[House Report 117-699] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] Calendar No. 515 117th Congress } { Report HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2d Session } { 117-699 _______________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITIES of the COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND REFORM ONE HUNDRED SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS DECEMBER 31, 2022 Pursuant to House rule XI, I(d)(1)) [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] December 31, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed _________ U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 50-194 WASHINGTON : 2023 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ---------- House of Representatives, Committee on Oversight and Reform, Washington, DC, December 30, 2022. Hon. Nancy Pelosi, Speaker, House of Representatives, Washington, DC. Dear Madam Speaker: Under rule XI, clause 1(d)(1) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, ``[n]ot later than January 2, of each odd-numbered year, a committee shall submit to the House a report on the activities of that committee.'' Pursuant to this rule, I respectfully submit the activities report of the Committee on Oversight and Reform for the 117th Congress. As required by the rule, a copy of this report ``has been available to each member of the [C]ommittee for . . . seven calendar days.'' Sincerely, Carolyn B. Maloney, Chairwoman. C O N T E N T S I. INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 II. OVERSIGHT HEARINGS............................................... 5 A. Full Committee.................................... 5 B. Subcommittee on National Security................. 11 C. Subcommittee on Government Operations............. 13 D. Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy...... 16 E. Subcommittee on Environment....................... 16 F. Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties.. 17 G. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis..... 20 III. OVERSIGHT BRIEFINGS AND ROUNDTABLES............................. 23 A. Full Committee and Subcommittees.................. 23 B. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis..... 25 IV. LEGISLATIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS..................................... 26 A. Business Meetings (Legislation)................... 26 B. Legislation Enacted into Law...................... 29 C. Bills Passed by the House......................... 37 D. Legislation Considered by the Committee........... 41 E. Postal Naming Measures Enacted into Law........... 48 F. Postal Naming Measures Passed by the House........ 54 G. Postal Naming Measures Approved by the Committee.. 56 V. SUMMARY OF OVERSIGHT PLAN AND CORRESPONDING ACTIONS............. 56 A. Full Committee.................................... 58 i. Health Care..................................... 58 ii. Census......................................... 62 iii. Information Technology, Cybersecurity, and Data Privacy................................... 64 iv. Environment.................................... 65 v. Homeland and National Security.................. 70 vi. Structural Racism and Racial Equity............ 71 vii. Gender Equity................................. 73 viii. Voting Rights................................ 76 ix. Immigration.................................... 78 x. Gun Violence.................................... 79 xi. Corporate Accountability....................... 80 xii. Executive Branch Ethics, Transparency, Accountability, and Procurement................ 81 xiii. Presidential Conflicts of Interest and Emoluments..................................... 84 B. Subcommittee on National Security................. 86 i. U.S. Counterterrorism Operations Against al Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), and Affiliated Terrorist Organizations. 86 ii. Military Readiness............................. 86 iii. Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure...... 87 C. Subcommittee on Government Operations............. 87 i. Federal Information Technology and Cybersecurity Policy......................................... 87 ii. Preventing a Patronage System in the Federal Workforce...................................... 88 iii. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA)........................................ 89 iv. Support for the Federal Workforce.............. 89 v. Restoring the Independence of Inspectors General 91 vi. Improving the Performance of the Postal Service 92 vii. Improper Payments by the Federal Government... 94 viii. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Oversight..... 94 ix. Peaceful Transitions of Power.................. 94 x. Government Operations, Generally................ 95 D. Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy...... 96 i. Youth E-Cigarette Epidemic and Flavored Cigarettes..................................... 96 ii. Toxic Heavy Metals in Baby Foods............... 98 iii. Organ Procurement Industry Concerns........... 99 iv. Sale of Utility Customer Information to ICE for Deportation Purposes........................... 99 v. Toxic Pet Collars............................... 100 vi. Online Content................................. 100 vii. Sex Trafficking Linked to Postsecondary Education...................................... 101 viii. Spam Text Messages and Fraud................. 101 ix. Higher Education Transcripts................... 102 x. Tear Gas........................................ 102 xi. Chemicals in Food Packaging.................... 102 xii. Excess Corporate Price Hikes.................. 103 xiii. Heart Pump Devices........................... 103 xiv. Baby Formula.................................. 104 xv. Reproductive Health Data Privacy............... 104 xvi. Gas Stoves.................................... 105 xvii. Cryptocurrency Fraud and Scams............... 105 xviii. Inclined Infant Products.................... 105 E. Subcommittee on Environment....................... 106 i. Fossil Fuel Subsidies........................... 106 ii. Job Creation................................... 106 iii. Wildfires..................................... 106 iv. Regenerative Agriculture....................... 107 v. Leaded Aviation Fuel............................ 107 vi. Environmental Justice.......................... 108 F. Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties.. 108 i. Spread of White Supremacy and Extremist Ideologies..................................... 108 ii. Voting Rights.................................. 109 iii. First Amendment Rights and Civil/LGBTQ+ Rights 109 iv. Equal Protection and Property Rights........... 110 v. Due Process in the Immigration System........... 110 vi. Criminal Justice Reform Policies............... 110 G. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis..... 111 i. Role of Political Appointees in Public Health Response....................................... 111 ii. Development and Distribution of Coronavirus Vaccines....................................... 112 iii. Distribution of Critical Supplies............. 113 iv. Impact of Pandemic on Nursing Homes............ 114 v. Federal Lending Programs........................ 115 vi. Coronavirus Protections for Meatpacking Workers 117 vii. Farmers to Families Food Box Program.......... 117 viii. Protecting Homeowners and Renters During the Pandemic....................................... 118 VI. SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES AND ACTIONS......... 119 A. Additional Oversight and Investigations of the Full Committee and Standing Subcommittees........ 119 i. War in Ukraine.................................. 119 ii. Monkeypox...................................... 119 B. Additional Oversight Activities of the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis........... 120 i. Workforce Inequities............................ 120 C. Official Travel/Delegations....................... 121 D. State and District Level Reports.................. 121 VII. HEARINGS HELD PURSUANT TO PURSUANT TO CLAUSE 2(n) OF HOUSE RULE 121 VIII.HEARINGS HELD PURSUANT TO PURSUANT TO CLAUSE (p) OF HOUSE RULE 123 Calendar No. 515 117th Congress } { Report HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2d Session } { 117-699 ====================================================================== ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND REFORM _______ December 31, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed _______ Mrs. Carolyn B. Maloney, from the Committee on Oversight and Reform, submitted the following R E P O R T I. INTRODUCTION During the 117th Congress, the Committee on Oversight and Reform and its five subcommittees held 90 hearings. The Committee issued 444 state and district level staff reports for Members of the House on the expected benefits of the Inflation Reduction Act. In addition, 28 bills advanced by the Committee were enacted into law. An additional 16 bills, not including postal-naming measures, were passed by the House. Under the leadership of Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney, the Committee conducted important investigations and delivered meaningful results for the American people:The Committee achieved extraordinary results to provide economic relief to families, improve benefits for working families, and protect Americans from gun violence. In February 2021, the Committee passed a $350 billion aid package for states and localities, which was included in the American Rescue Plan--funds that were crucial to our nation's economic recovery and extraordinary job growth. In July 2021, the Committee passed legislation to provide comprehensive paid family and medical leave for federal employees, building on Congress's 2020 passage of Chairwoman Maloney's landmark legislation providing paid parental leave for federal employees. The Committee launched an investigation into the sale and marketing of assault-style weapons used in mass shootings and released new information on the role of gun manufacturers and gun dealers in the gun violence crisis. On June 25, 2022, following the Committee's historic hearing on the need to address the gun violence, President Biden signed the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act into law, including anti-trafficking provisions long championed by Chairwoman Maloney. In August 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act, which included key Committee priorities to support electric vehicles, equitable climate action, and strong federal oversight of the relevant programs. The Inflation Reduction Act included reforms championed by Chairwoman Maloney to reduce health care costs for families across America by expanding access to affordable health insurance and lowering drug prices. In 2021, the Committee concluded its three-year investigation exposing the practices of pharmaceutical companies that suppress competition and keep prices high, making prescription drugs unaffordable for many Americans. In April 2022, the Chairwoman introduced a bicameral package of legislation to address findings from the Committee's investigation. The Committee led the way on crucial legislation to grant D.C. statehood, rescue the Postal Service, protect the census, and improve the federal government. In April 2021, following a committee hearing, the Committee and the House passed H.R. 51, the Washington, D.C. Admission Act, which would make D.C. the 51st state. In April 2022, President Biden signed Chairwoman Maloney's bipartisan Postal Service Reform Act, which will place the Postal Service on sustainable financial footing for years to come. In May 2022, the Committee and the House passed the Targeting Resources to Communities in Need Act to increase transparency and direct increased federal program investments to communities most in need. In June 2022, the Committee passed the LBTQI+ Data Inclusion Act to ensure that lawmakers and federal agencies have the comprehensive data they need to better serve LGBTQI+ people. In July 2022, the House passed the Fiscal Year 2023 National Defense Authorization Act, which included provisions championed by the Committee to address the veterans' records backlog and protect Inspectors General. In September 2022, the House passed Chairwoman Maloney's Ensuring a Fair and Accurate Census Act to protect the independence of the Census Bureau and prevent partisan manipulation of the census. In September 2022, the House passed Chairwoman Maloney's bipartisan Whistleblower Protection Improvement Act to protect federal employees from retaliation. The Committee conducted investigations that exposed corruption and conflicts of interest in the Trump Administration--which shined a light on former President Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election--and performed critical oversight of the Biden Administration. The Committee investigated the January 6th assault and attacks on the right to vote, uncovering evidence that President Trump pressured the Justice Department to make false claims of election fraud. The Committee also investigated efforts by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Inspector General (IG) to cover up the erasure of January 6 communications by the U.S. Secret Service. The Committee investigated rampant corruption in the Trump Administration. In October 2021, the Committee released new evidence that former President Trump hid millions in personal debts and losses while bidding on the Trump Hotel, creating serious conflicts of interest. In February 2022, the Committee launched an investigation into former President Trump's violations of the Presidential Records Act (PRA) after he illegally removed sensitive government documents from the White House and transported them to his Mar-a-Lago club. Following a joint Committee request, the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) announced a national security damage assessment stemming from this conduct. In June 2022, the Committee launched an investigation into President Trump's apparent failure to account for foreign gifts while in office, in violation of federal law. In July 2022, the Committee won a major court victory in its long-running investigation into former President Trump's conflicts of interest and self-dealing and secured an agreement to obtain documents from Mr. Trump's former accounting firm, Mazars. In November 2022, the Committee released documents showing that foreign governments spent hundreds of thousands of dollars at Trump Hotel. In October 2022, the Committee released new evidence showing that the Trump Organization overcharged the Secret Service to stay at Trump-owned properties while protecting the former President and his family members. After facing years of obstruction from the Trump Administration, the Committee released new documents showing the Trump Administration's politicization of the 2020 Census, leading the House to pass Chairwoman Maloney's Ensuring a Fair and Accurate Census Act. The Committee conducted essential oversight of federal agencies, from the toxic culture at Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to the unacceptable backlog of records for veterans at the National Archives. The Committee's joint investigation of Emergent BioSolutions contributed to the Biden Administration's decision to drop a multimillion-dollar vaccine contract after the company failed to perform. The Committee achieved important victories in protecting women's right to choose, seeking accountability for the opioid crisis, and protecting public health. The Committee conducted investigations into reproductive health care access, held multiple hearings on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, and released an analysis detailing efforts by Republicans at all levels of government to ban abortion or impose restrictions on access to reproductive health care. In December 2021, the Committee won a major victory when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) removed unnecessary restrictions on medication abortion following the Committee's requests. The Committee released new information on compliance with the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) requirement to fully cover birth control and launched a probe into reproductive health data privacy. The Committee demanded accountability from corporate actors who are responsible for the prevalence of opioid addiction among Americans. Following the Committee's investigation, a federal court rejected an unfair bankruptcy settlement that would have protected one of these actors--the Sackler family--from liability. The Committee released findings from its investigation into McKinsey's consulting work during the opioid epidemic, revealing that McKinsey consultants worked on FDA contracts while also working for opioid manufacturers. The Committee then advanced legislation to end these conflicts of interest. The Committee pressed the Administration to accelerate its response to the rapidly increasing monkeypox virus outbreak, resulting in the Biden Administration declaring a public health emergency. The Committee launched a joint investigation with the Energy and Commerce Committee into FDA's approval of the Alzheimer's drug Aduhelm. Shortly after the Committees launched their investigation, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) IG announced a review of the approval process. Biogen, the drug's manufacturer, subsequently announced it would reduce the price of Aduhelm by 50 percent. The Committee conducted major investigations and held historic hearings on consumer protection issues and other topics directly affecting the American people. The Committee launched an investigation into fossil fuel disinformation, holding a historic hearing with industry chief executive officers (CEOs) and releasing new evidence that the fossil fuel industry is misleading the public about its central role in the climate crisis. Following the Committee's investigation into inclined sleep products that led to the deaths of dozens of infants, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned these dangerous products, and Congress passed legislation to protect infants. In May 2022, the Committee launched an investigation into infant formula manufacturers' role in the nationwide formula shortage. In August 2022, the Committee released a report revealing how election lies endanger election workers and American democracy. In October 2022, the Committee launched a joint investigation into the Jackson, Mississippi, water crisis. The Committee shined a spotlight on disparities faced by women and communities of color, including through hearings on the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and the Black maternal health crisis. The Committee's five subcommittees conducted crucial oversight of classroom censorship, toxic baby food, tobacco regulation, attacks on the federal workforce, veteran suicides, sexual abuse in JROTC programs, and environmental justice, and other important topics, contributing to the Committee's overall success. To carry out its duties as effectively as possible, at the beginning of the 116th Congress, the Committee established the following five standing subcommittees, which remained throughout the 117th Congress: Subcommittee on National Security; Subcommittee on Government Operations; Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy; Subcommittee on Environment; and Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. On April 23, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the House passed H. Res. 935, which established the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis as an additional investigative subcommittee of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. The Select Subcommittee remained in place throughout the 117th Congress. This report describes the Committee's major oversight and legislative accomplishments, provides a summary of Committee and Subcommittee proceedings, and summarizes activities of the Subcommittees during the 117th Congress. II. OVERSIGHT HEARINGS A. Full Committee In the 117th Congress, the full Committee held 37 hearings and received testimony from 193 witnesses. Those hearings include: Hearing on ``Accountability and Lessons Learned from the Trump Administration's Child Separation Policy'' (February 4, 2021). Witness: The Honorable Michael E. Horowitz, Inspector General, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). Hearing on ``Legislative Proposals to Put the Postal Service on Sustainable Financial Footing'' (February 24, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Ron Bloom, Chairman, U.S. Postal Service Board of Governors; Mr. Louis DeJoy, Postmaster General, U.S. Postal Service (USPS); Ms. Tammy Whitcomb, Inspector General, USPS; Mr. Mark Dimondstein, President, American Postal Workers Union, AFL-CIO; Mr. Joel Quadracci, Chairman, President, and CEO, Quad/Graphics; Mr. Kevin Kosar, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute. Hearing ``Weathering the Storm: The Role of Private Tech in the SolarWinds Breach and Ongoing Campaign'' (February 26, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Sudhakar Ramakrishna, President and CEO, SolarWinds Corporation; Mr. Kevin B. Thompson, Former CEO, SolarWinds Corporation; Mr. Kevin Mandia, CEO, FireEye, Inc.; Mr. Brad Smith, President and Chief Legal Officer, Microsoft Corporation. Hearing on ``The 2021 GAO [U.S. Government Accountability Office] High-Risk List: Blueprint for a Safer, Stronger, More Effective America'' (March 2, 2021). Witness: The Honorable Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General of the United States, GAO. The following GAO executives attended to support the Comptroller General: Mr. J. Christopher Mihm, Managing Director, Strategic Issues, GAO; Ms. Cathy Berrick, Managing Directing, Defense Capabilities and Management, GAO; Ms. A. Nikki Clowers, Managing Director, Health Care, GAO; Mr. Mark Gaffigan, Managing Director, Natural Resources and Environment, GAO; Mr. Dan Garcia-Diaz, Managing Director, Financial Markets and Community Investment, GAO; Mr. Nick Marinos, Director, Information Technology, and Cybersecurity, GAO; Mr. David Trimble, Managing Director, Physical Infrastructure, GAO. Hearing on ``H.R. 51: Making D.C. the 51st State'' (March 22, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Muriel Bowser, Mayor, District of Columbia; The Honorable Phil Mendelson, Chairman, Council of the District of Columbia; Mr. Fitzroy Lee, Interim Chief Financial Officer, District of Columbia; Ms. Mainon A. Schwartz, Legislative Attorney, Congressional Research Service; Mr. Wade Henderson, Interim President and CEO, The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights; Mr. Harry Wingo, D.C. Veteran; Mr. Zack Smith, Legal Fellow, Meese Center, Heritage Foundation. Hearing on ``Honoring `Equal Pay Day': Examining the Long- Term Economic Impacts of Gender Inequality'' (March 24, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Megan Rapinoe, U.S. Women's National Soccer Team World Cup Champion and Equal Pay Advocate; Ms. Ai-jen Poo, Executive Director, National Domestic Workers Alliance; Khara Jabola-Carolus, Executive Director, Hawaii State Commission on the Status of Women; Ms. Patrice Onwuka, Director, Center for Economic Opportunity, Independent Women's Forum; Dr. C. Nicole Mason, President and CEO, Institute for Women's Policy Research. Hearing on ``Improving Government Accountability and Transparency'' (May 3, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. James-Christian Blockwood, Executive Vice President, Partnership for Public Service; Ms. Elizabeth Hempowicz, Director of Public Policy, Project on Government Oversight (POGO); Mr. Rudy Mehrbani, Senior Advisor, Democracy Fund; Mr. Zack Smith, Legal Fellow, Meese Center, The Heritage Foundation. Hearing on ``Birthing While Black: Examining America's Black Maternal Health Crisis'' (May 6, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Ayanna Pressley, Member of Congress, 7th District of Massachusetts; The Honorable Cori Bush, Member of Congress, 1st District of Missouri; The Honorable Lauren Underwood, Member of Congress, 14th District of Illinois, Co-Chair, Black Maternal Health Caucus; The Honorable Alma S. Adams, Ph.D., Member of Congress, 12th District of North Carolina, Co-Chair, Black Maternal Health Caucus; Ms. Tatyana Ali, Actress and Advocate; Mr. Charles Johnson, Husband of Kira Johnson and Founder of 4Kira4Moms; Ms. Veronica Gillispie, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., M.S., Medical Director, Louisiana Perinatal Quality Collaborative; Ms. Joia Adele Crear-Perry, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., Founder and President, National Birth Equity Collaborative; Ms. Jamila Taylor, Ph.D., Director of Health Care Reform and Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation; Ms. Tamika Auguste, M.D., Chair of the Obstetrician and Gynecologist Clinical Practice Council, MedStar Health. Hearing on ``The Capitol Insurrection: Unexplained Delays and Unanswered Questions'' (May 12, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Christopher C. Miller, Former Acting Secretary, Department of Defense (DOD); The Honorable Jeffrey A. Rosen, Former Acting Attorney General, DOJ; Mr. Robert J. Contee III, Chief, Metropolitan Police Department. Hearing on ``Unsustainable Drug Prices (Part III): Testimony from AbbVie CEO Richard Gonzalez'' (May 18, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Richard Gonzalez, Chairman of the Board and CEO, AbbVie Inc.; Dr. Aaron Kesselheim, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Mr. Tahir Amin, Co-Founder and Co-Executive Director, Initiative for Medicines, Access, and Knowledge; Mr. Craig Garthwaite, Herman Smith Research Professor in Hospital and Health Services, Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. Hearing on ``Sleeping Danger: The Rock 'n Play and Failures in Infant Product Safety'' (June 7, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Ynon Kreiz, CEO, Mattel Inc.; Mr. Chuck Scothon, Senior Vice President and General Manager, Fisher-Price, Global Head of Infant and Preschool, Mattel Inc. Hearing on ``The SACKLER Act and Other Policies to Promote Accountability for the Sackler Family's Role in the Opioid Epidemic'' (June 8, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Alexis Pleus, Founder and Executive Director, Truth Pharm; The Honorable Maura Healey, Attorney General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; The Honorable Jim Carroll, Former Director, White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP); The Honorable Lawrence Wasden, Attorney General, State of Idaho; Mr. Patrick Radden Keefe, Author of Empire of Pain: The Secret History of the Sackler Dynasty. Hearing on ``The Capitol Insurrection: Unexplained Delays and Unanswered Questions (Part II)'' (June 15, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Christopher A. Wray, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); Lieutenant General Walter E. Piatt, Director of the Army Staff, U.S. Army; General Charles A. Flynn, Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific. Hearing on ``Leading by Example: The Need for Comprehensive Paid Leave for the Federal Workforce and Beyond'' (June 24, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Everett Kelley, National President, American Federation of Government Employees; Ms. Vicki Shabo, Senior Fellow, Paid Leave Policy and Strategy, Better Life Lab, New America; Ms. Lelaine Bigelow, Interim Vice President for Economic Justice and Congressional Relations, National Partnership for Women & Families; Mr. Eric Sorkin, Co-Owner, Runamok Maple; Ms. Hadley Heath Manning, Director of Policy, Independent Women's Forum. Hearing on ``Building Back with Justice: Environmental Justice Is Central to the American Jobs Plan'' (July 21, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Richard Moore, Co-Coordinator, Los Jardines Institute, National Co-Coordinator, Environmental Justice Health Alliance, Co-Chair, White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council; Ms. Nicole Lee Ndumele, Vice President, Racial Equity and Justice, Center for American Progress; Mr. Harold Mitchell, Founder and Executive Director, ReGenesis Community Development Corporation, Member, White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council; Ms. Raya Salter, Esq., Member, New York State Climate Action Council; Mr. Michael Leon Guerrero, Executive Director, Labor Network for Sustainability; Mr. Shay Hawkins, Chairman and CEO, Opportunity Funds Association. Hearing on ``A State of Crisis: Examining the Urgent Need to Protect and Expand Abortion Rights and Access'' (September 30, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Cori Bush, Member of Congress, First District of Missouri; The Honorable Barbara Lee, Co-Chair, Congressional Pro-Choice Caucus, Member of Congress, 13th District of California; The Honorable Kat Cammack, Member of Congress, Third District of Florida; The Honorable Pramila Jayapal, Member of Congress, Seventh District of Washington; The Honorable Judy Chu, Member of Congress, 27th District of California; Ms. Gloria Steinem, Feminist and Social Activist; Ms. Maleeha Aziz, Community Organizer, Texas Equal Access Fund; Ms. Ghazaleh Moayedi, M.D., Texas-based Obstetrician-Gynecologist (OB/GYN), Board Member, Physicians for Reproductive Health; Ms. Ingrid Skop, M.D., Texas-based OB/ GYN; Ms. Melissa Murray, Professor of Law, New York University; Ms. Loretta Ross, Co-Founder of the Reproductive Justice Movement, Associate Professor of the Study of Women and Gender, Smith College. Hearing on ``Hurricane Ida and Beyond: Readiness, Recovery, and Resilience'' (October 5, 2021). Witness: The Honorable Deanne Criswell, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency. Hearing on ``Assessing the Election `Audit' in Arizona and Threats to American Democracy'' (October 7, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Jack Sellers, Chairman, Board of Supervisors, Maricopa County, Arizona; Mr. Bill Gates, Vice Chairman, Board of Supervisors, Maricopa County, Arizona; Mr. David Becker, Executive Director and Founder, Center for Election Innovation and Research; Ms. Gowri Ramachandran, Senior Counsel, Brennan Center for Justice; Mr. Ken Bennett, Senate Audit Liaison, Former Secretary of State, Arizona. Hearing on ``The Equal Rights Amendment: Achieving Constitutional Equality for All'' (October 21, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Jennifer McClellan, Virginia State Senator; Ms. Bamby Salcedo, President, TransLatin@ Coalition, Board Member, ERA Coalition; Ms. Victoria Nourse, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center; Ms. Carol Jenkins, President, ERA Coalition; Ms. Alyssa Milano, Actor, ERA Advocate; Ms. Eleanor Smeal, President, Feminist Majority; Ms. Inez Feltscher Stepman, Senior Policy Analyst, Independent Women's Forum. Hearing on ``Fueling the Climate Crisis: Exposing Big Oil's Disinformation Campaign to Prevent Climate Action'' (October 28, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Darren Woods, CEO, ExxonMobil Corporation; Mr. David Lawler, CEO, BP America Inc.; Mr. Michael K. Wirth, CEO, Chevron Corporation; Ms. Gretchen Watkins, President, Shell Oil Company; Mr. Mike Sommers, President, American Petroleum Institute; Ms. Suzanne Clark, President and CEO, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; Mr. Neal Crabtree, Former Welding Foreman, Keystone XL Pipeline. Hearing on ``Cracking Down on Ransomware: Strategies for Disrupting Criminal Hackers and Building Resilience Against Cyber Threats'' (November 16, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Chris Inglis, National Cyber Director, Executive Office of the President (EOP); Mr. Brandon Wales, Executive Director, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA); Mr. Bryan Vorndran, Assistant Director, Cyber Division, FBI. Hearing on ``Cybersecurity for the New Frontier: Reforming the Federal Information Security Modernization Act'' (January 11, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Grant Schneider, Senior Director of Cybersecurity Services, Venable Federal Chief Information Security Officer, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) (2018- 2020), Senior Director for Cybersecurity Policy, National Security Council (2017-2020); Ms. Renee Wynn, CEO, RP Wynn Consulting LLC, Chief Information Officer (CIO), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2015-2020); Mr. Gordon Bitko, Senior Vice President of Policy, Public Sector, Information Technology Industry Council, CIO, FBI (2016-2019); Ms. Jennifer R. Franks, Director of Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO; Mr. Ross Nodurft, Executive Director, Alliance for Digital Innovation, Chief, OMB Cybersecurity Team (2015-2018). Hearing on ``Price Gouging in Military Contracts: New Inspector General Report Exposes Excess Profit Obtained by TransDigm Group'' (January 19, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Theresa S. Hull, Deputy IG, DOD Office of Inspector General (DODIG); Mr. Kevin Stein, CEO, TransDigm Group Inc.; Mr. Nicholas Howley, Founder and Executive Chairman, TransDigm Group Inc.; Mr. John Tenaglia, Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Principal Director, Defense Pricing and Contracting, DOD. Hearing on ``Fueling the Climate Crisis: Examining Big Oil's Climate Pledges'' (February 8, 2022). Witnesses: Dr. Michael E. Mann, Professor of Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University; Mr. Mark van Baal, Founder, Follow This; Ms. Tracey Lewis, Policy Counsel, Public Citizen; Ms. Katie Tubb, Senior Policy Analyst, The Heritage Foundation. Hearing on ``From Recession to Recovery: Examining the Impact of the American Rescue Plan's State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds'' (March 1, 2022). Witnesses: The Honorable JB Pritzker, Governor, State of Illinois; The Honorable Fawn Sharp, President, National Congress of American Indians; The Honorable Victoria Woods, Mayor of the City of Tacoma, First Vice President of the National League of Cities; The Honorable Gary Moore, Judge-Executive, Boone County, Kentucky, Immediate Past President, National Association of Counties; Dr. Michael Leachman, Vice President for State Fiscal Policy, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; Mr. Marc Joffe, Senior Policy Analyst, Reason Foundation. Hearing on ``HBCUs at Risk: Examining Federal Support for Historically Black Colleges and Universities'' (March 17, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Kylie Burke, President, Student Association, Howard University; Mr. Emmanuel Ukot, President, Student Government Association, Xavier University of Louisiana; Mr. Devan M. Vilfrard, Associate Chief Justice, Student Supreme Court, Florida A&M University; Dr. Michelle Asha Cooper, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Higher Education Programs, Acting Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education, Department of Education; Mr. Sean Haglund, Associate Director, Office for Bombing Prevention, DHS; Mr. Ryan T. Young, Executive Assistant Director, Intelligence Branch, FBI. Hearing on ``Examining Pathways to Universal Health Coverage'' (March 29, 2022). Witnesses: Christopher Willcox, MSW, St. Louis, Missouri; Nicole Lyons, New York City, New York; Chris Briggs, Woodburn, Virginia; Bishop Walter Starghill, Jr., Inkster, Michigan; Leslie Templeton, Boston, Massachusetts; Uche Blackstock, M.D., Emergency Physician, Founder and CEO, Advancing Health Equity; Sara Collins, Ph.D., Vice President of Health Coverage and Access, The Commonwealth Fund; Grace-Marie Turner, President, Galen Institute; Jeffrey Sachs, Ph.D., Director, Columbia University Center for Sustainable Development, President, United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network; Jamila Michener, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Cornell University Department of Government, Co-Director, Cornell University Center for Health Equity; Ady Barkan, J.D., Founder, Be a Hero. Hearing on ``It's Electric: Developing the Postal Service Fleet of the Future'' (April 5, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Tammy L. Whitcomb, Inspector General, USPS; Ms. Victoria K. Stephen, Executive Director, Next Generation Delivery Vehicle, USPS; Ms. Jill M. Naamane, Acting Director, Physical Infrastructure Team, GAO; Mr. Joe Britton, Executive Director, Zero Emission Transportation Association; Mr. Kenny Stein, Director, Policy, Institute for Energy Research. Hearing on ``McKinsey & Company's Conduct and Conflicts at the Heart of the Opioid Epidemic'' (April 27, 2022). Witnesses: Bob Sternfels, Global Managing Partner, McKinsey & Company; The Honorable Maura Healey, Attorney General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in joint testimony with Ms. Gillian Feiner, Senior Enforcement Counsel, Massachusetts Attorney General's Office; Mr. Uttam Dhillon, Chair, Regulatory Defense, Compliance & White Collar Practice Group, Michael Best & Friedrich LLP; Professor Jessica Tillipman, Assistant Dean for Government Procurement Law Studies, George Washington University Law School. Hearing on ``The Urgent Need to Address the Gun Violence Epidemic'' (June 8, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Zeneta Everhart, Mother of Zaire Goodman, Buffalo, New York; Mr. Roy Guerrero, M.D., Pediatrician, Uvalde, Texas; Miah Cerrillo, Fourth Grade Student at Robb Elementary School, Uvalde, Texas; Mr. Felix Rubio and Ms. Kimberly Rubio, Parents of Lexi Rubio, Uvalde, Texas; Ms. Lucretia Hughes, DC Project, Women for Gun Rights; The Honorable Eric Adams, Mayor, New York, New York; Mr. Greg Jackson, Jr., Executive Director, Community Justice Action Fund; Ms. Becky Pringle, President, National Education Association; Mr. Joseph Gramaglia, Police Commissioner, Buffalo, New York; Nick Suplina, Senior Vice President for Law & Policy, Everytown for Gun Safety; Ms. Amy Swearer, Legal Fellow, The Heritage Foundation. Hearing on ``Tackling Toxic Workplaces: Examining the NFL's Handling of Workplace Misconduct at the Washington Commanders'' (June 22, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Roger Goodell, Commissioner, National Football League (NFL); Mr. Daniel Snyder (invited), Co-Owner and Co-CEO, Washington Commanders. Hearing on ``Examining the 2022 National Drug Control Strategy and the Federal Response to the Overdose Crisis'' (June 27, 2022). Witness: Dr. Rahul Gupta, Director, ONDCP, EOP. Hearing on ``The Impact of the Supreme Court's Dobbs Decision on Abortion Rights and Access Across the United States'' (July 13, 2022). Witnesses: The Honorable Mallory McMorrow, State Senator, Michigan State Senate; The Honorable Renitta Shannon, State Representative, Georgia House of Representatives; Ms. Michele Bratcher Goodwin, Chancellor's Professor of Law, University of California, Irvine; Ms. Fatima Goss Graves, President and CEO, National Women's Law Center; Ms. Sarah Lopez, Abortion Storyteller, We Testify, Youth Program Manager, Jane's Due Process; Ms. Erin Morrow Hawley, Senior Counsel, Alliance Defending Freedom. Hearing on ``Examining the Practices and Profits of Gun Manufacturers'' (July 27, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Christopher Killoy, President and CEO, Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc.; Marty Daniel, CEO, Daniel Defense, LLC; Mr. Ryan Busse, Senior Advisor, Giffords Law Center; Ms. Kelly Sampson, Senior Counsel and Director of Racial Justice, Brady: United Against Gun Violence; Ms. Antonia Okafor, National Director of Women's Outreach, Gun Owners of America. Hearing on ``Fueling the Climate Crisis: Examining Big Oil's Prices, Profits and Pledges'' (September 15, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Kara Boyd, Baskerville, Virginia; Mr. Thomas Joseph, Hoopa Valley Tribe, California; Ms. Roishetta Ozane, Sulphur, Louisiana; Ms. Mary Cromer, Whitesburg, Kentucky; Ms. Jasmin Sanchez, Baruch Houses, New York; Ms. Isabella M. Weber, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Ms. Raya Salter, Esq., Founder and Executive Director, Energy Justice Law and Policy Center, Member, New York State Climate Action Council; Ms. J. Mijin Cha, Ph.D., J.D., Associate Professor of Urban and Environmental Policy, Occidental College, Fellow, Cornell University Worker Institute; Mr. Michael Shellenberger, Founder and President, Environmental Progress. Hearing on ``Examining the Harm to Patients from Abortion Restrictions and the Threat of a National Abortion Ban'' (September 29, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Jocelyn Frye, President, National Partnership for Women & Families; Ms. Kelsey Leigh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mr. Bhavik Kumar, M.D., M.P.H, Medical Director for Primary and Trans Care, Planned Parenthood Gulf Coast; Ms. Nisha Verma, M.D., M.P.H, FACOG, Fellow, Physicians for Reproductive Health; Ms. Monique Wubbenhorst, M.D., M.P.H, FACOG, FAHA, Senior Research Associate, Notre Dame. Hearing on ``The Rise of Anti-LGBTQI+ Extremism and Violence in the United States'' (December 14, 2022).Witnesses: Mr. Michael Anderson, Survivor of Club Q Shooting; Mr. Matthew Haynes, Founding Owner of Club Q; Mr. James Slaugh, Survivor of Club Q Shooting; Ms. Kelley Robinson, President; Human Rights Campaign; Ms. Olivia Hunt, Policy Director; National Center for Transgender Equality; Ms. Ilan Meyer, Ph.D., Distinguished Senior Scholar for Public Policy, The Williams Institute; Mr. Charles Fain Lehman, Fellow, Manhattan Institute; Ms. Jessie Pocock, CEO and Executive Director, Inside Out Youth Services; Mr. Brandon Wolf, Survivor of Pulse Nightclub Shooting. B. Subcommittee on National Security In the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee on National Security held 12 hearings and received testimony from 39 witnesses. Those hearings include: Hearing on ``A Pathway for Peace in Afghanistan: Examining the Findings and Recommendations of the Afghanistan Study Group'' (February 19, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Kelly A. Ayotte, Co-Chair, Afghanistan Study Group; General Joseph F. Dunford Jr. (ret.), Co-Chair, Afghanistan Study Group; The Honorable Nancy Lindborg, Co-Chair, Afghanistan Study Group. Hearing on ``Final Recommendations of the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence'' (March 12, 2021). Witnesses: Dr. Eric Schmidt, Chairman, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence; The Honorable Robert Work, Vice Chairman, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence; The Honorable Mignon Clyburn, Commissioner, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence; Mr. Gilman Louie, Commissioner, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence. Hearing on ``The Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's 2021 High-Risk List'' (March 16, 2021). Witness: The Honorable John F. Sopko, Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. Hearing on ``Examining Next Steps for U.S. Engagement in Afghanistan'' (May 20, 2021). Witness: Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Department of State. Hearing on ``Defending the U.S. Electric Grid Against Cyber Threats'' (July 27, 2021). Witnesses: Puesh M. Kumar, Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, Department of Energy; Mr. Eric Goldstein, Executive Assistant Director for Cybersecurity, CISA, DHS; Mr. Joseph H. McClelland, Director, Office of Energy Infrastructure Security, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Hearing on ``Invisible Wounds: Preventing Suicide in Our Nation's Military and Veteran Communities'' (November 17, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Alyssa M. Hundrup, Director, Health Care, GAO); Brigadier General (ret.) Jack Hammond, Executive Director, Home Base Program; Dr. Carla Stumpf-Patton, Senior Director, Postvention Programs, Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors; Staff Sergeant (ret.) Johnny Jones, Board of Directors, Boot Campaign. Hearing on ``Examining the Worldwide Threat of al Qaeda, ISIS, and Other Foreign Terrorist Organizations'' (December 7, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Milancy D. Harris, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Special Operations and Combating Terrorism, DOD; Mr. Christopher A. Landberg, Acting Principal Deputy Coordinator, Bureau of Counterterrorism, Department of State. Hearing on ``Defending U.S. Allies and Interests Against Russian Aggression in Eastern Europe'' (February 16, 2022). Witnesses: Lieutenant General (ret.) Ben Hodges, Pershing Chair in Strategic Studies, Center for European Policy Analysis; Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Ph.D., Director, Transatlantic Security Program, Center for a New American Security; The Honorable Michael McFaul, Director, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University; The Honorable Richard Grenell, Former Acting DNI. Hearing on ``The U.S. and International Humanitarian Response to Russia's Invasion of Ukraine'' (June 10, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Jose Andres, Founder and Chief Feeding Officer, World Central Kitchen; Mr. Christopher Stokes, Emergency Coordinator for Ukraine Medecins Sans Frontieres/Doctors Without Borders; Ms. Amanda Catanzano, Acting Vice President, Global Policy and Advocacy, International Rescue Committee; Mr. Pete Walsh, Country Director for Ukraine, Save the Children; Mr. Edward Graham, Vice President of Operations, Samaritan's Purse. Hearing on ``Protecting Military Servicemembers and Veterans from Financial Scams and Fraud'' (July 13, 2022). Witnesses: Malini Mithal, Associate Director, Division of Financial Practices, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commission; Jim Rice, Assistant Director, Office of Servicemember Affairs, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau; Brendan Carr, Commissioner, Federal Communications Commission; Troy Broussard, Senior Advisor, Veterans and Military Families Initiative, AARP; Robert Burda, Interim CEO and Chief Strategy Officer, Cybercrime Support Network. Hearing on ``Putin's Proxies: Examining Russia's Use of Private Military Companies'' (September 21, 2022). Witnesses: Kimberly Marten, Ph.D., Professor, Political Science Department, Barnard College, Columbia University; Catrina Doxsee, Associate Director, Transnational Threats Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Joseph Siegle, Ph.D., Director of Research, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University. Hearing on ``JROTC: Protecting Cadets from Sexual Abuse and Instructor Misconduct'' (November 16, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Thomas Constable, Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs; Ms. Yvette K. Bourcicot, Acting Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Department of the Army; The Honorable Alex Wagner, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Department of the Air Force; Mr. Robert D. Hogue, Acting Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Department of the Navy. C. Subcommittee on Government Operations In the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee on Government Operations held 19 hearings and received testimony from 74 witnesses. Those hearings include: Hearing on ``Revitalizing the Federal Workforce'' (February 23, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Janice R. Lachance, Executive Vice President, Strategic Leadership and Global Outreach, American Geophysical Union; Mr. Everett B. Kelley, National President, American Federation of Government Employees; Ms. Anne Joseph O'Connell, Ph.D., Adelbert H. Sweet Professor of Law, Stanford University; Mr. James Sherk, Former Specialist Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, White House Domestic Policy Council. Hearing on ``Agency Compliance with the Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act (FITARA)'' (April 16, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Gundeep Ahluwalia, CIO, Department of Labor; Mr. Jay Mahanand, CIO, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); Mr. Kevin Walsh, Director of Information Technology and Cybersecurity Issues, GAO. Hearing on ``Restoring Independence: Rebuilding the Federal Offices of Inspectors General'' (April 20, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Allison C. Lerner, Inspector General, National Science Foundation Office of Inspector General (OIG), Chair, Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE); Ms. Kathy A. Buller, Inspector General, Peace Corps OIG, Legislative Committee Chair, CIGIE Legislation Committee; Mr. Clark K. Ervin, Former Inspector General, DHS OIG and Department of State OIG; Ms. Liz Hempowicz, Director of Public Policy, POGO; Ms. Mia M. Forgy, Deputy Inspector General, U.S. Election Assistance Commission OIG. Hearing on ``Catalyst for Change: State and Local IT After the Pandemic'' (June 30, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Doug Robinson, Executive Director, National Association of State Chief Information Officers; Ms. Amanda Renteria, CEO, Code for America; Ms. Teri M. Takai, Vice President, Center for Digital Government; Mr. Alan R. Shark, Ph.D., Executive Director, Public Technology Institute (a Division of CompTIA). Hearing on ``FITARA 12.0'' (July 28, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Clare Martorana, Federal CIO, OMB; Mr. Keith A. Bluestein, CIO, Small Business Administration; Mr. Sean Brune, CIO, Social Security Administration; Ms. Carol C. Harris, Director, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO. Hearing on ``Waiting on the Mail: Postal Service Standard Drops in Chicago and the Surrounding Area'' (October 15, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Melinda Perez, Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Audit, USPS OIG; Mr. Eddie C. Morgan, Jr., Acting Chicago Postmaster, USPS; Mr. Mack I. Julion, President, National Association of Letter Carriers. Hearing on ``The Future of Federal Work'' (December 1, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Mika J. Cross, Federal Workplace Expert; Mr. Kenneth J. Thomas, National President, National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association; Ms. Michelle Amante, Vice President, Federal Workforce Programs, Partnership for Public Service; Ms. Meredith M. Lozar, Executive Director, Programs and Events, Hiring Our Heroes, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation; Mr. Andrew G. Biggs, Ph.D., Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute. Hearing on ``FITARA 13.0'' (January 20, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Ann Dunkin, CIO, Department of Energy; Mr. Guy Cavallo, CIO, Office of Personnel Management (OPM); Ms. Carol C. Harris, Director, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO; Mr. David Powner, Executive Director, Center for Data-Driven Policy, MITRE, Former Director, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO; Ms. Suzette Kent, CEO, Kent Advisory Services, Former Federal CIO; Mr. Richard Spires, Principal, Richard A. Spires Consulting. Hearing on ``Revitalizing WMATA [Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority]: Getting to a Culture of Excellence'' (February 9, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Paul C. Smedberg, Board Chair, Board of Directors, WMATA; Mr. Paul J. Wiedefeld, General Manager, WMATA; Mr. David Ditch, Policy Analyst, Grover M. Hermann Center for the Federal Budget, The Heritage Foundation; Mr. Geoffrey Cherrington, Inspector General, WMATA; Mr. David L. Mayer, Ph.D., CEO, Washington Metrorail Safety Commission. Hearing on ``Waiting on the Mail: Postal Service Standard Drops in Baltimore and the Surrounding Area'' (February 14, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Eric Gilbert, Acting Executive Postmaster, Baltimore, USPS; Ms. Melinda Perez, Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Audit, USPS OIG; Ms. Rictarsha Westmoreland, Mail Processing Clerk and Shop Steward, USPS; Mr. Chuck Metzger, Controller, ReBUILD Metro. Hearing on ``Follow the Money: Tackling Improper Payments'' (March 31, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Linda Miller, Principal, Advisory Services, Grant Thornton, LLP, Former Deputy Executive Director, Pandemic Response Accountability Committee, Former Assistant Director, GAO; Mr. Scott Jensen, CEO and Vice President of External Affairs, Research Improving People's Lives, Former Director, Rhode Island Department of Labor & Training; Mr. Adrian Haro, CEO, The Workers Lab; Ms. Rachel Greszler, Research Fellow, The Heritage Foundation; Ms. Parker Gilkesson, Senior Policy Analyst, Income and Work Supports, The Center for Law and Social Policy. Hearing on ``IRS: Is It Ready?'' (April 22, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Charles P. Rettig, Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service; Ms. Erin M. Collins, National Taxpayer Advocate, Taxpayer Advocate Service. Hearing on ``Technology Modernization Fund: Rewriting Our IT Legacy'' (May 25, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Raylene Yung, Technology Modernization Fund Executive Director, General Services Administration (GSA); Mr. Gary Washington, CIO, Department of Agriculture; Mr. David Hinchman, Acting Director, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO. Hearing on ``The Future of Federal Work II'' (July 21, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Kiran A. Ahuja, Director, OPM; Mr. Jason S. Miller, Deputy Director for Management, OMB. Hearing on ``FITARA 14.0'' (July 28, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Vaughn Noga, CIO, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Mr. John Sherman, CIO, DOD; Mr. David A. Shive, CIO, GSA; Ms. Carol C. Harris, Director, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO. Hearing on ``Delivering for Pennsylvania: Examining Postal Service Delivery and Operations from the Cradle of Liberty'' (September 7, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Ivan Butts, President, National Association of Postal Supervisors; Mr. Gary Vaccarella, DE PA2 District Manager, USPS; Ms. Melinda Perez, Assistant Inspector General for Audit, USPS OIG; Mr. Frank Albergo, National President, Postal Police Officers Association. Hearing on ``Project Federal Information Technology: Make IT Work'' (September 16, 2022). Witness: Ms. Clare Martorana, Federal CIO, OMB. Hearing on ``The Holiday Rush: Is the Postal Service Ready?'' (November 16, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Tammy W. Hull, Inspector General, USPS OIG; Mr. Gregory T. White, Executive Managers of Strategic Initiatives, USPS; Mr. Edmund M. Carley, National President, United Postmasters and Managers of America; Paul V. Hogrogian, National President, National Postal Mail Handlers Union; Mr. Michael Plunkett, President and CEO, Association for Postal Commerce. Hearing on ``FITARA 15.0'' (December 15, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Chris DeRusha, Federal CIO, OMB; Mr. Jason Gray, CIO, USAID; Ms. Carol C. Harris, Director, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO; Ms. Jennifer Franks, Director, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO. D. Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy In the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy held 4 hearings and received testimony from 20 witnesses. Those hearings include: Hearing on ``The Urgent Need to Reform the Organ Transplantation System to Secure More Organs for Waiting, Ailing, and Dying Patients'' (May 4, 2021). Witnesses: Tonya Ingram, Patient Waiting for a Transplant; Dr. Dara Kass, Living Donor and Mother of Transplant Recipient; Ms. LaQuayia Goldring, Patient Waiting for a Transplant; Mr. Steve Miller, CEO, Association for Organ Procurement Organizations; Mr. Joe Ferreira, President, Association for Organ Procurement Organizations; Mr. Matt Wadsworth, President and CEO, Life Connection of Ohio; Dr. Seth Karp, Director, Vanderbilt Transplant Center; Ms. Donna Cryer, President and CEO, Global Liver Institute. Hearing on ``An Epidemic Continues: Youth Vaping in America'' (June 23, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Richard J. Durbin, United States Senator; Dr. Janet Woodcock, Acting Commissioner, FDA. Hearing on ``Seresto Flea and Tick Collars: Examining Why a Product Linked to More than 2,500 Pet Deaths Remains on the Market'' (June 15, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Faye Hemsley, Pet Owner Affected by Seresto Collar; Mr. Omarion Hemsley, Pet Owner Affected by Seresto Collar; Mr. Thomas Maiorino, Pet Owner Affected by Seresto Collar; Mr. Jeffrey Simmons, President and CEO, Elanco Animal Health Incorporated; Mr. Nathan Donley, Ph.D., Environmental Health Science Director, Center for Biological Diversity; Ms. Karen McCormack, Former Scientist, Policy Analyst, and Communications Officer (ret.), Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA; Ms. Carrie Sheffield, Senior Policy Analyst, Independent Women's Voice. Hearing on ``Power and Profiteering: How Certain Industries Hike Prices, Fleeced Consumers, and Drove Inflation'' (September 22, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Robert B. Reich, Carmel P. Friesen Professor of Public Policy, The Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley; Ms. Rakeen Mabud, Ph.D., Chief Economist and Managing Director of Policy and Research, Groundwork Collaborative; Mr. Mike Konczal, Director, Macroeconomic Analysis, Roosevelt Institute; Mr. Tyler Goodspeed, Kleinheinz Fellow, Hoover Institution. E. Subcommittee on Environment In the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee on Environment held 6 hearings and received testimony from 35 witnesses. Those hearings include: Hearing on ``The Role of Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Preventing Action on the Climate Crisis'' (April 22, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Greta Thunberg, Founder, Fridays For Future; Ms. Tara Houska, Founder, Giniw Collective; Mr. Joseph Aldy, Professor, Harvard University; Mr. Peter Erickson, Climate, Policy Program Director, Stockholm Environmental Institute; Ms. Jill Antares Hunkler, Seventh Generation Ohio Valley Resident; Mr. Frank J. Macchiarola, Senior Vice President of Policy, Economics and Regulatory Affairs, American Petroleum Institute. Hearing on ``Jumpstarting Main Street: Bringing Jobs & Wealth Back to Forgotten America'' (June 16, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Rick Bloomingdale, President, Pennsylvania AFL CIO; Ms. Catherine Coleman Flowers, Founder, Center for Rural Enterprise and Environmental Justice; Dr. Darrick Hamilton, Henry Cohen Professor of Economics and Urban Policy, The New School; Mr. Brandon Dennison, Founder and CEO, Coalfield Development; Ms. Michelle Martinez, Acting Executive Director, Michigan Environment Justice Coalition; Mr. Shay Hawkins, President, Opportunity Funds Association. Hearing on ``Fighting Fire with Fire: Evaluating the Role of Forest Management in Reducing Catastrophic Wildfires'' (March 15, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Randy Moore, Chief, Forest Service, USDA; Ms. Ali Meders-Knight, Master Traditional Ecological Knowledge Practitioner, Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria; Mr. Dominick A. DellaSala, Ph.D., Chief Scientist, Wild Heritage, Project of Earth Island Institute; Mr. Michael Gollner, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Deb Faculty Fellow, Berkeley Fire Research Lab; Ms. Carole King, Celebrated Singer-songwriter and Land Conservation Advocate; Mr. James Hubbard, Former USDA Undersecretary, Natural Resources and Environment. Hearing on ``Regenerative Agriculture: How Farmers and Ranchers Are Essential to Solving Climate Change and Increasing Food Production'' (July 19, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Bonnie Haugen, Owner, Springside Farm; Ms. Kara Boyd, President, Association of American Indian Farmers; Mr. Doug Doughty, Missouri Grain Farmer and Cattle Producer; Ms. Rachel Schattman, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Maine; Mr. Brian Lacefield, Director, Kentucky Office of Agricultural Policy. Hearing on ``Toxic Air: How Leaded Aviation Fuel Is Poisoning America's Children'' (July 28, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Marciela Lechuga, Resident, Reid-Hillview Airport Buffer Zone; Ms. Cindy Chavez, Supervisor, County of Santa Clara (California); Mr. Bruce Lanphear, Professor, Health Sciences, Mr. Simon Fraser University; Mr. George Braly, CEO, General Aviation Modifications, Inc.; Mr. Chris D'Acosta, CEO, Swift Fuels. Hearing on ``Effective Environmental Enforcement: Tools and Strategies to Protect Vulnerable Communities'' (August 25, 2022). Witnesses: Mr. Robert Shobe, Resident of Detroit, Stellantis Pollution Impact Zone; Ms. Pamela McGhee, Resident of Detroit, U.S. Ecology Impact Zone; Ms. Daeya Redding, Resident of Detroit, U.S. Ecology Impact Zone; Mr. Nicholas Leonard, Executive Director, Great Lakes Environmental Law Center; Ms. Jamesa Johnson-Greer, Executive Director, Michigan Environmental Justice Coalition; Ms. Eden Bloom, Public Education and Media Manager, Detroit People's Platform; Mr. Stuart Batterman, Ph.D., Professor, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health. F. Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties In the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties held 12 hearings and received testimony from 66 witnesses. Those hearings include: Hearing on ``Pipelines Over People (Part II): Midship Pipeline's Disregard for Landowners in Its Pathway'' (May 5, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. Christopher A. Smith, Senior Vice President, Policy, Government and Public Affairs, Cheniere Energy, Parent Company of Midship Pipeline Co.; Mr. Rob Squires, Landowner Advocate, Squires Consulting, LLC; Mr. Terry Luber, Landowner; Mr. Samuel B. Gedge, Attorney, Institute for Justice. Hearing on ``Confronting Violent White Supremacy (Part V): Examining the Rise of Militia Extremism'' (May 26, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Gurbir Grewal, New Jersey Attorney General; Ms. Mary McCord, Legal Director, Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection, Georgetown University; Mr. Peter Simi, Associate Professor of Sociology, Chapman University; Mr. Michael Gonzalez, Senior Fellow, Heritage Foundation. Hearing on ``Democracy in Danger: The Assault on Voting Rights in Texas'' (July 29, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Senfronia Thompson, Texas State Representative, Member, Select Committee on Constitutional Rights and Remedies; The Honorable Nicole Collier, Texas State Representative, Chair, Texas Legislative Black Caucus; The Honorable Diego Bernal, Texas State Representative, Member, Mexican American Legislative Conference; Ms. Nina Perales, Vice President of Litigation, Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund; The Honorable Tracy Clardy, Texas State Representative. Hearing on ``Confronting Violent White Supremacy (Part VI): Examining the Biden Administration's Counterterrorism Strategy'' (September 29, 2021). Witnesses: Mr. John D. Cohen, Coordinator for Counterterrorism, DHS; Mr. Brad Wiegmann, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division, DOJ; Timothy R. Langan, Assistant Director, Counterterrorism Division, FBI. Hearing on ``Forfeiting our Rights: The Urgent Need for Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform'' (December 8, 2021). Witnesses: Ms. Aamra Ahmad, Senior Policy Counsel, American Civil Liberties Union; Mr. Daniel Alban, Senior Attorney and Co- Director, National Initiative to End Forfeiture Abuse Institute for Justice; Professor Louis F. Rulli, Practice Professor of Law, Director of Civil Practice Clinic & Legislative Clinic, University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School; Ms. Malinda Harris, Victim of Civil Asset Forfeiture. Hearing on ``The Neglected Epidemic of Missing BIPOC Women and Girls'' (March 3, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Natalie Wilson, Co- Founder, Black and Missing Foundation; Ms. Angel Charley, Executive Director, Coalition to Stop Violence Against Native Women; Mr. John E. Bischoff III, Vice President, Missing Children Division, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children; Ms. Pamela Foster, Mother of Missing Child; Mr. Shawn Wilkinson, Father of Missing Child; Ms. Patrice Onwuka, Director, Center for Economic Opportunity, Independent Women's Forum. Hearing on ``Free Speech Under Attack: Book Bans and Academic Censorship'' (April 7, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Shreya Mehta, High School Student, Richland, Washington; Ms. Olivia Pituch, High School Student, York County, Pennsylvania; Ms. Christina Ellis, High School Student, York County, Pennsylvania; Ms. Samantha Hull, Librarian, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; Ms. Mindy Freeman, Parent, Bucks County, Pennsylvania; Dr. Jonathan W. Pidluzny, Vice President of Academic Affairs, American Council of Trustees and Alumni; Ms. Jessica Berg, Teacher, Loudon County, Virginia; Ms. Ruby Bridges, Civil Rights Activist, Author. Hearing on ``Free Speech Under Attack (Part II): Curriculum Sabotage and Classroom Censorship'' (May 19, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Elle Caldon, Student, Dallas County, Texas; Ms. Claire Mengel, Student, Hamilton County, Ohio; Ms. Krisha Ramani, Student, Oakland County, Michigan; Mr. Willie Carver, Teacher, Montgomery County High School, Kentucky; Ms. Jennifer Cousins, Parent, Orlando, Florida; Ms. Suzanne Nossel, CEO, PEN America; Prof. Timothy Snyder, Richard C. Levin Professor of History, Yale University; Dr. James Whitfield, Former Principal, Colleyville Heritage High School; Ms. Virginia Gentles, Director, Education Freedom Center. Hearing on ``Free Speech Under Attack (Part III): The Legal Assault on Environmental Activists and the First Amendment'' (September 14, 2022). Witnesses: Prof. Anita Ramasastry, Henry M. Jackson Professor of Law, University of Washington School of Law; Elly Page, Senior Legal Advisor, International Center for Not-for-Profit Law; Deepa Padmanabha, Deputy General Counsel, Greenpeace USA; Anne White Hat, Sicangu Lakota, L'eau Est La Vie Camp; Daren Bakst, Senior Research Fellow, Environmental Policy and Regulation, The Heritage Foundation. Hearing on ``Protecting the People's Voice: The Need for a Voting Rights Amendment'' (September 30, 2022). Witnesses: Prof. Kate Shaw, Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Flosheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy, Cardozo Law; Prof. Alexander Keyssar, Matthew W. Sterling Jr. Professor of History and Social Policy, Harvard Kennedy School; Ms. Leigh M. Chapman, Acting Secretary of State, State of Pennsylvania; Mr. Tom A. Saenz, President and General Counsel, Mexican American Legal Defense Fund; Dr. Rick Hasen, Professor of Law and Director of the Safeguarding Democracy Project, UCLA Law. Hearing on ``Developments in State Cannabis Laws and Bipartisan Cannabis Reforms at the Federal Level'' (November 12, 2022). Witnesses: Hon. Randall Woodfin, Mayor, City of Birmingham, Alabama; Mr. Paul Armentano, Deputy Director, National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws; Mr. Andrew Freedman, Executive Director, Coalition for Cannabis Policy, Education, and Regulation; Mr. Eric Goepel, Founder and CEO, Veterans Cannabis Coalition; Ms. Keeda Haynes, Senior Legal Advisor, Free Hearts; Ms. Amber Littlejohn, Senior Policy Advisor, Global Alliance for Cannabis Commerce; Ms. Jillian Snider, Policy Director of Criminal Justice and Civil Liberties, R Street Institute. Hearing on ``Confronting White Supremacy (Part VII): The Evolution of Anti-Democratic Extremist Groups and the Ongoing Threat to Democracy'' (December 13, 2022). Witnesses: Ms. Alejandra Caraballo, Clinical Instructor, Cyberlaw Clinic, Harvard Law School; Ms. Mary McCord, Executive Director of Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection, Georgetown Law; Mr. Oren Segal, Vice President, Center on Extremism, Anti-Defamation League; Ms. Amanda Tyler, Executive Director, Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty; Mr. Eric Ward, Executive Vice President, Race Forward and Senior Advisor, Western States Center; Ms. Asra Nomani, Senior Fellow in the Practice of Journalism, Independent Women's Network. G. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis In the 117th Congress, the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis held 23 hearings, receiving testimony from 95 witnesses. Those hearings include: Hearing on ``From Rescue to Recovery: Building a Thriving and Inclusive Post-Pandemic Economy'' (March 17, 2021). Witnesses: Joseph E. Stiglitz, University Professor, Columbia University, Nobel Laureate in Economics; William E. Spriggs, Chief Economist, AFL CIO, Professor, Department of Economics, Howard University; Larry Kudlow, Former National Economic Council Director (2018 2021). Hearing on ``Rooting Out Fraud in Small Business Relief Programs'' (March 25, 2021). Witnesses: The Honorable Michael E. Horowitz, Chair, Pandemic Response Accountability Committee, Inspector General, DOJ; William B. Shear, Ph.D., Director, Financial Markets and Community Investment, Government Accountability Office (GAO); The Honorable Hannibal ``Mike'' Ware, Inspector General, Small Business Administration. Hearing on ``Reaching the Light at the End of the Tunnel: A Science-Driven Approach to Swiftly and Safely Ending the Pandemic'' (April 15, 2021). Witnesses: Rochelle P. Walensky, M.D., M.P.H, Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; David Kessler, M.D., Chief Science Officer, COVID Response, HHS. Hearing on ``Examining Emergent BioSolutions'' Failure to Protect Public Health and Public Funds'' (May 19, 2021). Witnesses: Robert G. Kramer, President and CEO, Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.; Fuad El-Hibri, Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. Hearing on ``Lessons Learned: The Federal Reserve's Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic'' (June 22, 2021). Witness: The Honorable Jerome H. Powell, Chair, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Hearing on ``Building Trust and Battling Barriers: The Urgent Need to Overcome Vaccine Hesitancy'' (July 1, 2021). Witnesses: Georges Benjamin, M.D., Executive Director, American Public Health Association; Joshua Garza, Coronavirus Survivor; Katy Milkman, Ph.D., Professor of Operations, Information, and Decisions at the Wharton School, Professor, Division of Health Policy at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Jerome Adams, M.D., M.P.H., Former Surgeon General of the United States (2017 2021); Sophia Bush, Actress, Activist, Entrepreneur. Hearing on ``Oversight of Pandemic Evictions: Assessing Abuses by Corporate Landlords and Federal Efforts to Keep Americans in Their Homes'' (July 27, 2021). Witnesses: Jim Baker, Executive Director, Private Equity Stakeholder Project; Katrina Chism, Affected Renter, Georgia; Diane Yentel, President & CEO, National Low Income Housing Coalition (NLIHC); Rene Solis, Chief Program Officer, BakerRipley, Houston, TX; Joel Griffith, Research Fellow, the Heritage Foundation. Hearing on ``Recognizing and Building on the Success of Pandemic Relief Programs'' (September 22, 2021). Witnesses: Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach, Professor of Human Development and Social Policy Director, Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University; Rev. Dr. Starsky Wilson, President Children's Defense Fund; H. Luke Shaefer, Professor of Social Justice and Social Policy, Associate Dean for Research and Policy Engagement, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan; Indivar Dutta-Gupta, Co-Executive Director, Georgetown Center on Poverty & Inequality Georgetown, University Law Center; Douglas Holtz-Eakin, President, American Action Forum. Hearing on ``Upgrading Public Health Infrastructure: The Need to Protect, Rebuild, and Strengthen State and Local Public Health Departments'' (September 29, 2021). Witnesses: Dr. Jennifer Bacani McKenney, Health Officer, Wilson County Health Department (Kansas); Dr. Beth Resnick, Assistant Dean for Practice and Training, Senior Scientist, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University; Dr. Mysheika Roberts, Health Commissioner, Columbus Public Health (Ohio); Dr. Joseph Kanter, State Health Officer and Medical Director, Louisiana Department of Health. Hearing on ``How the Meatpacking Industry Failed the Workers Who Feed America'' (October 27, 2021). Witnesses: Debbie Berkowitz, Practitioner Fellow, Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor, Georgetown University; Magaly Licolli, Co-Founder & Executive Director, Venceremos; Martin Rosas President, United Food and Commercial Workers Local 2; Rose Godinez, Interim Legal Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Nebraska. Hearing on ``Building Vaccine Confidence: Our Shot at Curbing the Pandemic in Chicago and Beyond'' (November 10, 2021). Witnesses: Lori Lightfoot, Mayor, City of Chicago; Ngozi Ezike, M.D., Director, Illinois Department of Public Health; Helen D. Gayle, M.D., President and CEO, The Chicago Community Trust; Omar Khan, M.D., Co-Chair, Muslim Community Center's Health & Awareness Committee; Martha Martinez, Manager, Pandemic Health Navigator Program (Gail Borden Public Library District); Don Abram, Program Manager, Interfaith Youth Core; Ben O'Donnell, Coronavirus Survivor. Hearing on ``Combating Coronavirus Cons and the Monetization of Misinformation'' (November 17, 2021). Witnesses: Dr. Jeffrey Aeschlimann, Associate Professor, Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut (UConn); Dr. Kolina Koltai, Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for an Informed Public, University of Washington Information School; Dr. Jay Kennedy, Assistant Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Assistant Director of Research, Center for Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protection, Michigan State University; Ms. Maria Teresa Kumar, President and CEO, Voto Latino. Hearing on ``A Global Crisis Needs a Global Solution: The Urgent Need to Accelerate Vaccinations Around the World'' (December 14, 2021). Witnesses: Dr. Ali Khan, Dean, College of Public Health, Professor, Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Dr. Krishna Udayakumar, Associate Director for Innovation, Duke Global Health Institute, Associate Professor of Global Health and Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Director, Duke Global Health Innovation Center; Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, University of Maryland; Ms. Kathryn Russ, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Economic, University of California, Davis; Mr. Martin Makary, M.D., M.P.H., Professor of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Hearing on ``A View from the States, Territories, and District: Governors Respond to the Omicron Variant'' (January 20, 2022). Witnesses: Governor Jay Inslee, State of Washington; Governor Jared Polis, State of Colorado; Governor Pedro Pierluisi, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; Mayor Muriel Bowser, District of Columbia; Governor Pete Ricketts, State of Nebraska. Hearing on ``COVID Child Care Challenges: Supporting Families and Caregivers'' (March 2, 2022). Witnesses: Lea J.E. Austin, Ed.D., Executive Director, Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, University of California; Gina Forbes, Early Childhood Educator and Parent, Brunswick, Maine; Lynette M. Fraga, Ph.D., CEO, Child Care Aware of America; Betsey Stevenson, Ph.D., Professor of Public Policy, Professor Economics, University of Michigan; Carries Luka, President, Independent Women's Forum. Hearing on ``Moving Beyond the Coronavirus Crisis: The Biden Administration's Progress in Combating the Pandemic and Plan for the NextPhase'' (March 30, 2022). Witnesses: The Honorable Rochelle Walensky, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; The Honorable Dawn O'Connell, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, HHS; Vice Admiral Vivek Murthy, M.D., M.P.H., United States Surgeon General, HHS. Hearing on ``Ensuring Scientific Integrity at Our Nation's Public Health Agencies'' (April 29, 2022). Witnesses: The Honorable Gene Dodaro, Comptroller General of the United States, GAO; Candice Wright, M.P.P., Director, Science, Technology Assessment, and Analytics, GAO; Sonja Rasmussen, M.D., M.S., Former Editor-in-Chief, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015-2018), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anita Desikan, M.S., M.P.H., Senior Analyst, Center for Science and Democracy, Union of Concerned Scientists. Hearing on ``Underpaid, Overworked, and Underappreciated: How the Pandemic Economy Disproportionately Harmed Low-Wage Women Workers'' (May 17, 2022). Witnesses: Dr. C. Nicole Mason, President and CEO, Institute for Women's Policy Research; Vicki Shabo, Senior Fellow, Paid Leave Policy and Strategy, Better Life Lab, New America; Cynthia (``Cyndi'') Murray, Fitting Department Associate, Walmart; Dr. Yana van der Meulen Rodgers, Professor, Labor Studies and Employment Relations, Faculty Director, Center for Women and Work, Rutgers University; Mary Katherine Ham, CNN Commentator and Author. Hearing on ``Examining Federal Efforts to Prevent, Detect, and Prosecute Pandemic Relief Fraud to Safeguard Funds for All Eligible Americans'' (June 14, 2022). Witnesses: Kevin Chambers, Director for COVID-19 Fraud Enforcement, DOJ; Michael Horowitz, Chair, Pandemic Response Accountability Committee; Hannibal ``Mike'' Ware, Inspector General, Small Business Administration; Roy D. Dotson, Jr., Acting Special Agent in Charge, National Pandemic Fraud Recovery Coordinator, United States Secret Service. ``A Hearing with Trump White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator Dr. Deborah Birx'' (June 23, 2022). Witness: Deborah L. Birx, M.D., Former White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator (March 2020 to January 2021). Hearing on ``Understanding and Addressing Long COVID and Its Consequences'' (July 19, 2022). Witnesses: Monica Verduzco- Gutierrez, M.D., Professor and Distinguished Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Katie Bach, Former Managing Director, Good Jobs Institute; Hannah Davis, Co-founder, Patient-Led Research Collaborative; Cynthia Adinig, Long COVID Patient and Advocate. Hearing on ``Examining Long-Term Care in America: The Impact of the Coronavirus in Nursing Homes'' (September 21, 2022). Witnesses: Dr. Alice Bonner, RN, Senior Advisor for Aging, Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Chair, Moving Forward Nursing Home Quality Coalition; Dr. David C. Grabowski, Professor of Health Care Policy, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School; Adelina V. Ramos, Certified Nursing Assistant, Greenville, Rhode Island; Dr. Jasmine Travers, MHS, RN, Assistant Professor of Nursing, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing; Daniel Arbeeny, Son of Nursing Home Resident. Hearing on ``Preparing for and Preventing the Next Public Health Emergency: Lessons Learned from the Coronavirus Crisis'' (December 14, 2022). Witnesses: Dr. Rick Bright, Former Director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Preparedness Response; Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett, Assistant Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Former Researcher, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health; Ms. Rebecca Dixon, National Employment Law Project, Executive Director; Dr. Ngozi Ezike; President and CEO, Sinai Chicago, and Former Director, Illinois Department of Public Health; Admiral Brett P. Giroir, M.D., Former Assistant Secretary for Health at HHS. III. OVERSIGHT BRIEFINGS AND ROUNDTABLES A. Full Committee and Subcommittees In the 117th Congress, the Committee on Oversight and Reform, including its five subcommittees, held 13 briefings and roundtables with 61 participants. The briefings and roundtables include: On May 26, 2021, the Subcommittee on Government Operations held a Roundtable on ``Security Clearance Backlog: Building Back Better.'' Briefers: Mr. Brian Mazanec, GAO; Mr. William Lietzau, Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA); Ms. Christy Wilder, DCSA; Ms. Marianna Martineau, DCSA; Ms. Heather Green, DCSA; Ms. Stephanie Kostro, Professional Services Council; Ms. Mary Rose McCaffrey, Northrop Grumman; Ms. Jennie Brackens, Science Applications International Corporation; Ms. Heather Sims, General Dynamics; Mr. Greg Torres, Booz Allen Hamilton; Mr. Brian Dunbar, CACI International Inc.; Mr. Joseph Kraus, ManTech; Ms. Donna Rhoads, Leidos; Mr. Kumar Gnanamurthy, iWorks; Keith Sheppard, NT Concepts; Mr. Robert Elich, JANUS Research Group. On June 4, 2021, the full Committee held a Roundtable on ``Examining the Long-Term Impacts of the Gender Wage Gap on Moms.'' Briefers: Ms. Jessica Ramos, New York State Senator, District 13; Ms. Julie Chi-hye Suk, Professor of Sociology, Political Science, and Liberal Studies, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), Senior Research Scholar, Yale Law School; Ms. DeNora Getachew, CEO, DoSomething.org, Founding Member, Higher Heights for America; Ms. Seher Khawaja, Senior Attorney, Economic Empowerment, Legal Momentum, and The Women's Legal Defense and Education Fund. On June 30, 2021, the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties held a Roundtable on ``Researching while Chinese American: Ethnic Profiling, Chinese American ``Scientists and a New American Brain Drain.'' Briefers: Ms. Sherry Chen, Hydrologist, National Weather Service; The Honorable Steven Chu, Former Secretary of Energy, Department of Energy; Dr. Randy Katz, Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Berkeley; Dr. Xiaoxing Xi, Laura H. Carnell Professor of Physics, Temple University. On August 26, 2021, the full Committee held a Roundtable on ``Tackling Peak Pollution: Achieving Environmental Justice for Frontline Communities.'' Participants: Ms. Annel Hernandez, Associate Director, NYC Environmental Justice Alliance; Mr. Anthony Karefa Rogers-Wright, Director of Environmental Justice, New York Lawyers for the Public Interest; Mr. Calvin Thompson, Director of Special Initiatives, BlocPower; Ms. Elena Krieger, Ph.D., Director of Research, Physicians, Scientists, and Engineers for Healthy Energy; Ms. Ilona Duverge, Co-Founder and NYC Director, Movement School. On August 31, 2021, the full Committee held a Briefing with Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction John F. Sopko. Briefer: John F. Sopko, Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. On September 22, 2021, the full Committee held a Classified Briefing on ``Recent Developments and the Way Forward in Afghanistan.'' On October 6, 2021, the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties held a Briefing on ``Discriminatory and Wasteful Enforcement Activities by Border Patrol Agents.'' Briefers: Kristy Montes, Director, Office of Privacy and Diversity, CBP; Katherine Culliton-Gonzalez, Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, DHS; Tony L. Barker, Deputy Chief of Law Enforcement Operations, United States Border Patrol; Robert B. Simon, Chief Patrol Agent, Detroit Sector, United States Border Patrol. On February 3, 2022, the full Committee held a Roundtable on ``Examining the Washington Football Team's Toxic Workplace Culture.'' Participants: Emily Applegate, Former Marketing Coordinator, Premium Client Services Coordinator, Ticket Sales Representative, Washington Football Team (WFT); Melanie Coburn, Former Director of Marketing, Marketing Coordinator, Cheerleader, WFT; Rachel Engleson, Former Director of Marketing and Client Relations, Director of Client Services, Manager of Premium Client Services, Customer Service Representative, Intern, WFT; Ana Nunez, Former Coordinator of Business Development & Client Service, Account Executive, WFT; Brad Baker, Former Video Production Manager, Producer, WFT; Tiffani Johnston, Senior Manager, Premium Club, WFT. On March 8, 2022, the full Committee held a Briefing on ``The Conflict in Ukraine and Implications for U.S. and International Security.'' Briefers: The Honorable John F. Tefft, Former U.S. Ambassador to Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia, Senior Fellow, Rand Corporation; The Honorable Michael McFaul, Ph.D., Former U.S. Ambassador to Russia, Director, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University; The Honorable Ivo H. Daalder, Former U.S. Ambassador to NATO, President, Chicago Council on Global Affairs; Dr. Ulana Suprun, M.D., Former Acting Minister of Health, Government of Ukraine. On March 11, 2022, the full Committee held a Field Briefing with Stakeholders on ``Focusing on Frontlines: Community Engagement Is Key to Advancing Environmental Justice.'' Panelists: Basil Seggos, Commissioner, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Co-Chair, New York State Climate Action Council; Doreen Harris, President and CEO, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Co- Chair, New York State Climate Action Council; Elizabeth Yeampierre, Executive Director, UPROSE, Member, New York State Climate Justice Working Group, Co-Chair, Climate Justice Alliance; Eddie Bautista, Executive Director, New York City Environmental Justice Alliance, Member, New York State Climate Justice Working Group; Sonal Jessel, Director of Policy, WE ACT for Environmental Justice, Member, New York State Climate Justice Working Group; Anthony Karefa Rogers-Wright, Director of Environmental Justice New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, Member, New York Renews Steering Committee. On March 18, 2022, the Subcommittee on National Security held a Classified Briefing on ``The Department of Defense's 2021 Global Posture Review.'' On May 13, 2022, the Subcommittee on National Security held a Classified Briefing on ``Examining the National Security and Public Safety Risks from the Malicious or Negligent Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems.'' On May 18, 2022, the full Committee held a Classified Briefing on ``U.S. and Allied Response to Russia's Invasion of Ukraine.'' On August 11, 2022, the full Committee held a Roundtable on ``On the Frontlines: Responding to the Threat of Election Misinformation.'' Participants: Mr. Jim Condos, Secretary of State, State of Vermont; Ms. Tina Barton, Senior Election Expert, The Elections Group, Former Senior Program Advisor, Election Assistance Commission, Former City Clerk of Rochester Hills, Michigan; Ms. Lisa Marra, Director of Elections, Cochise County, Arizona, President, Election Officials of Arizona; Ms. Nora Benavidez, Senior Counsel and Director of Digital Justice and Civil Rights, Free Press. On December 9, 2022, the full Committee held a briefing on ``The Financial Condition of the United States Postal Service.'' Briefers: Joseph Corbett, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, USPS. B. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis Member Briefing on ``Ensuring Equity in Coronavirus Vaccinations'' (February 19, 2021). Briefers: Dr. Helene D. Gayle, President and CEO, The Chicago Community Trust; Ms. Abigail Echo-Hawk, Director, Urban Indian Health Institute, Chief Research Officer, Seattle Indian Health Board; Mr. Frankie Miranda, President and CEO, Hispanic Federation; Ms. Lathran Woodard, CEO, South Carolina Primary Health Care Association. Member Briefing on the spread of the Delta variant in the United States (July 29, 2021). Briefers: Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Member Briefing on the current vaccine landscape in the United States (September 15, 2021). Briefers: Dr. Peter Marks, Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA. Member Briefing on the Federal government's response to the omicron variant (January 10, 2021). Briefers: Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Director, Centers for Disease Control; Dr. David Kessler, Chief Science Officer for the Coronavirus Response; Ms. Dawn O'Connell, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. Member Roundtable on ``Moving Beyond the Coronavirus Crisis: Perspectives from Public Health Experts'' (March 14, 2022). Participants: Dr. Jewel Mullen, Associate Dean for Health Equity & Associate Professor, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin; Dr. Carlos del Rio, Executive Associate Dean, Emory School of Medicine & Grady Health System; Dr. Robert Wachter, Chair, University of California San Francisco Department of Medicine; Dr. Leana Wen, Research Professor of Health Policy and Management, George Washington University. Member Briefing on the status of Omicron boosters and the Biden Administration's preparation for a fall booster campaign (August 9, 2022). Briefers: Dr. Peter Marks, Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, and Dr. Jason Roos, Chief Operating Officer, Coordination Operations and Response Element, HHS. IV. LEGISLATIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS A. Business Meetings (Legislation) Organizational meeting to appoint the Chairs and Ranking Members of the five subcommittees and adopt the Committee Rules (February 1, 2021). Business meeting to consider Committee Print Providing for reconciliation pursuant to S. Con. Res. 5, the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2021, which was ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (February 12, 2021). Business meeting to consider H.R. 51, Washington, D.C. Admission Act, which was ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (April 14, 2021). Business meeting to consider H.R. 3076, The Postal Service Reform Act; H.R. 3077, The Postal Service Improvement Act; H.R. 1930, The Federal Advisory Committee Transparency Act; H.R. 2485, The Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act; H.R. 2681, The Integrity Committee Transparency Act; and H.R. 978, The Chai Suthammanont Remembrance Act (May 13, 2021), which were ordered favorably reported. Business meeting to consider H.R. 2662, The IG Independence and Empowerment Act; H.R. 302, The Preventing a Patronage System Act; H.R. 2617, The Performance Enhancement Reform Act; H.R. 3327, No Congressionally Obligated Recurring Revenue Used as Pensions To Incarcerated Officials Now Act; H.R. 1297, The Air America Act; and H.R. 3367, The Gold Star Children Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (May 25, 2021). Business meeting to consider H.R. 2988, The Whistleblower Protection Improvement Act; H.R. 2043, The Periodically Listing Updates to Management Act; H.R. 3787, The District of Columbia Local Juror Nondiscrimination Act; H.R. 1204, The District of Columbia Chief Financial Officer Salary Home Rule Act; H.R. 1224, The Merit System Protection Board Empowerment Act; and H.R. 3599, The Federal Rotational Cyber Workforce Program Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (June 29, 2021). Business meeting to consider H.R. 4125, Keep the Watchdogs Running Act; H.R. 1508, Guidance Clarity Act; H.R. 4465, Federally Funded Research and Technology Development Protection Act; H.R. 564, Comprehensive Paid Leave for Federal Employees Act; H.R. 2994 Accountability For Acting Officials Act; H.R. 4448, Administrative Law Judge Competitive Service Restoration Act; H.R. 3533, To Establish Occupational Series for Federal Positions in Software Development, Software Engineering, Data Science, and Data Management, and for Other Purposes; H.R. 4393, To Require the Directors of the Courts Services and Offender Supervision Agency of the District of Columbia and the District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency to Reside in the District of Columbia; H.R. 4469, The AI in Counterterrorism Oversight Enhancement Act; and H.R. 4470, The Made in America Pandemic Preparedness Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (July 20, 2021). Business meeting to consider S. Con. Res. 14, the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2022, which was ordered favorably reported (September 2, 2021). Business meeting to consider H.R. 4688, The Federal Agency Customer Experience Act; H.R. 5792, The State and Local Digital Services Act; H.R. 4778, The District of Columbia Courts Vacancy Reduction Act; H.R. 6066, The Strengthening The Office of Personnel Management Act; and H.R. 5477, The Federal Agency Climate Planning, Resilience, and Enhanced Preparedness Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (December 2, 2021). Business meeting to consider H.R. 6361, District of Columbia National Guard Commanding Residency Act; H.R. 6497, Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2022; H.R. 6419, Fair Chance Improvement Act; H.R. 5962, Supply Chain Security Training Act; and H.R. 6560, The GAO Audit Mandates Revision Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (February 2, 2022). Business meeting to consider H.R. 7185, The Federal Contracting for Peace and Security Act; H.R. 6531, The Targeting Resources to Communities in Need Act of 2022; H.R. 1756, The Measuring Real Income Growth Act; H.R. 7376, The Honoring Civil Servants Killed in the Line of Duty Act; H.R. 6967, The Chance to Compete Act; H.R. 3544, The Computers for Veterans and Students Act; H.R. 7337, The Access for Veterans to Record Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (April 6, 2022). Business meeting to consider H.R. 7683, The Artificial Intelligence Training for the Acquisition Act; H.R. 7331, The Improving Government for America's Taxpayers Act; H.R. 7535, The Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act; H.R. 521, The First Responder Fair Return for Employees on Their Initial Retirement Earned Act; H.R. 7674, The Ensuring Oversight Access at the Postal Service Act; H.R. 6104, The Building the Next Generation of Employees Act; H.R. 7686, The District of Columbia Code Returning Citizens Coordination Act; and H.R. 7682, The Ensuring an Accurate Postal Fleet Electrification Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (May 11, 2022). Business meeting to consider H.R. 4176, the LGBTQ+ Data Inclusion Act; H.R. 7951, The Telework Metrics and Cost Savings Act; H.R. 7941, To Amend the District of Columbia Home Rule Act to Permit the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia to Transmit Acts of the District of Columbia to Congress in Electronic Form; and H.R. 5815, the Honest Census Communication Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (June 14, 2022). Business meeting to consider H.R. 4258, The Improving Digital Identity Act; H.R. 8322, The Strengthening Tools to Obstruct and Prevent Fraud Act 2022; H.R. 7602, The Preventing Organizational Conflicts of Interest in Federal Acquisition Act; H.R. 8325, The Preventing Personal Conflicts of Interest in Federal Acquisition Act; H.R. 6548, The Justice in Power Plant Permitting Act; and H.R. 8326, The Ensuring a Fair and Accurate Census Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate United States Postal Service facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (July 14, 2022). Business meeting to consider S. 1941, the Metropolitan Areas Protection and Standardization (MAPS) Act; S. 3510, Disaster Resiliency Planning Act; H.R. 8466, the Chai Suthammonont Healthy Federal Workplaces Act of 2022; H.R. 8665, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) Modernization Act; H. Res 1243, Of inquiry requesting the President transmit certain documents in his possession to the House of Representatives relating to the Biden family's international business schemes and related information; and H.R. 8861, the District of Columbia Home Rule Expansion Act, which were ordered favorably reported; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (September 20, 2022). Business meeting to consider H.R. 1283, The Contract Act of 2021, and H.R. 1307, The Vote by Mail Tracking Act, which were ordered favorably reported; H. Res. 1412, Of inquiry directing the Secretary of the Treasury to transmit certain documents to the House of Representatives relating to the projected inflationary impact of the implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Build Back Better Act, and the Infrastructure and Jobs Act in conjunction with the Build Back Better Act was reported unfavorably to the House; bills to designate USPS facilities were approved by the Committee and ordered favorably reported to the House by Unanimous Consent (November 17, 2022). Business meeting to consider H. Res. 1479, Of inquiry requesting the President transmit certain documents in his possession to the House of Representatives relating to the surveillance or monitoring of pro-gun, pro-life, or conservative groups under the Internet Covert Operations Program operated by the United States Postal Inspection Service, which was reported unfavorably to the House (December 6, 2022). B. Legislation Enacted Into Law H.R. 22, the Congressional Budget Justification Transparency Act. Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Mike Quigley. This legislation requires federal agencies to make budget justification materials available to the public on a website. The bill also requires the OMB to make certain details regarding the materials available to the public, including a list of the agencies that submit budget justification materials to Congress, the dates that the materials are submitted to Congress and posted online, and links to the materials. History: Introduced on January 4, 2021; House passed January 5, 2021; Senate companion (S. 272) passed June 28, 2021; House passed S. 272 August 23, 2021; President signed into law on September 24, 2021 (PL 117-40) H.R. 26, Construction Consensus Procurement Improvement Act. Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. James Comer. This legislation prohibits the use of reverse auctions, which allow the seller to bid down the price of a project, in awarding federal contracts for complex, specialized, or substantial design and construction services. The bill also requires the Federal Acquisition and Regulatory Council to define ``complex, specialized, or substantial design and construction services.'' GSA must also report to specified congressional committees on the bill's effectiveness. History: Introduced on January 4, 2021; House passed January 5, 2021; Senate passed July 13, 2021; President signed into law on July 26, 2021 (PL 117-28) H.R. 521, First Responder Fair RETIRE Act. Introduced on January 28, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. The legislation preserves the retirement benefits of law enforcement officers who became disabled in the line of duty and are reassigned to a different position in the civil service that is not covered under the same retirement program. History: Introduced January 28, 2021; Committee passed May 11, 2022; House passed July 12, 2022; Senate passed November 17, 2022; President signed into law on December 9, 2022 (PL 117-225). H.R. 1283, the Continuity for Operators with Necessary Training Required for ATC Contract Towers (CONTRACT) Act of 2021. Introduced on February 24, 2021, by Rep. Julia Brownley. The legislation amends title 5 to allow retired federal air traffic controllers who choose to work at contract towers through the Federal Contract Tower Program to continue collecting their full federal retirement annuity. History: Introduced February 24, 2021; Senate Companion (S. 419) introduced February 24, 2021; Senate Committee passed November 3, 2021, Committee passed November 17, 2022; President signed into law as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 on December 29, 2022 H.R. 1319, American Rescue Plan Act, Title IX, Subtitle M: Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds. This legislation provided $362 billion in emergency funding for state, local, territorial, and tribal governments. Of this total, states and the District of Columbia received $195.3 billion, tribal governments received $20 billion, and U.S. territories received $4.5 billion. Cities, counties, and other smaller local government units received $130.2 billion. Of this total, cities received $45.57 billion, counties received $65.1 billion, and other smaller local government units received $19.53 billion. The funds enable these governments to support the COVID-19 public health response and support economic recovery, including assistance to households, small businesses, and nonprofits; aid to impacted industries; premium pay to eligible workers; and funding of water, sewer, and broadband infrastructure projects. History: Committee Print providing for reconciliation pursuant to S. Con. Res. 5 passed Committee on February 12, 2021; H.R. 1319 introduced February 24, 2021; House passed February 27, 2021; Senate passed with an amendment March 6, 2021; House agreed to the Senate amendment March 10, 2021; President signed into law on March 11, 2021 (PL 117-2) H.R. 2043, Periodically Listing Updates to Management Act. Introduced on March 18, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation requires OPM to develop and maintain a publicly accessible website with data on senior leaders in government that meets modern data standards. It also implements recommendations made by GAO and the Administrative Conference of the United States. History: Introduced on March 18, 2021; Committee passed June 29, 2021; Senate companion (S. 3650) introduced February 15, 2022; Senate Committee passed March 30, 2022; President signed a modified version into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263) H.R. 2485, Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act. Introduced on April 13, 2021, by Rep. Mike Quigley. This legislation requires the Government Publishing Office (GPO) to establish and maintain a publicly available online portal containing copies of all congressionally mandated reports. Federal agencies are required to submit a congressionally mandated report and specified information about the report to the GPO between 30 and 45 days after submission of the report to either chamber or to any congressional committee or subcommittee. OMB must issue guidance to federal agencies on these requirements. History: Introduced on April 13, 2021; House Committee passed May 13, 2021; House passed July 26, 2021; Senate companion (S. 2838) introduced September 23, 2021; Senate Committee passed November 3, 2021; President signed a modified version into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL117-263) H.R. 2617, Performance Enhancement Reform Act. Introduced on April 16, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation revises how agencies must report their performance goals. Specifically, agencies are required to include the following details when they describe how they will achieve their performance goals: (1) the human capital, training, data and evidence, information technology, and skill sets required to meet such goals; and (2) the technology modernization investments, system upgrades, staff technology skills and expertise, stakeholder input and feedback, and other resources and strategies required to meet such goals. The bill requires an agency's chief performance improvement office to provide the description (previously, the description was provided by an agency's chief human capital office). History: Introduced April 16, 2021; House Committee passed May 25, 2021; House passed September 28, 2021; Senate Committee passed November 3, 2021; Senate passed with an amendment on November 15, 2022; President signed a modified version into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263) H.R. 2662, IG Independence and Empowerment Act. Introduced on April 19, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation includes provisions that: allow an Inspector General (IG) to be removed only for cause, require Congress to be notified before an IG is placed on non-duty status, require that an acting IG be an existing IG for another agency or serving as senior staff in an OIG, and increase accountability and transparency for the CIGIE Integrity Committee. The bill also: grants IGs the authority to subpoena witnesses who are not currently government employees for testimony; provides the DOJ IG, along with the DOJ Office of Professional Responsibility, the authority to investigate wrongdoing by DOJ attorneys; expands whistleblower trainings to OIG employees; requires notification to Congress and CIGIE of an IG's ongoing investigations when an IG is placed on non-duty status; provides a single appropriation for CIGIE; and requires IGs to notify Congress if agencies deny access to requested information. History: Introduced on April 19, 2021; House passed June 29, 2021; Senate Committee passed November 3, 2021; President signed a modified version into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263) H.R. 2681, Integrity Committee Transparency Act. Introduced on April 20, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation addresses issues regarding inspectors general (IGs) and the CIGIE Integrity Committee (the committee). The committee is charged with investigating allegations of wrongdoing against office of IG officials. The committee is now required to notify Congress when an allegation of wrongdoing made by a Member of Congress is closed without referral for investigation. The bill requires CIGIE to report semiannually to Congress and the President on the activities of the committee. The bill also requires the appointment of a former IG to the committee. History: Introduced April 20, 2021; Committee passed May 13, 2021; House passed June 29, 2021; Senate Committee passed November 3, 2021; President signed a modified version into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263) H.R. 3076, Postal Service Reform Act. Introduced on May 11, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. The legislation provides financial relief to the Postal Service by eliminating the requirement that it prefund health benefits for all current employees and retirees and by creating a ``Postal Service only'' health benefits program. The Act also allows the Postal Service to engage in non-postal services to increase revenue, requires additional transparency about delivery standards, and merges the Inspectors General of the Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission. History: Introduced on May 11, 2021; Committee passed May 13, 2021; House passed February 8, 2022; Senate passed March 8, 2022; President signed into law on April 6, 2022 (PL117-108) H.R. 3533, to establish occupational series for Federal positions in software development, software engineering, data science, and data management, and for other purposes. Introduced on May 25, 2021, by Rep. Jay Obernolte. This legislation requires OPM to establish or update existing occupational series for positions in the federal government in the fields of software development, software engineering, data science, and data management. History: Introduced May 25, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021; House passed September 30, 2021; President signed into law on December 27, 2021, as part of S. 1605, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (PL 117-81) H.R. 3544, Computers for Veterans and Students (COVS) Act. Introduced on May 25, 2021, by Rep. Abigail Spanberger. This legislation requires GSA to transfer surplus computers and related technology to nonprofit refurbishers for eventual distribution to schools, veterans, and seniors, and to state and local agencies for donation to nonprofit and public entities. History: Introduced on May 25, 2021; House Committee passed April 6, 2022; House passed July 12, 2022; Senate Committee passed September 28, 2022; President signed into law as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 on December 29, 2022 H.R. 5376, the Inflation Reduction Act, Title VIII. The legislation contains provisions in the Committee's jurisdiction that provided $3 billion in funding to USPS for the purchase of zero-emission vehicles and the necessary charging infrastructure. The law provides $15 million to the Inspector General of the Postal Service. It also provides $25 million to GAO to evaluate whether the economic, social, and environmental impacts of the funds provided in the Act are equitable and $20 million to OMB to implement the Act and track labor, equity, and environmental standards and performance. History: Committee Print to implement the instructions pursuant to S. Con. Res. 14 passed Committee September 2, 2021; introduced September 27, 2021; House passed November 14, 2021; Senate passed with an amendment August 7, 2022; House agreed to the Senate amendment August 12, 2022; President signed into law on August 16, 2022 (PL 117-169) H.R. 7331, Improving Government for America's Taxpayers Act. Introduced on March 31, 2022, by Rep. Derek Kilmer. This legislation requires GAO to consolidate recommendations to Congress in one report. This report must include the estimated costs of executing unimplemented priority recommendations directed at agencies and anticipated cost-savings and identify any additional congressional oversight actions that could help agencies implement open priority recommendations. History: Introduced March 31, 2022; Committee passed May 11, 2022; House passed July 12, 2022; President signed a modified version into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263) H.R. 7337, Access for Veterans to Records Act. Introduced on March 31, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation helps eliminate the backlog of veteran records requests at the National Personnel Records Center, an office within NARA. The legislation requires NARA to submit a plan for eliminating the backlog within 60 days and authorizes $60 million for NARA to digitize records and establish effective records retrieval infrastructure. History: Introduced on March 31, 2022; Committee passed April 6, 2022; House passed as part of H.R. 7900, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, on July 14, 2022; Senate companion (S. 4866) introduced September 12, 2022; Senate Committee passed September 28, 2022; President signed a modified version into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263) H.R. 7535, Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act. Introduced on April 18, 2022, by Rep. Ro Khanna. This legislation requires OMB to begin to prioritize the migration to post-quantum cryptography of agency information technology (IT) systems. Post-quantum cryptography is a method of ensuring that government computers and IT remain secure against more sophisticated hacking methods that use ``post-quantum'' computers. OMB is required to conduct an assessment and designate and prioritize IT systems for migration using a risk- based approach. OMB must also submit an annual report to Congress on progress toward transitioning federal agencies to post-quantum cryptography standards. History: Introduced on April 18, 2022; Committee passed May 11, 2022; House passed July 12, 2022; Senate Companion (S. 4592) introduced July 21, 2022; Senate Committee passed August 3, 2022; Senate passed with an amendment December 8, 2022; House passed amended version December 12, 2022; President signed into law on December 21, 2022 (PL 117-260) H.R. 8956, the FedRAMP Authorization Act. Introduced on September 22, 2022, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation provides statutory authority for FedRAMP within GSA. GSA is required to establish a government-wide program that provides a standardized approach to security assessment and authorization for cloud computing products and services. Agencies are required to ensure that their cloud computing services meet GSA requirements. The bill establishes a FedRAMP Board to conduct security assessments of cloud computing services and issue provisional authorizations to operate to cloud service providers that meet FedRAMP security guidelines. The bill also establishes a Federal Secure Cloud Advisory Committee. History: Introduced September 22, 2022; House passed September 29, 2022; President signed into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263). S. 1097, Federal Rotational Cyber Workforce Program Act. House companion (H.R. 3599) introduced on May 28, 2021, by Rep. Ro Khanna. The legislation establishes a personnel rotation program for cybersecurity professionals at federal agencies. OPM is required to issue an operational plan providing policies, processes, and procedures for the program, and GAO must report on agency and employee participation in the program. History: S. 1097 introduced April 13, 2021; S. 1097 passed Senate Committee May 12, 2021; House companion (H.R. 3599) introduced May 28, 2021; House passed H.R. 3599 September 29, 2021; Senate passed S. 1097 December 14, 2021; House passed S. 1097 May 10, 2022; President signed into law on June 21, 2022 (PL 117-149). S. 1143, No TikTok on Government Devices Act. Introduced on April 15, 2021, by Senator Josh Hawley. This bill requires the social media video application TikTok to be removed from the information technology of federal agencies. Specifically, the bill requires the Office of Management and Budget to develop standards for executive agencies that require TikTok and any successor application from the developer to be removed from agency information technology (e.g., devices). Such standards must include exceptions for law enforcement activities, national security interests, and security researchers. History: Introduced April 15, 2021; Senate Committee passed May 12, 2021; Senate passed December 14, 2021; President signed into law as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 on December 29, 2022. S. 1941, Metropolitan Areas Protection and Standardization (MAPS) Act. Introduced on May 21, 2021, by Senator Gary Peters. This legislation directs OMB to provide information about changes to the standards for designating a core-based statistical area (CBSA). The standards are used to delineate metropolitan and micropolitan areas for statistical purposes. Any change to the standards of CBSA delineations (1) shall not apply automatically for any nonstatistical use by any domestic assistance program, and (2) shall apply for such uses only if a relevant agency determines that the change supports the purposes of the program and is in the public interest and the change is adopted through rulemaking procedures. History: Introduced May 21, 2021; Senate Committee passed November 3, 2021; Senate passed May 26, 2022; House passed November 14, 2022; President signed into law on December 5, 2022 (PL 117- 219). S. 2201, Supply Chain Security Training Act. House companion (H.R. 5962) introduced on November 12, 2021, by Rep. Joe Neguse. The legislation requires the Federal Acquisition Institute to develop a training program for officials with supply chain risk management responsibilities at federal agencies. OMB must promulgate guidance to federal agencies that requires executive agency adoption and use of the program. OMB must make the guidance available to federal agencies of the legislative and judicial branches. History: S. 2201 introduced June 23, 2021; Senate Committee passed July 14, 2021; House companion introduced on November 12, 2021; Senate passed January 11, 2022; House Committee passed February 2, 2022; House passed May 10, 2022; President signed into law on June 16, 2022 (PL 117-145). S. 2551, AI Training Act. House companion (H.R. 7683) introduced by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney on May 6, 2022. This legislation requires OMB to establish or otherwise provide an artificial intelligence (AI) training program for the acquisition workforce of executive agencies, with exceptions. OMB must update the program at least every two years and ensure there is a way to understand and measure the participation of the workforce and to receive and consider feedback from program participants. History: S. 2551 introduced July 29, 2021; Senate Committee passed August 4, 2021; Senate passed Senate December 18, 2021; H.R. 7683 introduced on May 6, 2022; House Committee passed May 11, 2022; House passed September 29, 2021; President signed into law on October 17, 2022. S. 3470, the End Human Trafficking in Government Contracts Act. Introduced on January 11, 2022, by Senator James Lankford. The legislation requires, upon receipt of an office of inspector general report substantiating an allegation that the recipient of a contract, grant, or cooperative agreement (or any subgrantee, subcontractor, or agent of the recipient) is engaged in human trafficking, that the agency refer the matter to the agency suspension and debarment office. OMB must report to Congress on implementation of provisions to end human trafficking in government contracting. History: Introduced January 11, 2022; Senate Committee passed February 2, 2022; Senate passed July 14, 2022; House passed September 29, 2022; President signed into law on October 17, 2022 (PL 117-21). S. 3510, Disaster Resiliency Planning Act. House companion (H.R. 7863) introduced on May 24, 2022, by Rep. Troy Carter. This legislation requires OMB to establish guidance that requires federal agencies to incorporate natural disaster resilience into real property asset management and investment decisions. History: Introduced January 13, 2022; Senate Committee passed February 2, 2022; Senate passed June 22, 2022; House passed November 14, 2022; President signed into law on December 5, 2022 (PL 117- 221). S. 3655, Civil Rights Cold Case Investigations Support. House companion (H.R. 6818) introduced on February 2, 2022, by Rep. Bobby Rush. This legislation extends the Civil Rights Cold Case Records Review Board until 2026 (or 2027 if the board opts for an additional one-year extension). The board reviews the decisions of federal agencies to postpone the disclosure of civil rights cold case records (i.e., unsolved civil rights cases from 1940-1979). History: Introduced by Senator Jon Ossoff on February 16, 2022; Senate Committee passed March 30, 2022; Senate passed September 29, 2022; House passed November 14, 2022; President signed into law on December 5, 2022 (PL 117-222). S. 3905, Preventing Organizational Conflicts of Interest in Federal Acquisition Act. House companion (H.R. 7602) introduced on April 27, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation updates and strengthens the rules governing the organizational conflicts of interest (OCIs) of government contractors. It also requires regulatory updates to the definitions, rules, and contract clauses governing OCIs that apply to the procurements of almost all executive agencies through the Federal Acquisition Regulation. History: S. 3905 introduced March 23, 2022; House companion (H.R. 7602) introduced April 27, 2022; House Committee passed H.R. 7602 July 20, 2022; Senate Committee passed S. 3905 August 1, 2022; Senate passed S. 3905 August 1, 2022; House passed S. 3905 December 14, 2022; President signed into law on December 27, 2022 (PL 117-324). S. 4057, Strategic EV Management Act. House companion (H.R. 8969) introduced on September 22, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation requires GSA to coordinate with the heads of federal agencies to develop a comprehensive, strategic plan for federal electric vehicle fleet battery management and to report to and brief Congress regarding the plan and its implementation across agencies. History: S. 4057 introduced April 7, 2022; Senate Committee passed May 25, 2022; Senate passed September 14, 2022; House companion (H.R. 8969) introduced September 22, 2022; President signed into law on December 23, 2022, as part of H.R. 7776, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (PL 117-263). C. Bills Passed by the House H.R. 21, FedRAMP Authorization Act. Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would provide statutory authority for the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) within GSA. GSA would be required to establish a government-wide program that provides the authoritative standardized approach to security assessment and authorization for cloud computing products and services used by agencies to process unclassified information. Agencies would be required to ensure that their cloud computing services meet GSA requirements. The bill would also establish the Joint Authorization Board to conduct security assessments of cloud computing services and issue provisional authorizations to operate to cloud service providers that meet FedRAMP security guidelines. The GSA would be required to (1) publish a report that includes an assessment of the cost incurred by agencies and cloud service providers related to the issuance of FedRAMP authorizations and provisional authorizations, (2) determine the requirements for certification of independent assessment organizations, and (3) establish the Federal Secure Cloud Advisory Committee. History: Introduced on January 4, 2021; House passed January 5, 2021 H.R. 23, Inspector General Protection Act. Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Ted Lieu. The legislation would require the President to notify Congress each time the President places an inspector general on nonduty status. If the President fails to make a formal nomination for a vacant inspector general position within 210 days after the vacancy occurs, the President would be required to communicate to Congress within 30 days after the end of such period (1) the reasons why the President has not yet made a formal nomination, and (2) a target date for making a formal nomination. History: Introduced January 4, 2021; House passed January 5, 2021 H.R. 27, Settlement Agreement Information Database Act. Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Gary Palmer. This legislation would require executive agencies to submit information regarding settlement agreements to a public database. Specifically, an agency would be required to submit information regarding any settlement agreement (including a consent decree) entered into by the agency related to an alleged violation of federal law. If an agency determines that information regarding an agreement must remain confidential to protect the public interest, the agency would be required to publish an explanation of why the information is confidential. History: Introduced January 4, 2021; House passed January 5, 2021 H.R. 51, Washington, D.C. Admission Act. Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would provide for admission into the Union of the state of Washington, Douglass Commonwealth, which is composed of most of the territory of the District of Columbia. Congress would retain plenary authority over a small area around the White House, the U.S. Capitol, and the U.S. Supreme Court. The state would be admitted to the Union on an equal footing with the other states. History: Introduced January 4, 2021; Committee passed April 14, 2021; House passed April 22, 2021 H.R. 302, Preventing a Patronage System Act (PPSA). Introduced on January 13, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. The legislation would limit federal employee reclassifications to the five excepted service schedules in use prior to Fiscal Year 2021. History: Introduced January 13, 2021; Committee passed May 25, 2021; House passed September 15, 2022 H.R. 1508, Guidance Clarity Act of 2021. Introduced on March 2, 2021, by Rep. Blaine Luetkemeyer. This legislation would require federal agencies to state on the first page of guidance documents that such guidance (1) does not have the force and effect of law, and (2) is intended only to provide clarity to the public about existing legal requirements or agency policies. OMB would be required to issue guidance to implement this requirement. History: Introduced March 2, 2021; Senate companion (S. 533) introduced March 2, 2021; Senate Committee passed July 14, 2021; House Committee passed July 20, 2021; Senate passed September 14, 2021; House passed October 20, 2021 H.R. 2988, Whistleblower Protection Improvement Act. Introduced on May 4, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would expand whistleblower protections and clarify that no federal official may interfere with a federal employee's ability to share information with Congress. The bill would also limit disclosure of a whistleblower's identity, prohibit retaliatory investigations, and provide access to jury trials for whistleblowers. History: Introduced on May 4, 2021; Committee passed June 29, 2021; House passed September 15, 2022 H.R. 4176, LGBTQI+ Data Inclusion Act. Introduced on June 25, 2021, by Rep. Raul Grijalva. This legislation would require federal agencies that collect demographic data through a survey for statistical purposes to review existing data sets to determine which data sets do not include information about sexual orientation, gender identity, and variations in sex characteristics. Such agencies would be required to assess needed changes in survey methods related to asking questions on such matters. Agencies that publish reports relying on survey demographic data would be required to include information on sexual orientation, gender identity, and variations in sex characteristics. Agencies could waive this publication requirement on a case-by-case basis if the confidentiality of the information could not be maintained or if adding such information to the survey would impair the agency's ability to preserve the utility, accuracy, or objectivity of the survey while also generating relevant evidence about the LGBTQI+ community. History: Introduced June 25, 2021; Committee passed June 14, 2022; House passed June 23, 2022 H.R. 5314, Protecting Our Democracy Act. Introduced on September 9, 2021, by Rep. Adam Schiff, Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney, and others. This legislation would address issues involving (1) abuses of presidential power; (2) checks and balances, accountability, and transparency; and (3) election integrity and security. History: Introduced on September 9, 2021; House passed on December 9, 2021 H.R. 6419, Fair Chance Improvement Act. Introduced on January 18, 2022, by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. This legislation would make a technical change to the Fair Chance Act (Pub. L. No. 116-92). The Fair Chance Act prohibits, with certain exceptions, federal agencies and federal contractors from asking job candidates about criminal history before making a conditional offer to them. The Fair Chance Improvement Act would transfer authority to enforce this prohibition for federal contractors from GSA and DOD to the Department of Labor. History: Introduced on January 18, 2022; Committee passed February 2, 2022; House passed as part of H.R. 7900, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 on July 14, 2022 H.R. 6531, Targeting Resources to Communities in Need Act. Introduced on February 1, 2022, by Rep. James E. Clyburn. This legislation would address funding for areas of persistent poverty. The bill would require the Bureau of the Census to publish a list of all areas of persistent poverty and annually update the list and require OMB to (1) implement guidance to increase the share of federal investments targeted to areas of persistent poverty and (2) report annually to Congress. The bill would also require GAO to report on the measures implemented by OMB under this bill, including by assessing whether those measures have increased federal investments in the affected areas. History: Introduced February 1, 2022; Committee passed April 6, 2022; House passed May 18, 2022 H.R. 6967, the Chance to Compete Act. Introduced on March 8, 2022, by Rep. Jody Hice. This legislation would modernize the evaluations that federal agencies use to assess job candidates. The bill would require that agency subject matter experts design assessments that test knowledge specific to the position for which the agency is hiring. The legislation would require OPM to (1) create an online tool to help agencies share and modify these assessments and (2) submit annual reports on the use of the assessments. History: Introduced March 8, 2022; Committee passed April 6, 2022; House passed September 29, 2022 H.R. 8326, Ensuring a Fair and Accurate Census Act. Introduced on July 11, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would vest consequential decision-making authority concerning decennial censuses solely with the Director of the Census Bureau. The bill would require the appointment of a Deputy Director of the Bureau with career experience and technical expertise, limit the number of political appointees at the Census Bureau, and provide transparency into the budgetary and operational planning of the Census Bureau by requiring five-year estimated budget needs with every budget request submitted to the President. The Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) would be required to submit the budget of the Census Bureau to the appropriate congressional committees when it is transmitted to the President. The Secretary would be required to certify that any new questions on decennial censuses have been researched, studied, and tested according to established statistical policies and procedures, and GAO would be required to report to Congress on compliance with such procedures. Finally, H.R. 8326 would codify the Census Bureau's advisory committees--including those on statistical and scientific standards. History: Introduced July 11, 2022; Committee passed July 20, 2022; House passed September 15, 2022 H.R. 8466, Chai Suthammanont Healthy Federal Workplaces Act. Introduced on July 21, 2022, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would require each agency to establish a plan containing procedures and policies to protect the safety of federal employees, contractors, and subcontractors present at any covered worksite during a nationwide public health emergency declared for an infectious disease, and to ensure continuity of operations. Specifically, each plan would detail public health protocols the agency will follow during such a declaration, including testing, identification and notification of individuals who may have been exposed; cleaning; occupancy limits; use of personal protective equipment (PPE); and protections for employees whose work requires them to travel off-site. The legislation would also require each agency to publish its plan on its website and communicate its plan to employees, contractors, and subcontractors. The OMB would also be required to provide public links to each agency's plan on a single web page. The OIG for each agency would be required to report to Congress on plan implementation, and GAO would issue a report on the lessons learned during the coronavirus pandemic on improving health and safety at federal agencies during nationwide public health emergencies. History: Introduced July 21, 2022; Committee passed September 20, 2022; House passed September 29, 2022 H.R. 8665, National Archives and Records Administration Modernization Act. Introduced on August 5, 2022, by Rep. Ro Khanna. This legislation would amend the U.S. Code to remove pronouns in references to the Archivist of the United States and others. History: Introduced on August 5, 2022; Committee passed September 20, 2022; House passed December 14, 2022 D. Legislation Considered by the Committee H.R. 564, Comprehensive Paid Leave for Federal Employees Act. Introduced on January 28, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would provide federal employees up to 12 weeks of paid leave during a 12-month period if the employee is dealing with a serious health condition; caring for a spouse, child, or parent with a serious health condition; or for reasons associated with a military deployment of a spouse, child, or parent. History: Introduced January 28, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021 H.R. 978, Chai Suthammanont Remembrance Act of 2021. Introduced on February 11, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would require each agency to prepare and communicate a COVID-19 safety plan for workers returning to regular worksites. History: Introduced February 11, 2021; Committee passed May 13, 2021. H.R. 1204, District of Columbia Chief Financial Officer Salary Home Rule Act. Introduced on February 22, 2021, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would revise the pay of the CFO of D.C. to establish it at the greater of either the current rate or a rate to be established in law by D.C. History: Introduced February 22, 2021; Committee passed June 29, 2021; on a motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, failed by the yeas and nays (\2/3\ required) H.R. 1224, Merit Systems Protection Board Empowerment Act of 2021. Introduced on February 23, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would reauthorize the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) through 2026 and allow MSPB to conduct employee surveys to help ensure that agencies are following merit system principles for the competitive service and identify where improvements may be necessary. The bill would also enable MSPB to collect information on applicants for federal employment, when not prohibited by existing law, and require that MSPB members, administrative judges, and other applicable employees complete whistleblower training. History: Introduced on February 23, 2021; Committee passed June 29, 2021 H.R. 1297, Air America Act of 2021. Introduced on February 4, 2021, by Rep. Glenn Grothman. This legislation would grant federal-employee status to Air America, Inc. employees who flew missions as part of Central Intelligence Agency operations in military conflicts between 1950 and 1976 and make them or their heirs eligible for federal retirement benefits. History: Introduced February 4, 2021; Committee passed May 25, 2021 H.R. 1307, Vote by Mail Tracking Act. Introduced on December 24, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This bill would help the Postal Service more efficiently and effectively manage mail-in ballots in federal elections by requiring all mail-in ballots to include a Postal Service trackable barcode and other stylistic requirements to make ballots easier to sort and track. History: Introduced December 24, 2021; Committee passed November 17, 2022 H.R. 1756, Measuring Real Income Growth Act. Introduced on March 10, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would require the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce (Commerce) to include in each of its gross domestic product analyses a recent estimate of the total amount added to the U.S. economy during the period covered by the recent estimate. The estimate would also disaggregate this amount by each of the 10 deciles of income and the highest 1% of income. History: Introduced March 10, 2021; Committee passed April 6, 2022 H.R. 1930, Federal Advisory Committee Transparency Act. Introduced on May 13, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would require agencies to inform advisory committee members of any applicable ethics requirements, ensure the disclosure of detailed minutes from advisory committee meetings, and clarify that the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended, applies to subcommittees and to committees set up by a contractor. History: Introduced on May 13, 2021; Committee passed May 13, 2021 H.R. 2994, Accountability for Acting Officials Act. Introduced on May 4, 2021, by Rep. Katie Porter. This legislation would strengthen requirements for the ``first assistant'' in an office or agency serving as an acting official, limit acting agency heads to serving a maximum of 120 days from the date of the vacancy, require acting officials to testify before Congress at least once every 60 days, and close other loopholes that allow the president to appoint acting officials without experience in the agencies they lead. History: Introduced on May 4, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021; House passed as part of H.R. 5314, Protecting Our Democracy Act, on December 9, 2021 H.R. 3077, Postal Service Improvement Act. Introduced on May 11, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would require mail-in ballots for federal elections to meet certain design and tracking requirements, would provide parental leave to Postal Service employees, would expand access to the Merit Systems Protection Board, would allow Postal Service supervisors and managers to negotiate pay and benefits, would set service standards for First-Class Mail to be those in place on January 1, 2021, and would require the Postmaster General to disclose financial information prior to taking office, among other things. History: Introduced May 11, 2021; Committee passed May 13, 2021 H.R. 3327, No Corruption Obligated Recurring Revenue Used as Pensions to Incarcerated Officials Now (No CORRUPTION) Act. Introduced on May 19, 2021, by Rep. Ralph Norman. This legislation would prohibit former Members of Congress who have been convicted of a crime from receiving pension payments during the period between conviction and sentencing. History: Introduced May 19, 2021; Committee passed May 25, 2021 H.R. 3367, Gold Star Children Act. Introduced on May 20, 2021, by Rep. Van Taylor. This legislation would extend veterans' preference in federal hiring to the children of certain veterans who died during a war or campaign or who are totally disabled as a result of their service. History: Introduced May 20, 2021; Committee passed May 25, 2021 H.R. 3787, District of Columbia Local Juror Non- Discrimination Act. Introduced on June 8, 2021, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would prohibit the exclusion of individuals from service on D.C. juries on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. History: Introduced June 8, 2021; Committee passed June 21, 2021 H.R. 4125, Keep the Watchdogs Running Act. Introduced on June 24, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would authorize a federal OIG to continue performing its duties during a lapse in appropriations (i.e., a government shutdown). During a lapse in appropriations, the OIG would be permitted to (1) obligate funds at the rate of operations and under the terms and conditions provided in the most recently enacted appropriations act, and (2)perform its duties with respect to any program that continues during the lapse in appropriations. History: Introduced June 24, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021. H.R. 4258, Improving Digital Identity Act. Introduced on June 30, 2021, by Rep. Bill Foster. This legislation would create the Improving Digital Identity Task Force to establish a government-wide effort to develop secure methods for governmental agencies to validate identity attributes to protect the privacy and security of individuals and support reliable, interoperable digital identity verification in the public and private sectors. The bill would require DHS to award grants to states to upgrade systems that provide drivers' licenses or other types of identity credentials to support the development of highly secure, interoperable state systems that enable digital identity verification. History: Introduced June 30, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2022; Senate companion (S.4528) introduced June 13, 2022; Senate Committee passed September 28, 2022 H.R. 4393, To require the Director of the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia and the Director of the District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency to reside in the District of Columbia. Introduced on July 9, 2021, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would require the Director of the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for D.C. and the Director of the Pretrial Services Agency for D.C. to reside in D.C. History: Introduced July 9, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021. H.R. 4448, Administrative Law Judges Competitive Services Restoration Act. Introduced on July 16, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would make administrative law judge (ALJ) positions part of the competitive service and otherwise modify the process for the appointment of ALJs, including by establishing certain minimum qualifications and conditions of employment. History: Introduced July 16, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021 H.R. 4465, Federally Funded Research and Technology Development Protection Act. Introduced on July 16, 2021, by Rep. Stephen Lynch. This legislation would address issues of transparency and accountability in federal grant-making to safeguard federally funded research and technology development. OMB would be required to mandate that any agency that makes a federal grant must maintain compliance operations to guard against malign foreign talent recruitment programs. OMB would also be required to prescribe standardized disclosure and accountability measures to support such operations. History: Introduced July 16, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021 H.R. 4469, AI in Counterterrorism Oversight Enhancement Act. Introduced on July 16, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would expand the responsibilities of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board to include oversight of the use of AI in counterterrorism and addresses related issues. History: Introduced July 16, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021; House passed as part of H.R. 7900, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, on July 14, 2022 H.R. 4470, Made in America Pandemic Preparedness Act. Introduced on July 16, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would establish a pandemic preparation tax credit and require HHS to maintain a specified amount of PPE in the Strategic National Stockpile. The bill would require that the PPE in the stockpile be produced domestically, with some exceptions. OMB would be required to work with HHS to report on the inventory in the Strategic National Stockpile and in stockpiles of other federal agencies, and the quantities of PPE that would be required for an array of possible emergencies, including a pandemic or other public health emergency that could last at least a year. History: Introduced on July 16, 2021; Committee passed July 20, 2021 H.R. 4688, Federal Agency Customer Experience (FACE) Act. Introduced on July 26, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would require certain agencies to collect voluntary customer experience feedback on their services and transactions. Each agency would publish the feedback on its website, report the feedback to OMB, and report on the solicitation of the feedback. GAO would publish a report assessing the data collected and reported by the agencies. History: Senate companion (S. 671) introduced on March 10, 2021; Senate Committee passed March 17, 2021; H.R. 4688 introduced on July 26, 2021; House Committee passed December 2, 2021; Senate passed June 22, 2022 H.R. 4778, District of Columbia Courts Vacancy Reduction Act. Introduced on July 28, 2021, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would allow D.C. judicial nominees to be appointed after a 30-day congressional review period without the advice and consent of the Senate, unless a joint resolution of disapproval is enacted into law during that period. History: Introduced on July 28, 2021; Committee passed December 2, 2021 H.R. 5477, Federal Agency Climate PREP Act. Introduced on October 5, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would require each agency to submit to OMB an agency climate action plan within one year of enactment; would establish an interagency council called the Council on Federal Agency Climate Planning, Resilience, and Enhanced Preparedness; and would codify the Office of Domestic Climate Policy within the EOP. History: Introduced October 5, 2021; Committee passed December 2, 2021 H.R. 5792, State and Local Digital Service Act. Introduced on November 1, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would direct GSA to establish a Digital Service Agreement Program, under which GSA would award grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or memoranda of understanding with, eligible applicants for the purpose of planning, establishing, or supporting a digital service team or supporting digital services collaboration to improve the delivery of government assistance through digital services. History: Introduced November 1, 2021; Committee passed December 2, 2021 H.R. 5815, Honest Census Communications Act. Introduced on November 2, 2021, by Rep. Anna Eshoo. The bill would prohibit communicating census-related information, or producing census- related information for communication, knowing the information to be materially false and with the intent to impede or prevent another person from participating in any census. History: November 2, 2021; Committee passed June 15, 2021 H.R. 6066, Strengthening the Office of Personnel Management Act. Introduced on November 23, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would provide statutory authority for the mission of OPM, establish the Chief Management Officer and the OPM Advisory Committee on Human Capital Management, and specify additional requirements for the appointment of the OPM Director and the removal of the OPM Director or Deputy Director. History: Introduced November 23, 2021; Committee passed December 2, 2021 H.R. 6104, Building the Next Generation of Federal Employees Act. Introduced on December 1, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would establish a Federal Internship and Fellowship Center within OPM that would manage a publicly accessible website with information about executive branch internship opportunities and provide support for federal agency managers to improve intern and fellow recruitment, engagement, and hiring. History: Introduced December 1, 2021; Committee passed May 11, 2022 H.R. 6361, District of Columbia National Guard Commanding General Residency Act. Introduced on January 6, 