Annette Islands stream inventory potential salmon production summary

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

ANNETTE ISLANDS
STREAM INVENTORY

Potential Salmon
Production Summary

EVELYN BIGGS, FISHERIES MANAGEMENT BIOLOGIST

18736

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM INVENTORY

Potential Salmon Production Summary

Prepared for the

Metlakatla Indian Community

Evelyn D. Biggs
Fisheries Management Biologist

US Department of Commerce
NOAA Coastal Services Center Library
2234 South Hobson Avenue
Charleston, SC 29405-2413

'This project was supported, in part, by
Federal Coastal Zone Management Program Imple-
mentation Funds (P.L. 92583, Sec. 306) granted
to the State of Alaska by the Office of Coastal
Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmo-
spheric Administration, U.S. Department of
commerce.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my thanks and appreciation to the following
people:

Joe Yuska and Chuck Huntington, two Oregon State University
graduate students, for their long, hard hours in the field,
for their assistance with the data interpretation and for their
invaluable advice concerning stream inventories.

The Annette Island U.S. Weather Bureau staff for the helium, the use
of tools, regulators, and muscle-power, and for their instruc-
tions concerning balloon handling.

Dale Williams, for his assistance in interpreting and providing
additional insight to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service data.
Also thanks to many of the Metlakatla Indian community members
who provided me with additional historic information concerning
Annette Island streams and the salmon resource.

The Metlakatla Indian Community, Annette Natural Resource Center
staff for their assistance in keeping this project rolling and
for the use of their offices and equipment.

Pacific Rim Planner, Inc., for providing me with office space
and for their advice and assistance concerning this project.

Finally, to June Hanley who put in long hours and did an excellent
job typing this report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Number

Introduction I

Part 1. Literature Review 4

Adult Return Migration 4
Spawning 4
Incubation 8
Juvenile Rearing 10
Smolt Migration and the 13
Early marine Life 15
Marine Survival and the
Ocean Environment

Part 2. summary of Production Potentials 18
and Conclusions

Part 3. Individual Stream Surveys 27
Interpretation of Stream 26
Survey Forms

Appendices

I. Glossary of Stream Terms 298

II. Methods and Data Sources 299

III, Low Level Aerial Photography 300
Technique

Literature Cited 302

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Page Number

Figure 1. Stream Summary Map vi

Figure 2.-61. See Individual Stream Listing iv-v

Table 1. Habitat Preferences and Salmon 5-6
Production Statistics

Table 2. Realized Survival Rates in 16
British Columbia and Alaska

Table 3. Production Statistics and Model 19

Table 4. Summary of Recommended 20
Escapements

Table 5. Stream Production Potential 21
Summary

Table 6. Potential Production of Salmon 23
According to Stream Size and
Type in Percentage of the
Total

STREAM LISTING

Individual
Stream
watershed Statistical Survey
Stream Name Number Number Page Number

1 Anvil Mountain Creek 112-01 101-28-001 27
2. Cowboy Creek 112-02 101-28-002 31
3. Nichols Passage Creek 11 111-01 101-28-003 35
4. Nichols Passage Creek 1 111-02 101-28-004 41
5. Japan Creek 11 109-01 101-28-005 45
6. Japan Creek 1 108-01 101-28-006 49
7. Hidden Creek 107-03 101-28-007 53
8. Japan Creek 111 107-04 101-28-008 55
9. North Fork Hemlock Creek 107-01 -- 57
10. Hemlock Creek 107-02 101-28-009 59
11. Tain Creek 105-04 101-28-010 63
12. Lower Trout Lake Creek 105-01 101-28-011 67
13. North Upper Trout Lake Creek 105-02 101-28-012 71
14. South Upper Trout Lake Crek 105-03 101-28-013 77
15. Melansin Creek 104-01 101-28-014 83
16. Chester Creek 104-01 -- 87
17. No Name Creek 102-01 101-28-015 88
18. Davis Creek 102-02 101-28-016 89
19. Sawmill Creek 102-03 101-28-017 93
20. Graveyard Creek 101-01 101-28-018 97
21. Far North Smugglers Creek 101-02 101-28-020 101
22. North Smugglers Creek 101-03 101-28-021 103
23. Yellow Hill Lake Creek 104-04 101-28-022 107
24. Smugglers Creek 111 101-05 101-28-024 ill
25. Smugglers Creek 11 101-06 101-28-026 115
27 Weather Bureau Creek 101-08 101-28-027 119
28. Gillnet Creek 101-09 101-28-028 123
29. Canoe Cove Creek 1 101-10 101-28-029 127
30. Canoe Cove Creek 11 101-11 101-28-030 131
31. Canoe Cove Creek 111 101-12 101-28-031 135
32. Hidden Cove Creek 101-13 101-28-032 137
33. Tokyo Creek 405-01 101-26-002 141
34. Annette Inn Creek 405-02 101-26-001 145
35. Moss Cove Creek 405-03 101-26-003A 149
36. Moss Point Creek 405-04 101-26-003 151
37. Deer Creek 405-05 101-26-004 155
38. Alder Creek 405-06 101-26-005 159
39. Coast Guard Creek 405-07 101-26-006 161
40. Colby Creek 405-08 101-26-007 165
41. Hospital Creek 405-09 101-26-008 169
42. Powerhouse Creek 1 404-01 101-26-015 173
43. Powerhouse Tailwaters Creek 404-02 101-26-016 177
44. Powerhouse Creek 11 404-03 101-26-017 181
45. Trail Creek 403-01 101-26-018 183

STREAM LISTING Continued

Individual
Stream
Watershed Statistical Survey
Stream Name Number Number Page Number

46. Tent Creek 403-02 101-26-019 187
47. Lower Tamgas Creek 402-01 101-26-025 189
48. Upper Tamgas Creek 402-03 101-26-027 193
49. Lea Creek 402-02 101-26-026 199
50. Unsurveyed Creek 401-01 -
51. Unsurveyed Creek 311-01 --
52. West Campbell Creek 311-02 101-24-030 201
53. East Campbell Creek 310-01 101-24-032 205
54. Annette Point Creek 309-01 101-24-079 209
55. Lesser Indian Rock Creeks 309-02 101-24-081 213
56. Indian Rock Creeks 308-01 101-24-083 217
57. Unsurveyed (Crater Lake Creek) 307-01 --
58. Beaver Creek 306-01 101-24-086 221
59. Kwain Creek 306-02 101-24-087 225
60. South Crab Bay Creek 305-01 101-24-094 229
61. North Crab Bay Creek 305-02 101-24-095 235
62. South Blunt Mountain Creek 304-01 101-24-096 239
63. North Blunt Mountain Creek 304-02 101-24-097 243
64. Camp Cove Creek (Ham Island) 300-01 101-24-098 245
65. Mink Creek 303-01 101-24-099 249
66. Cascade Creek 11 301-01 101-42-056 250
67. Cascade Creek 1 301-02 101-42-057 251
68. Hassler Harbor Creek 1 202-01 101-42-058 255
69. Hassler Harbor Creek 111 202-02 101-42-059 259
70. Hassler Harbor Creek IV 202-03 101-42-060 261
71. Triangle Lake Creek 202-04 101-42-061 265
72. Upper Triangle Lake Creek 202-05 101-42-063 269
73. Pelican Creek 201-03 101-42-064 273
74. Upper Tood Creek SE 201-04 101-42-062 276
76. Todd Stream 201-02 101-42-065 277
77. Lower Todd Creek 201-06 101-42-066 281
78. Nadzaheen Creek 201-01 101-42-067 285
79. Annette Bay Creek 115-01 101-42-068 289
80. Annette Bay Halfway Creek 115-02 101-42-069 293
81. Unsurveyed 114-01 -
82. Unsurveyed 113-01

FIGURE 1
Legend

CH ............ Chum Salmon
Unsurveyed CO ............ Coho almon
113-01 Spim Island CT ............ CutthS Trout
Uns.rv.y.cl DV ............ Dolly rfarden
Anvil Mtn. Creek P,CH 11 kgotte B.yH.If.. Creek P.............. Pink Salmon
1
Cowboy Creek CH,CT,.Pcot I 5-@IXnn RB ............ Rainbow Trout
12-01 CH'P -tta Say
Creek
I
112-02 11 "1 SH ............ Steelhead
P,
Nichols Passage Creek 11 CH,CT,P :all adzahaen Creek
11 1-01 01-41 CH,C0,CT,P,SH B.v.r Creek( Creek Name
Nichol. Passage Creek I CHI Pon Weir 306-01(-- Watershed Number
111-02 P
Todd LIke Triarigle I (--St-M
CFalls 02-04
CCOT Line Indicates Upper Range of
H, DV
CT,DV RB RB Hassler Harbor Salmon In Steams or Barriers
IV
T d 202-0@3'@
r
StMT,DV,RB CH?CO? H,2,slr Carb-
1_0 CT,Pk --s'-r r
22C .2-.1 k I
C
..s . 0
Lower odd Creek Hassler,@Harbo
Pal as
201-06 P. ask 202-;@greek 111',+
R C-
c H,CO,
,Upper Todd CDTV CH,P.
Creek SW
201-05
Upper Todd Ck SE Cascade Creek I
201-04 p;: 01-02
Ur Tr,..g,.
202-05 Creek Tri-4'
CT Lak,, Cascade Creek 11
Japan Creek 11 C*,P North Fork Hemlock 301 _01
109-01
Japan Creek ICH,CO,,107-01
1CTIP F1.11. Unsurveyed
We CH,CO,P CHI 0?C Camp Cove Creek
JapanCreek III H,CO,CT P DV,p 300-01
107-04 Falls Hemlock Creek Unsurveyed U
Hidden Creek n,.rveyed C-d. Falls,
107-03 107-02 Z.ke
Hendock Island M,nk Creek
3 3-01
Lower Trout ke Creek
1701 so
ails
Tain Cree HI'..,
CO,CT,
105-04'0
DV,p,S North Blunt Mtn. Creek
North Upper Trout Lake Creek 304-02
Melanson Creek HICT 105-02 C CT,DV,SO South Blunt Mtn. Creek
104_01PCT,RB CH, -F 304-01
Metlakatla
Sawmill Creek
102-030
Chester Creek South Upper Trout Lake Creek @,'CH,CO,P
Cc 104-01 Ch,s- @ke F
OD Z:@) ""' CO:C North Crab Bay Creek
Grlavoelyard Davis Creek DV S 305-02
10 H C102-02 No Name Creek
CT: P102-01 CH,CO,
H,CT, CH PSouth Crab Bay Cr Crab Bay
PCP CH 305-01
r, Unsurveyed
Cjq Far North Smugglers reek CH, CO,
T:PP.L.k,
101-12 North Smugg era r kho se Creek ICT.RB
101-63
Yellow HillisagRB 401-01 P Powerhouse Talleaters Creek Kwain Bay
10'-04 404-02
Smugglers Creek I I ICHICO
101-05R Kwaln Creek Beaver Creek
Smugglers Creek 11 peaH,P 306-02 14,p 306-01
wh se Creek 11
Hospital reek 404-03 COICT @09
405-09
I ,;o CH 'CO, CH Creek
Weather Bureau reek T,P lby Creek 4 "it
H, 40P03-01
101-08 CC." S'01 Upper Tinges Creek
CH,CO,CT, ant Creek 402-03
.P,RB, "notte 403-:0 T_gas Lak CO,CT,DV,SH
e5 Coast Guard reek el CQ.CT1
V,SH
Gillne C 405-07 CH.CO,p
101-0 amgas Cr It Lee Creek
Low""
Canoe Cove Creek IC@A CO' 4.2-0 CH CO,CT,DV,P,SH,SO 402-02 Unsurveyed
-10 CT, PCH,CO- A.1door, Creek 307-01
101 P
RjTH:C
Canoe Cove Cr IIPO,+_ Door Creek
101-11 .11 Y@ 405-05 Unsurveyed CO,CT
Hidden Cove Creek Canoe Cove Tek I I ICH,P 401-01 CO,CT CH.CO
101-13 CH,P @301-1120Mo a Point Creek H? CH, H,P Indian Rack Creeks
Tokyo CreekC405-04CH @C kast Fork B-01
@O CT, PaNorth For 30
40"1 CH,CO a. Cove C-E P CH, Less r Indian Rock Creeks
CT, Pat 405-03 CO,CT CH,P 309-02
nn to Inn Creek
4:2 405-02 Unsur C 'P eat Campbell Creek
ad
311-01 West am 11 Creek 310-01
ell" 311-02C
Annette Point Creek
SEXTANT POINT 309-01
fie0
'10 3 4 5 NILES
POINT VISON 0'
a',

-Ir

"This project was supported, In part,by
Federal Coastal Zone Management "ram
Implementation Funds (P.L. 92583,Sec. 306) Annette Islands Evelyn Biggs, Fisheries
granted to the State of Alask by the Office
" Coastal Zone Management, 'Natimall.0ceanic Stream Survey Management Biologist
and Atmospheric Administration, U.S
Department of Commerce.,

45- IS

introduction
UOMW

The Metlakatla Indian Community (MIC), because of its unique right
to manage the Annette Island resources, compiles a Salmon Manage-
ment Plan every year. In the course of salmon fisheries management,
since salmon have a freshwater life-cycle phase and since much
of what happens in the streams (escapement, spawning, incubation.
of eggs, rearing of fry, smoltification and outmigration) determines
the future magnitude of salmon stocks originating in those streams,
there arises the need for a freshwater habitat evaluation. This
evaluation provides baseline data for monitoring and manipulating
potential and current salmon production from streams. This study
was devised and compiled to provide MIC resource planners with
baseline data to aid in wise management and potential enhancement
of Annette Islands' valuable salmon resource.

This inventory was compiled from several previous and recent studies
conducted on Annette Island. In 1971-1976, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service conducted stream and lake surveys on Annette
Island; however, no formal report was ever published revealing
these findings. In 1979, a watersheds study was completed examining
water quality, water flow characteristics of some streams, lakes,
and estuaries surrounding the Annette Islands (Pacific Rim Planners,
Inc., 1979A). Data from both of these studies was combined with
data collected in streams during 1980 and 1981 and evaluated in
terms of how various physical and biological parameters affect
salmon production in the streams and recommendations regarding
management and enhancement of the streams were made. In addition,
stream conditions and salmon production realized on the Annette
Islands were related to conditions and production found in other
Pacific Northwest locations through a literature review.

There are approximately 82 streams that drain the Annette Islands
(a few other small creeks exist, but were not counted). More
detailed descriptions of the major watersheds and their sub-
basins is available in the Annette Island Watershed Study and
Annette Islands Coastal Management Program (Pacific Rim Planners,
Inc., 1979A and 1979B). The streams range in size considerably,
but are of three general types:

1. those streams draining muskeg ponds, lakes or originating
from muskeg run-off (e.g. Canoe Cove Creeks, Graveyard,
Creek), characterized by lower pH and high Tannic Acid
concentration

2. those streams draining higher elevation lakes (eg. Tain
Creek, Tamgas Creek) characterized by high temperatures
in the summer and less variable streamflow.

3. and those streams originating from mountain run-off (e.g.
Annette Point Creek, Anvil Mountain Creek) characterized
by low year round temperatures and flashiness (variable
flows)

Specific characteristics of each of the creek types affect salmon
production as well as physical and biological factors that occur
in all three creek types. The various factors that affect salmon
production in streams, including factors characteristic of the
stream types, fall into two general categories:

I. Physical Factors (12)

A. Hydrogeographic

1. stream bed gradient
2. bottom composition and gravel types
3. meander (sinuosity)
4. origin
5. pool:riffle ratios and pool size
6. water velocity
7. water flow (can be related to rainfall, 32,36)
8. stream depth and width
9. stream bank composition and stability
10. presence or absence of barriers to migration

B. Chemical

1. pH and cause of acidity or basicity
2. water temperature
3. clarity/turbidity
4. dissolved oxygen
5. dissolved carbon dioxide
6. total alkalinity
7. total hardness
8. dissolved and suspended solids (related to B.3)
9. conductivity
10. pollutants or toxins

C. Other

1. large organic debris presence
2. small organic matter presence
3. presence of beaver dams or other physical obstructions
(including man-made ones)

II. Biological Factors

A. Extrapensatory (independent of population density
all physical factors are considered extrapensatory)

1. stream primary productivity
2. stream invertebrate abundance
3. terrestrial insect abundance (as a potential salmonid
food source)
4. aquatic and terrestrial vegetation present

B. Compensatory (freshwater survival is generally related
inversely with factor, usually over a threshold number)

1. escapement magnitude
2. density of eggs and alevins in gravel and of fry
and fingerlings in the stream

C. Depensatory (freshwater mortality due to factor generally
related inversely with population density)

1. predation (although this can be compensatory also)

Many of these factors are interdependent and a complex model involving
all of them has never been compiled, even though many stream models
have been drawn up. Since many of these factors were examined
in the Annette Islands streams, a production model could be constructed
if only for each of the three stream types. However, for the
purposes of estimated potential salmon production, a very simple
model was drawn up utilizing survival rates realized in streams
similar to those on Annette, optimal escapements based on available
spawning bed magnitude and historical escapement, and relating
survival and salmon migration (of both adults and smolts) to individual
stream conditions. It is recommended that for future estimates
of actual stream production projections, a more precise model
be constructed based on weather conditions (and relating those
to stream flow, changes in available rearing and spawning habitat,
stream temperature, other water quality factors and miscellaneous
other physical and biological factors), actual escapements, fry
counts, hatchery releases, and salmon catch (commercial); in addition,
changes made affecting creeks, such as logging practices, road
construction, and pollution, should be taken into account prior
to stream production modelling. At this point in time, there
is sufficient baseline data present or currently being collected,
to compose a rudimentary model similar to that suggested.

. ... ......

'41

Literature Review

A thorough review of current literature is valuable in relating
stream conditions and habitat characteristics found on Annette
Island to similar streams and factors affecting production
in the Pacific Northwest that have been well documented. Produc-
tion statistics found in these other streams may provide a
clearer picture of what could be expected in terms of potential
production out of Annette Island streams. Factors affecting
production and production statistics will be examined in each
phase of salmon life history, beginning with the migration
of the adults to their home streams (only factors and species
that could or do occur on Annette will be covered in detail).

Adult Return Migration

Many of the migration patterns and timing of salmon are genetical-
ly determined (4); however, physical factors do affect and
change run timing and success. First of all, a stream must
be physically large enough to accommodate salmon. Table 1
summarizes preferred and/or acceptable habitat conditions and
includes acceptable stream depths that will allow salmon passage.
Temperature can also affect salmon migration, but generally,
detrimental affects occur only above a certain tolerable level
(see Table 1 for ranges). Burgner (4) found that earlier warmer
water temperatures induced earlier sockeye migrations. Adequate
dissolved oxygen levels are required for sustained swimming
of salmon (high temperature during the fall can lead to decreased
oxygen levels), and it has been determined that levels should
not fall below 5 mg/l oxygen during migration (28). Turbidity
should not exceed 400 mg/l as it abrades salmon gills and
acts as a thermal barrier (28). Barriers that impede migration
should be identified, whether they are falls, debris jams,
or excessive water velocities, removable or stationary. Table
1 lists acceptable velocities for salmon migration. Bryant
(14) states that large organic debris (LOD) does not, in most
cases, -block fish passage. In fact, LOD can actually aid
in migration by providing "stepped falls" in places that would
normally be a velocity barrier (32). Adequate streamflow
are critical to migration by providing acceptable depths and
oxygen levels for passage. Thompson (9) stated that stream
flow required for passage was found to be generally 67% of
that required for spawning. Delayed stream flows increases
over the summer was shown to delay the timing of the upstream
migration of pink and chum salmon (12).

Spawning

The most obvious factor affecting spawning is the amount of suit-
able area available. Creek size, the percentage of suitable
gravels present, and stream flow generally determine the amount
of area that will be available. Table 1 summarizes preferred
or acceptable water depths, velocities and temperatures.for
the different species of salmon. Successful spawning has occurred
in temperatures ranging from 2.2 to 20C; however, a sudden
drop in temperature can cause all spawning to cease (28). Gravel
size is important as each species has a particular range of
sizes it can use. Table 1 summarizes gravel sizes acceptable

TABLE 1. HABITAT PREFERENCES AND SALMON PRODUCTION STATISTICS

For Spawning: Redd Size/
Area Recommended per
Spawning Pair
Preferred/Acceptable Temperature Preference/ For Incubation and Rearing:
Life History (P/A) P/A Velocity Tolerance Substrate Size Densities Observed,
PINKS Phase Depth (m) (fps) (-C) Preference Area/Fish/ Fish/Area

Fecundity: Adult .18m - Oregon (34) 7.0 (34) 6.2 - 15.6 (28)
1300-1800 (12,70) Migration .09-1.1m- Kodiak (2) .1-4.0-Kodiak(2:
1500* Spawning I Sm - Oregon (34) 2 2
.15-.53m (28) .7-3.33 (28) 7.2 - 12.8 (28) 1.3-10.2cm (28) .6m /.6m (28)
Incubation Apparent (in 4.4 - 13.3 25% volume of fines .002m 2/1000/m2 (28)
gravel) (fine::!-: 6.4mm) (28) Alaska
X0033 Qhm/h)
.4 scour v
Fry-Fingerling 5.6-14.6, optimum=10.1 2cm fish: .002m 2/1000m 2
Upper leathal=25.8 (28) (28) Alaska

CHUM

Ul Fecundity: Adult ?.18m - Oregon (34) 8.0 (34) 8.3-15.6 (28)
2100-3100 (12,20) Aigration
Spawning 2 2
2500* ::-.18m - Oregon (34) 1.5-3.3 (34) 7.2-12.8 (28) 1.3-10.2cm (28) 2.3m /9.2m (28)
-.7-3.3 (28)
Incubation Apparent (in 4.4-13.3 (28) < 25% volume of fines .001m 2/1000/m2 (28)
gravel) (fihes;@E6.4mm) (28) in B.C.
>.003 (20cm/h)
< scour vel.
Fry Fingerling 11.2-14.6 optimum=13.5 .03m2 /33.3 /m2 (28) in B.C.
Upper lethal=25.8 (28)

COHO

Fecundity- Adult :!!:.18m - Oregon (34) 8.0 (34) 7.2-15.6 (28)
Migration
2850* Spawning ?:.18m - Oregon (34) 1-3 (34) 4.4-9.4 (28) 1.3-10.2cm (28) 2.8m2/11.7m 2 (28)
.7-2.3 (28)
Incubation Apparent (in 4.4-13.3 (28) < 25% volume of fines .33m2/3lm2 (28) in B.C.
gravel)
>.0033 (20cm/h) fines _< 6.4mm (28)
< scour vel.
Fry-Fingerling .3-1.2 (9,34) .2-.8 (9,34) 11.8-14.6 optimum=20.0 3.7-5.5m 2/.2-.3/m 2 (28)
.3-7 (9) Upper lethal=25.8 (28) in B.C.

Annette Island - 1981 Tamgas Hatchery Brood Stock Statistics

CONTINUED

.ABLE 1. HABITAT PREFERENCES AND SALMON PRODUCTION STATISTICS CONTINUED

I For Spawning: Redd Size/
Area Recommended per
Spawning Pair
Preferred Temperature Preference/ For Incubation and Rearing
Life History (P/A) P/A Velocity Tolerance Substrate Size Densities Observed,
)CKEYE Phase Depth (m) (fps) (00 Preference Area/Fish/ Fish/Area

tcundity: Adult @@.18m - Oregon (34) 7. 0 7.2 - 15.6 (28)
Migration
600* Spawning ?.18m - Oregon (34) Around 1. 75 (28) 10.6-12.2 (28) 1.3-10.2cm (28) 1.8m 2/6.7m 2
.3-.46m -Wash (34) Washington

Incubation Apparent (in 4.4-13.3 (28) <25% volume of fines
gravel) (f ines t-@ 6.4mm) (28)
@-.0033 (20cm/h)
< scour vel.

Fry-Fingerling 11.2-14.6 aptimuw--15.0
Upper le thal=24.6 (28)

EELHEAD

Adult ?!.18 - Oregon (34) 8.0 (34)
Migration
Spawning @7.18 - Oregon (34) 2.0-2.3 (28) 3.9-9.4 (28) .6- 10.2cm (28) 5.4m 2
Oregon
Incubation Apparent (in <25% volume of fines
gravel) (f ines-:@- 6.4mm) (28)
@>.0033 (20cm/h)
-<scour vel.

Fry-Fingerling .18-.70m (34) Age 0+ (32mm): 7.3-14.6 optimuw--10.1 Age 0+: Rubble (10-30cm)
Age 0+:< .15m (9) -<.5 Upper lethal=24.1 (H) Age 1+: Rubble (10-30cm)
Age 1+: .60-.75m (9) Age 1+: 2-1.6 (28)
A (9,34) 1 L

Annette Island - 1981 Tamgas Hatchery Brood Stock Statistics

to each species. One researcher stated that, in general, optimal
gravel composition for salmon is 80% 1.3-3.8cm gravels with
the balance being material up to 10.2cm,(28). Cover ability (produced
by overhanging vegetatio4 LOD submerged and above water, under-
cut banks, and pools) can be essential to fish waiting to spawn
and nearness of cover may be a factor in spawning site selection
(28). Stream flow is important during spawning as salmon not
only prefer and choose water depths and velocities that are
physically suited for redd building activity and that are affected
by stream flow (28), but also because stream flow strongly
influences the magnitude of the spawning area available. There
is an optimum flow range for each creek maximizing spawning
area (14). For major creeks, this stream flow - spawning area
relationship can be established by measuring usable widths
(remembering acceptable velocities) as a function of stream
flow (34). Thompson (34) found that, in general, the optimum
flow for spawning was 1.67 times that of the minimum flow,
in creeks with gravel bars and uniform sections of spawning
area (minimum flows were established for each creek based on
presence of minimum depth and size of the gravel bars). Gallagher
(8) found that 90 % of the variation in the even -year return
of chum salmon and 10% of the variation in the pink salmon
run was explained by variations in stream flows from September 15
November 14 in the Puget Sound region of Washington.

Different salmon species utilize different sections of the
creek, with pinks generally using lower creek stretches and
chum and coho using upper reaches (12). only pink and chum
utilize intertidal spawning areas. Many salmonids prefer spawning
in pool-riffle interchanges as a downwelling current is created
there that penetrates gravel (good for incubation) and that
may assist the fish in maintaining its position with a minimum
of effort (28). Average redd areas (size of area salmon need
to cover eggs laid) and area recommended for each spawning
pair by species have been defined by various individuals (see
Table 1).

Among the biological factors occuring during spawning that
affect production is fecundity. Table 1 lists fecundity ranges
found with the various species as well as fecundities observed
in 1981 in returning Annette Island salmon (1981 Tamgas Creek
Hatchery Egg Take Statistics). Sex ratios found were generally
50 :50 and seemed to have a minor affect on production (12,37,20,28)
Unsuitable stream conditions, such as low flow, can not only
cause stress and increasing mortality in returning adults,
but can also increase predation if fish are easier to catch.
It is an obvious fact that production is directly related to
the number of spawners, however, inaddition, many researchers
have noted the affect of spawner density on production (compensatory
factor). Wickett (37) states excessive density of spawners
can cause redds from early spawners to be dug up by preceeding
spawners. Miller (14)found that survival rates of resulting
eggs was constant up to a "threshold" spawner density, above
which survival began to drop off. Ricker (30) has also defined
a compensatory, logarithmic, relationship between number of
spawners and recuits, in which recruit production begins to
fall off and even decrease with the number of spawners.

Merrell (13) also observed a spawner density -- fry survival
relationship along with an affect on ocean survival by the
run timing in a S.E. Alaskan creek. Survival of pink and chum
fry was greatest in upper reaches of the stream, which may
have been partially related to increased stream gradient and
spawning area quality, and where spawner densities were lowest;
during years of low spawner densities, the fish tended to use
lower reaches of the creek, where the gradient was lower and
possibly where the spawning area was of a poorer quality (13).
Gallagher (8) also observed a wider distribution of spawners
over the grounds with increasing run densities 1with sufficent
flows, redd super-imposition actually decreased even with the
large runs). In addition, offspring from odd-year run spawners
showed higher survival rates than those from even-year runs
that generally spawned later; the odd-year offspring may be
getting a "head-start" on growth with the warmer spring temperatures
(13). Taylor (33) also observed a run timing effect; early
pink spawners (peaking in late July to August) were smaller
and offspring resulting had lower survival rates than late
spawners (peaking in September). Neave (20) mentions that
not only the size and timing of the run affect survival
spring, but also the "compactness" of the run, there being
negative effects occurring if the salmon all return instantaneous-
ly versus a staggered return. To establish optimal spawner
density, without relating it to changes in spawning area and
quality due to physical factors, one must keep track of fry
and spawner densities over a number of years and try to maintain
the spawner number that results in the highest fry densities;
in many Canadian streams, the actual escapements rarely reached
the optimum spawner number (37). Wickett (37) found a large
variation between creeks in optimal spawner densities which
ranged from .35 up to 1.4 spawner pair/yard2 in three creeks.

Species interaction has been observed to affect production,
Gallagher (8) finding that the magnitude of chum spawners had
a negative effect on the pink runs resulting two years later.
He suggests that odd-even year run phenomona may have resulted
from pink-chum interactions, with an equilibrium between pink
and chum runs having been reached. Pink and chum may have
evolved distinct life history strategies permitting their co-
existence.

Incubation

Gravel quality strongly influences egg-alevin survival, Table
1 summarizing desirable gravel sizes. The potential of spawning
bed material to produce fry is directly related to permeability,
with increasing percentages of fines in gravels (less than
833mm in diameter) decreasing permeability (16,37). Sediments
-from .1-3.3mm were found to have the most disruptive effects
on stream communities. Generally, increasing percentages of
fines are found with decreasing stream gradients (25), however,
logging can increase the amount of fines in gravels due to
siltation (16). LOD formed by logging can also trap fine
sediments and then during periods of flooding, the sediment
can be washed down into lower reaches and the LOD movement
can scour out gravels where eggs are incubating. On the other

hand, LOD from logging can help stabilize a channel and prevent
the scouring effect (logging LOD must be examined individually
in each creek to determine positive and negative affects, (5,32).
Fines in the gravel prevent water flow which in turn prevents
dissolved oxygen (D.O.) from reaching the eggs. Thompson (34)
states that a .8 mg/l intergravel D.O.-is required before the
eggs hatch and .5 mg/l required after hatching to the emergence
of the fry from the gravel. However, Reiser and Bjornn (28)
list higher critical levels for chum at 1.67 mg/1 during the
pre-eyed stage and 3.70 mg/l after the eyed stage. High fall
temperatures (sometimes caused indirectly by logging if no
buffer strip is left) can also cause a decrease in D.O. levels
and low temperatures can, if stream flows are also low, cause
egg freezing in the gravel (10,36,37). Gravel bed depth and
the irregularity of the stream bed surface can also affect
water flow through gravel (28). Adequate stream flow both
carrying oxygen to the eggs and alevin and preventing eggs
from freezing during periods of low temperature, is essential
to early life survival. Many researchers have shown, however,
the detrimental scouring effect too much stream flow or flooding
can result in, causing heavy egg mortality (8,10,14,15,36,37).
Wickett (37) recorded an 8-fold variation in stock resulting
from an area due to gravel scouring and overriding all other
factors affecting run size; also a scoured creek does not regain
its former stock as quickly as a creek not affected by flooding
because some permanent habitat damange has occurred. Gallagher
(8) found that deviation from the lowest stream flows in the
Puget Sound region had a negative affect on chum returns (causing
10% of the variation during even-year runs) and high January
precipitations had a negative effect on pink returns (causing
65% of the variation in run size). Fringe areas that were
covered by high flows during spawning are often left to desicca-
tion and freezing during the winter low flows (12); since rain-
fall is often lower in January in southeast Alaska, loss of
fringe area is probably a common occurrence on Annette Island.
Thompson (34) found that optimum incubation stream flows were
approximately equal to minimum spawning stream flows established,
and successful incubation and fry emergence occured at 2/3
of the required flow for spawning.

Density of eggs in the gravel can profoundly affect survival.
Hunter (12) found that numbers of fry emerging gradually falls
off to a maximum with increasing numbers of pink and chum eggs
deposited and that similarly, percentage of eggs surviving
to fry decreases with increasing numbers of eggs deposited.
Wickett (37) obtained similar results stating that stream velocity
and temperature is what limits the density of eggs that will
maximize survival. Predation of eggs in the gravel occurs,
but is not covered well in the literature; the magnitude or
extent of the predation and its resultant affect on production
is not known.

Juvenile Rearing and the Freshwater Environment

Defining acceptable'and preferred habitat and stream size for juvenile
salmon is much more complicated than for any other phase in a salmon's
life history, because not only are habitat preferences different
between species, but the habitat itself is hard to define. In general,
the lower the channel elevation, the higher the fish biomass found
(25). Pink and chum fry generally depart for the estuary soon after
emerging from the gravel, and freshwater habitat requirements for them
are not well defined; however, chum fry generally do spend a longer
period of time in freshwater and migrate out at a larger relative
size than do pinks (8,12). Canadian researchers found that pink and
chum fry outmigrations generally peak between mid-April to mid-May (12).
Because pink and chum migrate out at such an early stage in their
life, early marine environmental factors versus freshwater factors
are what affect resulting production most profoundly. Morrill (18)
stated that indeed, marine survey indices of chum fry abundance were a
much more accurate base for production prediction, than were pre-
emergent fry indices. The early marine environment will be covered
later.

oho, sockeye, steelhead, Dolly Varden, and cutthroat remain in the
freshwater habitat for at least one growing season and are therefore
C

much more affected by freshwater production factors (physical and bio-
logical). In general, coho fry prefer pools and backwater areas and
generally spend one year in freshwater, steelhead (spending two years
in freshwater) and trout prefer riffles, and Dolly Varden prefer
similar habitat to coho, but are much less aggressive (10,28);
therefore, species composition and production is strongly affected
by quantity of each habitat type. With coho production, pool abun-
dance is extremely important and Platts (25) found that the highest
abundance of fish occurred in streams with 30-50% of the area in pools
(versus riffles). one study showed that in an artificial stream,
when cover was quadrupled and number of pools tripled, the fish
biomass tripled (10). on the other hand, it has been shown that
creeks with lower pool-riffle (p:r) ratios may be more conducive to
increase fish productivity in areas where the water is infertile (25),
probably a more important consideration where management will be
aimed at steelhead, chinook salmon, or trout.

Streamflow has a profound affect on the amount of habitat available
and can change the p:r ratio. Many researchers have found strong
correlations between streamflow and coho production in Washington and
Oregon (10,31). Unfortunately, the flow requirements are least known
for salmon in the fry-emergence to adult period even though during the
rearing, flow is probably the most critical factor determing survival
because of its interactive affect on many other physical and biological
factors (34). However, Thompson (34) has recommended guidelines for
ptimal rearing flows: he suggests adequate depths over riffles, a
p:r near 50:50, with 60% of the riffle area being covered by flow,
0

riffle velocities of 1-1.5 fps and pool velocities of .3-.8 fps, and
with most of the stream cover being available as a shelter for young
fish. Giger (9) recommends an optimum rearing flow at which increases
in wetted perimeter of the stream with streamflow begin to fall off and
amountof shelter available per stream mile is maximized; he stresses

the interaction of stream flow to other factors affecting pro-
duction lists acceptable stream depths and velocities for various
species (see Table 1).

