconsin--
Madison; Lonnie Golden, Penn State University--Abington
College; Debbie Goldman, Communications Workers of America;
Steven M. Goldman, University of California--Berkeley;
William W. Goldsmith, Cornell University; Nance Goldstein,
University of Southern Maine; C.N. Gomersall, Luther College;
Eban S. Goodstein, Lewis and Clark College; Robert J. Gordon,
Northwestern University; Peter Gottschalk, Boston College;
Elise Gould, Economic Policy Institute; Ulla Grapard, Colgate
University; Daphne Greenwood, University of Colorado--
Colorado Springs; Christopher Gunn, Hobart and William Smith
Colleges; Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong, University of South
Florida; Joseph E. Harrington, Johns Hopkins University; Doug
Harris, Florida State University; Jonathan M. Harris, Global
Development and Environment Institute--Tufts University;
Martin Hart-Landsberg, Lewis and Clark College.
Mitchell Harwitz, State University of New York--Buffalo;
Robert Haveman, University of Wisconsin--Madison; F. Gregory
Hayden, University of Nebraska--Lincoln; Sue Headlee,
American University; Carol E. Heim, University of
Massachusetts--Amherst; James Heintz, University of
Massachusetts--Amherst; Paul A. Heise, Lebanon Valley
College; Suzanne Helburn, University of Colorado--Denver;
Susan Helper, Case Western Reserve University; John F Henry,
California State University--Sacramento; Edward Herman,
University of Pennsylvania; Stephen Herzenberg, Keystone
Research Center; Donald D. Hester, University of Wisconsin--
Madison; Gillian Hewitson, Franklin and Marshall College;
William Hildred, Northern Arizona University; Marianne T.
Hill, Center for Policy Research and Planning; Martha S.
Hill, University of Michigan; Michael G. Hillard, University
of Southern Maine; Albert O. Hirschman, Institute for
Advanced Study; Rod Hissong, University of Texas--Arlington;
Emily Hoffman, Western Michigan University.
Karen C. Holden, University of Wisconsin--Madison; Harry
Holzer, Georgetown University; Barbara Hopkins, Wright State
University; Bobbie L. Horn, University of Tulsa; Julie
Hotchkiss, Georgia State University; Candace Howes,
Connecticut College; Carl E. Hunt, Richard W. Hurd, Cornell
University; Saul H. Hymans, University of Michigan; Fred
Inaba, Washington State University; Alan Isaac, American
University; Jonathan Isham, Middlebury College; Michael
Jacobs, New York City Independent Budget Office; Sanford M.
Jacoby, University of California--Los Angeles; Kenneth P.
Jameson, University of Utah; Russell A. Janis, University of
Massachusetts--Amherst; Elizabeth J. Jensen, Hamilton
College; Pascale Joassart, University of Massachusetts;
Jerome Joffe, St. John's University; Lawrence D. Jones,
University of British Columbia; Robert Jones, Skidmore
College; Bernard Jump, Syracuse University; Fadhel Kaboub,
Simon's Rock College of Bard; Alfred E. Kahn, Cornell
University; Shulamit Kahn, Boston University; John Kane,
State University of New York--Oswego; Thomas J. Kane,
University of California--Los Angeles; J.K. Kapler,
University of Massachusetts--Boston.
Thomas Karier, Eastern Washington University; Victor
Kasper, Buffalo State College; Sheila Kamerman, Columbia
University; David E. Kaun, University of California--Santa
Cruz; Wells Keddie, Rutgers University; Peter B. Kenen,
Princeton University; Daphne Kenyon, D.A. Kenyon &
Associates; Kwan S. Kim, University of Notre Dame; Marlene
Kim, University of Massachusetts--Boston; Christopher T.
King, University of Texas--Austin; Mary King, Portland State
University; Lori G. Kletzer, University of California--Santa
Cruz; Janet T.
