Analog and digital topographic map of Presque Isle State Park A report to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

OCTOBER 1994

Prepared by:
park RQGQUrCOG Management Information System

Department of Environmental Resources Harrisburg, PA 17105
Bureau of State Parks
Resources Management and Planning Division

Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program

Analog and Digital Topographic Map
of

Presque Isle State Park

DER Grant/Contract No. C21:92.02PS

Grant Task No. C21:92-

ME No. 91498

ME No. 91260

A Report of the Pennsylvania Department.of Environmental Resources

to the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Pursuant to

NOAA Award No.

PENNSYLVANIA
Funded and coordinated through
Department of Environmental
Resources, Office of Resources
Management,Bureau of Resources
Management, Division of Coastal
Zone Management and the Erie
Coastry Department of Planning.

Project was financed in part through a Federal Coastal Zone Management Grant from the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, with funds provided by the NOAA. The
views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or
any of its subagencies.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Bureau of State Parks would like to acknowledge the success of the Presque Isle State Park
Pilot GIS Project. This is the result of the generous efforts of many people from various
agencies. The opportunity to work with a variety of accomplished staff made this project a
rewarding experience and successful project.

A special thanks goes to Donald Hosk ins, Christina Dodge, and Thomas Whitfield of the Bureau
of Topographic and Geologic Survey for their assistance and coordination of the agreement with
the U.S. Geologic Survey and producing products for use.

Thanks to U.S. Geologic Survey Eastern Mapping Division for their assistance on developing the
coverage and overall GIS program for Presque Isle State Park.

Special acknow ledgement goes to Regis Crawford and the staff of the Bureau of Facility Design
and Construction, for his help with establishing survey control points for use with the program.
Also, with his help in determining GPS standards and methods to be used at Presque Isle State
Park.

Thanks goes out to James Ruff, Bureau of Forestry, for his advice and assistance with working
with coverage and the computer system at the Department of Environmental Resources.

Without the guidance and help of Craig Reed and Sally Holbert of Earth Information Services
the project would not have progressed as quickly and had sufficient standards developed.
Thanks for your patience and assistance on this project.

Without the help of James Bissell, Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Eric Jesperson,
Planned Dynamics Inc. the additional coverages that state parks wanted and didn't have the
information could not have been developed.

Cooperation is a must with any Geographic Information, Systemand without the information
provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District, the Bureau of State Parks
would not have historical shorelines to compare. Therefore a thanks goes out to the staff at
Buf falo.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

Acknowledge ments .............................................. i

Table of Contents .............................................. ii

List of Exhibits ................................................. iv

Executive Summary .............................................. 1

1.0 Introduction and Background Information ........................... 3

1.1 Purpose of Study ..................... 3
1.2 Historical Setting ...................... 3

1.2.1 History of Erosion of Presque Isle State Park ............... 6

1.3 Natural Resources ....................................... 6

1.3.1 Physiography ...................................... 6
1.3.2 Geology .......................................... 7
1.3.3 Vegetation ......................................... 8
1.3.4 Water .......................................... 9
1.3.5 Bolls ............................................ 11
1.3.6 Minerals ......................................... 13
1.3.7 Fish and Wildlife ............................... o... . 15
1.3.8 Species of Special Concern ............................ 17

1.4 Recreation Facilities ...................................... 19
1.5 Historical ............................................. 21
1.6 Shoreline Processes ............... o ...................... 24

1.6.1 Sand Spit Morphology ................................. 24
1.6.2 Captured Dunes ............................. o ....... 25
1.6.3 Shoreline Dynamics ................................. 26

2.0 Project Initiation ... - ...................................... 26

2.1 Geographic Information System .............................. 26
2.2 Meetings .............................................. 27
2.3 Agreements ... o o............ ................. 27
2.4 Equipment .................. .......... o ...... 28

2.4.1 Hardware ......................................... 28
2.4.2 Software ....................... o....... o ......... 28

2.5. Training ................. o............................. 35

3.0 Data Collection ................ o ............................ 35

3.1 U.S. Geological Survey ..... o 35
3.2 RBA Study .................. 35
3.3 Global Positioning System .................................. 36

Section Page

3.0 Data Collection (Continued)

3.4 Hardeopy Maps .......................................... 36

3.4.1 Raster Images ...................................... 38
3.4.2 Vector Images ...................................... 38
3.4.3 Digitizing .......................... I .............. 38
3.4.4 Scanning ................... i ..................... 38

3.5 Remote Sensing ......................................... 39
3.6 Administrative Records 39
3.7 C o o r d 1 n a t e G e o m e t r y 39
3.8 Other Sources of Data .................................... 39

4.0 Bureau of State Park Map Standards .............................. 39

4.1 Naming Conventions ............................ 40
4.2 Metadata ........................................... 40
4.3 Display and Output ....................................... 40

5.0 Budget .................................................... 60

6.0 System Evaluation ........................................... 60

6.1 Development ........................................... 60
6.2 Base Map .............................................. 60
6.3 Erosion/Deposition ....................................... 66
6.4 Special Maps ........................................... 66
6* 5 Environmentally Sensitive Area .............................. 66
6.6 Other Resource Potential Use ................................ 74
6.7 Future Application ....................................... 75

7.0 Recommendations ............................................ 75

Appendix ..................................................... 77

Bibliography ................................................... 83

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit Title Page

1-1 Soil Map ...................................... 12
1-2 Presque Isle State Park Mini-Map .................... 20
1-3 Historical Sites ................................. 22
1-4 Archaeological Sites .............................. 23
2-1 Letter to BTGS ................................. 29
2-2 USGS Agreement 594 PA 01709 ..................... 30
2-3 Planned Dynamics SPC 249388 ...................... 32
2-4 Earth Information Services SP C 239162 ............... 33

2-5 Hardware ..................................... 34

3-1 Environmental Sensitive Areas ...................... 37

4-1 State Park Name Code ............................ 41
4-2 Map Theme Names ............................... 43

4-3 Metadata Form ................................. 44

4-4 Metadata Sample ................................ 48
4-5 Log Sheet ..................................... 52
4-6 Log Sheet Sample .... ............................ 53
4-7 Map File ...................................... 54
4-8 Map File Sample ................................ 55
4-9 Map Display Standards ............................ 56
5-1 92 CZM Gra nt Budget ............................. 61
6-1 Coverage Contents ............................... 62
6-2 Presque Isle State Park Status Report ................. 65
6-3 Base Map 1994 .................................. 67
6-4 Shoreline aml ................................... 68
6-5 Numerous Shoreline Map ........................... 71
6-6 87-95 Comparison Map ............................ 72
6-7 Environmentally Sensitive Area Buffering .............. 73
6-8 Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Letter .... 76

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Presque Isle State Park is a seven-mile peninsula, encompassing approximately 3,200 acres in
size. The state park is managed by the Bureau of State Parks, Department of Environmental
Resources, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for recreation and conservation purposes. As the
years past and numerous yearly storms pound away at Presque Isle State Park's shoreline,
erosion and sedimentation occur along this shoreline. This results in a change of the shoreline
and a continuous growth of the state park. As a result of this constant change a program
needed to be devised to provide an up-to-date base map of the state park.

This project documents what is available, resource wise at the state park, types of equipment
purchased, training performed, technical assistance, and future plans. It states standards set
forth for the Bureau of State Parks to use in data collection and mapping. The project was
completed through joint ventures with the. state and federal agencies as well as private
corporations and individuals.

This report has been organized to present the background, historical, physical characteristics,
and recreational facilities of Presque Isle State Park in Section 1. Section 2 deals with the
project initiation which include the meetings, agreements, equipment purchases, and training.
The various ways in which data was collected is explained in Section 3. Section 4 deals with the
standards used on the project and establishes a starting point for a Geographic Information
System plan for the Bureau of State Parks. The final budget is explained in Section 5. A
discussion on the system and the current uses- of it are explained in Section 6 along with ideas
and future considerations for various applications.

The overall goal of this project was to provide a modern, up-to-date, accurate geographic data
base map in digital and cartographic format for use by the state park system in managing
Presque Isle State Park resources.

This project was a pilot project to collect very detailed topographic data and to prepare an
up-to-date lithographic map of the state park for managing the state park for recreational and
conservation purposes. In addition, data would be collected digitally for use on a state park
operated P.C. computer system that would allow augmenting and monitoring digital data as it is
modified through management decisions and as the shoreline is affected by rising and falling
lake levels. The project included data acquisition which meets standards for use of
Depart ment-approved computer systems; provision of necessary software and hardware, and
training for state park personnel to operate systems.

The program has been developed to the point that Arcview 2 will be used at the park to run
applications and do some editing and application development. Overall responsibility for the
basic coverage will be the Central Office staff of the Bureau of State Parks. Presque Isle State
Park will be able to produce any map of any scale for coverages that have been created along
with database reports.

The 92 CZM grant was the. first phase of the project with the 93 CZM grant as Phase II to be
completed in 1995. The Geographic Information System is a dynamic tool that will continue to
grow and actually never be 100 percent complete.

Phase Il of this project will complete and/or enhance coverage that are in development, write
applications for their use, and develop additional coverages to meet the needs of Presque Isle
State Park.

The following are the recommendations that the Resources Management Section will make to
the Bureau of State Parks with the CZM project is complete:

To take the information from this project and Phase Il and develop a Geographic Informa-
tion System Plan for the Bureau of State Parks before continuing with future applications.

o To use State Plane, NAD 83 as the standards projection for state park maps.

0 To establish a GIS coordinator to oversee the GIS program in BSP.

0 To require a inkjet plotter for maps upto 1711 x 1111 in size.

0 To use GPS equipment for collecting of data within the park boundary. The 1-2 meter
accuracy will be a major improvement in the quality of state park maps and will be an
acceptable error factor.

To use the Department's cardiographic section to digitize existing accurate maps into
Auto Cadd for use by Resources Management Section. The Resources Management
Section will use Arc CAD to take maps between Are Info and Auto CADD.

To acquire Arc CAD and Arc Scan modules for Arc Info for use with the GIS program-

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

This section of the report. describes the purpose of the project effort, discusses the
historical setting, natural resources, recreational opportunities, and shoreline processes of
Presque Isle State Park.

1.1 Purywe of St

Presque Isle State Park is a seven-mile peninsula, encompassing over 3,200 acres in
size. The state park is managed by the Bureau of State Parks, Department of
Environmental Resources, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for recreation and
conservation purposes. As the years past and numerous yearly storms pound away at
Presquelsle State Park's shoreline, erosion and sedimentation occur along this
shoreline. This results in a change to the shoreline and a continuous growth of the
state park. As a result of this constant change a program needed to be devised to
provide an up-to-date base map of the state park.

The overall goal of this project was to provide a modern, up-to-dateo accurate
geographic data base map in digital and cartographic format for use by the state
park system in managing Presque Isle State Park resources.

This project was a pilot project to collect very detailed topographic data and to
prepare an up-to-date lithographic map of the state park for managing the state
park for recreational and conservation purposes. In addition, data would be
collected digitally for use on a state park operated P.C. computer system that would
allow augmenting and monitoring digital data as it is modified through management
decisions and as the shoreline is affected by rising and falling lake levels. The
project included data acquisition which meets standards for use of Depart-
ment-approved computer systems; provision of necessary software and hardwarev
and training for state park personnel to operate systems..

1.2 Historical Setting of Presque Isle State Park

In terms of historical records, Presque Isle State Park was discovered and named by
the French in the 1720's (French Explorers). The name Presque Isle State Park when
translated into English means "almost an island."

However, there is little doubt that Presque Isle State Park was occupied by Indians
prior to the arrival of the French. The earliest native American inhabitants that we
can identify by name were the Erie's, who were in possession of this region until
their defeat and extermination by the Iroquois in 1650. From what we know of the
Erie's they were a somewhat domesticated people who could have cleared portions
of the peninsula for use in farming and possibly even settlement. But this can only
be termed speculation since there have not been any archaeological investigations to
verify that fact. Subsequently the Seneca nation of the Iroquois Confederacy
controlled the area, but they were primarily warriors, and it is doubtful they would
have used Presque Isle State Park for anything more than a hunting preserve.

French Period (1720-1759). The French did not come to northwestern Pennsylvania
for settlement, but to establish a series of military outposts with which to resist the
encroachment of the English. To them the peninsula had great strategic value as it
afforded natural protection for the harbor and against attack from the water. Two
sites have been identified - one at the neck of the peninsula and the other at the
easternmost tip, where the French may have erected military installations. Both
structures are said to have been made of brick.

British Period (1760-1763). Following their defeat by the British in the French &
Indian War, the French burned their fort on the mainland at the mouth of Mill
Creek, and abandoned their claims to northwest Pennsylvania. However, they were
still a presence, and this along with the threat of Indian attack prompted the British
to erect fortifications oi their own. But, they did not replace the French fort, they
simply built a blockhouse on the same site. A separate outpost and stockade were
constructed at the neck of the peninsula for the grazing of animals.

The British in turn were evicted from this area by the Indians during Pontiac's
Rebellion in 1763. The blockhouse on the mainland was destroyed. Presumably, the
post on Presque Isle State Park suffered the same fate.

No-Man's Land (1764-1794). The ferocity of the attack and continuing Indian
antagonism discouraged the British from any further fortification or settlement of
this region. Records of what transpired during this thirty year period are extremely
vague. This was a time in which the focus of the contest for domination first
between the Indian and white man, and later after 1771 between the Americans and
British, shifted further west. The destiny of northwest Pennsylvania was settled at
negotiating tables and in strife far removed from Presque Isle State Park. Out of
these negotiations came a resolution to a dispute over ownership of the Erie
Triangle which included the northern half of Erie County and the peninsula. In 1792,
Pennsylvania was able to purchase the disputed territory from the Federal
government. There is some evidence to suggest that there was a trading post here
during these years, which was visited from time-to-time by white men, both British
and American.

American Military Period (1795-1825). The defeat of the western Indians by
Anthony Wayne in 1795 finally cleared the way for. permanent settlement of this
region by the Americans. However, the British continued to intrigue the Indians
which posed a threat to the new village at what was then called Presque Isle State
Park. That such a threat existed was recognized in the 1794 act authorizing the
laying out of the town, which reserved a "tract of 100 acres on the peninsula,, for the
use of the United States in erecting forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, etc." The
need for such fortifications became a reality in 1812 with the outbreak of war with
England.

Battle of Lake Erie. Presque Isle State Park harbored a naval base during the War
of 1812. It was here that Commodore Perry built his ships and trained his men for
the coming battle.

On September 10, 1813, the British and American fleets clashed in a battle that
became the turning point in the War. After Perry's victory, the fleet returned to
Presque Isle State Park and erected a bunkhouse and storage building at Misery Bay.
Misery Bay received its name from the hardships his men endured during the cold
winter that followed.

In 1814, the brigs Niagara and Lawrence were sunk In Misery Bay In hopes of
preserving them. They were raised again to commemorate the centennial of the
War. The Lawrence was In such ill repair that it was sold for souvenirs. The
Niagara was sunk again, later to be raised and fixed.

In 1813, a large blockhouse was constructed on CrystalPoint just west of Misery Bay
to guard the harbor entrance. This installation remained in operation until 1825.
Also during this period Misery Bay served as a harbor for inactive vessels of the
American squadron as well as captured vessels of the British squadron from the
Battle of Lake Erie.

However, use of the peninsula was not entirely confined to military purposes and as
the commercial potential of Erie's harbor became apparent toward the close of the
period, the first-aid-to-navigation - a plerhead light, was installed on the north side
of the channel entrance in 1819.

Public Works Era (1826-1920) With the diminished possibility of attack, attention
now shifted from military concerns to the role of the peninsula in Erie's growing
maritime trade. The immediate need was to improve the channel entrance, and this
was done by the construction of a series of dikes and piers, under a
$20,000 appropriation from the Federal government.

A further problem for the harbor occurred when the neck of Presque Isle State Park
was breached by a storm in the winter of 1828-29. A second break in 1833 rapidly
expanded to a width of one mile and was not fully closed by natural siltation
until 1864. For a good part of this period, bulkheads were used to maintain a
400-foot wide navigation channel. In 1874, the peninsula was breached again. This
break was closed the following year with 400 feet of pile and plank fencing
strengthened with stone. These were just a few of the measures taken to arrest the
erosion of Presque Isle State Park by the Federal government during this period.
From 1829 to 1883, a total of $220,000 was spent on the construction of
breakwaters, jetties, and protective fencing.

In other matters of Federal concern, the Presque Isle State Park Lighthouse,
generally known as the flashlight was erected on the north shore of the. peninsula
in 1872. Three years later the first life-saving station was established on the north
side of the channel entrance.

In connection with the above, it should be noted that Presque Isle State Park had
many changes of ownership during this period, passing from the Federal government
to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, then to the City of Erie, then to the Marine
Hospital Corporation. Finally in 1871, legislation at both the Federal and State
levels provided an arrangement whereby for purposes of national defense and
protection of the harbor, custody and control of the peninsula was awarded to the
United States; while for the purposes of all other matters subject to civil and
'Criminal jurisdiction, actual title and ownership was vested in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania. Since this legislation further stipulated that the peninsula was "to be
held near as may be, in its present condition ..... 11 it appears that it was the intention
to limit commercial use. To what extent this prohibition was followed is difficult to
determine. We do know that a small fish processing plant was constructed on Misery
Bay in 1874. It is likely that other ventures, such as boating and bathing
concessions, were allowed as well.

In 1904, the City Water Commission was permitted to extend its intake pipe through
the peninsula into Lake Erie. A concrete-lined settling basin was added to the
system put into use on October 2p 1911. For the purpose of periodically emptying
and cleaning the settling basin, a hollow tile pumphouse was built in 1917.

