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CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MAUI COUNTY Cvc MLLECHM Lim 46, COUNTY OF MAUI DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING DU WAILUKU, HAWAII 628 MAY# 1984 M3 M38 1984 T- omf Cover: Design by Muffy Mitchell photograph on cover: Grinding stone surfaces, Ke-one-Vio, Maui b @@ I @ Y @- i@( 0 F CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MAUI COUNTY The preparation of t was financed in part by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, fFlan administered by the ice of ocean and Coastal Resource Man ement, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce, througE the Department of Planning and Economic Development, State of Hawaii. COUNTY OF MAUI DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING WAILUKU, HAWAII MAY, 1984 D V-6 Z@,, M @ /0 CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MAUI COUNTY Table of Contents A. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 State Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 County Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I B. Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 C. Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Early surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Hawaii Register of Historic Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2. Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Field Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Chronological History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Religious History of Maui County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Stone construction in Maui County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Place Names of Maui County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. Cultural Resources Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Present Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Proposed Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 E. Preservation, Interpretation, and Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Identification of Priority Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Project proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Recommendations . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MAUI COUNTY A. BACKGROUND: In the past Maui County's attention to cultural resources was devoted primarily to the County's three historic districts, two in Lahaina and one in Wailuku, with the greatest activity being in 'Lahaina due to its dominant business character. The historic districts have been administered since 1962 by the Maui County Historic Commission whose affairs are coordinated by the staff of the County Planning Department. With funding from the Coastal Zone Management Program the Planning Department is able to address itself in a more comprehensive manner to Maui's rich heritage of archaeological and historical sites which are the visual remnants of a vital past. Additional impetus for a study of Maui County's cultural resources came about during the Community Plan formulation process initiated in 1980 with the final adoption phase by the County Council now in progress. By incorporating cultural resources as part of the planning process, the Planning Department is expanding its role in historic preservation. The subject management Plan will provide a framework in which the significant sites, objects, and structures of the past are recorded and protected in order to insure that the future generations have a richness of heritage based upon an understanding of history. With the rapid rate of growth on Maui in the past decade, many historical sites have been lost to development. It is important in this time of increased expansion that our archaeological and historical sites do not needlessly fall prey to development. Developments such as Wailea, Seibu, and Kapalua have accommodated archaeological sites within their projects to demonstrate that historical preservation and growth can be compatible. Historic preservation does not intend to retard progress, rather its goal is to insure that our social and cultural heritage is not destroyed by rapid and uncontrolled change. Legislation aimed at this goal,has been adopted by both the Hawaii State Legislature and the Maui County Council. The State Constitution recognizes the need for historic preservation for the welfare of the public. The legislative basis for the State's historic preservation program is found in Chapter 6E of the Hawaii Revised Statues MRS), 1976: The historic and cultural heritage of the State is among its important assets and rapid social and economic development of contemporary society threaten to destroy the remaining vestiges of this heritage. It is in the public interest to engage in a comprehensive program of historic preservation at all levels of government ...... to promote the use and conservation of such property for the education, inspiration, pleasure, and enrichment of its citizens. (emphasis added) (Section 6E-1, H RS) On May 21, 1962 the County of Maui adopted Ordinance No. 320 Bill No. 14, creating Historic District No. 1 in Lahaina. Historic District No. 2 in Lahaina and Historic District No. 3 in Wailuku were established in 1967 and 1970, respectively. Provisions for these historic districts are contained in Article I I I of the Maui County Code, 1980, Chapter 19.48, Sections 10-60. -1- The purpose of the historic districts is established in Section 10. The ordinance codified in this article shall be known and may be citied as the "Maui County Historic Districts Ordinance." In order to promote the economic, cultural and general wel- fare of the people of the county and to insure the harmonious, orderly and efficient growth and development of the county, it is deemed essential by the county council that the qualities relating to the history and culture of the coLmty be preserved, thereby creating attractions for visitors and residents alike. L r sw-- V Lahaina Historic District Lahaina, Maui William Madeiros In 1972 the Bishop Museum published Endangered Hawaiian Archaeological Sites in Maui County. The study was contracted by Maui County under Mayor Elmer Cravalho to determine developmental threats on known sites. The report surveyed various parcels tagged for development and made recommendations for further study of certain areas. The recommendations have not been fully implemented. -2- The General Plan of the County of Maui adopted in 1980, relates to historic preservation in the following sections: 1. 1. Population, Land Use and the Environment B. Land Use Objectives and Policies Objective 3 "To preserve existing geographic, cultural and traditional lifestyles through careful and effective use of land" (page 2) Policy 4 "Preserve significant historic sites." (page 2) 2. V. Human Services A. Recreation and Culture Objective 2 "To provide a wide range of recreational and cultural opportunities to all of our people." (page 8) Policy 5 "Foster an increased awareness of the ethnic and cultural heritage of our people." (page 9) Policy 6 "Encourage the identification, restoration and preservation of important archaeo- logical, historical and cultural sites." (page 9) 3. C. Education Objective 1 "To provide our people with educational opportunities which can help them better understand themselves and their surroundings and help them realize their ambitions." Policy 4 "Encourage the development of a wide range of informal educational and cultural programs for people of all ages." (page 9) 4. VII. Kahoolawe and Molokai A. Kahoolawe Objective 2 "To protect the island from further desecration." Policy 3 "Encourage immediate programs for restoration, preservation and revegetation activities." (page 11) -3- Ordinance No. 1052, Bill 68 adopting the General Plan of the County of Maui, calls for the "identification of areas, sites and structures recognized as having historical or archaeological significance." (see: Section 9-3.1-d-7, Community Plans) The legislative framework for protection of historic sites and educative programs to better understand these remnants of the past has been clearly established. However, minimal programs to implement the legislative framework have been established to insure that these significant parts of our history are not destroyed. It is the goal of this management plan to provide a basis for imple- mentation so that Maui County begins to safeguard its history in a comprehensive manner. B. OBJECTIVES: The major objectives of the Maui County Cultural Resources Management Program are: 1. Development of a framework that can be used to guide public decision making with respect to the preservation and restoration of historic cultural resources. 