[[Page S10559]]
Knoedler, Bucknell University; Thomas A. Kochan,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Tim Koechlin, Vassar
College; Andrew I. Kohen, James Madison University; Krishna
Kool, University of Rio Grande; Douglas Koritz, Buffalo State
College; Sherrie Koss Kossoudji, University of Michigan;
Nicholas N. Kozlov, Hofstra University; Catherine Krause,
University of New Mexico; Alan J. Krupnick, Resources for the
Future; Douglas Kruse, Rutgers University; Helen F. Ladd,
Duke University; Robert M. LaJeunesse, State University of
New York--New Paltz; Kevin Lang, Boston University; Glenn-
Marie Lange, The Earth Institute--Columbia University;
Catherine Langlois, Georgetown University.
Gary A. Latanich, Arkansas State University; Robert Z.
Lawrence, Harvard University; William Lazonick, University of
Massachusetts--Lowell and INSEAD; Frederic S. Lee, University
of Missouri--Kansas City; J. Paul Leigh, University of
California--Davis; Nancey Green Leigh, Georgia Institute of
Technology; Charles L. Leven, Washington University; Charles
Levenstein, University of Massachusetts--Lowell; Margaret C.
Levenstein, University of Michigan; Henry M. Levin, Columbia
University and Stanford University; David I. Levine,
University of California--Berkeley; Herbert S. Levine,
University of Pennsylvania; Mark Levinson, UNITE HERE; Mark
Levitan, Community Service Society of New York; Stephen Levy,
Center for Continuing Study of California Economy; Arthur
Lewbel, Boston College; James D. Likens, Pomona College;
Edward J. Lincoln, Council on Foreign Relations; David L.
Lindauer, Wellesley College; Charles Lindblom, Yale
University; Victor D. Lippit, University of California--
Riverside; Mark C. Long, University of Washington; Pamela
Loprest, The Urban Institute; Richard Lotspeich, Indiana
State University; Michael C. Lovell, Wesleyan University.
Milton D. Lower, Stephanie Luce, Labor Center--University
of Massachusetts; Jens Ludwig, Georgetown University; Dan
Luria, Michigan Manufacturing Technology Center; Lisa M.
Lynch, Tufts University; Robert Lynch, Washington College;
Arthur MacEwan, University of Massachusetts--Boston; Hasan
MacNeil, California State University--Chico; Craig R.
MacPhee, University of Nebraska--Lincoln; Janice F. Madden,
University of Pennsylvania; Mark H. Maier, Glendale Community
College; Jay Mandle, Colgate University; Andrea Maneschi,
Vanderbilt University; Dave E. Marcotte, University of
Maryland--Baltimore County; Stephen A. Marglin, Harvard
University; Robert A. Margo, Vanderbilt University; Stephen
V. Marks, Pomona College; Ann R. Markusen, University of
Minnesota; Ray Marshall, University of Texas--Austin; Jeffrey
Martin; Patrick L. Mason, Florida State University; Julie A.
Matthaei, Wellesley College; Peter H. Matthews, Middlebury
College; Anne Mayhew, University of Tennessee; Alan K.
McAdams, Cornell University.
Elaine McCrate, University of Vermont; Richard McIntyre,
University of Rhode Island; Charles W. McMillion, MBG
Information Services; Martin Melkonian, Hofstra University;
Seymour Melman, Columbia University; Jo Beth Mertens, Hobart
and William Smith Colleges; Clarisse Messemer Lewis, and
Clark College; Peter B. Meyer, University of Louisville;
Thomas Michl, Colgate University; Edward Miguel, University
of California--Berkeley; John A. Miller, Wheaton College;
S.M. Miller, Commonwealth Institute; Jerry Miner, Syracuse
University; Diane Monaco, Manchester College; Edward B.
Montgomery, University of Maryland; Robert E. Moore, Georgia
State University; Barbara A. Morgan, Johns Hopkins
University; John R. Morris, University of Colorado--Denver;
Fred Moseley, Mount Holyoke College; Leon N. Moses,
Northwestern University; Philip I. Moss, University of
Massachusetts--Lowell; Tracy Mott, University of Denver;
Kajal Mukhopadhyay, University of Notre Dame; Alicia H.
Munnell, Boston College.