State Park Era (1921-Present). In 1921, for the purposes of creating a state park,
Pennsylvania acquired outright ownership and control of Presque Isle State Park
with the exception of that land immediately surrounding the lighthouse and Coast
Guard station at the channel entrance, which was reserved to the Federal
government. Thus, began the period of the most intensive development in the
history of the peninsula. The first paved road was laid in 1924, which went to the
lakeside so visitors could view the lake. It was during these years that many of the
structures such as the cabins, picnic pavilions$ the Nature Center building, boat
livery buildings,. etc.0 some that we still see today were constructed. Other
structures such as sawmills, fire tower, etc., have since disappeared.

During the 1950s major changes were made to the state park to better accommodate
the growing crowds. The neck of the peninsula was widened on the lakeside by the
U.S. Corps of Engineers in 1956, when they placed 3,000,000 cubic yards of sand for
a distance of five miles. This was followed by a major landfill operation on the bay
side of the neck which was carried out by the Department of Forests and Waters.

When sand was taken from the area south of Long Pond to widen the peninsula, a
large new 12-foot deep inland lake was created for the marina. The new peninsula
neck, widened on both the lake and bay sides, was then sufficiently large enough to
plan and start building a one-way traffic circulation system, with integrated of f-
street parking and beach facilities.

In 1957, three modern bathhouses were completed, each unit with a 1,100 car
capacity parking area. New toilet facilities were provided. Over three miles of
water main was laid in 1958. The present state park administration building was
built in 1962.

1.2.1 History of the Erosion on Presque Isle State Park

The action of waves and littoral currents cause erosion on the Lake Erie side
of the peninsula and deposition at the distal end of the peninsula. The net
effect of this erosion and deposition is to cause a gradual movement of the
land mass from west to east. In the past, prior to the installation of groins
and a rock protected steel bulkhead, the neck of the peninsula had on
occasions been breached during severe storms. In 1917, the breach was wide
enough to accommodate small boat navigation between the lake and the bay.

Since the year 1819, the Federal and State governments have maintained the
peninsula and have combatted the erosion on the lakeside shore. This obliga.
tion has resulted in a considerable effort to stabilize and replenish the beach
areas. Perhaps the largest project in the past was in 1956, when the Corps of
Engineers installed much of the groin and bulkhead system along the neck of
the peninsula, and pumped sufficient sand from the bay to replenish the
beaches from the neck to the lighthouse.

Since 1956, activity has primarily been directed toward beach maintenance
by sand replenishment. During 1972 and 1973, an experimental grout filled
nylon bag reef was included in the sand replenishment contract in an attempt
to reduce sand losses from Beach 6. In 1978, breakwaters were placed in the
Beach 10 area as another experimental step in beach erosion control. This
resulted in sand build-up to the lee of the breakwaters with severe erosion to
the east.

1.3 Natural Resources

This section contains a brief narrative of the natural resources found at Presque Isle
State Park. The project area includes all of Presque Isle State Park and 500 feet out
from the shoreline.

1.3.1 Physiography

Presque Isle State Park lies within the Eastern Lake Section of the General
Lowland Physiographic Province and is an east-west trending sandspit, also
commonly called a peninsula. Its westernmost (proximal) end is connected to
the shore, while its easternmost (distal) end curves toward the shore, but is
not attached. Approximately seven miles long, Presque Isle is hook-shaped

with the point recurved toward shore at the east end. Width at the neck is
less than a thousand feet, while in the center and at the east end, width
exceeds one mile. The spit forms an embayment, Presque Isle Bay, between
its southern shore and the northern shore of the City of Erie. A channel at
the east end of the bay is maintained by dredging to permit ship access to the
harbor.

The sandspit formed sometime after the retreat of the last glacial advance
on Erie County (11,000 years ago) and after the last stage of Lake Erie
attained its current general elevation (3,500 years ago). Presque Isle State
Park's elevation ranges from 572 feet above sea level at the lake shore to
approximately 590 feet at some of the highest dunes. This difference yields a
maximum relief of nearly 20 feet within the state park boundary. ,

The reason for the spit's location and origin is uncertain. Studies of old maps
and aerial photos, the dynamics of the beaches and dunes, and processes along
the lake shore suggest that the materials comprising it have been transported
from the west. The probable source for most of the material is sediment
carried by streams to the lake and material eroded from the lake bluffs. The
sediment, composed predominantly of sand with lesser amounts of pebbles
and cobbles, was carried by shoreline (littoral) currents and subsequently
deposited to form the spit. At the time of its origin, the sediment supply
from the downcutting, youthful streams entering Lake Erie was much greater
than at present. As long as the sediment supplied to the spit was greater
than the amount of sediment being carried into deeper waters east of the
spit, the peninsula grew in both length and width.

1.3.2 Geology

Bedrock Formations Underlying Presque Isle State Park

Underlying the relatively thin veneer (approximately 100 feet) of sand and
other glacially derived sediments which make up Presque Isle State Park,
there is almost 6,000 feet of sedimentary rock. The sediments which make
up this rock were deposited from 600 to 350 million years ago when this area
was below sea level. The rocks consists of nearly horizontal layers of shale,
limestone, dolostone (magnesium limestone), claystone, sandstone, and salt.
The uppermost bedrock unit beneath Presque Isle State Park, the Devonian
.age Northeast Shale, is also exposed along the lake shoring in much of central
and eastern Erie County. This rock is predominantly a gray silty shale, with
thin layers of fine grained sandstone and calcareous (limy) layers and lenses.
The bedrock surface beneath the peninsula slopes gently lakeward from about
two feet below low water datum at the junction of the neck and the mainland
to more than 100 feet below the surface at two gas well locations. The
individual beds dip very slightly to the south, so that progressively younger
rocks are at the surface south of the lake.

Underlying the layers of sedimentary rock are older metamorphic rocks, such
as are exposed in Canada north of the sedimentary rock cover. A number of
wells, drilled primarily for oil and gas exploration, confirm the existence of
these metamorphic basement rocks, as well as the overlying sedimentary rock
sequence.

Pleistocene and Recent Deposits Under Presque Isle State Park

There is little specific data on the material directly above the bedrock at
Presque Isle State Park. Borings done by the Corps of Engineers just off the

lake shore of the Peninsula reveal up to about 20 feet of recent lake sand.
Along the neck, this overlies up to about 25 feet of silt and clay also
interpreted to be of recent age. From about Beach 4 east, the lowest
material penetrated by the borings is dense, fine-to-coarse sand and gravel
which the Corp's' reports described as glaciolacustrine sands. Depths of these
borings ranged from 2 0.7 to 48.2 f eet below lake level. Drilling on land, to
install monitoring wells near the septic systems found only sand, gravel and
some silt and clay to depths of approximately 35 feet. Drillers logs from two
gas wells in the state park indicated "fire clay" and "gray clay" at depths of
37 and 62 feet, extending to top of bedrock at 114 and 117 feet. This has
been interpreted as representing glacial diamict, but other interpretations
are possible.

One of the features that may support the idea of the existence of glacial
deposits under Presque Isle State Park is the Long Point-Erie ridge. This
topographic high on the lake bottom is "broad, flat-topped, and about 40 km.
(25. miles) wide" (1980 Corps' report) and has been interpreted as a glacial
moraine. The Corps of Engineers (1979 report) determined that the ridge is
topped by an average of 7 feet of sand and gravel; waves reworking a moraine
may be the source of the material sampled. A SW-NE channel separates the
ridge from the platform underlying Presque Isle State Park leaving room for
doubt that the ridge once extended to the south shore and that glacial
deposits underlie the spit.

1.3.3 Vegetation

0 ver the years, many different species of vegetation have been planted on
Presque Isle State Park. In 1920, over 20,000 poplar trees were planted.
Lombardy poplar was planted in the roadway medians which resulted in a
short term distinctive feature of the state park. Records indicate that many
cottonwood plantings have been made mostly for the exigencies of soil
stabilization and aesthetic effects. In the 1950s or 60s, a cottonwood
plantation was established in the Cookhouse Pavilion area. Other plantings
include the Scotch pine plantation located along Pine Tree Road, and the
introduction of Phragmites into the wetland areas. Some of these plantings,
such as Phragmites, are now endangering rare plants in. the state park.

In 1985, the forest types on Presque Isle State Park were mapped by the
Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry and,the Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks.
Four forest types encompassing 1,392 acres are recognized on Presque Isle
State Park. These forest types are the mixed oak, northern hardwoods, pine
plantation, and cottonwood. Approximately 190 acres of the state park are in
mixed oak type which consists of red oak, black oak, and red maple in the
overstory. The northern hardwood type contains 204 acres with black cherry
and red maple forming the overstory. The pine plantation contains
approximately 92 acres with the dominant species being Scotch pine with
scattered pitch pine and white pine. The remaining forested area of
690 acres consist of eastern cottonwood.

An effort to update plant species of special concern locations was initiated
in 1980 by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PA
DER) and Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (WPC) through the
Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) project. In 1985, field
surveys were begun by PA DER, WPC, Presque Isle State Park Audubon
Society, and Cleveland Museum of Natural History. This field Inventory was
continued through 1986 and 1987 by the Cleveland Museum of Natural
History. The 1987 botanical survey included a natural community

classification description and mapping.project (Bier, C.W. and
J. Bissell, 1987). As a result of these inventories, exotic plant species
invasion was identified as a threat to the natural integrity of Presque Isle
State Park's native flora and natural communities. An exotic plant control
project was initiated by the Bureau of Parks and Forestry, Division of Coastal
Zone Management, and Cleveland Museum of Natural History (Bissel, 1989).
Active management is being done by mechanical removal of nuisance species
at selected sites.

The lake shore dunes along the north side of the peninsula are built and
stabilized primarily by two species of grass: beach grass and switch grass.
Cottonwoods naturally establish on the stabilized grass dunes.

Mature and young cottonwoods are a prominent component of the lower
elevations of the ridge vegetation, the marsh/ridge transition areas, and
where past filling operations created flat expanses. Cottonwood and willows
are also aggressive invaders on exposed mineral sites adjacent to the areas of
rapid sand accretion. Cottonwood is a short-lived species that has a
remarkable ability when young to generate adventitious roots as sand
accumulates above the initial and subsequent root collar(s). Eastern
cottonwood, together with willows, is instrumental in helping to both create
and stabilize dunes. In some instances, they may be replaced by red maples,
black oak, or black cherry. But in other areas, their impending loss may leave
only low, semi-shrubby cover and it will be an extended period of time before
other more tolerant trees attain present canopy levels.

The old fields and savannahs encompass 39 acres on Presque Isle State Park.
Old fields consist primarily of bayberry, Indian grass, and various species of
goldenrod. The savannahs are dominated by Indian grass, little bluestem, and
switch grass.

The wetlands of Presque Isle State Park are a highly complex, extremely
vulnerable system and are some of the best and most extensive wetlands in
Pennsylvania. They are invaluable as a habitat for waterfowl and other
wildlife, a support for fisheries, and sanctuary for rare and endangered
species; and an asset for their educational, recreational and aesthetic values.
Wetlands comprise 458 acres on Presque Isle State Park. The major species
found in the wooded swamps are blackgum and red maple. The shrub swamps
are dominanted by buttonbush. The marshes and wet meadows are character-
ized by sedges, cattails, bur-reed, phragmites, spatterdock, and fragrant
white lily.-

1.3.4 Water

Lake Erie Water Levels

The water level of Lake Erie at any point in time depends on a balance of the
amount of water received from the amount of water removed by a variety of
means. If these quantities are in exact balance, the general lake level is
constant. If the quantities received are greater then the quantities removed,
the volume of water in the lake increases and the lake level rises and, in the
absence of any controls, the outflow increases. The amount of change
depends on the magnitude of changes inwater supply and the timing of the
passage of this supply through the system. Changes in water supply and the
timing of Its flow are the result of the interaction of the natural and
artificial factors which affect the supply and discharge of water to and from
the system. The range of levels and flows is also directly affected by the

relationship between the area of the lake and the discharge capacity of its
major outlet(s).

There are three categories of water level fluctuations that should be under-
stood with respect to observed levels on Lake Erie. Each of these categories
produces an affect with respect to Presque Isle State Park. The three
categories are: long-term, seasonal, and short period.

Long-term fluctuations are the result of conditions within the hydrologic
cycle over an extended period of time. Hydrologic imbalances that result in
a low water supply produces low levels such as were recorded on Lake Erie in
the mid-60s. Those imbalances that produce a high water supply produce high
levels such as were recorded in 1973 and again in 1985. In examining the
period of record (1860-1994), no case can be made for regular, predictable
cycles in water levels. Intervals between episodes of high and low levels and
the duration of any episode vary widely for the 125 year period. The range
between extremes of high and low are in the magnitude of 5.3 feet (1.8m).

Seasonal fluctuations in water level are superimposed on the long-term
changes and are based on the normal annual hydrologic cycle. These seasonal
variations are predictable in the sense that higher net supplies can be
expected in the spring and early summer with lower net supplies during the
remainder of the year. With one possible exception, the high water level for
Lake Erie has always been recorded by late July. In most instances the high
level comes at the end of May and persists through June and early July.
These variations are normally small, averaging about 1.5 feet (.46 m) on Lake
Erie.

Short-period fluctuations can last from a few hours to several days and are
caused by meteorological disturbances. Wind and difference in barometric
pressure over the surface of a lake can create some significant changes in
levels without changing the overall volume of water in the lake. During such
an event winds blowing from the WNW over the long fetch of Lake Erie can
produce simultaneous readings at the eastern and western ends of the lake
that can vary as much as 8 feet (2.44 m).

The Formation of Presque Isle State Park Ponds and Lagoons

The ponds, lagoons and wetlands of Presque Isle State Park are a highly
complex, extremely vulnerable system. They are invaluable as a habitat for
waterfowl and other wildlife, a support for fisheries, a sanctuary for rare and
endangered species, and an asset for their educational, recreational and
aesthetic value.

Presque Isle State Park is a unique recurving sandspit-formed peninsula.
Erosion of sand at the western neck of the peninsula is redeposited at the far
eastern end of the peninsula. The repeated breaching of the neck and the
development of the Isle's northeast extension constantly caused new bars to
form eventually touching the land mass and trapping lake waters forming
beach or sandspit ponds.

The ponds that develop along the lake side are always elongated and parallel
to the present or former shoreline, and initially only a few meters from the
lake. The ponds may persist for a few months or for several hundred years
old. Beach ponds that are sealed in formation, have no direct lake contact.
These ponds are shallow and narrowly elongated. As the pond ages, its
volume and surface area are reduced as the perimeter is filled In by

windblown sand and organic matter accumulated through the death and decay
of organisms.

Another type of pond formation that occurs on Presque Isle State Park
Peninsula are lagoon ponds. These ponds are formed when sand, eroded from
the lakeside moves eastward and is deposited at the northeast end.
Occasional strong wave action carries sand around the eastern tip creating a
recurved beach which isolates a fingerlike pool from the main body of the
lake. Lagoon ponds may retain contact with the lake for a number of years.

Groundwater on Presque Isle State Park

Groundwater is water which occurs in the subsurface in space between solid
materials. In the case of Presque Isle State Park, which is predominately
sand, 25 to 50 percent of the total volume can be occupied by groundwater.

The water table, which is the upper surface of water saturation, is very
shallow on Presque Isle State Park. Below the water table, all space between
solid materials is occupied by water. In general, the water table has the
same (or slightly higher) elevation as the surface of the lake. During the wet
periods, the water table on Presque Isle State Park rises. During dry periods,
the water table is lower; approximating lake level. The time it takes for a
"higher" water table to readjust itself to lake level is proportional to the time
it takes for water to move through the sand. The loose, unconsolidated sand
which comprises Presque Isle State Park is very permeable, allowing water to
move through the material relatively easily. In an undisturbed state though,
groundwater movement is slow (zero to a few feet per day) because of the
level conditions. Like surface water, groundwater requires a slope In order to
flow. As slope increases, flow rate increases. The high permeability of the
sand, and hydrostatic pressure exerted by the surrounding lake, prohibits the
water table from falling significantly below lake level. This situation
provides a very stable supply of groundwater. However, the permeable
conditions allows for rapid changes in groundwater quality.

1.3.5 SoUs

The four soil types which occur in the state park are all "new" soils which are
currently in the process of formation and change. Caution needs to be
exercised due to their fragility and in selecting species to be planted due to
the lack of soil nutrients and drought-prone characteristics of these soils. A
soil map of Presque Isle State Park is included in this report, Exhibit 1-1.

Beach and Riverwash (Ba) is a miscellaneous land type is made up of
unassorted sand, gravel, and small fragments of flagstone. Before sediments
are deposited on the beach, they are transported by streams and are then
dropped into the waters of the lake. Here, they are reworked by wave action
and are then washed onto the beach. During storms the beach material is
again reworked and is carried eastward by shore currents. In its place new
sediments are deposited by waves. During the winter a well-defined beach is
often altered greatly by storms.

Beach and riverwash is not stable enough to maintain a cover of plants. It
consists largely of material weathered from the underlying shale;, it also
includes some sediments of sandstone, granite,.and quartzite that were
carried into the area by glaciers. No soil profile has developed.

lie

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This land type has no value for agriculture, but it provides valuable areas for
recreation.

Beach Sand, Stabilized (Bb) is a miscellaneous land type consists of deep,
sandy beach material that is nearly level and moderately well-drained to
poorly drained. This material is mostly acidic with the exception of the
moist sandplains at Budney Beach which has alkaline characteristics. It is
protected by a beach ridge from the waves of Lake Erie. The material has
been in place long enough so that it has a cover of plants but not long enough
for a soil profile to form. It does, however, have an organic surface layer.
No erosion has taken pla ce,

This extensive land type occurs only on Presque Isle State Park. The
vegetation consists primarily of cottonwood, bayberry, and several important
grasses - Indiangrass, switchgrass, and little bluestem. The seeds of these
grasses apparently were brought to Presque Isle State Park by the lake
current.