Amount of available cover can be a critical factor (sometimes a
determining factor - 21) affecting fish biomass and changes
in stream flow can change the amount of cover considerably
(28). Cover is created by overhanging stream-side vegetation
and root wads, undercut banks, pools, LOD and other obstructions.
A lowered stream flow can "pull" water away from the banks,
decreasing the amount of stream-side cover available and uncover-
ing some of the submerged cover available(9). A decrease
in the amount of stream-side cover can also indirectly decrease
food availability if salmon are depending on food from terrestrial
sources, as many insects available "drop" into the stream
from overhanging riparian vegetation (28). Large variations
in flow causing stream flashiness can also be detrimental
to production (as with incubating eggs) by "washing out" or
destroying cover. Logging can also affect the amount of cover
available in the stream; blowdown and LOD created by logging
can initially increase the amount of cover available, but
if no buffer strip is left and the LOD washes out, a resulting
decrease in cover and increase in stream riffle area will
occur (4). A buffer strip allows a future source of LOD and
stabilizes the streambank, having a net positive affect on
available cover and rearing habitat (5,32). On the other
hand, it was found that in small second or third order Cascade
Range streams, logging that left sections of stream open,
with no buffer strip increased stream primary productivity
and insect productivity resulting in increased fish biomass;
however, this was not the case for larger, lower gradient
streams (19).

Food availability is a primary factor determining the stream
production potential and may regulate fry density and distribution
(28). Water quality, depth, velocity, and substrate composition
all profoundly affect food abundance. Even stream size affects
biological productivity, wider streams being less productive
per unit area than narrower ones, depending primarily on water
depth and velocity (9). Primary productivity is the base
of the food chain in swift water areas and detritus forms
the base in depositional areas, both affecting the numbers
of aquatic invertebrates present. Riffle areas were found
to be the most productive in terms of aquatic insects, which
move and become "drift" (especially at night - 9), and food
for salmonids. Therefore, stream velocities can affect the
amounts of "drift" available with low velocities reducing
drift; in general, Giger (9) states that stream velocities
under 15 fps and over 3 fps (the optimum occuring at 1-2 fps,
1.4-3.5 fps according to Reiser and Bjornn, 28) have a detri-
mental affect on drift abundance. Water depth must be adequate
for insect production, with highest productivities reported
between .15-.9m (28), the optimum range being .46-.91m (28).

Substrate composition regulates benthic insect distribution,
the highest productivity occuring with rubble (6.6-17.8cm
in diameter) and a general decrease in the number of insects
in the progression rubble-bedrock-gravel-sand (9,28); predominately
coarse gravel (3.2-7.6cm) and rubble (7.6-30.4cm) areas generally
produce the most number of insects. Salmon utilize mayflies
(Ephemeroptera) and stoneflies (Plecoptera) more heavily than
caddis-flies (Trichoptera) (28) and if low numbers of aquatic
insects occur, salmon will switch to depending mainly on terrestrial
sources for food. Nickelson and Hafele (21) found that a
75% flow reduction decreased aquatic insect numbers and drift;
however, salmon food type simply shifted to terrestrial and
adult aquatic insects.

Water quality also influences food availability, as well as
directly influencing juvenile salmonid growth and survival.
Low pH and a lack of Calcium (associated with low water hardness)
can be a cause of low stream productivity, a neutral pHand
hardwater being desirable (10,28). Low pH and low water hardness
often occurs in Annette Island streams and may be limiting
factors in production. Water temperatures influence fry growth
rates (warmer temperatures increase metabolic rates), swimming
ability, dissolved oxygen concentrations (above 15C, D.O.
regulates the active metabolism rate of young sockeye) ability
to capture and use food (in -hiqher temperatures, stream salmanids require
more food) and ability to withstand disease outbreaks (28).
Table 1 lists preferred temperature ranges and optimal temperatures
(maximizing growth under other optimal conditions) and lethal
temperatures; with warmer temperatures versus those on the
lower end, having the most deliterious affects on survival.
Dissolved oxygen concentration is important to growth, with
amount of food consumed, weight gain rate and food conversion
falling off below about 3.5 mg/lD.O. with coho (age 0+) (28)
High turbidities (levels of suspended solids) can abrade and
clog fish gills, reduce feeding and cause fish to avoid some
areas (28); therefore, during flooding, streams with a high
amount of deposited silt and mud can be undesirable to juvenile
salmonids. High turbidities are generally not a problem on
Annette Island. Pollution and siltation from logging often
negatively affects juvenile salmon growth and survival.

Density dependent factors also come into play in stream fry
production potentials. Coho fry are very aggressive and ter-
ritorial and will defend a rearing "space" or "focal point"
to which they will repeatedly return ferociously (28). In
contrast to pink and chum, whose production is largely determined
by available spawning area and gravel quality, coho production
is often limited by the total amount of rearing space available
in a stream. High densities often result in a decrease in
the average size of the fish migrating out, for all species,
which could be the result of competition for limited amounts
of food and having to rear in a non-preferable microhabitat
(9). Increases in flow can increase rearing space available
and indirectly cause visual isolation (important to coho)
which in turn increases the stream's production potential (9).

Table 1 lists densities of salmon eggs and fry observed and
gives an idea of what a creek can produce knowing area available.
Predation can also affect fry survival, but has a more pro-
found affect on production during smolt migration and in the
estuary.

In general, good rearing habitat for anadromous salmonids
consists of a mixture of pools and riffles (riffles less than
20%) adequate coverwater temperatures averaging between 10
and 15C during the summer, dissolved oxygen at near saturation
levels, suspended solids less than 25 mg/l, and riffles with
less than 20% fine sediment (less than 6.4mm in diameter)
(28). Many of Annette Islands streams possess most of these
characteristics. It has been shown that variation in fresh-
water conditions are the dominating factors controlling the
general population level and stock size; ocean factors impose
some additional variation but only affect production after
the general population level has been set by freshwater factors
(27). Freshwater physical factors are much more variable
than ocean physical factors (20). In modelling stream production
it is recommended that a habitat rating system be devised
that utilizes multiple regressions and takes into account
factor interaction and the percentage of variable caused by
each factor (10). Gallagher (8) and Nickelson and Hafele
(21) have constructed such models.

Smolt Migration and the Early Marine Life

Several physical and biological factors that affect produc-
tion occur during the downstream migration of smolt. Temperature
not only affects creek productivity, but it also affects the
timing of smolt migration. Foerster (7) found that sockeye
smolt migration commencement coincides with a vernal rise
in lake temperature, in the spring the threshold occurring
at about 4.4C,and that migration ceases once a summer thermo-
cline has formed (at below 10C); those smolt that did not
migrate before the water stratification occurred, stayed and
migrated the next spring. Also, bright, calm days accelerated
migration and rain and overcast slowed it (7). Run timing
itself has an affect on survival. Taylor (33) found that
early migrating pink hatchery fry (departing between February
27th and March 19th) showed lowered ocean survival than hatchery
fry migrating later (april 10th-April 22nd); however, the
early fry were smaller which in itself may have affected the
differential survival. Wild Alaskan pink fry were found to
migrate from early March, peaking in mid-April, to mid-May
from the Taku River (east of Juneau, Alaska). Chum fry migration
peaked in early May, coho and sockeye smolt migration peaked
in may and June (6). Increased stream flows have been correlated
to peaks in juvenile migration; increased flow and turbidities
may assist juveniles in swimming downstream and avoiding predators
(6). Juvenile mortality increases with the distance the young
fish must travel to getto saltwater and decreases with increasing
numbers of migrants exiting (20), a depensatory process
possibly related to predation. Size at migration has been
shown to affect survival, in general, larger fry and smolt
experience increased ocean survival (6,26); in addition, larger

coho smolt seem to migrate out earlier than smaller ones (6),
which may also affect production. Sockeye smolts migrating
(yearlings) varied from 8-20cm in length (6), and averaged
10cm long in another study (11); chinook and coho smolts varied
from 15-27 cm when migrating. Increasing the rearing time
for chum resulted in the release of larger fry, can also
increase ocean survival (6). Size at time of migration may
be related to predation, which has been recorded as being
an important factor in decreasing fry output (12). Neave
(20) recorded a predation efficiency that ranged from 5-8.6%
of the migrating pink fry in British Columbia streams; predator
efficiency decreased with increasing numbers of migrating
fry (exhibiting the depensatory effect). Sculpins were found
to be efficient predators of pink and chum fry, consuming
15 fry a day; coho smolts were even more efficient, consuming
20 fry per day (12). Sculpins are commonly found at Annette
Island creek mouths and predation mortality should be considered
in any production model.

Ocean survival is largely determined by survival rates in the
estuary and early marine life of salmon (26). The summer
sea water temperature was found to be inversely correlated
with total subsequent pink salmon abundance, lower temperatures
enhancing numbers (36). Gallagher (36) found that pinks were
enhanced by cooler sea surface temperature whereas warmer
sea water temperatures enhanced chum and salinity was found
to be directly related to chum brood returns, increasing salinities
in Puget Sound having a positive affect on chum fry survival
(this salinity affect occurs with both pink and chum fry -
36,37). Late summer rainfalls enhance pink and chum stocks
(37). Increased winter precipitation also had a positive
affect on chum brood in Puget Sound (8). Upwelling can profoundly
influence growth and survival of juvenile salmonids by affecting
plankton blooms, the food source (6). Upwelling effects decrease
as you go offshore and this is consistent with the fact that
the most abundant and diverse micro and macro plankton items
occur in-shore (6) . Pink and chum fry prey in shallow near-shore
waters in Puget Sound, consisted of epibethic (just off the
bottom) prey items with a change to zooplanktivourous items
occurring at the May (8). Pink seemed to prefer invertebrate
eggs as food, whereas chum preferred smaller gammarid amphipods
and harpacticoids, although they do eat alot of the same things.
Coho exhibit a flexibility in choice of food items, both in
freshwater and in saltwater; this explains why it has been
difficult to tie changes in coho abundance with herring population
changes (6). In Alaska, food was not found to be a limiting
factor in production of pink and Bristol Bay sockeye (26).
Peterman (26) demonstrated that predation during the early
marine life was a significant factor affecting survival of
Alaskan pinks and sockeye; parasitism and disease also took
their toll and all these three factors together seem to have
a more significant affect on survival than did competition
and density-dependent factors. In general, it was found that
when pink, chum, sockeye, chinook, and coho fry and smolt
go out to sea, they stay in coastal and inside waters, whereas

steelhead seem to go directly out to sea (11). Pink, chum
and sockeye were found together in the estuary and near the
coast and although coho and chinook were alot fewer in abundance
and were more wide ranging than the others, all five species
remained near the coast for their first summer; no evidence
of food competition among smolts was recorded (11). In contrast
Gallagher (8) found that large numbers of pink fry had a
negative affect on growth of chinook and sockeye smolt and a pro-
profound affect on chum brood returns, partly causing the
odd-even affect on pink and chum runs in Puget Sound. Age
class ratios also varied in odd and even years. Chum return
as 4 or 3 year olds and usually 3 year olds make up only 1/3
of the run (8). Gallagher found that in odd years (corresponding
to strong pink runs), the 3:4 year old ratio is 50:50 (which
would shift alot of chum over to becoming even year spawners)
versus in even years when-it is 35:65. Similarly in B.C.
where strong pink runs occur in even years, the same effect
occurs with a shift to a high percentage of 4 and 5 year old
chum during odd years (weak pink runs) suggesting again, the
presence of an equilibrium between pink and chum runs allowing
their co-existence (8). Peterman (26) did not find a competitive
effect between pink and sockeye fry in Alaska and did compare
survival rates realized. Table 2 summarizes various survival
rates realized in life history phases of Pacific salmon, many
of which include efects on survival during the early marine
life.

Marine Survival and the Ocean Environment

Less is known about factors affecting survival in this phase
of the salmon's life history than in any other phase. As
was stated earlier, freshwater factors and factors affecting
the early marine life of salmon generally determine production
resulting, however, ocean factors are important nevertheless.

Fishing mortality is probably the single most important ocean
factor affecting production. It has been observed that return
rates of salmon realized in Alaska and British Columbia are
generally higher than those realized in Washington and Oregon;
this may have to do with the fact that Washington and Oregon
smolts more north and may migrate a farther distance in coastal
areas during their ocean lives than do Alaskan smolts (11).
This increased distance may subject them to more inshore and
offshore fisheries and inshore predators, having to traverse
Canadian and Alaskan waters. Therefore, ocean survivals realized
in Washington, Oregon and Southern B.C. may not be representative
of rates realized in Southeast Alaska. It has been noted
that pink and sockeye smolts, as well as adults sometimes
migrate together (22), however, competition has not been demonstrated.
Compensatory responses to fishing pressure does occur, but
it mainly occurs in the freshwater environment. Pinks have
generally higher fishing mortalities than do chum, chum fishing
mortalitywas recorded to vary from 47-82% (20). Neave
(20) stresses the fact that increased fishing pressure can
only be compensated for with increased freshwater survival,

TABLE 2. REALIZED SURVIVAL RATES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ALASKA

FRESHWATER SURVIVAL

Egg-Emergent Fry*: Pink 10% - Average for 5 Alaska and B.C. creeks (17)
5-20% - B.C. (26)
.88-16.47%, B.C. creek averages (12)

Chum .99-19.41% - B.C. creek averages (12)

Pink and
Chum Combined: 1-22.8%, average 9.6% - S.E. Alaska (13)
1.16%, S.E. Alaska average (20)
5-13.2% B.C. average (20)
Egg Lost - 8-98% mortality, of remainder,
Egg-Kingerling (Migrating) - 5.7-31.1% survival in B.C. (12)
Pink and Chum .08-15.09% B.C. (20)
5-20%, actual measured 11% - B.C. (3)

Fry-Smolt: Sockeye 21-70% in B.C. (26)

Generally. chum, coho, sockeye and steelhead utilize better overall quality gravel
than pinks and may experience higher average survival rates (especially within a creek).

MARINE SURVIVAL

Fry-Returning Adult:
Pinks 2-9% - B.C. (26)
.7-5.27;- B.C. (12)
2-22%, average 3.4% - For 5 Alaska and B.C. creeks (17)
11% (95% exploitation rate) - B.C. (27)

Chum .85-2.6% - B.C. (12)

Pink and
Chum Combined .29-6.75% - B.C. (12)
.5-3.5%, average 2% - Alaska Fish and Game Statistic (1)

Sockeye: .5-4.1% - B.C. (26)
.5-2.5%, average 1.5% - Alaska Fish and Game Statistic (1)
Smolt-Returning Adult Coho 6-16%, average 10% - Alaska Fish and Game Statistic (1)

Sockeye (Age 1+) 2-87% - Bristol Bay, Alaska (26)

Sockeye (Age 2+) 4-70% - Bristol Bay, Alaska (26)
Sockeye 2-10% - B.C. (26)

Pink Salmon

Marine Survival Estimation

Model (17):
Sm = E xRSf
R = Return per spawner, average 3.06 for Alaska
E = Fecundity 2
Sf= Freshwater survival
Sm7- Marine survival

and using an assumed ocean mortality of 5%, he predicted required
freshwater survivals to maintain stocks given different fishing
mortalities: at little to no fishing pressure, freshwater
survival could fall below 10%, however, with fishing mortalities
at 80 and 90%, freshwater survival had to be 12 and 23% respectively.
McNeil (17) has devised a simple model to estimate pink salmon
marine survival rates;

R
Sm E x Sf where

R = Return per spawner (averaging 3.06 in Alaska)
E = Fecundity 2 (since it takes two spawners)
Sf = Freshwater survival M
Sm = Marine survival M

This model could be applied to Annette Island pink salmon
stocks as well. McNeil (17) stresses that natural populations
of salmonids are more severely affected by increased fishing
pressure since freshwater survival cannot be manipulated as
it can with hatchery reared fish. Wright (38) recommends
maintaining natural runs of coho stocks on a sustained yield
basis with average catch:escapement ratios of 3:1 (overall
fishing rate of 75%); hatchery stocks can withstand 19:1 ratios
(overall fishing rates of 95%) due to the increased egg to
smolt survival. Ricker (29) made an observation that has
to do with ocean growth versus survival (that has been stressed
so far). He observed that the average instantaneous rate
of growth per month in the final year is .28 for pinks and
.12 for chum and that early-opening fisheries do not allow
fish caught to grow to potential; therefore, the yield-in weight
is lower for early fisheries than for later ones. The overall
average ocean mortality for salmon over 30cm long was found
to be .2 per month (29). many of the other causes of changes
in production due to ocean factors are unknown; however, at
this point, a model using average ocean survivals found on
Annette Island or adjacent areas should be sufficient for
predicting production given an estimate of the outmigrating
fry or smolts present.

Summary of Production
Potentials & Conclusions

Utilizing some of the survival rates and production statistics
listed in Tables 1 and 2, a simple production model was constructed.
Table 3 outlines the statistics and model used to calculate potential
production statistics. Fecudities listed are those estimated
from salmon returning to Annette Island in 1981 (to the Tamgas
Creek Hatchery) and survival rates are those that are used by
the state of Alaska in their estimates and include survival realized
here in Southeast Alaska. The marine survival rates used are
quite conservative and in reality, ocean survival rates often
surpass those listed. As a result production p9tentidl- estimates
are conservative and production can in reality far exceed (doubling
and tripling in some cases) the potential as well as fall below
when underescapement occurs. Tables 4 and 5 summarize the recommended
escapements and potential productions estimated for all the creeks
currently producing salmon or with potential production abilities
without any enhancement. It should be emphasized that often,
when historical escapement counts were listed and when much of
the available spawning area available was of marginal*quality,
recommended escapements listed were not strictly calculated by
the equation given in Table 3, but were adjusted considering the
additional information available. Also, spawning areas were split
up into areas utilized only by pinks and chum (e.g. intertidal
areas) and those utilized only by coho and sockeye (e.g. upper
lake tributaries), as well as areas pinks, chum and coho utilize.
In general, coho as well as chum tend to spawn father up the creek,
in larger and generally better quality gravels than do pinks;
sockeye utilize only those tributaries that empty into an alpine
lake. Therefore, production potentials were often not uniformly
calculated (except that similar rates were used in the estimates)
and individual stream characteristics, geometry and historical
escapement data were employed to hopefully increase the'accuracy
of the estimates.

Water quality factors were not generally considered in the estimates
calculated, except those that excluded salmon production entirely.
Comments were made in the individual stream survey forms and in
general, low pH (usually resulting from high tannic acid concentra-
tions)and low water hardness were water quality factors found that
could have a limiting affect on production, affecting only coho
and sockeye fry that have freshwater rearing periods. Pollution
was not found, except in Sawmill Creek, to be a limiting factor.

The other physical factors that probably affect production most
profoundly in Annette Island streams are poor gravel quality and
streamflow flashiness. Moderate to heavy gravel compaction due
to fines mixed in the gravel is quite common, especially in low
gradient streams draining muskeg, and can cause heavy mortality
of incubating salmon eggs. In streams with a highly variable
streamflow, especially those draining steep slopes, gravel scouring
and changes in the gravel areas submerged probably reduces survival

TABLE 3. PRODUCTION STATISTICS AND MODEL

Recommended Redd Fecundities (Average Number
Areas per Spawning Pair (28) of Eggs Per Female)
Pink .6m2 1500
Chum 9.2m2 2 500
Coho 11.7m2 2850
Sockeye 6.7m 2 2400

I.. Spawning area available (estimate) -!.- recommended area per
spawning pair = recommended escapement of spawning pairs.

II. A. Recommended spawning pairs (= number of females) X fecundity
X egg loss rate (1%) = potential number of eggs buried in
in the gravel.

B. Potential number of eggs buried X survival rate (egg to
emergent fry) =.potential number of emerging fry.

Survival rates used in calculations:
Gravel Marginal - I
Quality Poor Fair - Good Excellent

For all
Species: 1.2% (1) 10% 20%

C. Potential number of emerging fry X marine survival rate
(includes fry to smolt survival rate for coho and sockeye)=
potential production

Marine survival rates utilized

2% for pink, chum and coho (1)
1.5% for sockeye (1)

TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED ESCAPEMENTS IN SPAWNING PAIRS

Major Creeks Minor Creeks
Watershed Watershed
STREAM TYPE: Number Pinks Chum Coho Sockeye Number Pinks Chum Coho Sockeye

Type 1. 102-02 600 40 10 300-01 390 25 5
creeks 101-09 1300 85 10 115-01 100 -- --
405-01 830 54 20 202-03 380 25 --
draining 405-02 275 18 10 101-01 75 5 4
muskeg and 405-04 2625 100 45 101-02 50 -- --
405-08 200 6 5 101-03 520 34 4
muskeg ponds 405-09 500 33 5 101-05 32 -- --
or lakes. 306-02 5420 355 -- 101-07 540 35 28
101-08 -- -- 2
202-01 1200 80 5
101-10 142 9 2
101-11 233 -- --
101-13 408
405-03 -- -- 2
405-05 225 15 4
405-06 15 1 --
405-07 188 12 7
404-01 90 6 2
309-02 812

SUBTOTALS: 8 11,750 691 105 19 5400 247 65

Type 2
105-02 -- -- 168 295 1'05-04 170 10 --
Creeks 306-01 375 25 A -- 104-01 90 6
Draining 305-01 12,500 630 25
Alpine Lakes 201-01 27,100 500 20

SUBTOTALS: 4 39,975 1155 231 295 2 260 16

Type 3 107-02 3000 170 -- -- 115-02 -- -- 10
Creeks 107-01 -- 7 10 -- 112-01 325 5 --
105-03 440 770 112-02 60 3 --
draining 402-03 94 -- 111-01 1400 35 12
forested and 311-02 2200 145 10 111-02 -- -- 5
310-01 4300 235 150 109-01 85 -- --
exposed rock 309-01 2670 175 25 108-01 130 8 --
mountain 301-02 2100 137 5 105-01 -- -- 27 47
403-01 400 20 -- --
slopes. 402-02 -- -- 6
308-01 175 -- --
304-01 510 45 10

SUBTOTALS: 8 14,270 869 734 770 12 3085 116 70 47
TOTALS: 20 65,995 27151 1070 1065 33 8745 .379 135 47

Number of
OVERALL TOTAL: Creeks Pinks Chum Coho Sockeye
53 74,740 3094 1 1205

TABLE 5. STREAM PRODUCTION POTENTIAL SUMMARY
(Does not include potential production from stream enhancements.)

Major Creeks Minor Creeks

Watershed Watershed
STREAM TYPE: Number Pinks Chum Coho Sockeye Number Pinks Chum Coho Sockeye

Type 1 102-02 1780 200 56 300-01 1160 124 28
Creeks 101-09 3861 421 56 115-01 36 -- --
405-01 2465 267 113 202-03 135 15 --
draining 405-02 817 89 56 101-01 223 25 23
muskeg, 405-04 7796 495 254 101-02 18 -- --
405-08 594 30 28 101-03 1544 170 23
muskeg ponds 405-09 1500 164 28 101-05 11 -- --
or lakes. 306-02 16,100 1750 -- 101-07 200 21 20
101-08 -- -- 2
202-01 430 50 4
101-10 422 45 11
101-11 83 -- --
101-13 146
405-03 --
405-05 80 10 3
405-06 15 1 --
405-07 560 60 40
404-01 270 30 11
309-02 290 -- --

SUBTOTALS: 8 34,913 3416 591 -- 19 5623 551 176 0

Type 2 105-02 -- -- 1900 2100 105-04 60 50 -- --
Creeks 306-01 1115 125 102 -- 104-01 32 4
draining 305-01 37,125 3120 141
alpine lakes 201-01 80,490 2475 113

SUBTOTALS 4 118,730 5720 2256 2100 2 92 54

Type 3 107-02 8900 840 -- -- 115-02 -- -- 56
Creeks 107-01 -- 35 56 -- 112-01 965 25 --
105-03 2480 2750 112-02 21 2 --
draining 402-03 530 -- 111-01 500 21 40
forested or 311-02 785 86 7 111-02 -- -- 28
310-01 139000 1200 850 109-01 30 -- --
exposed rock 309-01 15,860 1760 280 108-01 3860 40 --
-10 -- -- 152 168
301-01 6240 680 105-01
mountain 403-01 142 12 -- --
slopes. 402-02 -- -- 44
308-01 62 -- --
304-01 182 28 8

SUBTOTALS: 8 44,785 4601 4233 2750 12 5762 128 328 168
TOTALS: 20 198,428 13,737 7080 4850 33 --F11,477 733 504 168

Number of
OVERALL TOTAL: Creeks Pinks Chum Coho Sockeye
53 209,905 1 14,470 7584 5018

of eggs and alevins incubating in the gravel. Wherever applicable,
if either of these factors occurred, the lowest freshwater survival
rate (1.2%) was utilized in calculating the estimate.

In a few cases, namely the creeks along the eastern border of
and emptying into Tamgas Harbor, man-made obstructions may limit
production. The B.I.A. road was constructed with culverts, but
often these culverts looked to be impassable and the slash and
debris in the creek resulting from the construction strongly affected
and changed the stream channel. Two creeks surveyed and one unsurveyed
were affected by this construction (see the individual stream
survey forms) ..

Most of the streams surveyed did possess physical characteristcs
falling into the preferred or acceptable ranges listed in Table
1. Temperature, LOD present, water depths and velocities were
found to be generally acceptable for salmon production except
for the problem factors listed above; characteristics that affect
production are stressed within the individual stream survey forms.

As outlined in the introduction, Annette Islands' creeks generally
fall into one of three types: muskeg drainage, alpine lake drainage,
and mountain slope drainage. Tables 4 and 5 split the streams
into these types and watershed numbers are listed for identification
of individual streams. Only 53 creeks of the 77 surveyed currently
have salmon producing potential., of these, 51% were found to drain
muskeg (type 1), 11% drain alpine lakes (type 2) and 38% drain
mountain slopes (type 3). However, type 1 creeks only potentially
produce 19% of the salmon returning to Annette Island. Type 2
creeks produce 54.5% of the salmon and type 3 creeks, some of
which drain into alpine lake systems (conducive to salmon rearing
and smolt survival), produce 26.5% of the salmon potential production.
These mountain drainage streams also produce 60% and 59% of the
potential production of coho and sockeye respectively. Alpine
drainage lakes, such as Nadzaheen, South Crab Bay Creek and Kwain
Creek , potentially produce the bulk of the pink and chum salmon
(57% and 40% respectively). Creeks were also split in major or
minor streams based on their quality of spawning and rearing area
and potential production; 38% of the creeks are considered major
creeks and yet these potentially produce 95% of Annette Island�1
salmon resource. In constrast the minor creeks (62% of the total)
potentially produce only 5% of the salmon (see Table 6).
Tables 4 and 5 do not include creeks surveyed that possess salmon
producing potential, but that currently do not, due to barriers
preventing migration. Many of these streams have suitable
spawning and often excellent rearing areas, but unless enhanced
by the construction of a fish passage device, they will not produce
anything but trout and Dolly Varden. Kwain Creek, the Triangle
Lake System (including tributaries) and the Todd Lake System (includ-
ing tributaries) currently possess the greatest potential salmon
production with enhancement. See individual stream survey forms
for estimates of potential production, that could occur if fish
passages wereconstructed, based on the model give in Table 3.

TABLE 6. POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF SALMON ACCORDING TO STREAM SIZE

AND TYPE IN PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL

Of Total Malor Minor vpe 1 Tvpe 2 Tvpe 3
Creeks With 38% 62% 51% 11% 38%
Potential
Production

Pink 94.5 5.5 19 57 24

Chum 95 5 27 40 33

Coho 93 7 10 30 60

Sockeye 97 3 0 42 58

All Species 95% 5% 19% 54.5% 26.5%

Vinally, it should be emphasized that the estimates calculated
in this study are rough and may not be what is experienced in
reality in terms of salmon production. However, they do give
resource planners a general idea of potential production on
Annette Island. Marine survival rates used refer to survival
expected from the time that fry emerge to the time that adult
salmon return to the Annette Island vicinity. This means that
many salmon produced on Annette Island are caught in other fisheries
and most likely do contribute to the general salmon catch in the
state of Alaska. Therefore, those potential production figures
do not include catch realized by fishermen not fishing in the
vicinty of Annette Island (non-Community members or Community
members fishing in adjacent state waters). The total benefits
the Annette Island fishermen, Annette Island Packing Company,
and other fishermen fishing state waters derive from salmon production
originating on Annette Island are not represented by the potential
production estimates calculated.

A more precise production model can be constructed utilizing much
of the data included in this study. However, it is recommended
that escapement counts, water quality testing, and streamflow
measurements be conducted in as many streams as possible on a
yearly, scheduled basis to increase the data base available for
wise salmon resource management. Many of the streams on Annette
Island have adequate salmon escapements, however, a few face under-
escapement and salmon production could be enhanced with proper
harvest regulations that are enforced (see individual stream survey
forms for identification of those streams).

ividual Stream Surveys
Ind I

INTERPRETATION OF STREAM SURVEY FORMS

To assist in interpretating the Annette Islands Stream Survey Sum-
mary, the following information is provided:

There are two numbering systems used on these forms. Under the
space entitled number are the statistical numbers. These are
devised from the state fishing district numbers (the same system
utilized by A.D.F.G.), the first three digits being the major
district, the second two being the subdistrict number and the
last three being the individual stream number; streams are designated
by determining which subdistrict the creek empties into. The
second number, under the space entitled geocode is the watershed
number referring to the three digit code for each individual water-
shed and a two digit code for individual streams (see page 18
of the Annette Coastal Management Program).

The space entitled stage refers to the particular level of flow
occurring on the date surveyed and flood height refers to how
high above the stage flow the creek flows when flooding (generally
this is at maximum flow).

See the Appendix I for an explanation of some of the units of
measure and terminology used on these forms.

The data included on each form is given only for the section of
the creek surveyed (see section surveyed); therefore, it may not
be representative of the entire creek if a large portion was left
unsurveyed. Also, unless stated otherwise, data given was taken
only on the date listed in the "date surveyed" space. If the
data included was taken on a different day, that date will be
listed next to the data of concern.

Ranges of stream data given (e.g. streamflow and velocity) are
only ones that have been measured or observed; the parameters
could in reality go under or over the ranges given, they simply
were not measured.

Water quality measurement abbreviations include D.O. which means
dissolved oxygen concentration and CO2 means dissolved carbon
dioxide concentration. In general , unless streamflow is sluggish
or the creek has alot of "dead" areas in it, D.O. will most likely
be atsaturation level due to the aeration effect of water flowing
over rocks and dropping over distances through airspace.

Finally, it should be stressed again that measured distances and
areas and estimated spawning areas, escapement recommendations
and production potentials are estimates and should not be taken
as exact parameters. Actual production realized can and does
vary over 100% of the estimates given and the figures are only
meant to give an idea of what the creek can produce potentially
under certain conditions.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Anvil Mountain Creek 101-28-001 112-01
Stream Number Ceocode
Flows N.W., .5 mi long, into
Nichols Pass mountain run-off and springs Steep, imbered Mountain Slopes
Location 375m from High Tide Origin Watershed Type
Possible beach log pile
6/17/81 Mark (HTM) and cascades Moderate flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
2% .5 cfs Moderate .15 .1-.2
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Bedrock channel Stable None_-fork at 375m
Streanbank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
10m above HTM 11. 7 C _I I C Clear None Light Amber _Saturated --
Sample Site Teimp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002

Good water quality.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Overall

Spawning Area
35% gravels, 10% bedrock, 20% cobble, 15% boulders, 10% sand, 10% mud and silt.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
Some - generally high quality gravels.
Gravel Compaction
245M2 in lower section - good for Pink and Chums.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None
Intertidal Spawninq Area

Rearing Area
- Few pools
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Mainly-from overhanging vegetation; some undercut banks
Available Cover
Scarce Mainly terristrial insects.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Algae and moss in areas.
Aquatic Vegetation
Alder and scrubs in forested area - mainly hemlock and spruce.
Terrestrial Vegetation
80% canopy from alders; steep, bedrock banks provide some additionally.
Shacling
Very little rearing area.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by, Fish and Fishermen
Used by Pink and Chum mainly if utilized at all.
Use by Fish
No fishing.
Use by Fisherman

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Check creek during migrationary periods, when flow is high to see if salmon can get over beach log barrier.

Historical E5capamenlIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/17/81 None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, J. Yuska, 6/17/81

Recommended Escapement
Due to limited rearing area, coho probably do not use this creek, therefore, recommendations are made
for pink and chum only. Pink probably use lower reaches and there is sufficnet ground for 325 spawning
pairs. Chum probably utilize the upper reaches and only 5 spawning pairs are recommended for escapement.

Potential Production Summary

Anvil Mountain Creek potentially produces approximately 165 pinks, and 25 chum that will return to Annette
Island vicinity, using an emergent fry survival rate of 10% egg-fry due to the fair to good quality
gravels present.

Figurp-, 2. ANVIL MOUNTAIN CREEK

IV ur-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Nichols Pass e Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
till Cascades or Falls
VM 0
Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools
Alffi Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

loom

I Aorn

tit%

375M

Not In Scale 29

ANVIL MOUNTAIN CREEK Watershed No. 112-01
Stat. No. 101-28-001

Om High Tide Mark (HTM); below HTM a pile of beach logs
create a possible barrier at low flow, low tide.

0-100m Stream looks like a spawning channel; average stream
width (ASW) = 2.0m, with 80% gravels (mixed with some
fine sediment) and 80% shading (alders mainly); no
rearing area.

100-120m Bedrock Cascade; it may be a velocity barrier at high
flow.

120-170m ASW = 1.0, 70% gravels (spawnable).

170-180m Bedrock riffle; moderate gradient.

180-250m ASW lm, 10% spawning gravels.

250-300m ASW lm, 70% spawning gravels.

300-375m ASW 1m, 10% spawning gravels.

Above 375m Stream splits, gradient increases, and tributaries
are too small for use by salmon.

Spawning Area (all in fresh water):
0-100m (below Cascades) 160m2
120-170 35
180-250 7
250-300 35
300-375 7.5
Total 245m2

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Cowboy Creek 101-28-002 112-02
Stream Number Geocode
Flows N.W., about 2 mi. long, into Timbered mountain slopes and muskeg
Nichols Pass. Mountain runn-off, ponds and springs (67.5 acres in area).
Location To 600m, above High Origin Watershed Type
6/17/81 Tide Mark (HTM) Falls at 45m Moderate --
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
2% -- -- -- --
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Rangee
Stable below falls, stable
Mainly bedrock and large boulder / to unstable above, One, stream forks above survey distance.
Stream bank Composition / Stability Tributaries

Water QualitY 8/8/72: 12C 10C 5.8 Clear
Base of falls 11.7C 9 C 5.5 Clear None Light Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. CO2
25.0 ppm 100 ppm Total= 8.56 ppm T.A., T.H., D.S., taken 8/8/72
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Below falls: 40% gravel, 11% rubble, 12% cobble, 12% pebbles, 15% sand, 10% silt. Above falls: 45% bedrock
Overall Strew Bottom Composition Compacted a little below falls, more
and boulders, 15% rubble, 15% cobble, 15% gravel, 5% pebble, 5% sand. above falls.
-- Gravel Compaction

Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
2 2 2
Below barrier, limited - 35m of marginal quality gravels; 25m available above falls, limited - 10m of
mainly boulders and cobble mixed with gravels.