2022, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would require the commanding general of the D.C. National Guard to reside in D.C. History: Introduced on January 6, 2022; Committee passed February 2, 2022 H.R. 6497, Federal Information Security Modernization Act. Introduced on January 25, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would address federal information security management, notification and remediation of cybersecurity incidents, and the roles of OMB and CISA. Agencies would be required to evaluate whether additional cybersecurity procedures are appropriate at least once every three years. Each agency would provide information relating to every major cybersecurity incident to CISA, OMB, the Office of the National Cyber Director, the agency's OIG, GAO, and Congress. History: Introduced on January 25, 2021; Committee passed February 2, 2022 H.R. 6548, Justice in Power Plant Permitting Act. Introduced on February 1, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would prevent the permitting of fossil fuel-fired power plants and other sources of air pollution when the cumulative effects of that pollution would cause harm to the health and well-being of local communities. History: Introduced February 1, 2022; Committee passed July 20, 2022 H.R. 7185, Federal Contracting for Peace and Security Act. Introduced on March 21, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would require executive agencies to terminate their contracts with companies conducting business operations in Russia. The requirement would end when Russia takes steps to restore the safety, sovereignty, and condition of Ukraine. The bill would not apply to the procurement of products or services for the benefit of Ukraine or for humanitarian purposes to meet basic human needs, and in other limited circumstances. History: Introduced on March 21, 2022; Committee passed April 6, 2022; House passed as part of H.R. 7900, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, on July 14, 2022 H.R. 7376, Honoring Civil Servants Killed in the Line of Duty. Introduced on April 4, 2022, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would set a required standard death gratuity payment at $100,000 plus $8,800 for funeral expenses, with adjustments for inflation, for civil service employees who are killed in the line of duty or die as a result of an injury sustained at work. History: Introduced April 4, 2022; Committee passed April 6, 2022 H.R. 7674, Ensuring Oversight Access at the Postal Service Act. Introduced on May 6, 2022, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would ensure that Members of Congress have access to Postal Service facilities to perform congressional oversight, including on or around the date of an election for federal office. History: Introduced on May 6, 2022; Committee passed May 11, 2022 H.R. 7682, Ensuring an Accurate Postal Fleet Electrification Act. Introduced on May 6, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would require the Postal Service to conduct a new environmental impact statement with respect to the procurement of its next generation delivery vehicle. History: Introduced on May 6, 2022; Committee passed May 11, 2022 H.R. 7686, District of Columbia Code Returning Citizens Coordination Act. Introduced on May 6, 2022, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would require the Bureau of Prisons to provide information every 90 days to the Mayor of D.C. on every D.C. resident sentenced under the D.C. Code housed at a Bureau of Prisons facility. Upon request of the Mayor, BOP would be required to provide the Mayor the same information BOP provides to the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for D.C. on such individuals. History: Introduced on May 6, 2022; Committee passed May 11, 2022 H.R. 7941, District of Columbia Electronic Transmittal of Legislation Act. Introduced on June 3, 2022, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would allow D.C. to transmit legislation to Congress for the review period to Congress electronically. History: Introduced on June 3, 2022; Committee passed June 15, 2022 H.R. 7951, Telework Metrics and Cost Savings Act. Introduced on June 7, 2022, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would update current telework law for the federal workforce to improve work-life flexibility for employees and create reporting requirements that measure the cost savings to the federal government associated with telework. History: Introduced on June 7, 2022; Committee passed June 15, 2022 H.R. 8322, STOP Fraud Act. Introduced on July 11, 2021, by Rep. Gerald E. Connolly. This legislation would address issues of fraud and improper payments, including by establishing the Federal Real Antifraud Unified Directorate within OMB. The bill would require agencies to designate any program exceeding certain payments thresholds as a program susceptible to significant improper payments and to implement proactive analytics for a high-risk area of each designated program. OMB would be required to designate any program with outlays in the prior fiscal year of $50 billion or more as a high-priority program. An agency administering a high-priority program would be required to develop a plan to implement anti-fraud controls that would include digital identity-proofing solutions, threat intelligence, and proactive analytics. The bill would require that such plans take into consideration the administrative burden of implementing such anti-fraud controls. History: Introduced July 11, 2022; Committee passed July 20, 2022 H.R. 8325, Preventing Personal Conflicts of Interest in Federal Acquisition Act. Introduced on July 11, 2022, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. This legislation would expand the current rules governing personal conflicts of interest (PCIs), which are conflicts that are unique to the individual employees of a covered government contractor. Specifically, the bill would extend coverage to employees of contractors that support the regulatory, policymaking, and adjudicative functions of an executive agency, as well as other key functions with increased risks of conflicts. It would also prohibit contractors from advising an executive agency on sensitive matters while concurrently working with entities regulated by the agency, require these contractors to disclose their recent work for clients regulated by the agency, and set civil penalties for certain violations of these rules. History: Introduced on July 11, 2022; Committee passed July 20, 2022 H.R. 8861, District of Columbia Home Rule Expansion Act. Introduced on September 15, 2022, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. This legislation would eliminate the congressional review period for D.C. legislation and give D.C. the sole power to prosecute and grant clemency for all crimes under D.C. law. History: Introduced on September 15, 2022; Committee passed September 20, 2022 E. Postal Naming Measures Enacted Into Law H.R. 91, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 810 South Pendleton Street in Easley, South Carolina, as the ``Private First Class Barrett Lyle Austin Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Jeff Duncan. H.R. 92, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 110 Johnson Street in Pickens, South Carolina, as the ``Specialist Four Charles Johnson Post Office.'' Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Jeff Duncan. H.R. 203, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4020 Broadway Street in Houston, Texas, as the ``Benny C. Martinez Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 5, 2021, by Rep Sylvia Garcia. H.R. 208, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 500 West Main Street, Suite 102, in Tupelo, Mississippi, as the ``Colonel Carlyle Smitty Harris Post Office.'' Introduced on January 5, 2021, by Rep. Trent Kelly. H.R. 264, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1101 Charlotte Street in Georgetown, South Carolina, as the ``Joseph Hayne Rainey Memorial Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 11, 2021, by Rep. Tom Rice. H.R. 735, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 502 East Cotati Avenue in Cotati, California, as the ``Arturo L. Ibleto Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 2, 2021, by Rep. Mike Thompson. H.R. 767, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 40 Fulton Street in Middletown, New York, as the ``Benjamin A. Gilman Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 3, 2021, by Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney. H.R. 772, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 229 Minnetonka Avenue South in Wayzata, Minnesota, as the ``Jim Ramstad Post Office.'' Introduced on February 3, 2021, by Rep. Dean Phillips. H.R. 960, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 3493 Burnet Avenue in Cincinnati, Ohio, as the ``John H. Leahr and Herbert M. Heilbrun Post Office.'' Introduced on February 8, 2021, by Rep. Brad Wenstrup. H.R. 1095, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 101 South Willowbrook Avenue in Compton, California, as the ``PFC James Anderson, Jr., Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 18, 2021, by Rep. Nanette Barragan. H.R. 1170, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1 League in Irvine, California, as the ``Tuskegee Airman Lieutenant Colonel Robert J. Friend Memorial Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 18, 2021, by Rep. Katie Porter. H.R. 1298, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1233 North Cedar Street in Owasso, Oklahoma, as the ``Technical Sergeant Marshal Roberts Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 24, 2021, by Rep. Kevin Hern. H.R. 1444, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 132 North Loudoun Street, Suite 1, in Winchester, Virginia, as the ``Patsy Cline Post Office.'' Introduced on February 26, 2021, by Rep. Jennifer Wexton. H.R. 2044, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 17 East Main Street in Herington, Kansas, as the ``Captain Emil J. Kapaun Post Office Building.'' Introduced on March 18, 2021, by Rep. Tracey Mann. H.R. 2142, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located 170 Manhattan Avenue in Buffalo, New York, as the ``Indiana Hunt-Martin Post Office Building.'' Introduced on March 23, 2021, by Rep. Brian Higgins. H.R. 2324, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2800 South Adams Street in Tallahassee, Florida, as the ``D. Edwina Stephens Post Office.'' Introduced on April 1, 2021, by Rep. Al Lawson, Jr. H.R. 2472, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 82422 Cadiz Jewett Road in Cadiz, Ohio, as the ``John Armor Bingham Post Office.'' Introduced on April 13, 2021, by Rep. Bill Johnson. H.R. 2473, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 275 Penn Avenue in Salem, Ohio, as the ``Howard Arthur Tibbs Post Office.'' Introduced on April 13, 2021, by Rep. Bill Johnson. H.R. 3210, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1905 15th Street in Boulder, Colorado, as the ``Officer Eric H. Talley Post Office Building.'' Introduced on May 13, 2021, by Rep. Joe Neguse. H.R. 3419, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 66 Meserole Avenue in Brooklyn, New York, as the ``Joseph R. Lentol Post Office.'' Introduced on May 20, 2021, by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney. H.R. 3508, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 39 West Main Street in Honeoye Falls, New York, as the ``CW4 Christian J. Koch Memorial Post Office.'' Introduced on May 25, 2021, by Rep. Chris Jacobs. H.R. 3539, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 223 West Chalan Santo Papa in Hagatna, Guam, as the ``Atanasio Taitano Perez Post Office.'' Introduced by on May 25, 2021, Rep. Michael San Nicholas. H.R. 3579, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 200 East Main Street in Maroa, Illinois, as the ``Jeremy L. Ridlen Post Office.'' Introduced on May 28, 2021, by Rep. Rodney Davis. H.R. 3613, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 202 Trumbull Street in Saint Clair, Michigan, as the ``Corporal Jeffrey Robert Standfest Post Office Building.'' Introduced on May 28, 2021, by Rep. Lisa McClain. H.R. 4168, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 6223 Maple Street, in Omaha, Nebraska, as the ``Petty Officer 1st Class Charles Jackson French Post Office.'' Introduced on June 25, 2021, by Rep. Don Bacon. H.R. 4622, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 226 North Main Street in Roseville, Ohio, as the ``Ronald E. Rosser Post Office.'' Introduced on July 22, 2021, by Rep. Troy Balderson. H.R. 4899, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 10 Broadway Street West, in Akeley, Minnesota, as the ``Neal Kenneth Todd Post Office.'' Introduced on July 30, 2021, by Rep. Pete Stauber. H.R. 5271, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2245 Rosa L Parks Boulevard in Nashville, Tennessee, as the ``Thelma Harper Post Office Building.'' Introduced on September 17, 2021, by Rep. Jim Cooper. H.R. 5349, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1550 State Road S 38 211 in Orangeburg, South Carolina, as the ``J.I. Washington Post Office Building.'' Introduced on September 23, 2021, by Rep. James Clyburn. H.R. 5577, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 3900 Crown Road Southwest in Atlanta, Georgia, as the ``John R. Lewis Post Office Building.'' Introduced on October 12, 2021, by Rep. Nikema Williams. H.R. 5659, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1961 North C Street in Oxnard, California, as the ``John R. Hatcher III Post Office Building.'' Introduced on October 21, 2021, by Rep. Julia Brownley. H.R. 5650, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 16605 East Avenue of the Fountains in Fountain Hills, Arizona, as the ``Dr. C.T. Wright Post Office Building.'' Introduced on October 20, 2021, by Rep. David Schweikert. H.R. 5794, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 850 Walnut Street in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, as the ``First Sergeant Leonard A. Funk, Jr. Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 1, 2021, by Rep. Michael Doyle. H.R. 5809, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1801 Town and Country Drive in Norco, California, as the ``Lance Corporal Kareem Nikoui Memorial Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 2, 2021, by Rep. Ken Calvert. H.R. 5865, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4110 Bluebonnet Drive in Stafford, Texas, as the ``Leonard Scarcella Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 4, 2021, by Rep. Al Green. H.R. 5900, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2016 East 1st Street in Los Angeles, California, as the ``Marine Corps Reserve PVT Jacob Cruz Post Office.'' Introduced on November 5, 2021, by Rep. Jimmy Gomez. H.R. 5952, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 123 East Main Street, in Vergas, Minnesota, as the ``Jon Glade Post Office.'' Introduced on November 12, 2021, by Rep. Michelle Fischbach. H.R. 5976, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 101 West Walnut Street in Watseka, Illinois, as the ``Sgt. Jeremy C. Sherman Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 15, 2021, by Rep. Adam Kinzinger. H.R. 6039, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 501 Charles Street in Beaufort, South Carolina, as the ``Harriet Tubman Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 18, 2021, by Rep. Nancy Mace. H.R. 6040, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 11 Robert Smalls Parkway Suite C, in Beaufort, South Carolina, as the ``Robert Smalls Post Office.'' Introduced on November 18, 2021, by Rep. Nancy Mace. H.R. 6041, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 10 Bow Circle in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, as the ``Charles E. Fraser Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 18, 2021, by Rep. Nancy Mace. H.R. 6042, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 213 William Hilton Parkway in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, as the ``Caesar H. Wright Jr. Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 18, 2021, by Rep. Nancy Mace. H.R. 6080, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 5420 Kavanaugh Boulevard in Little Rock, Arkansas, as the ``Ronald A. Robinson Post Office.'' Introduced on November 26, 2021, by Rep. French Hill. H.R. 6175, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 135 West Wisconsin Street in Russell, Kansas, as the ``Robert J. Dole Memorial Post Office Building.'' Introduced on December 8, 2021, by Rep. Tracey Mann. H.R. 6218, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 317 Blattner Drive in Avon, Minnesota, as the ``W.O.C. Kort Miller Plantenberg Post Office.'' Introduced on December 9, 2021, by Rep. Tom Emmer. H.R. 6220, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 100 3rd Avenue Northwest in Perham, Minnesota, as the ``Charles P. Nord Post Office.'' Introduced on December 9, 2021, by Rep. Michelle Fischbach. H.R. 6221, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 155 Main Avenue West in Winsted, Minnesota, as the ``James A. Rogers Jr. Post Office.'' Introduced on December 9, 2021, by Rep. Michelle Fischbach. H.R. 6267, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 15 Chestnut Street in Suffern, New York, as the ``Sergeant Gerald T. `Jerry' Donnellan Post Office.'' Introduced on December 14, 2021, by Rep. Mondaire Jones. H.R. 6386, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 450 West Schaumburg Road in Schaumburg, Illinois, as the ``Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 12, 2022, by Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi. H.R. 6404, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 114 North Magnolia Street in Elmwood, Illinois, as the ``Corporal Benjamin Desilets Post Office.'' Introduced on January 13, 2022, by Rep. Darin LaHood. H.R. 6630, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1400 N Kraemer Blvd. in Placentia, California, as the ``PFC Jang Ho Kim Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 7, 2022, by Rep. Young Kim. H.R. 6631, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4770 Eureka Ave in Yorba Linda, California, as the ``Cottle Centanni Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 7, 2022, by Rep. Young Kim. Note: This bill failed the unanimous consent request. H.R. 6917, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 301 East Congress Parkway in Crystal Lake, Illinois, as the ``Ryan J. Cummings Post Office Building.'' Introduced on March 3, 2022, by Rep. Sean Casten. H.R. 7082, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2200 North George Mason Drive in Arlington, Virginia, as the ``Jesus Antonio Collazos Post Office Building.'' Introduced on March 15, 2022, by Rep. Donald Beyer, Jr. H.R. 7417, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 120 East Oak Avenue in Seminole, Oklahoma, as the ``Sergeant Bret D. Isenhower Memorial Post Office Building.'' Introduced on April 6, 2022, by Rep. Stephanie Bice. H.R. 7514, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 345 South Main Street in Butler, Pennsylvania, as the ``Andrew Gomer Williams Post Office Building.'' Introduced on April 14, 2022, by Rep. Mike Kelly. H.R. 7518, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 23200 John R Road in Hazel Park, Michigan, as the ``Roy E. Dickens Post Office.'' Introduced on April 14, 2022, by Rep. Andy Levin. H.R. 7519, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2050 South Boulevard in Bloomfield Township, Michigan, as the ``Dr. Ezra S. Parke Post Office Building.'' Introduced on April 14, 2022, by Rep. Andy Levin. H.R. 6725, To change the address of the Marilyn Monroe Post Office. Introduced on February 15, 2022, by Rep. Tony Cardenas. H.R. 7638, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 6000 South Florida Avenue in Lakeland, Florida, as the ``U.S. Marine Corporal Ronald R. Payne Jr. Post Office.'' Introduced on April 29, 2022, by Rep. Scott Franklin. H.R. 7832, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 396 South California Avenue in West Covina, California, as the ``Esteban E. Torres Post Office Building.'' Introduced on May 19, 2022, by Rep. Grace Napolitano. H.R. 7873, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 400 Southern Avenue Southeast in Washington, District of Columbia, as the ``District of Columbia Servicemembers and Veterans Post Office.'' Introduced on May 24, 2022, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. H.R. 7899, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 75 Commerce Drive in Grayslake, Illinois, as the ``Army Specialist Joseph `Joey' W. Dimock II Post Office Building.'' Introduced on May 27, 2022, by Rep. Bradley Schneider. H.R. 7988, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 79125 Corporate Centre Drive in La Quinta, California, as the ``Corporal Hunter Lopez Memorial Post Office Building.'' Introduced on June 8, 2022, by Rep. Raul Ruiz. H.R. 8025, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 100 South 1st Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as the ``Martin Olav Sabo Post Office.'' Introduced on June 13, 2022, by Rep. Ilhan Omar. H.R. 8026, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 825 West 65th Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as the ``Charles W. Lindberg Post Office.'' Introduced on June 13, 2022, by Rep. Ilhan Omar. H.R. 8203, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 651 Business Interstate Highway 35 North Suite 420 in New Braunfels, Texas, as the ``Bob Krueger Post Office.'' Introduced on June 23, 2022, by Rep. Lloyd Doggett. H.R. 8217, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 430 South Knowles Avenue in New Richmond, Wisconsin, as the ``Captain Robert C. Harmon and Private John R. Peirson Post Office Building.'' Introduced on June 23, 2022, by Rep. Thomas Tiffany. H.R. 8218, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 619 Hewett Street in Neillsville, Wisconsin, as the ``Corporal Mitchell Red Cloud, Jr. Post Office.'' Introduced on June 23, 2022, by Rep. Thomas Tiffany. H.R. 8226, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 236 Concord Exchange North in South Saint Paul, Minnesota, as the ``Officer Leo Pavlak Post Office Building.'' Introduced on June 24, 2022, by Rep. Angie Craig. H.R. 8370, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 415 High Street in Freeport, Pennsylvania, as the ``Corporal Joseph Rodney Chapman Post Office.'' Introduced on July 13, 2022, by Rep. Glenn Thompson. H.R. 8622, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 123 South 3rd Street in King City, California, as the ``Chief Rudy Banuelos Post Office.'' Introduced on July 29, 2022, by Rep. Jimmy Panetta. H.R. 8944, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1 East Main Street in Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, as the ``Harold Billow Post Office Building.'' Introduced on September 21, 2022, by Rep. Lloyd Smucker. H.R. 8959, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at N4805 State Highway 32 in Krakow, Wisconsin, as the ``Romuald `Bud' Brzezinski Post Office.'' Introduced on September 22, 2022, by Rep. Mike Gallagher. H.R. 9074, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 333 North Sunrise Way in Palm Springs, California, as the ``Chairman Richard Milanovich Post Office.'' Introduced on September 29, 2022, by Rep. Raul Ruiz. H.R. 9308, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 6401 El Cajon Boulevard in San Diego, California, as the ``Susan A. Davis Post Office.'' Introduced on November 16, 2022, by Rep. Sara Jacobs. H.R. 9335, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 410 Franklin Street in Appleton, Wisconsin, as the ``Mitchell F. Lundgaard Post Office Building.'' Introduced on November 17, 2022, by Rep. Mike Gallagher. S. 566, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 42 Main Street in Slatersville, Rhode Island, as the ``Specialist Matthew R. Turcotte Post Office.'' Introduced on March 3, 2021, by Senator Jack Reed. S. 4411, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 5302 Galveston Road in Houston, Texas, as the ``Vanessa Guillen Post Office Building.'' Introduced on June 15, 2022, by Senator Ted Cruz. S. 4668, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 400 North Main Street in Belen, New Mexico, as the ``U.S. Senator Dennis Chavez Post Office.'' Introduced on July 28, 2022, by Senator Martin Heinrich. F. Postal Naming Measures Passed by the House H.R. 91, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 810 South Pendleton Street in Easley, South Carolina, as the ``Private First Class Barrett Lyle Austin Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Jeff Duncan. H.R. 92, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 110 Johnson Street in Pickens, South Carolina, as the ``Specialist Four Charles Johnson Post Office.'' Introduced on January 4, 2021, by Rep. Jeff Duncan. H.R. 207, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 215 1st Avenue in Amory, Mississippi, as the ``Command Sergeant Major Lawrence E. Rabbit Kennedy Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 5, 2021, by Rep. Trent Kelly. H.R. 209, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 305 Highway 15 North in Pontotoc, Mississippi, as the ``Lance Corporal Marc Lucas Tucker Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 5, 2021, by Rep. Trent Kelly. H.R. 224, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 5302 Galveston Road in Houston, Texas, as the ``Vanessa Guillten Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 6, 2021, by Rep. Sylvia Garcia. H.R. 228, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2141 Ferry Street in Anderson, California, as the ``Norma Comnick Post Office Building.'' Introduced on January 6, 2021, by Rep. Doug LaMalfa. H.R. 700, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 303 East Mississippi Avenue in Elwood, Illinois, as the ``Lawrence M. `Larry' Walsh Sr. Post Office.'' Introduced on February 2, 2021, by Rep. Bill Foster. H.R. 813, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1050 Sunset Road Southwest in Albuquerque, New Mexico, as the ``Jose Hernandez Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 4, 2021, by Rep. Debra Haaland. H.R. 2142, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 170 Manhattan Avenue in Buffalo, New York, as the ``Indiana Hunt-Martin Post Office Building.'' Introduced on March 23, 2021, by Rep. Brian Higgins. H.R. 3175, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 135 Main Street in Biloxi, Mississippi, as the ``Robert S. McKeithen Post Office Building.'' Introduced on May 13, 2021, by Rep. Steven Palazzo. H.R. 3508, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 39 West Main Street, in Honeoye Falls, New York, as the ``CW4 Christian J. Koch Memorial Post Office.'' Introduced on May 25, 2021, by Rep. Chris Jacobs. H.R. 5577, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 3900 Crown Road Southwest in Atlanta, Georgia, as the ``John R. Lewis Post Office Building.'' Introduced on October 12, 2021, by Rep. Nikema Williams. H.R. 5949, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 615 North Bush Street, in Santa Ana, California, as the ``Judge James Perez Post Office.'' Introduced on November 12, 2021, by Rep. Luis Correa. H.R. 6614, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4744 Grand River Avenue in Detroit, Michigan, as the ``Rosa Louise McCauley Parks Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 4, 2022, by Rep. Rashida Tlaib. G. Postal Naming Measures Approved by the Committee H.R. 2842, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 120 4th Street in Petaluma, California, as the ``Lynn C. Woolsey Post Office Building.'' Introduced on April 26, 2021, by Rep. Jared Huffman. H.R. 5951, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 202 2nd Avenue in Oklee, Minnesota, as the ``Coya Knutson Post Office.'' Introduced on November 12, 2021, by Rep. Michelle Fischbach. H.R. 6661, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1663 East Date Place in San Bernardino, California, as the ``Dr. Margaret B. Hill Post Office Building.'' Introduced on February 9, 2022, by Rep. Pete Aguilar. Note: This bill failed the unanimous consent request. H.R. 7371, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 55 Broadway in Greenlawn, New York, as the ``Samuel Ballton Post Office.'' Introduced on April 1, 2022, by Rep. Thomas Suozzi. H.R. 8248, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 609 Portsmouth Avenue in Greenland, New Hampshire, as the ``Chief Michael Maloney Post Office Building.'' Introduced on June 28, 2022, by Rep. Chris Pappas. H.R. 8630, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 400 North Main Street in Belen, New Mexico, as the ``U.S. Senator Dennis Chavez Post Office.'' Introduced on July 29, 2022, by Rep. Melanie Stansbury. Note: This bill failed the unanimous consent request. H.R. 9251, To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 6444 San Fernando Road in Glendale, California, as the ``Paul Ignatius Post Office.'' Introduced on October 28, 2022, by Rep. Adam Schiff. V. Summary of Oversight Plan and Corresponding Actions Pursuant to rule X, Clause 2(d), of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Committee adopted an oversight plan at the beginning of the 117th Congress. The plan consisted of topics designated for investigation, evaluation, and review by Chairwoman Carolyn B. Maloney, in consultation with Ranking Member James R. Comer, other Committee Members, and other Committees. The plan highlighted intended subjects of oversight, including: Health care, including (1) aggressive drug pricing practices in the U.S., tactics to limit competition, and actions the federal government can take to lower drug prices; (2) barriers to access to comprehensive reproductive health care in the U.S., including (a) restrictions that prevent historically underserved communities from accessing abortion care and (b) barriers to birth control; and (3) the origins of the opioid crisis and the need for robust, sustained federal funding to expand access to treatment and support services for those with opioid and other substance use disorders; The U.S. Census, including the Trump Administration's efforts to add a citizenship question to the Census and the undercounting of marginalized communities and communities of color in the 2020 Decennial Census; Information technology, cybersecurity, and data privacy, including the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA), the increasing number of cyberattacks affecting federal agencies and the private sector, and the collection of sensitive personal digital data by private companies; Environmental issues, including government and private sector policies and actions related to the environment, natural resources, climate change, and public health, and the ways in which current policies and actions affect marginalized communities; Homeland and national security, including the January 6, 2021, insurrection at the Capitol, procedures for granting security clearances and safeguarding classified information, and management at the Transportation Security Administration (TSA); Structural racism and racial equity, including systemic discrimination in health care settings, health inequities, and other barriers that prevent Black people, Indigenous people, and people of color from accessing high-quality, nondiscriminatory medical care in the U.S.; Gender equity, including structural barriers to gender equity, as well as the need for reforms to promote equity domestically and abroad for people of all sexual orientations, of all gender identities, and with variations in sex characteristics--particularly with a focus on the experiences of those who have historically faced intersecting forms of discrimination; Voting Rights, including the development and impact of laws and policies that have hindered eligible individuals from registering to vote and casting their ballots, other efforts to restrict the right to vote, and the Voting Rights Act and other laws aimed at preventing barriers to those seeking to exercise their right to vote; Immigration, including the persisting results of the Trump Administration's immigration policies, and oversight of DHS, DOJ, HHS, and other agencies tasked with developing and implementing federal immigration policies; Gun violence, including the public health impacts of the gun violence epidemic in the United States and the effectiveness of firearms oversight and tracking by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives; Corporate accountability, including the role of the private sector in facilitating societal ills; Executive branch ethics, transparency, accountability, and procurement, including oversight of compliance with ethics laws such as the Hatch Act, compliance with the Federal Records Act and PRA, implementation of open government laws, and responses to allegations of whistleblower retaliation; oversight of government procurement; and oversight of the broader ``good government'' community, including GAO and agency Inspectors General; and Presidential conflicts of interest and emoluments, including former President Trump's business interests, financial disclosures, and failure to divest himself of his myriad businesses while in office; whether current ethics laws and regulations are sufficient to ensure accountability; GSA's management of the lease for the Old Post Office Building; and the Trump Administration's abrupt decision in June 2017 to abandon a long-planned move of the FBI's headquarters. The Committee's oversight of these and many other issues in the 117th Congress resulted in substantial cost savings for American taxpayers and improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of our government. The following highlights the major oversight accomplishments of the Committee in the 117th Congress. A. Full Committee I. HEALTH CARE Drug Pricing. In January 2019, the Committee launched an investigation into the pharmaceutical industry's pricing and other business practices. The purpose of the investigation was to determine why drug companies are increasing prices so dramatically, how drug companies are using the proceeds, and what steps can be taken to reduce prescription drug prices. Continuing this investigation into the 117th Congress, the Committee issued four reports, including a 269-page final report on December 10, 2021. This report marked the culmination of a nearly three-year investigation that included the review of nearly 1.5 million pages of internal company materials, five hearings, and eight interim staff reports. This investigative work also informed Chairwoman Maloney's subsequent introduction, during the 117th Congress, of several pieces of legislation, including the Discounted Drugs for Clinical Trials Act (H.R. 7472), the Generic Substitution Non- Interference Act (H.R. 7473), and the Pharmaceutical Research and Transparency Act (H.R. 7474). All three pieces of legislation address conduct uncovered over the course of the drug-pricing investigation. The Chairwoman also joined a group of bipartisan senators and representatives in 2021 to introduce a legislative package aimed at lowering prescription drug prices by addressing anticompetitive practices used by large pharmaceutical companies. The bills include the Preserve Access to Affordable Generics and Biosimilars Act (H.R. 2891), the Affordable Prescriptions for Patients Through Promoting Competition Act (H.R. 2873), and the Stop Stalling Access to Affordable Medications Act (H.R. 2883). On May 18, 2021, the Committee held a hearing to examine the pricing and business practices of Abb Vie, which sells the anti-inflammatory drug Humira--the highest grossing drug in the U.S. and in the world--and the cancer drug Imbruvica. The hearing included the CEO of Abb Vie as well as experts on the anticompetitive practices employed by large drug companies. The same day as the hearing, the Committee released a staff report and new documents showing how Abb Vie repeatedly raised the price of these drugs and used a series of anticompetitive tactics to maintain monopoly pricing. The Committee also sent a letter to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) asking for a formal inquiry into Abb Vie's anticompetitive conduct. On July 8, 2021, the Committee released a staff report analyzing financial data from 14 of the largest drug companies in the world. The report showed that, from 2016 to 2020, the companies spent $56 billion more on stock buybacks and dividends than on research and development. The report illustrated the need for structural reform to empower Medicare to negotiate directly with drug companies to lower prices, and showed that, even if the pharmaceutical industry collected less revenue due to drug pricing reforms, drug companies could maintain or even increase their research and development expenditures if they reduced spending on buybacks and dividends. On September 23, 2021, the Committee released a staff report with new information about the billions of dollars taxpayers lost because of the prohibition against Medicare negotiating directly with pharmaceutical companies to lower drug prices on behalf of Medicare Part D beneficiaries. The report provided new evidence about the extent to which drug companies target the U.S. market for price increases, while maintaining or lowering prices in the rest of the world. The investigation's final report, released on December 10, 2021, presented the findings from the Committee's sweeping investigation into pricing and other business practices in the pharmaceutical industry and the need for effective reforms to make prescription drugs more affordable, such as empowering Medicare to negotiate for lower prices, restraining price increases, and capping out-of-pocket costs. Abortion Rights and Access. Over the course of the 117th Congress, the Committee held three hearings addressing restrictions on reproductive rights and access to abortion care. In addition to these hearings, the Committee issued letters, a memorandum, and a report in furtherance of its work to protect reproductive rights and access to care. On September 30, 2021, the Committee held a hearing to examine the impacts of bans like Texas' S.B. 8, which banned abortion after six weeks of pregnancy and authorized private citizens to bring civil action against anyone who performed an abortion or who assisted a pregnant person in obtaining an abortion in the state of Texas. This hearing featured the historic testimony of sitting Members of Congress, who shared their abortion stories to highlight the need to protect and expand abortion rights and access. Following the U.S. Supreme Court's June 24, 2022, opinion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturning Roe v. Wade, the Committee convened a hearing on July 13, 2022, to examine the landscape of abortion bans and the impact of Dobbs on people in states hostile to abortion. On September 29, 2022, the Committee held another hearing on the impact of Dobbs, focusing on how existing abortion bans affect patients in impacted states and the threat of a national abortion ban under a potential Republican-led Congress. In conjunction with this hearing, the Committee issued a memorandum analyzing bills Republican legislators have passed or introduced to restrict abortion access at both the state and federal level. Access to Medication Abortion. During the 117th Congress, the Committee specifically focused on promoting access to medication abortion. On February 9, 2021, the Committee wrote to FDA asking the agency to lift the medically unnecessary in- person dispensing requirement for mifepristone, the first of two drugs used to complete a medication abortion. On August 19, 2021, the Chairwoman joined other representatives to introduce a resolution supporting equitable, science-based access to mifepristone (H. Res. 589). The resolution urged FDA to follow its own data on the safety of mifepristone and lift unnecessary restrictions to accessing the drug. On December 16, 2021, FDA announced its decision to eliminate the medically unnecessary in-person dispensing requirement for mifepristone. On March 16, 2022, the Committee wrote to the Secretary of HHS to commend the agency for creating the Reproductive Health Care Access Task Force and to urge HHS to take immediate action to protect and expand access to medication abortion care. Access to Birth Control. On October 7, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney joined other Committee leaders in urging HHS, the Department of Labor, and the Department of the Treasury to ensure that health insurance companies' coverage of the full range of contraceptives approved by FDA was in accordance with ACA requirements. On November 17, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney led more than 100 Democrats in reintroducing the Access to Birth Control Act (H.R. 6005), which would guarantee patients' timely access to birth control at the pharmacy--including by addressing pharmacies' refusals of contraception that prevent patients from obtaining their preferred form of birth control medication. On May 26, 2022, the Committee wrote to the four largest pharmacy benefit managers and five largest health insurers requesting information regarding zero cost-sharing coverage of contraceptives and related services for individuals enrolled in private health plans, as required by the ACA. On October 25, 2022, the Committee issued a report analyzing these entities' compliance with the ACA's ``no cost- sharing'' provisions by identifying the products most often excluded from formularies or requiring cost-sharing, detailing deficiencies in the companies' contraceptive exceptions processes, examining the impact on certain patient populations, and providing recommendations for further guidance from the Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor, and Treasury. Opioids. On March 4, 2021, the Committee sent letters to four companies seeking information about their plans to use the CARES Act to receive tax deductions for costs related to opioid litigation. On March 11, 2021, the Committee released a second set of documents obtained in the investigation into Purdue Pharma L.P. and the members of the Sackler family regarding their role in fueling the opioid crisis. The Committee released a first set of documents in this investigation in October of 2020. On March 19, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney and senior Committee Member Rep. Mark DeSaulnier introduced the Stop Shielding Assets from Corporate Known Liability by Eliminating Non-Debtor Releases (SACKLER) Act (H.R. 2096) to prevent bad actors from using related wrongdoers' bankruptcy proceedings to avoid liability. The bill would promote accountability for bad actors by prohibiting bankruptcy courts from releasing a non-debtor (i.e., an entity that has not filed for bankruptcy) from claims brought by a state, municipality, Tribe, or the U.S. government. On April 20, 2021, the Committee released documents from the Sackler family investigation that showed that members of the family, who have owned a controlling share of Purdue Pharma since 1952, are collectively worth a total of $11 billion. On June 8, 2021, the Committee held a second hearing on the Sackler family's role in the opioid crisis. The hearing examined how the family members enriched themselves at the expense of American communities and evaluated the need for reforms like the SACKLER Act. A bipartisan group of state attorneys general testified in support of the SACKLER Act. This hearing followed a hearing held during the 116th Congress (on December 17, 2020), during which members of the Sackler family testified before the Committee. On June 30, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Mark DeSaulnier sent a letter to DOJ urging the agency to oppose the proposed bankruptcy reorganization plan of Purdue Pharma. This plan would allow the company to evade liability that resulted from opioid-related lawsuits. On July 28, 2021, the Chairwoman joined three Democratic senators to introduce the Nondebtor Release Prohibition Act of 2021 (H.R. 4777), which expanded on the SACKLER Act to virtually eliminate non-debtor releases and further prevent individuals who have not filed for bankruptcy from evading accountability through bankruptcy proceedings. On August 6, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Mark DeSaulnier joined Senator Elizabeth Warren and Senator Richard Blumenthal in urging DOJ to appeal Purdue Pharma's bankruptcy on the grounds that it would deny victims and state attorneys general the opportunity to litigate their cases against the Sacklers. On September 16, 2021, following the Committee's letters, the U.S. Trustee, a component of DOJ responsible for overseeing the administration of bankruptcy cases, announced that it was appealing the confirmation of Purdue's bankruptcy plan. On December 16, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney led more than 100 Democrats in reintroducing her Comprehensive Addiction Resources Emergency Act (H.R. 6311), which would provide state and local governments with $125 billion in federal funding over ten years, including nearly $1 billion per year directly to tribal governments and organizations. On April 12, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Senator Tammy Baldwin led more than two dozen bicameral, bipartisan colleagues in sending letters to seven manufacturers of the overdose reversal drug naloxone. The letters called on the manufacturers to apply for over-the-counter status for their naloxone products to help increase access and save lives. On June 27, 2022, the Committee held a hearing to examine the federal government's response to the overdose and addiction crisis, including the Biden-Harris Administration's 2022 National Drug Control Strategy. The Committee heard testimony from Dr. Rahul Gupta, Director of the ONDCP, regarding the 2022 National Drug Control Strategy. The Strategy proposes a whole- of-government approach to reducing the supply and availability of dangerous substances and ensuring that addiction is treated as a disease. Pharmaceutical Industry and Drug Safety. On July 12, 2021, the Chairwoman joined Chairman Pallone of the Committee on Energy and Commerce in sending a letter to the CEO of Biogen-- maker of the Alzheimer's drug Aduhelm--requesting documents and communications concerning the drug's approval process, pricing, and other related business strategies. The letter followed FDA's controversial approval of Aduhelm in June 2021 via the agency's accelerated approval mechanism. On September 2, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney and Chairman Pallone sent a letter to FDA requesting information regarding the agency's review process and accelerated approval of Aduhelm. On December 29, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Chairman Pallone issued a joint final report titled ``The High Price of Aduhelm's Approval: An Investigation into FDA's Atypical Review Process and Biogen's Aggressive Launch Plans.'' The report presented the findings of the Committees' 18-month investigation into the regulatory review and approval, pricing, and marketing of Aduhelm. The investigation found that FDA's review and approval of Aduhelm consisted of atypical procedures and deviated from the agency's own guidance. The investigation also found that Biogen had aggressive launch plans for Aduhelm--including in its label and pricing--despite concerns about efficacy, safety, and affordability. The Committees' report made several recommendations to FDA intended to help restore the American people's trust in the agency's processes and assurances of drug safety and efficacy. The report also recommended actions that Biogen and other drug sponsors take in the future to fulfill their responsibility to the patients and families who rely on their treatments. II. CENSUS Citizenship Question. In the 117th Congress, the Committee continued the work began in the 116th Congress on oversight of the decennial census. Over the course of this investigation, the Committee faced unprecedented obstruction from the Trump Administration, including Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross and Attorney General Bill Barr, both of whom were held in contempt of Congress after they refused to produce documents responsive to the Committee's subpoenas. After more than two years of litigation and the arrival of a new administration, in January 2022, the Committee entered into an agreement with Commerce and DOJ to obtain previously withheld key documents. The new documents--over which President Trump had previously asserted executive privilege--contain internal communications and analyses by Trump Administration officials regarding the legality and constitutionality of a question Administration officials sought to have included on the 2020 Census asking whether respondents were U.S. citizens. On July 20, 2022, the Committee released a report and new documents obtained from Commerce and DOJ. These documents include multiple drafts of an August 2017 memorandum about the citizenship question prepared by a senior political appointee and lawyer at Commerce, James Uthmeier, as well as communications among senior political appointees, which were all previously withheld by the Trump Administration based on various claims of privilege. In response to investigative findings stemming from the new documents, on July 11, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney introduced H.R. 8326, the Ensuring a Fair and Accurate Census Act, designed to enhance the independence of the Census Bureau and protect it from future partisan manipulation. H.R. 8326 would codify existing advisory committees aimed at engaging hard-to-count communities, provide increased transparency into the projected resource needs of the Census Bureau, and ensure that any new questions added to the decennial census are vigorously researched and tested according to establish protocol. H.R. 8326 was marked up and reported favorably out of the Oversight Committee on July 20, 2022. It passed the House 220- 208 on September 15, 2022. Undercounting of Marginalized Communities. In the 117th Congress, the Committee launched inquiries into the undercounting of marginalized communities and communities of color in the 2020 Census. On January 13, 2022, following reports that the residential units in the city of Detroit, Michigan, may have been undercounted by as much as 8.1%, Chairwoman Maloney, Rep. Jamie Raskin, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, along with Committee Members Rep. Rashida Tlaib and Rep. Brenda Lawrence, sent a letter to Census Bureau Director Robert Santos requesting information on whether the agency was looking into reported 2020 Census undercounting in Detroit and other hard-to-count communities. The Members requested that the Census Bureau provide a staff briefing by January 27, 2022, on the process and timeline the agency is using to analyze potential undercounts in the 2020 Census; the Bureau's analysis of the potential undercount in Detroit and any steps being taken to address it; and any steps communities can take to challenge and amend their population counts when an undercount has occurred. Bureau staff later provided a briefing to committee staff on the processes and programs that allow local jurisdictions to apply for, and receive adjustments to, their population numbers via challenge. Additional Committee Actions on Census. On November 2, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney, Rep. Anna Eshoo, and Senator Brian Schatz introduced a bicameral bill to ban all forms of disinformation about the census. The Honest Census Communications Act (H.R. 5815) would outlaw communicating false information about the census using written, digital, or telephonic communications intended to dissuade others from participating in the census. H.R. 5815 was marked up and passed favorably out of Committee on June 15, 2022. On June 14, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Committee Member Rep. Rashida Tlaib led Oversight Committee Members in a letter to Shalanda Young, Director of OMB, and Robert Santos, Director of the U.S. Census Bureau, urging them to update the standards for federal data collection on race and ethnicity to include a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) response category. The letter urged the Census Bureau to add MENA as a response to the race and ethnicity question on the decennial census, and urged OMB to increase the funding for federal programs targeted to the needs of the MENA community so it is comparable to the funding other minority communities receive. The following day, the White House released a statement detailing its plans to review and update the federal data standards to include a MENA category. On June 14, 2022, the Committee also marked up and reported favorably H.R. 4176, the LGBTQI+ Data Inclusion Act. H.R. 4176 would expand federal data collection efforts pertaining to LGBTQI+ people so that policy solutions could be better tailored to the specific challenges LGBTQI+ people face. H.R. 4176 passed the House 220-201 on June 23, 2022. III. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, CYBERSECURITY, AND DATA PRIVACY Cybersecurity. The Committee continued to conduct robust oversight of federal agency resilience to cyberattacks and examine specific cybersecurity incidents affecting the public and private sectors. In February 2021, the Committee held a joint hearing with the Committee on Homeland Security to examine cyberattacks, including the supply chain attack targeting SolarWinds' Orion software. The hearing examined the role of the private sector in preventing, investigating, and remediating these attacks, as well as the need for Congress and the Executive Branch to implement a strategy to strengthen cybersecurity across federal government networks and improve information-sharing with the private sector. In June 2021, the Committee launched an investigation into ransomware attacks and multi-million dollar payments to cybercriminals by U.S. companies and sent letters to private companies including Colonial Pipeline, CNA Financial Corporation, and JBS Foods requesting documents related to the companies' decisions to pay ransom to cybercrime groups. The Committee also requested answers from the FBI regarding its delay in aiding businesses impacted by the Kaseya ransomware attack while it secretly worked behind the scenes to disrupt the criminals responsible for the ransomware attack. In November 2021, the Committee held a hearing to address the complex threat that ransomware poses by urging a whole-of- government effort to disrupt criminal ransomware networks and help organizations better prepare and respond to attacks. At the hearing, the Committee heard testimony from Chris Inglis, National Cyber Director; Brandon Wales, Executive Director for CISA; and Bryan Vorndran, Assistant Director for FBI's Cyber Division. The Committee underscored the need to implement a ``whole-of-government'' ransomware strategy to better share information between private and public entities. Ahead of the hearing, the Committee also released a staff memo showing preliminary findings of the Committee's investigation into the ransomware attacks on CNA Financial, Colonial Pipeline, and JBS Foods. The memo examined how these ransomware attacks unfolded and how legislation and policies may be developed to counter the threat of ransomware. In January 2022, the Committee held a hearing to examine strategies to strengthen FISMA, which establishes the roles and responsibilities of federal agencies related to the security of federal information systems and data and requires compliance with cybersecurity standards. FISMA has not been updated since 2014, and following the hearing, Chairwoman Maloney introduced H.R. 6497, the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2022, which was informed by the Committee's work on cybersecurity. Privacy. The Committee built on its data privacy work from the previous Congress and launched an investigation into the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) use of facial recognition technology to verify identity for accessing crucial government services. The Committee requested documents and information from the IRS regarding its contract with ID.me, a private contractor that provides identity verification using biometric information. After the Committee received documents and information from the IRS, it sent a joint letter with the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis to ID.me, requesting documents and information related to the company's contracts with federal, state, and local governments for use of its facial recognition technology. The Committee also investigated the collection and sale of personal reproductive health data following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade. In July 2022, the Committee launched an investigation into five data broker companies and five personal health application companies requesting documents and information. IV. ENVIRONMENT Fossil Fuel Industry Disinformation. On July 26, 2021, the Committee launched an investigation into the fossil fuel industry's decades-long disinformation campaign regarding climate change and solutions. The fossil fuel industry has had scientific evidence about the dangers of climate change for years but has sought to block reforms by claiming that the science about climate change was unsettled. More recently, some companies have taken public stances in support of action on global warming, even as they oppose meaningful solutions and continue to invest in fossil fuel extraction. On May 7, 2021, then-senior lobbyist for ExxonMobil Keith McCoy was recorded discussing efforts by ExxonMobil and the fossil fuel industry to spread climate disinformation to block action needed to address climate change. On July 26, 2021, the Committee requested Mr. McCoy's appearance at a transcribed interview. On August 6, 2021, the Committee wrote to Mr. McCoy's then-employer, ExxonMobil, seeking documents and communications to and from Mr. McCoy regarding climate change and related matters. On August 30, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney, Rep. Khanna, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Environment, and Rep. Omar led over 50 Democrats in a letter to House Democratic leadership calling to end the $21 billion in tax giveaways to fossil fuel companies, which profit by selling oil and gas while heating the planet and polluting communities. On September 16, 2021, the Committee launched a broader investigation with letters to ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP America, Shell Oil Company, the American Petroleum Institute, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. These letters sought documents related to the entities' roles in contributing to climate change, their marketing and lobbying efforts on climate change, and the funding of third parties to spread climate disinformation. The letters also requested testimony from the top executives at these six entities. On October 28, 2021, the Committee, along with the Subcommittee on Environment, held a hearing titled ``Fueling the Climate Crisis: Exposing Big Oil's Disinformation Campaign.'' At this hearing, executives from the six entities to which the Committee wrote in September testified. In response to questioning from Chairwoman Maloney, witnesses admitted that climate change is real, burning fossil fuels is a primary contributor to climate change, and climate change is an existential threat to the planet. On the same day, the Committee released a supplemental memorandum detailing the Committee's analysis of fossil fuel companies' lobbying efforts related to the Paris Agreement (a binding international treaty to hold the rise in average global temperature to well below 2 +C, primarily by cutting greenhouse gas emissions) and other climate policies. The memo showed that these efforts were not consistent with the companies' public rhetoric and support for the Paris Agreement. At the conclusion of the hearing, Chairwoman Maloney announced her intent to issue subpoenas to the entities represented at the hearing. On November 2, 2021, the Committee issued subpoenas to these six entities. On February 8, 2022, the Committee, along with the Subcommittee on Environment, held a hearing titled ``Fueling the Climate Crisis: Examining Big Oil's Climate Pledges.'' Witnesses included a climate scientist, a climate policy expert serving the public interest, and the founder of a group of shareholder activists engaging with the fossil fuel companies in which they own shares. Witnesses emphasized that the fossil fuel industry's climate pledges are part of a ``greenwashing'' campaign, in which companies claim to support the Paris Agreement's goals but invest more in advertising touting this support than in clean energy solutions. On April 4, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Khanna, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Environment, sent a letter to the CEOs of Exxon, Chevron, Shell, and BP America. The letter called on the CEOs to redirect their windfall profits--earned due to higher gas prices following Russia's attack on Ukraine-- away from enriching investors with dividends and stock buybacks and towards lowering the price of gasoline and making real investments in clean energy. On September 14, 2022, the Committee released a supplemental memorandum showing that fossil fuel companies knowingly mislead the public about the industry's commitment to reduce emissions. The memo found that the fossil fuel companies under investigation try to create the impression that they are taking ambitious steps to reduce emissions without actually doing so. Instead, these companies claim the mantle of climate leadership to reduce social and political consequences as they continue to profit from being the primary cause of catastrophic warming. On September 15, 2022, the Committee, along with the Subcommittee on Environment, held a hearing titled ``Fueling the Climate Crisis: Examining Big Oil's Prices, Profits, and Pledges.'' Earlier in the year, the Committee invited board members from Exxon, Chevron, Shell, and BP America to testify about the companies' climate pledges. They failed to appear. The Committee once again invited the board members, but they declined to appear on the date requested. The Committee received testimony from two panels of witnesses. The first panel consisted of witnesses who survived climate events. They testified about how heatwaves, wildfires, floods, and other extreme weather made worse by climate change constitute an ongoing crisis across the United States. The second panel consisted of public policy, environmental law, and labor experts. They discussed how fossil fuel companies have doubled down on the oil and gas driving climate change to make record profits while fleecing working families and endangering employees. On December 9, 2022, the Committee, along with the Subcommittee on Environment, released a report with documents detailing more evidence of the industry's misdeeds. The report detailed Big Oil's more modern greenwashing campaign and evidence that tended to show a failure to reduce emissions consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement. The report explained how the Committee, along with the Subcommittee on Environment, uncovered documents that suggest (a) a culture of obscuring long-term goals for investments in fossil fuels and (b) failure to meaningfully reduce emissions. Environmental Justice and Community Investment. In the 117th Congress, the Committee worked on environmental justice issues and emphasized the importance of directing environmental investments to communities most impacted by climate change, pollution, and the economic impact of a transition away from fossil fuels. On July 21, 2021, the Committee held a hearing titled ``Building Back with Justice: Environmental Justice Is Central to the American Jobs Plan,'' in which witnesses from the White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council and the New York Climate Action Council testified alongside labor and racial equity experts. At the hearing, Chairwoman Maloney pledged her support for ``no harms'' in the Justice40 Initiative (Justice40)--a Biden Administration initiative to direct 40% of federal climate and infrastructure investments to overburdened and underserved communities--so that investments that increased pollution or other negative environmental consequences could not be considered Justice40 programs. She also announced that the Committee would investigate peaker power plants that are polluting the communities that she and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez represent. On July 21, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Bush sent a letter to GAO requesting an evaluation of the Army Corps of Engineers' Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. Underfunding of the program has left discarded toxic hazards that threaten communities across the country, including in Coldwater Creek and schools in Rep. Bush's Missouri District. GAO accepted the request and began its engagement the following summer. On August 26, 2021, the Committee held a field roundtable at the Variety Boys and Girls Club in Astoria, Queens, titled ``Tackling Peak Pollution: Achieving Environmental Justice for Frontline Communities.'' At the roundtable and press conference that day, Chairwoman Maloney unveiled Committee environmental justice proposals to curb deadly pollution and direct federal resources to frontline communities, including setting a 100% renewable energy target for the federal government, supporting Rep. Ocasio-Cortez's Green New Deal for Public Housing to ensure public housing residents have a voice in addressing the environmental justices they face, and supporting Natural Resources Committee Chairman Grijalva's Environmental Justice for All Act (H.R. 2021) so that cumulative effects of multiple pollution sources are addressed. On August 26, 2021, immediately following the roundtable on peaker plant pollution, Chairwoman Maloney testified in Astoria at a New York Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) public meeting to oppose a permit for a new peaker plant. On October 27, 2021, DEC denied the permit, citing concerns about the total impact of many peaker plants in communities in the Bronx known as ``Asthma Alley'' for having worse air pollution and higher rates of asthma than the national average and other parts of New York City. DEC also cited the state's statutory obligation to invest in clean energy that does not pollute the community. On September 2, 2021, the Committee held a markup on The Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376) and voted to include Chairwoman Maloney's environmental justice priorities in the legislation. These priorities include funding to implement President Biden's Justice40 Initiative. On December 2, 2021, the Committee passed the Federal Agency Climate Planning, Resilience, and Enhanced Preparedness Act (H.R. 5477) to bolster the federal commitment to address climate change in every aspect of government operations, including by establishing an interagency council advised by environmental justice experts to identify how the federal government deploys resources to both prepare for and mitigate climate change in frontline communities. In a December 15, 2021, letter to GAO, the Committee called for robust oversight of Justice40, including assessing whether Justice40 delivers the promised 40 percent of benefits of federal investments to disadvantaged communities. GAO accepted the request for periodic public reports and regular briefings with findings and recommendations. Staff briefings began March 2022. In a December 21, 2021, letter to GAO, Reps. Clarke and Ocasio-Cortez joined Chairwoman Maloney to request that GAO examine the impact of peaker power plant pollution on frontline communities and equitable rapid replacement strategies. The letter highlighted that New York City has 89 peaker plants, including 28 in the vicinity of the Chairwoman's District, 49 in Rep. Clarke's home borough of Brooklyn, and 16 in Rep. Ocasio-Cortez's district. GAO accepted the request. Its engagement began in Summer 2022. On February 1, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney introduced the Justice in Power Plant Permitting Act (H.R. 6548), which would (a) combat air pollution from power plants as well as boilers and generators by denying permits if the combined impact of all pollution in the area, including the newly proposed plant, would harm the community, (b) establish a $10 billion Just Energy Transition Fund, and (c) ensure the federal government is a partner in reducing climate emissions and air pollution by transitioning to 100% air pollution-free renewable energy by 2030. On March 11, 2022, the Committee and the Committee on Natural Resources jointly held a series of environmental justice field events in New York City to create momentum for cumulative impacts legislation meant to deny permits based on the combined effect of all pollution in the area, and to draw attention to pollution from 89 peaker power plants in New York City, with a focus on those at and near the Ravenswood Generating Station. Programming included: A Justice40 Briefing at the Jacob A. Riis Neighborhood Settlement in Queensbridge Houses with environmental justice leaders and New York officials implementing the state's place-based environmental justice investment program, which inspired President Biden's Justice40 Initiative, at which Chairwoman Maloney called for the federal government to adopt New York's place-based investment model so benefits calculated under Justice40 would be tied to verifiable direct investments in environmental justice communities; A ``toxic tour'' of the Ravenswood Generating Station--the largest fossil fuel plant in the state, which is located next to Queensbridge Houses, the largest public housing development in the country--to urge the plant to convert to clean power while protecting all jobs; A community tour of Sunset Park, Brooklyn, led by the environmental justice group UPROSE, to learn about the neighborhood's success organizing around community-driven plans such as the largest cooperatively owned solar facility in the city and a wind energy manufacturing and transport hub in Sunset Park's deep-water harbor; and A press conference at Queensbridge Houses building the case for Congress and the state to advance cumulative impacts policies and strong Justice40 implementation. By April 27, 2022, both houses of the New York State Legislature passed S8830, an environmental justice bill addressing the cumulative impacts of pollution that the Environmental Justice for All Act and Justice in Power Plant Permitting Act would address federally. On July 12, 2022, Ravenswood Generating Station, after a year of Committee engagement, released a plan to become completely renewable. The plan calls for conversion to air pollution-free renewable energy, in line with Chairwoman Maloney's Justice in Power Plant Permitting Act. The plan also confirms that the remaining peaker plants will stop operating in 2023. On July 20, 2022, the Justice in Power Plant Permitting Act was successfully reported out of the Committee. The Act included both environmental justice provisions, as well as high-road labor standards for federal energy use such as prevailing wages and project labor agreements. On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (H.R. 5376) became law and funded Committee environmental justice priorities. The Act authorized $50 million for OMB and GAO to track the labor, equity, and environmental standards in the law and oversee the equitable distribution of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of the funds it authorizes. On September 6, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney, Rep. Khanna (Chair of the Subcommittee on Environment), Senator Markey, and Reps. Bush and Tlaib led 60 colleagues in a letter to the White House calling on the Administration to strengthen Justice40 commitments. The letter urged the Administration to establish a Climate Justice and Equity Office in OMB to centralize its responsibilities to oversee a whole-of-government approach to Justice40, to consider the 40 percent goal a floor and not a ceiling of direct investments, and to ensure programs ``do no harm'' by increasing either pollution or greenhouse gas emissions. On October 17, 2022, the Committee, jointly with the Committee on Homeland Security, sent a letter to Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves, launching a formal investigation into the distribution of federal funds for water system repairs in Jackson, Mississippi, given the backdrop of historic disinvestment in majority Black cities. On October 20, 2022, EPA announced it would investigate alleged discrimination by the Mississippi Department of Health and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. V. HOMELAND AND NATIONAL SECURITY Department of Homeland Security Inspector General. The Committee investigated allegations of misconduct by the DHS Inspector General Joseph V. Cuffari. In May 2022, the Committee sent a joint letter with the Committee on Homeland Security requesting documents and information relating to reported efforts by the Inspector General's office to delay or conceal findings of domestic abuse and sexual harassment by DHS employees. In July 2022, the Committee sent a joint letter with the Committee on Homeland Security to the Inspector General urging him to step away from the investigation into erased text messages related to the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol, and allow another Inspector General to take over after he failed to provide timely notification to Congress of the destruction of these communications. In August 2022, the Committees wrote to Inspector General Cuffari again, revealing new evidence that his office had abandoned efforts to collect these text messages for months, and had known about the problem far earlier than previously reported. The Committees followed up with an additional August 2022 letter demanding that the Inspector General's office comply with the requests for documents and transcribed interviews in the Committees' investigation into potential mismanagement and misconduct in the DHS OIG. Inspector General Cuffari has refused to comply with the Committees' requests. January 6. During the first session of the 117th Congress, the Committee investigated the deadly January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. These efforts included: On January 7, 2021, the Committee led several other Committees in sending a letter to the FBI requesting an immediate briefing on efforts to investigate the January 6 attack and hold perpetrators accountable. On January 14, the Commitee sent letters to 27 companies, including hotel, bus, and car rental companies, requesting assistance in preventing potential violence associated with Inauguration Day on January 20, 2021. On January 16, the Committee sent a letter to the Major Cities Chiefs Association raising concerns about participation by off-duty law enforcement officers in the Capitol assault and requesting information on steps to ensure chiefs of police address threats within their ranks. On January 16, the Committee joined several other committees in requesting documents and briefings from the FBI, DHS, NCTC, and ODNI related to threat information and intelligence leading up to the January 6 attack. On February 3, the Committee requested a bipartisan briefing from the Secret Service on how it is managing its protective security mission to defend the White House Complex, as well as the President, Vice President, former Presidents, former Vice Presidents, and their respective families. On March 25, 2021, the Committee led several House Committees in sending joint requests to 16 different departments and agencies across the Executive Branch, the Legislative Branch, and the District of Columbia. The Committee held two hearings to investigate the January 6 attack. In May 2021, the Committee held a hearing with former Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher Miller and former Acting Attorney General Jeffrey Rosen, which focused on the Trump Administration's preparations in advance of January 6 and response to the attacks. In June 2021, the Committee heard testimony from FBI Director Christopher A. Wray, U.S. Army Pacific Commanding General Charles A. Flynn, and U.S. Army Director of Army Staff Walter E. Piatt to address unanswered questions about the January 6 insurrection, including the Trump Administration's failure to anticipate, prepare for, and respond adequately to the attack. In July 2021, the Committee released key evidence of former President Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 election, including handwritten notes taken by then-Acting Deputy Attorney General Richard P. Donoghue of a December 27, 2020, phone call with former President Trump showing attempts by former President Trump to pressure the two most senior officials at DOJ to overturn the certified results of the 2020 election. VI. STRUCTURAL RACISM AND RACIAL EQUITY Health Equity. The Committee continued to focus on identifying and investigating systemic racial inequities in the nation's healthcare system. On May 6, 2021, the Committee held a hearing titled ``Birthing While Black: Examining America's Black Maternal Health Crisis,'' where the Committee examined the historical and ongoing racism plaguing the birthing experience of Black people. The hearing examined the root cause of the nation's Black maternal mortality crisis and evaluated the need for comprehensive reforms and investments at the federal level to ensure the health and prosperity of Black mothers and Black families across the United States. The same day, the Committee and leaders of the Black Maternal Health Caucus requested three new studies on the state of this health crisis from GAO. Specifically, the Committee asked GAO for the following three reports: (1) an examination of how the coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated America's Black maternal health crisis, and how federal and state efforts to support the country's recovery from the pandemic are impacting maternal health outcomes; (2) an analysis of the state of our country's perinatal workforce--including barriers to accessing care by midwives and the full spectrum of maternity care professionals; and (3) an evaluation of how America's Black maternal health crisis disproportionately harms people who are incarcerated. On October 19, 2022, the Committee and Black Maternal Health Caucus leaders released the first of these reports, which showed that COVID-19 contributed to one-quarter of maternal deaths during 2020 and 2021. On March 29, 2022, the Committee held a hearing to examine pathways to universal health care coverage, which explored the positive impacts of expanding access to healthcare on historically marginalized populations. Executive Order 13985. During the 117th Congress, the Committee oversaw the implementation of Executive Order 13985 (E.O. 13985), ``Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government.'' E.O. 13985 directed OMB and the White House Domestic Policy Council to work with federal agencies to identify and remove barriers to equal opportunity and programmatic benefits for people of color and other historically marginalized and underserved groups. The Executive Order directed OMB to work with agencies to identify the best methods for measuring barriers to equity and identify best practices for use of those methods across the federal government; to assist agencies with selecting high- priority, high-impact agency programs and policies to undergo racial equity assessments; and to identify opportunities to promote equity in the President's budget and study strategies for allocating resources to increase investment in underserved communities. On October 15, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney, along with Rep. Pressley, sent a letter to Acting Director of OMB Shalanda Young and Ambassador Susan Rice, Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, commending the Administration for the implementation of the Executive Order and emphasizing the need for robust data, assessment tools, and stakeholder engagement to ensure the success of the endeavor. Agency Action Plans, as outlined in E.O. 13985, were due in January of 2022. In April of 2022, the Committee released a statement with Rep. Pressley applauding a White House convening with all federal agencies to present historic Equity Action Plans. On December 16, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Pressley introduced two bills to ensure that the federal government continues to pursue the goals of E.O. 13985. The Federal Government Equity Improvement Act (H.R. 9609) would, among other things, establish (1) a long-term Equitable Data Working Group within the Chief Data Officer Council and (2) an Equity Subcommittee within the Performance Improvement Officer Council. This Working Group and Subcommittee would ensure agencies confer with each other to develop and implement best practices surrounding (1) the equitable collection and use of data and (2) equitable provision of federal services, respectively. The Equity in Agency Planning Act (H.R. 9610) would require, among other things, that at least 20% of agencies' performance goals relate to improving the equitable provision of services to underserved individuals and communities. Deteriorating Conditions on Rikers Island. In September 2021, the Committee, along with the Committee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and Committee Member Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, launched an investigation into deteriorating conditions at Rikers Island. On September 27, 2021, the Committee wrote to then-New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio and then-New York Department of Corrections Commissioner Vincent Schiraldi, requesting a briefing on the dangerous conditions facing staff and incarcerated individuals at the Rikers Island Correctional Facility. On October 4, 2021, the Committee attended a briefing conducted by then-Commissioner Schiraldi. The Commissioner reported on the history of Rikers and how the conditions at Rikers continued to worsen during the pandemic. The briefing laid out the issues of overcrowding, the court delays during the pandemic, and the plan to increase staffing. On November 22, 2021, the Committee, in conjunction with the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, wrote to the five New York City District Attorneys, requesting briefings on prosecutors' use of excessive bail in New York and their plans to reduce the jail population and improve the inhuman conditions at Rikers. On April 8, 2022, the Committee, in conjunction with the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, wrote to the newly elected New York City Mayor, Eric Adams, requesting an update on the plans to improve the conditions on Rikers Island. The Committee focused on the efforts to increase access to mental health treatment and consider alternatives to incarceration. On June 27, 2022, the Committee, in conjunction with the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, wrote to a newly established Rikers Island Interagency Task Force, requesting a briefing on how the task force is ensuring detained individuals receive the mental and physical health services they need. The task force was created in response to the deteriorating conditions at Rikers, and the Committee is interested in an update on how the task force plans to tackle these issues. On October 21, 2022, the Committee, in conjunction with the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, organized a bipartisan briefing with the Rikers Island Interagency Task Force. During this briefing, the Committee received information about the agencies within the task force, the various efforts they are undertaking to improve the deteriorating conditions at Rikers Island, and the action plan to remedy these issues. VII. GENDER EQUITY LGBTQI+ Equity. On April 1, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney joined other representatives in reintroducing a resolution that urges nondiscriminatory and equitable blood and blood product donation policies in the United States. On January 13, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney wrote to Acting Commissioner Janet Woodcock to urge FDA to reassess its blood donation policy, which has the discriminatory effect of preventing gay and bisexual men from safely donating blood. On December 14, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney held a hearing examining the rise of anti-LGBTQI+ extremism and violence in the United States. The hearing featured testimony from survivors of the Colorado Springs Club Q and Orlando Pulse nightclub mass shootings. Pay Equity. On January 28, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney and other democratic leaders introduced the Comprehensive Paid Leave for Federal Employees Act (H.R. 564). The bill would grant all federal employees 12 weeks of unpaid leave relating to personal illness, illness of a family member, or military deployment. Federal workers currently receive 12 weeks of unpaid leave over 12 months. Giving all workers paid leave would help ensure that caretaking responsibilities do not hinder career responsibilities for anyone. On June 24, 2021, the Committee held a hearing on the potential impact of the Comprehensive Paid Leave for Federal Employees Act. The hearing examined how the proposal would strengthen the federal workforce and create a national standard for paid leave. On July 20, 2021, the Committee reported the bill favorably. On March 24, 2021, in honor of Equal Pay Day, the Committee held a hearing to examine the economic harm cause by gender and racial inequalities in pay. On June 4, 2021, the Chairwoman hosted a roundtable in recognition of Moms' Equal Pay Day. The roundtable addressed the negative impact of the gender pay gap on women's economic security, especially for women of color. It also explored ways that Congress can work with the Biden administration to create a family-friendly economy. On July 21, 2021, Chairs Carolyn B. Maloney and Rosa DeLauro, along with Rep. Doris Matsui, introduced a resolution urging the U.S. women's national soccer team to pay its players the same amount as their male counterparts (H. Res. 546). Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). On October 21, 2021, the Committee held a hearing to mark the 50th anniversary of Congress passing the ERA. The hearing examined the final steps needed to certify and publish the ERA as the 28th Amendment to the Constitution. Although the amendment had recently met the constitutional requirements for ratification and certification, a Trump Administration legal opinion advised the Archivist of the United States not to certify the ERA. On March 8, 2022, the Chairwoman wrote to both Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell to urge the Senate to affirm the ERA as the 28th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and schedule a vote on the Senate floor for S.J. Res. 1, which would eliminate the time limit for ratifying the ERA that is in the Amendment's preamble. On March 22, 2022, the Chairwoman wrote to Archivist of the United States David Ferriero to share new legal analyses from leading constitutional experts Laurence Tribe and former Senator Russ Feingold, and to urge immediate certification and publication of the ERA as the 28th Amendment. Both analyses found that the ERA is currently a valid part of the United States Constitution, and the Archivist was within his authority to immediately certify and publish the ERA as the 28th Amendment to the Constitution. Menstrual Equity. On August 8, 2022, the Chairwoman wrote to Comptroller General Dodaro and GAO to request a review of menstrual products' accessibility and availability in the United States. This review would inform future legislative efforts to advance health and economic equity for people with menstrual cycles in the United States. Gender Equity in Student Athletics. On July 7, 2021, following viral tweets showing the disparity between the facilities provided to the men's and women's teams participating in their respective March Madness tournaments, the Chairwoman joined other representatives in sending a letter to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) requesting information about the organization's disparate treatment of athletes participating in men's and women's sporting events. In August 2021, after an internal report from the NCAA revealed glaring gender inequities, the Committee requested a briefing from the organization and information about prior gender equity assessments. Members also asked for documents relating to budgets and operations, media contracts, and promotional efforts for that year's tournaments. The Committee urged the NCAA to take action to address the disparities identified in the report. On March 14, 2022, the Chairwoman joined other representatives in writing to NCAA President Mark Emmert regarding the NCAA's inadequate progress in addressing historically disparate treatment of men and women student athletes. The letter detailed the NCAA's failure to take meaningful steps to correct deficiencies identified by the Committee and an outside review. In conjunction with this letter, the Committee released internal NCAA documents illustrating NCAA's response to the gender inequities that came to light during the 2021 tournament. National Football League (NFL). On October 21, 2021, the Committee sent a letter to the NFL, launching an investigation into allegations of a decades-long toxic workplace culture at the Washington Commanders as well as the NFL's handling of an internal investigation into the matter. The purpose of the investigation was to understand how the NFL, with one of the most prominent platforms in America, handles allegations of widespread abuse in the workplace to help inform legislative efforts to address toxic work environments and workplace investigation processes; strengthen protections for women in the workplace; and address the use of nondisclosure agreements to prevent the disclosure of unlawful employment practices, including sexual harassment. During the investigation, the Committee requested documents and information from the NFL and conducted five depositions and two transcribed interviews with former Commanders employees. The Committee also held a roundtable on February 3, 2022, and a hearing on June 22, 2022. At the February 3, 2022, roundtable, the Committee heard from six former Commanders employees regarding the workplace misconduct they experienced while employed by the Commanders, and efforts by Dan Snyder, the owner of the franchise, to intimidate or silence them after they spoke out against him. At the June 22, 2022, hearing, the Committee heard from NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell regarding the League's handling of its investigation into the Commanders as well as the use of nondisclosure agreements and other tactics in the League to conceal workplace misconduct. On April 12, 2022, the Committee sent a referral letter to the Federal Trade Commission detailing credible allegations of Mr. Snyder's financial malfeasance. On June 22, 2022, the Committee released a supplemental memorandum detailing efforts by Mr. Snyder to target former employees and journalists who spoke out against him during the NFL's internal investigation, conduct his own ``shadow investigation'' into his accusers, and present his findings to the NFL to deflect blame. On December 8, 2022, the Committee issued a staff report summarizing the findings of its year-long investigation. The Committee's report revealed decades-long misconduct by the owner of the Commanders and the extent to which the NFL mishandled its internal investigation into the team by entering into a secret common interest agreement with the Commanders and failing to make public the findings of the internal investigation. On June 17, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney introduced H.R. 8146, the Accountability for Workplace Misconduct Act, to prevent employers' abuse of non-disclosure agreements that prevent workers from speaking out about workplace misconduct. She also introduced H.R. 8145, the Professional Images Protection Act, to stop employers from taking, using, and disseminating images of employees without their consent. VIII. VOTING RIGHTS Cyber Ninjas. On July 14, 2021, the Committee, in collaboration with the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, launched an investigation of the partisan and sham post-election ``audit'' of the 2020 election results in Maricopa County, Arizona. The Arizona State Senate launched the ``audit'' in April 2021 despite a clear, bipartisan consensus among county officials and outside experts that the election results were valid, that no significant fraud occurred, and that the additional audit served no legitimate purpose. The Arizona State Senate hired a group of unaccredited private companies, led by Cyber Ninjas, a Florida-based cybersecurity company that is not accredited by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission to test voting systems, to perform an additional audit. On July 14, 2021, the Committee and the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties sent a letter to Cyber Ninjas CEO Doug Logan, detailing questions and concerns about Cyber Ninjas' role in the highly unusual audit. The letter requested nine categories of documents related to Cyber Ninjas' audit procedures, funding sources, communications regarding the audit with outside parties that may have exerted improper influence on the company, and related issues. On October 8, 2021, the Committee held a hearing titled ``Assessing the Election `Audit' in Arizona and Threats to American Democracy.'' The hearing examined how, despite failing to find any fraud, Cyber Ninjas' audit has already inflicted grave damage to our democracy. Two elected Republican officials from Maricopa County, Arizona, along with election law experts, spoke about the dangers of this partisan audit and how it has threatened the integrity of Arizona's elections, inspired similar hyper-partisan audits in other states, and been used to justify dangerous state election subversion laws. Echomail. In March 2022, the Committee, in collaboration with the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, launched an investigation of a partisan post-election ``audit'' of the 2020 election results in Otero County, New Mexico. The ``audit'' was inspired by unproven conspiracy theories about fraud during the 2020 election. On March 16, 2022, the Committee wrote to the CEO of Echomail, a company leading the audit effort, and sought documents and information relating to EchoMail's involvement in an ``audit'' and door-to-door voter canvass of the 2020 federal election in Otero County, New Mexico, including EchoMail's connection to the conspiracist group New Mexico Audit Force (NMAF) that conducted the canvass. On the same day, the Committee also sent a letter to Assistant Attorney General Kristen M. Clarke of the Civil Rights Division at DOJ calling on DOJ to review potential ongoing civil rights violations arising from the canvass, including the risk of intimidation of minority voters, and to take any necessary steps to prevent further violations of federal law. On March 30, 2022, the Committee released new documents obtained by the Committee that contradicted Echomail's claims that it was not conducting any canvass or audit in Otero County. On May 5, 2022, Echomail cancelled its audit contract with Otero County. However, inspired by the same conspiracy theories that drove the ``audit,'' the Otero County Commission refused to certify the results of their June 2022 primary election. Only after the State Supreme Court ordered them to do so did the Commission certify the election results. Election Administration and Misinformation. On April 21, 2022, the Committee, in collaboration with the House Administration Committee, sent letters to state organizations of election officials in Arizona, Florida, Ohio, and Texas-- states where election misinformation appeared to be having a significant impact--requesting information about the effects of misinformation and disinformation on their ability to administer elections. The Committees also sought information on how federal agencies could best assist local election officials in combatting lies about election processes and results. The investigation uncovered that coordinated campaigns of election disinformation are disrupting the crucial work of local election officials, subjecting these Americans to violent threats, and overwhelming the limited resources available to provide accurate information to voters and protect the integrity of our democratic system. On August 11, 2022, the Committee released a report