This miscellaneous land type formerly consisted of shifting sand. The sand
became stabilized after a ridge was built up that protected it from wave
action. The beach sand is only 1 to 1 1E feet above the level of the lake. The
permanent water table, therefore, is only about that depth below the surface.
The beach sand is low in plant nutrients but the groundwater has minerals and
nitrogen in solution. These plant nutrients, along with the favorable
permeability of the material and the stable supply of moisture,. cause plants.
to make.a dense growth.

This land type has little agricultural value. It is suitable for recreational use
and is also suitable for trees or for wildlife habitats.

Dune Sand (Ds) is a miscellaneous land type consists of deep, loose, droughty,
windblown sands. The sands were sorted from the lacustrine materials by
wind and were blown into the shape of dunes. These dunes were built
primarily by beach grass and switch grass. The dunes lack the characteristic
crescent or oblong shape of active dunes because they have been partially
stabilized by little bluestem, switchgrass, and cinquefoil.

Fresh Water Marsh (Fm) is a land type that occurs in shallow lagoons on the
bay side of Presque Isle State Park. The soil material consists of 6 to
12 inches of partly decomposed organic material that is underlain by deep
lacustrine sand and gravel. The surface is covered by 1 to 3 feet of water.
The water level fluctuates seasonally and is especially high following storms.

The areas support a luxuriant growth of sedges and are suitable as habitats
for wildlife. In general, most of the Presque Isle State Park marshes are
sedge marshes, and the sedge marshes support many plants of special
concern. The growth of cattails in many of the marshes is associated with
disturbance and the cattail growth may well be a long term threat to the
sedge marshes in the state park.

1.3.6 Minerals

Oil and.Gas

A number of gas producing zones exist within the upper 1,000 feet of
bedrock, which consists of shales, siltsones, and very fine sandstone.
Production from this zone is usually sufficient for domestic or light

commercial use. Production life from this shallow zone varies substantially,
ranging from I year or less to as much as 20 years.

The major commercial gas producing geologic formations in Erie County are
the Oriskany Sandstone and Medina Group sands, which occur at a depth of
approximately 1,300 feet and 2,100 feet respectively beneath Presque Isle
State Park. The Oriskany is very erratic in occurrence and has not been
proven to exist beneath the peninsula. Gas or oil production from deeper
geologic formations has not been evaluated to date.

There are two gas wells located in the state park. The Marina well drilling
(permit number ERI-20846) was completed on October 10, 1979, at a depth of
1,276 feet. It was estimated to heat several buildings (marina, manager's
home, and administration building) for 30 to 40 years. PA DER provided
$23pOOO towards the $200,000 project. The well proved to be a
disappointment producing only 4,000 cubic feet per day in the first year.

The Beach 7 well was drilled in 1910 by the City of Erie at a depth of
3,572 feet. It was used to run machinery at waterworks park and later
abandoned in the 1920s. The marina gas well is currently used to heat the
administration building garage, maintenance building, carpenter shop, and the
marina comfort station.

In 1970, a black, foul-smelling surface discharge was reported in the Beach 7
well area. The discharge resulted in the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into
the air and other hazardous substances into the soil and shallow ground water
near the well. As the odors continued, DER uncovered the pavement
overlying the discharge in 1979, and identified the well as the source of the
discharge. The discharge was found to be emanating from a deep
underground formation called the Bass Island formation.

From 1964 to 1971, over one-billion, ninety-million ga Ilons of wood pulping
wastes were injected into the Bass Island formation by the Hammermill Paper
Company at wells located approximately four miles to the east of the
Presque Isle State Park 7 well. An explanation is that the injected wood
pulping wastes flowed along the Bass Island formation and surfaced at the
Beach 7 well. Beach 7 well was shut off and plugged in April 15, 1980 to
900 feet of the surface. At that time a substantial amount of gas was found
near the surface that did have potential for use.

In September 1983, the Beach 7 well was placed on EPA's National Priorities
List. The National Priorities List consists of hazardous sites across the
country where cleanup need's are so serious as to warrant designation as a
Superfund site. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as the "Superfund," was passed
by Congress in 1980. The Act addresses the nationwide problem of
uncontrolled hazardous sites.

In 1992, EPA delisted the well from the National Priorities List. Restoration
work was done on the site.

Iron

Iron ore was mined in the 1800s at the bluffs at the neck of the 'peninsula.

1.3.7 Fish and Wildlife

There are over 22 species of mammals, 30 species of "herptiles over
780 species of invertebrates, 17 species of fish, and a minimum of 321 bird
species which have been found at Presque Isl e State Park.

Fish

The fish community inhabiting Lake Erie, Presque Isle Bay, and tributary
streams is diverse and unlike that found in any other part of Pennsylvania.
Lake Erie has at least 17 species of fish involved in the sport fishery and
about 15 species in the commercial harvest. Presque Isle Bay supports a
warm water fishery, while Lake Erie supports both a cold and warm water
fishery. Lake Erie provides an opportunity for anglers to catch coho and
chinook salmon, and steelhead trout. It is one of the f ew waterways
inhabited by lake trout, rainbow smelt, bowf in, longnose and spotted gar, and
freshwater drum. In addition to these species there are at least 86 other
species of fish known to occur in these waters. Most of these species will
reproduce in the waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries. In some tributaries
natural reproduction of trout has been noted. All but the smallest tributaries
sustain spawning runs of coho, chinook salmon, and steelhead and rainbow
trout. Smallmouth bass, white suckers, smelt, and emerald shiners also use
the mouth of the largest streams as nursery areas or spawning grounds.
Reproduction of muskellunge has not yet been documented.

Invertebrates

Presque Isle State Park has a spectacular series of habitats laid out in
chronological sequence from a few months to hundreds of years in age. The
peninsula is in continual transition and several collectors have noted that
Presque Isle State Park has the most diverse population of faunal species in
the northeastern -United States. The geographic location of Presque Isle
State Park is such that it is on the border for southern extension of the
northern range of species and northern extension of the southern range of
species. There are over 780 invertebrate species representing 7 phyla
recorded for Presque Isle State Park. Many invertebrates are near the
bottom of the food chain and are necessary for the whole ecosystem to exist
and an understanding of the various phyla may provide an understanding of
the changing pond conditions on Presque Isle State Park. There is evidence of
a decrease in certain insect populations notably of the order Odonata over
the past 30 years. Lepidopterists have noted color variant of butterflies on
Presque Isle State Park. A list of invertebrates was compiled by
Masteller (1986) in a comprehensive literature search and field work.

Zebra Mussels

The exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpla) is present in Lake Erie and
was first observed at Presque Isle in 1990. The explosions In numbers of this
mussel has caused problems with man-made structures and native mollusc.
The windrow effect on the beaches of washed up shells from dead zebra
mussels may require some maintenance efforts. There are no control
measures other than educating the users to the presence of zebra mussels and
the need to avoid transporting the mussels to unaffected waters.

Amphibians and Reptiles

Of the 30 species of herpetofauna present or expected to be present on
Presque Isle State Park, McPherson captured or observed 19 of these species
in a study conducted in late summer of 1982. McPherson's study showed that
frogs and toads form the largest populations of amphibians in the state park.
Only a few species of salamanders were observed or captured during the
study with the red spotted newt being the most. common. Four species of
snakes were observed in the state park. The two most common species of
snakes were the northern brown snake (Storeria d. dekay! and the eastern
garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalls . Nine species of turtles have been
recorded for the peninsula, but only 5 species were observed during the
1982 study. The midland painted turtle was the most abundant turtle found on
Presque Isle State Park.

Wildlife

A complex of physical and biological factors determine the occurrence of a
specific plant community in an.area. In turn, many species of wildlife require
a specific type of plant community or association of specific plant
communities to thrive. Because of the diversity of physical and biological
factors found at Presque Isle State Park, there are many different species of
wildlife inhabiting the state park.

The 1934-35 Erie County survey, dealt specifically with Presque Isle State
Park. From this data, in addition to what is known about individual species
range and habitat preferences, it is estimated that Presque Isle State Park
may be the home to as many as 48 different species representing 7 taxonomic
orders. Only 22 species have actually been verified for Presque Isle State
Park.

Because of the peninsula's geographic location and the diversity of natural
habitats which occur there, Presque Isle State Park is a haven for birdlif e. It
is important both as a resting and feeding area for multitudes of migrants and
as a nesting area for many species, including several important species of
special concern. A minimum of 321 species of birds have been recorded on
Presque Isle State Park. At least 45 of these are off icially listed as species
of special concern: 6 are state or federally endangered, and 6 are listed as
threatened. Two federally endangered species-- the bald eagle and the
piping plover - nested on the peninsula as late as the mid-1950s.

Deer were artificially stocked on Presque Isle State Park during the 1950s.
At that time 40 deer were placed on the peninsula. They thrived, their
population exploded, and all reachable portions of palatable species of
vegetation were heavily browsed. Supplemental feeding by area residents
avoided some starvation but it tamed many animals. Consequently, when the
Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) reduced the population, there was a
huge public outcry.

The population built back up again and reached the point in the early 1970s
where starvation was in evidence despite supplemental feeding. At that time
the population was estimated at between 200 and 300 deer. Fifty carcasses
were found in the winter of 1974, and the Pennsylvania Game Commission
began a public relations effort to advise the public that the deer suffered
from overprotection. Citizens were led on a hike to see first-hand the poor
conditions of the live animals and the number of frozen carcasses that
existed.

In 1975, Pennsylvania Game Commission personnel conducted a trap and
transfer program with public acclaim instead of criticism. That favorable
public opinion held in spite of a loss of approximately 30% of the animals,
primarily weakened yearlings and doe. The Pennsylvania Game Commission
reduced the herd in 1975 from more than 200 deer to 75 by the use of
anesthetizing darts and the transport of the immobilized animals to other
state game lands in northwestern Pennsylvania.

An annual aerial deer survey was initiated in 1980 to monitor deer
populations on Presque Isle State Park.

Red fox are known to be breeding suc ce ssfully on Presque Isle State Park.
This is documented by numerous observations by state park and Pennsylvania
Game Commission personnel and others. There are no formal population
studies to document specific total numbers or trends. Fox populations can be
cyclically affected by diseases.

Raccoons are commonly observed on Presque Isle State Park. While the state
park's raccoon population is subject to normal fluctuations in the population
levels, the numbers of raccoons appear to stay consistently high. This is
primarily caused by the availability of garbage, artificial feeding, and
protection from natural enemies. As documented by the McPherson (1982)
study conducted on Presque Isle State Park, turtle egg predation by raccoons
occurs in inordinate amounts with possible predation on snake and bird eggs.

A population of beavers is prese nt in the state park. Their presence adds to
the diversity of wildlife. However, beaver activity in developed use areas
pose problems with fallen trees. Control measures may be implemented to
regulate the number of beavers in use areas.

1.3.8 Species of Special Concern

Birds

There are 35 birds listed as Pennsylvania species of special concern in 1994.
Of these, the bald eagle, pipingplover, and peregrine falcon are listed as
federal endangered. The bald eagle and the piping plover nested on the
peninsula as late as the mid-1950s.

At least 10 species of special concern rely upon wetland habitat, and at least
21 species of special concern rely upon woodlands and/or edges with at
least 5 of these relying upon dead trees within or on the edge of woodland
habitats. At least 17 species of special concern rely upon open sandy beaches
and/or open grasslands, and the remaining species of special concern
(breeding, former breeding, visitor, or migrant) rely upon a variety of
habitats including open water. Some species, such as the bald eagle, require
large undisturbed areas for nesting and feeding.

Fish

There are 8 fish species listed as Pennsylvania species of special concern
found within the Presque Isle Bay and peninsula waters. The mooneye is
listed as Pennsylvania extirpated, however, two specimens have been
captured and verified by anglers in Presque Isle Bay. These records may be
doubtful. The species persists either In Presque Isle State Park or, more
likely, has penetrated the eastern basin as transients from western Lake Erie.

The blue pike Is listed as extinct. The lake sturgeon is listed as Pennsylvania
endangered. Young specimens are occasionally reported in Presque Isle Bay
by anglers and adult specimens have been reported caught and released by
commercial fishermen in Lake Erie. The Lake Erie Research Unit of the
Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission measured a 179 centimeters total
length (aged 40+ years by fin ray section) specimen which was washed ashore
at North East, Pennsylvania in 1975. The most recent specimen was
observed 1991.

The eastern sand darter is lis ted as Pennsylvania threatened. The species has
a reproducing population along the shores of eastern Lake Erie and most
probably near or within Presque Isle State Park, although Its numbers must be
greatly diminished. In 1975, a specimen was collected Inside of the bay near
the tip of the peninsula, and in Horseshoe Pond in September 1990.

There are 4 species listed as Status Indeterminate: Iowa darter, silver chub,
lake herring, and the lake whitefish. The Iowa darter Is a glacial relic that is
now limited to only two other locations In Pennsylvania outside of Presque
Isle State Park. Because of this and its restricted habitat requirements, it is
felt the species is very sensitive to habitat deterioration and vulnerable to
extirpation in its Pennsylvania range. The Iowa darter is believed to be
limited at Presque Isle State Park to the south shore but has also been found
in the lagoon across from Misery Bay near the boat livery. Cooper, 1985
(Species of Special Concern) indicates that the species is "locally common."
Any threat to its habitat in this ecological reserve of Presque Isle State
would probably weaken the vitality of this isolated population, and species in
Pennsylvania. The silver chub is listed as Status Indeterminate by the
Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission although it is considered to be
threatened. The silver chub has been reported caught annually in the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service population assessment exercises in the western
basin of Lake Erie. Only one specimen has been reported since 1971 in
eastern Lake Erie. Since 1971, a single specimen of lake herring has been
captured by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission in Pennsylvania
waters of Lake Erie. Isolated occurrences along the beaches of Presque Isle
.State Park are possible in the fall and winter. The lake herring prefers cool
temperatures and deep water, and consequently is not a likely inhabitant of
Presque Isle Bay or peninsula waters. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat
Commission has been able to document reproduction of the lake whitefish
annually since 1971. Whitefish year classes vary considerably in size, and
there are still at least 10 or more age groups in the Lake Erie population, and
the limited commercial catch seems to have a minimal effect on stock size.
The species contact with Presque Isle State Park is limited to casual
excursions from its deep water habitat in spring and fall. Because its
numbers are but a fraction of its abundance in the first half of this century,
the species status remains undetermined. The occasional large year class,
e.g. 1985, seems to suggest possible rehabilitation to higher levels of
abundance.

Other species of concern include the spotted gar and the bowf in, both are
considered rare. The spotted gar is still found in trapnet surveys and other
Presque Isle Bay and peninsula water fish collection exercises. Presque Isle
Bay and peninsula habitats are the only areas of the spotted gar's
Pennsylvania distribution. The bowf in population at Presque Isle State Park
appears to be one of the self-substaining ones which thrives in its original
Pennsylvania range. The bowfin Is unique among North American fish
because it is the sole representative of the order Amilformes.

18 -

Invertebrates

Minimal information exists for Presque Isle State Park invertebrates. There
are 4 insect species, and 8 species of mollusk listed as Pennsylvania species
.of special concern known from Presque Isle State Park.

There are 7 species of invertebrates that may or may not be present on
Presque Isle State Park because of elimination of their habitats. They are
the silver spotted skipper (Eparyureus clarus , the roadside skipper
(Amblyscirtes vialls p pepper and salt skipper (Amblyscirtes hegon , regal
frillilary (Speyeria idalla , zebra swallowtall (Eurytides marcellus , and the
West Virginia white (Artogeia virginiensis). A list of the species of special
concern and their Pennsylvania status is located in the Appendix.

Amphibians and Reptiles

There are two known "herptiles" species listed as Pennsylvania species of
special concern in 1986 and no known amphibians or reptiles listed on the
Federal Species List. The Blandings' turtle is listed as Pennsylvania
Endangered, and the eastern hoghnose snake is listed as Status Indeterminate.

Mammals

At this time there are no known mammals at Presque Isle State Park
currently listed as federal or Pennsylvania species of special concern.
However, Keen's little brown bat (Myoti keenii) has been found not far from
the pennisula in Millereek Township and is listed as Pennsylvania vulnerable.
The prairie deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdil , is a species of
special local concern which was collected quite commonly along the beach at
the eastern end of the peninsula as late as 1959. Collections made in recent
years throughout the county have not yielded any specimens of this mouse.

1.4 Recreation Facilities

.Presque Isle State Park, located in Pennsylvania!s northwestern corner on the south
shore of Lake Erie, is unique in many aspects. It is extremely diverse in its physical
make-up and thus its usage. Presque Isle State Park or "the Peninsula" as it is
commonly referred to, is many things to many people (Exhibit 1-2). Exhibit is the
map being currently used and will be replaced with the new base map at the
conclusionof Phase 11 of this project.

Presque Isle State Park's usage is most concentrated during the period of late June,
July, and August. Swimming/sunbathing Is overwhelmingly the most prevalent
activity, accounting for approximately 75% of all visitor recreation during this time.
Many of these visitors are from out-of-town and contribute significantly to the
tourism industry in Erie. By comparison, all other recreational and educational
activities appear to have light participation.

The recreational opportunities include picnicking at one of 825 tables, boating using
both non-powered and powered craft, water skiing, fishing, limited hunting, hiking,
ice fishing, cross-country skiing, bicycling, roller blading, and environmental
education opportunities. In conjunction with boating the state park provides six
launch ramps, 498 slip marinas, and boat rentals which include canoes, row boats,
and motorboats.