Intertidal Spawning Area

Pools formed by Falls,
Rearing Area rocks bends and LOD,
Above falls, p:r = 1:2 .30m above falls/to 1m Largest is - 30 x 40 feet
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Below falls: Some LOD and one plunge pool; Above Falls: from topography (banks) overhanging vegetation
and LOD
Available Cover
A few (non abundant) salt tolerant glossosmona (trichoptera), ephemeroptera, and diptera

No rooted plants; periphyton on rocks, some filamentous algae, cedar like moss on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Influence of vegetation and woody debris on channel stability limited. Skunk cabbage, currant, chocolate,
lilies, some sedges and grasses, salmonberry and alder timer is mainly cedar, hemlock, and spruce Terrestrial Ve Terrestrial Vegatation
Below faills:35% due to some topography, forest and a little riparian vegatation; above falls; 50-85%
Shading
None below falls except the pool for pink and chum fry. Some potential rearing area for coho above falls
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
only.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, and trout only, could use this creek.
Use by Fish
None except some deer hunters (they use cabin). Little, if any, subsistence fishing
Use by Fishennen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
There is some potential rearing and spawning area above the falls, but the magnitude of production

increase may not justify the cost of a ladder. No other improvements recommended.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

8/8/72 None seen

6/17/81 Chum Fry I Probably a straggler.
Trout Fry 15 Seen above falls not abundant.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs and C. Huntingon, 6/17/81. USFWS surveyed creek on 8/8/72.

Recommended Escapement
Very limited spawning area exists in this creek. Only 60 pink spawning pairs and 3 chum spawning
pairs are recommended for escapement.

Potential Production Summary

Due to poor gravel quality, only a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate is assumed: only 21 pinks, and 2 chums
are expected to return given the recommended escapement numbers.

Figure 3. COWBOY CREEK

Cowboy Co'

lWo

-.41
kvt
W
4, \LP HIM Om
\W \4 90

71(11,

%300WL

q0001

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation till
Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Z11
Cascades or Falls
41K Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam IZI
kil
JI'L
Large Organic Debris(LOD) (0001M

Not In Scale 33

COWBOY CREEK Watershed No. 112-02
Stat. No. 101-28-002

Intertidal Mostly cobble and boulder; only about lOm2 total is
available for spawning.

Om High Tide Mark (HTM); log pile.

45m 3.5m barrier falls over bedrock; large, deep pool
created by it.

45-80m Bedrock

80-125m Gradient decreases, bedrock to 125m with a large
pool formed by LOD and good coho rearing habitat
starting at 125m.

125-215m Good rearing habitat with a few riffles.

300m Tributary with .3 cfs flow over a 10m high barrier
cascade.

325m Alluvial Deposit, may be part of a caved-in bank.

400-600m (End of Survey)

Boulders and bedrock bottom with steep bedrock
banks; increased gradient creating a possible velocity
barrier (moss appears on rocks).

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Nichols Passage Creek 11 101-28-003 111-01
Strem Nunber Geocode
Flows N.W., over 3 mi. long into Timbered mountain slope and muskeg Timbered muskeg flats and moun-
Nichols Pass. -- ---- f 1-4t. run:-off, tain slopes. (280 acres in area.)
T101-1-A L Lan 2700m above High Tide ()"'(On Falls on each fork, Wat--j-0jod Tyl*,
6/17/81 Mark (HTM) 2700m up Low-Moderate flood +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed @rction Surveyed u @Ier@s Stage Flood Height
Less than, equa p to
to 2' 3-4 cfs 1Z.-Cfa 2 fps _tm to 4.5m .7m t
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. width/Ranqe D-am
Steep of bedrock and heavily Stablized by bedrock Ave. Depth/Range
vegetated dirt banks and veggtation 3 with a stream fork at 2460m
Strewdwik Canposition
Stability les

Water Quality 8/8/72: 10C 12C 6.5 Clear None 11.0 ppm
10m Above HTM 12C 9C Clear None Light Amber
Sanple Site Temp. -Air TeW.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color
25.0 ppm (8/8/72) 70.0 ppm (8/8/72) -- Resistivity = 6734 ohm/cm 3 (8/8/72)
Total Alkalinity Tbtal Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Some foliated bedrock - shales and some clay deposit; bottom is about 60% bedrock, 10% sand and fines,
Overall Strecon Bottom Ccuposition Moderate most gravels are flat and
and about 30% gravels. angular of marginal quality.
Gravel Ccuipaction
Gravel bars present - some areas up to 50% spawning area - 1260m 2 area available, mostly below 1300m and
Spauninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
due to gravel bars.

2
Limited - approximately 40m of marginal quality gravels mixed with cobble and boulders.
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area
Few pools, mostly riffle and runs
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R.Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
From LOD controlled pools, undercut banks, riparian vegetation and root wads.
Available Cover
Scarce - a few are present.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some algae, pennate moss - common on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Devils club, salmonberry, currant and huckleberry - forest is hemlock, spruce and cedar.
Texrestrial Vegetation
80-90% shading, 70% due to vegetation and 10% due to canopy (trees).
ShacUng
Not extensive - some good areas exist around LOD, channel braids (side channels), and undercut banks
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
and pools.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho and cutthroat use Creek.
Use by Fish
Limited use by fishermen - may be some commercial fishing outside cove.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Deer tracks abundant.

Comments and Recommendations
Little could be done to enhance stream.

Historical EscapemenlMsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

8/8/72 None seen

6/17/81 Cutthroat Adult I
4.5 inches

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs and J. Yuska, 6/17/81 and by USFWS, 8/8/72.

Recommended Escapement
12 spawning pairs of coho, 35 spawning pairs of chum, and 1400 spawning pairs of pinks (they probably
all spawn below 900m, due to cascades).

Potential Production Summary
With the poor gravel quality, a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate is assumed. With the recommended escapements,
approximately 500 pinks, 21 chums, and 8 coho could return to Annette Island from this creek.

F' ure 4. NICHOLS PASSAGE CREEK II - Section 1
Nichols. Passage /wv Iur-- Muskeg, Cressy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas
5OWL
Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

tit Riffles
W Spawning Areas
100vn
Pools
Z, Cobble or Boulders
\\ it% W11-
I Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam
:236 rA
5offL Large Organic Debris(LOD)

600W\1

(0 50 nx,
CD
r? OD -,N-

q50W,,

Foo.--

130061\-

U . . . 1150W@-

it
tit
Not In Scale 37

NICHOLS PASSAGE CREEK II Watershed No. 111-01
Stat. No. 101-28-003

_50m End of intertidal spawning area.
50-Om Average Stream Width (ASW) = 4m, Average Stream
Depth (ASD) = 0.7m, with 20% spawning gravels,
50% boulder, 30% large cobble; High Tide Mark (HTM)
at Om.
0-50m 100% bedrock; at 50m, lm high falls (not a barrier).
50-100m 100% bedrock, moderate gradient, ASW =2m, ASD = .22m;
at 100m, 1 m high bedrock cascades.
100-200m 100% bedrock; 1.5m high bedrock cascade.
225m LOD blockage, 7m long pool created by it; ASW = 3m,
ASD = .5m.
235m Gravels in bottom return (20% spawning area).
250-350m Good rearing habitat here, low gradient with LOD and
gravel bars 5m long and 4m wide; bottom composition
is 30% gravels, 10% clay with fines being prevalent,
ASW = 3.5m.
350-375m Bottom composition, 60% small boulders, 30% cobble,
5% bedrock, less than 5% spawning area.
375-450m ASW = 3m, ASD = .15m, bottom is 75% spawning gravels.
450-500m Bedrock and boulders mainly, less than 5% spawning
gravels.
500-650m ASW = 3.2m, ASD = .08m, 50% spawning gravels; deer
tracks numerous here; 4.5 inch cut-throat trout
seen at 600m.

650m Alot of LOD and pools here.
700m Pockets of gravel bars 5m long and 3m wide; however;
gravel is flat and angular (poor quality)..
750m Flood plain widens; creek runs through a gorge
up to this point; alot of rearing habitat here.
800M Side channel.
850m Braids and flashy channels (not a well-defined
channel); ASW = 2.5m, 50% spawning gravels.
500-900m Good rearing habitat, much area is available; at
900m, is a lm falls, ASW = 2m and less than 5%
gravels occur.
975-1050m ASW = 1.5m, increases to 30% gravels.
1050-1075m Rock cascades (not a barrier).
1075-1150m ASW = 2.0m, 70% spawning gravels.
1150-1300m ASW = 1.5m, 50% spawning gravels.
1300-1350m ASW = 1.5m, 20% spawning gravels; at 300m, a small
tributary (.25 cfs flow) enters from muskeg.
Upper half of creek is bordered by old growth timber
with little to no understory.

38 (CONTINUED,
SECOND SECTION)

Figure 5. NICHOLS PASSAGE CREEK II,
ON Section 2
lwovr-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
,it: Overhanging Vegetation
41 J7- Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
dGK Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
16 50,A- Beaver Dam
Large Organic Debris(LOD)

13 00 WL

lepowt-

WL-

Not In Scale 39

NICHOL PASSAGE CREEK II (CONTINUED)

1350m Bedrock riffle

1400m ASW = 1.5m, ASD = .07m, 30% spawning gravels above
1400m, a tributary enters draining muskeg with a
bedrock bottom.

1450m Gravels less than 5% of bottom below 1450m, and 10%
above.

1575m ASW = 1.5m, 50% spawning gravels.

1650-1800m ASW = 1.0m, 50% spawning gravels including some gravel
bars, at 1650m, a .25 cfs tributary enters draining
muskeg over bedrock.

1800-1900m At 1800m, .25 cfs tributary enters; 30% spawning
gravels to 1900m.

1900M ASW = 1.5m, ASD = .06m, less than 5t gravels here.

2000m 1.5m diameter log and additional LOD straddles creek
(not a barrier at higher flow), less than 5% gravels.

2000-2300m Less than 5% to 0% gravels, at 2300m, a gorge begins
(not a barrier)

2450m Stream forks.

2460m North Fork, barrier falls - end of survey.

2450-2700m South Fork, choked with debris and bottom is mud
and silt, no good spawning or rearing habitat here;
at 2700m, debris barrier across creek.

Spawning Area:
Intertidal, -50-Om 40m2 1300-1350m 15m2
Above HTM 235-250m 9 1400-1425m 11
250-350m 105 1500-1575m 11
375-450m 169 1575-1650m 56
500-850m 525 1650-1800m 75
975-1050m 34 1800-1900m 30
1075-1150m 105 1900-2700m <10
1150-1300m 112.5 Total Area Above HTM 1260m 2

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Nichols Passage Creek 1 101-28-004 111-02

stxe&m Nurber Gke"_@
Flows N.W., about 1.2 mi. long, into A small lake, mountain slope run-off Timbered mountain and bedrock
Nichols Pass. __ and sRrings Type
Location 1850m abofe High Tide Origin Possibly at 1075m
6/17/81 Mark (HTM). and 1475m Low flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1-2%, up to 30%
in cascade 6 cfs 1.5 fps 1-2 fps 2.5m .15m
Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqee Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Ave. Gradient Flow
Bedrock and heavily vegetated of gravel deposits
@LtKjt and iLock banks ijidigate- instability, Nonp
Strembank Cariposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
10 Above HIM 11.7C 14C Clear Light Amber
SamDle Site Tmp. -Air T-np.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall

Spawning Area
40% bedrock, 10% boulders, 10% rubble, 10% cobble, 20% gravel, 5% pebble, 5% sand with trace silt.
Overall Stream Bottom Corrposition Relatively clean gravel
Beaches are mostly gravel with some cobble, pebbles, sand and silt. limited compaction.
2 . Gravel Ccnpaction
Some available on gravel bars - approximately 55m area available.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None
Inbartidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area

-7
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range

Available Cover

Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source

Aquatic Vegetation
Devil's club, salmonberry, currant with skunk cabbage and ferns occasionally; timber is hemlock, spruce,
and cedar.
Terrestrial Vegetation
65% from topography and some riparian vegetation.
Shadinq
Good coho rearing habitat of moderate abundance.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Limited production of salmon, coho, and cutthroat use creek and possibly pink and chum if they can
get cver cascades.
Use by Fish
Very little, if any, commercial fishing outside mouth, trap is nearby.
Use by Pishexmen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
In general, the creek has little accessible spawning and rearing area for anadromous salmonids and because

of the channel instability, spawning and rearing area present is questionable; okay for trout.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/17/81 Cutthroat Fry Over 50
50-180mm

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/17/81

Recommended Escapement

Due to the cascades and inaccesibility, pinks and chum probably cannot or do not utilize this creek.
There is only enough gravels for about 5 coho spawning pairs, with a moderate amoun of rearing area
available.

Potential Production Summary
Due to the fair quality gravels, a 10% egg-fry survival rate is assumed and approximately 28 adult
coho could be expected to return to Annette Island from this creek.

Figure 6. NICHOLS PASSAGE CREEK I -1050m-

q00WA- Of
z /,.,,,/w vt-- Muskeg, Cressy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks

(fill
1111 Cascades or Falls
Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam
500 PA-
IL
LArge Organic Debris(LOD)

4@50 W@

-140,Y"
gook
0,,n tfTM

Not In Scale Nichols Passag 43

NICHOLS PASSAGE CREEK I Watershed No. 111-02
Stat. No. 101-28-004

Om High Tide Mark (HTM); creek flows over a 10m long
1.2m passable cascade.
90M 5m Cascade (300 gradient).

140-260m 1.3m Cascade with a .7m deep plunge pool; above
140m, gradient drops and good rearing habitat (alot
of LOD and overhanging vegetation); at 200m is
a large 2m deep pool; at 260m is an 8m long pool
with bedrock walls.

270-280m Cascading channel over bedrock.

300-330m Cascading channel with possible barrier; above
330m, cascades may become a velocity barrier.

425m Gradient drops again to 1-2%.

450m Good coho rearing area, alot of LOD and side channels.

500M Wide gravel bars and flood plain here with undercut banks
and root tangles.

650m Debris jam with gravel above.

750-825m .8m falls at 750 m with bedrock and cascades to 825m.

835m Huge pool averaging 1.5m (2m at deepest point),
4 x 6m in area.

900M Debris jam.

875-1400m Bedrock and boulders with a possible barrier cascade
in a gorge at 1075m.

1400m Small debris jam with gravels piled up behind it.
1410-1450m Behind debris jam is 35m 2 spawning area.

1450-1525m Bedrock and boulders with a 3m high possible barrier
cascade at 1475m.

1525-1650m Gradient lowers to 2%; debris jam and LOD at 1650m.

1725m LOD moderate; undercut banks and root tangles here;
some fines piled behind debris jams - little to
no spawning area.

1850m End of survey; it is unlikely that salmon even
get up here.
Spawning Area: Limited. Approximately 50m 2 is available and is of
marginal quality.
No intertidal area. 44

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Japan Creek 11 101-28-005 109-01
strewn Nurther
Flows S.W. into Japan Bay - .5 mi Geocode Timbered mountain slopes U_
Run -off from Round Mountain (84 acres in area).
'=ion Origin 100 ft barrier falls Watershed Type
6/7/81 150m from estuary at 150m Moderate- +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
3o to 6* in places 3 fps (6/8/72) 2m_/ up to 6m .15m/ up to .20m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range, ta Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Bedrock and boulders - ble, but evidence of-
steep. flashiness (creek increases to 9m wide). None
Stremibank Canpositicn Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 6/8/72: 13.9 c 7.2 C 6.8 Clear None 8.0 ppm
9.5c- 9.OC 6.0 Clear None Light Amber
Sample Site Mamp. -Air Temp.-Water @Ih__ ClUiEty/Turbidity Color D.U.__ C02
Trace (6/8/72) 10/5 ppm (6/8/72) 89.8 ppm (6/8/72) Resistivity = 4810 ohm/cm3 (6/8/72)
Total Alkal!E@ Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/overall

Spawning Area
Mainly boulder, bedrock, and gravels (50% bedrock, 30% cobble and boulder, 20% gravels (poor quality).
Overall Strewn Bottom Composition
Lots of angular gravels.
2 Gravel Ccnipaction
Limited - None from 100-150m (bedrock); less than 50m total available.
Spawning Area Available Abcre High Tide Mark(HTM)

Gravels mixed with too many fines - no spawning area.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Mainly riffle - a couple pools due to LOD and falls.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R. Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Limited - banks are steep (10 ft high average), but some LOD is present.
Available Cover
Moderately abundant - ephemeroptera and Odonata. observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce
Aquatic Vegetation
Sparse - some ferns, salmonberry, currant, and skunk cabbage.
Terrestrial Vegetation
90% - 80% from canopy and 10% from banks and overhanging vegetation.
Shading
None to speak of.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks are known to spawn below falls.
Use by Fish
No known use by fishermen.
Use by Fisherinen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Minor stream - limited production - no improvements recommended.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/7/72 None Seen

6/7/81. None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, J. Yuska, 6/7/81, and USFWS, 6/8/72

Recommended Escapement

Probably only pinks utilize this creek if any salmon utilize it at all, and only 83 spawning pairs
are recommended.

Potential Summary
The gravels are angular, and the creek flashy, therefore, only a 1.2Z egg-fry survival rate is assumed,
Therefore, approximately 30 pinks would return to Annette Island from this creek.

Figure 7. JAPAN CREEK II

0%11- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Forested Areas

- Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
Riffles \ N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars Q

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

J00,VL
k1j

k1l
VI
\X\X

kit

kil
*%

Not In Scale ku 47

JAPAN CREEK II Watershed No. 109-01
Stat. NO. 101-28-005

om Intertidal area is mostly sand and fines mixed with
gravel and pebbles, not usable for spawning.

lom High Tide Mark (HTM), Average Stream Width= 2m,
Average Stream Depth = .15m.

loom Bedrock and boulder to falls, below loom, some
LOD and pools occur.

150m 30m barrier falls.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Japan Creek 1 101-28-006 108-01
Stream Number Geocode
Flows W. in Japan Bay Timbered mountain slopes
about .5_mi long. Mountain runn-off and seepage (39 acres in area).
Location 475m Above High Tide origin Watershed Type
6/7/81 Mark (HTM) Beaver dam and pond at 475m Low flow +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1 5/cts (1.4 cfs 1 fps slow 1.8m
6 8 72) _- to .08m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range

Streambank Canposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 6/8/72: 13.9 C 9.4 C 6.9 Brown Slight Amber
9.5C 9.Oc 5.5 Clear None Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph-- dlTrity/TurbidH@T- Z@;lor TO.- OD2
Trace (6/8/72) 15.0 ppm (6/8/72) Total = 11.0 ppm (6/8/72) Resistivity = 585,122 ohm/cm 3 (6/8/72)
Thtal Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/Overall Alot of organic matter near beaver dams.

Spawning Area
20% bedrock, 20% rubble and boulders, 30% gravels, 30% fine gravels, sand and silt.
Overall Strewn Bottom Ccmposition Some angular shales and fines
mixed with gravel.
Limited to about 39m 2 - marginal quality gravels. Gravel Cxxnpaction
Spawninq Area Available Above Hiqh Tide Mark(HTM)

Limited to about 37.5m 2 _ marginal quality gravels.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Pool in 40% of creek, riffles in 20%. Large pond at 475m is 1.5 x 15m
F@ol/nffle r-requency(P:R.Ratio) Ave. Pgol.Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
der t banks and root wads, pools behind alot of debris jams with LOD (old beaver dams in
upper sec ti.. of logs).
Available Cover
Scarce - diptera
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce - some moss on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Moss, salmonberry, currant, fern, alder - timber is mainly_j@@mlocl@._.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Up to 90% in some areas; 70% average - 60% due to timber, 10% due to riparian vegetation.
Shading
Some coho rearing habitat is available, but is limited due to small size of stream.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen

Pink and chum use creek.
Use by Fish
Deer hunting and some subsistance fishing, low fishing pressure.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Alot of beaver activity.

Comments and Recommendations
The creek has gone through some changes, a couple of beaver dams have been washed out(beavers trappedoutt)

An okay stream for pink and chum; although coho could rear here also limited by size of creek.
No improvements are recommended, since it is a nursery stream and does have some spawning area, logging
could have detrimental affects on stream.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/8/72 Unidentifed Fry Below second beaver dam.
salmonid

8/15/80 Mostly pinks Adults 1500 Aerial count, fish at creek mouth.
with chum

6/7/81 None observed

9/1/81 Pink Adults 100 Aerial count, fish at creek mouth.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, J. Yuska, 6/7/81 and USFWS, 6/8/72

Recommended Escapement

Probably only pink and chum utilize this creek. Recommended escapement is only about 130 pinks spawning
pairs and 8 chum spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Potential production from this creek, assuming a 10% egg-fry survival rate (fair quality gravels),
is 3860 pinks and 40 chum returning to Annette Island.
50

Figure 7. JAPAN CREEK I

IV up-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas \-4
Overhanging Vegetation
Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks U1
Ut
Cascades or Falls III

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders
S&nd or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD) V/

35COL

-HTO

WV-
Japan Bay

Not In Scale 51

JAPAN CREEK I Watershed No. 108-01
Stat. No. 1010-28-006

Om Beginning of a small Estuary, Average Stream Width
(ASW) = 1.5m, Average Stream Depth (ASD) = .08m,
about 50% good spawning gravels (37.5m2 total area).

30m High Tide Mark (HTM), LOD here, few gravels mixed
with boulders to 50m.

50-75m Bedrock Cascade

75-100m At 75m, gravels begin again, tributary centers
at 100m, tributary has ASW = 1.0m, ASD = .05m,
.4 cfs flow - okay coho rearing habitat, except
gradient is moderate to 150m in tributary where
stream is clogged with debris and gradient increases.

75-250m ASW = 1.2m, 10% spawning gravels (21m 2 area)

250-350m Above 250m bottom has alot of fine sand mixed with
gravels, alot of LOD in channel, a lower stream
velocity and gradient with good rearing habitat.

350m Two tributaries come in, main channel flow is reduced
by one-half; stream banks are clay, and there is
a thick alder canopy; gravels here are smaller,
but still usable for spawning - during high flow
more gravel on banks is available.

350-425m Large debris jam blocks fish except during high
flow at 425m, ASW = .8m, ASD = .05m, 10% spawning
gravels (6m2 area).

475m Abandoned beaver dam, a fish barrier - flow is
a trickle and dam is wide, 1.5m high, heavy LOD
influence from 425m.

Spawning Area: Limited. Intertidal area is 37.5m 2. 2
Freshwater area is approximately 39m

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Hidden Creek 101-28-007 107-03
ff
S Nunber Geocode
.r.M.W. into Japan Bay,
.25 mi long Run-off from muskeg and timbered flats. Muskeg and timbered flats.-
Iocation 40rq from High Tide Origin Log and debris Watershed Type
6/7/81 Mark (HTM) blockage at 40m Low Flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1% .5*cfs 1-2 fps lm lm
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Rock and bedrock in beach sand and mud. Unstable None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above HTM 9.5c IOC Clear None Amber
Sample Site TERP.-Air TeM.-Water Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
Some organic matter from muskeg.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Bedrock and boulder mixed with gravels mixed with silt and mud.
Overall Stream Bottom Caq)ositicn Alot of fines in gravel
angular gravel.
Gravel Compaction

None available.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(Rig)-

None available - too many fines.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
No pools - 100% riffle.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Very limited - some under large rocks.
Available Cover
Scarce
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
None

Aquatic Vegetation
Skunk cabbage, grasses and sedges and stunted trees.
Terrestrial Vegetation
50% from overhead canopy.
Shading
None below muskeg ponds.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen

None
Use by Fish
None

Use by Fishiermen

NOTE: Sculpins were only fish seen.
Wildlife Present
None seen

Comments and Recommendations
A muskeg drainage stream not utilized by salmonids.
Survey(s) and Dates Conducted E. Biggs, 6/7/81 53

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/7/81 Sculpins only

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, 6/7/81

Recommende d Escapement

Pinks may try to use this creek, but probably unsuccessfully.

Potential Production Summary

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Japan Creek 111 101-28-008 107-04
Nird:)er Geocode
@MZTN.W. into Sylburn Harbor, .1 mi.
loniz. Muskeg run-off Muskeg and timbered flats
Location 40m Above High Tide Origin watershed Type
6/7/81 Mark (HTM) Muskeg marsh at 40m
Date surveyed section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Less than 1% Less than .5 cfs Slow 1-2m ..lm
Ave. Graidient Flow /Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Heavily vegetated dirt and rock. Relatively unstable None
Strewnbank CMIPositicn Stability Tributaries

Water Quality Clear -- Amber
Swple Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
Muskeg water (low Ph probably).
Total AlkalliiI@ Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/Overall

Spawning Area
in estuary - fine, flaky state, pebbles and mud.
overall Stream Bottcm Carposition
Extreme - no gravels.
Gravel Carpaction
Stray pinks may try to spawn in pebbles, but probably are not successful.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Long estuarine area, but no gravels.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area

Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Stunted overhead trees.

Available Cover
Scarce
Aquatic Invertebrates[Available Food Source
None
Aquatic Vegetation
Skunk cabbage, grasses and sedges, and stunted timber,
Terrestrial Vegetation
50% - due to canopy.
Shading
None in freshwater - good estuarine area for pink and chum fry.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No known use.
Use by Fish
No known use.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Pinks may try to spawn here, but probably unsuccessfully no salmon production.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species size Numburs-Livu Duad collunents

6/7/81 None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/7/81

Recommended Escapement

Pinks may tr y to utilize this creek, but probably unsuccessfully.

Potential Production Summary

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Hemlock Creek - North Fork 101-28-009 107-01
Stream Number C-emode
Fork of Hemlock Creek Same as Hemlock Same as Hemlock
Location Origin Watershed Type
6/5/81 700m from Fork Falls at end (1310m) Moderate
Date �a:@@ed Section -Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
25 cfs (6/23/76) 1 fps 2m .20m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Soil and dirt stabilized by heavy vegetation. Stable None
Streambank Carposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above Fork 11.1 C 11 C 6.8 (6/23/76) clear None Light Amber
SaMDle Site Teirp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
Same as Hemlock.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
15% spawning gravels.
Overall Stream Bottom Carposition
Limited - good gravels.
183m2 area - good quality gravels. Gravel Campaction
Spauning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Not applicable.
Intertidal �@i@ing Area

Rearing Area
A few pools (small) - mostly riffles and runs .75m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R-Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
LOD (some clue to logging) and overhanging riparian vegetation.
Available Cover
Scarce
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce

Aquatic Vegetation
Thick riparian vegetation, salmonberry, devil's club, currant under spruce - hemlock timber.
Terrestrial Vegetation
80-90% due to overhanging vegetation.
Shading
Extensive in fork - good steelhead , trout, and coho spawning and rearing habitat; good cover available.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Coho, trout, pink and chum use it for spawning and rearing.
Use by Fish
None known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
The Fork is where most of the good rearing area available in Hemlock Creek exists. A significant amount
of spawning area exists -also - logging has added LOD and cover, increasing the rearing area in creek
detrimental affects are minimal. 57

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

(See form an Hemlock Main Channel.)

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington. 6/5/81 and USFWS, 6/23/76

Recommended Escapement
Coho and chum probably utilize the north fork and due to the limited coho rearing area, only 10 coho
spawning pairs and 7 chum pairs are recommended for escapement.

Potential Product.ion Summary
Given the above escapements with an assumed 10% egg-fry survival rate, 56 coho and 35 chum can be expected
to return as a result of production from this fork.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Main Channel, 107-02; North Fork,
Hemlock Creek 101-28-009 107-01
Stream nb r GeocodeF
t
Flow S.W. into N. Pt. Chester, Timbered mo.'O a?n run-off orested and logged mountain
=
loniz (Chenango Mountain) terrain, 1225 gcres in area.
Lon to 1310m (above creek Origin Watershed Type
6/5/81 mouth) in North Fork Barrier falls on both forks Moderate +2.5 ft.
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1.5* 35 cfs 20-150 cfs 2.5 fps 7.5m .5 m to 1m
tn@rGEa
nlient,ls, upflow P
Ave. VeloyitX/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
so crge
per end: roc mixed/ Stable - ow r creek
with sails (heavily vegetated) has a flood plain. None - stream forks 610m above mouth.
Streanibank Ctrnposition Stability Tributaries
Water Quality 5/8/72: 11c 5C 7.3 (5/8/72) (5/8/72)
50m Above Mouth 11.9c 11 C (below falls) 5.5 Clear None _ Light Amber 10.0ppm 4.Oppm
Sample Site Tmp. -Air Tenp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
Trace (5/8/72 20.0 ppm (5/8/72) Resistivity 23,584 ohm/cm 3/ There does not seem to
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids 5E@ /Overall any negative effects from logging.

Spawning Area
Main channel - 15% spawnable gravels, 10% boulders, 10% sand, 5% bedrock, 60% cobble, rubble and unspawnable
Overall, Streca Bottan Canposition
gravels. Minimal - high quality gravels
Approximately 300m 2 area - most of which occurs just above the weir. Gravel Ccmpaction
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

2
1650m excellent quality spawning channel.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Some deep pools formed by LOD, mainly riffles and runs. .65m One pool was 60m long.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Much LOD - some due to logging; no undercuts because of rock banks.
Available Cover
Scarce - some intertidally.
Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some algae and moss covered boulders.
Aquatic Veqetation
Grass and sedges intertidally with canopy of hemlock and spruce - thick riparian vegetation begins at 610M.
Terrestrial. Veqctation Intertidal area - 5% due to banks and some canopy; above HTM 60% due to banks,
overhanging vegetation, and canopy.
Shading
Some rearing area exists under and around LOD, otherwise, limited. (Channel is mainly riffles and runs.)
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Chum, coho, pink and cutthroat use creek and possibly steelhead.
Use by Fish
Subsistence fishing (especially when logging camp was operatingl and egg take for hatchery - closed to
Use by Fishermen commercial fishing.

Wildlife Present

Excellent pink and chum spawning areas (they mainly use the lower areas); logging affects have improved
Comments and Recommendations

stream production quality if anytbing, due to increase in LOD - detrimental affects are minimal. Hemlock
is a major salmon producing stream on Annette Island. The lack of coho fry is unsettling, the adults

may have been fished out, so stream should be checked in the fall for presence of coho spawners.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed
Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Coiffisen
9/11/67 Pinks Adults 2200 us Etse5apement Estimate
9/11/67 Chum Adults 200 USWFS Escapement Estimate

5/8/72 None Seen

1974 Pink Adults 5290 USFWS Escapement Estimate

1975 Pink Adults 18,874 USFWS Escapement Estimate

1976 Pink Adults 21,919 USFWS Escapement Estimate

8/15/80 Pink Adults 1000 Weir Count
Chum Adults 20 Weir Count
8/18/80 Pinks mainly Adults 20 Approximately 1% chums; salmon
(mixed with chum) count in creek above and below weir.
9/1/81 Pink Adults 100 outside creek mouth (aerial count)

9/5-10/4-1981 Pinks Adults 2700 (2000 put above Weir) Weir Count
Hatchery egg take
Chums Adults 420 (100 put above Weir) (2000 pinks and 100 chum were
allowed to spawn naturally.
Coho Adults 10

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, J. Yuska, C. Huntington, 6/5/81, and USFWS, 5/8/72

Recommended Escapement
Only pinks and chum utilize the intertidal area, which is extensive, coho probably only utilize the
North Fork (see previous stream form). It is recommended that approximately 3000 pink spawning pairs
and 110 chum spawning pairs be allowed to escape and spawn in this creek.

Potential Production Summary
Approximatley 8900 pinks and 849 chum could be expected to return to Annette Island resulting from
production in this main channel of Hemlock Creek (gravels are good quality so a 10% egg-fry survival
rate is assumed).

Figure 8. HEMLOCK CREEK

00#

:L260

1w ut- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas lo

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Sand or Gravel Bars (91 101K
Cobble or Boulders

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

10
At

63011K-
6,110

41 lot,

410wL
H114 530WL
U1 4400rvv@ 430VYL is 90

V I

OWL-

Not In Scale
61

HEMLOCK CREEK Watershed No. 107-01
(North Fork)
107-02 (Main Channel)
Stat. No. 101-28-009

Om Creek mouth, bottom is boulders and bedrock.

0-410M 20% spawning gravels, Weir at 400m, High Tide Mark
(HTM) at 410m.

410-460m 20% spawning gravels, large log pile at 460m (not
a barrier).

0-460m From Om, Average Stream Width (ASW) = 20m, Average
Stream Depth (ASD)=.25m.

4GO-530m Heavy LOD influence, Average Stream Velocity = .08
fps, ASW = 5m, 10% spawning gravels, evidence of
gravel bars spawnable at high flows. At 480m,
gravel is smaller, but better quality than at 460m.

530-570m ASW = 5.5m, 5% spawning gravels.

570-610m LOD pile with 6m long pool at 570m. ASW = 5.5m,
20% spawning gravels.

610-630m In South Fork, ASW = 5.5m, ASD = .3m, bottom is
large gravels and cobbles with 10% spawning gravels.
Barrier falls at 630m.

610-910m In North Fork, ASW = 2.5-3m, ASD = .15m, with 20%
spawning gravels, rearing habitat is okay, not
excellent - stream is more like a spawning channel.

910-960m Less gravels, some pools and riffles here.

960-1110 ASW = 1.75m, ASD = .25m, many boulders in channels
with 5% spawning gravel. Good rearing habitat
with alot of LOD, pools and riffles. Creek begins
to run through a gorge.

1110-1260m Gorge becomes steeper, stream gradient increases
and stream bottom is filled with moss covered
boulders. No,spawning or rearing area.

1310m Barrier Falls.

Spawning Area:
Intertidal, 0-410m 1650m2 North Fork 610-910m 165m2
Above HTM, 410-460m 200m 910-1110M 18M
460-530m 35m Sub-total 183m 2
530-570m llm
570-610m 44m Total Above HTM 483m2
South Fork 610-Falls 11m
2
Sub-total 300m

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Tain Creek 101-28-010 105-04
Stream Number Geocode Forested mountain drainage,
Flows W. into Pt. Chester, 700m long. Trout Lake 25 acres in area.
IDcation Entire length, 700m Origin Watershed Type
6/6/81 above High Tide Mark (HTM) None Moderate +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
65 cfs 19-130 cfs over 3 fps/down to 1 fps 20r.1 to 4.8m .4m
Av%, Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Ba s are bedrock or fragmented rock with
root matR - no under cuts, Stable. None
Streambank Cariposition Stability Tributaries
Water Quality 6/8/72: 14.4C 8.9C 6.8
8/7/73: 17.8C 16.7C 6.5 (See next page)
Just below lake. 10.6C 12C -- Clear None Amber 8.6-10.0 --
Samr)le Site TeW.-Air TeM.-Water Clarity/Turbidity color D.O. CD2
17.1ppm (6/8/72) 8.Oppm (6/8/72) 6.85ppm (6/8/72) Tannic Acide - 5.6 mg/l (7/19/79) Additional data
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall on next sTe-et.