2. Preparation of procedural and policy recommendations regarding the performance of the county's review responsibilities with respect to cultural resources. 3. Preparation of an inventory of Maui County's historical and archaeological sites. 4. Delineation of areas and resources that are of critical importance and for which protection is required. 5. Expand resource repository capabilities to create a comprehensive Countywide historical and archaeological information center. 6. Computerize the inventory of historic and archaeological proper-ties to establish an effi- cient information retrieval system for use by various agencies in permit processing. C. IMPLEMENTATION: In order to construct a basic framework for a cultural resources management program the following studies and programs have been initiated: 1. The identification of significant sites within the county based on previous surveys and field work as well as new information provided by public input. 2. The creation of maps identifying these significant sites to be used as a planning tool to determine the location of historically sensitive areas. 3. The conducting of field checks to determine the status of individual sites. 4. The compilation of a chronological history of Maui County to determine the events, people and cultural patterns that have contributed to the historical development of the County. 5. The conducting of an on-going program to define place names of Maui County in order to determine the historical background for various localities. 6. The evaluation of the County's present system of managing its cultural resources and the suggestion of ways to improve these procedures or suggests alternative methods of review. 7. The identification of types of physical remains that must be preserved, the scientific research that must be undertaken, and the interpretive programs that must be initiated. -4- D. IMPLEMENTATION STUDIES AND PROGRAMS (A SYNOPSIS) 1. INVENTORY: Numerous surveys have been conducted to locate and analyze Maui County's archaeological and historical sites. Major surveys for Maui island include a 1909 survey of heiau by Thomas G. Thrum and others for the Hawaiian Almanac and Annual. A revised list of sites compiled in 1921 identifies one hundred and twenty-one (121) heiau although other sources estimate the total sites surveyed as one hundred and thirty-eight (138). In 1931 Winslow Walker conducted an all island survey of two hundred and sixty-six (266) heiau. Major surveys for Moloka'i include a 1909 heiau survey by the Bishop Museum's J.F.G. Stokes. In 1971 Catherine Summer's island-Wide survey of archaeological sites located approximately one hundred (100) sites including ko'a, burials, fishponds, adze sites, etc. as well as heiau. L:5-na'i's archaeological past was surveyed in 1921 by Kenneth Emory and major work on Ka- ho'olawe was conducted in.1933 by J. Gilbert Mc Allister. The Archaeology of Kahoolawe (McAllister, 1933) covers the findings of his field survey in February 1931 and the study of the material collected years before at a fishermen's shelter and shrine by J. F. G. Stokes in 1913. Mr. John R. Porteus discovered an important site overlooked by McAllister, on the summit of Moaula in 1939. In 1978 the state of Hawaii and the Navy signed a Memorandum of Understanding which agreed to conduct archaeological surveys of the island. From 1976 to 1980 the Navy conducted intensive surveys of the island's archaeological sites spending more than $600,000.00. Two thousand three hundred thirty-seven (2,337) archaeological features within five hundred forty-four (544) sites have been recorded. As required by the Consent Decree signed by the U.S. Navy and the Protect Kaho'olawe Ohana in 1980, a management plan for site protection is being developed. The archaeological sites for Kaho'olawe will be incorporated in Maui County's management plan. Between 1972 and 1974 the State of Hawaii conducted a major survey of Maui, Moloka'i and L:a--na'i for the Hawaii Register of Historic Places. Sites included architecturally significant sites as well as archaeological and historical sites. On Maui, four hundred twenty-nine (429) archaeological sites were surveyed, one hundred ninety-six (196) of which were reported as destroyed or unlocated. Of the two hundred and forty (240) archaeological sites surveyed for Moloka'i, one hundred twenty- five (125) were designated as destroyed or unlocated. L75-na'i's archaeological sites included one hundred and forty-one (141) sites, of which eighty-six (86) were destroyed or unlocated. Recent survey work on Kaho'olawe was conducted by the U. S. Navy. Five hundred forty-four (544) individual sites were recorded. Although the State survey was the most comprehensive report to date it was based on the Thrum and Walker earlier works (for the island of Maui) which stressed major archaeological structures such as heiau only. The recent archaeological trend away from artifacts and towards settle- -5- ment patterns is not reflected in this survey. Robert Hommon, archaeologist, suggests that for every site recorded there exists twenty others that are not discovered. It is likely that his statement is exaggerated in light of the known destruction of many sites. It does, however, illustrate the number of known sites to those that have not been located. . ......... .. X@. V- 1,7 i4"P'k Ar A WOO, Pandat Hanamanios Mokena, M&ul Muffy Mitchell Of the total of sites inventoried for the. State Register only twenty-six (26) sites for Maui and fifty-two (52) sites.for Moloka'i remain on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places. Due to,a problem of notification of property owners, sites previously listed on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places were de-registered in March, 1980. (see Tables I and 2) Presently sixteen (16) sites in Maui County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. (see Table 3) Individual descriptions of sites recorded on the three major islands were summarized from previous reports. Sites for Maui island have been broken down into the six regional planning area for the Community Plans of Wailuku-Kahului, Lahaina, Kihei, Makawao-Pu kalan.i- Kula, Paia-Haiku and Hana. LS-na'i and Moloka'i were handled individually. None of the Kaho'olawe sites were listed. Reconnaissance surveys conducted by the Bishop Museum and other contract archaeological firms have been used to identify additional sites. Often large developments prepare detailed archaeo- logical reports as part of their pen-nit process. These reports have supplemented the initial core of information prepared by the State in the 1970's. Unfortunately these surveys have been limited to -6- specific planning areas where destruction of sites is imminent as part of the development process. These reports primarily include alternative research prior to destruction instead of suggestions to mitigate potential adverse effects on cultural resources. A large inventory where a quantity of sites can be identified is an invaluable checklist. From this source of information evaluations can be made about the broad spectrum of sites available. The quality of sites can best be determined if a large variety of sites have been identified. A large inven- tory is an aid to management and will help to prioritize sites in terms of significance (meaning) and importance (value). On March 2, 1983 the Planning Department conducted a workshop on the county's present inventory of cultural, historical and archaeological sites to inform the public of the County's efforts in this field and to get public input. The participants, including local informants and long time resi- dents of the County supported the survey work and offered to help in its completion. Public aware- ness of the County's role in historic preservation will be helpful in increasing the number of known sites on the inventory. Z MAPPING In addition to the blue line quad maps prepared by the State to accompany the Hawaii Register of Historic Places site forms and those prepared as part of the Coastal Zone Management Program, location of sites have been determined from historic maps, maps prepared by the Maui Historical Society and maps accompanying individual reconnaissance reports. When completed these maps will be instrumental in designating historically significant and sensitive areas in the County. 