Richard J. Murnane, Harvard University; Michael Murray,
Bates College; Peggy Musgrave, University of California--
Santa Cruz; Richard A. Musgrave, Harvard University; Ellen
Mutari, Richard Stockton College; Michele Naples, The College
of New Jersey; Tara Natarajan, St. Michael's College; Julie
A. Nelson, Tufts University; Reynold F. Nesiba, Augustana
College--Sioux Falls, SD; Egon Neuberger, State University of
New York--Stony Brook; Donald A. Nichols, University of
Wisconsin--Madison; Laurie Nisonoff, Hampshire College; Emily
Northrop, Southwestern University; Leslie Nulty, Carol
O'Cleireacain, The Brookings Institution; Seamus
O'Cleireacain, State University of New York--Purchase;
Stephen A. O'Connell, Swarthmore College.
William P. O'Dea, State University of New York--Oneonta;
Mehmet Odekon Skidmore, College; Amy O'Hara, Erik Olsen,
Franklin and Marshall College; Paulette Olson Wright, State
University; Paul Ong, University of California--Los Angeles;
Van Doorn Ooms, Committee for Economic Development; Douglas
V. Orr, Eastern Washington University; Jonathan M. Orszag,
Competition Policy Associates, Inc.; Peter Orszag, The
Brookings Institution; Paul Osterman, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology; Shallanne Osterreich, Ithaca College; Rudolph
A. Oswald, George Meany, Labor Studies Center; Spencer J.
Pack, Connecticut College; Arnold Packer, Johns Hopkins
University; Thomas Palley, US-China Economic and Security
Review Commission.
Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, The Levy Economic Institute of
Bard College; James A. Parrott, Fiscal Policy Institute;
Manuel Pastor, University of California--Santa Cruz; Eva A.
Paus, Mount Holyoke College; Michael Perelman, California
State University--Chico; Kenneth R. Peres, Communications
Workers of America; George L. Perry, The Brookings
Institution; Joseph Persky, University of Illinois--Chicago;
Karen A. Pfeifer, Smith College; Ronnie J. Phillips, Colorado
State University; Michael J. Piore, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology; Steven C. Pitts, University of California--
Berkeley; Karen R. Polenske, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology; Robert Pollin, University of Massachusetts--
Amherst; Marshall Pomer, Macroeconomic Policy Institute;
Marilyn Power, Sarah Lawrence College; Robert E. Prasch,
Middlebury College; Lee Price, Economic Policy Institute;
Jean L. Pyle, University of Massachusetts--Lowell; Paddy
Quick, St. Francis College; John M. Quigley, University of
California--Berkeley; Willard W. Radell, Jr., Indiana
University of Pennsylvania; Fredric Raines, Washington
University; Steven Raphael, University of California--
Berkeley; Wendy Rayack, Wesleyan University.
Robert Rebelein, Vassar College; James Rebitzer, Case
Western Reserve University; Michael Reich, University of
California--Berkeley; Robert B. Reich, Brandeis University;
Kenneth A. Reinert, George Mason University; Trudi Renwick,
Fiscal Policy Institute; Andrew Reschovsky, University of
Wisconsin--Madison; James Reschovsky, Center for Studying
Health System Change; Daniel Richards, Tufts University; Tom
Riddell, Smith College; Ronald G. Ridker, World Bank; Alice
M. Rivlin, The Brookings Institution and Georgetown
University; Bruce Roberts, University of Southern Maine; John
Roche St. John, Fisher College; Charles P. Rock, Rollins
College; William M. Rodgers III, Rutgers University; Dani
Rodrik, Harvard University; Frank Roosevelt, Sarah Lawrence
College; Howard F Rosen, Trade Adjustment Assistance
Coalition; Sumner Rosen, National Jobs for All Coalition and
Columbia University; Joshua L. Rosenbloom, University of
Kansas; William W. Ross, Fu Associates, Ltd.; Roy J. Rotheim,
Skidmore College; Joydeep Roy, Economic Policy Institute;
David F. Ruccio, University of Notre Dame; Lynda Rush,
California State Polytechnic University--Pomona.
Vernon W. Ruttan, University of Minnesota; Gregory M.
Saltzman, Albion College; Sydney Saltzman, Cornell University
and University of Michigan; Saskia Sassen, University of
Chicago Law School; Christine Sauer, University of New
Mexico; Max Sawicky, Economic Policy Institute; Peter V.