Spawning Area
Mainly boulders, cobble, rubble and bedrock.
Overall Stream Bottan CcnWsiticn
Minimal
Less than 2% of creek is spawnable; 90m 2 total available at best. Gravel Ccmpaction

Spauning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

At best 100m 2 is available - mainly mixed in with cobble and boulders.
Intertidal Spa%,ning Area

Rearing Area
Pools formed by falls and boulders
they are small and sparse.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Very little - little overhanging vegetation or undercut banks, limited LOD.
Available Cover
Sparse - a few caddisflies, mayflies.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Alot of algal growth on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation

Not much overhanging vegetation - but shrubs and stunted trees are numerous.
Terrestrial Vegetation

Channel relatively open - 10% shading due to canopy.

Limited - probably not utilized by salmonids for rearing.
Shadi ng

Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen

Pinks, chum, coho, sockeye and dolly varden migrate through the creek.
Use by Fish
Heavy subsistence fishing (dipnetting and beach seining) and fly fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Recommend strict regulations regarding subsistence fishing - escapements are much lower than they

could be (for potential area). Salmon probably only use creek for migration to lake.

storical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

9/10/65 Unidentifed Adult 1700 Ball of fish outside mouth of
creek (aerial creek).
8/26/75 Sockeye Adult I In upper creeks.
10/6/75 Sockeye Adult 49 In upper creeks.
7/30-8/15/80 Sockeye Adults 40 In main creek.

6/6/81 None

9/19/81 Sockeye Adults 19 3 In upper creeks.

Additional Water Quality Data:

Flow: 7/19/79 - 2.74 cfs (questionable), 8/21/79 - 7.20 cfs (questionable),
9/21/79 - 129.62 cfs (questionable), 8/7/73 - 19 cfs.
water Temp: 7/19/79 - 19.5C, 8/20/79 - 20.5C 8/21/79 - 19.OC, 9/21/79 14.OC, 8/17/80, 16C
stream, 17C lake.

D.O.: 7/19/79 - 10.0 ppm, 8/20/79 - 8.6 ppm, 9/21/79 - 9.7 ppm.
Conductivity: 7/19/79 16.5 ohm/cm 2, 8/20/79 - 18.0 ohm/cm 2, 9/21/79 32.0 ohm/cm 2

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, J. Yuska, E. Biggs, 6/6/81; USFWS, 6/8/72 and 8/7/73; Pacific Rim Planners, Inc., 7-9/79

Recommended Escapement
Mainly salmonids traverse this creek on their way to Trout Lake tributary creeks, however, they will
not be included on this form (only on the individual tributary forms). Only approximately 170 pink spawning
pairs and 10 chum pairs are recommended for escapement in this creek.

Potential Production Summary

Due to the poor gravel quality intertidally, (1.2% egg-fry survival) probably only approximately 60 pinks
return to Annette Island, however, in the upper reaches that chum utilize, 50 chum could return resulting
from production in this creek (assuming a 10% egg-fry survival).

Figure 9. TAIN CREEK

Trout Lake

Iwo IV r-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

TraZI

------ fiTA

Not In Scale 65

TAIN CREEK Watershed No. 105-04
Stat. No. 101-28-010

Below Om Intertidal area is mostly cobble and boulder, less
than 5% available spawning area; large intertidal
pool below Om.

Om High Tide Mark (HTM), lm Falls, not a barrier.

0-200m Cobble, boulder and bedrock substrate, high velocity
flow.

200-400m Lower gradient, slower flow, Average Stream Depth
(ASD) = .3m (shallower than lower section); riffle
here; however, limited spawning area - gravels
sparse and angular; at 400m, 25 ft. cascade chute
(not a barrier).

400-600m Lower gradient, riffle area, mostly cobble/boulder
bottom, 70m2 spawning area at head of riffle at
600m (only spawning area seen so far).

600-700m Slow flow, low gradient, cobble/boulder bottom,
Trout Lake at 700m.

Spawning Area: Limited

Above HTM 70m

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Lower Trout Lake Creek 101-28-011 105-01
S Nunber C100c0de Forested and lotted mtn.
Flows S.W. into Lower Trout Lake- Run-'off from mountain slopes./draining with granite outcroppings.
about 1.5 mi long.
Location origin Watershed Type2mi7 in area.
6/21/81 110m Cascade barrier at 110m. low flow +2 ft (flashy)
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
27- - 10-12 cfs 3 fps 7m
Ave. Gradient Flow /Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Gravel - dirt and rock, heavily vegetated
with root wads and shrubs. Relatively stable. None
Streambank Composition stability Tributaries

Water Quality
10m Above Mouth 16 c 9 Clear None
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph C arity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Crther/Overall

Spawning Area
Large gravels, cobble rubble.
Overall Stream Bottom CaTiposition Gravels rounded at mouth and become
angular toward falls.
Gravel Compaction
Approximately 315m available spawning area in fair qualities some on a gravel bar - large gravel
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
bar near mouth - not counted (probably not used).

Not Available
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
One pond exists below the falls. Mainly a run
and riffle. lm about 3m diameter
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Limited - some LOD and a side channel with a few undercut banks.
Available Cover

Scarce- none seen.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce - some brown mosses and periphyton near the mouth.
Aquatic Vegetation
A few shrubs (blueberry and huckleberry), mainly cedar and hemlock with a few alder, (fairly open understory).
Terrestrial Vegetation
70% from canopy (not riparian vegetation).
Shading
Limited - a little available inside channel - if fish use the creek to spawn, fry probably
&&.ent and 5iial-ity R Rearing Area
go directly to the lake.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Probably sockeye, coho and trout only use the creek.
Use by Fish
Occasionally hunting (campsite near creek mouth).
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
This is a minor production creek (limited spawning area) with a little area available to sockeye, coho,

and/or cutthroat. No improvements recommended.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, 6/21/81

Recommended Escapement
Recommendations are made for sockeye and cobo only. 47 sockeye spawning pairs and 27 cobo spawning pairs
could utilize this creek, however, due to the difference in timing, coho may disturb sockeye redds.

Potential Product'lon Summary

Given the above escapements and a 10% egg-fry survival rate (good quality gravels present), it is estimated
that 168 sockeye and 152 coho could return to Annette Island resulting from production in this creek.

Figure 10. LOWER TROUT LAKE CREEK

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
tit Cascades or Falls

Riffles
N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

Lower Trout Cr

Not In Scale 69

LOWER TROUT LAKE CREEK Watershed No. 105-01
Stat. No. 101-28-011

At Mouth - Om Large gravel bar, extends into lake, gravels high
quality (rounded), but with fines mixed in.

0-40m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 7m, 50% spawning gravels;
side channel splits off to the west.

40-50m ASW = 5m, 90% spawning gravels.

50-70m ASW = 5m, gravels interspaced with boulders, 10-20%
spawning gravels available during high flow.

70-105 ASW = 5m, gravels between boulders, 10% spawning
gravels, side channel enters at 105m.

105-110m Bedrock and boulder cascade with a barrier falls/
cascade at 110m.

30-105m
(Side Channel)
ASW = 3m from 30-70m, with a low gradient and about
80% available spawning area during high flows
some rearing area, but its limited; above 70m,
ASW = Im, and spawning gravel decreases to 10%
interspaced in boulders.

Spawning Area: 0-40m 140m2
40-50m 45m
50-70m 15m
70-105m 18M
Side Channel 97m
Total Approximately 320m2

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

North Upper Trout Lake Creek 101-28-012 105-02
9tr Number C*K)code
Plowns W. into Upper Trout 19 acre lake, Timbered mountain slope and
Lake, 1.2 mi. long springs and mountain run-off. alpine valley, 2 m12 area.
location Origin Watershed Type
6/21/81 3300m - entire section None Moderate + 2-3 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Variable 1-10% 12 cfs up to 25 cfs Rapid 1 fps -- 8m / 4.5-21m .20m /up to .25m
Ave. Gradient Flow Ray Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Relativel steeygu per banks of mu( and,
rock (2-36 f t h hY _ ... fallen logs. Relatively stable. One tributary enters creek.
Streambank Cmiposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/26/72: 6. 1C 6.1C 6.8 (9/26/72)
12.2C 10C Clear None Amber Trace
Sample Site Tftp.-Air TeM.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
Trace (9/26/72) 9ppm- NaCl (9/26/71) 7.70ppm Free CaC03 (9/26/71) Okay
Total Alka=iij Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Bedrock, boulders, and cobble interspaced with gravel spawning areas (see stream map description); there
Overall Strecan Bottom Composition
would be more spawning area with less cobble and rubble intermixed. Minimal excellent gravels.
Gravel Compaction
Extensive area - probably critical to size of run in Trout Lake - 1972m2 of excellent quality
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
spawning gravels - with only a few "fines"

Not applicable.
Intextidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area Main pools, .9m /up up
Many large pools throughout creek - high p:r side pools .7m /tol.5m 6m diameter/to 120m.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/iFu @qe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Provided mainly by side pools with root wads and cobble bottoms.
Available Cover
Sparse - a few diptera, mayflies, f caddisflies and stoneflies.
Aquatic Invertabrates/Available Food Source
Moss and algae relatively abundant.
Aquatic Vegetation
Riparian vegetation sparse - azaleas, skunk cabbage, currant and alder; timber is spruce, hemlock and cedar.
Terrestrial Vegetation
40% from canopy (forest) and topographic (steep banks).
Shading
Extensive rearing area in both upper lake (origin) and throughout creek. Many coho salmon are produced.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Sockeye, coho and cutthroat utilize creek.
Use by Fish
No known use by sports fishermen or otherwise.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
This is the major creek for spawning sockeye on Annette. It should be strictly protected and escapement

counts should be conducted yearly. No major habitat improvement recommended.

Historical Escapement/Flsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

9/29/71 Sockeye Fry 12 Young of the year = 0+

6/21/81 Coho Fry 300 No sockeye!

9/19/81 Sockeye Adult 19 3 Creek could hold alot more
spawners.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/21/81 and USFWS, 9/29/71 and 9/26/72

Recommended Escapement
Recommendations will be made for sockeye and coho only. 295 sockeye and 168 coho spawning pairs could
utilize this creek successfully.

Potential Product-ion Summary
With the excellent quality spawning gravels present and good water supply, a 20% egg-fry survival rate
is assumed. Potential production given the above escapements would be 2100 sockeye and 1900 coho return-
ing to Annette Island resulting from production in this creek.

Figure NORTH UPPER TROUT LAKE CREEK Section 1

Muskeg, Cressy or Marshy Areas
kIA7_ overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N qq0WL
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam @?(VOWL-

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

+4Dftt-

-300 w-

OWL
Upper Trout

Not In Scale 73

NORTH UPPER TROUT LAKE CREEK Watershed No. 105-02
Stat. No. 101-28-012

0-550m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 12m, Average Stream
Depth (ASD) = .45m, good spawning area, alot
of rearing area available with large, deep side
pools, much LOD and root wads, and large, deep
pools in the channel. Island at 220m, 20 x 125m
pool at 300m, 12 x 45m pool at 440m, 8 x 20m pool
at 510m, and 110m long riffle at 550m.

550-725m Spawning area decreases; at 675m, there is a 2m
high, stepped falls with a 30m diameter, 5m deep
pool below it (not a barrier). At 725m, 2.5m stepped
falls with a deep plunge pool.

0-725m Bottom composition: 5% pebble, 25% rubble, 30%
cobble, 40% gravel.

725-1900m Bottom composition: 5% pebble, 10% gravel, 45%
rubble, 35% cobble, 5% boulder. Good "off channel"
rearing area with some LOD and root wads in side
channels, ASW = 7m, ASD = .30m, gradient is less
than 1% with slow water velocity; main channel
is cobble and rubble with some boulders, with patchy
spawning areas (< 50m2) in side pools ("tailout").
At 850m, a tributary enters that has some spawning
and rearing area, but gravels are angular. LOD
with pool at 860m and channel braiding with abundant
side pools and good rearing habitat begins at 990m.

(CONTINUED,
SECOND SECTION)

Figure 12. NORTH UPPER TROUT LAKE CREEK Section 2

Lotsatrout Lake

ex.

4, vt-- skeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Ovuerhanging Vegetation
Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
,I;, Cascades or Falls
Riffles N
4--L Spawning Areas
Pools
ilk Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Baes
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

.@00011A-

-A(o60vvL- Not In Scale 75

NORTH UPPER TROUT LAKE CREEK (CONTINUED)

1650-1900m Braided channel and slow flow continues. At 1900m
is end of good rearing habitat.

1900-2825m Bottom composition: 5% gravel, 20% cobble, 20%
rubble, 25% boulder, 30% bedrock. Generally a
steep gradient channel with little to no LOD, few
large pools and swift velocity little or no spawning
or rearing area. ASW = 8m, ASD .20m. At 2000m,
relatively steep bedrock channel with passable
cascades, which ends at 2100m. From 2350-2450m,
gently sloping gradient bedrock channel with lots
of moss and algae and at 2825m, the bedrock channel
ends.

2825-3300m Bottom composition: 5% sand, 5% pebble, 75% gravel,
15% cobble. Low gradient (less than 1%) with moderate
amount of LOD and pool formations; good spawning
and rearing area with 2 old redds, at 2875m and
coho fry observed.

3300m Lotsatrout Lake - rearing area for coho fry.

Spawning Area: Total Available 1972m 2
(760m2of which is in upper section)

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

South Upper Trout Lake Creek 101-28-013 105-03
Strearn NuYber Geocode Timbered slopes - alpine
Flows N.W. into Upper Trout Lake Mountain slope run-off and springs valley with granite outcroppings
location origin Watershed Type (2 m12 area)
6/21/81 2200m from creek mouth Barrier falls at 2200m' Low flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1.5o 4.5 cfs i8 cf: 18114141
(9@ /7 1 fps 1.5m / 3-12m .15m
Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Ave. Gradient Flow
Mud and rock with vegetation. Fairly stable - some undercutting. One
Streambank CaTiposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Just Above Mouth 16c 9C 6.8 Clear None None
Sample Site Tenp.-Air TEmp. -Water Fh- Clarity/@@S-idity color D.C. 002
Good
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Alot of good gravels (90% of bottom in areas), but gravels become more and more angular above 800m about
Overall Stream Bottan Carposition
50% gravels, 30% rubble, 10% boulder, 10% sand. Some - angular gravels
Gravel Compaction
Excellent quality spawning area, especially in lower half of creek; 5180M2 available area total.
Spawninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area Pool substrates are mainly cobble and
: 7n a
b Pool jmrj!:l
ru_ble. )I intersp ced throughout, .9.
40 60% riffle .6-1@2m -6m-
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Mainly provided by some LOD in braided channel and influencing the main channel - a little overhanging vegetation.
Available Cover
Moderate density - stonefly, mayfly and caddisfly larvae observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source

JVt@ic Veqetaticn
e uckleberry, salmonberry, azalea, devil's club, terrestrial grasses - timbered areas are hemlock, cedar,
shorepine and alder.
Terrestrial Vegetation
In general, 0-40%; 90% shading in a couple of areas (overhanging vegetation and LOD).
Shading
A fair amount - not as much as North Upper Trout Lake Creek, but still provides alot of coho fry.
Extent and 5u@Fi-t:-y of Rearinq Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Sockeye, coho and cutthroat use the creek.
Use by Fish
No use known by sportmen.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
This is a major spawning area for sockeye - underescapement is obvious - recommend strict fishing

regulations on lower creek to boost production. Coho fry growth may be limited in creek by low water

temperature. 77

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
9/29/71 Sockeye Adult 59 13 (mostly found in first large pool.
Cutthroat Adult - 6 inch I
Sockeye Fingering a few sited

8/l/74 Cutthroat 4-6 inch 6
Coho ' 2-3 inch (fry) 21
Three spine sticklebacks
1.5-3 inch 12
Sculpin Adult a few spotted

1971 Sockeye Adult 72 Escapement Peak Count

1972 Sockeye Adult 66 Escapement Peak Count

1974 Sockeye Adult 125 Escapement Peak Count

6/21/81 Coho Fry 20 More were seen, but uncounted.

9/19/81 None seen (sockeye adults expected).

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/21/81 and USFWS, 9/29/71 and 8/1/74

Recommended Escapement
There is an immense amount of spawning area available in this creek, 770 sockeye spawning pairs and 440
coho spawning pairs could utilize this creek.

Potential Production Summary
Because of the excellent quality gravels, but expected creek flashiness, a 10% egg-fry survival rate
is assumed. Potential production with the above escapements, 2750 sockeye and 2480 coho could return
to Annette Island

Figure 13. SOUTH UPPER TROUT LAKE CREEK Section 1

Upper Trout Lake

I
ur- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
V
Overhanging Vegetation
-10011., @Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
in,

Riffles
25OWL Spawning Areas
Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

qoor&
410wL

50OWL

(V 601-A-

'100rv,

.305owl-
.-ads-

Not In Scale 79

SOUTH UPPER TROUT LAKE CREEK Watershed No. 105-03
Stat. No. 101-28-013

0-50m Upper Trout Lake at Om, Average Stream Width
(ASW) = 10m, Average Stream Depth (ASD) = .45m,
low gradient, low velocity, 90% spawning gravels.

50-150m ASW = 7m, ASD = Am, at 100m stream is 3m wide,
but including gravel bars at high flow, 9m wide;
60% usable gravels and gravel size increases.

150-250m Stream braids, alot of LOD in channel, gravels are
larger, but clean, at 250m moderate amount of
rearing habitat including root wads and backwater
areas (still 60% gravels).

250-300m 60% spawning gravels; at 300m, channel is 3m wide
with 5m gravel bars that are covered at high flows.

300-400m Still 60% gravels; at 350m, LOD forms.falls .5m
high.

400-450m Gravels increase in size, bottom is 30% gravels,
60% cobble, 10% boulder, at 410m is a LOD induced
falls .5m high.

450-500m Braided channel begins at 450m with LOD piles and
good rearing habitat; bottom is 90% gravels, 5%
cobble, 5% boulder; a side channel has 100% gravel
(100m2 total spawning area in it).

500-800m ASW = 6m, with 50% spawning gravels over a low
gradient, at 610m, a tributary with good off-channel
rearing area enters - tributary ASW = 3m, ASD = .08m
with 180m2 of available spawning area during high
flows. At 650m, good off-channel rearing areas,
low gradient, with undercut banks and 40% shading
from Om.

800-900m Braiding occurs at 800m, ASW = 6m with 100% spawning
gravel.

900-1000M ASW = 6m, with 50% spawning gravel.

1000-1100M ASW = 7m, 60% spawning gravel, at 1050m, a moderate
amount of LOD and channel braiding ends at 1100m.

0-1100M Gravels are fairly rounded and clean.

(CONTINUED
SECOND SECTION)
80

Figure 14. SOUTH UPPER TROUT: LAKE CREEK Section 2

jw##v?- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
r Overhanging Vegetation
-Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas
:j500WL_ Pt;ols
tit Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

Not In Scale 81 CVWk_

SOUTH UPPER TROUT LAKE CREEK (CONTINUED)

1100-1200m ASW = 5m, 60% gravels, no more channel braiding..

1200-1300m ASW = 5m, 15% gravels.

1300-1400m ASW = 4m, 10% gravels - size of gravel has increased.

1400-1500m ASW = 3m, stream gradient has increased with the
bottom having less than 5% gravels, being mostly
large cobble, small boulders, and bedrock; very
little rearing habitat here or above 1500m.

1500-2200m Stream increases in gradient; no coho fry up this
far; barrier falls at 2200m.

Spawning Area:

2
0-50m 450m
50-150m 315
150-250m 1080
250-300m 240
350-410m 120
410-450m 360
Side Channel 100
Tributary 180
500-700m 600
700-800m 300
800-900m 600
900-1000M 300:
1000-1100M 420
1100-1200m 300
1200-1300m 75-
1300-1400m 40
Total Area 5480M 2

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Melansin Creek 101-28-014 104-01
Stream Number GeOcOde Forested mountain slopes
Flows W. into Pt. Chester, 800m long Melansin Lake and granite outcroppings.
Location origin watershed Type
6/6/81 800m - entire creek Barrier falls at 200m. Low flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed (9/21/71) E@@iers Stage Flood Height
3.5% 15 cf s /up to 70 cf sl 3 fps / up to 3.5 fps/ 4m / up to 6m .15m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Channel fairly open with rock (vegetated banks)./ Stable
Streambank Composition / Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/21/71: 15.5 C 13.3C 6.5
50m mark -
stream flow station 10.6C 12C -- Clear /None Clear
Sample Site Tmp.-Air Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
Tenp'-"/ 7 1)
17.1 ppm (9/21/71) 5.5 ppm due to CaC0j Good water quality.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Cither/Overall

Spawning Area
Cobble/boulder/bedrock channel.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
Angular gravel.
Gravel Compaction
Less than 1% available spawning area above 4 ft falls at High Tide Mark (HTM),10m 2 total, approximately.
SpawrLing Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

56m2at the most (14m wide, .2m deep average).
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Alot of deep pools.
Pool./Riffle Frequency(P:R.Ratio) Kv--e. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range

Available Cover
Many aquatic dipterans.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce
Aquatic Vegetation
Mainly of stunted cedar and shorepine with a few alders - few shrubs.
Terrestrial Vegetation
15% or less due to canopy and riparian vegetation.
Shading
Poor and limited rearing habitat for coho; marginal to okay for steelhead.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Limited use (if any) by salmonids, pink and chum probably spawn intertidally.
Use by Fish
Not much subsistence or sport fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek has very limited spawning gravels and almost no available rearing (due to falls and cascades
above). Lake is on a base of grandiorite, so lake tributaries probably have little good spawning gravels
not recommended for trout or salmon planting. A minor producer of salmon on Annette Island.

Historical EscapemenlIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
1973 Rainbow Fry 6100 Lake stocked with trout
by USFWS

9/21/71 Pink Adults (4.5 lbs. 53
average)
Chum Adults (10 lbs. 59
average)

6/6/81 None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, J. Yuska, E. Biggs, 6/6/81 and USFWS, 9/21/71

Recommended Escapement

This creek is of marginal value in production at present and only intertidal area is available and usable.
At the most, 90 pink and 6 chum spawning pairs could utilize the area present.

Potential Production Summary
The gravel quality is poor, so a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate is assumed. Potentially, only 32 pinks and
4 chum would be expected to return as a result of production here.

Figure 15. MELANSIN CREEK

Melansin Lak

600rA

I
V1-- skeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
WO MU
overhanging Vegetation ki
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N XI
Spawning Areas

Pools

ty Station
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars water Quali
Beaver Dam
Large organic Debris(LOD) RTM OWL

port Chester
Not In Scale 85

MELANSIN CREEK Watershed No. 104-01
Stat. No. 101-28-014

Intertidal Area to Om
Gravels interspaced with cobble and boulders; less
than 2% spawning area.

Om High Tide Mark (HTM) 2m high stepped falls.

0-50m Bottom mainly large cobble to small boulders with
5% spawning gravels. Streamflow gaging station
at 50m.

50-220m Bedrock/boulder cascades, no spawning area. 25
ft barrier falls at 200m.

220-400m Low gradient area with one side channel; 5% spawning
gravels.

400-800m Mostly bedrock and boulder; too difficult for fry
passage; Melansin Lake at 800m.

Spawning Area: Limited
Approximately 50m 2 is available.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Chester Creek 104-01
Stream Nunber Geocode
Flows W. into Pt. Chester Chester Lake Steep, granite mountain;slope.
Location Origin watershed Type
7-/9/79 base Whole creek is a falls.- --
Date Surveyed section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
7/28/79 6.5 cfs
Ran Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Ave. Gradient Flow ge
-- (Flow Continued 8/20/79 - 5.07 cfs, 9/19/79 33.42 cfs) None
Streanikink Canposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Base of falls
Samle Site Temp.-A Temp.-Water Nh- ClTrity/Turbidity D.O. OD2
ir

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Bedrock
overall Stremn Bottom Composition

Gravel Cdmpaction
Not applicable.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(RIK)-

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Not applicable.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R. Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/&-Mqe Ave. Pool Size/Range

Available Cover

Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source

Aquatic Vegetation

Terrestrial Vegetation

Shading

Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No fishing - Used as water supply (old powerhouse at base).
Use by Fish
No fish

Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
Sampled for water quality only - no use by fish or fishermen.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted: Pacific Rim Planners, Inc., 7-9/79

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

No Name Creek 101-28-015 102-01

Stream Number Geocode
Flows N. into Pt. Chester, .5 mi long. Mountain and muskeg slopes run-off. Mountain slopes and muskeg
Iocation 300m above High Tide Origin Watershed Type run-ofr-.
6/21/81 Mark (HTM) Culvert at HTM, may be one. Low
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height

3%
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. velocity7iFwic@e- Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Rock colonized with vegetation. Stable . None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality

dlii@ity/Turbidity Color C02
Sample Site Tmp.-Air Tarp. -Water Ph 5.0.

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Predominantly cobble/rubble/boulders.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
Angular sparse gravels.
Gravel Compaction
Little to none - rocks are too large.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None
Intertidal Spauning Area

R*aring Area
Limited pools (few and very shallow).
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range

Available Cover
Sparse
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some mosses.
Aquatic Vegetation
Some salmonberry and skunk cabbage - timber is spruce and hemlock.
Terrestrial Vegetation

Shading
Limited because of lack of cover and shallow pool depth.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reporled and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
None known.
Use by Fish
None known.
Use hy Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Creek probably not utilized by salonids - no available gravels - no fish seen or expected

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted: E. Biggs, C. Huntington, 6/21/81

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Davis Creek 101-28-016 102-02
Stream NuTber Geocode Muskeg marsh and
Flows N into Pt. Chester, 1.5 mi long Small lake and muskeg run-off. forested foothills.
Location - origin Watershed Type
1500m above High Tide
6/4/81 Mark (HTM) Muskeg area att 1500m I Low flow +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
3% 2 cfs rapid over 1 fps -- 3.6m 3-4.5m .45m
AN Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. - width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
M
7cferately steep banks to the muskeg of
bedrock and fra2mented rock, /Stabilized by roots and LOD, Two and stream splits at 15OOm-
Strewnbank Composition / Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/7/71: 12.3C 11.7C 6.0
Above culvert. 10.0C 10.5C 5.5 Clear None Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Fh_ Cl-ii-r-ity/Turbidity D.C. 002
17.1 ppm (9/7/71) 48.2 ppm (9/7/71) -- Satisfactory - not great.
Total Alkalinity Thtal Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Gravels interspaced in boulders with lots of bedrock in the channel (some bottom material is angular);
Overall Stream Bottom Composition No fines or compaction, clean
there are a couple of sand bars, but fines are minimal. excellent quality gravels.
Gravel Compaction 2
Definite redds found - suitable gravels are present to the 1400m mark. Approximately 700m of total
Spawninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
area exists.

None (cobble/boulder substrate mixed with some fines).
Intextidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Mainly riffles in creek - a few pools. Shallow/ one to Im dee Small/ One to 7.5m diameter
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some available, with a few undercut banks and slack water areas, some LOD in the channel and root tangles.
Available Cover
Sparse - a few trichoptera, ephemeroptera and diptera (sparse probably because of low Ph).
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some filametous algae growth, alot of mosses present.
Acr tic Vegetation
T ick . I;rn.v salmo erry
nd tight ripar c:@ect:dtjrn.to m.skeg areas made up mainly of skunk cabbage, salal, nb
and alder; timber is nd hemlock.
Texrestrial Vegetation
Intense - 90% mainly due to riparian vegetation.
Shading
There is a moderate amount of coho rearing area, but low Ph and low abundance of insects are probably
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
limiting factors to production. Much rearing area is physically good for steelhead.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Chum, coho and pinks use the creek.
Use by Fish
Subsistence fishing and egg take for hatchery (Fall, 1980).
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
Many pink and chum use this creek along with coho; so subsistence fishing should be regulated and

controlled; a gravel pile under the culvert may help fish get through it (there is a 3 ft drop at HIM).
Water quality and food abundance may be limiting factors to production.
89

Historical EscapemenlIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/7/71 Coho Fry (55mm) 30

9/l/71 Pink Adult 30

9/15/71 Pink Adult 30 These were found speared
not natural mortality.
9/20/71 Pink Adult 32 Found 14 mile up the creek.

1972 Pink Adult 270 USFWS Escapement Estimate

1973 Pink Adult 100 USFWS Escapement Estimate

1974 Pink Adult 712 USFWS Escapement Estimate

1975 Pink Adult 750 USFWS Escapement Estimate

1076 Pink Adult 1165 USFWS Escapement Estimate

9/1/81 Pink Adult 60 Aerial count - fish ball seen
at creek mouth.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, J. Yuska, 6/4/81, and USFWSP 9/7/71

Recommended Escapement
Recommended escapements according to available spawning area are 600 pinks, 40 chum and 10 coho (according
to rearing area) spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
With good-excellent quality gravels, a 10% egg-fry survival rate is assumed. Give the above escapements,
production potential is 1780 pinks, 200 chum and 56 coho returning to Annette Island.

Figure 16. DAVIS CREEK

1P 04 4t.

'50 rvL
IODW\,

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
o
2mryL Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas
(till Pools
Cobble or Boulders
W-1 A 0
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

20001

Not In Scale 91

DAVIS CREEK Watershed No. 102-02
Stat. No. 101-28-016

Intertidal Area (Below Road Culvert)
Mainly cobble and boulder and gravels with fine
sediment mixed in.

om Upstream side of road culvert, High Tide Mark (HTM).

2
0-loom 120m spawning area Just above the culvert, then
an .08m deep spawning riffle at 25m. At 50m is a
pool .8m deep with high, overhanging stream banks
6-7m long. At loom is a long glide over bedrock.

100-200m 70% spawning area with a decrease in gradient and
50% overhead canopy shading, gravel are good size,
but angular and a first order tributary enters
at 200m.

200-350m Fewer gravels, but good rearing area; at 250m is
a large pool and two first order tributaries enter,
one at 260m and one at 300m. At 350m, gradient
increases again and 20% good spawning gravels occur
at the "tailout" of a plunge pool.

350-550m Most gravels too large for spawning; alot of LOD
and debris jam potential.

650m Very little spawning area available.
700m 25m section with spawning gravels. Average Stream
Width (ASW) = 1-1.5m.

750m Island

775m Scores of steep cascades with large angular boulders.
800M Series of falls (steep), blockage to pinks with
a 2 cfs flow.

900M 1 diameter live cedar log across creek.
925m Gradient drops and 25% available spawning area
occurs; moss and filamentous algae are present.

looom Gradient low, gravels are small with alot of fines;
ASW = lm, Average Stream Depth (ASD) = .35m, alot
of aquatic moss and algae occur.

lloom Above here, channel narrows considerably with a
U-shaped cross section and fine sediment bottom
(no spawning area).
1500M Stream breaks into muskeg.
Spawning Area: 0-loom 225m2
100-200m loom
350m 20m
350-1400 350m - approximately
Total 700m2 approximately.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Sawmill Creek 101-28-017 102-03
Stream Number Geocode
Flows N into Pt. Chester, .25 mi. long, Skater Lake - run-off from Muskeg and developed land,
near L.P. Mill trailor court area 10 acres in area.
Location Entire length - to Origin Possibly at Watershed Type
6/21/81 Skaters Lake second culvert. Low flow +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Low - 3% -- -- 1 fps / to slow 1.2m -- .1 --
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/ Range Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Soils stabilized by roots and heavy Stabilized
vegetation - LOD may add organic load to creek./ by vegetation. None
Streambank Composition / Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 6/9/72: 15.OC 13.3C 6.8
Above second culvert. 12.2C 14.OC 5.0 Cloudy/ Some Brown -- --
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. CO2
Trace (6/9/72) 12.0ppm (6/9/72) 9.lppm-CaCo3 (6/9/72) Resistivity = 461,698 ohms/cm3
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/overall

Spawning Area
Mud and silt in gravel and rubble - some sand; much of bottom is mucky with high amount of organic matter.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
Siltation of gravels has occurred.
Gravel Compaction
None- too many fines in gravel - former report (in 1972) states that 80% good spawning was available.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None- creek flows under lumber yard - through two culverts, culvert under Vallner Point Road could be a
barrier (two foot drop).
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Pools in 20% of stream, riffles in 50%. .15m -- 1.2 x 3m --
Pool/Riffle Frequency (P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Undercut banks, some LOD and Skater's Lake.
Available Cover
Sparse - a few Odonata and ephemeroptera.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce - primarily composed of microforms.
Aquatic Vegetation
Heavy shrubs and alder and near lake is tall grasses and shrubs.
Terrestrial Vegetation
90-100% to trailors (due to heavy riparian vegetation); 30% past trailor court to lake.
Shading
Rearing area is okay - moderate amount of area available, as long as pollution does not interfere with
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
the physiology.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Creek not utilized by salmonids any more (may have been coho at one time). Pinks and chum used to use creek
Use by Fish
No fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
--

Comments and Recommendations
Pollution problems and siltation seems to have destroyed the production potential of the creek. An up-

dated, full water quality test (BOD, COD, pH, coliform counts, etc) should be conducted. Siltation
problem may be hard to deal with because of road run-off and sewage seepage; it may help to reduce
flow impedences and make second culvert passable.
93

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

1971 Pink & Chum Adult Not counted Residents reported these fish
in the creek this year.

1972 Pink Adult 100 USFWS Escapement Estimate

1973 Pink Adult 100 USFWS Escapement Estimate

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntingtom, 6/21/81 and USFWS, 6/9/72

Recommended Escapement
No recommended escapements should be made until this creek is rehabilitated.

Potential Production Summary

Figure 17. SAWMILL eREEK

Port Chester

Iur- muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas L.P. Mill Road
Overhanging Vegetation
A7- -Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls Vallner Point Road

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Send or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

4J
k Traildr Court
0

W Vj
P
ort Chester

I Uill) I

Skaters La e kil Q1
I LOU0 (1'

tit

Not In Sca 95

SAWMILL CREEK Watershed No. 102-03
Stat. No. 101-28-017

Sawmill Road Stream flows through passable culvert over intertidal
largely consisting of sand and small gravel and
debis from the lumber mill.

Vallner Point Road
High Tide Mark (HTM) below culvert, stream drops
2 ft from culvert; hard for fish to maneuver.