3. FIELD-C-H ECKS: Since the majority of the sites were recorded in the early 1970's many sites have been altered or destroyed. Field checks have provided up-dated information and a more accurate evaluation of the County's historical resources. 4. CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY: An on-going research project to determine the events, people and cultural patterns significant to the County of Maui has taken the form of a chronological history of the County. Primary sources such as missionary station reports, early Hawaiian histories, early issues of the Maui News, historical photographs and maps, etc. provide resources to be used in compiling this chronological history. An additional study relating to the religious history of the County has been conducted as the majority of significant architecture is church related. A study of stone construction was conducted in conjunction with the chronological religious history of Maui County. -7- 5. PLACE NAMES OF MAUI COUNTY: The history of various localities within the County can be garnered from an evaluation of the County's place names. Although literal translations of place names are often given, legends and events associated with different places provide an alternative view of history. This lengthy and time consuming project relies heavily on oral history. To date tapes of interviews taken for the Planning Deaprtment by Mrs. I nez Ashdown have been transcribed, and the information used in recent studies. The initiation of an oral history program is anticipated. 6. CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: Presently the County's involvement with cultural resources management is I imited to sites with- in the three historic districts, and for projects within the Special Management Area (SMA) or which require an Environmental Impact Statement. A survey of County codes that affect cultural resources should be made and an ordinance specifically relating to cultural resources should be adopted. In the context of the community plan implementation process the County will establish special treatment districts with design guidelines to insure that rural townscapes; are not encrouched upon by modem development. Selected archaeological sites within the County should be made available to the public by establishing archaeological districts with proper signage and maintenance. Programs to protect and integrate significant sites within a project development should be initiated. On-going maintenance and interpretation of sites should be part of the development plan. Assessment of proposed development areas for cultural resources sensitivity should be expanded on the County level. The Planning Department should require developers to submit archaeological reconnaissance reports for areas that have not been previously surveyed when there are indications that the area under consideration may be historically significant. Survey reports should include recommendations to mitigate potential adverse impacts on cul- tural resources. Since it is not possible to preserve all sites, alternative research prior to destruction of minor or deteriorated sites could be conducted in lieu of preservation. This may include one or a combination of the following salvage techniques: 1. Pit excavations 2. Artifact collection and recordation 3. Photographic study 4. Measured drawings _8- A standard format with specific requirements for archaeological reports should be established to insure uniformity between different contract firms. To monitor the. recommendations of archaeological reports as well as developments within special archaeological districts, an advisory committee of professional and lay persons with interest in Hawaiiana, archaeology, anthropology, and related fields should be established to advise the Planning Department. Since the present Historic Commission deals primarily with historic structures and not with archaeological sites, an advisory committee with expertise in pre-contact history appears appropriate. The Historic Commission should also expand its role t6 include development review within special treatment districts. On June 9, 1983 the Planning Department held a second workshop on historic preservation which included informational presentations from the State Historic Preservation Office, Historic Hawai'i Foundation, the Maui Historical Society, and the Lahaina Restoration Foundation as well as the County Planning Department. Participants were presented with the recommendations of the cultural resources management plan. and.given. an opportunity to comment on the County's program for historic preservation. E. PRESERVATION, INTERPRETATION AND RESTORATION: A program of preservation, interpretation, and restoration of historical and archaeological sites should be based on the significance of the individual sites and their representation as examples of the range of historical structures. Priority should be given to sites which are deemed important to the understanding of the historic past. Priority sites. are based on the actual merit of the individual site depending on its uniqueness, its quality of construction, degree of maintenance and its contribution to the appreciation and understanding of the past. Often significant sites do not present themselves as potential interpretive sites that can be used to educate the public but are valued for their research potential or for their legendary significance in relation to spiritual values. Sites that may be good interpretive examples may be inaccessible to the general public due to location or to the landowner's restrictions. In creating a list of priority sites for preservation and future study these limitations have not been considered. The sites which participants of the inventory workshop chose were selected solely for their historical and architectural significance. These sites meet the criteria for National Register nomination w6ich affords them the fullest protection under the law. Efforts to nominate these sites to the Federal register should be a primary concern of the cultural resources management program. Sites of lesser importance but which have value on a state-wide or local level should be re- registered with the Hawaii Register of Historic Places. Efforts to assist landowners in placing their historic properties on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places should be implemented by the Planning Department. With incentives such as the new real estate tax credit, landowners should be willing to register their historic properties. Other incentives for property owners should be investigated to en- -9- courage registration of important historic sites. Interpretive programs are essential to impart knowledge of the past to the general public. Previous preservation and restoration work has been primarily for the benefit of the scientists. With the growing renaissance in Hawaiian culture, historic sites can become classrooms in natural settings. The educative value of interpretive programs whether through spoken, written or pictorial communi- cation gives cultural resources an added dimension. The range of interpretive programs provide limitless alternatives to use historic resources as a physical setting in which to communicate important concepts about past cultures. The mistake in the past has been the inadequate presentation of materials which do not give the visitor a sense of reverance for the site or a true understanding of the site's importance in the course of history. Because of the cost involved with County initiated interpretive programs, the Planning Depart- ment should encourage private land developers to investigate the possibility of interpretive programs as part of their developments. The possibility of promoting cultural history for the visitor industry should be further investigated. The County should further encourage the State to proceed with efforts to create interpretive programs within the Makena-La Perouse State Park. County assistance to local museums that presently have artifact displays and interpretive pro- grams should be explored. Support of established collections should be investigated and the possibi- lity of smaller exhibits on Moloka'i and La-na'i researched. A study of County owned lands should be undertaken