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15 PRESCUE ISLE 8AY
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J* SAFTY NOTICE
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A large percentage of the state park visitors come year-round to drive their cars on
the peninsula and view the flora and fauna. These are mostly local residents who
see the state park as their "country" environment. For the naturalist, the quality of
their experiences on Presque Isle State Park rate high among those who come to
study and enjoy the ecological environment so unique to this sandspit.

1.5 Historical Sites/Structures

Presque Isle State Park possesses several types of resources which make it unique
within the state park system. Among these are the large number of sites with
archaeological potential dating from the periods of French, British, and American
military occupation (1753-1825). Of further significance are those buildings and
structures which pre-date the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) era (1933-42)
during which the vast majority of state park facilities were constructed. While
several of these were built by the City of Erie for what came to be known as
I'Pumphouse Park," they are now owned by the Commonwealth.

There are a total of 30 historic build ings/st ructures/sit es (Exhibit 1-3) which have
been documented for Presque Isle State Park. One of the historic buildings is the
Presque Isle State Park Lighthouse, which has been listed in the National Register of
Historic Places under a nomination submitted by the Historic American Engineering
Record Great Lakes Lighthouse Survey in 1979.

The following table presents a summary of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum
Commission's Historic Resource Survey Forms which are located in the Appendix:

1. Fog Signal Station, ca. 1899.
2. Single Dwelling, ca. 1870. Lighthouse Establishment.
3. Double Dwelling, ca. 1900. Lighthouse Establishment.
4. Pierhead Light, ca. 1819. Lighthouse Establishment.
5. Leo's Boat Livery. 1938.
6. "French Stone Chimney," ca. 1753.
7. British Post, 1760.
8. Crystal Point Blockhouse, 1813.
9. French Blockhouse, ca. 1758.
10. Caviar Factory, ca. 1874.
11. Fire Tower, ca. 1928.
12. Biological Field Laboratory, ca. 1930.
13. "Waterworks" Sawmill, ca. 1921.
14. Thompson Monument, ca. 1931. Park & Harbor Commission.
15. Misery Bay, ca. 1753-1945.
16. Nature Center, "English Cottage" style, ca. 1937.
17. Pumphouse, ca. 1917.
18. Smokehouse Pavilion, ca. 1920. (Cookhouse).
19. Manager's Residence, Former Summer House, ca. 1903.
20. Presque Isle State Park Lighthouse, ca. 1872.
21.- 29. Nine Miscellaneous State Park Buildings, ca. 1930.
30. Perry Monument, ca. 1926.

Presque Isle State Park contains a large area of potentially sensitivity (Exhibit 1-4)
in regards to archaeological.

....... ....

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PARK RESOURCES PREPARED LEGEND r"' Trail Park Parkin B
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGNED BY:KAT Im U Boundary Lots
BUREAU OF STATE PARKS DRAWN BY, GRJ Parks 0 BreakwateE Ponds 2 H
OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY DkTF- 10/29/94 FM Road Groins Lagoon S

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PARK RESOURCES PREPARED LEGEND T r a i 1 Park Parking
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGNED BY: KAT Boundary Lots
BUREAU OF STATE PARKS DRAWN BY: GRJ Parks N Breakwateo BuildinqT@j
OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY DATE- 10/29/94 Road Groins

1.6 Shoreline Processes

Presque Isle State Park is a compound recurved sand spit that is migrating to the
NNE at an, indefinite rate. The origin of Presque Isle State Park is related to a
supply of sand and gravels deposited by receding glaciers 10,000 years ago and a lake
level that has varied through a hundred feet or more since that time. This supply of
sediment has rotated off a clay and bedrock platform that exists to the west of
Presque Isle State Park between the current position of the neck and Walnut Creek.

The leading edge of the migrating spit (Gull Point) is spilling sand carried the length
of the spit into deeper waters. The platform that supports Presque Isle State Park
does not extend to the east. Therefore it Is unlikely that Presque Isle State Park
will migrate as a spit form any further down the coast. In fact, if left unprotected,
Presque Isle State Park would evolve into a "flying spit" and eventually disappear
into the deeper waters of the eastern basin of Lake Erie. The apparent "growth" of
Gull Point at the distal end of the spit is attributable mainly to a large amount of
sand moving down the face of the spit in the late 1920s. This "slug" of sand was
available as a result of severe storms and rising lake levels eroding beaches that had
accumulated sediment during the quieter times preceding 1925. Gull Point has
grown appreciably since 1955. The Army Corps of Engineers nourished the beaches
in 1955-56 with four million cubic yards of very fine sand which eroded to the distal
end within months of being deposited.

Presque Isle State Park is, as a landforin type, an old age geomorphic feature that
!1as evolved over time under conditions that are in constant change. The fact that it
is migrating with a net annual loss to its existing form is an indication of advancing
age. In the case of Presque Isle State Park, such rejuvenation, a sustained increase
in the amount of sediment available for growth and/or a significant decrease in the
water level of Lake Erie would rejuvenate Presque Isle State Park.

1.6.1 Sand Spit Morphology

Sand spits develop when littoral drift plays a predominate role in the system,
provided the drifting sediment enters a zone of slack water where deposition
can occur. Littoral drift is a current that operates along the shore. This
current carries sediment deposited as material eroded from updrift. At
Presque Isle State Park this littoral drift system generally operates in a
southwest to northeast direction.

When there is, in the shore region, a surplus of unconsolidated sediment, the
prevailing currents sweeping the shore (littoral) will carry this sediment along
the shore. This longshore transport system effectively distributed sand and
gravel along the coast. The eroding shore and streams carrying sediment add
to the overall supply along any given reach of shoreline. As long as sediment
is in surplus of the demands of the offshore losses, beaches will persist along
the coast.

Spits form when this moving body of sand enters a zone of slack water; across
the mouth of a bay for example. Or, the spit may form as sediment is carried
lakeward from a headland or an irregular coast. Simple spits build very
quickly in the initial stages because of the shallowness of the nearshore
water. As the spit builds into deeper water, the growth rate diminishes as
more material is needed to provide an ever enlarging base for the above
water accumulation. Incoming waves then have an opportunity to operate at
the growing (distal) end of the spit turning it toward the shoreline behind the
spit. Such a spit takes on a hooked form and is called a hooked, or recurved,
sand spit.

The overall system supplying material to the littoral drift is not uniform.
Coastal erosion and supplies of sediment from streams are intermittent in
character. So it is that when forces tending to elongate the spit in a more or
less straight line prevail, the spit builds lakeward. Later, a period of time
may elapse during which the turning forces prevail. These forces, mostly
waves, cause the otherwise linear form to deflect shoreward. A spit is
produced whose inner side is marked by a series of deflected points
representing this sequence of events. A radical recurvature may begin to
enclose open water producing bays or, close off open waters entirely
producing ponds (lagoons). Such ponds then evolve more or less independently
of the open lake and are the heart of the emerging spit ecosystem. Such spits
are termed compound recurved sand spits.

As the shore feeding the spit erodes, the landward (proximal) end of the spit
recedes with the eroding shoreline. The spit takes on a form where the
proximal end is narrow, expanding into the fuller spit form at the distal end.
This simple shore at the "neck" then behaves as any eroding shoreline with all
remnants of the former spit form removed. The net effect is to cause the
spit to build lakeward farther and farther from shore at its distal end as it
builds in a downshore direction. In simplest terms, the spit is rotating on a
fulcrum lying somewhere between the dista-I and proximal ends. Toward the
proximal end the spit erodes and toward the distal end it accumulates
sediment.

As the shore at the proximal end continues to erode the spit rotates more and
more until an increasing length of the spit is presented to the normal
direction of highest wave energy. The migration of the fulcrum point toward
the distal end causes the spit to ultimately disappear or, when a new
attachment is made to the coast, re-establishes the spit and the cycld begins
anew.

As sand and gravel sweep the lakeward side of the spit, larger waves cast this
sediment many feet above mean water level and smaller waves raise the
surface slightly nearer the water's edge. The spit owes its relief above lake
level to this phenomena. This sediment can be reworked by wind producing
dunes in the backshore.

In the area of Gull Point, dunes first develop on beach berms adjacent to the
beach face accumulating as low, barren ridges. As accretion raises the
elevation of the dunes above the water level, vegetation begins to occupy
these young low ridges and slow the velocity of the wind thus creating a wind
shadow. This results in the accumulation of more wind transported sand
along the ridge which increases the height, length, and width of the dune.
Subsequently denser vegetal growth results in the creation of a still greater
wind shadow which, in turn, aids In the progressive growth of the dune. As
vegetal and dune growth progress, littoral accretion occurs along the beach
face including the development of a new berm and the dune building process
is repeated. The ultimate result is a succession of aligned dunes and
depressions that show a progressive change in dune size and vegetation. The
dunes at Gull Point develop in this manner and are all oriented west-to-east.

1.6.2 Captured Dunes

The ridges that can be seen In the forest from the roadway and hiking trails
have exactly the same orientations as the dunes that are developing at the
distal end. In fact, the depressions between these forested ridges contain

sand, pebbles and cobbles of the same characteristics as presently observed
at the distal end. The assumption that these ridges are ancient dunes that
were formed upon the distal end of the spit in the past could be made. These
dunes were preserved by the vegetal cover and provide a history of the.
dynamic change the sandspit experienced through part of its existence. The
ancient dunes are called captured dunes.

Since the processes building the spit operate intermittently, successive
embankments are added as the spit grows lakeward. These successive
embankments may be closely spaced with shallow depressions between. If
these depressions are below water level, the embankments may be separated
by lagoons. These beach ridges are interesting since they mark the geological
growth of the spit. For example, if the ridges are far apart and separated by
deep water, the indication is that the spit experienced significant growth at
the expense of coastal erosion at and beyond the proximal end.

1.6.3 Shoreline Dynamics

Shoreline stability in any unprotected natural coastal zone is controlled by
the supply, transfer, and loss of material (McGill, 1980). Sand accumulation
at any point on the shore is equal to the amount of sand in the system minus
the amount lost downshore and/or lost offshore. Presque Isle State Park
persists because the incoming supply of sand is more or less equal to the
amount being lost to other parts of the system.

Rather than being stable for any length of time, the beach is in a process of
dynamic equilibrium through time unless the natural processes are thrown out
of balance by a drastic change in the amount of beach material, changes in
lake level, by storm waves in a 50-100 year event, or various other factors.
The supply of sand to the system originates updrift. The sources are streams
carrying sediment to the littoral and/or material wasted from the shoreline
itself including the sand content of the bluff.

A beach may be temporarily eroded by storm waves and then restored by the
milder constructional wave. In addition, the erosion and accretion patterns
may occur seasonally. The long-term configuration of the beach is totally
dependent on supply. For example, the shore will accrete sand and will
prograde when the rate of supply of sand exceeds the rate of loss.

2.0 PROJECT INITIATION

This section deals with the initiative that was undertaken by the Bureau of State Parks to
meet with other state and federal agencies to develop a Geographic Information
System (GIS) Program for Presque Isle State Park. This initiative required establishing
agreements, setting up training, and specifications for hardware and software.

2.1 Geographical Information System

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are basically a set of computer programs that
allow the construction, display, and analysis or maps. They are an advanced mode of
computerized mapping. The use of maps and other drawings is a common activity
shared by all the functions of the Bureau of State Parks. The use of GIS increases
the comprehensiveness and efficiency of map use.

GIS operat es first by developing a computerized description of all the information
contained on a map or drawing. Each point, line, polygon (area), letter, or number

on a map sheet is translated into a series of code numbers (digits) and entered into
the computer. This process is referred to as digitizing.

The digitized media can be tradit ional maps or drawings, aerial photographs;
satellite images, or digital descriptions of phenomena from surveyorls notes to
electronic scanners.

GIS main function is the manipulation of the data information in the computer. This
is the power of the system. First, a GIS can automatically change scale, combine
maps of different scales, add coloration to differentiate features, and add legends
and titles to the map without having to redraw or alter photographically the map.
This is a major advance in both efficiency and completeness. This frees time for
more complex analysis into the problem at hand or for performing other tasks.

GIS allows for new information to be generated from the map base with. remarkable
savings of time and effort. Calculations of area (acreage of wetlands, open fields),
linear distances (miles of fencing, roads, earthworks), slope and aspect, and many
other land characteristics can automatically be determined with the GIS.

A major strength of GIS is the ability to combine maps and drawings of different
scale and themes to develop maps that did not exist previously. For example, a
historic vegetation map and a map of present conditions can be automatically
combined to produce a new map highlighting areas of similarity and change. This is
an extremely useful tool for cultural and natural resource management purposes.

2.2 Meetings

This project required meetings with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources (PA DER), U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Mapping Division (USGS
EMD), private vendors, and the National Park Service (NPS) to pull the project
together.

Initial meetings were held between August, 1992, and March 1993, with PA DER
staff from the Bureau of State Parks (BSP), Bureau of Topographic and Geologic
Survey (BTGS), Bureau of Information Systems (BIS), and the Comptroller's Office.
The purpose of these meetings was to establish purchasing guidelines and to look at
time constraints, to insure this system would function with the rest of PA DER
computer system programming and responsibality for handling any agreement that
may be required. At this time BSP requested BTGS handle agreements with
USGS EMD (Exhibit 2-1) since they were handling other joint agreements.

Between January 1993, and March 1994, numerous meetings were held with USGS
EMD concerning hardware, software, the requirements of the joint agreement
between PA DER and USGS EMD, technical assistance,. and what USGS EMD would
provide to PA DER in a product form.
During 1993 state park staff met with NPS and New Jersey's GIS staff regarding
what they are doing, what works, what doesn't, and available resources. The NPS
provided state parks with sample GIS programs being used in northeast United
States.

The final set of meetings with Earth Information Services (EIS) was held from
June 1994, to the end of October 1994, to assist state parks with finalizing the
program. These meetings were held biweekly with Central Off Ice staff and/or
Presque Isle State Park staff.

2.3 Agreements

In addition to the Memorandum of Understanding of January 1, 1993p between
Division of Coastal Programs, Bureau of Land and Water Conservation and the
Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey and Bureau of State Parks three other
agreements were entered into to complete the project.

On May 3, 1993, Joint Funding Agreement (Exhibit 2-1) TGS 92-6 (594PA01709) was
signed between the USGS EMD and PA Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey
was signed. This agreement provided for technical assistance, in developing GIS
program, recommendations for hardware and software components, Digitalortho-
quarterquads (DOQQ's)p and digital line graphs (DLG's) and digital elevation modules
(DEM's) for the Presque Isle State Park pilot GIS project. The products were
furnished to the BSP. in both digital and hardeopy format. The layers of coverage
provided included transportation, boundary, hypsography, and hydrology. Two years
(1987 and 1993) of DOQQ's were received in hardcopy and image format. All of this
data was used in developing the GIS coverages and will be of assistance in the
future.

The only problem BSP had with USGS EMD was their limited experience with Arc
Info and unable to work at a small scale.

A second agreement with Planned Dynamics (Exhibit 2-2) for training on using
Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment was entered into in July 1994. This
equipment was needed to perform additional mapping of features at Presque Isle
State Park for when BSP did not have any accurate information on which to create
coverages. ,

The final agreement was with Earth Information Service (Exhibit 2-3) for technical
assistance. The contract was used to assist the BSP with finding solutions to
problems on creating other coverages and writing application for use by Presque Isle
State Park's staff.

2.4 Equipment

This section discusses the hardware and software purchased to develop a functional
GIS program.

2.3.1 Hardware

The Presque Isle State Park GIS program was set up to have a 486 DX2/66TE
Personal Computer and eight pen plotter at Presque Isle State Park. This
equipment would be supported by a workstation digitizing tablet,'and
486 DX2/66TE personal computer in BSP Central Office, Harrisburg. See
Exhibit 2-4 for a complete listing of hardware.

2.3.2 Software

A combination of software will be used to support the BSP GIS program. Arc
Info will be the primary analytic software used for performing major
application. The Central Office staff will be responsible for developing the
various coverage and applications. Presque Isle State Park will use
AreView 2, a product of Are Info, for the mapping and applications at the
state park. Arcvlew is a more user friendly software package that requires
very little training especially compared to Are Info itself.

EXHIBIT 2-1
LETTER:.,TO BTGS

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Environmental Resources
August 27, 1992

In reply refer to
PF-P-0

Subject: Presque Isle GIS Pilot Project
Presque Isle State Park

To: Donald M. Hoskins, Director
Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

From: Roger Fickes, Director
Bureau of State Parks

This in reference to the meeting on August 18, 1992, on the pilot GIS project at Presque
Isle State Park.

The Bureau of State Parks would appreciate the Bureau of Topographic and Geologic
Survey handle the cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey
and Department of Environmental Resources.

In regards to the 1:12,000 scale used by the USGS National Mapping Division, this scale
will be acceptable to the Bureau of State Parks.

cc: Presque Isle State Park
Park Region 2
Tom Baldwin
George Burns
Frank Haas
File - PF-P-0
Daily

RF:KAT:Isk

EXHIBIT 2-2
USGS AGREEMENT 594 PA 01709

TGS-92-6

Form 9-1366 Enclosure 1
REV. 6/86)

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
JOINT FUNDING AGREEMENT
FOR
IS AGREEMENT is entered into as of the 22nd day of March 1992 by the GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, party of the first part, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Bureau of
Topographic and Geologic Surve party of the second part.
1
The parties hereto agree that subject to the availability of appropriations and in accordance with their respective
horities there sha'LL be maintained in cooperation a proiect to collect 1:100,000-scate digital data over the State of
Pennsylvania herein called the program.

The following amounts shalt be contributed to cover at( of the cost of the necessary field and office work directly
tated to this program, but excluding any bureau level general administrative or accounting work in the office of either
Irty.
a) $ 94,370 by the party of the first part during the period beginning on the date of this agreement to March 31, 1994.