Schaeffer, West Virginia University; William C. Schaniel,
State University of West Georgia; F M. Scherer, Harvard
University; A. Allan Schmid, Michigan State University;
Stephen J. Schmidt, Union College; John Schmitt, 17th Street
Economics; Juliet Schor, Boston College; Charles L. Schultze,
The Brookings Institution; Elliot Sclar, Columbia University;
Allen J. Scott, University of California, Los Angeles; Bruce
R. Scott, Harvard Business School; Robert Scott, Economic
Policy Institute; Stephanie Seguino, University of Vermont;
Lawrence Seidman, University of Delaware; Jean Shackelford,
Bucknell University; Harley Shaiken, University of
California--Berkeley; Philip Shapira, Georgia Institute of
Technology; Robert J. Shapiro, Sonecon LLC; Mohammed Sharif,
University of Rhode Island; Lois B. Shaw, Institute for
Women's Policy Research; Bertram Silverman, Hofstra
University; Stephen J. Silvia, American University.
Margaret C. Simms, Joint Center for Political and Economic
Studies; Michael Simmons, North Carolina A&T State
University; Betty F. Slade, Courtenay Slater, Timothy M.
Smeeding, Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University;
Joel Sobel, University of California-San Diego; Martin C.
Spechler, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis;
Marcus Stanley, Case Western Reserve University; James L.
Starkey, University of Rhode Island; Howard Stein, University
of Michigan; Mary Huff Stevenson, University of
Massachusetts-Boston; Michael Storper, University of
California-Los Angeles and London School of Economics; Diana
Strassmann, Rice University; Myra H. Strober, Stanford
University; David M. Sturges, Colgate University; Richard
Sutch, University of California-Riverside; Paul A. Swanson,
William Paterson University; William Tabb, Queens College;
David Terkla, University of Massachusetts-Boston; Ross D.
Thomson, University of Vermont; Emanuel D. Thorne, Brooklyn
College-City University of New York.
Jill Tiefenthaler, Colgate University; Thomas H.
Tietenberg, Colby College; Chris Tilly, University of
Massachusetts-Lowell; Marc R. Tool, California State
University-Sacramento; Scott Trees, Siena College; A. Dale
Tussing, Syracuse University; Laura D'Andrea Tyson, London
Business School; Christopher Udry, Yale University; Daniel A.
Underwood, Peninsula College; Lynn Unruh, University of
Central Florida; David Vail, Bowdoin College; Marjolein van
der Veen, Shoreline Community College; Don Vandegrift, The
College of New Jersey; Douglas Vickers, University of
Massachusetts; Michael Vogt, Eastern Michigan University;
Paula B. Voos, Rutgers University; Mark Votruba, Case Western
Reserve University; Jeff Waddoups, University of Nevada-Las
Vegas; Matt Warning, University of
[[Page S10560]]
Puget Sound; Robert W. Wassmer, California State University-
Sacramento; Sidney Weintraub, Center for Strategic and
International Studies; Mark Weisbrot, Center for Economic and
Policy Research; Charles L. Weise, Gettysburg College; Thomas
E. Weisskopf, University of Michigan; Christian E. Weller,
Center for American Progress; Fred M. Westfield, Vanderbilt
University; Charles J. Whalen, Perspectives on Work.
Melvin I. White, Brooklyn College-City University of New
York; Cathleen Whiting, Williamette University; Howard Wial,
Keystone Research Center; Charles K. Wilber, University of
Notre Dame; Linda Wilcox Young, Southern Oregon University;
Arthur R. Williams, John Willoughby, American University;
Paul Winters, American University; Barbara L. Wolfe,
University of Wisconsin-Madison; Edward Wolff, New York
University; Martin Wolfson, University of Notre Dame; Brenda
Wyss, Wheaton College; Yavuz Yasar, University of Denver;
Carol Zabin, University of California-Berkeley; June Zaccone,
National Jobs for All Coalition and Hofstra University; David
A. Zalewski, Providence College; Henry W. Zaretsky, Henry W
Zaretsky & Associates, Inc.; Lyuba Zarsky, Global Development
and Environment Institute-Tufts University; Andrew Zimbalist,
Smith College.
* indicates Nobel Laureates. indicates past
presidents of the American Economic Association. Affiliations
are provided for identification purposes only and should not
be construed as the official view of any of the institutions
listed.
____________________