To Skaters Lake Creek flows through well-defined channel with alot
of LOD; however, bottom has alot of fine sediment,
muck and generally not suited for use by salmonids.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Graveyard Creek 101-28-018 101-01
Stream Number Geocode
Flows NW into Nichols Passage, Muskeg marshes and timbered,
about 1.0m long. Small muskeg lakes and run-off. ently rolling hills Imi2 area
IDeaticn. 650m up to end of Origin Watershed Type
6/6/81 spawning areas. None Low flow +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1.5% - gentle 1.5 cfs / to 11 cfs (9/7/71) 2fps/moderate-swift 2.Om / to 6m
Ave. Gradiept Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Rance Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Mud and rock stabilized by root wads and vegetation - I
alot of LOD and "drowned logs". None - stream forks at 610m
Streambank Composition / Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/7/71: 12.2C 11.1c 5.5 Clear None Amber
10M 10.6C 9.5C 5.5 Clear None Amber
Samle Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color 002
17.1ppm (9/7/Z_12 34.2ppm (9/7/71) 28.44ppm (9/7/71) Okay - siltation is a problem in areas.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/Overall

Spawning Area
Mainly small gravels, pebbles, sand and some silt and organic matter - larger rock occurs above second
Overall Strecun Bottom Composition
culvert. Some with fines mixed in gravels.
Gravel Compaction
Redds found - 2.5% spawning area overall in creek of fair quality spawning gravels; 45m 2 total area
'�j @@inq @Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
available.

None - creek flows over sand/rubble beach.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Pools are numerous throughout creek,
(some organic debris in pools), 6.1 ratio. .25m to .6m 2.5 x 3.5m
P?ol/Riffle Fregueqg(@:R. P4tio) Ave. I@RtD411anqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
a r
A unaant cover vai B e under overhanging vegetation,poinotle ading, alot of root wads, under t banks
and heavy amount of LOD (with pool formations).
Available Cover
Sparse - some diptera and trichoptera - but more here than in other muskeg creeks on Island.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Sparse.
Aquatic Vegetation
ExSreme.1y veloped stream m in of salmonberry, currant, skunk cabbage, ferns and root tangles under
'. ',je
-ce 'k . sprurp and a Tg r
Terrestrial Vegetation
90% intense.ishading up to 100% in areas - due to heavy riparian vegetation and canopy.
Shadinq
Excellent coho rearing areas throughout creek in undercut banks, LOD, deep pools and backwater areas,
ua ity o I@Larijiq Artm
under root wads - many fry observed.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho, and cutthroat utilize creek.
Use by Fish
Reported heavy subsistence fishing in the fall (but no known sport fishing).
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Beaver, mink, and land otter observed in previous years.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek, because of the limited spawning area, but extensive rearing area, is significant in
production of coho versus pinks and chum (although they utilize the creek). Manage and protect as an
important nursery area and especially restrict fishing during escapement of coho (looks like there may
be underescapement problem). No habitat improvements are recommended.

Historical EscapementIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
9/17/71 Pink Adults 4 1
Coho Adults I
Chum Adults 3

9/14/71 Pinks Adults 23 3 Found from mouth to 90m up.
9/15/71 Pinks Adults 11 1 Found from mouth to 24m up.
9/20/71 Pinks Adults 0 9 Found from mouth to 90m up.
10/12/71 Pinks Adults 21 28 Found from mouth to 90m up.
1972 Pinks Adults 125 USFWS Escapement Estimate
1973 Pinks Adults 55L USFWS Escapement Estimate
1974 Pinks Adults 574 USFWS Escapement Estimate
1975 Pinks Adults 769 USEWS Escapement Estimate
1976 Pinks Adults 626 USFWS Escapement Estimate
6/6/81 Coho Fry 200 More seen, but uncounted.
Cutthroat Fry (0+ age) About 50

9/l/81 Pinks (mixed) Adults 100 Fished balled up at mouth
aerial survey.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, J. Yuska, 6/6/81 and USFWS, 9/7/81

Recommended Escapement
Limited spawning area is available, only 75 pinks, 5 chum and 4 coho spawning pairs are needed to utilize
all the available area.

Potential Production Summary
Gravel quality Is fair, a 10% egg-fry survival rate is assumed. 223 pinks, 25 chum and 23 coho could
return to Annette Island assuming the above escapement rates occurred.

Figure 18. GRAVEYARD CREEK

YWII I-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation 460wL
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam
300
Large Organic Debris (LOD)

0 ryk
CZ0

Graveyard

O'n

t Lit L..-41LI I it
Ott

Not In Sca
99

GRAVEYARD CREEK Watershed No. 101-01
Stat. No. 101-28-018

Intertidal Creek flows over sand and pebble beach, no spawning
area.

Om High Tide Mark (HTM) at passable road culvert.

0-50m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 2m with alot of sand
bars and LOD; spring seepage at 50m.

50-200m Alot of deep, undercut banks with excellent cover,
steep banks and choked with woody debris; excellent
rearing habitat and many coho fry obs6rved.

200-300m LOD, undercut banks, and cover continues, and size
of gravel increases. At 210m, spring seepage occurs
and at 300m, 5% gravels occur (although they are
angular); second road culvert here.

300-380m ASW = 1.75m, Average Stream Depth (ASD) = .15m,
bottom is mainly mossy cobble and small boulders
with 5% spawning area, many pools occur; amount
of overhanging shrubs decrease, canopy mainly of
trees.

380-450m Crumbly rock banks that are a good source of gravel
and fine sand; more mature trees occur here.

450-650m Same as above, still only 5% gravels. Stream forks at
610m, north fork is lm wide, lm deep with fine gravels
too small for spawning and south fork is also poor
spawning area; mainly muskeg "land bridges" (creek
flows under vegetation). Survey ended at 650m -
creek flows into muskeg.

Spawning Area: Limited
Approximately 45m2 available spawning area.

100

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Far North Smuggler Creek 101-28-020 101-02
Stream Nunber Geocode
Flows S into Smuggler Cove, about
.5 mi. long. Muskeg and small lake drainings. Muskeg and timbered flats.
Tocation 450m above High Tide origin possibly log jam at HTM and Watersh-ed Type
6/15/81 Mark (HTM) muskeg areas at 250m. Moderate Flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed @Ier@s sta(le Flood Height
1ow - about 1-3% .35cfs / -- Slow - .5 fps/ -- 1.5m .15m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Banks high in places - muskeg and rocks with
root tangles. / Stable - extensive LOD influence on channel. None
Streambank Ccmpositicn Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
10m above HTM 10.6C 10.OC Clear / None Dark Brown
SamDle Site Temp. -Air TeW. -Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
Strong muskeg influence.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

10% silt, 15% sand, 30% pebble, 40% g ravels (less than or equal to 2cm in diameter).
Spawning Area

Overall Stremn Bottan Ccniposition Moderate - most gravel too fine for
salmon.
Gravel Compaction
3% available spawning area - about 20m- area, but gravels are marginal, too many fines mixed in.
Spaming Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Limited less than 10m 2 area available.
Intert-idal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
p:r = 4:1
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R-Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Lots of LOD, slash, undercuts and root wads extensive cover.
Available Caver
Sparse
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Sparse.
Aquatic Vegetation
Stunted trees and muskeg vegetation.
Terrestrial Vegetation
50% banks and riparian vegetation.
Shading
Good coho rearing area - limited by small size of creek.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Probably only pinks and trout could use gravel.
Use by Fish
No fishing or hunting activity - known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Creek of minor importance in production (limited) - most gravels are too fine for use by salmon. An
old shack was found at 25m and a trash collector dam at 100m; log jam at mouth may act as a barrier
during low flows.

101

storical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/15/71 Unidentified Fry At 200m above creek mouth.
Salmonid

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/15/81

Recommended Escapement

Due to the small gravel size, only pinks would be expected to utilize this creek and due to the limited
spawning area, the escapement recommendation is only 50 pink spawning pairs,

Potential Production Summary
Due to the marginal gravel quality, a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate is assumed with a production potential
of IS pinks returning to Annette Island.

102

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

North Smuggler Creek 101-28-021 101-03
Stream Geocode
Flows SW into Suggler Cove, Drains smalT'na e NW of Yellow
about 1 mi long. Hill Lake and muskeg run-off. Muskeg and timbered flats.
location 1400m above High Tide Origix @ossibly by beach Watershed Type
6/15/81 Mark (HTM) lop Jam. Low to moderate.
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1.5% upper end,
_2/L upper reach 1.25 cfs 1 fps 1.5m .15m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Fragmented c' rogitangles and some
organic matrtor.'/ a rly stable, but creek channel moves a bit One - consisting of 35% of total flow.
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries
at high flow - moderate LOD influence.

Water Quality
10.6C 12.OC Clear/ None Brown
SamDle Site Temp.-Air Temp ter Clarity/Turbidity Color 0- C02
Muskeg water
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
5% silt, 15% sand, 10% pebble, 35% gravel, 15% rubble, 5% boulder and a trace amount of bedrock.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
Not bad - some fines.
Gravel Ccnipaction
2 2 2
Some gravels are packed in behind LOD - 300m total area available; 275m occurs in first 600m, 25m
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
occurs in 1000-1400m of creek.

2
Limited to approximatley 10m
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing AreaMo,tly riffles at lower end and more
p:r = 1:1 - riffles occur at higher flow.
P001711iffle Frequency(P:R@Ratio) [email protected]@1-Sfzii;-j-
Moderate LOD influence creating some pools and overhanging root wads.
Available Cover
Sparse - some ephemeroptera, trichoptera, and diptera.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food source
Heavy filamentous algae in small pools.
Aquatic Vegetation
Alot of currant, salmonberry and ferns under a hemlock, cedar and spruce canopy.
Tlermstrial. Vegetation
-95% due to a heavy riparian understory, canopy and some topography (banks).
Shading
A fair amount is available in the summer (for coho); however, in the winter, most of creek is probably
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
riffles, runs and swift water.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Coho, pink, chums and cutthroat trout probably utilize creek.
Use by Fish
No fishing or hunting known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Beach log Jam at mouth is passable at high tide and high flow, otherwise, it is a barrier. This is
a pretty good coho creek, but does not produce large numbers; due to fair amount of spawning area
in lower reach, this creek probably produces alot of pink and chum.

103

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/15/81 Coho Fry a few
Cutthroat Adults (8 inch &2
7 inch)

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/15/81

Recommended Escapement
A moderate amount of spawning area is available, and rearing area, so recommended escapements are 520
pinks, 34 chum, and 4 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary

Production potential, assuming a 10%@egg-fry survival rate, is 1544 pinks, 170 chum and 23 coho returning
to Annette Island.

104

Figure 19. NO-RTH'SMUGGLER CREIEK

IA400ot

13004,_

aj00W%_
IV vr,- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
I
-Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
1000WL
Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders
iA
Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

qoowl,

Xf
wL i@Tg

Mu
S ggler Cove

Not In Scale 105

NORTH SMUGGLER CREEK Watershed No. 101-03
Stat. No. 101-28-021

Om High Tide Mark (HTM), beach log jam.

0-400m Good spawning and rearing habitat, low gradient
LOD and overhanging cover.

600m .5m high passable debris jam with old redd just
above it.

685m Another old redd observed.

800m Log fall in creek; coho fry and adult trout here;
heavy algae growth occurs in side pools.

1000M Amount of rubble and boulder in channel increases
here. Tributary making up 35% of the total stream
flow enters here.

1025m Passable debris jam with coho fry below it.

1100m Passable bedrock chute.

1200m Passable slash and debris jam.

1300m LOD pile.

1400m Good rearing area continues (from Om) but spawning
area is patchy. End of survey.

Spawning Area:
Intertidal Limited to about 10m 2
Above HTM 0-1000M 275m2(mostly below 600m)
1000-1400m 25m
Total 300m2

106

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Yellow Hill Lake Creek 101-28-022 101-04
Stream Number
Flow SW into Smuggler Lake,
about .5 mi long. Yellow Hill Lake and muskeg run-off. Muskeg and timbered flats.
Location (Entire section) 850m toor'gin Probable cascade Watershed Type
6/15/81 culvert in airport road barrier at 250m. Low flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
moderately
Moderate 1 cfs swift - 1-2 fps 1.5m to 3m .10m to .2m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Banks steep in areas kup to 1 M) - mainly .- I
of bedrock./ Stabilized by bedrock and vegetation, some LOD None
Strewmbank Composition stability influence in lower Tributaries
Water Quality reach.
Above HTM 7.5 (5/11/72) Clear/None Light Amber
Sample Site Temp. -Air Tew-Water Ph ClPrt C02
Bette Wn/ToutrPe'rditYeekMnorthis areAeoc!ause
it drains a large lake.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved solids Other/overall

Spawning Area
95% boulders and cobble, 5%s= s with some fines in the lower section.
Overall Stream Bottom Carpo

2 Gravel Compaction
Less than 10m area - bottom is mostly cobble and boulder, too large to use.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(M"

None - intertidal channel is indiscernable.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Few pools - mainly riffles and runs.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Limited -mainly occurs in braided channel in lower reach.
Available Cover
Abundant - mayfliesq caddisflies and diptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce
Aquatic Vegetation
Mainly of muskeg and stunted timber - scarse.
Terrestrial Vegetation
60% in lower section, 30% due to banks, 30% due to brush; 30% shading near lake.
Shading
Limited - velocity is too high and creek is too steep in many areas; however, some is available in the
KKtent and Quality of Rearing Area

braided channels.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Trout only use creek.
Use by Fish
No known fishing activity.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Not a salmon stream manage for cutthroat only; USFWS recommended stocking with rainbow in 1973,
they did stock. 107

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

5/11/72 Cutthroat Adult and Fry A few

1973 Rainbow Fry 1000 Stocked in Yellow Hill Lake

6/15/81 Cutthroat Fry Several

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington and J. Yuska, 6/15/81 and USFWS, 5/11/72

Recommended Escapement

No salmon production is expected, however, trout utilize this creek.

Potential Product.ion Summary

108

Figure 20. YELLOW.HILL LAKE CREEK

Yellow Hill L ke

49r

M
skeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
U
Overhanging Vegetation 50jVL
11--,'Forested Areas
Steep Stream Banks ut '141 \-U
Cascades or Falls
Riffles N ILI
Spawning Areas

Pools Q)
Cobble or Boulders 0,
Sand or Gravel Bars W W
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

:300WL-

e9
0

Smuggler

Not In Scale 109

YELLOW HILL LAKE CREEK Watershed No. 101-04
Stat. No. 101-28-022

Om High Tide Mark (HTM), no intertidal gravels.

0-150m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 3m, stream braids
with large cobble substrate (no gravel), some LOD
in channel.

200-250m Bottom composition: 30% cobble, 60% boulders,
5% gravels, 5% fines. Stream has good cover and
LOD, 60% shading, but moderate gradient (too steep
for coho fry). ASW = 1.75m, Average Stream Depth
(ASD) = .06m, at 250m, is an 8m cascade and probably
barrier.

300-850m Creek meanders through muskeg, ASW = 1.0m, ASD = .08m,
gradient is low to moderate and shading is 30% (20%
by stream banks and 10% by vegetation). Bottom
composition: 60% large cobble, 35% boulders, and
less than 5% gravel. Cutthroat fry were observed
in this stretch. Fish passage may be blocked by
partially plugged road culvert at 850m.

Spawning Area: Limited, less than 10m 2 total area.

110

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Smuggler Creek 111 101-28-024 101-05
Stream Number Drains eutrophied C*,ocode
Flows W into Smuggler Cove, .3 mi long lake and muskeg run-off. Muskeg area and timbered flats.
I,ocation 450m above High Tide origin At 450m, creek runs Watershed Type
6/15/81 Mark, (HTM) into muskege Low flow - -- I
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1-1.59. - moderate .5 cfs / 1 fps Im .5-1.25m .18m .1-.35m
Ave Gr di t loge(so Ave. Velocity/Ranc e
Roc@ arnl 'm!2 with muFMWg yegeLM me je Ave. Width/Ranq Ave. Depth/Range
bedrock banks and LOD defined channels - steep in areas)/ Stable None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above HTM 16C 14C Clear / None Brown
Sample Site Temp. -Air Temp.-Water f;h-- C-1@r-ity/Turbidity @1-or OD2
Muskeg water - some LOD influence in lower areas.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Lower stretch: 5% gravels, 35% cobble, 60% rubble. Above 300m: less than 5% gravels, all muck and fines.
Overall St Bottcxn Canposition
There is one small bedrock stretch. Some fines mixed in gravels.
2 avwction
Onely 18.75m (limited areas) in the 0-300m stretch, above 300m, the gradient is low and the creek runs
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
through overhanging muskeg vegetation.

None - creek channel is indiscernable and creek mouth is choked with LOD and debris.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Few pools.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some under LOD, overhanging vegetation and undercut banks.
Available Cover

Scarce
Aquatic Invertebrates/Avallable Food Source
None seen.
Aquatic Vegetation
Muskeg vegetation and stunted timber.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Some
Shading
Limited
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No known use by fish.
Use by Fish
No known use by fishermen.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
Im wide log at mouth may be a barrier except at extremely high tides and high flow flows. A minor

creek used probably only by pinks if used at all.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

No salmonids seen and no evidence of redds.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted

J, Yuska, 11 5111

Recommended Escapement

Due to the creek and gravel sizes, probably only pinks utilize this creek and recommended escapement
is 32 pink spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Due to poor gravel quality, 1.2% egg-fry survival rate assumed, production potential is only estimated
at 11 pinks.

112

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Smuggler Creek 11 101-28-025 101-06
strewn Number Geocode
Flows W into Smuggler Cove, 300m long Muskeg run-off Forested muskeg flats.
Incaticn 300m - entire creek fromorigin Watershed Type
6/15/81 High Tide Mark (HTM) 15 300m it runs into muskeg. Low
rig Surveyed Section Surveyed Stage Flood Height
.25 cfs lm lM
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. @@cfth/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Steep - mud and rock banks with vegetation. / Stable None
Stxaambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
None taken Brown
Sample Site Manp. -Air Temp. -Water Ph ClTrity/Turbidity D.O. 002
Muskeg water
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall

Spawning Area
10% spawning gravel in a 50m stretch, otherwise, creek bottom is all fines (muskeg muck and silt) and
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
some bedrock. Moderate with fines.
At most 3m 2available - minor production if any. Gravel CcniFection
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None - mouth choked with LOD.
Intertidal SIximing Area

Rearing Area
Few pools
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R,Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some composed of LOD, muskeg land bridges and some off channel areas.
Available Cover
Scarce
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some moss and algae.
Aquatic Vegetation
Moss, salmonberry, currant, azalea, cedar, hemlock and shorepines.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Over 75% due to stream bank vegetation and canopy.
Shading
Limited - there is some good cover, but the creek is very small.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No known use by fish.
Use by Fish
No known use by fishermen.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
There is a possible barrier at 120m from the mouth at a 2m falls; also at a bedrock cascade at 100m.
In addition, LOD and debris blockage at mouth acts as a barrier except at high tides and high flow.
Pinks only, would probably use this creek, although production is probably minor.

113

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/15/81

Recommended Escapement

None are made due to the limited creek and spawning area size.

Potential Production Summary
Some may occur, but is not included in the total estimate at this time.

114

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Smuggler Creek 1 101-28-026 101-07
Stream Number Geocode
Flows W into Smuggler Cove, .4 mi long Smuggler Lake Forested muskeg flats.
Wcation Entire length - 675m origin Watershed Type
6/15/81 High Tide Mark (HTM) to Lake None Low +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers (6/9/72) Stage Flood Height
3% .65cfs / to 1.4 cfs (6/9/72) 1 fps/to .5 cfs 1.25m lm / to .25m
Ave a l1?rmuske/g'%Tt.ti.nAaVn1- Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
M.,f, [email protected]@ sand JR
-root tangles - some LOD created channels./ Stable except at mou h Two - no forks.
Streambank Composition St'ab it a@Dutaries
il Uere erosion has occu

Water Quality 6/9/72: 17.8C 13.9C 6.0 Clear Slight
25m Above HTM 10.6C 13.5C -- Clear None Brown
Sample Site TEW. -Air Tcnp.-Water Clarity/qkirbidi ty Color D.O. OD2
Trace (6/9/72) 1O.Oppm (6/9/72) 8.63ppm CaC03 (6/9/72) Resistivity = 4716 ohms/cm3 (6/9/72)
Thtal Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/Overall

Spawning Area
Trace rubble, trace cobble, 40% gravel, 25% pebbles, 25% sand, 10% silt and muck.
Overall Stream Bottan Composition
Some fines mixed in gravels.
325m2 available mainly gn gravel bars - 5 old redds observed. Gravel Compaction
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HIM

None - indistinct channel clogged with LOD.
Inter-tidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area As flow increases, more riffle occurs,
p:r = 1:2 pools occur at bends and behind beaver dams. .15m to .55m One is 1.8 x 7.5m in area/--
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Undercut banks, LOD and pools provide alot of cover.
Available Cover

,Abundant - ephemeroptera, diptera, and trichoptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Avai-lable Food Source
Scarce
Aquatic Vegetation
much of riparian vegetation is just thick forest understory of alders, berries, some muskeg plants,
spruce and hemlock.
Terrestrial Vegetation
98% (70% from thick and tight riparian vegetation, the rest is from canopy and topography).
Shading
Extensive rearing area is available in LOD, pools, beaver ponds and in lake.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks, coho are known to use creek, chum may use it also.
Use by Fish
Some subsistence fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Stream is probably inaccessible to fish except during periods of high flow, because of a sand/silt
and LOD bar at the mouth (creek seeps through it). Gravel not too good for anything but Pinks, but
coho obviously use creek - although their production is probably limited because of the small gravels.
Escapement counts are recommended, and fishing regulations also, if the creek proves to be u-nTe-r-e-sc-a-p-e-17-
115

Historical EscapementIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/9/72 Coho Fry A few observed in lake
(not counted).
Pink Adults Not counted

6/15/81 Coho Fry Numerous

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/15/81 and USEWS, 6/9/72

Recommended Escapement

According to the spawning area available and rearing area for coho, recommended escapements are: 540
pinks, 15 chum and 18 coho spawning pairs.

Potential 'Production Summary
The gravel is of poor quality, so a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed. Potential production
based on the above escapements are 200 pinks, 21 chum, and 20 coho returning to Annette Island.

116

Figure.21. SMUGGLER CREEX I

r - -Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas Smuggler.Lake-
Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
till
Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders W

Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam \J/
W@
606
Large Organic Debrls(LOD) I/

60 VY1-

475w,-

Smuggler Cov&,::...:--..*..

Not In Scale 117

SMUGGLER CREEK I Watershed No. 101-07
Stat. No. 101-28-026

Om High Tide Mark (HTM), entrance choked with logs
and debris.

0-475m Channel has alot of LOD and overhanging, thick
riparian vegetation, at 60m a tributary enters
in, at 475m, a tributary enters that has little
good rearing area.

485-550m Numerous washed out beaver dams, many coho fry
observed here and above here, at 550m,is a 1.3m
high beaver dam with 55 x 8m pond behind it.

605-675m At 605m is a beaver dam with a 70 x 20m pond behind
it, grasses occur throughout area; at 675m is Smuggler
Lake.

Spawning Area: No intertidal area.
Above HTM, 325m2 is gravel bars.

118

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Weather Bureau Creek 101-28-027 101-08

Strew NuTber C--ocode
Flows NW into Smuggler Cove, .3 mi long Weather Bureau Lake 11 Muskeg with some forested areas.
Location 375m from High Tide Markor'g'rbpper Beaver Dam (1.7m high) Watershed Type
6/15/81 (HTM) to Lake may be one. Moderate +2 ft
Diat Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers (6/12/73) Stage Flood Height
3% - .3 cfs /to 1 cfs (6/12/73) 1 fps down to .5 fps .5m / to .9m .05m / to.1m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. width/Range Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Soils with mus eg vegetation - channel defined by
LOD in placeM Sta5le considering low flows. None
Streambank Canposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 6/12/73: 12.2C 11.7C 6.0 Slightly turbid Brown 8ppm
25m above HTM_ 16.OC 12.5C Clear / None Amber
Swple Site TEmp.-Air Temp.-Water @7h_ Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
17.1ppm (6/12/73) -- 6ppm (6/12/73)
Total Alkalinli@@ Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Mud, a few gravels and some boulders and rock.
Overall Stroam Bottcrn Ccmposition
Some with fines mixed in gravel.
Gravel Compaction
2
Limited to about 15m
Spawning Area Available T@tZTe High Tide Mark(HTM)

None
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area

Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R,Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Provided by LOD, root tangles, beaver ponds and Lake (if salmonids use it).
Available Cover
Some blackflies and mayflies.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Periphyton and filamentous algae abundant on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Muskeg vegetation, stunted trees mainly and heavy riparian vegetation (berries and shrubs).
Terrestrial Vegetation
95%, (60% due to overhanging vegetation and 30% due to canopy).
Shading
Fair coho habitat exists, but creek is so small, production is probably limited to low numbers.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Coho utilize and perhaps a few pinks - trout also.
Use by Fish
No fishing known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Creek of minor importance - limited spawning area available, but it does produce a few fish.

119

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/12/73 None observed

6/15/81 Coho Fry 5 In small pond near mouth.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/15/81 abd USFWS, 6/12/73

Recommended Escapement
Due to the'limited spawning area available, but abundant rearing area, 2 coho spawning pairs could utilize
this creek.

Potential Production Summary

Potential production, based on the poor quality of gravels is only a couple coho returning.

120

Figure 22. WEATHER BUREAU CREEK

Smuggler Cove
w ur- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

'L Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
lilt
wi-
L d0K Riffles N
@Z6wL Spawning Areas
S
I 5@A Pools
tz Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars
J00,YL Beaver Dam
Large Organic Debris(LOD)

W\-

@zj
j'Z U1

-39L5wL
\Ijl

\U/

Weather Bureau Lake Il
d-K

@ureau Lake @Il
Not In Scale 121

WEATHER BUREAU CREEK Watershed No. 101-08
Stat. No. 101-28-027

High Tide Mark (HTM), logs piled up here; no avail-
able intertidal spawning area.
om

25m 5 coho fry observed in a small pond; lots of algae
on rocks.

loom Stream goes under a root tangle of a live tree
and the channel above here is not well-defined.

225m Am high beaver dam here, may be a barrier.

375m Weather Bureau Lake II

Spawning Area: Limited, no intertidal area.
Above HTM is only about 15m 2 spawning area.

122

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Gillnet Creek 101-28-028 101-09
,Rtrea%w Number Ge0c0deGently rolling muskeg and
... into Nichols Passage,
1.5 mi long. Muskeg ponds and run-off. forested hills.
I,ocation 1675m from road to HiglPrigin Blocked culvert 1675m Watershed Type
6/15/81 Tide Mark (M) above HTM Low flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Variable .5-1.5 fps 4m .15m
Ave. Gradient Flow /Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Rock and mud with vegetation a0asnogmee LOD Ave. Velocity
influence in areas./ Some active undercutting, but stabilized b vegetation. None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above HTM 16.OC 14.OC Clear / None Very Dark Brown
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. d52

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Lower reach: 50% gravel, 15% pebble, 15% cobble, 10% sand, 5% silt, 5% rubble, 30% of creek is beaver pond
Overall Stream Bottom Composition Bed material is very angular in
with muck/silt/organic matter substrate. places - not great quality.
Gravel Compaction 2
LOD provides some trapped gravels and excellent spawning below 1150m (first 500m of creek) - 625m area
Spa%lninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
total is available abobe HTM (fair quality gravels).

150m2 is available neat very large estuarine rearing area.
Intextidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area
Many pools - produced by LOD and beaver dams. .30m to im
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P;R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave e/Ran
"C
LOD 1-fl-e _: strong in areas forming pools; along with LOD, undercut banks, ro@tp'woaldsSland d.efr
..d Prov 7d abundant cover.
Available Cover
Abundant in areas - caddisflies and diptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Filamentous algae, periphyton and mosses are abundant.
Aquatic Vegetation
etation (berries and shrubs) and old growth timber (cedar, hemlock, spruce).
=tHal Vegetation
95% in lower reach; 30% of creek is an open beaver pond area.
Sbad.ing
Excellent coho habitat in lower reaches with abundant LOD, beaver ponds and a large estuarine rearing
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
area is available in addition.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Coho, cutthroat, and rainbow utilize creek; pink and chum may also.
Use by Fish
No known use by fishing except possibly some commercial fishing (gillnetting) near the mouth.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Escapement counts are recommended. No habitat improvement is recommended; the creek probably already

produces adequate numbers (a moderate amount of production).

123

Historical EscopementIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/15/81 Cutthroat Fry Abundant
Rainbow Fry Abundant
Coho Fry Abundant

No escapement counts ever conducted.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/15/81

Recommended Escapement

Due to the extensive intertidal and freshwater spawning areas available, the following recommendations
can be made: 1300 pink, 85 chum and 10 coho spawning pairs could utilize this creek.

Potential Production Summary

Gravel is of fair quality so a 10% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed. 3861 pinks, 421 chum and
56 coho could return to Annette Island as a result of production from this creek.

124

Figure 23. GILLNET CREEK kit
VI
Road at the End of the Paved nwa J
Q

I,' ,*,dr- Muskeg, Cressy or Marshy Areas V1 lit
Overhanging Vegetation a715
@Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks ld lit

Riffles 3q5Y1
Cascades or Falls
it

Spawning Areas lit 36rel
Pools ji @jorA-
All Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debri s (LOD)

@L @0 rVI
fill

f 80 vvl-

fit q00Wt-
Jill

10 15 W'L

1-36orvi,

-1460f&

141ow@-
d1K

Est
Not In Scale 125

GILLNET CREEK Watershed No. 101-09
Stat. No. 101-28-028

Om Blocked culvert (creek runs under dirt road at
the end of the paved runway).
25m 5m2patchy spawning area, angular gravels and
low velocity flow; juvenile salmonid observed
here.

50m Upstream end of beaver dam.

275m Am high beaver dam with 225 x 5m pond.

345m .35m high beaver dam with 70 x 4m pond.

740m lm high beaver dam (passable at high flow) with
300 x 5m pond.

780m Two washed out beaver dams, creek begins to flow
more freely. Bottom composition is bedrock, boulders,
rubble and some cobble with alot of algae and
moss occurring.

900M Bedrock banks predominate from 780m.

1000m First spawning gravel patch since below culvert, 8m
area, angular gravels with cobbles and pebbles.

1015m Coho fry in side pools, pools average .25m deep
with a .5m maximum depth.

1250m Suspected old redd found, Average Stream Width
(ASW) = 3m, Average Stream Depth (ASD) = .15m.

1350m LOD influence strong forming pools and providing
cover - forest surrounding area is old growth.

1450m Cutthroat rainbow, and coho fry seen here in
abundance.

1475m Suspected old redd here.

1490m Beaver dam, .35m high, with a small pond.

1675m High Tide Mark (HTM). Intertidal spawning area
opens up into a large estuarine rearing area.

Spawning Area:

Intertidal 150m total area
Above HTM 625m2 (Excellent spawning areas below 1150m, in
first 500m of stream.)

126

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Canoe Cove Creek 1 101-28-029 101-10
Stream Number
Flows SW in N. Canoe Cove, about G00c0de 71 acres in area - Gently
no. Everetts Lake and muskeg,run-off. rolling hills with muskeg and
500m above High Tide Origin Watershed Type forested areas.
6/22/81 Mark (HTM) None Low flow +3 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed (5/25/72) Barriers Stage Flood Height
1.5% 3 cfs up to 5 cfs Moderate - I fps up to 2 fps. 1m / to 3m .1m / to .15m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Vegetated soil banks and rocks (some steep banks)/ Fairly stable -- I
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water quality 5/25/72: 11.1C 9.4C 7.0 Turbid water Brown 3.6ppm
20.OC 14.OC Clear / None Brown
Sample Site @7 h-
Temp. -Air Temp.-Water Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
Trace (5/25/72) 12.5ppm (NaCl) 106.98ppm (5/25/72) Dissolved Solids - CaC03 = 10.7ppm (5/25/72)
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall
(5/25/72)

Spawning Area
In first 500m: 20% gravels, 35% pebbles, 20% sand, 10% cobble and boulders, 5% bedrock.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
Some occurs, gravels are of fair quality.
2 Gravel Compaction
Approximately 33m is available - spawning area may be limited due to the narrowness of the stream.
Spauninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

75m2 total area available (again may be limited because of creek narrowness) .
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area pools occur in 60% of the entire
creek area (many due to beaver activity). .3m 3 x 3.6m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool 6ipth/Rawle Ave. Pool Size/RanW.
Provided by undercut banks, some LOD, overhanging vegetation - a moderate amount.
Available Cover
Sparse - but diverse: mayflies, midges, stoneflies, caddisflies, ephemeroptera, diptera.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Moderately abundant moss on rocks and abundant filamentous algae.
Aquatic Vegetation
Huckleberry, salal, mosses, terrestrial grasses, chocolate lilies, skunk cabbage and a few alders;
cedar-and hemlock canopy.
Terrestrial Veqetaticn
From 0-200m: 5D% shading (40% due to vegetation, 10% due to banks). 200-500m; 75% shading, all due to
shrubs and herbaceous vegetation.
Shading
Moderate amount is available in LOD, under banks and pools (some formed by old beaver dams).
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho and cuthtroat are known to use creek.
Use by Fish
No know use by subsistence or sport fishermen.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
No habitat improvements are recommended. Stream produces a moderate amount of salmonids.

127

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed
Date Species Size Nurnbers-Live Dead Comments
5/25/72 Coho Fry 710
Pink, chum and coho adults have been observed in the past.

6/22/81 Cutthroat 8 cm 1 Seen near creek mouth.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/22/81, and USFWS, 5/25/72

Recommended Escapement
According to spawning area available, the following recommendations can be made: 142 pinks, 9 chum and
2 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Gravels are of fair quality so a 10% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed. 422 pinks, 45 chum, and
11 coho could return to Annette Island as a result of production from this creek.

128

Figure 24. CANOE COVE CREEK I

6ODwl-

Muskig, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

R
fles N
if
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam
Large Organic Debris (LOD) If 2,00 W-

\if W
loo rVL

NO Nit
or@ -,

om 44TH

... If

Old Fish Tra-P

129
lit
Not In Scale

CANOE COVE CREEK I Watershed No. 101-10
Stat. NO. 101-28-029

-170-Om Average Stream Width (ASW) = 5m, 10% usable gravels
(75m2 spawning area total). High Tide Mark (HTM)
at Om.

Om At HTM, a large 100m tributary, ASW = .5m with
a bottom of 20% gravels, 40% pebbles and 40% sand,
enters; it flows over a beaver dam at 100m up
and ends in a large intertidal pool 25m in diameter;
there is a 1OM2 available spawning area in the
tributary.

5m Adult cutthroat trout observed.

0-100m Cascades over bedrock (less than 5% gravel) possible
velocity barrier for pinks and chum, with lm high
steep banks.

100-200m ASW = .75m, ASD =.05m. Bottom composition: 20%
gravels, 40% pebbles, 20% sand and 10% cobble,
15M2 available spawning area.

2
200-400m ASW =.75m, less gravels - 10% gravels (7.5m available
spawning area); moss and algae abundant in this
section with some LOD; at 400m is a pool 4 x 1.5m.