(b) $133,845 by the party of the second part during the period beginning on the date of this agreement to March 31, 1994.
1 '
(c) Additional amounts by each party during the above period or succeeding periods as may be determined by mutual agreement
and set forth in an exchange of letters between the parties.
Expenses incurred in the performance of this program may be paid by either party in conformity with the taws and
regulations respectively governing each party, provided that so far as may be mutually agreeable all expenses shalt be
paid in the first instance by the party of the first part with appropriate reimbursement thereafter by the party of the
ond part. Each party shalt furnish to the other party such statements or reports of expenditures as may be needed to
isfy fiscal requirements.

4. The field and office work pertaining to this program shalt be under the direction of or subject to periodic review by
an authorized representative of the party of the first part.

The areas to be included in the program shalt be determined by mutual agreement between the parties hereto or their
horized representatives. The methods employed in the field and office shalt be those adopted by the party of the first
part to insure the required standards of accuracy subject to modification by mutual agreement.

During the progress of the work ail operations of either party pertaining to this program shalt be open to the inspection
the other party, and if the work is not being carried on in a mutually satisfactory manner, either party, may terminate this
eement upon 60 days written notice to the other party.

The original records resulting from this program wilt be deposited in the office of origin of those records. Upon request.,
ies of the original records will be provided to the office of the other party.

The maps, records or reports resutting from this program shalt be made available to the public as promptly as possible.
The maps, records or reports normally will be published bythe party of the first part. However, the party of the second
t reserves the right to publish the results of this program and, if already published by the party of the first part shalt,
n request, be furnished by the party of the first part, at cost, impressions suitable for purposes of reproduction similar
that for which the original copy was prepared. The maps, records or reports published by either party shalt contain a
statement of.the cooperative relations between the parties.
Sitting for this agreement will be rendered quarterly on actual expenses. Payments of bills are due within 60 days after
bitting date. If not paid by the due date, interest will be charged at the current Treasury rate for each 30-day period, or
Ition thereof, that the payment is delayed beyond the due date (31 USC 3717; Comptroller General File B-212222, August 23, 1983).
PENNSYLVANIA DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC & GEOLOGICva@VRVEY
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PF-_
ByA#-1A1-W%' Date
@W "f;WW W
Ait Ur A. Davis, Secretary
By 'Zz/ By Date
GNgUAE AND TITLE)
,k-K.--rr c/Anderson, Chief, Eastern Mapping Center

(USE REVERSE SIDE IF ADDITIONAL SIGNATURES ARE REQUIRED)

APPROVED AS TO LEGALITY AND FORM

Office of Attorney General

Chief Counsel
Department of Environmental Resources

Fed. ID #53-0196958

I herely certify that funds in the
amount of $133,845 are available
under appropriation symbol
001-035-501-5-0100-00022- (ME91498)
ME92610

Comptroller

APPROVED:

Secretary, Office of the Budget

Date

EXHIBIT. 2-3
VE OF PENNSYLVANIA PLANNED DYNAMICS
,@*1 - -'k, REV. 4-03 * SHOW THIS NUMBER
SERVICE PURCHASE CONTRACT 3101 ON INVOICE
El sp 249388
[] 320
I 11-tt 10 1 Pi4k) ME AND I TID CIII-11 It -1. 1,
O'A@"Co of Environmental Res u
'rfen f Environmental Resources Dept. o rces
s Forestry Administration Parks & Forestry Administration
Fl., Market Street State OffLce Building P.O. Box 8551 7 / 5 / 94
&Jarket Streets Harrisburg, PA 17105-8551 IIIEC.1W DATE
i urg, PA 17101-2301. 7 / 21. / 94
IRS NAAIE AND ADDRESS CONTRACTORS FEDERAL 10 O.SOC SEC .10 DAIE
Planned Dynamics, Inc. 22-2781987 7 / 22 / 94
684 E..Main Street CONTRACTORS LICENSE OR TIEGISITIATION NO ANTICIPATED OEtIVE11V DATE
Middletown, NY 10940

CONTRACTOR 3 1(LEFN04( NO CONTRACT NOT 10 EXCEED

IT -7 $ 1,400.00
IT

SeRvIcts PEOLIESIrn IUIAL PINCC

i training on Geographic Positioning System
elthe attached GPS Training Agenda and letter
d May 27, 1994.

70 TOTAL 1,400 _,00
--iERIA D ITI S 0 R E S E
bi. NERS ID AND T IT IF
TtCTOR AGREES TO TWE AW" Cb@ib AiTACHMEN-TS'
I HICH ARE PART OF THIS CONTRACT. THIS CONTRACT IS NOT VALID OR ENFORCEABLE UNTIL FULLY
:UTED, APPROVED AND DELIVERED TO THE CONTRACTOR.
D.j;0RAGIlEEMENTS
r r agrees to comply with Attachment A, Provisions for Commonwealth Contracts, as
ched.
1OKr"'CA",N roo ADD..
vice is needed to provid,2 adequate skills in using Geographic Positioning System'units
collecting data in real world coordinates. This information is to be downloaded into DER
uIrs to create various resoitrces management maps and databases.
AtIMIT -Xiii I _. __.. -
.1.1 1 1. AIUHE
ie Lincoln 717-783-3309'
MMorrow 17-772-1216
OPT I APP I YR LOG, ORG COST FUr; "ON EA!.40VNI or PRE-ENCUMDRANCF ANIT.QF PR E-ENC. COUE0
NCUNIBRANCE NUMBER LICIUMAIED
F35 134 94 1 6600 6600 152 140 AUDIT

PUS I 10-

ED AGENCY ATTORNEY
DATE cokIPT50I.I.En look D[Fatitirl I I'Alf

r jrERA4. COUNSEL VF REOUMED) OAIE A(;tNCY 14EAD MIT OE%I(;Pjlll
F JORNEV GENERAL [IF REOUIREDI DAT E SE C. RE TA 511Y or 7t4r, BUDGET 40" OESIONFEI DAIF

EXHIBIT 2-4
EARTH INFORMATi6i4--SERVIdE'
rP&MYLVANLA IS
I REV.4-93 4W SHOW THIS NUMBER
SERVICE PURCHASE CONTRACT IC ON INVOICE
53101 sP 239162
[:1320

SEAVICE TO JAGENCYI BILL TO IPROY.DE ORIGINAL AND TWO COPIES Of INVO.C91 PAN NO.
,If Environmental Resources Dep t. of Environmental Resources
of State Parks Bureau of State Parks DATE PREPARED
1., Market St. State Office Bldg. P 0 Box 8551 4 /19 /94-
Ike t S t. Hafrisburg, PA 17105-8551 EFFECTIVE DATE
urg, PA 17101-2301 6 94
TOR 3 NAUE AND ADORES$ CONTRACTOR'S FEDERAL 10 NO.1SOC. SEC. NO. TERMINATION DATE
23-2092961 12 / 31 94
7/24 Earth Infor-S'e'r'vices CONTRACTOR'S LICENSE 00 REG13TRATION MO. ANTICIPATED DELIVERY DATE
1240 N. Mountain Road
Harrisburg,. PA 17112

CONTRACTOWS ft EPHONE NO. CONTRACT NOT TO EXCEED

0 717-541-0644 $10,125.00

SERVICES REOUESTED OUANTITY UNIT PACE TOTAL PRICE

Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages
dance with the attached Invitation Bid
11and Specifications.

Hour: $45.00

TOTAL 10,125.qo
INACTOR AGREES TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS ON THE REVERSE SIDE AND ATTACHMENTS, IF
HICH ARE PART OF THIS CONTRACT. THIS CONTRACT IS NOT VALID OR ENFORCEABLE UNTIL FULLY
ED, APPROVED AND DELIVERED TO THE CONTRACTOR.
31TIONS CIA AGREEMENTS
1 or agrees to comply with Attachment A, Provisions for Commonwealth Contracts, and
Lint B, Federal Requirements, as attached.
0 JUSTIFICATION FOR ABOVE
expertise necessary to complete preparAtion of GIS in the development of resource
t GIS's for the entire park system.
TELEPHONE Od@@S SIGNATURE DATE
incoln 717-783-3309 CONTRACTOR 11 TITLE
"If
A PRE-EACUM ANCE AMT. OF PRE -ENC. CODED
JWT I APP YR LDQ ORG COST iIJZCT6q I 1 /08 ENCMAUIVITAIZE NUMB EORR LJOUIDATED
CM 1701 93 7 3940 00113 310 1.000. OF-
PW- -AUOIT
5062.5
)-35 94 7 3940 00113 4062.510
1701 OSTFO
RNE DATE COMPTROLLER JOR @ESIGNI E) DATE
(L q
C 12J44
31-0 1
1 @@]

r ERAL COUNSEL (M-TtEOUIRED) UATE A Ivr9b Ion 0 IGNE DATE
AC
!TTORNEY GENERAL 11F REOW&ED JV DATE M@ETARY OF T BykGET JORAESIONEE) DATE

EXHIBIT 2-5

HARDWARE

Central Office

CADD Station

Sun Space Station 1PX, MODE/ 4/50GX-16-P43
1911 Color Monitor
16 MB RAM with 16MB Memory Expansion
1.5 GB SCSI Disk Drive
Digitizer, Calcomp 95360, 2411 x 36"
Raster Flex 24 Bit Graphics Card
Sun 2.1 GB Ext Fast SCS12

Resources Management Section

486 Freedom Microprocessor DX2/66MHZ
16 MB of RAM
300 MB Hard Drive
2 MB Video RAM
1711 SVGA Color Monitor
CD-ROM Reader

Presque Isle State Park

NEC PM DX2/GGTE 8 MB RAM, 535 MB
Multisync 5FG Monitor
4 MB Simm Upgrade Kit
Hewlett Packard Plotter, Draft Pro DXL, Size A-D
Calcomp Digitizer, Drawing Board, 16 Button

Support software to be used by BSP staff includes AutoCadd, Cad Overly, and
Soft Desk Civil Survey package. The primary function of the two Cadd
packages is to do mapping. The Soft Desk Civil software will be used to
create the official boundary map. All of this information will then be
exported into Arc Info for use by the state park. This software is not
available for use by the park staff.

2.5 Training

Training was provided to BSP staff by the USGS EMD, Environmental Scientific
Research Institute (ESR% Planned Dynamics, and Earth Information Services. All
training was geared towards the use of various software and how to apply them in
creating coverage.

Training performed by the various agencies is listed below:

- 120 hours of Introduction to Are Info for three people
- 80 hours of Durance Arc Info for three people
- 24 hours of UNIX Operating System for three people
- 144 hours of GIS Training from USGS EMD for six people
- 24 hours of Digitizing Training for four people
- 7 5 hours of G PS Training for f ive people

3.0 DATA COLLECTION

3.1 U.& Geological Surv

The USGS provided data on a 1-24,000 scale for transportation (roads, pipelines,
railroads$ utilities, bridges, parking lots, and trails), boundary lines (state, county,
municipality, and government agency boundaries), hypsography (contours), hydro-
graphy (lakes, ponds, streams, and wells), man-made structures (buildings thatcan be
seen from the air), vegetative (forested areas), and non-vegetative (non-forested
areas). Of these layers the only ones that could be used for Presque Isle State Parks
project where the boundary, transportation, and hydr.ography coverage. All the
other covers were not detailed enough to use at a 1-4,800 scale. Plus there were
other sources available to get more detailed information.

The DOQQs that were obtained from USGS EMD proved to be of great help for
verification of items when a discrepancy or question arose. These photos allowed
staff the possibility of seeing the area in question and if need be redigitizing it from
the images.

3.2 RBA Study

The RBA Group was contracted in 1989 to prepare an Environmentally Sensitive
Area Study to identify the most Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) within the
state park requiring special management consideration. The project approach
employed for this study recognized a need to manipulate a large array of existing
data at various scales and detail in order to identify the most significant and
sensitive natural sites within the state park. The methodology focused on an
explicit and replicable process for this identification. A GIS provided the means and
flexibility to manipulate the data in a manner which, if done in a traditional hand
overly method, would have been overly cumbersome and limited.

The methodology for the ESA study was effected in four steps: data collection, data
analysis, analysis modeling, and data synthesis. The data collection effort first
classified the data gathered using a standard nomenclature. Data useful for

35 -

modeling purposes was then encoded into a uniform grid cell data base addressable
by the GIS command language. Data analysis, Step 2, was conducted concurrent
with the data collection effort and provided the data sift. Existing available infor-
ation regarding the state park's resources was obtained the state park's archives
and workshops held with state park researchers and staff. Step 3 involved the
M

creation of analysis models using the GIS command language. Individual models
were developed for each predefined ESA criteria. A composite model identified the
most significant areas within the state park or the ESA "hot spots." Step 4 trans-
ferred locations highlighted by the composite model to the topographic base map of
the state park by correlating the ESA "hot spots" to identifiable ground features,
natural community boundaries, and cultural or biological edges. Nineteen discrete
ESAs were delineated.

An ESA is defined as: An area which contains an ecosystem whose biological and
physical integrity, as well as its ecological processes, should be maintained and
protected. Within a state park, they are the most significant and sensitive natural
sites. They require special consideration in the determination of management
actions because of the sensitive features that they contain.

All of this data was collected at a 1-9,600 scale in a grid format.

For use at Presque Isle State Park this information was taken from a raster format
into a vector format for smoother lines and continuity with the GIS program.
Exhibit 3-1 shows the numerous critical areas that must be considered when
managing Presque Isle State Park.

3.3 Global Positioning System (GPS)

A method that was tried as part of this project was creating coverage using GPS
equipment. The level of accuracy that the hand held GPS units provided the BSP
was one of one to two meter accuracy. It has been determined that for most of
state park mapping this level of accuracy will be sufficient.

A team of four scientific, engineering, and technical interns from the Bureau of
State Parks carried out a pilot GPS exercise at Presque Isle State Park. The crew
chief used Trimble software to build a data dictionary which outlined the features
and attributes that were to be collection. The crew collected data for various
features such as: trails, water utilities, PNDI, control points, shorelines, and signs.

The trails required the use of an all terrain vehicle (ATV) to GPS their locations. An
intern from the state park assisted with finding the trails and driving the ATV. The
ATV was also used to complete the shoreline. A state park maintenance person
helped one of the interns locate all of the water utilities such as shutoffs, fountains,
etc. A team from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History located plants of
special concern for the interns to collect data from. The signs were started on our
first day at the state park but we soon realized that it would take over a week to
get locations for every sign with both professional pathfinders being utilitized. The
interns started at 7:30 a.m. and were collecting data within 30 to 40 minutes. The
data was down loaded into a PC at lunchtime and at the end of the day. Each
evening the batteries were recharged and summaries were computed that outlined
any problems or suggestions concerning that days work. The training that we
received from Planned Dynamics proved to be satisfactory. The interns were able
to solve any problem that arose throughout the week without any outside help. The
project was a learning experience and a definite success. The maps that are being
compiled from the data will have an accuracy within 1-2 meters of the features that
were collected.

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AICM 1.156.000
-351.000 0
EU*un=nt211y Sensitive Areas
JESA I Transport Zone Darter ESA VI Horseshoe Pond Peninsula ESA XI Crystal Point Mollusk Bad ESA
ESX 11 Say fla;rtey ESA VII Fry's Landing ESA X11 Marina Drive Promontory ESA
1EU Ill Gull Point Sanctuari ESA Vill , Ecological Reserve ESA X111 Duck Pond ESA
ESAi IV Lake Slurgson Channel ESA IX Beach #9 Sandplain ESA XIV Red Maple Swamp ESA
ESZ V Coast Guanll Flats ESA X Misery Bay Mollusk Bed ESA XV Big Bond
-71 T I

17-

Commonwealth of Nn:uyKrazAa
Presque Isle State Park Departmeni of EnwortMenfal Resources *:-4:R. 13 El
BL.UOaU Of State Parks
EmvUa=entff lly -Siamsidve Area Study

The data points were transformed from a PC to a workstation running Arc Info.
This process was difficult but staff was able to create coverages with attributes and
plot accurate maps. Staff had the option of tracking the data into AutoCad. This
process may be more simple than using Arc. This is one avenue that will be explored
with future projects.

3.4 Hardeopy M

This section identifies ways that information is put into the system using existing
maps and photographs from any source such as BTGS, Bureau of Facility Design and
Construction (BFDC), BSP, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

3.4.1 Raster Images

This method involves scanning a map, item, design, or photograph into the
computer system so it shows up on the monitor. Once you have image staff
can use a tracer command to follow specific lines or else the operation can
use the cursor to digitize over the elements that are to be captured in the
particular coverage.

A raster image is made up of a group of cells that represent a point, line, or
area as a matrix of values. This term comes directly from digital display
which is an area which can individually illuminated from scanning a line. The
size of cell dictates the level of resolution. A large cell provides a lower
level of resolution. This resolution is reflected in the display. The display
will be displayed in straight lines.

3.4.2 Vector Image

Vector is the other form of image on electronic mapping. Instead of using a
cell as done in raster images vector uses a set of Cartesion (X,Y) coordinate
to create the pricture. Lines are created by stringing a set of these
coordinate from one point to another, a polygon is created by a string or
coorinates having a common start and end points while a point is just X,Y
location.

This form of image creates a much smoother and accurate picture compared
to a raster image. In the past the slowness of creating this image was a
disadvantage but advances in technology have pretty much elimated the
slowness.

3.4.3 Digitizing

Reality is best represented by visual images such as maps. Digitizing is the
conversion hardcopy maps to electronic digital form. Digitizing assigns
electronic codes such that contour lines of maps, for example, are
represented by digits which are the language of computers. The most
common form of digitizing is the manual tracing with a cursor of a map that
has been mounted and registered on a digitizing table. The term is also used
to describe the conversion of maps to digital form through scanning or other
techniques.