to ascertain if historic sites are present. If sites are located, the County should initiate a program of site maintenance to insure that further deterioration does not occur. Should a significant site be located on County lands, restoration work may be implemented in conjunction with an interpretive program. Although previous restoration work has proven to be difficult considering site development, maintenance and vandalism, the public's awareness with regards to the social value of historical sites seems to be changing. A program of site restoration could now be performed by public service youth groups through the Parks Department summer fun program, Hawaiian interest groups such as canoe clubs, or other community minded organizations. Such restoration projects would not only be a valuable learning experience for those involved, but would allow the County to participate in a restoration program while expending minimal capital improvement monies. The possibility of inter- departmental involvement should also be explored. Our Cultural Resources Management Program is in its formative phase. However, the initial resources have been investigated and evaluated, and it is anticipated that as new archaeological and historical sites are brought to the Planning Department"s attention a comprehensive course of action will develop. The following recommendations should be implemented as part of the Cultural Resources Management plan. At present, the Planning Department's concern for its cultural resources in the initiation of this study is one step towards preserving Maui County's rich heritage. -10- RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Expand County involvement of historic sites review through new ordinances establishing special treatment districts and archaeological districts. 2. Enforce existing codes relating to historic sites. 3. Continually re-evaluate building code requirements and enact amendments that are more sympathetic to preservation or provide. exemptions for historic properties. 4. Require archaeological reconnaissance reports when there are indications that the project area may be historically significant. 5. Establish standards for survey reporting. 6. Appoint an advisory committee to advise the Planning Department and the Maui Historic Commission on matters relating to archaeological and historical sites. 7. Increase the number of Maui County sites on the National Register by assisting in the preparing of nomination forms to submit to the Federal government 8. Assist landowners in re-registering their historic properties on the Hawaii Register of His- toric Places. 9. Encourage the private sector and the State to implement meaningful interpretive programs at significant historical and archaeological sites. 10. Assist local museums with their interpretive displays. 11. Evaluate sites on County owned lands for possible restoration and interpretive projects. 12. Maintain historic sites on County lands. 13. Initiate an oral history program. 14. Investigate innovative programs for development that would serve as incentives for historic property owners, making voluntary preservation more attractive to the land owner. 15. Explore the possibility of involving other County Departments in historic preservation. 16. Expand coordination and cooperation between County, State and Federal agencies with respect to preservation programs. 17. Organize community service and private organizations to serve as guardians and guides at interpretive sites and to monitor and assist in providing security and control at sites. 18. Provide technical assistance to all interested in historic preservation. 19. Assist in outreach programs on historic preservation including presentations, films, exhi- bits, conferences, publications and other educational means which increase public awareness and participation in preserving the past. 20. Encourage the development of broad based educational and cultu,ral programs within the County. 21. Investigate use of special tax funds for preservation use. TABLES TABLEI Hawaii Register of Historic Places page 14 Maui Island TABLE 11 Hawaii Register of Historic Places page 24 Molokai Island TABLE III National Register page 32 12 TABLE I Aar% "k, Halt Holkeike, Bailey Home Jwzukll' Maui MVffy Mitchell NA A FROWN Wailuku. MAUI JINSHA MISSION, Lipo Place, Paukukalo. 1915 built, moved 1953. This temple is one of the few remaining struc- tures built in the style of Japanese temple architecture. It is approximately 10 x 20 meters with a separate but smaller elevated structure built in the same style to house reli- gious implements, Both structures have carved ridgepoles, brackets, and lintels. Associated with immigrant laborers. Private ownership. Still in use. Reqistered 5-18-81. Also listed on the National Register, 11-21-78. Mwi Awhe MAkdon ftukukelo, Maui mvffy Mitchell 14 4 Wailuku. KAAHUMANU CHURCH, South High Street. This church was built in 1876 and is a plastered bluestone structure with agable roof and buttressing. The church has double arched doors at the entrance and a tripartite steeple and tower which were added in 1884 The church is considered a vernacular adapta- tion of the Gothic Revival style with Georgian elements and is one of the few remaining native churches of stone construction. tt is the fourth church structure built for the Wailuku congregation begun in 1832 under Rev. Jona- than Green. Portions of the 1842 belfry re- main in the rear of the present structure. Private ownership, services on Sundays at bift.Jd 9 A.M. Registered 5-18-81. Also listed on the National Register, 5 -12-75. Kashumenu Chumh Miluku, Moui Muffy Mitchell Wailuku. OLD BAILEY HOUSE (HALE HOI- KEIKE), lao Valley Road. These structures were built between 1833 and 1850 out of lava rock and stucco. The main house is rectangular, two and a half stories with a gabled roof and an off-center entrance. There are doors on the second story front and a side opening onto the second story lanai or gallery with railings. There is a small third story lanai. The original house was built in stages and combines four structures. The two story structure with attached one story cookhouse was built in 1833. A one story addition to the cookhouse was built in 1837. The buildings were connected in 1842. A half-story was added to the main building in 1850. Restored and now used as a museum and home of the Maui Historical Society. It was built as a parsonage for ministers of Wailuku Church and used as a female seminary from 1837-1848. This is one of the most complete remaining examples of the,state's early missionary architecture. Pri- vate ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Also listed on the National Register, 3-20-73. 15 Maui. CHINESE TONG HOUSES OF MAUI ISLAND, early 20th century. These three remaining Chinese fraternal society buildings were all constructed in the first decade of the century. They are representative of period Mw architecture combined with the vernacular. The structures are indicative of the cultural and social life of their immigrant Chinese Al k members. Each structure is of wood construc- tion two stories, with verandahs on both f ;L Chee Kung Tong, Wailuku; Ket Hing, loo Kula (Keokea); Wo Hing, Lahaina. Private ownership. Registered 7-30-82. Also listed on the National Register, 11 15-82. Lualailua. PAPAKEA PETROGLYPHS. This 0@ set of rock art is located within a 11 x 14 meter area on apahoehoe or smooth unbroken Ch" Kuno Tong Sociew Building lava rock outcroppTn and represents human M6110ky, Maui footprints. Most of t@e prints are deteriorated Muffy Mitchell but 2 in good condition show a more realistic style than most Hawaiian petroglyphs. Emory reported 31 prints although survey work in 1973 located approximately 12. Public owner ship. Registered 5-18-81. Kanaio. WAHENE PLATFORM. This house platform is 18 by 8 meters and is paved with lifilili mixed with coral on half of its surface andthe remainder consists of-a,Tor sharp lava rock chunks. There are post holes on three Lualailua. KALUAKAKALIOA CAVE. This sides of the platform. Public ownership, lava tube shelter ,,Vith walls has culturai evi- Registered 5-18-81. dence but no midden. The entrance to the cave was formed by the collapse of a section of the lava tube that once extended about 25 Kanaio. CAVE OF 7 COFFINS. This site is a meters North of the entrance. The cave ex- lava tube or bubble sealed off with a stone tends approximately 57 meters to the South wall. Originally the entrance to the cave was a of the entrance. Coral abraders and other meter high by 1.2 meters wide. There is a artifacts consisting of a cowrie shell squid Catholic shrine nearby suggesting historic use lure, a piece of cut wood, and a pointed of the cave tor burial. Public ownership. "picker" made out of bird bone were found in Registered 5-18-81. the cave. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. 16 4 'W Lualeflue Cove Lualsous, maul Sts.te of Haywfi photo Lualailua. LUALAILUA CAVE. This site is a Kahikinui-Kipapa. KAHIKINUI KIPAPA large inland lava tube used for temporary ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISTRICT. This is one habitation. This large shelter cave has a plat- of the largest complexes with approximately form in the rear. The cave measures 9 -meters 600 features including Nakaohu Heiau, Walker deep and 5 meters wide and averages 2 meters Heiau *177, Alena Heiau and two or three from floor to ceiling. It was excavated by other heiau. The heiau are different in style Chapman and Kirch and documented in 1974. and consists of 4 enclosure type, 1 platform Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. type, 1 combination of enclosures and plat- forms, 4 irregular in shape, 1 notched, and 1 rectangular. They range in size from 14 by 13 meter's to 40 by 30 meters. Other features in- clude 170 enclosures with midden, approxi- mately 85 pens or pits, approximately 60 clearings with walls, approximately 48 butt- ressed half-circles or C-shapes, approximately Kahikinui. KAHIKINUI HOUSE. This struc- 108 isolated walls, approximately 41 raised ture was built around 1875. It is a wooden platforms, approximartely 9 koa, approxi- one story house, partially constructed out of mately 22 terraced caves, approximately 13 board and battens. Its significance is its rela- walled horseshoes, and approximately 11 lava tion to ranching. Public ownership. Registered tubes or bubble caves. Public ownership. 5-18-81. Registered 5-18-81. 17 IFEF- 100 (D (D G;;j 1A Lualailua. ALENA HABITATION SITE. This possible hauhale or group of houses is con- tained within an area of 22 by 33 meters. It consists of enclosures, platforms, a fireplace, a cupboard, terraced platforms with 'ili'ili, and midden. This site is not a heiau as Walker cited in his description of this site and more Lualailua. LUALAILUA HEIAU. This teffwle probably served various functions and included structure is a small upland L-shaped heiau 'en- a possible hale mua or men's house. Public closure, 8 by 11.5 meters. It is of core-filled ownership. Registered 5-18-81. construction. There is a notch on the East end and there is a curving single-stacked wall abutting the exterior of the notch forming a small enclosure approximately 0.9 by 1.2 meters. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Lualailua. LUALAILUA TERRACE COM- PLEX. This agricultural complex consists of 10 terraces with retaining alignments and 2 associated shelters, including a C-shape with a nearby cupboard and a collapsed lava bubble. This site is important as it is an example of agricultural attempts in an arid area. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. 18 Lualailua. HANAMAUU LOA COMPLEX. This large complex consists of 97 features in a 19 hectare area. It is divided into 5 sections in- cluding 23 oval enclosures, 10 rectangular en- closures, 14 C-shapes, 8 terraced platforms. 9 probable house structures, 10 possible graves, a trail, 5 f3hale or house lots, 4 canoe sheds, 2 heiau, adze grinding depression, a koa or fishing shrine, a well and various other features. KuuIa Heiau is an L-shaped, notched enclosure 7.5 by 9.4 meters. Kepalaoa Heiau is in fair condition. It is difficult to record its size due to its condition although a small enclosure on the Northeast side measuring 2 by 3 meters is well oreserved. This four-sided enclosure type heiau is an example of core-filled construction. This complex is one of the largest concentra- tions of archaeological sites on the island of Maui and has excellent research potential due to its good state of repair. Public ownership. Registered 1-14-78. 7, tz' X A4' N 77M A: Pehate, hanamauutos Complex Ransio, Maui State of HeKefi photo 19 0-0) W S AFOATH 17 *jr 0- Kula. MOLOHAI HEIAU. This temple is a notched enclosure 24 by 29 meters with high walls over 2 meters tall. On the interior there is a narrow, terraced platform approximately 8.3 by 1.4 meters. Also present are steps along the interior of the four walls. Near the North- west portion of the interior are 3 stone mounds. There is an alignment of stones near the Southern step. This is an impressive struc- ture because cvf its large size, good condition, and massiveness of its Eastern walls. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Kula. PAPAKEA HEIAU. This site is a quad- rangular terrace heiau with a possible lower terrace. The upper terrace is 60 by 30 meters and is deteriorated. There is some coral on the site. Related features surrounding it include four enclosures, four house sites, and plat- forms. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Kula. ALAE PETROGLYPHS. These petro- glyphs are located on the South side of Waiakoa Gulch and consists of approximately 60 figures. Figures are both stick and triangular in style. Three men riding horses are depicted as well as 32 individual human figures and a dog. Some figures are modern. Public owner- ship. Registered 5-18-81. 20 Kula. KAIMUPEELUA HEIAU. This temple (.60) (40) PAWP structure consists of a notched enclosure 17 F= by 24 meters with an interior enclosure on the Southeast corner. There is a central platform FAVEP with depressions and a massive exterior (.70) 0 terracing. Much of the site has been destroyed by cattle. Public ownership. Registered 5-18- 81. ((94 Kula. KAUMIUMIMUA HEIAU. This archaeo- logical site is an inland notched structure I measuring 21 by 25 meters and is in good condition. There is evidence of 2-3 construc- tion periods. The Northwest corner is paved. There is a 9 by 12 meter enclosure separate from the heiau located near the Southwest end. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. (SO) m6 ,Nj@. Kula. HOLY GHOST CATHOLIC CHURCH. This octagonal church building was built between 1894 and 1895. It is the craftsman- ship of a Portuguese community and was de- signed by resident priest Father James Beissel, LM S.S.C.C. The structure is approximately 18 meters in diameter with a two-stepped conical roof. An open octagonal belfry towers over the eight-sided structure and is crowned by a spire and cross. There are round corner posts, that serve both structurally as well as decora- tively to support the octagonal roof which rises at a 45 degree angle from a wooden cornice embellished with small arched consoles. The interior roof construction is a series of ribbed vaults. Of special interest are the altar piece and the Stations of the Cross handcarved Holy Ghost Church and painted by the workshop of Ferdinand Kula, Maui Stuflesser of St. Ulrich in Groden, Tyrol. Pri- Muffy Mitchell vate ownership. Registered 4-29-83. 21 Hana. KAIAPUNI KO'Aw This fishing shrine Kailua. KAUHIHALE COMPLEX. This com- consists of a smalt platform paved with plex includes a large notched enclosure heiau, lililiti or small pebbles and is built on a natural 50.3 by 32.3 meters with a notch in the South basalt outcropping. It is divided into two sec- wall. On the North corner there is a small tions approximately rectangular and measuring enclosure in good condition, approximately 9.2 by 7.6 meters. There is an oval alignment 9.7 by 4.8 meters. Along the Northeast there on the Southeast section and two concentric is a triple terrace. The heiau has suffered rectangles are formed by alignments on the damage from cattle. Six graves in fair condi- Northwest section. No coral was found on the tion are located near the heiau as well as a site. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. small enclosure measuring 6 by 4.7 meters. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. r I @60- aO- a - /207 0 CMV L .3 0300/ rr R FbM@ON OF CiDSMA 8 Kihei. KAMAOLE HOUSE SITE. Located near the Keawakapu boat landing, this habitation site consists of an L-shaped enclosure, a wall, and two modern graves. The site is in poor condition. The L-shape is 8 by 6 meters with an interior platform 4 by 2 meters. A coral imu or roasting pit reported near the site is an FlOVIte YJ11W 81FVRCar6D)4ERD (WwSCq_) unusual feature. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Lahainaluna. HALE PA'I (house of printing) Honokowai. HONOKbWAI PETROGLYPHS. 1838-1846. This one and a half story coral and This site consists of approximately 45 petro- lava structure measures 6.7 by 18.3 meters and glyphs in fair condition on three basalt boul- has lava rubble walls 0.6 meters thick. The ders on the South bank of a gulch. There are building is restored and houses a replica of the two separate clusters with triangular figures. first newspaper published West of the Rocky Unusual figures include one with a bifurcated Mountains, Ka Lama Hawaii. Public owner- head and several figures standing on each ship. Registered 5-18-81. Also listed on the other's shoulders. Public ownership. Registerpr4 National Register, 5-13-76. 5-18-81. 22 23 TA8LE II 71. nv jo, Kapoelue Water Catchment Basin Hodlehu& KAPFELUA COMPLEX. This site Hoolehus, Moloke? contains some legendary stones referred to as Bishop Museum photo Jacaterpillar stones" and a large flat boulder in which two depressions have been pecked. The caterpill'ar stones are said to represent the transformed body of a demi-god, once the lover of a Molokai girl, whose body exploded in many pieces when set on fire. The water- catchment basins near the legendary stones measure 52 by 21 by 7 centimeters and 34 by 15 by 5 centimeters. Also carved into this rock are -curved, pecked grooves 60 and 40 centimeters long to 1 to 1.5 centimetres; wide that intersect the larger of the two basins on the West and Northeast sides. Public owner- ship. Registered 5-18-81. Palaau. ANAHAKI GULCH COMPLEX. This complex consists of two features. The first is a notched heiau in deteriorated condition. This enclosure measures 21 by 10 meters with the notch on the East wall. There is no evi- dence of paving. Located nearby is the second feature, a crude walled house site. This site was probably used as a temporary shelter or a windbreak. Public ownership. Registered 5-18- 81. 24 Palaau. NANAHOA COMPLEX. These four sites are located within Kalae State Park and include two phallic stones, a petroglyph site and a destroyed h75lua or sled slide. The two phallic rocks, one female and the other male are associated with legends of fertility. The male stone called "Kauleonanahoa" is 3.2 by 2.6 meters with portions of it which have been worked. The female stone which has several names including "Nawa'akaluli", "Waihu'ehu' e", and "Kawahuna". It is 2.6 by 2 meters and appears to be in its natural state with a large groove down the center. The petroglyphs are located on four boulders and consists of human stick figures and a series of grooves located near the base of the rocks which may have been used to sharpen the tools employed to carve the petroglyphs. Many of the reported 24 figures have been defaced or eroded. The h-olua slide has been destroyed since it was re- ported by Stokes in 1909. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Kamiloloa. SANDALWOOD PIT. This de- pression in the ground is said to resemble the hull of a ship. It is 34 by 13 meters and 2 to 2.5 meters deep. Called "Ka Lua Na Moku 'lliahi", it is associated with the sandalwood trade with China during the 19th century. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. 2.S x d, 5ANDALWOOD Prr (KA LUA NA MOKU I:rLJANt) -rrr-r Shef A-? 25 .4 j N f main building and portion of *bll o evaporation pan, Meyer Mill Kalee, Molokai State of Havveii photo ..4 F-1 Kalae. MEYER SUGAR MILL. 1876-1889. This is one of the smallest mills in Hawaii and the only example of 19th century sugar pro- cessing equipment in place in the State. The integrity of this site adds to its significance. The site includes a boiling house, four mo- lasses pits below the boiling house floor, the masonry pit for the mill, and a drying shed. Th e engine and boiler houses have collapsed. Restoration in progress. Private ownership. Registered 6-2-79. Also listed on the National Register, 9-4-79. 26 Kalawao. ANANALUAWAHINE CAVE. This lava tube cave is located on Kalaupapa Penin- sula and is said to extend to the sea. It is asso- ciated with war canoes from the island of Hawaii. Legend relates the rockfall now block- ing portions of the cave date from this period when the people of Kalaupapa hiding in the cave were killed by the warriors. Public owner A A' ship. Registered 5-18-81. Kalawao. KA LI H I KOW This structu re is an irregular shaped partially paved platform mea- suring approximately 14.5 by 12.4 meters. The paved section in the center measures 8.7 Q by 6.3 meters and is enclosed by low but wide walls. A small enclosure approximately 5.5 by 6 meters is located on the Southeast end of --------- the platform. Construction is of multiple- I.. 4@ C611 stacked basalt. Evidence of coral and some midden were found on the site. Public owner- ship. Registered 5-18-81. Kalawao. NIHOA COMPLEX. This complex consists of an isolated group of deteriorated terraces, cave shelters, and walls. There is a large roughly semi-circular platform measuring 30 by 10 meters with smaller randomly placed platforms on top. Located North of this plat- Kalaupapa. KALAUPAPA LEPROSY SETTLE- form are two possible cave shelters each about MENT, 1866-1940's. This site consists of two 3 by 2 meters in area and 1 meter deep. There village areas associated with the Hansen disease is a possible house lot near the East end of the settlement established on this remote penin- large platform. This enclosure measures 15 by sula. Sites include Our Lady of Sorrow 10 meters and is open to the sea. Several Church, Bishop House, St. Elizabeth Chapel, deteriorated platforms are also included in St. Philomena Catholic Church and cemetery, this complex. Public ownership. Registered Siloama Church, Molokai Lighthouse, St. 5-18-81. Francis Catholic Church, Damien Stone Church ruins, Bay View complex, Paschoal Community Hall, and Mc Veigh Place staff Kalawao. KAUPIKIAWA CAVE. This exca- housing. The first village site is associated with vated cave is located on the Northeast end of Father Damien De Veuster. To be restored as Kalaupapa. Research conducted between 1966 a National Park. Public ownership. Registered and 1967 show several levels and chambers 5-18-71. Also listed on the National Register within the 300 square meters of the cave. 1-7-76. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Kalawao. 'AHINA HEIAU. This temple struc- ture is constructed on a bluff in Wailolu Valley. It is irregular in shape with retaining walls measuring 45 to 50 meters. Smaller walls divide this enclosure into three sections. This is the only recorded site in the valley. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. C')_ - 27 "-T-UMMMM@z-N n 'E" MA %@,k'p qw-- 11ML, K5@ 'C' 18 L a. 7 . .. ....... Abkaha, A/17 Pond Kaunakakai, Molokai Bishop Museum photo Kaunakakai. ALII POND. This loko kuap7has been filled in by silting and mangroves. In 1902 the fishpond had an area of 46 acres and in 1952 it had diminished to 25 acres. Most of the wall is intact although part of the Kaunakakai. KALUALOHE COMPLEX. This West Nall has been rebuilt. Walls are 1.5. to 2 site includes a large stone enclosure in which meters wide. There is one tti-akZih7a with an are scattered various smaller structures. The opening of 2 meters located in the center of enclosure measures 85 by 55 meters and con- ,the pond. This is one of the larger fishponds tains C and U-shaped outlines, walls, cairns, on the island. Public ownership. Registered alignments and stone-lined earth-surfaced ter- 5-18-81. ra.ces. The largest of these interior structures is an enclosure 10 by 10 meters. A weathered @apamu or game board used in the game of bnane or Hawaiian checkers was found near the site. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. Kaunakakai. KALOKO'ELI FISHPOND. This rebuilt pond is built in the loko kuapZ or en- closed shore fishpond style. It has two tarkah-a or sluice gates and covers an area of approxi- mately 10 hectares.. Public ownership. Regis- tered 5-18-81. 28 Kawela. KAWELA COMPLEX. This grouping of over 30 archaeological sites each containing numerous features includes a variety of sites. Previously only three sites were recorded in this area. Of interest in this complex is the old- est and deepest culturally stratified site within Kawela ahupua'a dating from approximately 1500 A.D. This site documents a 400 year sequence of natural and humanly induced landscape change. Surface survey of this com- plex has yielded approximately 180 sites including residential complexes with shelters, grinding stones, cupboards, basalt flakes and cores. Circular enclosures included branch coral and upright stones are also among the type of sites within this district. Agricultural sites and petroglyphs sites are also part of this complex. 