400-500m ASW = .5m, ASD = .15m, with less than 5% gravels;
75% shading from 200m; water becomes stagnant
at 500m - it is flowing out of muskeg ponds. (End
of Survey)

Spawning Area:
Intertidal 75m2 area total
Above HTM 33m2 approximate total area

130

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Canoe Cove Creek 11 101-28-030 101-11
Stream Number Ge0c0de Muskeg flats with scattered
Flows W into Canoe Cove, 400m long. Muskeg ponds and run-off. stands of stunted trees.
Iocation. 400m - High Tide Mark Origin At 15m, debris barrier and Watershed Type ilmi2area
6/19/81 (HTM) to muskeg origins. land bridges form possible
Dat Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers barriers. Stage Flood Height
Moderate - 6% Moderate - I fps/ - 1.8m .2m
Ave. Gradient /Range e
Flow Range Ave. Velocity Ave. Width/Ranq Ave. Depth/Range
Muskeg vegetation in mud - "land bridges" and
tqtinn infIlipnep rhannpl which is not wP11 defined./Unstable. One - stream forkq nt 70m.
I
Sl@T="Canposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/8/71: 17.8C 15.OC 6.0
Above HTM 15.OC 13.5C Clear / None Brown
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color 2
17.1ppm (9/8/71) Muskeg water
Total Alkalinity Total iEidness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Overall Stream Bottom Composition Poor gravels quite a bit due to
fines in gravel.
Gravel Compaction
60m of marginal quality spawning area.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Substrate too fine below -25m to use, 75m 2 marginal quality area from 0 to -25m.
Intertidal Spawninq Area

Rearing Area
Few pools or riffles.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some available due to overhanging vegetation, but it is limited.
Available Cover
Scarce - diptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some moss and filamentous algae - sparse.
Aquatic Vegetation
Salal, skunk cabbage, ferns, vanilla leaf, azalea, mosses; canopy is cedar and shorepines.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Intense due to brush and trees (80%).
Shading
Limited - poor gravels and a fast velocity - not alot of cover is available.
Extent and.Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No known use of stream by fish.
Use by Fish
No known use of stream by fishermen.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Limited use, if any, by pinks only due to fines in gravels and low PH. Any fish entering creek are

probably strays; no improvements are recommended. Also possible debris and topographic barriers exist.

131

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/19/81 None seen.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/19/81 and USFWS, 9/8/71

Recommende d Escapement

Due to the fine gravels, probably only pinks would utilize this creek, with a recommended escapement
0f 233 spawning pairs based on available area.

Potential Production Summary
Due to the poor gravels, a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate is assumed, and only 83 pinks are estimated to
return given the above escapement.

132

Figure 25. CANOE COVE CREEK 11

\J/

\jq

kit
399"L \J1 W

\41

V
;2o0wi

\.A

C., j

W WAl

!Owl-
@Vvf-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls .%So

Riffles N .7
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

OWL

Not In Scale 133

CANOE COVE CREEK II Watershed No. 101-11
Stat. No. 101-28-030

-25-Om Average Stream Width (ASW) = 6m, 60% usable gravels
(approximately 75m2 spawning area).

-70m Creek flows over boulder and cobble; tributary
enters at 70m.

0-300m (Tributary)
ASW = .5m, spawning gravel is approximately 10%
(10m 2 available area); debris jams scattered from
0-200m, caused by old World War II structures
fallen into creek - may be okay coho tearing habitat.
Above 200m, stream gradient increases and creek
becomes narrow with no gravels, at 300m, creek
flows under and into the muskeg and is within
100m of theend of the Canoe Cove dirt road.

0-100m (Main Channel)
ASW = 2.5m, ASD = .06m, bottom is 20% gravels,
40% 2fines and 40% boulder and cobble, (approximately
45m of spawning area is available).

100-200m ASW = lm, 10% gravels are present (10m 2' spawning
area). At 200m, stream splits into several channels
with less than 5% gravels and alot of fine sediment,
creek flows under muskeg "land bridges" that may
be barriers-to migration.

200-300m Many undercut banks, with a possible old redd
at 250m in one small gravel bar. Stream splits
again at 300m with less than 5% gravels.

300-400m Gradient is increasing and stream is still splitting
into muskeg.

Spawning Area:

Intertidal 75m area total
Above HTM Approximately 65m 2 of marginal quality spawning area.

134

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Canoe Cove Creek III (S.E. Creek) 101-28-031 101-12
Strearn Nunber C--ocodeMuskeg flats with stunted
Flows NW into So Canoe Cove, 1 mile long. Muskeg pond and run-off. timber stand. 60 acres in area.
Location Entire length from low Origin Watershed Type
6/19/81 tide to ponds. Low flow - -- I
Date Surveyed Sect-ion Surveyed (6/19/81) Barriers Stage Flood Height
3% Less than I cfs up to 1 cfs .5 fps 1.5m .25m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Channel poorly defined in places and heavily influenced by LOD./Unstable. None
Streambank Ccqmsition Stability Tributaries
Water Quality I I
W.Q. taken 8/24/72 - 15.5C 13.3C 5.0 Turbid Dark Brown
Sample Site Tmp.-Air Temp.-Z-ter @7h- Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 2
17.1ppm (8/24/72) Additional water quality taken - next page.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
50% rubble, 30% sand, 20% boulder.
Overall Stream Bot.tctn Composition
Some due to sand.
Flr@ve ]- C-cmpact ion
Very little - salmon probably cannot reach the pond because of low flow and beaver dams.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Pools in 40% of the stream. .35m .6m 3.6 x 1.2m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some in pools.
Available Cover
Moderately abundant. Odonata and ephemeroptera observed,
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food source
Scarce.
Aquatic Vegetation
Muskeg vegetation; stunted trees and heavy riparian vegetation.
Terrestrial Vegetation
intense - about 40% due to riparian vegetation and 60% due to canopy.
Shading
Very little is available.
Extent and Quality of Rearing

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Probably no fish use this creek.
Use by Fish
No fishing known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Low acidity, poorly defined channel, low flow and lack of gravels make this creek unusable by salmon.

135

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
7/17/79 Unidentified
Salmonids Fry Not counted Observed; however, station
station was intertidal - so
they could be from another
creek.

None seen or expected above HTM.

Additional Water Quality Data:

Flow: 7/17/79 - Ogcfs 8/23/79 - .07cfs 9/20/79 - .59cfs
Temp (Water): 7/17/79 - 9.OC 8/23/79 - 14.8C 9/20/79 - 1l.OC
D.O.: 7/17/79 - 11.5ppm 8/23/79 - 8.4ppm 9/20/79 - 10.4ppm
Conductivity (ohms/cm2 7/17/79 - 8/23/79 - 7000 9/20/79 - 55
Other - Water color was dark brown and sampling station was found to be intertidal.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/19/81, USFWS, 8/24/72, and Pacific Rim Planners, Inc., 7-9/1979

Recommended Escapement
No recommendations for escapement are made due to the lack of spawning areas.

Potential Production Summary

None made.

136

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Hidden Cove Creek 101-28-032 101-13
Strewn Number Geocode
Flows N into S Canoe Cove, .2 miles long./ Muskeg ponds, springs and run-off. Partially forested muskeg.
location 300m from High Tide origin - Watershed Type
7/19/81 Mark (HTM) to muskeg. Muskeg ponds at 300m. . Low flow +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1% .25cfs Less than I fps - slow 4m .15 / .1-.2m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Muskeg vegetation in mud and rock - well@defined
channel stabilized by vegetation. None - stream splits into muskeg at 300m.
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above HTM 22.2C 23.OC 6.0 Clear / None Amber
SwnDle Site Mmp. -Air Temp. -Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
40% gravels, 40% fines and pebbles, 20% cobble and boulders.
Overall Strewn Bottom Canposition Alot of fines mixed in
marginal quality gravels.
Gravel Ccmpaction
75m2 of marginal quality gravels available.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Some available - 170m 2 area of marginal quality gravels.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Few pools and rifffles.
Pool/Riffle Frequency (P:R. Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range

Limited
Available Cover
Scarce
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Sour-ce
Some algae, but not abundant.
Aquatic Vegetation
Skung cabble, grasses and sedges, some herbs and stunted trees.
Terrestrial Vegetation
0-10% due to topography (banks).
Shading
Very little due to lack of cover and small size of stream.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No previous record of use by fish.
Use by Fish
No fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Pink salmon may use this creek, but their success is questionable. No improvements are recommended

this creek produces low numbers, if any, of salmonids.

137

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

7/19/81 None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
11. Biggs, 1/17/81

Recommended Escapement
Because of the fine gravels, only pinks could probably utilize this creek. Recommended escapement is
408 pink spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary

Based on a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate (poor quality gravels) and the above escapement, only about 146
pinks would be expected to return to Annette Island from this creek.

138

Figure 26. HIDDEN COVE CREEK

Canoe
Cove

3 Owl-

skeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
IWO MU
Overhanging Vegetation
AForested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders -1193 m H-N,
Send or Gravel Bars Sf

Beaver Dam
Large Organic Debrls(LOD) SS

10) :3OOfA-

'W \J1 Q1
Qi
Not In Scale 139

HIDDEN COVE CREEK Watershed No. 101-13
Stat. No. 101-28-032

0-32m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 2m, intertidal gravels
are about 50%.

32-42m Fine sediment mixed with gravel and pebbles,
ASW = 9m with very slow flow (40m2 marginal quality
spawning area available).

42-75m ASW 2m, mainly a pebble bottom with mud.

75-90m ASW 2m, 75% spawning area (23m 2 area available).

90-101M Stream widens to ASW = 4m, (has alot of mud bottom)
25% spawning gravels (10m2 area available).

101-111m ASW = 2m, 50% spawning gravels (10m 2 area available).

111-122m ASW = 3m, 75% spawning gravels (23m 2 area available).

122-127m ASW = 2m, 25% spawning gravels (2m 2area available).

127-183m ASW = 5-6m, 10% spawning gravels, mostly a mud
bottom (30m2 area available). High Tide Mark
(HTM) at 183m.

183-300m ASW = 1.5-2m, bottom is mostly pebble and boulders
with areas of slow flow widened into pools (alot of
of sedges and rushes on banks); some gravels
available. At 300m, stream splits into muskeg.

Spawning Area:

Intertidal 170m of marginal quality, but usable spawning area.
Above HTM 75m2 total area.

140

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Tokyo Creek 101-26-002 405-01
Stream NuTber Geocode 1M2 in area.
Flow SE into Tamgas Harbor, .6 mi long. Tokyo Lake and muskeg run-off./ Gently rolled forested muskeg area.
location Entire length 950m Origin Watershed Type
6/19/81 from fork to Lake. None Moderate +2 ft
Date SurveYed Section SurveYed (11/24/71) Barriers Stage Flood Height
2% 2.5 cfs to 4 cfs 2 fps / moderate-swift 1.5m / .9-1.8m .17m to .4m
Ave.(Gradient FIT Av
Mud vegetated) and roc banks/ItM(Ve channle, aVtM9i.WRuWnWrcut Ave- Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
banks occur./ Fairly stable due to vegetation and timber. One tributary (creek itself is a fork
streambank Ccmpositicn Stability Tributaries of Annette Inn Creek) .

Water Quality 5/24/72: 15.OC 10.6C 6.5 Trace
16.OC 14.OC Clear / None Brown
Samle Site Temp.-Air TeM. -Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
10.8ppm NaGl 9.25ppm
Trace (5/24/72) (5/24,/72) _ - frte C Cd (5/24/72)/ Resistance = 33,000 ohms/cm3, (5/24/72)
Tbtal AlkalU@1@ Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
35% gravels, 35% fines, 30% cobbles and small boulders.
Overall Strewn Bottcxn Ccmpositicn
Some fines - fair quality gravels.
500m2 spawning area in creek sections with 20-40% gravels. Gravel Ccmpaction
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Not Applicable
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Pools - some large pools created by
beaver activity and small pools by LOD.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/lUi(jo Ave. Pool Size/Ranclu
Some LOD, undercut banks@ beaver ponds and lake.

Available Cover
Some - diptera and trichoptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce
Aquatic Ve e 0
Salal, ter7elt@fT grasses, huckleberry, ferns, azalea, mosses, devil's club, skunk cabbage; cedar dominant
near creek, hemlock found away from stream.
Terrestrial Vegetation
75% due to canopy.
Shading
Limited because of moderate-fast velocity and very little LOD in channel; however, there are numerous
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
undercut banks.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho and cuthtroat utilize creek.
Use by Fish
Little to no fishing pressure known.
Use by Fishexmc-n

Wildlife Present
None seen - evidence of beaver, mink and land otter.

Comments and Recommendations
No habitat improvements recommended. This creek does support a significant amount of coho fry and
chum and ink do use creek for spawning - an important production creek on Annette (combined with Annette
Inn Creek@.
141

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
11/24/71 Chum Adult 2 (Probably too late to
spot pinks).
Coho Adult 1

6/19/81 Coho Fry 1

Escapement count combined with Annette Inn Creek Count

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/19/81 and USFWS, 11/24/71 and 5/24/72

Recommended Escapement

Based on the spawning area available in Tokyo Creek, recommended escapements are 830 pinks, 54 chum and
20 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary

Potential prod uction based on the above escapements and an assumed 10% egg-fry survival: 2465 pinks,
267 chum and 113 coho could return to Annette Island.

142

Figure 27. TOKYO CREEK

U1
kq Ntk111 N11

Tokyo e

%tj
Nq
,XV11,Q

400m-

Ll
Of y I

11011- skeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
1orested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
dOPC
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Send or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD) Annette Inn C ek

Not In Scale 143

TOKYO CREEK Watershed No. 405-01
Stat. No. 101-26-002

OM Tokyo Lake, swampy area (freshwater clams abundant
here) with beaver activity.

50-100m First spawning gravels here, 20% gravels, Average
Stream Width (ASW) = 1m; moderate gradient and
good rearing area.

100-250m ASW = lm, velocity moderate to fast, bottom is
20% gravels, 60% fines, 20% cobble; old redd observed
at 150m.

250-400m ASW = 1.5m, 40% spawning gravels.

400-450m ASW = 2m, bottom is 40% spawning gravels, 30%
fines, 30% cobble and small boulders; beaver dam
at 450m, with 25m long pool - coho fry seen here.

450-600m ASW = 1.5m, 40% spawning gravels.

600-700m ASW = 1.75m, .75 cfs tributary enters at 600m.

700-800m ASM = 1.75m, 40% gravels.

800-950m ASW = 1.5m, ASD = .17m, with a moderate to fast
velocity and 40% gravels. At 950m, Tokyo Creek
joins Annette Inn Creek.

Spawning Area: No intertidal spawning area.
Above HTM, 500m 2 (with 20-40% gravels)

144

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Annette Inn Creek 101-26-001 405-02

Stream Number C--ocode 130 acres in area.
Flow SW into Tamgas Bay, about 1 mi long. Muskeg ponds, springs and run@off. Flat forested muskeg area.
IDcation 1350m above High Tide origin Watershed Type
6/19/81 Mark (HTM) (.84 mi). None +3 ft
Surveyed Section ge Flood Height
Date , Surveyed (11/24/71) a@oujei?ork 1 fps/moderate, S?bve fork 1.75m/-- above and
1.0% (over 1.0%
bP1 fork) 5.5 cfs (below fork) to below fork 2 fps/ o rapid, below 2,50m/-- below .25m/-
Ave. Gradient Flow Range12 cfsAve. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Mud and rock with vegetation.7
Fair stable channel due to vegetation and trees. Tokyo Creek is only tributary (fork at
Streambank Composition / Stability Tributaries 475m).

Water Quality 5/24/72: 15.OC 11.1c 6.8 Clear None Trace
16.OC ll.OC Clear None Brown
Sanole Site 71 -Air T7, --Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. OD2
Cl .84ppm 3
Trace (5/24/72)/15ppM 72) free CaCO-A (5/24/72) Resistance 38,284 ohm/c
- 1YL24/ m (5/24/72) Pretty good
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall water quality.

Spawning Area
Above fork: trace rubble, 15% cobble, 40% gravel, 20% pebble, 20% sand, 5% silt, trace muck. Below
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
fork: 10% rubble, 20% cobble, 40% gravel, 10% pebble, 15% sand, Some - fair quality gravels.
5% silt, trare muck. Gravel Compaction
Patchy - 70m2 above fork and 95m2 below Tokyo Creek.
Spawling Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None available.
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area Small pools are scattered throughout
p:r-3-4:1/ in reach near Inn - riffles dominate .4m / to 1.2m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio)elsewhere. Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
LOD and debris from old Inn provide excellent cover - also, overhanging vegetation and undercut banks.
Available Cover
Sparse - diptera, larvae, ephemeroptera and trichoptera observed, though.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Very little; however, some algal growth occurs, especially near the Old Inn.
Aquatic Vegetation
Skunk cabbage, ferns, currant and other berries with predominately spruce, hemlock, alder and some cedar.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Intense - 90% above Fork and 90-95% below Tokyo Creek Fork.
Shading
Very little off channel development - so areas with no LOD and a steep gradient are poor rearing habitat
E>t,ent and Quality of Rearing Area
areas, however, areas with abundant LOD (like around the Inn) are good for rearing.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, cutthroat and coho use creek.
Use by Fish
Little to no known fishing pressure (used to be when Inn was operating).
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen, evidence of beaver, mink, and land otter though (11/24/71).

Comments and Recommendations
No habitat improvements recommended; manage creek mainly as a coho nursery area (due to limited spawning
area), although pink, chum, and cutthroat do use the creek also.

145

Historical Escapement/Flsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
1972 Pinks Adults 380 - USFWS Escapement Estimate

1973 Pinks Adults 406 - USFWS Escapement Estimate

1975 Pinks Adults 20 - USFWS Escapement Estimate

1976 Pinks Adults 2410 - USFWS Escapement Estimate

6/19/81 Coho Fry over 100 - Thick near old Inn.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, C. Huntington, 6/19/81 and USFWS, 11/2/71 and 5/24/72

Recommended Escapement

According to spawning area available and rearing area for coho, recommended spawning is 275 pink, 18
chum and 10 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary

Given the above escapement level and an assumed 10% egg-fry survival rate, potential production from
Annette Inn Creek is 817 pinks, 89 chum, and 56 coho.

146

Figure 28. ANNETTE INN CREEK

Road t old Anne@te- @nj
fs

IWO$ ur- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
(?0061 1orested Areas
Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
0, DO Wx- Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam
65OWL Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

6.15 rA

Tokyo r 9- 5 Wt

YDOWI

:330M
A

Not In Scale 147 Tamgas Harbor

ANNETTE INN CREEK Watershed No. 405-02
Stat. No. 101-26-001

Om Beach log pile.

0-150m Alot of LOD with a few large pools and fair rearing
area.

300m .3m falls over log.

330m Creek runs under roots and muskeg.

400m LOD (4 logs piled up).

150-475m Fairly swift flow of predominantly riffles and
runs with marginal coho rearing habitat (another
"muskeg land bridge" where creek flows under roots
and muskeg). Tokyo Creek comes in at 475m.

525m Lots of deep, slow runs with undercut banks with
depth to .7m.

650m Banks are undercut, consisting of muskeg and root
tangles with some rock.

725-790m Runs and riffles.

800M LOD influence increases here, .5m high passable
debris jam.

875m Passable debris jam.

900M Passable debris jam.

975m Passable debris jam with Am falls.

1025m Lower end of debris jam from abandoned Inn.

1025-1250m Alot of rearing area here due to debris jams from
old Inn that ends at 1250m.

1350m Very little spawning area here or above, with some
rearing area, no barriers to here. Channel hard
to follow and splits into muskeg and heavy muskeg
forest understory.

Spawning Area:

No intertidal spawning area.

Above HTM 0-475m 95M2patchy spawning area
475-1250m 70M patchy spawning area

2
165m Total Area

148

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Moss Cove Creek 101-26-003A 405-03

Stream Number Geocode
Flow SE into Tam as Harbor(west
of Moss Pt. Creef) Muskeg ponds and run-off. / Thickly forested muskeg area - flat.
wcation 200m - Entre-section from Fkigin Culver tless road Watershed Type
6/3/81 High Tide Mark (HTM). at 200m. Moderate +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
2% 1.75 cfs -Slow -less than 1 fps
Ave Gradient Flow Pve. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Muj with vegetation - heavy L/O@Wcrorgan c
matter on channel./ Stabilized by vegetation and timber. None
Strewnbank Canposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above HTM. 10.6C 11.5C 5.5 Clear / None Dark Brown
Sample Site Mamp.-Air Temp. -Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
Muskeg water.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/overall

Spawning Area
Mainly mud, sand, and organic matter (twigs, branches, bark and leaves).
Overall Strewn Bottan Ccaposition

Alot of fines.
Gravel Ccnipaction
Hard to see where coho sp - less than 1% area is available; only 2 or 3 spawning areas exist
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
with om for 1 or 2 redds (coho may be spawning in Moss Pt. Creek and excess fry migrating over to this
'r

None intertidal area heavily clogged with logs.
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area Mostly pools p:r = 10:1
poorly defined, shallow (.05m) riffles. .15m / to .40m Small
Pool/Riffle Frequency (P: R. Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Alot of undercut banks, LOD and pools - extensive cover under heavy vegetation also.
Available Cover
Scarce - diversity low / terrestrial food sources.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Very little ry productivity.
Aquatic Vegetation
T=hs d dense - salt tolerant sedges, Cinquefoil, skunk cabbage, alder, trees are cedar, hemlock and
trial Vegetation spruce.

Dense - 90%.
Shading
Whole creek is rearing area - limited only by small creek size.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Probably utilized by coho only if utilized at all.

No known fishing.
Use by Fish

Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Coho only, probably utilize creek - the fry present may be excess fry (pushed out of Moss Pt. Creek
by competition for space) that immigrated over to Moss Cove Creek and that were not yet smolts.

149

Historical Escapomeml/Flsh Observed

Date Species Size Ntunbers-Live Dead Comments

6/3/81 Coho Fry Over 20

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, E. Biggs, and J. Yuska, 6/3/81

Recommended Escapement

Only coho seem to utilize this creek and there is space for only 1 or 2 redds, therefore, escapement
recommended is 2 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary

11 coho could return to Annette Island if 2 spawning pairs were successful.

150

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Moss Point Creek 101-26-003 405-04
Stream Number Geocode 2
Flow SE into Tamgas Harbor, Muskeg run-off and, lake next to 2 mi area.
1.7 miles long. Annette Natural Resoure Center. Forested and open muskeg.
Location Origin Watershed Type
None to coho, possible
6/4/81 Entire length (2700m) debris barrier (1625m) for/ Moderate - low --
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers pink and chum. Stage Flood Height
(11/24/71) Slow to 4.5m to 1.5m above .3. to .5m above
5% 8.5 cfs to 12 cfs / 1 fps to 2.5 fps/Moderate/ runway. runway
Ave. Gradient Flow Range, Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Mostly fine material with vegetation, heavy LOD and some OM
(organic matter) influence. / Stabilized by vegetation and root wads. None.
Streambank Composition /Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 11/24/71: -- -- 7.0
Above HTM 11.5C 12.5C 5.5 Clear / None Amber -- --
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. CO2

-- -- -- --
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Below runway (0-1500m): 10% rubble and cobble, 50% gravel, 20% pebbles , 20% sand. Above runway and in
Overall Stream Bottan Composition
beaver ponds mainly pebbles, mud, sand, silt and muck. In some areas, compaction is a
problem with fines mixed in gravel.
Gravel Compaction
All spawning area occurs below runways from 50-1500m; 7 suspected redds observed. 35% of 50-1500m is
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
spawnable with fair to good quality gravels = 1575m fair quality area.

None
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Most pools are small pockets behind
snags and LOD, a few large pools and beaver ponds.
p:r = 1:4 .35m to 1.5m above runway 6 x 12m / --
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Relatively abundant provided by deep undercut banks, beaver pond, root wads, overhanging vegetation and LOD.
Available Cover
Sparset near runway - below runway organic matter on creek bottom is good for chironomid larvae, (they are
present).
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Sparse - some algae on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Thick and tight riparian vegetation of mainly alder and berries; canopy is spruce, hemlock and cedar.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Intesne below 1500m - 90%, open above 1500m - 10% due to topography only.
Shading
Some excellent physical rearing habitat exists especially around runways and in beaver ponds below
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
the dirt airstrip.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho, and cutthroat utilize creek extensively; rainbow have been caught in lake.
Use by Fish
Heavy subsistence use occurs, as well as intense sport fishing (not limiting), around the airstrips.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Heavy beaver use and land otter have been spotted.

Comments and Recommendations No habitat improvements recommended.
Moss Point Creek is a major salmon producing creek on Annette Island. Alot of fair quality spawning
area and rearing area is available. Beaver dam at 1625m with a 1.25 ft drop may be a barrier to pink
and chum, but they would not utilize the creek above this point anyway. Entire creek section is used by
salmonids. Escapement counts are recommended on an annual basis.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
11/24/71 Chum Adult Several USFWS On-foot Count
Cutthroat 6 inch USFWS On-foot Count
Pink Adult 0 Several USFWS On-foot Count
1972 Pinks Adult 3670 USFWS Escapement Estimate
1973 Pinks Adult 4895 USFWS Escapement Estimate
1974 Pinks Adult 4914 USFWS Escapement Estimate
9/11/74 Pinks Adult 163 1 USFWS On-foot Count
9/18/74 Pinks Adult 1612 15 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 16 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 4 0 USFWS On-foot Count
9/19/74 Pinks Adult 2178 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 16 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 6 0 USFWS On-foot Count
9/26/74 Pinks Adult 2457 410 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 21 5 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 7 0 USFWS On-foot Count
10/3/74 Pinks Adult 1052 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 36 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 4 0 USFWS On-foot Count
10/10/74 Pinks Adult 597 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 34 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 2 0 USFWS On-foot Count
10/17/74 Pinks Adult 122 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 16 0 USFWS On-foot Count
1974 Pinks Adult 2900 0 USFWS Peak Counts
Chum Adult 40
Coho Adult 16
1975 Pinks Adult 8910 0 USFWS Escapement Estimate
8/29/75 Pinks Adults 154 24 USFWS On-foot Count
9/8/75 Pinks Adult 2456 17 USFWS On-foot Count
9/19/75 Pinks Adult 3286 357 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 0 3 USFWS On-foot Count
10/3/75 Pinks Adult 1981 1201 USFWS On-foot Count
10/17/75 Chum Adult 0 26
1975 Pinks Adult 3650 USFWS Peak Counts
Chum Adult 30 USFWS Peak Counts
1976 Pinks Adult 5063 USFWS Escapement Estimate
9/7/80 Pink (mixed with chum) Adults 400 Fish in a ball outside the creek
mouth (aerial).
6/4/81 Coho & trout 0+ Fingerling 1each - 650m above mouth
8/31/81 Pinks Adult 50 - Counted in lower creek.
9/1/81 None seen outisde creek mouth.
9/7/81 Pinks Adult 40 - Counted up to k mile up the creek.
9/17/81 Pinks Adult 1083 4 Foot count - peak count 1981.
Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, J. Yuska, C. Huntington, 6/4/81 and USFWS, 11/24/71, 5/2/72, 7/23/75 plus escapement counts.

Recommended Escapement
2625 pinks, 100 chum and 45 coho spawning pairs could utilize this creek successfully.

Potential Production Summary
Potential production resulting from this creek given the escapement above could be: 7796 pinks, 495
chum and 254 coho returning to Annette Island assuming a 10% egg-fry survival rate.

152

Lake' Figure 29. MOSS POINT CREEK
V

.N.

her eau
0
04 Vf

0
A
A4
14

U1
P
.r4 Dirt Airstrip

lu
114 16 as W1

@1500 YV\,

1200 W1

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
W
Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas 600m-

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam A(OOK

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)
3LYDW\,

50vv@,

Tamgas Harbor
Not In Scale
153

MOSS POINT CREEK Watershed No. 405-04
Stat. No. 101-26-003

0-150m Creek mouth at Om, High Tide Mark (HTM), Average
Stream Width (ASW) = 4m, Average Stream Depth
(ASD) = .10m; creek is a riffle/glide with spawning
area beginning at 50m.

150-200m ASW = 2-3m, ASD = .35-.40m - gravels are angular
and coarse. At 200m, canopy increases to 70%
with good rearing area and alot of undercuts.

200-300m Alot of fines mixed in with the gravels; there
is a pool at 300m that is 10-12m long, 5m wide
and .05m deep.

300-400m Good spawning areas here, but gravels are angular.

400-600m Still is some good spawning areas; at 600m there is
a 2 ft drop over LOD with pool built.up behind logs.

750m 4.0 cm 0+ (age - less than a year old) trout seen.
1050m Canopy opens up a little and bottom material increases
in size.

1200m Wide pools with shallow, undercut banks - spawning
material is of best quality since Om, but still
not excellent.

1500m Stream opens up into muskeg, grasses and ponds. 35%
spawning area from 0-1500m.

1625m Beaver dam with a 1.25 ft drop.
1625-1800m ASW = 1m, creek flows out of passable culvert under
dirt airstrip.

1800+m Creek above dirt strip flows out of a passable
culvert under the paved airstrip: ASW = 1.5m,
ASD = .5m (deep), the flow is slow with alot of
organic matter and fines in the sediment (no spawning
areas); excellent rearing habitat with pools to
1.5m, steep banks with undercut banks and overhanging
grasses and shrubs, and some "blown-out" abandoned
beaver dams (some LOD in channel, but not abundant).
Above beginning of culvert of paved airstrip,
creek flows from a third culvert under the airport
and through a section similar to the section
described above.

2700m At .5m above third culvert, is a lake situated
next to the old B.O.Q. building (which is the
Annette Natural Resource Center), a screen over
the culvert mouth is broken, but may partially
block adult fish passage. Coho jacks (precocious
male salmon) and trout caught in lake.

Spawning Area: No intertidal spawning area.
Above HTM, 0-1500m 1575m2 spawning area of
154 fair quality available.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Deer Creek 101-26-004 405-05
Strewn Number Muskeg run-Off, Geocode
Flow E into Tamgas Harbor, .5 mi long./- Muskeg Rond created by beaver dam./ Forested muskeg flats,
IDcation 755m from mouth to Fkigin None, except possibly Watershed Type
6/21/81 beaver dam. at last beaver dam. Moderate
n;%t Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1% .8 cfs up to 2-5 cfs
dowxL to .5 cfs (7/10/75). .5-1 fpq/-- L.75m .15m
@ve - Grad@enl . Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
ra lc'feg ba/
gmentea rock and '.a nks with
root tangles for support./ Relatively stable None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
20m above mouth 12.2C 13.OC 7.0 (7/10/75) Clear/None Brown
Sample Site Temp. -Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. OD2

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
5% cobble and rubble (trace bedrock and boulders), 50% gravel, 25% pebbles, 15% sand, 5% silt.
Overall Stream Bottom Cariposition Some fines mixed with gravels
many small gravels..
Gravul Cuij3acti(xi
Most available gravel is too small for chum and coho - okay for pinks, but some is available for chum and
SPawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM) 2
coho (probably no spawning area is avaiable above the beaver dams), 135m total areas available.

None
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area Most of the stream is riffles, runs, and glides
pools occur in bends and behind beaver dams. .20m/ to .45m Relatively small
Pool/Riffle Erequency(P:R,Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Abundant cover is provided by undercut banks, root tangles,, pools and ponds, and overhanging vegetation.
Available Cover
Scarce - some caddisflies, mayflies and diptera observed however.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some moss and algae occurs on the rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Skunk cabbage, ferns, currant, salmonberry and alder - canopy is hemlock and spruce.
Terrestrial Vegetation
98% due to rtp_@i@i@anv4jptation and canopy, decreases to 75% above 175m, mainly due to riparian vegetation.

A moderate amount is available coho probably do not utilize the beaver ponds because no spawning
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
occurs behind them and fry cannot traverse dams. However, habitat is fair below dams, but it lacks, large
deep pools.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks and coho mainly use creek, although chum probably utilize it also.
Use by Fish
No fishing known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
This stream is small, but does produce some salmon - escapement count in 1981 is impressive.

155

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/21/81 Coho Fry . 6

9/1/81 Pinks (mixed) Adults 1200 Ball counted outside
mouth (aerial count)
peak count, 1981.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, 6/21/81 and USFWS, 7/10/75

Recommended Escapement

225 pinks, 15 chum and 4 coho spawning pairs could probably utilize this creek.

Potential ProductJon Summary
Due to the number of fines in the gravel, a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed. Given the above
escapement, production potential is estimated at 90 pinks, 10 chum and 3 coho returning to Annette Island.

156

Figure 30. DEER CREEK

330m

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
overhanging Vegetation OK
'Forested Areas
Steep Stream Banks zi
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
W1-
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

Tamgas Harbor
Not In Scale 157

DEER CREEK Watershed No. 405-05
Stat. No. 101-26-004

Beach log jam (passable) with 98% shading. Below
log jam at -5m, 5 coho fry were observed in pool
Om just below High Tide Mark (HTM) at Om.

70m Small debris jam with gravels in behind jam.

115m Log in channel.

175m Shading drops to 75% (mainly from riparian-stream-
side vegetation) above this point.

180M 35m long cascade over a root tangle.

330m Coho fry observed here.

730m 1m high passable beaver dam with a 2 x 10m beaver
pond.

740m .6m passable beaver dam.

755m .8 beaver dam - passable barrier, with large pond
behind it (origin of stream). Survey ends.

Spawning Area: No intertidal spawning area.
Above HTM, 135m 2 spawning area available.

158

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Alder Creek 101-26-005 405-06

Stream Number Geocode
Flow W into Tamgas Harbor, .1 mi long. Muskeg ponds and run-off. Forested muskeg flats.
i0cation 160m above mouth to Origin Watershed Type
6/21/81 muskeg ponds. None Moderate
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Low. .5 cfs / -_ 1 fps / 1.5m lm / -_
Ave. Gradient Flow P Rancj@' Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
cfn e Ave. Velocjj@7/
High banks of veget aZd ro 2nd
110 y
Alot of LOD./ stabil z:d vegetation and rock. None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
20m above HTM 12.2C 12.OC Clear None Dark Brown
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. CD2

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
50% gravels, 18% pebble, 17% sand, 10% silt, 5% cobble.
overall Stream Bottom Composition Somewhat angular gravels with
alot of fines mixed in.
Griavel Compaction
Gravel (granitic) is small with some fines, but is okay for pinks, 25ml is available (includes
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
intertidal area) - okay for a few pinks although chum and coho could use also.

See above.
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area

Pools small
Pool/Riffle Frequericy(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Alot of LOD covers creek, along with root wads, provide a moderate amount of cover.
Available Cover
Sparse - predominately caddisfly and diptera larvae.
Aquatic ETVertebrabe-s-/Available Food Source
Some non-filamentous algae on rocks.
ACquirartic Vegetation
ant ther berries and shrubs, and alder create a very thick riparian vegetation margin. Forest is
hemlock'anod spruce.
Terrestrial Vegetation
99% due to riparian vegetation, canopy and topography (high banks).
Shading
Coho do utilize the creek.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks, coho, and probably chum utilize the creek.
Use by Fish
No known fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

- None seen.-

Comments and Recommendations
A small creek producing small numbers of salmon. No habitat improvements recommended.

159

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/21/81 Coho Fry 4 Seen in lower 30m
of creek.

9/1/81 Pinks (mixed) Adult About 20 0 In a ball outside creek
mouth (aerial count).

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntingon, 6/21/81

Recommended Escapement

Since the available spawning area is intertidal, only pinks and chum probably utilize this creek. Recommended
escapement is 42 pink and I chum spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Gravels are of marginal quality, so a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate is assumed. Potential production is
estimated at 15 pinks and I chum.