This form of data collection uses a digitizing tablet and cursor to enter in
points, arcs, or polygons. This information can be in forms such as a map,
photograph, or a design.

3.4.4 Scanning

Graphic elem ents can also be created by scanning. By measuring the value of
light, color, or shading of maps, photographis, drawings, or flat objects a
unique machine called a scanner is used to create a raster duplicate.

Each cell in the scanned raster image is called a pixel. The density of pixels
per inch that the scanner can measure establishes the resolution. PA DER is
scanning images at 800 pixels per inch which is good resolution.

3.5 Remote Sensing

When you combine aerial photography and satellite imaging to create with a digital
raster Image or vector image this is called remote sensing. These Images are used
to assist in correctly registering other spatial data to real earth coordinates or to
produce land use or other theme maps classified to a particular use..

When aerial photography is gathered work must be done in the photo to correct for
camera angle and terrian changes. This corrected photograph is then called an
orthophotograph.

3.6 Administrative Records

Not all the information for producing coverages is in map form but may be in
databases located in park office files. This information for Presque Isle State Park
included ground monitoring well location, incident reports, and lifeguard reports.
This data can be read by Arc Info to create spatial maps on where the walls are and
locations of a high number of incidents. There must be a common link between the
database and real world coordinates.

The automation of non-graphic data is just as Important to a GIS as the graphic
data. This is done using standard data processing methods of entry at a terminal,
PC, or workstation.

3.7 Coordinate Geometry

The final way information was inputted Into Presque Isle State Park GIS program
was through actual entering of coordinate information. This method was used
primarily for entering boundary data for centimeter accuracy. The Are Info
software computes the coordinate values for the geometric description by using a
program called COGO. Another software package that computes coordinate values
is Soft Desk Civil Survey software.

This program re quires a defined beginning point which continuing bearings and
distances. All of this data is provided to the BSP through surveys completed by
BFDC or from deed when the land was acquired.

3.8 Other Sources of Data

In addition to collecting/gathering information from the USGS EMP the BSP used
other sources. Maps from commercial vendors were used for comparison and
template, breakwater, baseline, and raster Imaging was obtained from Army Corps
of Engineers, utility data was obtained from General Telephone Comapny and
Penelec (this Information has not been converted into spatial data for the 92 CZM
project but will be done for 93 CZM project), Information from Mill Creek Township
and City of Erie regarding the water lines In Presque Isle State Park, information

from other Bureaus in PA DER, Soil Conservation SErvice, and National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

4.0 Bureau of State Park Map Standards

This section contains the standards for producing maps, naming maps, and metadata for
Presque Isle State Park as well as the other 113 state parks.

4.1 Naming Convention

The filename will consist of three letter indentification code for each park it is
dealing with (Exhibit 4-1). For example, Presque Isle State Park = PRE. The next
three to five letters dictate the type of data or map theme (Exhibit 4-2). This list is
not exhaustive. When additional themes are required the name win be approved by
BSP GSI coordinator. If a file deals with changing data, eg. moving requires or
boundary changes include the month and year (MMYY) in the filename for the time
period the file addresses. An example for Presque Isle State Park boundary map
PREBY794.

For all maps created, the ffra extension must be applied. The BSP standard
projection is State Plane, NAD 83 for all final coverages.

Once the project, like Presque Isle State Park, Is com Ipleted the coverages will be
moved to a CD ROM for the individual park and copies to the park. In this case
Presque Isle State Park will have a.CD in Central Office and a copy of each
coverage will be sent to the park. Information will be stored, on a CD because BSP
does not have a storage capability on a hard drive for 114 parks.

4.2 Metadata

Each coverage will have a metadata form (Exhibit 4-3) completed for the coverage
as shown in Exhibit 4-4. For Presque Isle State Park a copy of the metadata will be
provided to Mike Gagnon, PA DER GIS Coordinator, BIS; Coastal Zone Management;
and Presque Isle State Park. This information will be supplied at the conclusion of
Phase 11 of this project in 1995.

The Resources Management Section maintains a log file (Exhibit 4-5) and GIS MAP
File (Exhibit 4-7) for each coverage created at Presque Isle State Park as well as the
other parks. A sample of a log sheet (Exhibit 4-6) and GIS MAP File (Exhibit 4-8)
for Presque Isle is provided in this report.

4.3 Display and Output

The biggest advantage of GIS is one's ability to display information in a graphic and
tabular form after doing some type of query on the information.

Products from a GIS include textual or tabular, maps, and charts and business
graphs. When you combine a visual product with the actual data it is the best
understood by the user.

It is important that the visual maps produced for Presque Isle State Park as well as
other parks are always outputted in a standard line coding. Therefore, a standard
line type, color and size (Exhibit 4-9) has been established for BSP during the
Presque Isle State Park Pilot GIS Project.

EXHIBIT4-1

STATE PARK CODING FOR NAME

Code State Park Name Code State Park Name

ARC Archbald Pothole GOU Gouldsboro

BAL Bald Eagle GRE Greenwood Furnace
BEL Beltzville HIR Hickory Run
BEN Bendigo HIL Hillman
BER Benjamin Rush HIC Hills Creek
BIS Big Spring HYR Hyner Run
BLA Black Moshannon HYV Hyner View
BLU Blue Knob JAC Jacobsburg Env. Ed.
BUB Buchanan's Birthplace JEN Jennings Env. Ed.

BUC Bucktall KET Kettle Creek

CAL Caledonia KEY Keystone
CAN Canoe Creek KIN Kings Gap Env. Ed.
CHA Chapman KIB Kinzua Bridge
CHE Cherry Springs KOO Kooser

CLE Clear Creek LAC Lackawanna

COD Codorus LAH Laurel Hill

COL Colonel Denning LAM Laurel. Mt.
COP Colton Point LAR Laurel Ridge

coo Cook Forest LAS Laurel Summit

cow Cowan's Gap LEH Lehigh Gorge

DEL Delaware Canal LEO Leonard Harrison

DEN Denton Hill LIN Linn Run

ELK Elk LIB Little Buffalo

EVA Evansburg LIP Little Pine
FOR Fort Washington LOC Locust Lake
FOW Fowler's Hollow LYM Lyman Run

FRA Frances Slocum MAU M. K. Goddard

FRE French Creek @MAR Marsh Creek

Gifford Pinchot MCD McCalls Dam

EXHIBIT4-1

(Continued)

Code State Park Name Code State Park Name

MCM McConnells Mill RID Ridley Creek
MEM Memorial Lake RYE Ryerson Station

MIL Milton SBE S. B. Elliott

MOR Moraine SAL Salt Springs

MON Mont. Alto SAM Samuel S. Lewis

MTP Mt. Pisgah SHA Shawnee
NES Neshaminy SHI Shikellamy
NOC Nockamixon SIN Sinnemahoning

NOL Nolde Forest Env. Ed. SIZ Sizerville

NOR Norristown Farm Park SUS Susquehannock
OHI Ohiopyle SWA Swatara
OIL Oil Creek TOB Tobyhanna
OLE Ole Bull TRO Trough Creek

PAR Parker Dam TUS Tuscarora

PIN Pine Grove Furnace TYL Tyler
POP Poe Paddy UPP Upper Pine Bottom
POV Poe Valley WAR Warriors Path
POI Point WHI Whipple Dam
PRE Presque Isle WHC White Clay Creek,

PRI Prince Gallitzin WOR Worlds End

PRL Promised Land YEL Yellow

PRP Prouty Place
PYM Pymatuning

RBW R. B. Winter

RAC Raccoon Creek

RAL Ralph Stover
RAV Ravensburg

REE Reeds Gap

RIC Ricketts Glen

EXHIBIT 4-2

BUREAU OF STATE PARK

MAP THEME NAMES

Cover Name Coverage Description Cover Type

act Activity Areas annotation
arch Archeological Area poly
archp Archeological Points point
bdmmyr Presque Isle Shoreline line
bdycor Park Corners point
bldg Buildings Poly
bndy Park Boundary poly
entrl Survey Control Points point
elec Electric point
eros Erosion Control/Breakwaters poly
esa Environmental Sensitive poly
hist Historical Sites point
hunt Hunting Areas poly
lots Parking Lots poly
manhol Sanitary Sewer Manholes point
Mgt Management Units poly
olds On-lot Disposal Systems point
PNDI Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory poly
poles Telephone/Electric Poles point
pond Lagoons/Ponds poly
rail Railroads line
road Roads line
row Gas and Oil Lines line
sewl Sanitary Sewer Lines line
sign Signs point
soil Soils poly
stmsew Stormwater Collection System line
stru Structures - Polygons poly
strup Structures - Points point
tank Tanks (Underground Stora ge) point
tele Telephone Lines line
topo Topography/Contour line
trail Trails line
valve Water Fire, Hydrants, Shutoffs point
vege Vegetation poly
water Water Distributions Lines line
well Monitor Wells points
wet Wetlands poly

EXHIBIT 4-3
PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

Filename (Data Set)
PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK IDENTIFICATION
Theme Keyword
Representation Model:
Transfer Format:

Data Set Extent:

Intended Scale of Use:

Data Set Description:

ACCESS

Transfer Mode

Transfer Instructions

PROJECTION

Projection Name

Noricontrol Datum
Projection Units
Projection

EXHIBIT 4-3
PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

Filename (Data Set)
PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK STATUS
Degree of Completion:
Completion Status and Data:
Percentage Complete:
Degree of Availability:
Custodial Policy Status:
Copyright Status:
Custodial Liability:
REFERENCE SECTION

Revision Dates:

Review Dates:

Mandata Contact:
SOURCE INFORMATION

Data Set Name:

Name of Source:

Scale and Medium:

Creator:

Data of Source Material:
Source Projection Information:
DATA CUSTODIAN

Contact Type:
Contact Person/Title:
Organization:
Contact Instructions:

EXHIBIT 4-3
PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

Filename (Data Set)
Presque Isle State Park Associated Attribute Tables

Table Name Table Description

10.

11.

12..

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.
!21.

EXHIBIT 4-3
PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)
Filename (Data Set)
Presque Isle State Park Associated Attribute Tables

Begin-
ing Out-
Attribute Col- Field Input put Field Field Relation
Table Name Name umn Name Alternate Field Name Width Width Type Decimals Info. Descrip.

EXHIBIT 4-4
PREGIS - 1(9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

Filename (Data Set) SOILS
PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK IDENTIFICATION
Theme Keyword Soil
Representation Model:
Transfer Format: DXF, EOO
Data Set Extent: 131,5400,718000 1340500,740000
Intended Scale of Use: 20P00011
Data Set Description: This set includes the four soil types that are present on Presque Isle State Park.

ACCESS
Transfer Mode Internet, 8mm tape, 3 1/2 diskette
Transfer Instructions Contact Resources Management Section 717-787-6674 or Internet Tecumseh, PA DER.GOV.

PROJECTION
Projection Name Soils. Prj
Noricontrol Datum NAD 83
Projection Units Feet
Projection State Plane

EXHIBIT 4-4
PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGEk7
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBIF)

Filename (Data Set) SOILS
PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK STATUS
Degree of Completion: 100%
Completion Status and Data: Final, Final
Percentage Complete: 100%
Degree of Availability: 100%
Custodial Policy Status:
Copyright Status:
Custodial Liability:
REFERENCE SECTION

Revision Dates: None
Review Dates: 10-25-94
Mandata Contact: Keith Taylor
SOURCE INFORMATION

Data Set Name: Soils
Name of Source: Soil Survey of Erie County, Pennsylvania
Scale and Medium: 1"- 20,00011
Creator: Jennifer Graves
Data of Source Material: December 1960, 1950 Aerial Pnotuordeny
Source Projection Information: State Plane, West Zonep Trasverse Mercayor, NAD 27
DATA CUSTODIAN

Contact Type:
Contact Person/Title: Keith Taylor
Organization: PA Bureau of State Parks, P.O. Box 8551, Harrisburg, PA 17105
Contact Instructions: Phone 717-787-6674, Internet Keith, Telumsth, PA DER, GOV

EXHIBIT 4-4
PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

Filename (Data Set) SOILS
Presque Isle State Park Associated Attribute Tables

Table Name Table Description Intended Use

1. Slope Slope Degrees
2. Capability Needs and Limitation of the Soils If Sultabl. e for Recreation

10.

11.

12.

13.
i4.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.
121.

EXHIBIT 4-4
PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
(This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)
Filename (Data Set) SOILS
Presque Isle State Park Associated Attribute Tables

Begin-
ing Out-
Attribute Col- Field Input put Field Field Relation
Table Name Name umn Name Alternate Field Name Width Width Type Decimals Info. Descrip.
Slope Slope 5 5 C 0 Range
Capability Capability C 0 Rating

EXHIBIT 4-5
PREGIS - 2 (9/94)
GIS COVERAGE LOG BOOK

Proje Name: File Description:

Changes, Correctionsp Elections, Additions
Date Name Coverage Include Geographic Changes

EXHIBIT 4-6
PREGIS - 2 (9/94)
GIS COVERAGE LOG BOOK
Project Name: PIGIS File Descriptlon@. Presque Isle State Park Coverage
Changes,, Correctionsp Electionst Additions
Date Name Coverage Include Geographic Changes

9-30-94 Jennifer Graves Soils NAD 27 to NAD 83 and Attributed
10-12-94 Gerry Johnston Buildings Cleaned and Surveyed Buildings

EXHIBIT 4-7
PREGIS - 3 (9194)
GIS MAP FILES FOR BUREAU OF STATE PARKS

Path Map File Date Date Project
Include Sub Directory GRA Created Update File Name Description/Purpose Request By

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

EXHIBIT4-8
PREGIS - 3 (9/94)
GIS MAP FI1,ES FOR BUREAU OF STATE PARKS

Path Map File Date Date ProJect
Include Sub Directory GRA Created Update File Name Description/Purpose Request By
1. Data/PIGIS BASE.GRA 08-25-94 10-24-94 Public Distribution Harry Leslie
2. Data/PIGIS S01L.GRA 10-25-94 CZM Report Greg Schrum

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

EXMBIT 4-9

MAP STANDARDS

Coverage Symbol Set Color Number Pen Comments

B NOY
Park .. ........ Cartol.lin Black 826 .70 Default

County Cartol.lin Black 825 .70
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
State Cartol.lin Black 116 .35

Leas e Carto 1. lin BIa ck 113 .35

LOTS
................... ................................. ......................... .................... ................................................
,Paved Plotter.shd Red 90 .35 Default
....................................... ........... @ a .................._...................... ................... ...............................................
Gravel Plotter.shd Black 89 .35
.. .... ....... . . ..... . . . .....
..... .....
Tra iler P lot ter.s h d Blu e 92 .50
...................................... .......................... -- *-* .............. ............ ...... ................... ...........................
Turf Plotter.shd Green 91 .50

PNDI

Historic Cartol.shd Brown 525 .50
....................................... ...................... .. .............. .................. ..... ............. ...........................
Community Cartol.shd 625 .50
....................................... .... ........................... ............... .............. ................... ............................
Bndy Corn Municipal.mrk Black 129 .35 Default

CNTRL

Benchmark Oilgas.mrk Blue 426 .50
................. . .. .......
Monument s Oil ga s. mrk Green 326 .50
...... .................. ........... ................... ............................
Survey Pts Oilgas.mrk Red 226 .35 Default ,
....................................... ......................
Army Corps Oilgas.mrk

TANK

Municipal.mrk Red 238 .35
- A-- - b--o ... v- e-- g--r- o-. u. n. d- ................. .. . . ...... . . .................. .......... . . ..... .
......................................I................................ ......................... .................... ................... ...........................
Underground Municipal.mrk Black 138 .35 Default
............. .......
Struct Mineral.mrk Red 222 .35 Point
............... ...........

....................................... ......................... .............. ................... ..... ............. ...........................
Plotter3.lin Brown 601 .50 Poly

ROADS
....................................................................... ......................... .................... ................... ............................
Primary Plotter3.lIn Red 70 @.35 Default
....................................... ........ .......................I.................. ....... .................... .. .......................
Secondary Plotter3.lIn 42 50

Coverage Symbol Set Color Number Pen Com ments

Unim Gravel Plotter3.lin 37 .50

Improve Gravel Plotter3.1in 38 .50
......................... .................... ................... .............................

....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................................................
Dirt Plotter3.lin Brown 549 .50

Ab a nd on ed
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
Joint Plotter3.lin Red 74 .35
................................... ...................... .............. .......... ........ ..... ............. ............................
Ad m inistrat ive Plot ter3 li n V! o I et 741 50
". *. .. ............ ..... .. .... ...... ... . ... . ... ... .....
Fire Plotter3.1in Magenta 649 .50

SE W ER

.... .. .....
Park Plotter3.lin Brown 589 .50 Default

Public Plotter3.1in Magenta 689 .50
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
Manhole Municipal.mrk Blue 429 .50
....................................... ........................... ............*............ ................... ................... ...........................
Lift Station Municipal. mrk Blue 434 .50

SIGN

............ ........ ....... ..........
Traff le Plotterl.mrk 22 .50 Def ault

....................................... ............................... ......................... .................... ...............................................
Trails Plotterl.mrk Brown 521 .50
............. ...... *,:* .. ....
Regulatory Plotterl.mrk 24 .50
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ................ .........
Bulletin Bd Plotterl.mrk 21 .50
....................................... .......................... ..... .......... ................... ......... ......... ...........................
Information Plotterl.mrk Magenta 621 .50

TRAILS

...... ........
Snowmobile Plotter3.1in Magenta 677 .50
....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ................... ............................
Hiking Plotter3.lin Green 79 .50 Default
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
Bicycling Plotter3.lin Brown 577 .50

ATV Black 77 .35
....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ................... ...........................
Cross Country Plotter3.lin Violet 777 .50
....................................... .........
Equestrian P I o t t"e"r"' 3*'.' "1 i 3 5
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
Multi-Use Plotter3.lin Blue 80 .50

... ... . ... .....
_o w- n- -h- i-1-1. ... S_ -k- i i. n.. g- ............ .. P. I- o__ it. e._ -r- 3--.- -1 1-n ........... -Black ............... ......... 8.7.7 ..... .. 50 ............. ...........................
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
Vege Plotter.lin Green 7 .50 Default
.............. ......
..... ............
Plo l-i-n B. -r- w.n.............. ......... 5-0-1 ...... .. 50 ............. Default .............