18 sites were excavated and more than 30 were recommended for pregervation. Private ownership. Registered 7-30-82. Also listed on the National Register, 11-3-82, 11-5-82. Aerial view of Puuhonue Kewele Complex Kawele, Moloka? Bishop Museum photo 777' 4 29 A INV. mot Av -74 Owl D)kTf-' pti(DTOG' 0 77@ 4; 41 =8101011'eiroil Pond 91shop Muswm photo Kamalo, PAHIOMU FISHPOND. This loko kuap-a covers an area of 6 hectares and has been infiltrated with mangrove. The best con- structed area of the pond is located on the Southeast. Along two sections of the wall the. width of the wall increases and is notched. There is one rrraknafta- with an opening a meter wide. Evidences of a V-shaped lane was found on the South part of the wall, between the two thicker sections of the wall. Public owner- ship. Registered 5-18-81. Kamalo. KIPAPA FISHPOND. This loko kuap-a was originally 409 hectares in area but because "of silting covers only 67 hectares when surveyed in 1974. Walls are in good condition and are 1.5 to 2 meters wide. Three rrraka-lia- are present, two of which are closed. Capstones are used to span the wal I and pro- vide an unusual feature. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. 30 Kamalo. KALUUAHA CHURCH. This stone church is one of the larger structures of its kind in the County. It measures approximately 50 by 100 feet and has plastered fieldstone walls two and a half feet thick. A gable roof has collapsed in sections and exposed ldhia beams can be seen. This mission station was established in 1832 and this structure was built in 1844. Station Reports from that period estimate construction cost for the church at "$900.00 besides stone, lime, timber and gratuitous labor." Private ownership. Registered 7-22-77. q. 4 A "We" chumn Kamelo, Motake? Sate of Heywilphoto Kalamaula. LUAHINE MAIKA. This site is believed to be the only remaining 'ulu maika or bowling site in the islands. It is a shallow depression along the North side of Pu'u Luahine which has been partially destroyed Halawa. HONOULIWAI FISHTRAP. This fish- by bulldozing and road construction. Al- trap is a semi-circular alignment of stones though the site is overgrown, several broken barely visible above the water. Its deteriorated and one complete 'ulu maika were found near walls enclose an area of approximately a hec- the site. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. tare. Public ownership. Registered 5-18-81. . 31 TABLE III Firepit, looking South, Site 169 Kanapou Bay, Kaho'blawe William Barrera 'a -4 iT4 Kaho'olawe. KAHO'OLAWE ISLAND AR- CHAEOLOGICAL DISTRICT, surveyed be- tween 1976-1980, sponsored by the Navy. This district consists of 544 archaeological Cupboard, Site 137 sites including a total of 2,337 archaeological Kealiakahiki Point, Kahololawe. features primarily concentrated on the Eastern Hallet Hammatt third of the island. The most common type of feature, both at the coast and inland is the 'Jactivity area" which consists of a concentra- tion of artifacts and midden material in an area ranging from 2 to 100 meters in diameter. 32 lithic quarries and workshops and the se- cond largest adze quarry in the State are part of this district. This district also includes approximately 500 individual petroglyphs in 24 features, all but one of which were located near the coast. 60 koa (fishing shrines) and 10,351 pre-contact artifacts were also re- corded. Public ownership. Registered 3-18-81. Ual-na'i City vicinity. KAUNOLU VILLAGE SITE, on Kaunolu Bay on the Southwest cape of the Island of 125-na'i. Dates unknown. This is a fishing community site containing the well-preserved ruins of Halulu Heiau, a koa (fishing shrine), 86 house platforms, 35 stone shelters, pens, garden patches, a canoe shed, approximately 320 separate petroglyphs, and several graves and tombs. This site is believed to be associated with Kamehameha I and was his fortified residence on Llna'i. Investigated by Kenneth Emory, 1924. Private ownership. Registered 10-15-66. 32 Wailuku. MAUI JINSHA MISSION, Lipo Place, Paukukalo. 1915 built, moved 1953. This temple is one of the few remaining structures built in the style of Japanese tem- ple architecture. It is approximately 10 x 20 meters with a separate but smaller elevated structure built in the same style to house religious implements. Both structures have carved ridgepoles, brackets, and lintels. Asso- ciated with immigrant laborers. Private owner- ship. Still in use. Registered 11-21-78. Wailuku. KAAHUMANU CHURCH, South High Street. This church built in 1876 is a Wailuku. OLD BAILEY HOUSE (HALE plastered bluestone structure with a gable HOIKEIKE), lao Valley Road. These struc- roof and buttressing. The church has double tures were built between 1833 and 1850 out arched doors at the entrance and a tripartite of lava rock and stucco. The main house is steeple and tower which were added in 1884. rectangular, two and a half stories with a The church is considered a vernacular adapta- gabled roof and an off-center entrance. There tion of the Gothic Revival style with Georgian are doors on the second story front and a side elements and is one of the few remaining na- opening onto the second story lanai or tive churches of stone construction. It is the gallery with railings. There is a small third fourth church structure built for the Wailuku story lanai. The original house was built in congregation begun in 1832 under Rev. Jona- stages and combines four structures. The two than Green. Portions of the 1842 belfry story structure with attached one story cook- remain in the rear of the present structure. house was built in 1837. The buildinqS were Private ownership, services on Sundays at connected in 1842. A half-story was added to 9 A.M. Registered 5-12-75. the main building in 1850. Restored and now used as a museum and home of the Maui His- torical Society. It was built as a parsonage for ministers of Wailuku Church and used as a fe- male seminary from 1837-1848. These build- ings are one of the most complete remaining examples of the state's early missionaryarchi- tecture. Private ownership. Registered 3-20-73. Northeast View Maui Jinsha Mission Faukukalo, Maui Muffy Mitchell 33 Kaupo vicinity. LOALOA HEIAU, Southeast coast of Maui, on Highway 31, North of Kaupo. This site is a 16th century platform heiau considered to be the center of a cultural complex around Kaupo. It is one of the largest heiau in Hawaii. This 35 by 152 meters raised platform is in good condition and is divided by a stone wall into sections. The Eastern sec- tion was possibly used for heiau functions. The Western section is deteriorated and has no paving. This area may have been for secular uses. There are numerous pits in this area. The walls consists of 3-4 terraces reaching heights over 9 meters. A transverse trench approxi- mately 2 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep parallels the wall dividing the heiau into East & West sections. Construction is attri- buted to Kekaulike around 1730 and was consecrated by Kam I and Liholiho around 1800. Investigated by W.M. Walker, 1931. Private ownership. Registered 10-15-66. Pyanihale Heieu Hana, Maui Muffy Mitchell It Hana vicinity. PIILANIHALE HEIAU, 7 kilo- meters North of Hana, at the mouth of Hono- maele Gulch near Kalahu Point. This site is a 16th centu rv combination platform and cou rt- type heiau. It is the largest heiau in the islands measuring 105 by 130 meters. The North wall is 16 meters high with 5 stepped terraces. The East & West walls are approximately 7 meters high. Interior construction consists of 3 en- closures and 5 platforms including "Spirit" holes, walls, and stone images. The size of the structure resembles a luakini or war heiau in which human sacrifices were made. Surveyed in 1931, 1963 and 1970. Private ownership. Registered 10-15-66. 