160

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Coast Guard Creek 101-26-006 405-07
Strewn Number Muskeg run-off Geocode .5mi2 in area.
Flows NE into Tamgas Harbor, .3 mi long./ and small lake next to Hatchery Forested muskeg flats.
Location Entire section - 320m Origin Annex. rshed Type
6/21/81 mouth to lake. +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed (8/24/71) Barriers Stage Flood Height
1% .5 cfs to 5.0 cfs I fps/slow to rapid 1.8m / .25m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Banks soil and heavily vegetated with alot of LOD./ Stable One small tributary
Strewnbank Canpositicn Stability Tributaries

Water Qual'ty8/24/71: 15.6C 14.4C 6.5 11.5ppm
16.OC 14.OC Clear / None Brown
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity color 5.-0-. 2
17.lppm (8/24/71) -- 63.5ppm (8/24/71) Little flooding occurs.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall

Spawning Area
Spawning gravel is present throughout stream witha small amount of fines. Old redds were observed
Overall Strewn Bottan Composition
and alot mc)re spawning area is available than in Colby Creek. Good quality - a little bit of fines.
Gravel Compaction
83m2 is available, which is quite a bit for this small creek.
Spa%ninq Area Available Above Hicjh Tide

30m2 available of marginal quality gravels.
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area Several pools occcur and one large
pool by road (3.6m deep) created by road fill.
'@ @1/Rif@fle Frequency(P':R.Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Abundant due to LOD, overhanging vegetation, beaver ponds and deep pool.
Available Cover
Relatively abundant - caddisflies and mayflies observed on rocks.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Alot of filamentous green algae.
Aquatic Vegetation
Thick riparian vegetation mainly composed of berries and alder, canopy is spruce and hemlock.
Tex,restrial Vegetation
Intense much of creek stretch - overall 50% (20% due to banks and 30% to vegetation).
Shading
Abundant good rearing habitat is available (many fry spotted); however, it is doubtful that fry get into
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
origin lake due to high beaver dam.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks, chum, and coho utilize creek.
Use by Fish
Fishing used to be heavy, but light pressure now (probably) - kids swim in pond in summer.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Heavy beaver activity.

Comments and Recommendations
Culverts on Tamgas Apt. Road are barriers to salmon at low tide; beaver dam barrier, 1.8m high, occurs
at 520m, preventing adults and fry from entering lake. This stream could produce a significant number of
salmon, however, underescapement may be occurring. Escapement counts in the creek are recommended.
Improving culvert for fish movement is recommended.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
1971 Low escapement recorded due to heavy subsistence fishing.

1972 Low relative abundance of pinks was recoreded.

6/21/81 Coho Fry 750 - Very numerous in creek.

9/1/81 Pinks Adults 300 - Two balls of fish were seen
near mouth; however, 200 in
in one ball may be returning
from hatchery release out cul-
vert near creek culvert.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/21/81 and USFWS, 9/24/71

Recommended Escapement

Recommended escapement is 188 pinks, 12 chum and 7 coho spawning pairs based on available spawning area.

Potential Production Summary
Gravel is generally of good quality so a 10% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed. Based on the above
escapements, potential production is 560 pinks, 60 chum and 40 coho returning to Annette Island.

162

Figure 31. COAST GUARD CREEK

V \d

Annett
Hatchery nnex w Lake

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
h7_1 Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

ftols

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)
4?

Pond

163
Not In Scale

COAST GUARD CREEK Watershed No. 405-07
Stat. No. 101-26-006

50m 12m wide x 50m long intertidal spawning areA with
5% gravels (30m2 total area available) of marginal
quality.

Om Upper end of culvert (passable) that goes under
the gravel Tamgas Apartment Road. High Tide Mark
(HTM) at culvert.

0-100m A large pond here 40m wide (used as swimming hole
in summer).

100-200m Stream narrows from pond to stream. A tributary
with .125 cfs flow and 10m2 spawning area enters
at 200m.

200-300m Average Stream Width (ASW) = lm, Average Stream
Depth (ASD) = .07m, with 20% gravels (20M2 spawning
area); 14 coho fry observed.

300-400m ASW = 1.5m; bottom composition: 30% gravels,
30% sand,40% pebbles (45m2 spawning area); 15
coho fry seen and rearing habitat is good in this
stretch.

400-500m Alot of algae and insects in bottom with alot
of LOD in the stream; canopy shading 50% (20%
due to banks and 30% 2vegetation). At 450m is
an old redd and 7.5m spawning area (only area
in stretch).

500m 2 coho fry seen in pool.

520m Beaver dam behind which is the creek origin,
small lake next to the Annette Island Hatchery
Annex.

Spawning Area:
Intertidal 30m2
Above HTM, approximately 83m2

164

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Colby Creek 101-26-007 405-08
Stream Number Geocode .2
Flows E into Tamgas Harbor, .7-mi long. Muskeg pools and run-off. / Forested muskeg flats, .5mi in area.
Tiocation 875m to barrier from Origin Watershed Type
6/3/81 High Tide Mark (HTM) Culvertless road at .5 mi.
Date Surveyed Secticn Surveved Barriers Stage Flood Height
2% in lower stretch, 3.5 c-fs up to 1.5 - 1.9 f a to 3.5 fps
3% near road.- 40 efs with rain (9/25/71) 1.5m to 2m .15m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
High banks (10 ft) stabil ized by root wads
and loes (heavy LOD influence). One tributary enters creek.
Streambank Canpositian Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 8/25/71: 12.8C 15.OC 6.5 9.7ppm 11.5ppm
11.OC 11.5C 5.5 Clear None Brown (7/31/79)--
Samr)le Site Temp.-Air Tmp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
17.'Ippm (8/25/71) -- 20.Oppm (8/25/71) Flashy creek, influenced by rainfall easily.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Dther/Overall

Spawning Area
Overall creek bottom is 80% gravels (mostly small, 2.5-3 inches in diameter), the rest is pebbles, sand,
Overall Stream Bottan Ccniposition
mud, and silt. Gravels "dirty" - moderate compaction.
Gravel Compaction
Two probable redds observed - 5% spawning area in section surveyed. Total available area is approximately
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
2
55m

Limited - marginal quality gravels.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area p:r = 4:1; riffles are light
and average depth = .08m .20m / to .60m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Excellent cover provided by tight and thick riparian vegetation, 40-50cm undercut banks, and some LOD.
Available Cover
None seen / Food source is primarily terrestrial insects.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce
Aquatic Veqetation
Muskeg vegetation; grasses, apple, alder in cedar, hemlock, spruce canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
30-50% shading, mainly due to canopy - creek open to just above HTM.
Shading
Alot of rearing area is available in small pools, under LOD and undercut banks.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, and coho utilize the creek.
Use by Fish
Some subsistence fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek produces a moderate amount of salmon and is limited by the small creek size and marginal
quality of the gravels. More creek area could be opened by placing a culvert in the road; however,
it is doubtful that the increase in production realized would justify the cost.

165

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
10/12/71 Pinks Adult 204 126
1972 Pinks Adult 746 USFWS Estimated Escapement
1973 Pinks Adult 2655 USFWS Estimated Escapement
9/10/74 Pinks Adult 257 7
9/19/74 Pinks Adult 546 32
Chum Adult 1 0
9/26/74 Pinks Adult 192 62
Chum Adult 2 0
10/11/74 Pinks Adult 175 0
Chum Adult 3 0
Coho Adult 5 0
1974 Pinks Adult 600 Peak Count - USFWS
Chum Adult 3 Peak Count - USFWS
Coho Adult 5 Peak Count - USFWS
1974 Pinks Adult 1092 USFWS Estimated Escapement
8/29/75 Pinks Adult 19 1
9/8/75 Pinks Adult 957 46
9/21/75 Pinks Adult 235 618
10/1/75 Pinks Adult 88 215
1975 Pinks Adult 1000 Peak Count - USFWS
1975 Pinks Adult 1380 USFWS Estimated Escapement
1976 Pinks Adult 189 USFWS Estimated Escapement
9/7/80 Pinks (mixed) 1000 Estimated ball of fish at mouth
(aerial count).
6/3/81 Coho 55mm fingerling (0+) 2 Very dark fish (due to water
quality?).
9/l/81 Pinks Adult 150-200 Estimate - ball of fish at
mouth (aerial count).
9/13/81 Pinks Adult 10 Foot count - seen in creek,

Addition Water Quality Data:

7/31/79 - Flow - .01 cfs (questionable), Temp. (water) - 14.OC, Tannic Acid - 54 mg/l
8/25/79 - Flow - 12 cfs, 9/26/74 Temp. (water) - 12.2C, 10/11/74 Temp. (Water) - 13.9C.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, J. Yuska, 6/3/81 and USFWS, 8/25/71 and Pacific Rim Planners, Inc., 7/31/79

Recommended Escapement

According to available spawning area and historical escapements, recommended escapement is 200 pink,
6 chum, and 5coho spawning pairs be allowed to spawn in this creek. Historical escapements are higher,
this is probably a harvestable surplus from the creek and strays attracted to the creek culvert.

Potential Production Summary
Assuming a 10% egg-fry survival rate (assuming gravels experience a certain amount of flushing and based
on previous production), potential production based on the above escapements is: 594 pinks, 30 chum
and 28 coho. These figures are lower than realized production during several years exhibiting the conserva-
tiveness of the estimate. In those years, marine survival was probably much higher than 2%.

166

Figure 32. COLBY CREEK

kit

I-- skeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
moverhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas 5ODvvL

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

300W\-

V1 'Deep W
Intertidal P 01

VI ky
@d @WtVC@

\L1 \it
Not In S 1. e 167

COLBY CREEX, Watershed No. 405-08
Stat. No. 101-26-007

om Upper end of culvert (passable) flowing under small
dirt road. Above 0m, is a large, deep intertidal pool.

loom Adverage Stream Depth (ASD) = .30m, banks are
undercut to .4-5m, gravels "dirty" mixed with
alot of fines.

150M High Tide Mark (HTM) above a large log across
the channel.

300m Gradient increasesand canopy increases to 30%
cover, bottom has cobble, gravel and angular boulders.
Below 300m, creek flows through a grassy meadow.

350m ASW = 1.7m

375m Stream forks under dense LOD.

400m Stream still choked with LOD, riparian vegetation
is very thick and stream velocity is moderate to
fairly high.

500m Low canopy, LOD chokes heavily undercut banks; stream
gradient moderate to high with cutthroat and
coho fry observed here and above.

600m Gradient low, better quality pools and rearing
area here; many fry spotted.

750m Canopy 30-50%, gravels are @ inch with alot
of fines mixed in; undercut banks.

850m old redds observed.

875m Rock barrier at Tamgas Apartment Road (no culvert).
From 600m, trees are stunted as area is generally
muskeg.
Spawning Area: Limited, Above HTM only about 55m 2 of patchy spawning
area is available.

168

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Hospital Creek 101-26-008 405-09
Stream Number Geocode Forested muskeg2- gently
Flows SE into Tamgas Harbor, .3mi long-./ Hospital Lake and muskeg run-off./. rolling hills. 2mi in area.
Location Entire section, Origin Log in creek is a pos- Watershed Type
6/13/81 550m - mouth of Lake. sible barrier at low flow. Moderate flow -_ I
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
at flodding up
1.5 - 2% 3.5 cfs/ to 10-15 efs. 1.5 fps / to 2 fps 4m /1.8-6.3m .1-.2m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Steep, heavily vegetated banks with some LOD influence./Stable banks None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 8/25/71: 14.4C 13.3C 7.0 7.8-9.6 3.5ppm
(1979) (8/25/71)
Above HTM 11.0c 13.OC 5.5 Clear / None Dark Brown
Samr)le Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity lor D.O. 002
17..lppm @(8/25/71) 36.Oppm (8/.25/71) 30.Oppm CaC01_0/25/71) - See next sheet for additional data.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall

Spawning Area
Large rubble/boulder (of less than 12 inch size) predominates bottom with angular gravels mixed in.
Overall Stream Bottan Composition Alot of organic floc occurs in the
upper gravels and they are angular.
Gravel Compaction
Limited; little spawning area is available for coho and steelhead (gravels are small -1.5 inch diameter
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide mark(HTM)
size predominating). Much more occurs in the lower end. Only about 50m 2occurs above HTM.
Some available, but it is limited - actually the best gravels occur intertidally, approximately 250m 2 is
Intertidal Spawning Area available.

Rearing Area p:r = 4:1, pools are located
evently throughout stream as well as the four riffles./ .30m / to .70m 3m diameter
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Kv-e. Pool -Size/Rnge
Limited except in lake area.
Available Cover
Sparse - however, diptera and trichoptera were observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available rood Source
Sparse - the thickest occur next to the lake where moss covers 10% of the bottom.
Aquatic Vegetation
A tight canopy occurs near the mouth of alder, sitka, spruce, and hemlock mainly.
Terrestrial Vegetation
60-90% due to canopy in lower end of creek; it opens up near lake.
Shading
Extensive, good quality rearing occurs in the lake, however, it is limited in the stream itself.
@@of Riearinq Area
Extent and Quafi

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, and coho utilized the creek.
Use by Fish
Some subsistence fishing occurs.
Use by Fishennen

Wildlife Present
Beaver activity at Hospital Lake; some land otter predation reported in 1971.

Comments and Recommendations
USFWS removed a log barrier, 165m up the creek on 9/15/71. At 300m, another large log that may be a
barrier should also be removed. There may be additional, unsurveyed spawning area above the lake to allow
so many spawning fish in the creek, because only a couple redd sites occur suitable for coho. This creek
is mainly a pink and chum producing stream with much of the spawning occurring intertidally.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
9/10/71 Pinks Adult 460 1 USFWS Peak Counts
Chum Adult 1 1 USFWS Peak Counts
Coho Adult 2 1 USFWS Peak Counts
1972 Pinks Adult 3942 USEWS Estimated Total Escapement
1973 Pinks Adult 3515 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
9/10/74 Pinks Adult 710 7 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 0 1 USFWS On-foot Count
9/11/74 Pinks Adult 648 9 USFWS On-foot Count
9/18/74 Pinks Adult 1835 152 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 8 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 2 0 USFWS On-foot Count
9/19/74 Pinks Adult 1105 257 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 4 1 USFWS On-foot Count
9/24/74 Pinks Adult 974 925 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 2 2 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 1 1 USFWS On-foot Count
10/4/74 Pinks Adult 2292 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 70 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 8 0 USFWS On-foot Count
10/10/74 Pinks Adult 402 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 3 0 USFWS On-foot Count
Coho Adult 3 0 USFWS On-foot Count
10/17/74 Pinks Adult 26 0
Chum Adult 1 0
Coho Adult 11 0
1974 Pink Adult 3200 USEWS Peak Counts
Chum Adult 72
Coho Adult 11
1974 Pink Adult 4584 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
8/29/75 Pink Adult 34 USFWS On-foot Count
9/5/75 Pink Adult 586 1 USFWS On-foot Count
9/21/75 Pink Adult 193 3147 USFWS On-foot Count
10/3/75 Pink Adult 2357 411 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adult 21 46 USFWS On-foot Count
10/16/75 Cobo Adult 4 0 USFWS On-foot Count
1975 Pink Adult 5504 USFWS Peak Count
Chum Adult 67 --- USFWS Peak Count
Coho Adult 4 USFWS Peak Count
1975 Pink Adult 3482 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1976 Pink Adult 1275 USFWS EStimated Total Escapement
7/18/79 Unidentified Salmonids Fry Several Seen in pools.
9/20/79 Pink Adult 600 P.R.P.I. On-foot Count
Chum Adult 10 P.R.P.I. On-foot Count
Survey(s) and Dates Conducted CONTI NUED ON SECOND SHEET
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, J. Yuska, 6/13/81 and ums, 8/25/71 and Pacific Rim Planners, Inc., 7-9/79

Recommended Escapement
In 1975, USFWS concluded that spawning area was available for approximately 3200 fish (mainly pinks).
According to the spawning area available and historical escapements, recommended escapements are 500
pink, 33 chum, and 5 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Assuming a 10% egg-fry survival because of fair gravel quality and the previous production record, potential
production estimates are 1500 pink, 164 chum and 28 coho returning to Annette Island. As with Colby Creek,
it can be seen that in many years, this potential is exceeded and shows how conservative the estimate
is. Marine survival probably exceeded 2% in those years.

170

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
9/7/80 Pinks (mainly - mixed) Adult - 3800 Ball of fish at mouth (aerial count).
6/3/81 No fish seen
9/l/81 Pinks (mainly - mixed) Adult 100-200 Ball of fish at mouth (aerial count).

Additional Water Quality Data:

USFWS: 8/25/71 - 5.0 cfs flow

P.R.P.I.: 7/18/79, Temp (Water)- 16.OC
7/29/79, Flow -.09cfs Temp. Water- 14.5C D.O.- 8.2ppm Conductivity -130 ohms/CM2
Tannic Acid - 5.8 mg/l
7/31/79, Flow- 2.72cfs Temp. Water- 16.5C D.O.-8.8ppm
8/22/79, Flow- .04cfs Temp. Water- 15.5C D.O.-7.8ppm Conductivity- 165 ohms/cm.
9/20/79, Flow - 1.26cfs Temp. Water 12.OC (Air= 10.5) Tannic Acid - 42 mg/l 2
9/24/79, Tannic Acid - 47 mg/l D.O.-9.6ppm Conductivity- 130 ohms/cm

Other: 7/25/79 - N(N03) = I.Img/l, N (NO 2 .09 mg/l, PO 4 = Near 0 mg/I

HOSPITAL CREEK Watershed No. 405-09
Stat. No. 101-26-008

Om Stream mouth.

75m High Tide Mark (HTM).

150m Passable debris jam, Average Stream Width
(ASW) = 5m, Average Stream Depth (ASD) = .1m,
canopy is fairly dense.

175m Stream Survey Station, velocity is 1.5 fps.

300m Im high log across creek (a possible barrier)
with a pool .5m deep, 3m wide; canopy shading
60% here.

400m 2 x 20 feet debris dam - probably an old beaver
dam, with good spawning area to 450m.

450m Cobble and large boulder substrate begins here.

500m Beaver dam; 10% of bottom covered with moss.

550m Lake and beaver dam; from 500m, some good gravels
and spawning area exists. Lake is good rearing
habitat.

Spawning Area: Limited, only about 50m 2 above HTM.

171

Figure@33. HOSPITAL CREEK

Hospital Lake

L
V ;J 5DOrA

q5ow\,

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas -300W\-
Steep Stream Banks til-
lot Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

HTM

Not In Scale 172 Tamgas Bay

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Powerhouse Creek 1 101-26-015 404-01
Strewn Number Geocode Muskeg flats and some
Flows S into Tamgas Harbor, 1.0 mi long'./ Muskeg ponds, springs, and run-off./ mountain foothills.
Liocation 900m above High Tide Origin Above 400m, steepness Watershed Type
6/7/81 Mark (HTM) may be velocity barrier.. Moderate Flow +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Variable: Rapid in
1.5-6% 1 cfs to 3 cfs (9/14171) 1 fRs/ upper section. 1.5m to 2.5m .10m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Sj7p d rock and vegetation in soils banks./
F rly stable with a little active bankcutting. Two - small ones.
Streambank Ccmpositicn Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Water quality
taken 9/14/71 - 12.8C 10.5C 6.0 Clear / None Brown 3@p@m
Samle Site TeW. -Air Ternp. -Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
17.1ppm 12.Oppm 10.4ppm CaC03 -_ I
Total Alkalinity Tbtal Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
15% boulder, 20% rubble, 25% cobble, 15% gravel, 15% pebble, 10% sand - trace silt and organic matter.
Overall Strewn Bottcm Composition Good quality - granitic gravels
are rounded - minimal.
Gravel Compaction
Onlv about 1.5% area is available - approximately 20m 2 area total.
Spavaiinq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

40m 2 good qual_lt area occurs just above the culvert under the B.I.A. road.
Inter-tidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Generally pools are shallow, caused
by LOD, pools in 30% of bottom, riffles in 10%. .20m to .30m
le Ave-. Po@l WJjL01t_uiqu Ave. lk@f
Pools do not provide alot of cover and banks are steep; however, root tangles provide a bit.
Available Cover
A few observed - not dense - diptera, trichoptera and ephemerotera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce - there is a little algal growth on submerged rocks.
Aquatic vegetation
Mosses and ferns, alot of currant, salmonberry, under a hemlock, cedar and spruce canopy.
Tex-restrial Vegetation
Intense - 95% due to both thick riparian vegetation and steep banks (topographical).
Shading
Some coho rearing areas are available in the lower end of the creek - but it is not extensive steep
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
gradient and sparse cover limits the rearing area available.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum and coho utilize the creek.
Use by Fish
Some reported subsistence fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

.Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Spawning area is limited, but of good quality, management of stream should be geared toward pink and
chum, due to limited rearing area available for coho, although they do utilize the creek. The power-
house tailwaters may attract more pinks than can utilize this creek, creating an overescapement. No
habitat improvement is recommended at this time.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

9/14/71 Pinks Observed in creek - not counted.
1973 Pinks Adults 100 VSFWS Estimated Total Escapement

1975 Pinks Adults 81 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement

1976 Pinks Adults 42 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement

9/7/80 Pinks mainly (mixed) Adult 1000 Seen at creek mouth, an additional
were attracted to the power-house
tailvaters.

.6/7/81 Coho 0+ Fry 3 Intertidally (above culvert) and
1 at 150m..

9/1/81 Pinks mainly (mixed) 300-400 A ball of fish was outside mouth,
some of which may have been
attracted by the tailwaters
(aerial count).

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, J. Yuska, 6/7/81 and USFWS, 9114/71

Recommended Escapement

According to available spawning area, recommended escapements are 90 pink, 6 chum and 2 coho spawning
pairs leven though historical escapement counts are higher,

Potential Production Summary
Potential production, assuming a 10% egg-fry survival rate, is estimated at 270 pinks, 30 chum, and
11 coho returning to Annette Island. The powerhouse tailwaters may be attracting an artifically high
number of pinks to this creek and/or marine survival may have exceeded 2% in a few years resulting
in the large escapement figures in past years.

174

( VI I
Figure 34. POWERHOUSE CREEK I Vf 00 WL
A ku

111"Ur- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls qDOwL

Riffles N
Spawning Areas 17
Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

�001A

B.I.A. Road
------------------ -TI-11,111/11/111

Not In Scale 175

POWERHOUSE CREEK I Watershed No. 404-01
Stat. No. 101-26-015

om High Tide Mark (HTM). Below Om is large pool
above culvert (under BIA road) and about 40m2
of good quality spawning gravels.

loom Moderate gradient, bottom is cobbles mixed in
with small gravels (too small for spawning).

llom Stream splits, tributary has an Average Stream
Width (ASW) = lm, Average Stream Depth (ASD) = 0.5m
spawning areas in tributary could be used during
high flows, whole channel is defined by LOD.

100-200m (Main Channel)
ASW = .75m, ASD = .08m (more flow and cleaner
gravels than in the tributary), large cobble and
boulders predominate in the bottom above the tributary,
lots of salmonberry on banks of creek.

200-300m Better spawning gravels occur, but are still of
marginal quality, 80% shading.

300-400m Lots of LOD from blowdown (no stumps or logging
here). From 110m; banks have gotten steeper.

400m At 400m and above, gradient increases; bottom is
all cobble and boulder and stream is a sloping
cascade Atoo steep for juvenile salmon migration).

900M Stream gets steadily smaller,fed by springs.
Spawning Area: Intertidal, 40m2 of good quality spawning area.
Above HTM, limited to about 20m 2 area.

176

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Powerhouse Tailwaters Creek 101-26-016 404-02
Strecun Number Moun@Tin -Talope G-DCOde
Flows W into Tamgas Harbor, .12 mi long'./ run-off and powerhouse tailwaters. Forested mountain slopes.
Location 175m from High Tide Origin Watershed Type
6/11/81 Mark (HTM) to road. Culvert at B.I.A. Road Moderate -7
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Low .125 cfs / -_ sluggish 1.5m / -- .05m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Flashy creek - unstable channel. None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Turbid
Samle Site Teirip.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
None taken - probably it is okay due to origin.
Thtal Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Mainly fines - mud, sand and organic debris.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
Heavy - due to fines.
Gravel Compaction
None
Spauninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

2
Of marginal quality, many fines are mixed in, however, 12.5m area exists.
Intextidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
3 pools in 175m length. 2.m 2 x 3.5m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range

Alm- of LOD occurs due t-n construction.
Available Cover
None seen.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Abundant - green filamentous algae covers 50% of the rocks and periphyton occurs on creek bottom.
Aquatic Vegetation
Skunk cabbage, ferns, mosses, salmonberry, and cedar and hemlock.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Up to 50% due to riparian vegetation and canopy.
Shading
Pools and LOD are abundant, but rearing is limited due to small size of creek and flashiness.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Probably pinks only, could use this creek if they use it at all.
Use by Fish
None known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
The creek itself is of marginal value in salmon production (although before the road was constructed
it may have been better), but the tailwaters attract alot of -fish.

177

storical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

None seen or expected.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/11/81

Recommended Escapement
None made.

Potential Production Summary
No production potential is calculated due to the marginal qravel quality and questionable use of the
creek by salmon (even though they may be present due to the tailwaters attractive to stray pinks).

178

Figure 35, POWERHOUSE TAILWATERS CREEK

.4 IVA
42

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
W
Overhanging Vegetation
"Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Send or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam -19.6wi

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

-10owk

?Ow@

7
Owl

Tamgas Harbor

Not In Scale 179

POWERHOUSE TAILWATERS CREEK Watershed No. 404-02
Stat. No. 101-26-016

25-Om Average Stream Width (ASW) = 2m; bottom composition:
25% usable gravels (marginal intertidal gravels)
30% sand, 45% angular cobble, about 12.5m2 spawning
area available. High Tide Mark (HTM) at 0m.

0-70m Three pools in this stretch 2m wide, 3-4m long,
.1-.3m deep; organic detritus abundant with very
fine anaerobic muds area choked with LOD from
road construction.

70-100m ASW = lm, slow flow over 100% sand.

125-175m 50% canopy shading with alot of periphyton on
the bottom. At 175m, blocked culvert is barrier
to fish (creek flows under the road and comes
immediately from the rock quarry).

Spawning Area:
Limited, intertidal area is about 12.5m 2

Above HTM, there is none.

180

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Powerhouse Creek 11 101-26-017 404-03

Strewn Nurber Ge-ocode
Flow W into Tamgas Harbor, 1.2 mi long.' Mountain slope run-off. Forested mountain slope.
Location Origin Watershed Type
6/12/73 Unknown Road and slash - ------
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed staq_e F 163&
.5 cfs .5 fps .9m / -_ .1m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Unkown None
Streambank Camposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
6.0 Clear / Slight
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. OD2

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall

Spawning Area
Unkown
Overall Stream Bottan Ccrnposition

Gravel Compaction
Unknown
Spauninq Area Available Above Hiqh Tide Mark(RM)

Unknown
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area

Unknown
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range

Abundant LOD.
Available Cover

Unknown
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
None known.

Aquatic Vegetation
Berries, ferns and timber.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Intense

Shading
Unknown

Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fis h and Fishermen
Historically, pink, chum and coho utilized creek.
Use by Fish
No fishing known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
Creek not even noticed in 1981 - the creek may have been blocked and partially destroyed and dispersed

by the road construction. At one time it had a good sized run. In 1973, USFWS recommends removing log
barriers. In 1981, improvements that could be conducted are rebuilding culvert allowing fish passage, and
clearing slash and perhaps trenching to encourage channelization. Benefit:cost estimate (based on
i. rP,n-PndPd_

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
1972 Pinks Adults 837 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1973 Pinks Adults 1432 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
9/5/74 Chum Adults 8 USFWS On-foot Count
9/10/74 Pinks Adults 21 15 USFWS On-foot Count
9/19/74 Pinks Adults 124 32 USFWS On-foot Count
10/3/74 Pinks Adults 606 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adults 17 USFWS On-foot Count
10/11/74 Pinks Adults 208 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adults 14 USFWS On-foot Count
10/17/74 Pinks Adults 13 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adults 1 USFWS On-foot Count
1974 Pinks Adults 638 USFWS Peak Count
Chum Adults 17 USFWS Peak Count
1974 Pinks Adults 1248 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
8/26/75 Pinks Adults 8 USFWS On-foot Count
8/29/75 Pinks Adults 3 2 USFWS On-foot Count
9/5/75 Pinks Adults 652 2 USFWS On-foot Count
9/19/75 Pinks Adults 95 913 USFWS On-foot Count
10/1/75 Pinks Adults 422 264 USFWS On-foot Count
Chum Adults 13 16 USFWS On-foot Count
10/17/75 None seen
1975 Pinks Adults 1335 USFWS Peak Count
Chum Adults 29 USFWS Peak Count
1975 Pinks Adults 1301 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1976 Pinks Adults 524 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
USFWS, 6/12/73

Recommende d Escapement

In previous years, this creek may have produced salmon, however, no escapement recommendations can
be made since no spawning area was measured.

Potential Production Summary

This creek may have been damanged and its production potential lessened by the construction of the
B.I.A. road (it does seem to have been a moderate producer of pink and chum salmon in previous years).
No potential production can be estimated without additional surveys and escapement counts.

182

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Trail Creek 101-26-018 403-01
Strewn Nurber Geocode
Flows SW into Tamgas Harbor, 1.0 mi long. Mountain slope run-off. Timbered mountain slope.
Location 350m from mouth to Origin Culvert at times and Watershed Type
6/11/81 20m falls 20m barrier falls.- Moderate
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Low-moderate 2 cfs / --. Rapid 1.75m lm / --
Ave. Gradi@i@t Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqee Ave. width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Flashy creek with unstable banks - alot of
hpalnad tranqfpr orrurq dur ing -q '@Qrms - heamy LOD influence. None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Clear / None Clear
Samole Site Teap. -Air Temp. -Wa Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
ter Turbidity probably occurs during storms.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Cobble and gravels mainly gravel bars 5-15m wide in areas. Porous gravels swallows flow entirely at
Overall Stream BottcFn Composition
times. Some occurs- most gravel is okay.
Gravel Compaction 2
25% usable gravels occur, but low egg survival is expected due to stream flashiness - 80m area total
Spawninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
occurs below culvert.

120m2 area available of marginal quality area - channel is indefinite.
Intertidal Spawninq Area

Rearing Area
Some pools - a few are deep.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range

LOD and the pools - a moderate amount available.
Available Cover
Unknown
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food source
Unknown
Aquatic Vegetation
Berries, ferns, moss and timber.
'NiFie-s6lif Vu4ct@;Cf6j@ ..... . . .. ....... ....
Intense
Shading
Limited due to the flashiness of creek and swift velocity, creek channel disappars entirely during
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
low flows.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Only pinks and chum could use the creek.
Use by Fish
None known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
LOD and slash from road construction influences channel heavily and road culvert is a probable fish
fish barrier during low flows. This stream dies up completely at times, and is of minor importance at
present in terms of production. Gravels are a bit large for spawning, but usable. This creek would make
a good interpretive and scenic trail upstream of road because of falls.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/11/81

Recommended Escapement

Because of the creeks flashiness, probably only pink and chum salmon make use of it. Recommended escapement
based on usable spawning area is 400 pink and 10 chum spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary

Because of the creeks flashiness, egg survival is low and a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed.
Potential production is estimated at 142 pinks and 12 chum returning to Annette Island.

184

Figure 36. TRAIL CREEK

Ilk'

7 vp

_Iqorn
A i5orq

r- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks ovn
V1 '41
Cascades or Falls
till 'e.

Riffles
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

Not In Scale 185 Tamgas Harbor

TRAIL CREEK Watershed No. 403-01
Stat. No. 101-26-018

-150-Om High Tide Mark (HTM) at Om, Average Stream Width
(ASW) = 4.m; bottom composition: 40% large cobble,
20% usable gravels and 40% small boulders (120m2
spawning area).

0-100m Stream completely sinks into cobbles (no flow
on the surface). Old bridge at 100m.

100-170m ASW = 1.75m, ASD = .1m, 5m wide gravel bar mixed
with cobble. At 160m begins heavy LOD due to
road construction and off channel areas. At 170m
is a road culvert (under Tamgas Hatchery Road)
that is a possible barrier at low flows.

180m Braided stream channel with evidence of flashiness.

180-300m Lots of heavy LOD and porous gravels (probably
alot of flow is lost to subsurface flow).

300m Pool in bedrock is 2 x 3m and .75m deep with
granodiorite banks and a bedrock stream bottom.

350m 20m high barrier falls. From 300m, gradient is
steep and bottom is all large cobble and small
boulders.

Spawning Area:
Intertidal approximately 120m 2 area.
Above HTM, approximately 70m 2 is available that
is probably usable only at high flows.

186

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Tent Creek 101-26-019 403-02

Stream Number Geocode
Flows W into Tamgas Harbor, 1 mi long.' Tent Lake and mountain run-off./ Alpine lake and forested mountain
location origin Several barrier falls - Watershed Type slope.
6/20/81 From mouth to road culvert. one near mouth. Low flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
3.5 cfs to 20 cfs (7/l/74)/ Swift 3.6m to 1.5-10.5m .35m / -_
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Flashy creek acts to make creek unstable - some undercutting occurs. None
Streambank Composition

Water Quality
6.8 (7/1/74) Clear/Slight Light Amber
Sanple Site Malp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color .CD2
Trace (7/l/74)
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall

Spawning Area
Below culvert: 85% bedrock, 5% boulder, 4% rubble, 3% cobble, 2% gravel, 1% pebble, trace sand.
Overall Stream Bottom @5@sit@ion -
Minimal
Gravel Ccmpaction
Limited - large rock and boulder dominate substrate.
Spawning Area Available Above Hiqh Tide. Mark(HTM)

None
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Pools occur in 15% of creek. to .9m 3m diameter or smaller
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Av._.@_Ool -Depth/R-qe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Heavy LOD and overhanging vegetation, a few undercut banks.
Available Cover
Sparse - some diptera and ephemeroptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Moderately abundant - periphyton and some aquatic mosses on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Berries and alder with a spruce, hemlock, cedar canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
intense - 99% due to canopy, thick overhanging vegetation, and topography.
Shading
Some available due to heavy LOD and overhanging vegetation; however, flashiness of creek limits rearing.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No known use of creek by fish.
Use by Fish
None known - area was used during World War Il (old pipeline and campsite are present) .
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Many creek barriers (3m one at HTM - 11 barriers total recorded by USFWS) prevent use of creek by
salmon and the great expense to put in a fish passage could probably not be justified due to the
small amount of spawning area. No improvements or enhancement is recommended.

187

Historical EscapomonlIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size NumberS-Live Dead Comments

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/20/81 and USFWS, 7/l/74

Recommende d Escapement

None made.

Potential Production Summary
No production potential was conducted because no accessible salmon spawning area exists. Trout utilize
this creek.