WATER
-Park-L-1-n-e ...................... .Carto.1n...mrk ......... .B1.u_e ................. .......... 4.0-6 ..... .. 50 ............. -Default ..............
....................................... ...................... .. ............... ................... ................... ............................
Public Line Carto.lin Blue 405 .50
.Hydrants ....................... .P-Iot-ter.mrk .......... .B1.u_e ................. ........... 7*0"' .... ..................................

Coverage Symbol Set Color Number Pen Comments

Wells Plotter.mrk Blue 92 .50

............. ................................ ......................... .................... ................... ............................
'Fount'ain ... Plotter.mrk Blue 100 .50

............ I.......................... ................................ ................................ ............. ...............................................
Shutoff Plotter.mrk Blue 76 .50 Default

WELLS

....................................... .............................. ...... ........
Gas Plotter.mrk Green 91 .50
*0il -** .......... P ,lot,ter.' mrk ..... . R*e,d 9*0... .50 ... *"** ...... .......
Monitor Plotter.mrk Black 89 .50 Def ault

Wetlands Plotter.lin Green 95 .50 Def ault
....................
Ponds Plotter.lin Blue 88 .50 Def ault

EROSI ON

.. ........ .....
Breakwaters Plotter.shd Red 85 .35
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
Groins Plotter.shd Brown 561 .50 Def ault
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
Getty Plotter.shd Red 62 .38
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
Rip Rap Plotter.shd Violet 761 .50
....................................... ..................... ...... ............... ................... .................... ...........................
Gabion Plotter.shd Black 61 .35

HUNT

....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ................................................
No Hunt Plotter.shd 65

....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... .... ...............I...........................
Safety Plotter.shd 66
....................................... ................................ ......... ............... .................... ................... ............................
Duck Blinds 67

TOPOGRAPHY

Underground Plotter3.1in Brown 521 .50
.. . . . . ........... .... .. ...... .. ... .....
A b oveground P lot ter3 Ii n a 721 .50

ELECTRIC
......... .. ........
.. .... ...... .. .. .......
Park Above P lot ter3 Ii n Green 99 50
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ............................
Park Under Plotter3.1in Blue 100 .50
- P-- u-- b-- .1 1-c ....A... b. o- v- e- ................ -P. .1 o- t--t. e- r- 3.... -1 in ............ ..R... e. d- .................. ...........9.8..... .. 35 ............. ............................
....................................... ............................... ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
Public Under Plotter3.1in Brown 597 .50 Default
-Met-ey ............................ M-u-n-lclpal.-m-rk ...... .BI-a-e-k ............... ......... 1.1-3--..- -.35 ............. ...........................
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
Pole Municipal.mrk Black 109 .35
.............. .. . . ... . . .. ...... .. ... ...... ... .....
Transfor m er M un 1cipal. m rk BIa ck 106 35

Coverage Symbol Set Color Number Pen Comments

Cut Off Municipal.mrk Black 102 .35

R-0- W

........ ..
Gas Plotter3.1in Violet 793 .50

Oil Plotter3.lin Magenta 693 .50 Default

HISTORIC

Buildings Mineral.mrk Red 221 .35 Default
....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
........ ..... **-*- .... ........ ............

Structures Mineral.mrk Blue 421 .50

................
Sites Mineral.mrk Green 321 .50

....................................... ...................... .............. ................... ..... ..I.......... ...........................
Districts Plotter.shd Violet 757 .50

MGT UNITS
....................................... ................................ ......................I.. .................... ................... .....I ......................
Lakes Plotterl.shd Blue 80 .50

Day-Use Plotterl.shd Red 66 .35
....................................... ................................ .....I................... ................... ................... ...........................
Overnight Plotterl.shd Brown 565 .50
-............ ........
LDA Plotterl.shd Magenta 665 .50
....................................... ...................... -*-- -** ...*. .............. ................... ................... ...........................
Administrative Plotterl.shd Violet 765 .50
....................................... ................................ .....I................... ................... ........... ......
Nat. Area Plotterl.shd Green 79 .50

ON-LOT

Septic Plotterl.shd Black 57 .35 Def ault
.......... .. .... ...... .. . . ....
Leech P lot terl shd Brow n 5 5 7 50
....................................... ................................ .....I................... .................... ................................................
Sand Mound Plotterl.shd Green 59 .50

RAILROAD
............................ .......... ................................ .....I................... .................... ................... ...........................
Active Plotter3.lln Red 86 .35 Def ault
........ ..... .. .... ...... ..
-Inact-ive ........I .......... .P.lot.ter3 .Ii.n........... .Brow.n............. ..........5.8.8..... .. 50 ... .......... .................. .........

ARCHAEOLOGICAL
M_ ... e- d__ I u- ...m...............I.......... ... C_ a-- r--t- o. ..-I-i n. ................ .. B_ Iu-e ................. .......... 4.2-5 ..... .. 50 ............. ............................
....................................... ................................ .....I...................I................... ................... ............................
High Carto.lin Red 225 .35

BUILDINGS
....................................... ................................ .....I................... .................... ................... ............................
Administrative Cartol.shd Red 221 .35
-Pulbl-le .......................... .Cartol...snd ............. .Vi-o-let .............. .......... 7.2-1 ..... .. 50 ............. .Def ault ..............
....................................... ................................ .....I................... ................... ................... ............................
Residence Cartol.shd Green 321 .50
.................... ............... ................ ......................... .................. ................... ...........................
-Lease--- Cartol.shd Magenta 621 .50
....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ........ .......... ...........................
Private-- Cartol.shd Black 121 .35
e
@Le .........
Pr ate
iv I
e7au t sthe standard used when not plMing all the individual attributes in e&ach covera-g-e.---a

These specifications are meant to be dynamic, refined, and adjusted with experience
as the initial program is developed within BSP. The original color, line, and size has
been developed for use with a eight pen plotter. If the BSP upgrades to an inkjet
plotter revisions will have to be made because of the additional flexibility.

5.0 Budget

The budget for the project was divided Into three areas. Approximately 55% of the initial
budget went to map preparation and the remaining 45% was to be spent on equipment and
technical services. Exhibit 5-1 shows the proposed budget and actual expenditures.

6.0 System Evaluation

This section discusses the system development, capability of producing up-to-date base
maps, utility in normal day-to-day operationp applicability to other resources agencies,
and future recommendations for applications.

6.1 Development

The development of Presque Isle State Park GIB program has progressed fairly well
since BSP, Resource Management Section staff did not know what a GIB program
was two years ago. The first year of the project was just a learning experience and
acquiring hardware and software. At the end of the first year BSP realized that GIB
was a very powerful system that could save money and time as well as be a terrific
management tool. It was also noted that developing a GIB program is a major task.
The next step was to establish what would be the basic coverages for Presque Isle
State Park (Exhibit 6-1). The second year of project was devoted to developing the
coverages and writing problems with the coverages. Exhibit 6-2 shows the status of
the coverages as of October, 1994. As noted, all of coverages are not completed but
are scheduled to be finished with the available information with the Phase Il CZM
project for the completion of the pilot GIB program. Phase 11 includes the
enhancement of existing coverages, additional coverages, and applications.

As a basic GIB program has been developed for Presque Isle State Park, it is far
from being completed. There are so many applications, advances in technology, and
additional data needed that the project will never be complete but continue to grow
and be enhanced.

6.2 Base Map

The primary objective of the project was to have the ability to produce an accurate
base map for Presque Isle State Park. This objective was met with success above
the BSP of expectations. Originally BSP figured on digitizing the new boundary of
Presque Isle State Park from the 1-4001 serial photography the U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers provides for April, July, and October annually. This would have enabled
BSP to have a new boundary for the base map within 90 days. However, another
avenue that was tried during the summer of 1994 was to GPS the shoreline. This
method proved to be very acceptable to BSP and allows for a new base miap within a
day. In addition, BSP will be able to create a boundary map anytime they need it,
for example a major storm batters the shoreline and causes major changes shoreline
changes. Exhibit 6-3 shows a base map with a 1993 boundary. The base map does
not have all the names of the roads, trails, etc. because of the large scale it would
be really cluttered. In the Appendix is the same base map drawn at a smaller scale
using the same Information. Total time to produce these maps was less than 1 hour.
If BSP was to do this, the Ink and pen method it would have taken two weeks.

EXHIBIT 5-1

92 CZM GRANT BUDGET

Work Elements Planned Costs Actual Expenditures
Technical Services $ 30,000.00 $ 32p5l4.30
Map Preparation 117pOOO.OO 113,605.28
GIS Equipment 50,000.00 51,207.44
Total $ 197,000.00 197.327.02

Funding Source Amount
Federal Share (CZM) $ 50,000.00
State Funds (BSP) 116,682.25
Oil and Gas Funds 30v644.77
Other

Total $ 197,327.02

Summary

GIS Equipment Amount
Hardware $ 35,655.25
Software 14,705.00
Supplies 847.19
Total $ 51,207.44

Technical Services Amount
ERSI $ 70500.00
USGS 15,000.00
EIS 6,062.50
Miscellaneous 2,551.80
Planned Dynamics 1,450.00
Total 32,514.30

Map Preparation Amount
USGS $ 103,845.00
Travel to Presque Isle State Park
to do Mapping 1,540.52
Hired Staff to Create Maps 6,844.66
Planned Dynamics GPS 1,375.00
Total 113,605.28

EXIBBIT 6-1

COVERAGE CONTENTS

Types ofInformation Contained in Fall Coverage

*Activity Areas (ACT) *Historic Sites (HIST)

A. Guarded Beach Boundaries A. Buildings
B. Research Permit Locations B. Structures
C. Picnic Area C. Districts
D. Ball Fields D. Sites
E. Boat Storage Spaces
F. Valleyball Areas *Management Units (MGT)

*Archaeological Points (ARCHX) A. Resource Management Units
From the Resource Plan
A. Points

*Archaeological Areas (ARCH) *On-Line Disposal System (OLDS)

A. Areas A. Septic Tanks
B. Leech Fields
*Buildings (BLDG) C. Sand Mounds

A. Administrative *Railroads (RAIL)
B. Public
C. Residences A. Active
D. Lease B. Inactive
E. Private
*Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory
*Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) (PNDI)

Areas of Natural Resource Interest A. Wildlif e
*Electric (ELEC B. Fish al
C. Terrestri
D. Historic Areas
A. Park Lines E. Natural Communities
1. Aboveground
2. Underground *Park Boundary (BNDY)
B. Public Lines
1. Aboveground A. Park Boundary
2. Underground B. Township/Borough
C. County/State
*Electrical Points (ELECX) D. Lease

A. Transformers *Park Boundary Description (BDYCOR)
B. Meters
C. Cutoffs A. Corner Numbers
B. Bearings
*Rights-of-Ways/Easements (ROW C. Corner Description

A., Gas
B. Oil

EXMBIT 6-1

(Continued)

*Parking Lots (LOTS) *Structures Point (STRUP)

A. Paved A. Picnic Tables (optional)
B. Gravel B. Park Benches
C. Trailers C. Memorials
D. Charcoal Grills
*Roads (ROAD) E. Radio Towers
F. Monuments
A. Primary G. Train Cans
B. Secondary H. Dumpsters
C. Gravel Improved 1. Lifeguard Chairs
D. Gravel Unimproved J. Bouys
E. Dirt .
F. Abandoned *Structures (STRU)
G. Joint
H. Administrative A. Docks
I. Fire B. Marina Piers
C. Gates
*Sanitary Sewer System (SEWL) D. Underwater Hazards
E. Bridges
A. Park Line 1. Pedestrian
B. Public Line 2. Vehicular
a. One Lane
*Sanitary Sewer System Points (SEWX) b. Two Lane
C. Four Lane
A. Manholes 3. Combination
B. Lift Station *All Tanks (TANK)
*SurVey Control Points (CNTRL)
A. Underground
A. Benchmarks B. Aboveground
B. Monuments
C. Survey Control Points *Trails (TRAIL)
D. Army Corp Control Point Is A. Snowmobile
*Soils (BOIL) B. Hiking
C. Bicycling
A. Sol! Survey Information 1. Mountain Bike
2. Standard Bike
*Signs (SIGN) D. ATV
E. Cross Country Skiing
A. Traff ic F. Equestrian
B. Trails G. Multi-use
C. Information H. Exercise
D. Regulatory 1. Downhill Skiing
E. Bulletin Board

EXIHBIT 6-1

(Continued)

*Vegetation (VEGE) *Topography (TbPD)

A. Overstory A. Contour Lines
B. Understory
C. Exotic Species *Telephones (TELE)

*Water System and Distribution (WATERX) A. Telephone Lines
1. Aboveground.
A. Park 2. Underground
1. Hydrants
2. Wells
3. Fountains
4. Shutoffs
B. Public

Water System and Distribution (WATER)

A. Park
B. Public

*Wells (WELL)

A. Ground Monitor Wells
B. Gas Wells
C. Oil Wells

*Wetlands (WET)

*Ponds (POND)

A. Lagoons
B. Ponds

*Erosion Control (EROS)

A, Breakwaters
B. Groins
C. Jettys
D. Rip Rap
E. Gabion Baskets

*Hunting (HUNT)

A. No Hunting Areas
B. Safety Zones
C. Duck Blinds

EXHIBIT 6-2
PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK STATUS REPORT
Presque Isle Coverage Status

Presque Isle Status Repor
Report Date: 10/26/94
Coverage Cover Cover Rubber Build/
Disedplu Name TyM D*g*t*7,ed &qjectedl Sheeted Cleaned Attributed, fmments

Activity Areas bndry annotation n/a
Archeological Areas Archepol poly no data collected from museum
Archeological Points Archepoi point no
Breakwaters brkwater point yes yes yes yes not needed
Buildims bldgs poly 8/10/94 yes yes yes yes have some GPS bldgs to add
Electric electric point no
Environ. Sensitive Environ poly no need the 12 areas ID in Ohio report
Gas & Oil Lines Utilines line no.
Groins groins line -yes yes yes yes yes
Historical Sites Historic point no
Laaoons/breakwater lagoons poly yes yes yes
Management Units man-unit poly n L can be created from vegetation map
On-lot Disposal Systems olds point no
PA Natural Diversity Inventory PNDI poly gps data hold for Phase II: use ESA's
Park Boundary bndyspfn8 poly 8/10/94 yes yes yes yes
Park Comers bndrycor point no ble
Parking Lots -parking oly yes yes 'yes yes yes I
Railroads Rails line n/a none in Presque Isle Park
Roads roadutmol line yes yes yes yes yes
Sanitary Sewer lines Sansew line no
Sanitary Sewer Manholes Manholes point no
Signs signs point yes yes yes yes
soils soils poly yes yes yes yes yes needs attribs, from anno
Stormwater Collection System Strmsew line n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a none in Presque Isle Park
structures - Points strucpoi point no- yes yes yes no
Structures - Polygons strupol poly no yes yes yes no
Survey Control Points srvcntrI point yes
Tanks (Underground Storage) tanks point no
Trails trails line yes yes yes yes yes
vegetation -vege poly yes yes yes no yes need look-up table
water distribution lines Water line no
water fire hydrants Hydrants point yes yes yes yes yes Combine into one coverage
Water supply wells Wells n/a none in Presque Isle Park
01
wetlands wetlands ion

mpico@slm m m m m@

6.3 Erosion/Deposition

one of the primary application of the Presque Isle State Park GIS program is
to figure the amount of sand deposition and erosion. Exhibit 6-4 is the
program in Arc Info that figures the amount of sand lost and gained and
shows you where it occurred. Exhibit 6-5 is the result of running this
application and comparing shoreline changes between July 1987 and April
1993.

This program will be converted to Are View 2 and designed as a pull down
menu for use by the park.

6.4 Special Maps

The biggest visual ability of Presque Isle State Park staff with the GIS
program is to produce any type of map at any scale using a mix of the
available coverages. For example, listed below are maps that could be
produced for the public or park use.

Group Coverages Used

Boaters Hydrographic and Base
Hunters Facilities, Topographic, and Hunting
Utility Companies Facilities, Vegetation, Wetland, Soils,
Topographic, Archaeological, and
Rights-of-Way
Hikers Topographic, Facility, and Water
Fisherman Topographic and Hydro
Researchers Vegetation, Soils, and PNDI
Contractors Geology, Topographic, and Hodry,
Arenaelogical
Maintenance Staff Gralls, Vegetation (Query done on what
was mowed In the last 3 weeks)
Park Rangers Roads, Trails (To show patrol routes)
Buildings

6.5 EnvironmentaUy Sensitive Area

The Environmentally Sensitive Area Coverage was created using existing
mapped data produced in the RBA Group Study of 1989. Digital data files
produced for the RBA study were acquired in a raster OSU-MAP format. In
order to import the files Into Arc Info, a second GIS package called IDRISI
(produced by Clark University) was used to convert the OSU-MAP files to Are
Info format.