detailing the findings from the election officials' responses and the earlier investigations into fraudulent audits. The report detailed threats faced by local election officials and indicated that strong federal leadership is needed to support the state and local officials responsible for running our elections, including the creation of a federal whole-of- government plan to support state and local officials as they counter election rumors and lies. On the same day, the Committee held a virtual roundtable with state officials and election experts to examine the effects of the unprecedented increase in election lies following the 2020 presidential election. The bipartisan panel discussed how lies about the 2020 election promoted by former President Donald Trump and his supporters have undermined public confidence in our elections and driven an unprecedented wave of threats against election officials. On October 26, 2022, the Committee held a staff briefing titled ``Voting Rights and Ongoing Threats to Election Integrity.'' The briefing featured a panel of election experts including Amber McReynolds, a member of the United States Postal Service Board of Governors and Chair of its Election Mail Committee; Natalie Adona, Assistant Clerk-Recorder for Nevada County, CA; and Matt Crane, Executive Director of the Colorado County Clerks Association. Staff engaged the panelists in a discussion about insider threats to elections offices, harassment and intimidation of election officials, and the various security measures applicable to both in-person and mail-in voting. Chairwoman Maloney also attended. IX. IMMIGRATION Customs and Border Protection (CBP). In July 2019, the Committee began investigating racist, sexist, and xenophobic comments relating to immigrants and Members of Congress made by employees of CBP in secret Facebook groups. Despite unprecedented obstruction and stonewalling by CBP, the Committee has received final disposition documents in 110 cases. In November 2020, the Committee issued a subpoena to CBP for complete and unredacted copies of all documents related to these internal investigations. In October 2022, the Committee released a report showing that most CBP agents who committed misconduct by posting offensive comments on a secret Facebook page had their discipline significantly reduced and continue to work with migrants. The report also made recommendations to improve CBP's policies, training, and disciplinary process to address these issues. Critical Incident Teams. In January 2022, the Committee, along with the Committee on Homeland Security, launched an investigation into potential misconduct carried out by specialized teams within CBP. On January 24, 2022, the Committees wrote to CBP, seeking documents and information related to Critical Incident Teams--specialized units within CBP tasked with investigating and collecting evidence of allegations of excessive and deadly use of force by Border Patrol agents. On the same day, the Committee, along with four other House and Senate committees, wrote to GAO, requesting it conduct a review of CBP's use of Critical Incident Teams along the southwest border. On May 6, 2022, DHS announced that it was disbanding the Critical Incident Teams. Following the announcement, the Oversight and Homeland Security Committees wrote to DHS and requested a briefing on the plan and process for disbanding these teams. On September 28, 2022, CBP briefed staff of the two Committees on the Department's progress in disbanding the Critical Incident Teams and moving the function into DHS's Office of Professional Responsibility. Irwin County Detention Center. The Committee continued the work began in the 116th Congress regarding allegations of medical neglect, unsanitary conditions, and abuse at the Irwin County Detention Center (ICDC) in Georgia. On September 21, 2020, the Committee, along with the Committee on Homeland Security and the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, sent joint requests for records to ICE and LaSalle Corrections--the private contractor that ran the detention center--to assess the allegations. After LaSalle refused to produce these documents voluntarily, the Committee on Homeland Security issued a subpoena to compel production. LaSalle eventually produced records to the Committees. In May 2021, ICDC was shut down by DHS. On December 6, 2021, the Committees wrote to DHS regarding health and safety standards at DHS detention facilities and requested a briefing on any internal review or referrals DHS had made related to Dr. Mahendra Amin, who allegedly provided unwanted medical treatment to female detainees at ICDC. The Committees also asked to be briefed on the steps DHS was taking to ensure that migrants receive appropriate medical care while in DHS custody. On December 3, 2021, the Committee also wrote to the Georgia Composite Medical Board regarding the allegations against Dr. Amin, referring the matter for investigation. X. GUN VIOLENCE Gun Trafficking and Crime Gun Tracing. In the 116th Congress, the Committee launched an investigation into Federal Firearm Licensees (FFLS)--also known as gun dealers--that sell guns used in crimes. In the 117th Congress, the Committee continued working to identify the most problematic FFLs in each state and dealers who sold the most guns later used in crimes. On April 28, 2022, the Committee released preliminary findings from its investigation, showing that a small number of gun dealers--particularly those in states with lax gun laws-- have sold thousands of guns used in violent crimes. The Committee's findings, and the limitations of the data that the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms has thus far released, highlight the urgent need for more comprehensive and transparent data on gun sales. Gun Violence and Gun Safety Reform. In the 117th Congress, the Committee has examined the root cause and devastating harm of the gun violence epidemic and the need to pass commonsense, popular gun safety legislation to curb gun violence. On May 27, 2022, in the wake of devastating mass shootings in Buffalo, New York, and Uvalde, Texas, both carried out with AR-15-style rifles, the Committee sent letters to five leading manufacturers of AR-15-style rifles for information related to the manufacture, marketing, and sales of their weapons, to understand how these guns are fueling the gun violence epidemic, and to inform gun safety legislation to protect Americans. On June 8, 2022, the Committee held a hearing titled ``The Urgent Need to Address the Gun Violence Epidemic'' with survivors and impacted family members from the mass shootings in Uvalde, Texas, and Buffalo, New York, as well as law enforcement officials and gun violence experts. The hearing examined the gun violence epidemic in the United States and explored commonsense reforms to prevent further loss of life from firearms. On July 27, 2022, the Committee held a hearing titled ``Examining the Practices and Profits of Gun Manufacturers'' with chief executives of prominent firearms manufacturers Daniel Defense and Sturm, Ruger, as well as gun safety experts and advocates. The hearing examined the responsibility that the firearm industry bears in the gun violence epidemic in the United States and the steps Congress can take to hold manufacturers accountable. The CEO of Smith & Wesson was also invited to attend the hearing but declined to appear despite a Smith & Wesson assault weapon being used in the Highland Park, Illinois, shooting only weeks earlier. On the same day, the Committee issued a supplemental memorandum on the Committee's investigation into gun industry practices and profits. The memorandum demonstrated that, based on information obtained by the Committee, the five leading gun companies investigated by the Committee collected more than $1 billion over the last decade from the sale of military-style assault weapons to civilians, especially as gun violence and mass shootings surged across the United States. The Committee also found that the companies use disturbing sales tactics-- including marketing deadly weapons as a way for young men to prove their masculinity and selling guns to mass shooters on credit--while failing to take basic steps to monitor or mitigate the violence their products unleash. On August 2, 2022, the Committee issued a subpoena to Smith & Wesson, demanding documents related to the company's manufacture and sale of AR-15-style assault weapons, including the company's internal communications around recent mass shootings. The subpoena followed the Smith & Wesson CEO's refusal to testify at the Committee's July 27, 2022, hearing and the company's failure to voluntarily produce key information about the company's sale of weapons of war. On August 19, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney, informed by the Committee's investigation, introduced legislation that seeks to hold the firearm industry accountable for its dangerous business practices and role in fueling America's gun violence epidemic. H.R. 8740, the Firearm Industry Crime and Trafficking Accountability Act, would require firearm manufacturers to create a monitoring system to track crimes committed with guns they have sold. The bill would also mandate that those manufacturers cease distributing weapons to a retailer when the manufacturer has reason to believe that the guns sold by that retailer are being trafficked or used for criminal purposes. H.R. 8741, the Firearm Industry Fairness Act, would impose a 20% tax on the total revenue of gun manufacturers who choose to produce assault weapons and high-capacity magazines. Funds from this tax would be used to fund programs designed to prevent gun violence and support victims of gun violence. Health Care Costs of Gun Violence. On July 14, 2021, the Chairwoman, Rep. Robin Kelly, and Rep. Cori Bush released a GAO report that showed gun violence costs the U.S. health care system more than $1 billion a year. XI. CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY McKinsey Conflicts of Interest. On November 5, 2021, the Committee launched an investigation into McKinsey's business practices and conflicts of interest. The Committee's investigation found significant, decade-long conflicts of interest stemming from McKinsey's simultaneous work for opioid manufacturers and the federal government. Documents obtained by the Committee showed that Purdue Pharma explicitly tasked McKinsey with providing advice on how to influence the regulatory decisions of FDA, another McKinsey client. At least 22 McKinsey consultants, including senior partners, worked for both FDA and opioid manufacturers on related topics, including at the same time. The Committee's investigation also uncovered significant evidence that McKinsey sought to use its government connections to solicit private sector business. In other cases, McKinsey consultants sought to influence government officials, including Trump Administration HHS Secretary Alex Azar, to advance the interests of its undisclosed private sector opioid clients. Despite these conflicts of interest, McKinsey failed to disclose its opioid manufacturer clients and the work it performed for them to FDA in apparent violation of federal law. On April 13, 2022, the Committee released a 53-page staff report detailing the extent of McKinsey's conflicts of interests. Two weeks later, on April 27, 2022, the Committee held a hearing with McKinsey Global Managing Partner Bob Sternfels, Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey, Professor Jessica Tillipman of the George Washington University Law School, and Uttam Dhillon of Michael Best & Friedrich, examining both these conflicts and McKinsey's unethical business practices on behalf of opioid manufacturers. Since then, Chairwoman Maloney has sponsored two bills, H.R. 7602 and H.R. 8325, to prevent conflicts of interest in federal contracts and ensure government contractors serve the American taxpayers, and not their own financial interests. Inclined Baby Sleepers. In the 117th Congress, the Committee continued the investigation it began in 2019 on inclined sleepers linked to dozens of infant deaths and injuries. In August 2019, the full Committee and the Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy requested documents from three companies responsible for recalled inclined sleepers. On June 7, 2021, the Committee held a hearing titled ``Sleeping Danger: The Rock 'n Play and Failures in Infant Product Safety.'' The hearing included testimony from the CEO of Mattel and the General Manager of Fisher Price, a subsidiary of Mattel. The hearing examined dozens of infant deaths associated with the Rock 'n Play Sleeper sold by Fisher-Price and flaws in the U.S. consumer product safety system. On the same day, the Committee released a report titled ``Infant Deaths in Inclined Sleepers: Fisher-Price's Rock 'n Play Reveals Dangerous Flaws in U.S. Product Safety.'' The report highlighted the Committee's investigation and the lack of federal oversight that resulted in dozens of infant deaths in inclined sleepers. On May 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2021 (SSBA) (H.R. 3182), requiring that ``inclined sleepers for infants, regardless of the date of manufacture, shall be considered a banned hazardous product'' under the Consumer Product Safety Act. On September 1, 2022, the Committee, in collaboration with the Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy, wrote to the Chairman of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). The Committee requested information about CPSC's plans to protect babies from all harmful inclined products. XII. EXECUTIVE BRANCH ETHICS, TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND PROCUREMENT Hatch Act. In September 2020, the Committee called for the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) to investigate potential violations of the Hatch Act by the Trump Administration during the Republican National Convention. In response to the Committee's request, OSC released findings that at least 13 senior Trump Administration officials broke the law and engaged in a pattern of violating the Hatch Act, which is intended to protect the government from political interference. Federal Records and Transparency. The Committee investigated a substantial backlog of veterans' records requests at the National Personnel Records Center (NPRC), which is part of NARA. The backlog at NPRC increased due to the coronavirus pandemic and a reduced onsite workforce. Veterans request their records to access crucial services, including healthcare and housing. The Committee worked in conjunction with NARA to reduce this backlog, including by introducing the Access for Veterans to Records Act. In May 2021, the Committee and the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs sent a joint letter to DOD asking DOD to prioritize NARA's request for assistance in organizing and digitizing files at the NPRC. In June 2021, the Committee held a bipartisan briefing on the backlog of veterans' records requests and possible legislative solutions to address challenges faced by NPRC. In July 2021, the Committee wrote to NARA urging it to apply for funding through the TMF to help clear the backlog of veterans' records requests by improving its information technology systems. In May 2022, NARA was awarded $9.1 million in TMF funding. In July 2022, the Committee requested documents and information from three veterans' records retrieval companies to investigate whether these companies were misusing NPRC emergency procedures to expedite requests while charging veterans to obtain government records they are entitled to receive at no cost. This was part of the Committee's long- standing advocacy on behalf of veterans suffering from the NPRC records request backlog. Presidential Records and Transparency. The Committee investigated the PRA violations committed by former President Trump and White House officials. These violations included the destruction of presidential records, removal of records from the White House after the Trump Administration ended, and the use of personal electronic devices and accounts to create presidential records that were not preserved. The Committee sent two letters to NARA in February 2022 requesting information about the contents of boxes that NARA retrieved from former President Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate and inquiring about former President Trump's compliance with the PRA. In August 2022, the Committee requested a damage assessment from the DNI after the FBI recovered classified information from the former President's Mar-a-Lago estate. The Committee also wrote to the Acting Archivist in September 2022 urging NARA to assess missing presidential records and to seek certification from former President Trump that he had surrendered all presidential or classified records. NARA confirmed in its response to the Committee that some Presidential records still remain unaccounted for. On November 7, 2022, the Committee introduced H.R. 9278, the Presidential Records Certification Act of 2022, which would require the President, Vice President, and covered White House employees to individually certify compliance with the PRA annually and upon leaving office. On December 13, 2022, the Committee sent another letter to the Acting Archivist urging NARA to conduct a review to determine if former President Trump had retained any additional presidential records at his storage facility in Florida or his other properties. Foreign Gifts. After the State Department revealed in April 2022 that it could not fully account for the foreign gifts Trump Administration officials received during the final year of the Trump Administration, the Committee opened an investigation into former President Trump's failure to account for gifts from foreign government officials while in office, as required by the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act. The Committee received thousands of pages of records from NARA and GSA on gifts received by former President Trump and the First Family. Presidential Libraries. The Committee evaluated a proposal by NARA to privatize portions of the George W. Bush Presidential Library by reverting ownership and control of the Bush Presidential Museum and education spaces from NARA to the Bush Foundation. The Committee met with the historical community and facilitated multiple meetings between Committee staff, the Bush Foundation, and NARA to discuss the NARA proposal and how the library would remain historically objective if parts of it were controlled by the Bush Foundation. The Bush Foundation and NARA developed a revised proposal that committed to (1) including NARA and historians in decisions about changes to the permanent exhibit gallery and (2) incorporating signage in the museum that indicates which spaces are overseen by NARA versus the Bush Foundation. Federal Advisory Committee Act. The Committee, along with the Committee on Veterans Affairs, investigated whether three Mar-a-Lago members and associates of former President Trump who reportedly advised the President on veterans' issues--Isaac Perlmutter, Dr. Bruce Moskowitz, and Marc Sherman--constituted an advisory committee under the Federal Advisory Committee Act. The Committee reviewed thousands of documents from these three individuals and found that the ``Mar-a-Lago Trio'' violated the Federal Advisory Committee Act and attempted to exert improper influence over government employees and policies involving the Department of Veterans Affairs. Sole-Source Contractor's Profiteering. In December 2021, in response to a report by DODIG, the Committee launched a new phase of an investigation into whether TransDigm Group Incorporated (TransDigm) and its subsidiaries abused their position as a sole-source manufacturer of spare parts to charge DOD exorbitant prices for essential components of military aircraft. The investigation built off the Committee's previous investigation into TransDigm's business practices in the 116th Congress. On January 19, 2022, the Committee held a hearing with witnesses including Kevin Stein, TransDigm's CEO; Nicholas Howley, TransDigm's founder and Chairman of the Board; John Tenaglia, the Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Principal Director, Defense Pricing and Contracting; and Theresa S. Hull, Deputy Inspector General of DODIG. On April 14, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney wrote a letter with Senator Charles E. Grassley to TransDigm renewing the Committee's call for the company to return excess profits to the government and requesting additional documentation related to TransDigm's government contracts. The Committee also held a series of meetings with DOD to better understand its acquisition and pricing practices for sole-source contracts like TransDigm's. On June 21, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney introduced the Fair Pricing with Cost Transparency Act (H.R. 8161) to address flaws in DOD's pricing of sole-source contracts uncovered in the investigation. XIII. PRESIDENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND EMOLUMENTS Mazars Subpoena. At the beginning of the 116th Congress, the Oversight Committee launched several investigations of former President Trump's unprecedented conflicts of interest, inadequate financial disclosures, and violations of the Emoluments Clause to determine the adequacy of existing laws and perform related agency oversight. Documents produced to the Committee raised questions about former President Trump's representations on his financial statements and other forms, including some prepared by his accounting firm Mazars USA LLP. The Committee sought key financial documents from Mazars, ultimately subpoenaing the firm. Former President Trump and his businesses filed a lawsuit seeking to prevent Mazars from complying with the Committee's subpoena. On July 9, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP. The Court's opinion reaffirmed the principle that no one-- not even the President--is above the law and announced a new standard for evaluating congressional subpoenas for the President's personal information. The Supreme Court remanded the case to the lower courts to apply the new standard. On August 11, 2021, a district court ruling confirmed that the Oversight Committee had ``facially valid legislative purposes'' in seeking documents in this investigation and upheld in part the Committee's subpoena for financial information from President Trump and his businesses. On July 8, 2022, the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit ruled that the Committee is authorized to obtain certain financial records and communications from former President Trump and his business entities covered by the Committee's subpoena. The Court held that former ``President Trump's financial information would advance the Committee's consideration of ethics reform legislation across all three of its investigative tracks,'' including presidential ethics and conflicts of interest, presidential financial disclosures, and presidential adherence to Constitutional safeguards against foreign interference and undue influence. On September 1, 2022, the Committee reached an agreement to settle the litigation. Under the agreement reached by the Committee, former President Trump has agreed not to further appeal the D.C. Circuit's ruling, and Mazars USA has agreed to comply with the court's order and produce responsive documents to the Committee as expeditiously as possible. On November 14, 2022, the Committee released new documents obtained from Mazars that revealed foreign governments-- including the governments of Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), Turkey, and the People's Republic of China--spent more money than previously known at the Trump Hotel in Washington, D.C., and did so at sensitive times for those countries' relations with the United States. The Committee requested presidential records from NARA to determine whether former President Trump distorted U.S. foreign policy to serve his own financial interests at the expense of the American people and in violation of his oath of office. Old Post Office Building Lease and Trump Hotel. For the past six years, the Committee has been investigating conflicts of interest related to GSA's management of the hotel's lease. Under the Trump Administration, GSA failed to substantially comply with the Committee's requests. On July 9, 2021, GSA finally produced requested documents. On October 8, 2021, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Connolly, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Government Operations, sent a letter to GSA detailing new concerns about former President Trump's lease for the Trump Hotel in Washington, D.C., after documents released by the Committee showed that he failed to disclose at least $70 million in net losses, concealed debts when bidding on the Old Post Office Building lease, and received over $3.7 million in revenue from foreign governments. On February 17, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Connolly, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Government Operations, sent a letter to GSA urging the agency to consider terminating the Old Post Office Building lease held by President Trump and the Trump Organization after Mazars USA LLP--the longtime auditor for the Trump Hotel--announced that it severed ties with the Trump Organization and admitted that ten years' worth of financial statements prepared for former President Trump were unreliable. These revelations further corroborated the Committee's finding that the financial information former President Trump provided to GSA to secure the Old Post Office Building lease appeared incomplete and misleading and contained possible material misrepresentations. On May 6, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Rep. Connolly, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Government Operations, sent a letter to CGI Merchant Group requesting information related to the planned sale of the Trump Hotel. Although the Trump Organization reported losing tens of millions of dollars since the hotel opened in 2016, the sale price represented a significant premium over market rates, according to some experts, and reportedly stood as the most expensive hotel transaction ever in Washington, D.C., on a per-room basis. The Committee has not yet obtained the identities of all investors funding this acquisition. The deal reportedly yielded the Trump Organization a profit of $100 million, of which approximately three quarters would flow to the former President. Other Conflicts. The Committee also investigated Secret Service spending at Trump-owned properties during former President Trump's presidency. Despite repeated claims that the former President would use his businesses to save the federal government money, including representations from Eric Trump that government employees traveling with former President Trump ``stay at our properties for free,'' documents obtained by the Committee show that the Secret Service was charged rates in excess of the government rate at least 40 times from January 20, 2017, to September 15, 2021. Records obtained by the Committee show more than $1.4 million in Secret Service spending at Trump-owned properties in the United States, but this data does not appear to be complete. On October 17, 2022, the Committee sent a letter to the Secret Service requesting a full accounting of the Secret Service's expenditures at Trump Organization properties. The Committee also launched a bicameral investigation with the Senate Committee on Finance into whether senior Trump Administration officials traded on their government positions for financial benefits from Middle Eastern governments. On October 27, 2022, the Committee requested documents from the Department of the Treasury concerning former Secretary Steven T. Mnuchin's investment fund, Liberty, and whether post- government investments from Middle Eastern sovereign wealth funds influenced his actions while in office. On December 6, 2022, the Committee sent letters to the Departments of State and Defense concerning Jared Kushner's conflicts of interest relating to the 2017 Qatar blockade through his family's real estate interests. The letters released new documents relating to the Kushner family's business interests and requested documents concerning Mr. Kushner's potential improper influence on foreign policy. B. Subcommittee on National Security I. U.S. COUNTERTERRORISM OPERATIONS AGAINST AL QAEDA, THE ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA (ISIS), AND AFFILIATED TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS At the beginning of the 117th Congress and the start of President Biden's term, the Biden Administration inherited an agreement that the prior Administration had reached with the Taliban, which established a May 1, 2021, deadline for the withdrawal of all U.S. military forces from Afghanistan. On February 19, 2021, the National Security Subcommittee held a hearing with the Afghanistan Study Group to examine their findings and recommendations. On March 16, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing with Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) John F. Sopko, who testified about his 2021 ``High-Risk List.'' On May 20, 2021, after President Biden announced that the U.S. would withdraw from Afghanistan by September 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing with Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation Zalmay Khalilzad to examine the implications of the withdrawal on U.S. national security and future engagement in Afghanistan. Following the withdrawal, on August 31, 2021, the Committee on Oversight and Reform held a remote briefing with SIGAR Sopko, and on September 22, 2021, the Committee received a classified briefing from the Departments of State, DOD, and Homeland Security, as well as the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. On December 7, 2021, the Subcommittee on National Security held a hearing with representatives from DOD and the Department of State to examine the worldwide threat posed by al Qaeda, ISIS, and other foreign terrorist organizations. The hearing was followed by a classified briefing from representatives of the Department of State, DOD, and the National Counterterrorism Center. II. MILITARY READINESS The Subcommittee on National Security continued its oversight work in the 117th Congress to help ensure the health, safety, and well-being of U.S. servicemembers, veterans, and their families. On November 17, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing to examine how DOD, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and community organizations are working to strengthen mental health and curb the alarming rate of suicides among our nation's military servicemembers and veterans. On July 13, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing to examine why fraudsters and scammers disproportionately target servicemembers and veterans compared to their civilian counterparts, and whether additional actions are needed to protect the military community from exploitation. III. CYBER THREATS TO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE On July 27, 2021, the Subcommittee on National Security held a hearing to examine U.S. government efforts to secure the nation's electrical grid from cyber attacks, as well as whether additional regulations and public-private partnerships are needed to address vulnerabilities in U.S. electrical systems. C. Subcommittee on Government Operations I. FEDERAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CYBERSECURITY POLICY Federal Information Technology (IT) Acquisition Reform Act. The Subcommittee held five hearings on FITARA on April 16, 2021; July 28, 2021; January 20, 2022; July 28, 2022; and December 15, 2022. These hearings examined the implementation of FITARA through the FITARA Scorecard, which the Subcommittee uses to grade agencies based on their performance on FITARA- related activities. The Scorecard is a tool for Congress, CIOs, agency heads, and outside stakeholders to understand how federal agencies perform in various IT-related categories and for Congress to hold agencies accountable. FITARA oversight has saved taxpayers $30 billion over roughly seven years. The Subcommittee's FITARA hearings during the 117th Congress focused on: (1) how federal agencies have developed and improved their information technology security and management since FITARA's December 2014 enactment; (2) implementation of new metrics to ensure the Scorecard evolves with technology changes and agency improvements; and (3) consideration of additional new metrics for the Scorecard. Technology Modernization Fund. In 2017, Congress enacted the Modernizing Government Technology (MGT) Act, authorizing the TMF. The MGT Act tasked the TMF with using data-driven methods to provide agencies with funding to upgrade inefficient ``legacy information technology systems.'' The goal is to provide agencies with funding that can be spent over multiple years to incentivize investments in more modern, nimble IT systems, therefore enabling quicker, more secure, and more efficient service delivery to the American public. These investments, if properly planned for and scoped, can help agencies better execute their missions and serve stakeholders. Since its inception, Congress has provided the TMF a total of $1.175 billion, including an unprecedented $1 billion Chairman Connolly helped secure in the American Rescue Plan. On May 25, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Technology Modernization Fund: Rewriting Our IT Legacy.'' This hearing highlighted the TMF's success in providing the funding agencies need to replace outdated and unsupported IT systems. It also explored how the Subcommittee can continue to support the effective implementation of the TMF and the most effective use of the $1 billion investment. Additional IT Work. On June 30, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Catalyst for Change: State and Local IT After the Pandemic,'' which focused on how the pandemic exposed gaps in state and local government IT functionality. This hearing addressed topics including (1) difficulty accessing unemployment insurance and other benefits and (2) ransomware attacks on state and local governments. The hearing also focused on potential bipartisan solutions to state and local IT concerns. On September 16, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Project Federal Information Technology: Make IT Work.'' At this hearing, Federal CIO Clare Martorana offered her vision on (1) scaling IT modernization across the federal enterprise and (2) how the Administration will work with Congress to adopt new cybersecurity oversight metrics that further ensure agencies will employ best cyber practices. Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP). Chairman Connolly introduced the FedRAMP Authorization Act (H.R. 21) on January 4, 2021, and the House passed this legislation the next day. FedRAMP provides a standardized approach for security assessments of cloud technology and aims to accelerate the adoption of modern and secure cloud solutions across the federal government. The House included FedRAMP in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 and Fiscal Year 2023. On September 29, 2022, the House again passed an updated version of FedRAMP on a suspension vote. This version of the bill included consensus language negotiated with the Administration and the Senate. An identical version of this language passed the Senate as part of S. 3600, the Strengthening American Cybersecurity Act of 2022. The Subcommittee's September 16, 2022, hearing, ``Project Federal Information Technology: Make IT Work,'' also highlighted these FedRAMP successes. Congress enacted FedRAMP as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023. II. PREVENTING A PATRONAGE SYSTEM IN THE FEDERAL WORKFORCE On October 21, 2020, President Trump signed Executive Order 13957, which attempted to classify a large number of federal civil servants as ``Schedule F'' employees, effectively removing their civil service protections and allowing a President to unilaterally remove individuals from federal service if they proved disloyal. Although one of President Biden's first actions as President was to repeal Trump's ``Schedule F'' executive order, any future President could attempt to grant themselves the authority envisioned in Executive Order 13957. For this reason, on January 13, 2022, Chairman Connolly introduced the Preventing a Patronage System Act (H.R. 302). The bill would require Congress to approve the creation of any new excepted service position. Specifically, it would (1) prevent any position in the competitive service from being reclassified to an excepted service schedule, (2) limit federal employee reclassifications to the five excepted service schedules in use prior to fiscal year 2021, and (3) block any reclassifications of federal employees to ``Schedule F.'' H.R. 302 was included as Section XXIII of the Protecting Our Democracy Act (H.R. 5314) and was adopted as an amendment to the House-passed National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7900). The House passed H.R. 302 on September 15, 2022, and the bill was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs in the Senate on September 19, 2022. The provision was also included in the House-passed version of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023. III. WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY (WMATA) On February 9, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing on its continued oversight of WMATA. This hearing shed light on serious funding, operational, and safety concerns plaguing WMATA. These concerns included inaccurate track inspection reports, the failure to document or investigate more than 3,000 criminal complaints from riders, and a defect found on 60 percent of the system's railcar fleet that was allowed to languish for four years. To counter these challenges, Chairman Connolly sponsored the Metro Accountability and Investment Act (H.R. 694), which reauthorized $150 million in annual dedicated federal capital funding for Metro through 2030 in exchange for improvements to the WMATA OIG. Congress included Chairman Connolly's provision in the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58). At the February 9, 2022, hearing, the Subcommittee heard testimony from the CEO of WMATA, the CEO of the Washington Metrorail Safety Commission, the Chair of WMATA's Board of Directors, and the WMATA IG. The hearing highlighted the need to continue trends of improvement and take additional steps to increase ridership and improve safety. The Chairman's efforts led to the inclusion of dedicated funding for WMATA in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, providing $150 million annually to WMATA--with funding specifically dedicated to the Inspector General for improved oversight of the public transit entity's operations and performance. IV. SUPPORT FOR THE FEDERAL WORKFORCE In addition to its work to preserve merit system principles across federal government, the Subcommittee led efforts to explore and define the ideal characteristics of post-pandemic federal service. The Subcommittee held three hearings, a virtual roundtable, and a briefing exploring federal service during and after the pandemic. Chairman Connolly also led efforts to ensure federal pay rates kept pace with rising inflation and comparable private sector jobs with his FAIR Act (H.R. 392 for 2021; H.R. 6398 for 2022). In 2021, for example, the Chairman championed efforts for a 2.7% pay increase. For 2022, Chairman Connolly successfully fought for the largest pay increase for federal employees in at least 20 years: at least 4.6% on average for federal employees. On February 23, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Revitalizing the Federal Workforce,'' which examined the damage done to the federal workforce after four years of the Trump Administration's efforts to (1) replace career professionals with partisan operators, (2) attack collective bargaining rights, and (3) degrade the independence of the competitive civil service. The hearing highlighted the success of telework in ensuring the federal government performed its mission throughout the pandemic and thanked federal employees who could not telework and risked their well-being each day serving the nation. On May 26, 2021, the Subcommittee held a virtual roundtable for industry partners to discuss the current state of the security clearance process for government employees and contractors. Participants discussed (1) the successes that DSCA has had in improving its background check process over the last two years, (2) the upcoming transition to Workforce 2.0, and (3) the remaining difficulties in getting workers and contractors through the security clearance process, and how those delays affect their business. On October 4, 2021, Chairman Connolly hosted a briefing with OPM Director Kiran A. Ahuja at George Mason University to discuss on how the federal government can attract the next generation of public servants. The Subcommittee also led two hearings on the ``Future of Federal Work.'' The first, on December 1, 2021, examined the federal government's recruitment and hiring policies and explored strategies to help build the next generation of public servants. With just 7% of the federal civilian employees under the page of 30 and potentially one-third of employees eligible to retire in the next several years, the federal workforce is facing a ``Retirement Tsunami.'' To avoid this fate, Chairman Connolly introduced the NextGenFeds Act (H.R. 6014), which would leverage federal internships to build a robust cadre of early-career talent that reflects this nation. On May 11, 2022, the Committee on Oversight and Reform favorably reported the bill. On July 21, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``The Future of Federal Work II.'' This hearing followed more than two years of strain on the federal workforce prompted by the pandemic. The hearing explored what the government did right and what could be improved to ensure that the well-being and resilience of our workforce are at the forefront of all future policies. At the hearing, Chairman Connolly announced his introduction of the Chai Suthammanont Healthy Federal Workplaces Act of 2022 (H.R. 8466). The bill would require agencies to plan for future public health emergencies and ensures employees are made aware of their responsibilities and rights should a future health emergency occur. The bill passed the House on September 29, 2022. First Responder Fair RETIRE Act. Chairman Connolly's First Responder Fair RETIRE Act, signed into law on December 9, 2022, addresses harsh inequities that prevented federal law enforcement from securing retirement benefits they earned. Federal firefighters and law enforcement officers put their lives on the line for their fellow Americans every day. Given the hazardous nature of federal first responders' jobs, Congress created an accelerated retirement system for these positions and established a mandatory retirement age of 57. Referred to as ``6c'' for the section of the law in which this retirement system was established, federal first responders are entitled to an annuity after serving for 20 years and reaching age 50. They pay a greater percentage of their salary into their retirement system, and their annuity amount is calculated at a higher rate than other federal employees who make their payments over the course of 30 years. Unfortunately, not all federal first responders are able to complete their 20 years of service. In cases where federal first responders become injured and are no longer able to complete the essential functions of their jobs, they may be placed in a civil service position that is not eligible for 6c benefits. When this happens, the federal first responder is transferred to the Federal Employee Retirement System (FERS) and loses the eligibility to retire after 20 years of service. Additionally, the employee is not reimbursed for the higher contributions he or she made while under the 6c retirement system. The years of service are credited as if the federal first responder had been in the normal 30-year system and the federal government keeps the overpayments. The First Responder Fair RETIRE Act allows federal first responders to stay in the 6c retirement system if they are placed in a position outside of that system after returning to work from a duty-related injury. The bill also allows these employees to receive a refund of their accelerated contributions should they be separated from service before they are entitled to an annuity. Honoring Civil Servants Killed in the Line of Duty Act. On April 4, 2022, Chairman Connolly introduced the Honoring Civil Servants Killed in the Line of Duty Act (H.R. 7376), an amended version of a Senate companion bill. This legislation would set a required standard death gratuity payment at $100,000 plus $8,800 for funeral expenses, with adjustments for inflation, for civil service employees who are killed in the line of duty or die because of an injury sustained at work. V. RESTORING THE INDEPENDENCE OF INSPECTORS GENERAL During his time in office, former President Trump took actions that threatened the independence of agency IGs. He removed and replaced IGs who criticized his actions, policies, or associates--at times seizing on legal loopholes to dismiss them. He also nominated political loyalists and campaign donors with no auditing or investigations experience to vacant IG positions or assigned them to ``acting'' IG roles when they had clear conflicting interests. He left some agencies without a permanent IG for years. Within the span of a few weeks during the spring and early summer of former President Trump's final year in office, and as a pandemic swept across the nation, he fired two permanent IGs and replaced three acting IGs. Good government groups and others claimed these firings were politically motivated. In response to these issues, on April 20, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Restoring Independence: Rebuilding the Federal Offices of Inspectors General.'' This hearing explored how the Trump Administration damaged the federal IG community, and how Congress could help restore and rebuild it. In addition, Chairman Connolly introduced three bills related to federal IGs. On February 18, 2022, Chairman Connolly introduced the Special Inspector General for Law Enforcement Act (H.R. 6762). This bill would establish the Office of the Special Inspector General for Law Enforcement to investigate ``racial profiling, officer misconduct, use of force, use of deadly force, or pattern or practice of unconstitutional misconduct involving Federal law enforcement.'' On April 20, 2021, Chairman Connolly introduced the Integrity Committee Transparency Act (H.R. 2681). The bill passed out of Committee as an amendment to the IG Independence and Empowerment Act (H.R. 2662). This bill would (1) create more stringent reporting requirements from the Integrity Committee (IC) to Congress and Inspectors General (IGs); (2) require the IC Chairperson to report immediately to an IG if the IC becomes aware of any particularly serious or flagrant problems, abuses, or deficiencies in the IG's office; and (3) require the affected IG to transmit that report to Congress within seven days. The bill would also expand the membership of the IC to include a former IG. Congress enacted this bill into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023. On June 24, 2021, Chairman Connolly introduced the Keep the Watchdogs Running Act (H.R. 4125). This bill would grant authority to federal Offices of the Inspector General to continue operating at the previously appropriated level during lapses in appropriations--for instance, during government shutdowns. On May 19, 2021, Chairman Connolly introduced the Enhanced Whistleblower Engagement Act (H.R. 3338), which would amend the IG Act of 1978 to require OIG employees to receive whistleblower training and require the designated whistleblower coordinator to facilitate communication on whistleblower issues with the IG. The bill would also require CIGIE to identify best practices to promote timely and appropriate handling of alleged reprisals within an office of inspector general. VI. IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE POSTAL SERVICE Under the leadership of Postmaster General DeJoy, the Postal Service made substantial operational changes to mail and package delivery without consulting customers, disrupting critical delivery services during a pandemic and a presidential election with unprecedented mail-in ballots. Among the crowning achievements in this space was Chairman Connolly's leadership role in enactment of the Postal Service Reform Act. During fiscal years 2020 and 2021, mail delivery services across the United States plummeted. While on-time delivery rates have improved nationwide, some of this improvement is the result of new service standards that extend delivery targets, making it easier for the Postal Service to meet the standards. In addition, mail theft has emerged as a rampant problem in the Philadelphia area and nationwide in recent years. The Subcommittee is working with the Postal Service and GAO to ensure the Postal Police Officer force is equipped and authorized to fight postal crimes regardless of where they are perpetrated. The Subcommittee held three field hearings that focused on postal issues in three geographic areas: (1) ``Waiting on the Mail: Postal Service Standard Drops in Chicago and the Surrounding Area,'' held on October 15, 2021; (2) ``Waiting on the Mail: Postal Service Standard Drops in Baltimore and the Surrounding Area,'' held on February 14, 2022; and (3) ``Delivering for Pennsylvania: Examining Postal Service Delivery and Operations from the Cradle of Liberty,'' held on September 7, 2022. On November 16, 2022, the Subcommittee held a fourth Postal Service hearing examining whether the Postal Service was prepared for peak season, which runs from November through mid- January of each year. During the past four years, on-time delivery performance for both packages and mail dropped during the first quarter of the fiscal year (October to December). Increases in mail volume and inclement weather events caused this drop in on-time delivery rates. In 2021, between Thanksgiving and New Year's Eve (a portion of the first quarter of fiscal year 2022), the Postal Service processed 13.2 billion pieces of mail, packages, and cards. The Postal Service processed 12.6% more mail during the first fiscal quarter of 2022 than in the fourth quarter of 2021. This increase in volume places additional strain on the Postal Service's workforce and logistics network. On September 9, 2022, Chairman Connolly introduced the Ensuring Accurate Postal Rates Act (H.R. 8781), which seeks to have the Postal Regulatory Commission re-examine whether the positive effects of the Postal Service Reform Act, coupled with increased package sales during the pandemic, warrant removal of current authorities allowing Postal Service leadership to raise rates above the Consumer Price Index. Chairman Connolly led efforts to electrify the Postal Service's vehicle fleet. The Postal Service currently owns and operates one of the world's largest civilian vehicle fleets, composed of more than 228,000 vehicles. Over 140,000 of these vehicles are decades old, average only ten miles per gallon, and have reached the end of their 24-year operational lifespan. Maintaining these aging vehicles comes at a high environmental and financial cost--the Postal Service spends $2 billion and over 30,000 hours per year on delivery vehicle maintenance, and in Fiscal Year 2019, fuel costs alone for these vehicles totaled $491 million. Many of these vehicles also pose risks to the frontline workers who drive them. They lack airbags and antilock brakes, and there have been numerous accounts of these vehicles catching fire. In May 2021, Chairman Connolly joined Chairwoman Maloney to lead 53 members of Congress in writing to President Biden to support his plan to acquire only ``clean and zero-emission vehicles'' for the entire federal fleet, including the Postal Service Fleet. In February 2022, Chairman Connolly and his fellow leaders of the House Sustainable Energy and Environment Coalition (SEEC) sent a letter to Postmaster General Louis DeJoy to oppose the Postal Service's procurement plan that would have moved forward with the purchase of an almost- exclusively gas-powered fleet. In March 2022, Chairman Connolly introduced the Green Postal Service Fleet Act to prohibit the Postal Service from carrying out any purchase of a new fleet of delivery vehicles unless 75 percent of the new vehicles are electric or otherwise emissions-free. Chairman Connolly introduced the legislation after the Postal Service finalized a contract with Oshkosh Defense for the purchase of a new, almost entirely gas-powered fleet of delivery vehicles, despite President Biden's clear and stated goal of electrifying the federal fleet. In March 2022, Chairman Connolly also joined Chairwoman Maloney and Reps. Lynch, Lawrence, and Huffman to request that the Postal Service Office of Inspector General investigate the Postal Service's compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act, particularly the filing of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Next Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV). On December 20, 2022, the Postal Service announced it would purchase 66,000 electric vehicles, ensuring that 75% of its NGDV fleet will be electric vehicles. The Postal Service investment--which matches the requirements of the Green Postal Service Fleet Act--includes $3 billion in funding from the Inflation Reduction Act, which Chairman Connolly helped secure. VII. IMPROPER PAYMENTS BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee conducted oversight work to understand and reduce improper payments made by the federal government. On March 31, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Follow the Money: Tackling Improper Payments.'' This hearing examined the causes of improper payments and explored solutions for reducing them. For fiscal year 2021, 86 high-risk federal programs paid $281 billion dollars, or 7.2% of their total outlays, in improper payments. Chairman Connolly later introduced the STOP Fraud Act (H.R. 8322), which would require agencies to adopt and employ analytics to combat fraud before it occurs. The Committee on Oversight and Reform reported the bill favorably on July 20, 2022. VIII. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE (IRS) OVERSIGHT During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee oversaw the IRS's work to ensure that IRS could serve the American public despite prior challenges. On April 21, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``IRS: Is It Ready?'' This hearing examined how the IRS could make it through the 2022 tax season despite years of neglect from Congress and a massive backlog from the previous season. Chairman Connolly recommended supporting an $80 billion investment in the IRS and the Streamlining IRS Operations Act (H.R. 7428), which he sponsored with Rep. Katie Porter. Andrew Cohen, Congressional Affairs Advisor at IRS, said that this hearing was essential in securing $80 billion in funding for the IRS in the Inflation Reduction Act. In addition, shortly after the hearing, the IRS announced plans to implement automated scanning technology to expedite the manual processing of mailed-in tax forms. Chairman Connolly repeatedly called for IRS to implement this scanning technology throughout the hearing. IX. PEACEFUL TRANSITIONS OF POWER Until the transition of President Trump to President Biden, the United States had experienced 36 peaceful transitions following presidential elections. The peaceful transfer of power is critical to the success of American democracy. To promote that, Congress passed the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (PTA). The PTA requires GSA to financially support transition activities and provide office space and other core support services to the president-elect and vice president-elect. For purposes of the PTA, ``President-elect'' and ``Vice-President- elect'' are defined as ``the apparent successful candidates for the office of President and Vice-President, respectively, as ascertained by the GSA Administrator following the general elections.'' On November 9, 2020, President Trump instructed leaders of federal agencies not to recognize Biden's victory and to block cooperation with President-elect Biden's transition team. At the direction of President Trump, GSA Administrator Emily Murphy withheld for 20 days a decision to ``ascertain'' that Joe Biden and Kamala Harris were ``the apparent successful candidates.'' GSA's delay denied the Biden transition team access to the PTA's funding and designated office space that Congress intended. Murphy's delay also obstructed the activities of transition, which include the vetting of individuals for the new administration and the receipt of briefings from the outgoing administration. These delays could pose challenges and prompt unnecessary delays for the incoming administration. Chairman Connolly led multiple efforts that led Administrator Murphy to ascertain that President Biden won the election, including drafting multiple letters and holding a hearing on the subject in the 116th Congress. In the 117th Congress, Chairman Connolly led efforts to draft legislation that would permit more than one slate of candidates for president and vice president to have access to materials and individuals that ensure an effective transition. Provisions that support this change to the Administrator's ministerial duties were in the omnibus appropriations bill for fiscal year 2023. X. GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, GENERALLY In April 2021, Chairman Connolly introduced the Performance Enhancement Reform Act (H.R. 2617) (PERA). Current law requires federal agency Chief Human Capital Officers to develop a performance plan each year that defines the agency's mission, summarizes strategic goals and objectives, and identifies strategies to achieve them. Agencies use the plan to align resources and guide decision-making to accomplish priorities and improve outcomes. These performance plans should support planning across organizational operating units and describe how agency components are working toward common results and serving the public. PERA was included in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 and would require agencies to integrate IT modernization and evidence metrics more effectively into their performance plans, leading to stronger outcomes for American taxpayers. The amendment would also remedy a gap in expertise by requiring agencies' Performance Improvement Officers to work in consultation with the Chief Human Capital Officer, the CIO, the Chief Data Officer, and the Chief Financial Officer to prepare the annual performance plans. The amendment would also require agency performance plans to include descriptions of human capital, training, data and evidence, information technology, and skill sets needed for the agency to meet the agency's performance goals. Finally, the amendment would require performance plans to include descriptions of technology modernization investments, system upgrades, staff technology skills and expertise, stakeholder input and feedback, and other resources and strategies needed to meet the agency's performance goals. D. Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy I. YOUTH E-CIGARETTE EPIDEMIC AND FLAVORED CIGARETTES During the 116th Congress, the Subcommittee led congressional oversight of the youth e-cigarette epidemic and the role of JUUL, an e-cigarette manufacturer, in creating it. By the end of the 116th Congress, the investigation--then lasting 18 months--had drastically altered the e-cigarette landscape and forced significant changes to the industry's troubling practices. Oversight of the e-cigarette industry, FDA's regulatory response, and related tobacco concerns continued in the 117th Congress. On February 17, 2021, the Subcommittee sent letters to 20 e-cigarette companies requesting documents and information regarding sales of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes and e-liquids. Between January 15 and February 12, 2021, all 20 companies had received warning letters from FDA accusing the companies of manufacturing and selling ENDS products without the required marketing order. On March 3, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to FDA to alert the agency that Puff Bar--a leading e-cigarette company-- had resumed its sale of e-cigarettes, claiming to have reformulated its products using synthetic nicotine instead of tobacco to avoid FDA regulation. On April 21, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to FDA calling for a ban on menthol-flavored cigarettes to protect public health and in light of racial equity concerns. On April 29, 2021, Chairman Krishnamoorthi issued a statement applauding FDA's announcement that it would ban the sale of menthol- flavored cigarettes. On June 17, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``An Epidemic Continues: Youth Vaping in America,'' during which Acting FDA Commissioner Janet Woodcock agreed that: (i) flavored e-cigarettes are dangerous to the public health because they attract kids, and that if any flavors are left on the market, kids will flock to them; (ii) menthol makes e- cigarettes more addictive; (iii) high-nicotine e-cigarettes are dangerous because they lead to youth addiction; and (iv) JUUL is responsible for the youth vaping epidemic. On August 31, 2021, Chairman Krishnamoorthi issued a statement applauding FDA's decision to ban the sale of certain flavored e-cigarettes but called on FDA to include menthol among the banned flavors. On September 10, 2021, the Subcommittee sent FDA a letter expressing deep concern about its failure to meet the September 9, 2021, deadline to rule on whether e-cigarette brands could stay on the market. Following this failure, FDA agreed to a weekly call with Subcommittee staff to explain the steps that FDA is taking to regulate e-cigarettes. These weekly calls are ongoing. On October 12, 2021, Chairman Krishnamoorthi issued a statement condemning FDA's decision to allow continued sales of R.J. Reynolds' high-nicotine Vuse e-cigarettes. On November 18, 2021, the Subcommittee sent letters to both Next Generation Labs LLC and Puff Bar--two companies that manufacture or sell synthetic nicotine products--requesting information about the companies and their sale of the products, which were unregulated by FDA. Next Generation Labs had claimed to be ``the market leader'' in the production and sale of synthetic nicotine, and Puff Bar, which claimed to have reformulated its products with synthetic nicotine after it was found to be in violation of law, had been called the favorite e-cigarette brand among teens and children. On December 6, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to FDA requesting information about the agency's progress in reviewing the premarket tobacco product applications (PMTAs) from e- cigarette manufacturers to determine whether the agency was exercising its full authority to protect children from harmful e-cigarette products after it missed the September 9, 2021, court-ordered deadline to rule on all PMTA applications. On June 23, 2022, Chairman Krishnamoorthi applauded FDA's decision to deny JUUL's PMTAs. In announcing its decision, FDA declared that JUUL's devices do not meet the agency's public health standards and ``may have played a disproportionate role in the rise of youth vaping.'' On July 7, 2022, FDA reversed course, allowing JUUL to remain on the market pending its review of ``additional information.'' On July 13, 2022, following a new federal law taking effect in April 2022 clarifying FDA's authority to regulate synthetic nicotine, FDA issued its first two warning letters to manufacturers for unlawfully marketing non-tobacco nicotine e- liquid products without the required authorization. FDA also announced that it had issued 107 warning letters to retailers for illegally selling non-tobacco nicotine products, including certain e-cigarette or e-liquid products, to underage purchasers. On October 6, 2022, FDA and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released the results of the annual National Youth Tobacco Survey, showing that nearly 2.5 million middle and high school students report using e-cigarettes. FDA also announced that it had issued a warning letter to EVO Brands LLC and PVG2, LLC, doing business as Puff Bar, for receiving and delivering e-cigarettes in the U.S. without a marketing authorization order. The agency also announced that it had issued marketing denial orders (MDO) for applications submitted by Magellan Technology Inc. for its Hyde e-cigarettes. Following the release of the new federal data and the updated enforcement actions, Chairman Krishnamoorthi recognized the steps that FDA had taken but called on FDA to act more quickly to protect American youth from the harms of e-cigarettes. On October 14, 2022, as a result of continued oversight from the Subcommittee, FDA announced that it had completed the initial review of 95% of the synthetic nicotine product applications submitted on May 14, 2022, to determine whether they meet the minimum requirements to be accepted for further review. This review resulted in: (i) the issuance of 889,000 Refuse to Accept (RTA) decisions on applications that did not meet the criteria for acceptance; and (ii) the acceptance of 1,600 applications, with the vast majority being for e- cigarette or e-liquid products. On October 18, 2022, FDA announced that DOJ, acting on its behalf, had filed complaints for permanent injunctions in federal district courts against six e-cigarette manufacturers--the first time FDA has initiated injunction proceedings to enforce the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act's premarket review requirements for new tobacco products. On October 26, 2022, FDA announced that it had issued an MDO for Logic e-cigarette products containing menthol flavoring, following a full scientific review from FDA that determined they did not meet requisite public health standards. To date, the Subcommittee's work has already forced major changes to troubling e-cigarette industry practices and fundamentally altered the e-cigarette landscape for the better. II. TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN BABY FOODS On November 6, 2019, during the 116th Congress, the Subcommittee launched an investigation into reports of high levels of toxic heavy metals in baby foods. The Subcommittee requested internal documents and test results from seven of the largest manufacturers of baby food in the United States, including makers of both organic and conventional products. Four of the seven companies cooperated with the Subcommittee's investigation, providing internal testing policies, test results for ingredients and finished products, and documentation about what the companies did with ingredients and finished products that contained heavy metals in amounts that exceeded their internal testing limits. On February 4, 2021, at the start of the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee released a staff report on the issue titled ``Baby Foods are Tainted with Dangerous Levels of Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury.'' The report found, among other things, that (i) according to internal company documents and test results obtained by the Subcommittee, commercial baby foods are tainted with significant levels of toxic heavy metals, including arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury; (ii) internal company standards permit dangerously high levels of toxic heavy metals, and documents revealed that the manufacturers have often sold foods that exceeded those levels; and (iii) the Trump Administration ignored a secret industry presentation to federal regulators revealing increased risks of toxic heavy metals in baby foods. On March 5, 2021, FDA announced its intention to reduce toxic heavy metals in baby food, specifically noting the findings of the Subcommittee's staff report. On March 26, 2021, Chairman Krishnamoorthi led the introduction in the House of the Baby Food Safety Act of 2021 (H.R. 2229), bicameral legislation that would dramatically reduce toxic heavy metals in baby foods. On April 8, 2021, in response to the introduction of the legislation, FDA announced its ``Closer to Zero'' Campaign, setting timelines for regulating toxic heavy metals in foods consumed by babies and young children. The campaign includes three phases: Phase 1 (scheduled for April 2021 to April 2022): FDA provided draft action levels for lead in juice. FDA is still seeking data and other information from stakeholders before finalizing these action levels. Phase 2 (scheduled for April 2022 to April 2024): FDA is engaging with stakeholders to help develop action levels for cadmium, mercury, and arsenic while also finalizing action levels for lead. Phase 3 (scheduled to begin in April 2024; no definite end date): FDA will continue to work on action levels for cadmium and mercury and plans to finalize action levels for arsenic. During Phase 3, FDA will also engage in monitoring that may include enforcement and will reassess whether any action levels should be adjusted downward. On September 29, 2021, the Subcommittee released a second staff report providing additional information about high levels of toxic heavy metals in baby foods and the industry's failure to end harmful practices that allow this contamination to occur. On October 8, 2021, in response to this second staff report, Walmart announced a voluntary recall of certain batches of its baby foods. In June 2022, Subcommittee Staff participated in a teleconference with FDA concerning progress on their Closer to Zero Campaign. Staff exchanges between the Subcommittee and FDA remain ongoing, and the Subcommittee continues to press FDA to increase its pacing for the Closer to Zero plan. III. ORGAN PROCUREMENT INDUSTRY CONCERNS On December 23, 2020, during the 116th Congress, the Subcommittee launched an investigation into the organ donation and transplant system in the United States following public reports of mismanagement in the organ procurement system. On May 4, 2021, the Subcommittee held a bipartisan hearing on needed reforms in the organ transplant industry, finding that many people die every year waiting for organs and that organ procurement organizations (OPOs)--geographically organized entities tasked with securing organs for transplant by identifying eligible donors and recovering organs from deceased donors across the United States that account for over 80% of transplants--had been failing to do their jobs effectively. Following the hearing in May, the Subcommittee expanded its investigation, requesting specific organ procurement performance data from the OPOs and asking organ donor networks for information about their requests for Medicare reimbursement. To date, the investigation has revealed how OPOs are failing to adequately provide their services, leaving hundreds of thousands of Americans seeking organ transplants without essential healthcare. Problems at both individual OPOs and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), which manages the ecosystem in which OPOs operate, have contributed to as many as 25,000 unnecessary deaths per year, significant financial waste, and racial inequalities in health care. Beginning in April 2021, new reporting and documents obtained by the Subcommittee demonstrated heightened concern about data collection and management issues affecting OPOs and the organ-sharing ecosystem more generally. A Washington Post article dated July 31, 2022, and a hearing of the Senate Committee on Finance on August 3, 2022, raised additional concerns about data collected and maintained by OPOs. Accordingly, the Subcommittee sent a letter on November 11, 2022, to all OPOs subject to the investigation asking them to confirm the accuracy and completeness of information the organizations previously provided to the Subcommittee as part of its investigation. IV. SALE OF UTILITY CUSTOMER INFORMATION TO ICE FOR DEPORTATION PURPOSES On February 26, 2021, the Subcommittee sent letters to Thomson Reuters and Equifax, Inc., requesting documents and information concerning the companies' sale of utility customers' data to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The companies' databases contained information for over 200 million utility customers. Under the Trump Administration, ICE reportedly paid $20.6 million to access customer information from these databases to surveil and target undocumented immigrants. V. TOXIC PET COLLARS On March 17, 2021, the Subcommittee launched an investigation into deaths and injuries to animals caused by the Seresto flea and tick collar, a popular product among pet owners. Earlier that month, a report from USA Today revealed that, as of June 2020, there had been more than 75,000 incidents and approximately 1,700 pet deaths linked to the collar, numbers that increased to more than 98,000 incidents and 2,500 pet deaths during the investigation. As part of its investigation, the Subcommittee obtained internal documents from Bayer Animal Health, Elanco Animal Health, and EPA. Based on those documents as well as additional reporting from USA Today and internal EPA emails made public via a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request, the Subcommittee concluded that EPA had known about the dangers posed by the Seresto collar for years yet failed to take action to protect pets and their owners. On June 15, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing on the subject and released a staff report setting out its findings, including that (i) EPA rushed Seresto's approval through a flawed scientific review process; (ii) EPA first discovered serious issues with the collar's safety in 2015; (iii) Canadian regulators refused to allow the collar to be sold due to safety concerns; (iv) EPA allowed the collar to stay on the market despite (a) the Canadian regulators' decision and (b) frustrations among EPA personnel regarding the Seresto collar's safety; and (v) incident figures may understate the harm caused by the Seresto collar. On July 18, 2022, the Subcommittee sent a follow-up letter to the EPA and FDA summarizing the key takeaways from the hearing and staff report and reiterating Chairman Krishnamoorthi's call for EPA to take action. The letter encouraged EPA to (i) commence Notice of Intent to Cancel (NOIC) proceedings by providing the required notice to the Secretary of Agriculture, which would allow EPA to remove Seresto from the market; (ii) strengthen EPA's pre-registration scientific review process; (iii) improve EPA's incident data collection system; and (iv) work with FDA, which has extensive expertise in post-market monitoring and adverse event reporting, to implement the recommendations. On November 21, 2022, Subcommittee staff participated in a briefing with EPA officials, who provided an update on their scientific review of the Seresto flea and tick collar. VI. ONLINE CONTENT Between April and November 2021, the Subcommittee launched inquiries into harmful content available to youth on social media platforms including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok. On April 6, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to YouTube seeking documents and information about its YouTube Kids platform amid concerns about content quality, advertisement practices, and the impact the platform has on children. On September 20, 2021, following reported public concerns, the Subcommittee sent a letter to Facebook requesting documents and information on Facebook's role in facilitating human trafficking content on its platforms and its failure to address the effects of Instagram on the mental health and well-being of teen girls. On September 27, 2021, just one week after the letter, Facebook announced that it was stopping the development of Instagram for Kids. On November 10, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to TikTok requesting documents and information about dangerous content made available to minors who use the platform, including content meant for adults and COVID-19 misinformation, and steps the platform had taken to adjust its algorithm or remove harmful content. VII. SEX TRAFFICKING LINKED TO POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION On July 6, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona to bring the Department of Education's attention to a new report indicating that certain postsecondary vocational schools were potentially being used as a cover for illegal practices, including sex trafficking. While students at the massage therapy programs in question did not receive federal student loans, the programs did receive federal funding through other channels, including the CARES Act. Chairman Krishnamoorthi requested the Department of Education's policies and procedures for protecting against sex trafficking in postsecondary education, and information on federal funds that may have gone to schools of concern. On May 27, 2022, the Subcommittee received a response letter and document productions from the Department of Education, which provided detailed descriptions of what the Department had done, and was continuing to do, to address the concerns raised in the Subcommittee's letter. VIII. SPAM TEXT MESSAGES AND FRAUD In August 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Acting Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel requesting a briefing on the Commission's ongoing efforts to combat the rise in spam robotext messages, through which scammers stole at least $86 million in 2020. Following FCC's briefing to the Subcommittee in September 2021, at which the Commission confirmed its intention to ``clamp down on (robotexts),'' FCC announced plans to initiate a rulemaking to require wireless providers to block illegal text messages. In November 2021, the Subcommittee requested--and FCC provided--further information regarding the Commission's efforts to investigate and crack down on spam robotexts. In September 2022, Chairman Krishnamoorthi applauded FCC's unanimous decision to initiate the public comment process on a proposed rule--the notice for which referenced information provided by the Subcommittee--aimed at cracking down on robotexts by forcing cellphone companies to block texts from illegal or fraudulent phone numbers. Comments on the proposed rule were due on or before November 10, 2022, and reply comments were due on or before November 25, 2022. IX. HIGHER EDUCATION TRANSCRIPTS On October 5, 2021, the Subcommittee sent letters to seven higher education authorities in five states requesting documents and information concerning the practice of withholding transcripts from students who have unpaid bills. 95% of respondents in a survey from the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers answered that they withheld transcripts for ``one or more reasons,'' with 64% of survey respondents saying that they withheld transcripts even if students owed under $25. The Subcommittee was concerned that, without their transcripts, students could not apply course credits they had already earned to a degree at another institution or use those documents to help them obtain a job. The Subcommittee requested documents and information on all transcripts withheld, and all policies and practices governing transcript withholding, across the five states. X. TEAR GAS On June 10, 2021, Chairman Krishnamoorthi, along with Rep. Jamie Raskin, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, Rep. Cori Bush, and Rep. Alexandria Ocasio- Cortez, sent letters to Safariland, Combined Systems, Inc., and Pacem Defense LLC requesting documents and information regarding the safety of tear gas products manufactured by these companies. The Members also sent a letter to HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra, Attorney General Merrick Garland, and EPA Administrator Michael S. Regan seeking information on whether there was any existing federal oversight of the use of tear gas products on humans. The Subcommittee received and reviewed documents and information from the companies and information from the agencies. The investigation culminated in an October 2021 staff memorandum from the Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy and Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, which revealed that the federal government does not regulate the use of tear gas on humans and has never determined if such use is safe. The memorandum also found that the health effects of tear gas on humans have been woefully understudied. XI. CHEMICALS IN FOOD PACKAGING On January 10, 2022, the Subcommittee sent a letter to FDA requesting information about its regulation of phthalates, dangerous chemicals commonly found in food packaging and processing materials. Phthalates can cause significant health problems, including fertility and reproductive issues in adults and behavioral and cognitive development issues in children. While progress had been made in recent years, FDA still allowed 28 different phthalates to be used in food packaging and processing materials. The Subcommittee's letter requested that FDA provide information about the steps it has taken to evaluate the dangers posed by phthalates and its efforts to ban these dangerous chemicals from use in food packaging and processing materials. On February 2, 2022, the Subcommittee received and reviewed information from FDA explaining its ongoing oversight of phthalates. Following the Subcommittee's letter, on May 19, 2022, FDA issued a rule to amend its food additive regulations governing phthalates. FDA specifically revoked authorizations for the food contact use of 23 phthalates and two other substances. Although FDA continued to allow nine phthalates to be used in food contact applications, FDA also issued a request for information about the current specific food contact uses. If, in the future, a manufacturer wants to use any of the revoked phthalates in food contact applications, the manufacturer is expected to submit either a food additive petition or a food contact substance notification to FDA given that such use had been previously authorized under FDA's food additive authorities. The comment period that opened on May 19, 2022, was initially closed on July 19, 2022, but subsequently reopened. The new deadline for comments is December 27, 2022. XII. EXCESS CORPORATE PRICE HIKES Between January 25, 2022, and March 18, 2022, the Subcommittee sent letters to companies in the ocean shipping industry (jointly with the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis), as well as the meat processing and rental car industries, seeking information and documents explaining their decisions to increase the prices of their products or services beyond their costs and despite rising profits. The Subcommittee also sought information and documents related to any investigations surrounding such price increases. In the ocean shipping industry, recipients were AP Moeller Maersk, CMA CGM, and Hapag-Lloyd. In the meat processing industry, recipients were Tyson Foods, JBS Foods, National Beef, and Seaboard. In the rental car industry, recipients were Hertz Global Holdings, Inc. and Avis Budget Group, Inc. On September 22, 2022, to shine a light on record-high corporate profits and profit margins, the Subcommittee held a hearing to examine the role of excess corporate price hikes in driving the inflation that U.S. consumers have been experiencing since early 2021. On November 4, 2022, the Subcommittee released a follow-up staff report, providing an original analysis of financial data within certain industries, summarizing existing analyses concerning the role of excess price hikes on inflation, and discussing the key takeaways from the hearing. XIII. HEART PUMP DEVICES On March 22, 2022, the Subcommittee sent a letter to FDA requesting information about its regulation of the HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) System--a heart pump device associated with over 20,000 patient injuries and 3,000 deaths before it was recalled in June 2021. Even as the device underwent 15 company-initiated recalls--more than any other high-risk device in FDA's database--the agency failed to take action to remove the device from the market or alert other federal agencies of the problems FDA found with the device during factory inspections. As a result, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Department of Veterans Affairs spent millions of dollars to implant heart patients with a potentially dangerous device. The Subcommittee's letter requested information about why FDA did not take further action after issuing a warning letter to the company and what steps it has taken to revise its protocols to ensure that other federal agencies, patients, and doctors are notified of FDA warning letters. XIV. BABY FORMULA On March 24, 2022, the Subcommittee launched an inquiry into FDA's delayed response in addressing contaminated infant formula that had been linked to five hospitalizations and two deaths. According to reports, FDA was alerted in September 2021 that an infant's Cronobacter sakazakii infection had been traced back to formula produced at an Abbott Nutrition Facility in Sturgis, Michigan. Between September and December 2021, FDA received two more reports of Cronobacter sakazakii infections, as well as a complaint about a salmonella illness, linked to the same facility. In September 2021, FDA inspected the facility and noted unsanitary conditions, but it failed to issue a public warning about the contaminated products until February 17, 2022, when Abbott voluntarily recalled the formula. On May 13, 2022, after it had become clear that the Abbott recall had directly contributed to an increasing shortage of baby formula nationwide, Chairwoman Maloney and Chairman Krishnamoorthi jointly sent letters to four baby formula manufacturers--Abbott Nutrition, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Nestle USA, and Perrigo Company--requesting information on the steps these companies are taking to address the shortage of infant formula in the United States. Together, these four companies control nearly 90% of the U.S. market for formula manufacturing. The letter to Abbott Nutrition also asked for documents related to sanitary conditions, quality control, contamination, and the closure of Abbott's facility in Sturgis, Michigan. XV. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH DATA PRIVACY On July 8, 2022, following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, Chairwoman Maloney and Chairman Krishnamoorthi jointly launched an investigation into reproductive health data privacy, sending letters to five data broker companies and five personal health application (``app'') companies requesting information and documents regarding the collection and sale of personal reproductive health data. The letters expressed concerns about the potential misuse of this data to invade the privacy of individuals seeking reproductive health care. Reproductive health applications, which are known to share information with data brokers and other third parties, have been plagued by data privacy concerns. A recent study found that 87% of the 23 most popular women's health apps-- including reproductive health apps--shared user data with third parties, yet just over 50% requested consent from their users. Similarly, data brokers have been found to sell sensitive user location data. Recent reporting indicates that data brokers have sold mobile phone location data from individuals who have visited health care clinics that provide abortions, leading to concerns about the misuse of private data to target individuals seeking this care. XVI. GAS STOVES On August 1, 2022, the Subcommittee sent a letter to CPSC requesting documents and information about CPSC's failure to establish safety standards or provide warnings to consumers on the significant health risks posed by air pollutants emitted from gas stoves despite having knowledge of potential risks as early as 1986. According to industry reports and third-party studies, despite having the authority either to issue mandatory standards and require warning labels or to work with industry to develop voluntary standards and labels that would address indoor air pollution from gas stoves, CPSC has not yet done either. XVII. CRYPTOCURRENCY FRAUD AND SCAMS On August 30, 2022, the Subcommittee sent letters to four federal agencies--the U.S. Department of Treasury, Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and Federal Trade Commission--and five digital asset exchanges--Binance.US, Coinbase, FTX US, Kraken, and KuCoin-- requesting information about the steps they are taking to combat cryptocurrency-related fraud and scams and additional actions that are needed to protect Americans. More specifically, the Subcommittee posed a series of questions and document requests aimed at gathering information about what the federal agencies and digital asset exchanges are doing to protect consumers and inform legislative solutions to bring stability to the digital asset industry. On October 14, 2022, based on information obtained in the investigation to date, the Subcommittee also sent a copy of the letter to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. On November 18, 2022, following the bankruptcy of FTX Trading Ltd. (FTX), including its affiliated entity FTX US, the Subcommittee sent a letter to the founder and former CEO of FTX, Sam Bankman-Fried, and the current CEO of FTX, John J. Ray III, pressing for more information on FTX's collapse and the full scope of harm inflicted upon its investors, and reiterating its expectation that FTX fully comply with the Subcommittee's August 30, 2022, request for documents. XVIII. INCLINED INFANT PRODUCTS On September 2, 2022, Chairwoman Maloney and Chairman Krishnamoorthi jointly sent a letter to CPSC requesting information about how the Commission is working to protect babies from harmful inclined products such as sleepers, rockers, and other products with an incline of more than ten degrees. The Committee first began investigating this issue in 2019, leading to a CPSC final rule banning infant inclined sleeping products in June 2021. The September 2022 letter followed a June 14, 2022, statement released by CPSC and Mattel Inc. warning of 13 infant deaths associated with inclined rockers and advising consumers against using the products for sleep or leaving infants unsupervised or unrestrained in those rockers. The letter also followed the May 16, 2022, signing of the Safe Sleep for Babies Act as well as a CPSC rule promulgated on June 23, 2022, making it unlawful to sell non- compliant infant sleep products manufactured on or after that date. The letter sought additional clarity as to whether CPSC's anticipated rule would apply to all products that could pose risks to infants during sleep and sought a statement on CPSC's position on current law that requires CPSC to consult with manufacturers before taking certain safety actions. On October 13, 2022, CPSC responded to the Committee's letter, providing certain requested information, deferring to the ongoing rulemaking process in other cases, and stating Chairman Hoehn-Saric's position that ``the overly restrictive provisions of [existing law] should be repealed as they hinder the Commission's ability to act quickly to keep American consumers safe.'' E. Subcommittee On Environment I. FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee investigated the massive subsidies--approximately $15 billion per year--that support the fossil fuel industry and prevent action from Congress on climate change. According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. government ranks second in the world in its support of the oil and gas industry. On Earth Day, April 22, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``The Role of Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Preventing Action on the Climate Crisis.'' Internationally recognized activist Greta Thunberg joined other witnesses virtually from Sweden to discuss the ways the international community views the United States in light of its failures to align with the Paris Climate Agreement. The hearing also explored how the fossil fuel industry has used taxpayer-funded subsidies to lobby for further preferential treatment from the federal government. II. JOB CREATION During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee investigated how to address the climate crisis while making sure no one is left behind. To achieve that goal, the federal government must target investments towards areas of the country that have been deindustrialized and historically disadvantaged. On June 16, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Jumpstarting Main Street: Bringing Jobs & Wealth Back to Forgotten America'' to explore these issues. The Subcommittee heard testimony from five witnesses to examine racial economic inequality and how investments to stop the climate crisis can address it. III. WILDFIRES In the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee investigated forest resilience in mitigating wildfires. Wildfires carry a significant cost to human life, property, and wildlife across the country. On March 15, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Fighting Fire with Fire: Evaluating the Role of Forest Management in Reducing Catastrophic Wildfires.'' The Subcommittee heard from Carole King, a celebrated singer- songwriter and land conservation advocate, the head of the United States Forest Service, and other witnesses regarding the Forest Service's fuel management practices, including prescribed burns, thinning, and commercial logging, and their effectiveness at preventing wildfires. The hearing emphasized the importance of community participation in forest management, including by allowing Tribes--and, in particular, traditional ecological knowledge-holders--to take the lead in maintaining forest health. Witnesses also addressed the need to prioritize investments in engineering solutions that protect homes and buildings from wildfires over commercial logging practices that exacerbate fires. IV. REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee examined regenerative agriculture, the role it can play in preventing the worst of the climate crisis while protecting food supply, and the urgent need to reform federal policies that unjustly favor corporate agribusiness, often at the expense of family farmers. Climate change fundamentally threatens the world's food supply as extreme weather events, water scarcity, pests, and warming make it harder to grow staple crops and renders farmland unusable. Regenerative agricultural practices, such as rotating crops, can help reduce and reverse the desertification of farmland, increase nutrients in the soil, and enhance food security. On July 19, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Regenerative Agriculture: How Farmers and Ranchers Are Essential to Solving Climate Change and Increasing Food Production.'' The Subcommittee heard from regenerative farmers and soil health experts about the programs of USDA and the unfair market power held by corporate agribusiness that limits small- and medium-sized farmers' ability to adopt regenerative agricultural practices. While a small number of companies control most of the market for beef, pork, and grain, family farmers earn just 16 cents of every dollar spent on food. The federal government already supports regenerative agriculture and conservation methods, but many of these programs are oversubscribed and under-resourced. Some federal policy, however, supports inherently unsustainable practices, such as concentrated feeding operations (i.e., facilities where animals live and eat in confined spaces), which produce large amounts of waste that cause significant greenhouse gas emissions and can runoff into water resources. The Subcommittee revealed the need to amend federal policies that unjustly protect corporate agribusiness, often at the expense of family farmers, and fully fund farm conservation programs. V. LEADED AVIATION FUEL During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee examined the health harms associated with leaded aviation fuel and its impacts on American communities and the environment. On July 28, 2022, the Subcommittee held a hearing titled ``Toxic Air: How Leaded Aviation Fuel Is Poisoning America's Children.'' This hearing explored the urgent, yet little-known, health crisis of airborne lead exposure from aviation fuel. This problem impacts millions of people who live near general aviation airports in the United States. Lead is highly toxic and a probable carcinogen, causing health effects such as brain damage, learning disabilities, reduced fertility, nerve damage, and death. Despite the dangers associated with it, many airplanes continue to utilize leaded fuel, putting the health and safety of Americans--especially children--at risk. In the United States, general aviation airports are often located in low-income communities and communities of color, causing those communities to suffer disproportionately from the health impacts of leaded aviation fuel. Lead exposure from aviation fuel is an ongoing environmental justice crisis. Despite clear evidence of harm and the existence of unleaded fuel alternatives, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and EPA had failed for many years to take meaningful action to curb the use of leaded aviation fuel. Simultaneously, the fossil fuel and aviation industries have lobbied to delay efforts to phase out leaded fuel. Shortly after the Subcommittee's hearing, EPA issued an endangerment finding for the lead content in aviation fuel (i.e., a finding that lead emissions may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health and welfare). Additionally, FAA finally signed off on the commercial production of an unleaded fuel alternative. VI. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee examined the gaps in current laws and regulations that leave frontline communities vulnerable to pollution, and the policy changes necessary to safeguard public health and the environment. Countless Americans live in communities where current air and water pollution permitting schemes fail to protect residents from the cumulative health and environmental impacts of concentrated industrial pollution. These sacrifice zones are disproportionately found in low-income communities and communities of color. On August 25, 2022, Chairman Khanna and Vice Chair Rashida Tlaib held a field hearing in Detroit, Michigan, which focused on the reality of living in ``sacrifice zones''--areas where Americans feel their lives are being sacrificed for the profits of corporate polluters. Most of the witnesses described living in the impact zone of either Stellantis, an automobile company, or U.S. Ecology Detroit South, one location of a waste treatment company. To follow up from the hearing, on December 8, 2022, the Subcommittee sent a letter to U.S. Ecology Detroit South and Stellantis, requesting information regarding health concerns stemming from toxic emissions at their facilities. F. Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties I. SPREAD OF WHITE SUPREMACY AND EXTREMIST IDEOLOGIES During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee continued its series of hearings on ``Confronting Violent White Supremacy,'' holding two hearings on the subject: ``Examining the Rise of Militia Extremism'' (Part V) on May 26, 2021, and ``Examining the Biden Administration's Counterterrorism Strategy'' (Part VI) on September 29, 2022. On May 26, 2021, in conjunction with the first of these two hearings, the Subcommittee sent a letter to DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas requesting information about how DHS evaluated the dangers associated with militia violent extremists prior to the January 6, 2021. The Subcommittee also sought information about how DHS combats violent extremism that arises at the intersection of racially motivated, anti-government, and militia violent extremists. DHS responded on March 16, 2022, explaining that it would designate such domestic violent extremism a ``National Priority Area'' and noting that the agency would allocate increased funding to respond to related threats. The Subcommittee held a briefing with DHS on September 28, 2022, addressing the reallocation of Targeted Violence and Terrorism Prevention Grant Program funding to address domestic terrorism threats posed by white supremacy. On December 12, 2022, the Subcommittee held the final hearing in this series, ``Confronting White Supremacy (Part VII): The Evolution of Anti-Democratic Extremist Groups and the Ongoing Threat to Democracy.'' In addition, on March 9, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to FBI Director Christopher Wray seeking a member-level briefing from the FBI on efforts to address the infiltration of federal, state, and local law enforcement by white supremacists and other extremists. On September 28, 2022, the Subcommittee received a briefing from DHS regarding the increased diversity in FY 2022 grant awards under the Targeted Violence and Terrorism Prevention program, including new funding streams to Historically Black Colleges and Universities. II. VOTING RIGHTS During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee worked closely with the full Committee on its oversight related to voting rights described above. In addition, the Subcommittee worked with the full Committee on investigations into audits of the 2020 presidential election conducted in Arizona and Otero County, New Mexico. On Thursday, July 29, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing on restrictive voting bills under consideration in Texas and how they related to nationwide voter suppression efforts fueled by baseless claims of widespread voter fraud. The Subcommittee heard from Texas lawmakers who fled the state in protest of the undemocratic nature of the proposed bills and the manner in which they were proceeding through the state legislature. The hearing focused on the need to pass comprehensive voting rights reforms in H.R. 1, the For the People Act, and H.R. 4, the John Lewis Voting Rights Act. On December 14, 2021, Chairman Jamie Raskin introduced legislation, H.R. 6283, the Get Foreign Money Out of U.S. Elections Act, limiting the manner in which monetary donations can be made to campaigns. III. FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AND CIVIL/LGBTQ+ RIGHTS In 2022, the Subcommittee held three hearings in a series, ``Free Speech Under Attack,'' addressing protected First Amendment speech and activities. Two hearings, held on April 7 and May 19, 2022, focused on book bans, curriculum gag orders, and attacks on the freedom of education and inquiry in schools across the nation. The book bans and curriculum gag orders predominantly focus on prohibiting topics related to race and the LGBTQ+ community. The Subcommittee heard from students, parents, teachers, administrators, and First Amendment experts to identify the manner in which race and sex-based discrimination is encroaching on public schools in the wake of an anti-Critical Race Theory Movement. On September 22, 2022, Chairman Raskin introduced legislation, H. Res. 1392, ``Recognizing `Banned Books Week' and the sweeping attacks on books in the United States Today . . . .'' The third hearing in the ``Free Speech Under Attack'' series, on September 14, 2022, focused on issues relating to the abuse of the legal system through the use of strategic lawsuits against public participation (``SLAPP'' lawsuits) to silence critics on powerful and moneyed interests, including the fossil fuel industry. On September 15, 2022, Chairman Raskin introduced legislation, H.R. 8864, the SLAPP Protection Act of 2022. On March 7, 2022, Chairman Raskin and Ranking Member Nancy Mace sent a letter to GAO Comptroller General Gene L. Dodaro requesting that GAO conduct a comprehensive review of the FBI's practice of surveilling Americans through activities it classifies as ``assessments.'' The review will determine the number of assessments opened against Americans in which racial, religious, ethnic, or political affiliation, or First Amendment-protected activity was the basis for opening the assessment. IV. EQUAL PROTECTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS On May 5, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing on property damage committed by fossil fuel companies during pipeline construction and their frequent failure to remediate such damage before pipelines go into use. The hearing also examined the inability of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to enforce federal pipeline regulations and penalize those that violate them. On January 13, 2022, in conjunction with the full Committee, Subcommittee Chairman Raskin sent a letter to FDA Acting Commissioner Janet Woodcock requesting a briefing from FDA regarding the three-month blanket deferral preventing gay and bisexual men from donating blood. V. DUE PROCESS IN THE IMMIGRATION SYSTEM During the 117th Congress, the Subcommittee continued investigations into violations of due process of individuals moving through the immigration system. On August 4, 2021, the Subcommittee sent a letter to DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas requesting a briefing, information, and documents related to CBP's potential misuse of its authority to take certain enforcement actions within the ``100-mile border zone'' on the northern border. The Subcommittee specifically requested information and documents on possible misconduct in Michigan related to enforcement activities against minority groups. On September 22, 2021, in conjunction with the full Committee, the Subcommittee also sent a letter to the Acting Commissioner of CBP, Troy A. Miller, requesting information on whether CBP agents were acting within agency policy in their treatment of Haitian immigrants seeking asylum on the southern border. VI. CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM POLICIES Since September 27, 2021, the Subcommittee has been working with the full Committee to examine the inhumane treatment of detainees held in Rikers Island jail in New York City, including the deaths of more than a dozen detainees in 2022. The Subcommittee has participated in briefings provided by New York City officials, including the Mayor's Office and the Board of Corrections. In coordination with the Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy, on October 14, 2021, the Subcommittee released a staff report detailing the health risks to humans from tear gas, and the lack of federal regulation surrounding the use of tear gas on humans. On December 8, 2021, the Subcommittee held a bipartisan hearing addressing the abuse of the civil asset forfeiture process by state law enforcement agencies that seize personal and real property through federal partnerships, including from individuals who have not been convicted of a crime. The Subcommittee urged passage of H.R. 2857, the Fifth Amendment Integrity Restoration Act, which was co-led by Chairman Raskin. On February 2, 2022, Chairman Raskin, along with Rep. Jimmy Gomez, sent a letter to Attorney General Merrick Garland and Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke, renewing a request to DOJ that went unanswered under the prior Administration. The Subcommittee again requested that the Department begin a civil rights investigation into organized gangs operating within the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, to run in parallel with the investigation being conducted by the state of California. The Subcommittee also held a hearing on March 3, 2022, addressing the epidemic of missing and murdered Black and Indigenous women and women of color (collectively, BIPOC women). The Subcommittee examined methods by which federal and state law enforcement can better coordinate to address the disparity between treatment of missing and murdered BIPOC women and girls and white women and girls. The Subcommittee worked closely with the full Committee in holding a hearing on March 19, 2022, with Administration officials to examine the federal law enforcement response to the wave of bomb threats made to Historically Black Colleges and Universities. On September 28, 2022, the Subcommittee received a briefing from DHS regarding the increased diversity in FY 2022 grant awards under the Targeted Violence and Terrorism Prevention program, including new funding streams to Historically Black Colleges and Universities. G. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis I. ROLE OF POLITICAL APPOINTEES IN PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE The Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis investigated the extent to which political appointees undermined the federal coronavirus response for political purposes during the first year of the pandemic. The Select Subcommittee's investigation began during the 116th Congress and was renewed and expanded upon during the 117th Congress. As part of this expanded investigation, the Select Subcommittee conducted transcribed interviews with 19 senior officials involved in executing the pandemic response, reviewed more than 200,000 pages of emails and other documents, and obtained relevant testimony at public hearings. On June 21, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released the first installment in a series of staff reports documenting its findings from this investigation. This report chronicled the Trump Administration's embrace of a strategy that called for increasing the spread of coronavirus among the general public before coronavirus vaccines were available. On June 22, 2022, the Select Subcommittee held a hearing with former White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator Dr. Deborah Birx, during which she testified that the embrace of this strategy by the prior White House undermined the federal coronavirus response. On August 24, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released a second report from its investigation, which revealed new evidence of the Trump Administration's efforts to influence FDA's scientific decision-making on the coronavirus, including decisions regarding coronavirus treatments and vaccines. As part of its report, the Select Subcommittee released an interview transcript from former FDA Commissioner Dr. Stephen Hahn, who confirmed that he was subjected to pressure by White House officials while leading FDA during the first year of the pandemic, including pressure to reauthorize hydroxychloroquine as a coronavirus treatment after FDA revoked its prior authorization for the drug due to its inefficacy and potential safety issues. On October 17, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released a third report from its investigation, detailing how the prior Administration interfered with CDC's coronavirus response. The report contains documentary evidence and statements from multiple CDC officials showing that senior officials in the Trump Administration blocked CDC from telling Americans the truth about the pandemic, directed CDC to make changes to its coronavirus guidance that did not advance public health interests, used CDC's public health authorities for political purposes, and suppressed accurate CDC reports to downplay the seriousness of the pandemic. II. DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORONAVIRUS VACCINES Vaccine Development. On April 19, 2021, the Select Subcommittee and the full Committee opened a joint investigation into Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.'s (Emergent) receipt of more than $600 million dollars in federal contracts to manufacture coronavirus vaccines following reports of contamination and problems with quality control. On May 19, 2021, the Committees released preliminary findings from their investigation, detailing how Emergent failed to promptly and fully remediate serious deficiencies in its performance on taxpayer-funded contracts, resulting in the destruction of millions of Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccines. That same day, the Select Subcommittee held a hearing with Emergent's Chairman and CEO and Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Committees expanded the investigation on June 22, 2021, to fully understand the problems plaguing Emergent's manufacturing facility and the impact they had on the availability of Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca vaccines. During this investigation, Committee staff conducted bipartisan briefings with and obtained documents from Emergent, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, FDA, and HHS; conducted a staff site visit to Emergent's facility in Baltimore, Maryland; and conducted a transcribed interview with former HHS Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response Dr. Robert Kadlec. On November 1, 2021, HHS terminated its agreement with Emergent because the company failed to follow federal manufacturing standards, saving taxpayers more than $320 million. On May 10, 2022, the Committees released a staff report revealing that Emergent senior executives had promoted the company's manufacturing capabilities despite being warned of and privately acknowledging severe deficiencies within the company's quality control systems. Documents obtained by the Committees also revealed that Emergent employees attempted to hide evidence of vaccine contamination from FDA inspectors, and that inexperienced staff and high staff turnover contributed to the extensive contamination at the facility. On August 11, 2022, the Committees released further evidence revealing that over 525 million coronavirus vaccine doses were ultimately wasted due to Emergent's failure to meet or maintain quality standards, as required by its federal contracts. Emergent's failures wasted hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars and impacted our country's ability to meet the urgent, global need for coronavirus vaccines. Vaccine Distribution. The Select Subcommittee also investigated One Medical's administration of coronavirus vaccinations after public reporting indicated that the company disregarded vaccination prioritization guidelines and diverted vaccines away from vulnerable populations to benefit VIP clients and friends and family members of One Medical's executives. On December 21, 2021, the Select Subcommittee released a staff memorandum demonstrating how many health care providers took advantage of access to coronavirus vaccines to benefit their own business and personal interests, did not adequately monitor patients signing up for and receiving vaccinations to ensure their eligibility under prioritization guidelines, and failed to administer coronavirus vaccines equitably during the early vaccine rollout. This conduct undermined public health priorities and diverted scarce doses away from vulnerable seniors, health care providers, and other frontline workers who struggled to get vaccinated in the early months of 2021. The Select Subcommittee also investigated reports that Florida Governor Ron DeSantis failed to pre-order coronavirus vaccines for children under five, making it the only state to do so. On June 29, 2022, the Select Subcommittee held a staff briefing with Florida Surgeon General Dr. Joseph Ladapo and other representatives of the Florida Department of Health. The Select Subcommittee released findings showing that Florida intentionally failed to pre-order vaccines for young children by the federal deadline and blocked pediatricians and other health care providers from placing their own orders through the state's vaccine ordering system. III. DISTRIBUTION OF CRITICAL SUPPLIES The Select Subcommittee investigated federal contracts awarded to Federal Government Experts, LLC (FGE) after the company failed to provide critical PPE to the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Federal Emergency Management Agency during the early months of the coronavirus crisis. This investigation was renewed on March 18, 2021, after originally being opened during the 116th Congress. On June 17, 2021, the Select Subcommittee released a staff memorandum detailing how FGE president and owner Robert Stewart used a fraudulent scheme to secure $38.7 million in federal contracts to purportedly supply the federal government with millions of N95 masks at inflated prices, when, in actuality, he had none and no realistic plan to obtain any. Evidence obtained by the Select Subcommittee also revealed how federal procurement officials failed to perform adequate due diligence prior to awarding the contracts, despite clear red flags. The Select Subcommittee's investigation illustrated how skyrocketing demand for PPE, as well as the lack of a coordinated national strategy to alleviate supply shortages, forced federal agencies to enter risky contracts with unproven suppliers and pay above-market prices to compete for limited, critical supplies on the open market. These factors substantially increased the risk of waste, fraud, and abuse of taxpayer resources, and wasted valuable time federal officials could have spent working with other suppliers in the crucial early weeks of the pandemic. IV. IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON NURSING HOMES The Select Subcommittee continued its investigation into the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on nursing home residents and staff. This investigation began in the 116th Congress following reports of disproportionate coronavirus infections and deaths at nursing homes. The Select Subcommittee's original investigation requested documents and information from five for-profit nursing home chains concerning coronavirus infections and deaths, infection control and prevention measures, staffing and pay data, and other relevant issues. On July 22, 2022, the Select Subcommittee sent additional document and information requests to the companies, seeking updated information concerning coronavirus infections and deaths, staffing and pay data, infection prevention and control measures, and vaccination rates. On September 20, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released findings from its investigation illustrating the harsh conditions at for-profit nursing homes during the early months of the pandemic, and the complex corporate structures that may allow for-profit nursing homes to evade oversight and accountability. The Select Subcommittee also held a hearing on September 20, 2022, examining the difficulties posed by the coronavirus in nursing homes and underscoring the need for reforms to protect nursing home resident and staff from future pandemics. On December 9, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released, as part of its final report, additional findings from its investigation into the impact of the coronavirus crisis on nursing home residents and staff at five for-profit nursing home chains. Data obtained by the Select Subcommittee revealed that, as of June 2022, there had been a total of 81,775 coronavirus infections and 10,362 deaths among residents and 67,140 infections and 118 deaths among staff across these five companies. The five companies investigated were the largest for-profit nursing home chains in the U.S. at the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. They had collectively operated over 850 skilled nursing facilities and were charged with caring for 80,000 residents around the country at the time the investigation began in June 2020. The Select Subcommittee also released findings on how staffing practices, wages and benefits, and administration of vaccinations and boosters impacted nursing home residents and staff at the five investigated companies throughout the pandemic. The Select Subcommittee's analysis of data from these facilities found that the five companies have each had significant staffing deficiencies throughout the course of the pandemic, have often provided low wages and poor benefits to their front-line workers, and continue to lag in coronavirus booster vaccination rates, despite having initially robust primary series vaccination rates. V. FEDERAL LENDING PROGRAMS The Select Subcommittee conducted a number of investigations into federal lending programs designed to respond to the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) Program. The Select Subcommittee continued its investigation into the COVID-19 EIDL program, which initially opened during the 116th Congress in July 2020. The Select Subcommittee renewed its document requests and sought further information from the three contractors the Small Business Administration had engaged to assist in implementing the EIDL program, which disbursed $378 billion in loans and grants for American businesses harmed by the coronavirus crisis. On February 11, 2021, the Select Subcommittee, in conjunction with the Committee on Small Business under Chairwoman Nydia Velazquez, sent letters to SBA contractors and subcontractors RER Solutions, Rocket Loans, and Rapid Finance seeking documents and information about their role in implementing EIDL program fraud controls and the cost of the services they provided. On May 11, 2021, and July 14, 2021, the Select Subcommittee and the Committee on Small Business sent letters to SBA requesting documents and information concerning fraud controls and policies in the EIDL program and the use of contractors to implement the program. As a part of its investigation, the Select Subcommittee received and reviewed 17,000 pages of documents responsive to its requests. The Select Subcommittee also held two briefings with SBA contractors RER and Rapid Finance, four briefings with SBA, and a March 22, 2021, hearing that included testimony from SBA Inspector General regarding fraud committed against the EIDL program. On June 14, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released a report detailing the Trump Administration's failure to implement basic fraud controls to protect the EIDL program and its decision to rely on a small contractor, RER, that received a windfall $750 million contract while relying on a subcontractor for nearly all the work required. CARES Act National Security Loan Program. On June 3, 2021, the Select Subcommittee initiated an investigation of the Trump Administration's implementation of the CARES Act national security loan program, in which 95% of funds disbursed went to the trucking company Yellow Corporation (Yellow). The program was authorized by the CARES Act and was intended to provide ``liquidity'' to companies that were ``critical to maintaining national security'' related to ``losses incurred as a result of the coronavirus'' crisis. Following reports that called into question Yellow's eligibility for and use of the loan funds, the Select Subcommittee requested documents and information from Yellow, the Department of the Treasury (Treasury), DOD, and Crowley Logistics, a major DOD transportation contractor that subcontracted shipments to Yellow. On October 5, 2021, following the receipt of records indicating Trump White House involvement, the Select Subcommittee requested presidential records from the Trump Administration at NARA. As a part of its investigation, the Select Subcommittee received and reviewed approximately 12,000 pages of documents responsive to its requests. The Select Subcommittee also interviewed the Trump Administration Treasury official who led negotiations with Yellow and a senior career DOD official involved in evaluating whether Yellow was critical to national security. The Select Subcommittee released findings from its investigation on April 27, 2022. The Select Subcommittee found that Trump Administration political appointees, with the apparent involvement of the Trump White House, certified that Yellow was eligible for a national security loan despite the assessment of career DOD officials that the company should not be certified as eligible for a national security loan. The Select Subcommittee further found that the Trump Administration made the loans on terms that violated the CARES Act's interest rate, risk, and use of funds requirements. The Select Subcommittee referred potential misrepresentations made by Yellow to the Department of Treasury's OIG, which referred the matter to the Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery for further investigation. Paycheck Protection Program. On May 27, 2021, the Select Subcommittee launched an investigation into the role financial technology companies (FinTechs) played in facilitating fraud against the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). This investigation followed reports, independent analyses, and prosecution records showing that FinTech lenders and companies processed a disproportionately large share of the fraudulent publicly funded loans made under PPP while receiving hundreds of millions of dollars in fees. These reports also suggested some FinTechs may have approved loan applications with little to no scrutiny or due diligence. The Select Subcommittee's investigation commenced with letters requesting documents and information from FinTech companies Kabbage, Inc. and BlueVine, as well as Cross River and Celtic banks, which partnered with FinTechs in approving hundreds of thousands of PPP loans totaling nearly $10 billion. On November 22, 2021, the Select Subcommittee expanded its investigation and requested additional information and documents from the FinTechs Blue Acorn PPP, LLC and Womply, Inc. As a part of this investigation, the Select Subcommittee received and reviewed thousands of pages of documents and conducted numerous briefings and meetings with FinTech and lender representatives and Small Business Administration (SBA) employees. On December 1, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released a staff report on the role of FinTechs in facilitating PPP loans. The report identified significant vulnerabilities in the government's reliance on unvetted, underregulated private- sector companies to implement the program. The Select Subcommittee's investigation found that FinTechs were given extraordinary responsibility in administering the nation's largest pandemic relief program, as certain SBA lenders heavily delegated applicant screening to companies that claimed to employ effective and innovative fraud control technology. The investigation determined that the PPP lacked sufficient incentives for FinTechs to implement strong fraud prevention controls. At least three of the four FinTechs investigated by the Select Subcommittee appear to have ignored clear red flags and failed to stop preventable fraud, leading to the needless loss of taxpayer dollars. The investigation found that several FinTechs, largely existing outside of the regulatory structure governing traditional financial institutions and with little to no oversight, took billions in fees from taxpayers while becoming easy targets for those who sought to defraud the PPP. These companies also appear to have abused their positions of public trust to benefit themselves and their executives. VI. CORONAVIRUS PROTECTIONS FOR MEATPACKING WORKERS On February 1, 2021, the Select Subcommittee initiated an investigation of the conditions faced by meatpacking workers during the coronavirus crisis and the Trump Administration's response to coronavirus infection risks in meatpacking facilities. The investigation followed reports that meatpacking workers were particularly vulnerable during the crisis as meatpacking plants had dozens of significant coronavirus outbreaks early in the pandemic. The Select Subcommittee requested documents and information from the large meatpacking firms JBS, Tyson Foods, and Smithfield Foods, as well as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). On September 15, 2021, the Select Subcommittee expanded its investigation with letters to the large meatpacking companies National Beef and Cargill. As a part of its meatpacking investigation, the Select Subcommittee received and reviewed more than 151,000 pages of documents responsive to its requests. The Select Subcommittee also held briefings with OSHA and the USDA and conducted more than a dozen background calls with meatpacking workers, union representatives, former OSHA and USDA officials, and state and local health authorities. On October 17, 2021, the Select Subcommittee released a staff report showing the numbers of coronavirus infections and deaths of meatpacking workers during the crisis were significantly higher than previously reported. The Select Subcommittee held a hearing that same day on the meatpacking industry's failure to adequately protect workers during the coronavirus crisis. On May 12, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released a staff report detailing findings that the meatpacking industry was aware of the undue coronavirus risks faced by its workers and that the industry coordinated with Trump Administration political appointees to keep workers on the job without adequate coronavirus mitigation measures. VII. FARMERS TO FAMILIES FOOD BOX PROGRAM The Select Subcommittee continued its investigation into the Farmers to Families Food Box program (Food Box), which began during the 116th Congress. The Select Subcommittee originally requested documents and information from USDA and significant Food Box contractors on August 24, 2020, following reports that USDA had awarded the contracts to implement the program to inexperienced companies that had failed to perform adequately. During its investigation, the Select Subcommittee conducted an intensive review of three of the contractors that received among the largest contract awards in the Food Box program's first round, Yegg, Inc., Ben Holtz Consulting, and CRE8AD8, to examine the design and implementation of the Food Box program. The Select Subcommittee held briefings or interviews with representatives of USDA, Yegg, and CRE8AD8; surveyed representatives of 18 organizations that interacted with the Food Box contractors; and received and reviewed thousands of pages of documents. On October 13, 2021, the Select Subcommittee released a staff report detailing the findings of its investigation of the Food Box program. The report found that, in 2020, the USDA awarded contracts to carry out the Food Box program worth tens of millions of dollars to unqualified companies that appeared to lack the capacity to adequately distribute food. USDA also failed to adequately monitor contract performance to detect possible fraud. The report also found that USDA allowed the unqualified contractors to profit excessively, and that Trump Administration officials manipulated the program for political advantage by requiring vendors to include a signed letter from the President in distributed boxes and connecting it to the Republican National Convention. VIII. PROTECTING HOMEOWNERS AND RENTERS DURING THE PANDEMIC The Select Subcommittee conducted investigations and hearings to ensure that federal efforts to keep people in their homes during the crisis were successful and that pandemic protections were not violated. On July 19, 2021, the Select Subcommittee launched an investigation of four large, corporate landlords that had reportedly filed to evict tenants at high rates during the pandemic, despite CDC's eviction moratorium and Congress's appropriation of tens of billions of dollars in emergency rental assistance. The Select Subcommittee requested information and documents from Pretium Partners, Invitation Homes, the Siegel Group, and Ventron Management. On July 17, 2021, the Select Subcommittee held a hearing on the effectiveness of federally funded rental assistance programs and abuses by large landlords during the pandemic. On August 30, 2021, the Select Subcommittee sent letters to state governments that had been slowest to distribute federal emergency rental assistance, requesting information on their plans for improvement and urging them to expedite the delivery of aid. During its investigation of corporate landlords' pandemic eviction practices, the Select Subcommittee obtained and reviewed more than 50,000 pages of responsive documents and held four briefings or meetings with company employees. On July 28, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released a staff report detailing findings from the investigation. The Select Subcommittee found that the four corporate landlords had filed nearly three times as many evictions during the first three months of the pandemic than was previously known. The investigation further found that the companies had policies or practices of filing to evict tenants with pending rental assistance applications, and that two companies used very low thresholds of rent owed before filing pandemic eviction actions. The investigation also found that Invitation Homes downplayed the impact of its eviction filings to its major government-backed creditor, and that the Siegel Group used harassment tactics and deception to try to force tenants from their homes. The Select Subcommittee referred its findings for further inquiry and potential enforcement action to appropriate entities, including the Federal Trade Commission and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. VI. SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES AND ACTIONS In addition to topics and matters referenced in the Committee's Oversight Plan, the Committee engaged in the following oversight activities and actions during the 117th Congress. A. Additional Oversight and Investigations of the Full Committee and Standing Subcommittees I. WAR IN UKRAINE In early 2022, Russian forces began to amass along Ukraine's eastern border. On February 16, 2022, the Subcommittee on National Security held a hearing to examine Russia's destabilizing activity in Eastern Europe, including its buildup of approximately 130,000 troops along Ukraine's borders. On February 24, 2022, Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine. On March 8, 2022, the Committee on Oversight and Reform held a briefing with former U.S. and Ukrainian government officials about Vladimir Putin's unprovoked and unjustified invasion of Ukraine. Later that month, the Subcommittee on National Security led a bipartisan congressional delegation to Poland, Romania, Moldova, and Austria to observe the humanitarian impacts of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and to demonstrate the United States' unwavering support for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance and the people of Ukraine. On May 18, 2022, the Committee on Oversight and Reform held a classified briefing with representatives from DOD, the Department of State, and the U.S. Agency for International Development to receive an update on the status of the war in Ukraine and U.S. and allied efforts to support Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. On June 7, 2022, the Subcommittee on National Security held a hearing to examine the humanitarian crisis resulting from Russia's unprovoked war against Ukraine and the efforts of international aid organizations to deliver urgently needed assistance to support civilians affected by the conflict. On September 21, 2022, the Subcommittee on National Security held a hearing to examine how Russia has used private military companies to foment and exploit instability and conflict in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa, as well as how the United States and the international community can hold these organizations accountable for the war crimes, atrocities, and other illegal activities they have carried out on behalf of the Kremlin. II. MONKEYPOX On July 20, 2022, in response to rising monkeypox case counts, the Chairwoman wrote to HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra to urge swift action to ensure that vaccines, testing, and treatment were available to all people, including people with monkeypox symptoms or suspected exposure. On July 29, 2022, the Chairwoman wrote again to HHS Secretary Becerra, urging him to declare a public health emergency in response to the ongoing monkeypox outbreak and rising case counts across the country. On August 4, 2022, the Biden Administration declared the monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency. On August 10, 2022, the Chairwoman wrote to HHS Secretary Becerra to commend the Administration's declaration of a public health emergency in response to the monkeypox outbreak and to urge the Department to take all steps necessary to ensure that patients and providers could easily access monkeypox treatment--including any steps required to evaluate a potential emergency use authorization for TPOXX to treat monkeypox. B. Additional Oversight Activities of the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis I. WORKFORCE INEQUITIES On December 13, 2021, the Select Subcommittee initiated an investigation of the pandemic's impact on the U.S. workforce by sending requests to 12 major companies that had reportedly laid off at least 1,000 workers during the crisis: AT&T, Berkshire Hathaway, Boeing, Chevron, Cisco, Citigroup, Comcast, ExxonMobil, Oracle, Salesforce, Walmart, and the Walt Disney Company. The Select Subcommittee's investigation followed reports indicating that women and low-wage workers were disproportionately impacted by the economic crisis that followed the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. The Select Subcommittee collected data on seven key employment outcomes-- furloughs, layoffs, terminations/firings, voluntary departures, hourly wage and salary reductions, hourly wage and salary increases, and promotions. During its investigation, the Select Subcommittee developed a unique and innovative methodology for analyzing the significant quantity of data obtained from these companies and used the data to reach its findings. The Select Subcommittee also held briefings with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs. On October 25, 2022, the Select Subcommittee released a report detailing its findings from the investigation. The Select Subcommittee found a number of inequities across numerous dimensions. Hourly employees were more likely to quit or be fired and less likely to be promoted than salaried workers, and these inequities were compounded by racial, ethnic and gender inequities. Workers without access to paid sick leave quit at much higher rates than workers with paid sick leave, while workers that had access to and used family and caregiving leave had better employment outcomes than workers that did not. Older workers were laid off at higher rates than younger workers. Further, the Select Subcommittee found that most companies were not collecting comprehensive data on their workers' benefits, sexual orientation, or gender identity. C. Official Travel/Delegations The Subcommittee on National Security led a congressional delegation (CODEL) to Poland, Romania, Moldova, and Austria from March 18 to March 24, 2022. The delegation travelled to the region to observe the humanitarian impacts of Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine and to demonstrate the United States' unwavering support for NATO alliance and the people of Ukraine. The Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis led a bipartisan staff delegation on August 1, 2022, to the CDC in Atlanta as part of its oversight of the CDC's response to the coronavirus pandemic. Bipartisan staff toured the CDC campus, including laboratory facilities, and met with CDC officials to obtain information on CDC's coronavirus response practices, data modernization initiative, and preparedness for public health emergencies. D. State and District Level Reports In the 117th Congress, the Committee issued 444 state and district level staff reports for Members of the House. These reports covered the following: Inflation Reduction Act (IRA): Committee Staff issued two sets of District-level reports to every member of the Democratic caucus (two sets of 222 reports) on the anticipated benefits of the IRA. The first set of reports described how the legislation would help make health insurance more affordable for constituents, including by reducing premiums. The second set of reports described how the IRA would make prescription drugs more affordable for constituents. Both reports included multiple examples illustrating savings for constituents. Committee staff also issued a national report on the IRA's anticipated benefits. This report used the underlying data gathered for the District-level reports, and included a national-level summary of the IRA's benefits of reducing both prescription drug costs and health insurance premiums. VII. HEARINGS HELD PURSUANT TO PURSUANT TO CLAUSE 2(N) OF HOUSE RULE XI Under House Rule XI clause 2(n): (1) Each standing committee, or a subcommittee thereof, shall hold at least one hearing during each 120-day period following the establishment of the committee on the topic of waste, fraud, abuse, or mismanagement in Government programs which that committee may authorize. (2) A hearing described in subparagraph (1) shall include a focus on the most egregious instances of waste, fraud, abuse, or mismanagement as documented by any report the committee has received from a Federal Office of the Inspector General or the Comptroller General of the United States. During the 117th Congress, the Committee held the following hearings pursuant to this requirement (see Section II, above, for witnesses): Hearing on ``Legislative Proposals to Put the Postal Service on Sustainable Financial Footing'' (February 24, 2021). Hearing on ``The 2021 GAO High-Risk List: Blueprint for a Safer, Stronger, More Effective America'' (March 2, 2021). Hearing on ``The Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's 2021 High-Risk List'' (March 16, 2021). Hearing on ``Rooting Out Fraud in Small Business Relief Programs'' (March 25, 2021). Hearing on ``Restoring Independence: Rebuilding the Federal Offices of Inspectors General'' (April 20, 2021). Hearing on ``Examining Emergent BioSolutions'' Failure to Protect Public Health and Public Funds'' (May 19, 2021). Hearing on ``Defending the U.S. Electric Grid Against Cyber Threats'' (July 27, 2021). Hearing on ``FITARA 12.0'' (July 28, 2021). Full Committee Hearing on ``Hurricane Ida and Beyond: Readiness, Recovery, and Resilience'' (October 5, 2021). Hearing on ``Waiting on the Mail: Postal Service Standard Drops in Chicago and the Surrounding Area'' (October 15, 2021). Hearing on ``Cracking Down on Ransomware: Strategies for Disrupting Criminal Hackers and Building Resilience Against Cyber Threats'' (November 16, 2021). Hearing on ``Cybersecurity for the New Frontier: Reforming the Federal Information Security Modernization Act'' (January 11, 2022). Full Committee Hearing on ``Price Gouging in Military Contracts: New Inspector General Report Exposes Excess Profit Obtained by TransDigm Group'' (January 19, 2022). Hearing on ``FITARA 13.0'' (January 20, 2022). Hearing on ``Waiting on the Mail: Postal Service Standard Drops in Baltimore and the Surrounding Area'' (February 14, 2022). Hearing on ``From Recession to Recovery: Examining the Impact of the American Rescue Plan's State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds'' (March 1, 2022). Hearing on ``Follow the Money: Tackling Improper Payments'' (March 31, 2022). Hearing on ``It's Electric: Developing the Postal Service Fleet of the Future'' (April 5, 2022). Hearing on ``IRS: Is It Ready?'' (April 21, 2022). Hearing on ``Ensuring Scientific Integrity at Our Nation's Public Health Agencies'' (April 29, 2022). Hearing on ``Technology Modernization Fund: Rewriting Our IT Legacy'' (May 25, 2022). Hearing on ``Restoring Independence: Rebuilding the Federal Offices of Inspector General'' (April 20, 2022). Hearing on ``Examining Federal Efforts to Prevent, Detect, and Prosecute Pandemic Relief Fraud to Safeguard Funds for All Eligible Americans'' (June 14, 2022). Hearing on ``FITARA 14.0'' (July 28, 2022). Hearing on ``Delivering for Pennsylvania: Examining Postal Service Delivery and Operations from the Cradle of Liberty'' (September 7, 2022). Hearing on ``Project Federal Information Technology: Make IT Work'' (September 16, 2022). Hearing on ``The Holiday Rush: Is the Postal Service Ready?'' (November 16, 2022). Hearing on ``FITARA 15.0'' (December 15, 2022). VIII. HEARINGS HELD PURSUANT TO PURSUANT TO CLAUSE (P) OF HOUSE RULE XI Under House Rule XI clause 2(p): Each standing committee, or a subcommittee thereof, shall hold at least one hearing on issues raised by reports issued by the Comptroller General of the United States indicating that Federal programs or operations that the committee may authorize are at high risk for waste, fraud, and mismanagement, known as the ``high- risk list'' or the ``high-risk series.'' During the 117th Congress, the Committee held the following hearings pursuant to this requirement (see Section II, above, for witnesses): Hearing on ``Revitalizing the Federal Workforce'' (February 23, 2021). Hearing on ``The Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's 2021 High-Risk List'' (March 16, 2021). Hearing on ``FITARA 12.0'' (July 28, 2021). Hearing on ``The Future of Federal Work'' (December 1, 2021). Hearing on ``FITARA 13.0'' (January 20, 2022). Hearing on ``Follow the Money: Tackling Improper Payments'' (March 31, 2022). Hearing on ``Technology Modernization Fund: Rewriting Our IT Legacy'' (May 25, 2022). Hearing on ``The Future of Federal Work II'' (July 21, 2022). Hearing on ``FITARA 14.0'' (July 28, 2022). Hearing on ``Project Federal Information Technology: Make IT Work'' (September 16, 2022). Hearing on ``FITARA 15.0'' (December 15, 2022). [all]