34 Haleftli 4T Lahainaluna, Maul Wl liam Medelros 450 0_ . ... .......... . .. .......... ... . ..... . . Lahainaluna. HALE PA'l (house of printing) 1838-1846. This one and a half story coral and lava structure measures 6.7 by 18.3 meters and has lava rubble walls 0.6 meters thick. The building is restored and houses a replica of the original press associated with the first newspaper published West of the Rocky Moun- tains, Ka Lama Hawaii. Public ownership. Registered 5-13-76. Pioneer Inn Lahaina Historic District Lahaina, Maui William Medeiros 35 Lahaina. LAHAINA HISTORIC DISTRICT, West side of Maui off Highway 30, Mid-19th century through early 20th century. Lahaina is a seaport town containing frame and coral block buildings. The town developed as the political, commercial, and religious center of the Hawaiian Islands and is associated with the Pacific American whaling industry and missionary activity. Lahaina served as the first capital of Hawaii, a royal residence, and the meeting place of the first Hawaiian legislature in 1840. Although many of the town's com- mercial structure date from the 1920's the town maintains a mid-19th century seaport character. Historic buildings associated with Lahaina include Baldwin House and Seamen's Reading Room, the Courthouse, Hale Aloha, Seaman's Hospital, Pioneer Inn, the Old Pri- son, Wo Hing Society Building, and the Sea- men's and Episcopal cemeteries. Multiple pub- lic/private ownership. Registered 10-15-66. Wo Hing Society Building Lahaina, Maui William Medeiros Maui. CHINESE TONG HOUSES OF MAUI ISLAND. Early 20th century. These three remaining Chinese fraternal society buildings were all constructed in the first decade of this century. They are representative of period architecture combined with the vernacular. The structures are indicative of the cultural and social life of their immigrant Chinese members. Each structure is of wood construc- tion, two stories, with verandahs on both floors. Chee Kung Tong, Wailuku; Ket Hing, Kula (Keokea); Wo Hing, Lahaina. Registered 11-3-82. 36 Molokai, Kamalo vicinity HOKUKANO-UA- LAPUE COMPLEX including KEAWANUI FISHPOND, approximately one kilometer East of Kamalo Harbor on Kamehameha Highway (45). Approximate date, 1500. This fishpond is in qood condition. It is oval shaDed and built in the loko kuap2i style or enclosed shore fishpond. It is still in use. Constructed out of multiple-stacked basalt stone. Rebuilt portions have been fortified with cement. It is the largest existing pond on Moloka'i encom- passing 2,956.5 hectares (73 acres) with walls 606 meters long. 3 "rak3h-a or sluice gates. It is believed to be one of the oldest ponds on the island. Pukoo vicinity. KUKUI HEIAU, South of Kamehameha Highway. This temple is a collection of enclosures and low platforms. Approximate measurements are 51 by 36 meters although the structure is irregular in shape. Surveyed by Stokes and Summers. Condition reported as deteriorated. Pukoo vicinity. KALUAKAPI'IOHO HEIAU. West of Kukui Heiau known also as Kumuko'a by Thrum. This structure is a combination of platform and walls, similar to Pu'u 'Olelo Heiau 200 meters away. The main platform is 30 by 10 meters and has a fireplace. This site has legendary as well as historical significance. Pukoo vicinity. KAHOKUKANO HEIAU, be- tween Kukui and Kaluakapi'ioho Heiau. This structure is a series of enclosures partially paved. There are 4 terraces that follow down KAHOKUKANO HEIAU the face of the ridge. Features include a C- t@p - +k- shape and fireplace. This site has legendary as *_ rok h;3% well as historical significance. V.V ra6ble VU pavi n3 STOKSS! 140q PLAN WITA ARSITRARV PsRspEcTivrs 37 C@ PAKU'l HEIAU WITH A.2WTaA.QL PEQ%VM@71V-C, Pukoo vicinity. PAKU'l HEIAU, South of Pukoo vicinity. KALAUONAKUKUI HEIAU, Kukui Heiau. This pre-historic temple is a East of Hokukano Heiau. This structure mea- series of L-shaped and rectangular platforms sures approximately 38 by 26 meters and was with 2 enclosures. It was surveyed by Stokes. listed by Thrum but not Stokes. This site has legendary as well as historical Pukoo vicinity. 'UALAPU'E FISHPOND, significance. North of Kamehameha Highway. East of Pukoo. This pond is a loko kuapa'originally 901.12 hectares (22 acres). This core-filled masonry constructed pond (basalt and coral) has suffered tsunami damage in 1960 and 1966. It is in use now but is only half of the original size. 2 m-akahu have been rebuilt. The wall is 477.2 meters long and 2-4 meters wide. Kaluuaha vicinity. ILI'ILIOPAE HEIAU, South of Kamehameha Highway. This struc- ture is a rectangular platform with four terraces on the East 'side and is partially terraced on the South. A small finely paved rectangular area appears near the center of the heiau. The site also contains 6 stone lined pits. There is a possible house site associated with the heiau. This site has legendary as well as historical significance. This complex has multiple private and public ownership. Regis- tered 10-15-66. 38 7- visitors adertats Ketsupos LopmW Sotdament Kajewwo, Moloks? Score of HawUphoto Molokai. KALAUPAPA LEPROSY SETTLE- MENT, 1866-1940's. This complex consists of two village areas associated with the Hansen disease settlement established on this remote peninsula. Sites include Our Lady of Sorrows Church, Bishop House, St. Elizabeth Chapel, St. Philomena Catholic Church and cemetery, Siloama Church, Molokai Lighthouse, St. Francis Catholic Church, Damien Stone Molokai, Kawela vicinity. KAWELA COM- Church ruins, Bay View complex, Paschoal Community Hall, and Mc Veigh Place staff PLEX. This complex includes a variety of housing. The first village site is associated over 30 archaeological sites only three of with Father Damien De Veuster. To be re- which were previously recorded. Included is stored as a National Park. Public ownership. the oldest and deepest culturally stratified Registered 1-7-76. site within Kawela ahupua'a dating from approximately 1500 A.D. This site documents Molokai, Kalae vicinity. MEYER SUGAR a 400 year sequence of natural and humanly MILL, 1876-1889. This is one of smallest mills induced landscape change. Surface survey has in Hawaii and the only example of 19th cen- yielded approximately 180 sites including tury sugar processing equipment in place in residential complexes with shelters, grinding the State. The integrity of this site adds to its stones, cupboards, basalt flakes and cores. significance. The site includes a boiling house, Circular enclosures were found with branch four molasses pits below the boiling house coral and upright stones. Agricultural sites floor, the masonry pit for the mill, and a dry- and petroglyphs sites are also part of the com- ing shed. The engine and boiler houses have plex. 18 sites were excavated and more than collapsed. Rpstoration in progress. Private thirty recommended for preservation.- Private ownership. Registered 9-4-79. ownership. Registered 11-3-82, 11-5-82. 39 GLOSSARY ,all sharp, chunk type of lava rock ahupua'a land division usually extending from the uplands to the sea cultural resources anything that embodies or is reflective of the arts, customs, and traditions of a given group of people including their sites, structures, objects as well as people hale mua men's eating hoLise heiau pre-Christian place of worship h'61ua sled, the sled course lililili pebble, small stone imu underground oven kauhale group of houses comprising a Hawaiian home ko'a fishing shrine k"Onane ancient Hawaiian game resembling checkers Ishai porch, verandah loko kuap7a enclosed shore fish pond luakini large heiau where ruling chiefs prayed and human sacrifices were offered maika ancient Hawaiian game like bowling M55VIIII sluice gate, as of a fish pond '-ohi'a-lehua Metrosideros macropus, M. Collina, hardwood tree pra-hale house lot, yard pahoehoe smooth, unbroken type of lava rock paparrMu konane board .'ulu maika stone used in maika game, bowling 40 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our appreciation to the following individuals for their contributions and continued support during the preparation of this plan. The Honorable Hannibal M. Tavares, Mayor of the County of Maui Toshio Ishikawa, Director, Department of Planning, County of Maui Christopher L. Hart, Deputy Director, Department of Planning Jeffery Y. L. Chang, Senior Planner, Department of Planning William Medeiros, Planner, Department of Planning Merie-Ellen F. Mitchell, CZM Coordinator, Department of Planning Wendee Correa, CZM Assistant, Department'of Planning Earl Nei ler, State Archaeologist, Department of Land and Natural Resources Nathan Napoka, State Historian, Department of Land and Natural Resources Elaine Rogers-Jordane, Department of Anthropology, Bernice P. Bishop Museum 41 3 6668 14108 8593