PREPARED
PARK RESOURCES
LEGEND rT-,' Trail Park Breakwate
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGNED BY: KAT L111,111j, Boundary Groins
BUREAU OF STATE PARKS DRAWN BY: Taylor Park
s F-1 Structurg Parking
OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY F-nATi:. 10/29/94 Road Lots

EXMBIT 6-4

SHORELINEAML

Purpose: Determines the shoreline change given two shoreline polygon coverage. The
change is reported in acres for accretion and erosion. Each of the input
coverage representing the boundaries of the park should have only two
polygons, the universe polygons and one polygon representing the park
boundary. Each time the aml is run two new coverage are produced called
accrt_<year> and erosn - <year>. If you want to preserve these coverage
rename them before running the aml a second time. The aml will check if
they exist and delete them before executing.

History: Sally Holbert, March 1, 1994, Original Coding.

Coverage
ACCRT %date% - Coverage resulting from the identity command that contains polygons
represeRing accretion.
EROSN -%date% - Coverage resulting from the identity command that contains polygons
representing erosion.

&type 'This aml requires two input polygon coverages representing the boundary'
&type 'of Presquelsle State Park. There should only be two polygons In each'
&type 'polygon coverage.'

Determine the amount of acretion.
&sv date = Ores 9onse 'What is the year of the newest boundary file:6
&sv inputcov = response 'Enter the name of the most recent boundary file:16
&if Oexists %inputcov% -cover6 &then
&sv idcovero = %inputcov%
&else &do
%type %inputcov% does not exists, Check name of coverage and start aml again.
%goto stop
&end
&sv ldcovact = Oresponse 'Enter the name of the older boundary file:16
&if exists %ideovact% -cover6 &then
&sv inputcov2 = %idcovact%
&else &do
&type %idcovact% does not exists'
&goto stop
&end

Determine the amount of accretion
&if Oexists acert %date% -cover6 &then
kill accrt-19date%
identit@ %inputcov% %idcovact% accrt %date%
&if Oexists erosion %date% -cover6 &tien
kill erosn-%date%
Determine the amount of erosion
identity %inputcov2% %ideovero% erosn-%date%

EXHIBIT 6-4

(Continued)

Start Areplot
areplot
display 9999
&sv mapname *Response 'Enter name for map composition' testmap6
map %mapname%
pagesize 36 24
mapscale automatic

mape acert-%date%
arcs accrt-%date%
arcs erosn %date%
shadeset colornames.shd
reselect accrt-%date% polys perimeter < 130000
polygonshades accrt-%date% 30
clearselect
reselect erosn %date% polys perimeter < 130000
polygonshades erosn -%date% 60
clearselect

Open a cursor to determine total area of erosion
cursor areaero, declare erosn %date% poly rw
reselect erosn %date% poIXgon perimeter c 130000
- 0extract 1 show select erosn %date% poly
&sv selectset =
&if %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
&sv counter = %selectset%
cursor areaero open
&sv erosionsum = 0
&do &until %empty%
&sv erosionsum = %erosionsum% + %:areaero.area%
&sv eroacres = %erosionsum% / 43560
&type %erosionsum%
&type %eroacres% eroded acres
cursor areaero next
&sv counter = %counter% - 1
&if %counter% = 0 &then &sv empty Arue.
&else &sv empty = Jalse.
&end /* &do &until %empty%
&end /* Wf %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
/* Set global variables to hold area values
&sv.erosionsum = %erosionsum%
& sv eroacres = %eroacres%
cursor areaero remove

EXMBIT 6-4

(Continued)

Open a cursor to determine total area of accretion
cursor areaacc declare acert-%date% poly rw
reselect acert %date% polygon perimeter < 130000
Oextract 1 show select accrt date poly66
&sv selectset =
Wf %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
&sv counter = %selectset%
cursor areaacc open
&sv accretsum = 0
&do &until %empty2%
&sv accretsum = %accretsum% + %:areaace.area%
&sv accretsum = %accretsum% / 43560
&type %accretsum%
&type %accacres% acres of accretion
cursor areaacc next
%sv counter = %counter% - 1
Wf %counter% = 0 &then &sv empty2 Arue.
&else &sv empty2 = Jalse.
&end /* &do &until %empty2%
&end /* Wf %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
/* Set global variables to hold area values
&sv.accretsum = %accretsum%
&sv accacres %aceacres%
WV

cursor areaacc remove

/* Create Legend
textsize .35
keybox 1.5 1
keyposition 28 15
keyseparation .25 1
keyshade shoreline.key
/* Report Accretion and Erosion Totals
textsize .35
move 30 14.5
text otruncate %.accacres%6
move 31.5 14.5
text 'acres of accretion',
move 30 12.5
text Otruncate %.eroacres%6
move 31.5 12.5
text 'acres of erosion'

Wabelstop
&type stopping execution

PARK RESOURCES PREPARED 1973 1993
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGNED By. KAT LEGEND Shorelig Shoreline
1987
BUREAU OF STATE PARKS DRAWN BY: GRJ Shoreline
OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY nATF- 10/29/94

----------

PARK RESOURCES PREPARED LEGEND
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGNED By. KAT 47 acres of sand ac
BUREAU OF STATE PARKS DRAWN 13Y:Holbert 39 acres of sand er
OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY nATF, 10/29/94

PARK RESOURCES PREPARED TraillM Park Structurg BrE
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGNED By. KAT LEGEND FN- Boundarp Grc
BUREAU OF STATE PARKS IM Parks& ESA M ESA Pa
DRAWN BY-Holber-- Road Border Buffer Lol
OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY
DATE. 10/29/94

After evaluating the data in Are Info it was decided to produce a new digital
e
data file of the ESAs directly in Arc Info by digitizing the hard copy map of
the ESA areas. This produced a better quality coverage compared to the
digital data file converted from OSU-MAP format to a vector format in Are
Info. When files are converted from a raster (grid cells) format into a vector
format, the boundaries of polygons take on a stair step effect instead of a
smooth Ii ne.

Using the analytical capabilities of Are Info a buffer was generated 50 feet
around each of the zones represented by polygons in the ESA coverage to
produce a buffered coverage called EXANRD 83. If needed for park manage-
ment purposes, different buffer distances based on the degree of protection
required for each ESA zone can be generated. Exhibit 6-7 shows this buffer.

6.6 Other Resource Potential Use

Most of the coverages created for the Presque Isle State Park will be of use
to other resource management agencies listed below. Certain coverages,
such as historic sites, archaelogical sensitive areas, and species of special
concern, will be restrictive use,to other agencies. This is required by the
sensitivity of the item, regulations, and/or letters of agreements between
agencies. Exhibit 6-8 is an example of letter that was need to obtain
information.

All of hardware and software acquired is compatable with the types of
equipment used by PA DER as well as federal agencies. The data collected
used guidelines from other agencies responsible for similar types of data.
BSP did not want to recreate the wheel or develop new standards to replace
existing ones. The BSP did make guidelines more restrictive because of the
scale they perfered to work at.

PA DER Agencies

0 Bureau of Forestry
0 Bureau of Waste Management
Bureau of Water Projects
Bureau of Land and Water Conservation
Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

Other Pennsylvania Agencies

0 Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency
0 Pennsylvania Game Commission
0 Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission

Federal Agencies

National Ocean Atmospheric Administration
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
� Soil Conservation Service
� U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
0 U.S. Geological Survey

6.7 Future Applications

The following is a list of future applications being considered for Presque Isle
State Park. Applications marked with an asterick are currently under
development by the Resources Management Section of BSP for the 93 CZM
Project due for completion in 1995.

0 Mowing schedule with height and time restrictions for maintenance.*
0 Water shut location and type for maintenance.*
Sip location, replacement, and for maintenance and administration.
Exact Location of PNDI species for administration, maintenance and
ranger functions.
0 One foot contour map for administration to show lake level effects
(BSP has 65% of Park in Hardcopy Maps).*
0 Rights-of-Way maps for administration.
0 Houseboat inspections for administration.
Exotic species areas of concern for administration.
Monument location for administration.*
0 Historic shoreline erosion for administration and environmental
education.
- Pump preventive maintenance for maintenance.
0 Breakwater maintenance plan for maintenance.
Marina reservations for administration.
Bouy placement for ranger activities.

7.0 Recommendations

The following is a list of recommendations that will be made to BSP senior staff
for enhancement of the GIS program and implementation statewide.

0 To use State Plane, NAD 83 as the standards projection for state park maps.

0 To establish a GIS coordinator to oversee the GIS program in BSP.

0 To require a inkjet plotter for maps upto 1711 x 1111 in size.

0 To use GPS equipment for collecting of data within the park boundary. The
1-2 meter accuracy will be a major improvement in the quality of state park
maps and will be an acceptable error factor.

0 To use the Department's cardiographic section to digitize existing accurate
maps into Auto Cadd for use by Resources Management Section. The
Resources Management Section will use Are CAD to take maps between Are
Info and Auto CADD.

0 To acquire Are CAD and Arc Scan modules for Arc Info for use with the GIS
program.

0 To take the Information from this project and Phase 11 and develop a
Geographic Information System Plan for the Bureau of State Parks before
continuing with future a6plications.

EXHIBIT 6-8
PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL AND MUSEUM COMMISSION LETTER

COMMONWEALTHOF PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Environmental Resources
June 29, 1994

In Reply Refer to:
PF-P-RM

SUBJECT: Archaeological and Historical Sites
Presque Isle State Park

TO: Kurt Carr
Chief
Division of Preservation Services
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

FROM: Roger Fickes
Director
Bureau of State Parks
Department of Environmental Resources

This memo is in reference to the confidential historical and
archaeological site information/data for Presque Isle State Park.

The information received from the PA Historical and Museum Commission
on historical and archaeological sites in Presque Isle State Park is
for official use only and will not be provi ded to the general public or
any other agencies.' The data will remain with the Bureau of State
Parks as part of the Geographic Information System (GIS) that is being
developed for Presque Isle State Park for resource management planning
and administrative purposes.

If you have any questions, please contact Keith A. Taylor of the
Resources Management and.Planning Division at (717) 783-3305.

bcc: Park Region 2
Presque Isle State Park
Presque Isle GIS,
Daily
File

RF:GMS:JPB:KAT:jd

APPENDIX

PI Coverage Dictionary
DLG Map
GPS Summary Sheet

Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary

Coverage Print Area 131:1157 Attribute Aftribute Aftribute Allowable
Name Type
Descri "to Name D-efi-n-itio-n
gmdpig V&qe ts
Archeological Areas Archeo poly site name name c,30
site id no. site id c,9
site descrip descrp PAO
Buildings bldgs poly bldgL!ype.._ type 1c,9 admin,public,residence
use c,20 change house,restmm,cabins
bldg id number id c,8
building name name c,25
floor space (sq. ft.) floor sp n,5.0
Buildinq Material bldgmatl c,l see LUT for codes
buildina condition cond c.1 see LUT for codes
No. of Months of Use mo use n,2.0 months per year?
type of heating heat 0
hot water hoth2o I
year bldg constructed _yr built c,4
hist-rea 0
hist use U
trim painted trim n,5.0
year trim last painted trim-yr n,4.0
ex wood n,5.0
ex wd yr n,4.0
int wood n,5.0
in wd_yr n,4.0
masonry n,5.0
r mason n,4.0
roof n,5.0
yr roof n,4.0
day nite c,2
roof pit c,4
electric 0
plumbing n,2.0
leased 3,c.
maintain U
showers U

Electric electric point pole-id 0
tmsform 0 NO or KW rating
power i,3 KW ratina
cut-off c,1 Y or N
!Service To serves c.15

Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary

locatn C.1 0 (overhead) or U (underground)
Environ. Sensitive Environ

Gas & Oil Lines Utilines line owner c,18
type c,6
Historical Sites Historic Site Name name c,24
Description descrp c,40

Management Units man unit poly
mgmtunit poly unit-ld number unit-id c,8 4801.000 thru 4806.000
On-lot Disposal Systems Olds _point Type system type 1c.16
Tank Size tankvol 1n,4.0
Field Size fleldsiz n,5.0
Date Installed dateinst
Park Boundary bndry poly owner owner c,4 twp.,boro,cnty,stat,cfty
ownership type c,6 lease.own

Park Comers bndrycor point comer No. cor id C,5
description cor desc c,40

Parking Lots parking poly surface surftype c,9 paved,aravel
use c,14 autotrailers

PA Natural Diversity Inventory PNDI poly eo-code C,15
common name name c,25
scientific name scientif c,25
status 1c,12 rare,endanglered,threateneWd.undert rmined
class C,15 terrestrial,aguat[cwildlife,exotfe
museum number museum c,9
Railroads Rails line Name of Railroad owner use item sizes from R2T files
Name of Rail Line linename
roads line -Prefix (North,South) roadpre c,2
Name of Road roadname c,18
Road Type roadtype c,4 ST.LN,BLVD,AVE,CT,

Roads class class c,9 primarysecondary
surface 18 gravetimproved, asphaft
gravetun-improved, concrete
earth
@oint
OIA

status status 9 in-use
I abandoned

Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary

Signs signs Sign Post Material post 02 steel channel,wood 4X4,
wood W,concrete,steel pipe,
qate mounted.other
Reflective reflect c,1 y or n
Height height c,3
I -

Sign Mate ial -sign c,12 routed wood, metal, plastic
plywood, other
Date Installed dateinst CA YY/MM/DD

Sign's Message text c,25
Owner owner C,18
comment c,30
sign class class destination,information.
environmental Interpretive,
traffic,special,other
multiple c,1 YorN

soils soils poly

Stormwater Collection System Strmsew line Line ID no. id c,9
material type type c,12
ter diameter n,4.1
invert elev. upstream My up n,7.2
Invert elev. down stream inv dn n7.2

structures struc point structure identification no struc id c,9
structure type type 08

Survey Control Points srvcntrl Point ID no.

Tanks (Underground Storage) tanks point Tank ID no. tank id c,9
Legal Owner of Tank owner c,24
contents c,15 asoline, diesel fuel, etc.

Trails trails Iline trail use use c,10 nowmobile,hiking, !codes field with LUT
bicycling,atv,skilng,equestflan
exercise,cross-country
type construction constr c,10 asphaft,concrete,unpaved,other

Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary

trail width width
trail name name c,1 5
vegetation vege poly vege type type c,1 A,B,C,D,E,F,K,P
Site Class siteclas 0
Wastewater Collection system Size/Stocking Class sizeclas c,1 12345678
Sanitary Sewer Sansew line Line ID no. id c,9 luse upstream manhole ID
material type type c,12
ter diameter n,4.1
invert elev. upstream iny up 7.2
Invert elev. down stream inv dn n7.2
Manholes Manholes point Manhole ID no. id c,9
rim elevation rim ele n,7.2
invert elevation inv ele n,7.2
Manhole Type type cl pre-cast.brick.other
Water Distribution system
distribution lines Water line material type type c,9
diameter c,5
fire hydrant Hydrants point id c's

Water supply wells Wells points Well ID no. -well id
owner c,24

wetlands wetlands poly Wetland Type type c,2 U1,U2.U3,U4-

Activity Areas bndry annotation

c=1

PARK RESOURCES PREPARED LEGEND PoliticaQ Transportation
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGNED BY: KAT Boundari lines
BUREAU OF STATE PARKS DRAWN BY. USGS Contours E] Hydrography
OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY DATE- 10/29/94

SUMMARY SHEET FOR PRESQUE ISLE GPS PROJECT

JULY 25-29, 1994

Weather: Clear to partly cloudy skies with temperatures in the high seventies.

Worked on GPS from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

Si-an The signs were taped on the lower left corner to signify that the sign was logged
on the data logger. The data dictionary was set up so that the date for the sign
installation was automatically generated by the computer. This could have proved to be
a bigger problem if the attribute was located in the middle of the data menu. One could
not press enter when the date appeared.. The next step was to feature off of signs. If
the date was in the mideele of themenu, it is unsure of what the procedure would be,
possibly moving to the next attribute would work. The only GPS unit problem was a
defective battery that would not stay charged. Definitely need two or three people
doing singn, with two units working on the feature. Total hours spend collecting
was 13.5.

Shoreline: A tree was marked to set a marker on beach 10. There were several times
when there was not enough satellites available or the PDOP was too high. Did not use
data dictionary because the basic unit was used. An ATM was used and the shoreline was
done twice in a relatively short period of time. The second trip on the shoreline was
better because more satellites were available. Did some bay points and used a truck for
transportation. We walked along the concrete structures along Perry's Monument, the
West Pier, the East Pier and by the Coast Guard Station. Shoul have created a data
dictionary for shore points for the bay side and then we could have used the pro and
added attribute Information. Total hours collecting data was 18 with three hours on gull
point.

Water Utilities: No markers were set. Feature selected itself several times and the key
pad was never touched. No problems with the data dictionary. Could not stand right,
next to the building when data logging spigots and fountains. Total hours collecting data
was 26.

Trails: GPS equipment was not hooked up properly and got "NO GPS RESPONSE"
message. We checked our connections and then continued. Have to make sure that
everyone knows how to feature off of an intersection within the trail feature. The basic
machine was also used for trails and worked very well. Fox Trail could not be connected
so there is a portion in the middle that is missing. Have to use an ATM or the trails
would not get done. Total hours collecting data was 42.5.

PNDI: No markers were set. Need to use range poles instead of the backpacks. Should
have crated a feature for wetlands, because a few areas were recorded as terrestrial.
Cannot pause data logger for more than two minutes. Total hours collecting data
was 24.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Urban and Regional Information System Association, introduction to GISP
1991-1993, pp 4-2 - 6-12

Rafkind, Charles D. and De Hugh Devine, Geographic Information System
Management and Operations Plan for Colonial National Historic Park, Revised
December 1993

RafkInd, Charles D., SOP GIS and Feature Taxonomy April 28, 1992, pp 5-14

Leslie, Harry, Presque Isle State Park Resource Management Plan, May 1993

Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc., Presque Isle Bay Recreational Boating StudV,
March 1994

Environmental System Research Institute, Inc.p Understanding GIS the Are Info
Method, 1992

NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY
3 6668 14111945 5 @