188

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Lower Tamgas Creek 101-26-025 402-01
Stream Number Ge-ocode
Flow W into Tamgas Harbor, .3 mi long., Tamgas Lake Alpine lake and mountain slopes.
Location Origin Weir - beyond that, cascades Watershed Type
6/11/81 440m from bay to lake. may block pink and chum. Moderate
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Moderate to steep 40 cfs 100 cfs (7/26/71) Rapid - 2-4 fps 10.5m .3m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Banks stable - bedrock, boulders and fragmented rocks - I
stabilized in places by root tangles. None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
10.6C (11/10/81) 7.0 (7/26/71)
Sample Site Temp.-Air Tamp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity (,()]or D.O. OD2
Hatchery keeps track of water quality.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
50% bedrock, 20% boulders, 15% rubble, 10% cobble, 5% gravel, trace pebbles and sand.
Overall Stream Bottom ConWsition None - although gravels are
somewhat angular.
Gravel Compaction
Limited because of predominately cobble and boulder substrate - 25m maximum, area is available.
Spauning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

None
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area
Some deep plunge pools (below cascades) occur.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool DeFt-h/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Limited
Available Cover
A f ew - mayf lies and diptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Periphyton and moss on rocks are relatively abundant
Aquatic Vegetation
Some riparian vegetation - mainly is timber (hemlock, spruce and cedar).
Terrestrial Vegetation
45% - due mainly to topography.
Shading
None for coho (plenty available in lake above). Some available for steelhead and trout in riffles.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Sus ected Use of Stream by fish and Fishes-p
m%n
Weir across creT prevents salmon migration; nowever, _ coho and steelhead are allowed over the
barrier, Cutthroat and Dolly Varden utilize creek and lake.
Use by Fish seining is allowed).
Limited creek - used mainly by Tamgas Creek Hatchery (some dipnetting and beach
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Use of creek is restricted and controlled by the hatchery and it is recommended that in future years,
coho and steelhead are allowed to pass in numbers recommended for escapement to spawning creek-s--aE-ove.
Rearing area in lake is abundant. 189

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
8/6/80 Sockeye Adults 60 Seen in creek and above in Lake.
6/11/81 None seen
911/81 Pinks mainly (mixed)- Adults 100 Ball of pinks noticed outside
creek.
As of 11/10/81 Pinks Adults 2322 (males)
2626 (females) Tamgas Hatchery Weir Count
Chum Adults 143 (males) Most of pinks, chum and many of
130 (females) the coho were hatchery reared.
Sockeye Adults 800 Sockeye and steelhead number is
Coho Adults 1134 from natural production. (More
Coho Jacks 333 coho are still coming in.)
Steelhead Adults 13
Dolly Varden Adults Hundreds

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington and E. Biggs, 6/11/80 and USFWS, 7/26/71

Recommended Escapement
Sockeye are not allowed in the lake anymore due to hatchery disease control procedures, so no escapement
recommendations will be made for them. other salmonids namely coho, utilize this creek only as a migration
passage on their way to upper lake tributaries. No recommendations will be made.

Potential Production Summary
Limited to trout, Dolly Varden and steelhead from the creek itself. Other production comes from upper
tributaries, Tangas Lake and Tamgas Creek Hatchery.

190

Figure 37. IA)WER TAMGAS CREEK

Intake for Hatchery

Tamgas Lake

Idj-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas
Steep Stream Banks 390W1
Cascades or Falls

Riffles
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars -3001,1`1
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

1z
I Isom
k

80
T.
fill

Tamgas Creek Hatchery 0 Vn HTM

Not In Scale 191

MENNEN MENEEMEMEN

LOWER TAMGAS CREEK Watershed No. 402-01
Stat. No. 101-26-025

Om High Tide Mark (HTM), fish weir is here. Below,
intertidal area is predominately cobble and boulders,
no spawning area.

0-150m Cascades and falls (passable) with a few deep
plunge pools (one pool has a gravel tailout available
for spawning.

150-185m Deep run.

185-275m Two large pools occur between a deep run.

275-300m Riffles and pools.

300-380m Riffles and runs with a small amount of angular
spawning gravels of fair quality.@ A bedrock pool
occurs at 380m.

380-440m Riffles and runs. Gabion dam opening to lake
at 440m; there is a small patch of gravel at the
head of the Gabion. Hatchery water supply intake
is approximately 100m to the north of the creek
head.

Spawning Area:
Limited, approximately 25m 2maximum (bottom is
mainly cobble and boulder).

192

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Upper Tamgas River 101-26-027 402-03
stream Number C'e0code Timbered mountain slopes
connects Upper and Lower Tamgas
Lakes, .5 mi long. Upper Tamgas Lake and a little muskeg area
Location Origin Watershed Type (10mi2 area)
8/19/72 Entire stream At 225m, 9m falls -(Flood plain 12-30m) +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
3iO% 3.0 cfs 2.5 fps / Rapid 10m / 4.5-22.5m .35m
Ave. Gradi F Ranqe Pve. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
en g@yw_ no
Steep banks t2.5m h heavily vegetatea
Pro-ion./ stable (some flooding occurs None
Streambank Ccinposition / Stability Tributaries

Water Quality Date sampled 8/19/72
13.3C 17.1C 6.8 Clear / None Trace
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
Trace 60ppm NaCl 5.14ppm free CaC03 -- I
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
10% boulder, 20% rubble, 40% cobble, 25% gravel, 5% pebble, trace sand, trace organic matter.
Overall Stream Bottan Canposition

2 Gr'71 Ccmpaction
Excellent spawning area, approximately 1100m area is currently available (USFWS recommended allowing
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
1500 so ckeye spawners escapement).

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spauninq Area

Rearing Area p:r = 25-75%, riffles are less than
.45m deep, few pools (they occur behind LOD and near banks). to 1.2m Small to moderate in size
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R-Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Little overhanging vegetation - some pools available, some undercut banks and side channels.

Available Cover
A few - diptera and trichoptera larvae seen.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
None
Aquatic Vegetation
Muskeg grasses; spruce and hemlock.
Terrestrial Vegetation
70% shading due to brush and timber.
Shading
Some cover is available, but rapid creek velocity and bouldery cascades limit area - plenty is available
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
in lake below.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Coho, cutthroat and Dolly Varden use stream; sockeye used to use it (before Weir was put in).
Use by Fish
Possible light subsistence fishing, but doubtful that fishing still occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
No habitat improvement is recommended (a fish passage over the falls would not increase production

that much). They stated that the creek was definitely underutilized (recommended 1500 sockeye escapement).

193

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
9/20/71 Sockeye Adult (average 6 lbs.) 1204 In creek
Sockeye Adult 100 At creek mouth
8/19/72 Sockeye Adult 450
8/73 Sockeye Adult 35
8/1/74 Sockeye Adult 194
Coho Fry Few Seen below lower falls.
8/6/80 Sockeye Adults 60 Probably utilized this creek
and Lea Creek (observed in
Fall '81 See Weir Count for Lower Tamgas Creek Lower Tamgas Creek).

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
USFWS, 9/20/71, 8/19/72, and 8/1/74

Recommended Escapement

Based on the USFWS surveys, 94 coho spawning pairs could utilize this creek (however, that estimate
is probably high). Sockeye are not allowed to utilize Tamgas Lake anymore.

Potential Production Summary
lCombined with Lea Creek)
530 coho could potentially return to Tamgas'Creek resulting from production in this creek (assuming
a 10% egg-fry survival rate since gravel quality is unknown).

194

Figure 38. UPPER TAAGAS RIVER Section 1

Continued

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
tForested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

W
%W
\J1
Not In Scale 195 Tamigas Lake

UPPER TAMGAS RIVER Watershed No. 402-03
Stat. No. 101-26-027

1. Barrier to fish passage.

2. Continued in second section.

*NOTE: Survey and map completed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service in 1974.

196

Fiqure 39. UPPER TAMGAS RIVER Section 2

W?-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
1orested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

Not In Scale 197

UPPER TAMGAS RIVER (CONTINUED)

3. Continued from previous map.

4. Gravel bars, spawning area.

5. Thirty foot barrier falls.

*NOTE: Survey and map ccmpleted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service in 1974.

198

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Lea Creek 101-26-026 402-02
11L
eF Number Geocode
W into Lower Tamgas (66 acres in area)
Lake, .5 mi long. kountain slope run-off. Steep, timbered mountain slopes.
Location 72m from mouth Origin Watershed Type
9/12/73 to barrier. 12m falls 72m up creek.. -- +2 f t
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
50% 3.2 cfs/ -- .5 - 1 fps 2.4m .3m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
None
Streambank Ccmpositicn Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above Mouth 11.0C 7.5C 7.0 Clear / None
SaMDle Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
17.7ppm
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
50% rubble, 30% boulders, 20% gravel.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
40$ spawning area - 70m 2 total available area. Gravel Ccmpaction
Spauninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spaiwninq Area

Rearing Area Very few pools (one .6m
deep pool at base of falls).
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R.Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range

Available Cover

Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce
Aquatic Vegetation
Thick riparian vegetation with timber.
Terrestrial Vegetation
30% shade due to vegetation, with an addition 50% due to canopy.
Shading
Limited
Extent and 5 @lity of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Not known/ none observed.
Use by Fish
Not known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
No fishing in stream- no recommendations for habitat improvement. Prod. Summary included with

Upper Tamgas River form.

199

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

9/12/73 None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
USFWS, 9/12/73

Recommende d Escapement

Based on the USFWS estimate of available spawning area, 6 coho spawning pairs is the recommended escapement.
Sockeye are not allowed to utilize Tamgas Lake anymore.

Potential Production Summary

Assuming a 10% egg-fry survival rate since gravel quality is unknown, the production potential estimate
is 44 coho returning to Tamgas Harbor orginally from this creek.

200

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

West Campbell Creek 101-24-030 311-02
Stream Number Geocode
Forested mountain slopes and
Flows SE into Campbell Slough Mountain run-off and springs. forested muskeg areas. (110
Location 3100m to end of good Origin Barrier cascades Watershed Type acres in area).
6/9/81 habitat. at 750m. Low flow +1.2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
2.5% below 750m, (8/10/73) Below 750m =4.5m
2-10% range 4.5 cfs/ up to 9 cfs 1 fps variable/.5-2.5 fps/ fps / Above = 2.75m 15m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Sloped banks with brush (steep above 750m) / Stable Two major forks, two minor tributaries.
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality Water sampled 8/10/73
-- 14.4C 12.2C 7.0 Clear / None Brown -- --
Sample Site Temp. -Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. CO2
17.1ppm -- -- --
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Below 750m: (bottom copmposition is slightly different in the major forks) - 1% sand, 4% pebbles, 20%
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
gravel, 20% cobble, 15% rubble, 15% boulders, 25% bedrock. Above 750m: 1% sand,/ Angular gravels and
1% pebble. 13% gravel. 15% cobble. 20% rubble, 20% boulders, 30% bedrock. / some compaction.
Gravel Compaction
675m2 of fair quality area currently available (plus 70m 2 in tributaries), 605m 2 potential area occurs
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
above barrier falls(above 750m, creek has steep reaches of bedrock and boulder with "benches" of good
good quality gravels and rearing area).
650m 2 marginal quality gravels.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area In forks = .30m/to 1.2m
Fairly abundant pools. 1m / to 1.75m In tributary - 2 x 3m/ --
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
A fair amount of LOD exists along with some undercut banks and root tangle.
Available Cover
Abundant below 750m, sparse above 750m: trichoptera (especially Glossosoma), ephemeroptera and diptera
observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Abundant algae and moss on rocks and filamentous algae.
Aquatic Vegetation
Muskeg vegetation and forest.
Terrestrial Vegetation
60% due to topography, a little riparian vegetation and canopy (up to 95% in tributaries).
Shading
Some LOD, overhanging vegetation, undercut banks and pools create a fair amount of rearing area, the
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
best occurring from 400-575m; however, rearing area is a limiting factor to coho production, not spawning
area, More rearing and spawning area is available in tributaries.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho and cutthroat currently utilize this creek.
Use by Fish
Light subsistence fishing with some hunting in the fall occurring.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Deer sign abundant - Canada Geese roost in slough.

Comments and Recommendations
Good quality spawning and rearing area occurs in both the main channel and in the forks. A fish
passage at 750m could open up more spawning and rearing areas, a benefit: cost study would be
recommended. As it is, the creek produces some, but not alot of pinks and chum and can only
accommodate a few coho spawning pairs.

Historical Escopeme nlMsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
8/10/73 Coho Fry A few USFWS Foot Count
8/24/74 Pinks Adult 71 USEWS Foot Count
9/11/74 Pinks Adult 720 USFWS Foot Count
Chum Adult 6 USFWS Foot Count
9/20/74 Pinks Adult 734 ill USFWS Foot Count
Chum Adult 25 5 USFWS Foot Count
9/30/74 Pinks' Adult 235 USFWS Foot Count
Chum Adult 41 USFWS Foot Count
1974 Pink Adult 1468 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
6/9/81 Coho Fry 100 Spotted in East Fork Tributary
Trout Adult (over 5 in.) 1 Spotted in East Fork Tributary
Coho Fry Few Spoted at mouth of North Fork
Tributary
9/l/81 None seen outside creek or in slough. Aerial count
9/25/81 Pink Adult 56
Chum Adult 0

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/9/81 and USFWS, 8/10/73

Recommended Escapement

Recommended escapement based on currently available spawning area is 2200 pinks, 145 chum and 10 coho
spawning pairs. Historical escapements indicate a low survival of offspring, whether due to poor gravel
quality and other detrimental freshwater factors, or low marine survival.

Potential Production Summary

Based on the above escapements and assuming a low egg-fry survival rate of 1.2% due to the poor gravel
quality, production potential estimates are: 785 pinks, 86 chum and 7 coho returning to Annette Island.
Obviously, this is a conservate estimate, as escapements have exceeded that in previous years.

202

Figure 40. WEST CAMPBELL CREEK

East cajnpbell rpe

H-17H -3

aopm

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles @N
Spawning Areas 0orn 3-75wi
Pools
Cobble or Boulders @00M
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam 5bwl
Large Organic Debrls(LOD) 1711

26 Om
-706m
,;L,150M I's 0
W

Not In Scale 203

WEST CAMPBELL CREEK Watershed No. 311-@-02
Stat. No. 101-24-030
-400m Point at which West Campbell Creek joins East
Campbell Creek in Campbell Slough.
-225m Creek forks, tributary is.the East Fork of West
Campbell Creek, 80% spawning area intertidally to Om.
0-50m (East Fork) High Tide Mark (HTM) at 50m, creek flows through
small cascades.
150m (East Fork) Passable debris jam.
160m (East Fork) Debris pile.
200m (East Fork) Probable barrier, 400 rise in 5m, over bedrock
cascades.
0-475m (East,Fork) Mainly bedrock cascades, 4-10% gradient, .6 cfs
flow; creek is 85% shaded.
475-800m Lower stream gradient and good spawning (less than
1.5%) and rearing habitat (muskeg area); 8 inch
trout spotted near 800m. (End of survey.)
Om (Main Channel) HTM.
0-750m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 4.5m, 20% gravels overall,
some areas, 300-325m and 350-385m are 90% bedrock;
tributary (North Fork West Campbell Creek enters at
375m); best rearing and spawning area'(over 75%
spawning gravels) is from 400-575m. Log jam with
.3m drop at 650m. At 750m is a 2m high probable
barrier cascade with a 4% gradient above it;
probably no coho get above this.
0-50m (North Fork) 2m falls without plunge pool at 50m, fork begins
at 375m, main channel.
550m (North Fork) Debris jam, probable barrier.
600m (North Fork) Debris jam barrier.
50-750m (North Fork) Gradient lowers, good rearing and fair spawning
areas.

750-850m (Main Channel) 90% bedrock.
1100-1160m 90% bedrock, a 2m high and 10m wide bedrock cascade
occurs at 1100m with a 60m of bedrock channel to 1160m.
1450m .5m falls with 2.5m plunge pool.
1850m Tributary comes in, no spawning area, but some
rearing area.
2200m Tributary comes in, no spawning area, but some
rearing area.
2300m Series of cascades.
2550m Debris jam with deep plunge pool.
2650m lm falls with deep plunge pool.
2725-2800m Passable falls with cascades.
2950m 3.3m high debris jam with gravels and a definite
barrier.

750-2950m 13% gravels overall, ASW = 2.75m.
3100m Alot of boulders and bedrock, no more good spawning
or rearing habitat here or above.
Spawning Area: Intertidal Area 650m 2spawning area available.
Above HTM, 0-750m 675m2 spawning area available.
750-2950m 605m2 potential area above
204 present barrier.

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

East Campbell Creek 101-24-032 310-01
Strewn Ni r cle@
Flows SW into Campbell Slough, Steep timbered and bedrock
LC7 fi@ong- Mountain run-off./ hillsides and forested muskep- areas. (195 acres
a@ 4300m from mouth to Origin None to coho - at 600m Watershed Type in area).
6/8/81 above fork. falls may block pink and chum./Moderate to low. +2.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed (8/15/73) Barriers Stage Flood Height
4- 3.5 cfs / up to 19 cfs/ 1 fps 4.8m / -- .45m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Dirt and rock heavily vegetated, some undercutting/Relatively stable./ Three with a fork at 3600m
Streambank Ccmpositicn. Stability Tributaries
Water Quality 8/15/73: 11.1C 13.4C 7.0 Slight Turbidity -- -- -- I
150m above mouth 11.1c 9C 5.5 Clear None Amber --
Samle Site Memp.-Air TEmp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
17.1ppm (8/15/73)
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
20% spawning gravels (much of which is angular - slate), 20% cobble, 20% boulders, 30% bedrock, 10%
Overall Strewn Bottcm Ccoposition Some tines and some angular gravel-s-,
rubble, and trace fines - many gravel bars occur. but relatively clean in general.
7811m2 area total is available. Gravel Compaction
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

An excellent intertidal spawning channel exists 650m2 total area.
Intertidal Spawninq Area

Rearing Area pools frequent and caused by bends
in stream, boulders, and fallen timber. .9m / up to 1.5m 4.5 x 4.5m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R.Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some LOD occurs, upstream, overhanging vegetation gets thicker.
Available Cover

Abundant
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Some algae
Aquatic Vegetation
Thick riparian vegetation (thick alders) - in a cedar and spruce canopy.
@st=ial Vegetation
75% shading mainly from the riparian vegetation; the rest is from canopy.
Shading
Upstream (upper end) alot exists, especially in off channel areas under LOD, thick vegetation and in
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
side pools.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho and probably cutthroat utilize this creek.

Use by Fish
Little to no subsistence fishing occurs. Hunters use creek and slough.

Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Many deer tracks (3 spotted) - Canada Geese roost in slough.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek could be a major producer on Annette Island. Alot of good to excellent quality
spawning and rearing area occurs. No habitat improvements are recommended.

205

Historical EscapemenlIFIsh Observed

Date Species size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

8/15/73 Pink and Chum Adults Spotted, not counted.
1974 Pinks Adults 4556 USEWS Estimated Total Escapement
1975 Pinks Adults 22,319 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1975 Pinks Adults 9319 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
6/8/81 Coho Fry Numerous
9/1/81 No fish seen in creek mouth or slough. (aerial count)
9/25/81 Pink 25 6 (underescapement why? - possibly
Chum due to commercial fishing at mouth?)

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, J. Yuska, 6/9/81 and USFWS, 8/15/73

Recommended Escapement
Recommended escapements for this creek based on available and accessible spawning area and coho rearing
area are 4300 pinks, 235 chum and 150 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
An overall survival rate of 10% egg-fry will be assumed to the fair-good quality gravels occurring.
Production potential for this creek is estimated at 13,000 pinks, 1200 chum and 850 coho returning
to Annette Island. Obviously this potential can be exceeded in good years; however, it seems that
creek production has been much lower than potential in recent years.

206

Figure 41. EAST CAMPBELL CREEK

fo A4-@03*k

3(000VY% V1 V

tat

0-coo

W vt--. Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas sv
Steep Stream Banks III
T9 00 M (tit
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas -1700M

Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Send or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam LV

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)
800"1 10000L

q0DK
450YK

3jDrA

U,
cam 411 Slough 207 Not In Scale
OWL

EAST CAMPBELL CREEK Watershed No. 310-01
Stat. No. 101-24-032
-600M Campbell Slough mouth.
Om Beginning of excellent intertidal spawning area.
0-75m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 8m Average Stream Depth
2
(ASD) = .08m, 90% usable gravels (540m spawning area).
75-115m ASW = 5.5m, 50% usable gravels (110m 2 spawning area),
High Tide Mark (HTM) at 115m.
115-150m Heavy LOD, less than 5% usable gravels.
150-250m Bedrock cascades (low gradient) and pools, Heavy LOD at
150m with less than 5% gravels above. ASW = 5m, ASD = .3m.
At 250m tree across creek may be a barrier at low flows -
creek has steep stream banks; 6m wide pool, lm deep above log.
250-310m 5% spawning gravels above pool at 250m, first order tribu-
tary enters (very steep gradient, flows over bedrock). At
310m, top of bedrock cascade with alot of gravel bars, LOD,
root wads, generally good rearing area.
310-400m ASW = 4m, ASD = .2m, with 7m long gravel bars, 35% spawning
gravels.
450m 1.5m falls here may be a barrier to pink and chums.
475m ASW = 3m, ASD = .25m, alot of pools here with less than
5% usable gravels (poor quality gravels, too flat and
angular).
600M Cascading falls over bedrock (not a barrier).
700m ASW = 3.5m, 5% gravels; coho fry observed here.
800-900M ASW = 4.5m, low gradient, 30% spawning gravels with gravel
bars.
900M ASW = 4.5m, gravels decrease to 5%, numerous "backwater"
areas available for rearing.
1150M ASW = 3.5m, ASD = .3m, less than 5% spawning gravels.
1400m Low gradient, 5% spawning gravels in pockets.
1400-1700m Muskeg area (much skunk cabbage in and around,creek).
1700-1750m ASW = 3.5m, 30% spawning gravels.
1800m 1.25m cascade through a fair amount of LOD.
2000m ASW = 3m, ASD = .08m, 90% usable round gravels including
3m gravel bars.
2200m Excellent spawning and rearing area with alot of off
channel areas with 6m wide pools, lm deep; 75% shading.
2500m Muskeg tributary enters, with 50% usable spawning gravels.
3000m Stream banks flat in muskeg with a narrow band of riparian
vegetation, alders, cedars, and spruce. There are still
50% usable gravels, but they have some fines mixed in.

3600m Stream splits into two 2m wide tributaries, each .08m deep;
50% usable gravels, cedar dominate with riparian vegetation.
4100m (East Fork) Gravel gone as creek flows into muskeg and fine
sediments; 50% gravels from 3600-4100m.
4300m (West Fork) Gravel gone, bottom all fines; 50% gravels from
3600-4300m.
Spawning Area: Intertidal area 650m2 Total Area
Above HTM 7811m2 Total Area
208

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY. SUMMARY

Annette Point Creek 101-24-079 309-01
St Nunber Ge-ocode
FlWstraight into Felice Strait, Forested mountain slopes
3 mi long. Mountain run-off, springs./ with reaches of exposed granite out-_
location Origin ers
croMpatagPedIRracres in area.
6/9/81 4300m above mouth Falls at 4300m Low to moderate + 2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed @ier@s Stage Flood Height
1.5% (increases in (9/25/72)
11aerend). 14 cfs / to 18 cfs 2 fps to rapid 5-6m / 3-9m .15m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Gravel, bedrock and boulder heavily vegetated./Well defined, stable channel./ None
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/28/72: 7.2C 6.7C 6.8 probably
Above HTM 18.5C 7.5C 6.0 Clear / None Slight Amber high
S, TaV.-Air Ttmp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O.
wnple Site C02
9.5ppm (9/25/72) 8.13ppm (9/25/72) Water quality looked good.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
40-60% gravel, 10% cobble, 10% boulder, 20% bedrock (foliated - high in quartz), some sand.
Overall Strewn Bottom Composition
Minimal - good, clean gravels here.
Gravel Ccnipaction
Some excellent quality spawning channels exist with some occurrences of gravel bars, approximately m
Spauninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
area is available.

80% gravels intertidally, 720m available area good quality.
Intertidal Spauninq Area

Rearing Area Some deep pool exist from 36-3800m
p:r = 1.5-2 in lower reaches. .55m / up to 1.5m 10m in diameter
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
LOD increases as you go upstream with a few undercut banks and deep pools; a moderate mount occurs.
Available Cover
Relatively abundant, especially upstream; diptera, heptagenids and mayflies observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source - - --- -----
Sparse
Aquatic Vegetation
Currant, salmonberry, devil's club and alder under a spruce, cedar and a few hemlock canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
40% at 350m, average overall is about 50%, much of it due to overhanging vegetation.
Shading
Some, but not alot, of good rearing exists in the main channel - alot of the available area exists in
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
the tributaries and in a few braided channels.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum and coho utilize this creek.
Use by Fish
Some light subsistence fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Some beaver activity is evident.

Comments and Recommendations
Annette Point Creek is one of the major salmon producing creek on Annette Island due to the magnitude and
quality of the spawning and rearing areas and due to its large size. No improvements are recommended.

209

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
9/25/72 Pink Adults 2400 USFWS On-foot Counts
Chum Adults 350 USFWS On-foot Counts
9/11/74 Pink Adults 1420 USEWS On-foot Counts
Chum Adults 38 USFWS On-foot Counts
9/20/74 Pink Adults 2278 104 USFWS On-foot Counts
Chum Adults 224 29 USFWS On-foot Counts
10/3/74 Pink Adults 1055 USFWS On-foot Counts
Chum Adults 521 USFWS On-foot Counts
8/24/74 Pink Adults 64 USFWS On-foot Counts
Chum Adults 4 USFWS On-foot Counts
1974 Pink Adults 2382 USFWS Peak Count
Chum Adults 550 USFWS Peak Count
8/21/75 None seen
8/28/75 Pink Adults 5600 57
1975 Pink Adults 5657 USWFS Peak Count
6/9/81 Coho Fry (some up 45mm) Over 100 seen Very abundant
9/1/81 Pinks mainly (mixed) Adult 300-400 -- Ball of fish outside creek mouth
(aerial count)
9/24/81 Pink Adults 3236 310 This years escapement looks good.
Chum Adults 93 92
Coho Adults 2

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs and J. Yuska, 6/9/81 and USFWS, 9/25/72

Recommended Escapement

Recommended escapement based on available spawning area and rearing area is 2670 pink, 175 chum and
25 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
With the excellent quality gravels occuring a 20% egg-fry survival rate can be assumed. 15,860 pinks,
1730 chum, 280 coho could potentially return to Annette Island based on the above escapements.

210

Figure 42. ANNETTE POINT CREEK
to
3500M

g5o0m

qqoowt

aDC)OrA

MoOm

\kx\
0.

1'350r&

iworA
W ur--- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
qoC)r&
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
till

Riffles
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

fjTfA

Not In Scale 211

ANNETTE POINT CREEK Watershed No. 309-01
Stat. No. 101-24-079
-150-Om 80% spawning gravel (720m of spawning area) High Tide
Mark (HTM) at Om.

0-100M Bedrock riffle.
100-250m Spawning gravels on bars (8 x 4m = 32m 2 area), with 10m
wide pools.
350m Average Stream Depth (ASD) .2m; side channels have ex-
cellent gravels and cover (from LOD and banks). Gravel
bar area, 14 x 4m = 56m2 spawning area.
600m Steep banks (40 ft high).
650-900m Average Stream Width (ASW) = llm, ASD = .1m, bottom composi-
tio'n: 10% gravel, 50% large cobble, 20% bedrock, 20% boulder,
(1275m2 available spawning area). Tributary at -900m (second
order) with a .5 cfs flow, good rearing habitat and a 30m2
spawning area.
900-950m l1m2 gravel bar, with 15% usable gravel bottom (52m 2 area
total). 2
1050M 5% spawning area; 20m area. 2
1050-1200m Alot of LOD, 15% usable gravels (90m spwaning area).
1200-1350m Braiding occurs 2with excellent rearing habitat, ASW = 4m,
ASD = .2m (192m spawning area).
1350-1600m ASW = 6m, ASD = .15m, 15% gravels (225m 2spawning area);
braiding ends.
1600-1700m Bouldery cascade flowing through a gorge; 1.3m falls at
1700m, but it is not a barrier to coho (but could be to
pinks and chums).
1800M Gorge ends, 1.5m fall above. 2
1850-2000m ASW = 4.5m, ASD = .2m, 20% gravels (135m spawning area).
2000-2100m Channel braids under LOD with alot of rearing habitat (coho
fry seen); ASW = 11m, ASD = .09m; 80% spawning gravels in-
cluding llm wide gravel bars (88OM2 spawning area).
2100-2200m ASW = 5m, ASD = .2m - no braiding (50m 2 spawning area).
2200-2350m More braiding2occurs, ASW = llm, ASD .09m, 80% spawning
gravels (880m spawning area).
2350-2400m Braids end, 10% usable gravels (120m spawning area).
2400m Bedrock cascade.
2425m Braiding begins, ASW = 5m, ASD = .15m, 80% gravels (200m 2
spawning area).
2500m Bedrock cascade. 2
2650m Bedrock ends, ASW = 5m, ASD = .2m, 10% gravels (25m spawning
area).
2700m 1.3m cascade.
3000m lm bedrock cascade.
3100m 2m high, 10m long (very shallow) bedrock cascade.
3300m Cascades continue.
3500m LOD, less than 5% gravels.
3600-3800m Pockets of gravel (less than 5% total) between cascades
and deep pools (50m2 area total).
3800m Steep gradient; gorge begins above this point.
4300m 10m falls barrier.
Spawning Area: Intertidal 720M 2 spawning area.
Above HTM 3222m spawning area.
212

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Lesser Indian Rock Creeks 101-24-081 309-02
strewn Number C-10c0de Steep timbered and exposed
Flows SE into Felice Strait, .5 mi long. Mountain slope and muskeg run-off./ rock slopes and muskeg areas.
Iocation 700m from mouth (up Origin Stream flows into Watershed Type 35 acres in area.
6/20/81 both forks). muskeg at 700m. Moderate
Date Surveyed Section Surv Barriers Stage Flood Height
1.0 c a South Fork/ -
Moderate 1-9 rfg Nnrtb Fnrk@ Slow - moderate 1.5m. .2-.4m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Muskeg soils with some undercutting - not much LOD
-in.Eltiences. I Stable, well-defined channel. Stream-forks at 20m, one tributary in
Strewnbank Composition Stability Fr_:Su_t@i@ies North Fork.

Water Quality
Above HTM 10.5C 11.5C 5.5 Clear / None Brown
Sanple Site Teup.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
This water is mainly muskeg drainage.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardnes Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
About 20% gravels, 30% pebbles, 10% boulders, and cobble, 20% sand, 20% silt.
Overall Stream Bottom Ccuposition Some, especially near where
fines occur.
Gravel Compaction
60m. area exists in the South Fork and 125m in the North; 187m area exist total.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

50% spawning gravels, 300M 2 total area available.
Intertidal Spawninq Area

Rearing Area Pools are sparse, but some
deep pools are created in muskeg areas.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
By undercut banks and muskeg "land bridges" not much there.
Available Cover

Sparse
Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food source
Alot of moss occurs on rocks in the lower reach.
Aquatic Vegetation
Huckleberry, azalea, skunk cabbage, and grasses in a cedar, spruce canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
40% overall, 10% due to banks, and 30% due to vegetation.
Shading
Not much is available due to lack of cover and pools, and small size of creek.
Rxtent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Probably only utilized by pink and chum.
Use by Fish
No*fishing is known on this creek.'
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None

Comments and Recommendations
This creek probably produces mainly pinks and does not produce large numbers. No improvements are

recommended.

213

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/20/81 None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/20/81

Recommended Escapement

Based on available spawning area, and gravel quality, recommended escapement is 812 spawning pairs
of pinks only.

Potential Production Summary
Due to the compacted gravels, a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed. 290 pinks could return
to Annette Island originating from this creek. 214

Figure 43. LESSER INDIAN ROCK CREEKS

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
Riffles NI
4PC Spawning Areas

Pools
'toOrA Cobble or Boulders
an or rave ars
V/ Beaver Dam q00WL
Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

-30DWL

V1
�50fti 10. V,

1_00 W1
\Ij ::..,
% , I
\Y

X, kv
ts@ ... %A

V
-100 01

Not In Scale to -300M 215

LESSER INDIAN ROCKS CREEK Watershed No. 309-02
-300m Cabin Stat. No. 101-24-081

-100-Om Intertidal area, Average Stream Width (ASW) = 6m,
50% spawning gravels. High Tide Mark (HTM) at Om.

0-20m ASW = 5m, 80% boulders and 20% cobble; stream splits
at 20m.

20-50m (South Fork)
ASW = 2.5m; bottom composition: 50% boulders,
50% cobble, less than 5% gravels.
50-150m (South Fork) 2
ASW = 1.5m, 30% gravels (45m spawning area).

150-300m (South Fork)
ASW = lm; bottom composition: 10% 2gravels, 40%
pebbles, 10% cobble, 40% sand (15m spawning area).
At 300m, stream is covered with muskeg,"land bridges"
(roots and vegetation).

400m (South Fork)
Stream splits into muskeg.

20-100m (North Fork)
ASW = 3m, stream incised in muskeg like soils,
with deep pools and a moderate gradient; bottom
composition: 30% sand, 30% gravel, 40% pebbles
(72m2 spawning area).

100-200m (north Fork)
ASW = 1.5m, moderate gradient, pools deep, stream
flows through muskeg and under "land bridges 2
30% gravels, old redd observed at 150m, (45m
spawning area).

200-300m (North Fork)
ASW = Im, ASD = Am, stream deep and narrow, less
than 5% gravels.

300-400m (North Fork)
ASW = .5m, ASD = .4m; less than 5% gravels.

400-500m (North Fork)
ASW = lm, all mud/silt/sand substrate, no gravels;
low gradient. At 500m, 70% pebbles in pockets,
10% gravels (10m2 spawning area).

600m (North Fork) Less than 5% gravels.

700m (North Fork) Stream splits into muskeg.
Spawning Area: Intertidal 300m2 spawning area
Above HTM 187m2 spawning area

216

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Indian Rock Creeks (North & South Forks) 101-24-083 308-01
Strem NuTber C`e0c0de Timbered and exposed rock
Flows SE into Felice Strait, .5 mi long. Steep mountain slope run-off./ mountain slope with some areas of
Tocation origin Watershed Type
muskeg. (35 acres in area).
6/20/81 to 550m above mouth Barrier falls up both forks. Moderate Flo, +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
5' North F'ork/ 5.5 cfs North Fork Moderate up to 2.5 fps/ 4m North Fork/-- .35m North Fork
1* Rmith Vnrkj9_71 6.5 cfs South Fork/- I fps in @nrfh_Fjark Fork/-- _15m South Fnrkl-
Ave C.Eac . Flow / Rawe A -. /Range i6@m@ kd/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
p .@7it n areas, some lMity
Ste; undercu banks av.2 Voge
LOD influence in lower 250m./ Relatively stable overall.' Stream forks at HTM: 4 tributaries in
Streambank Canposition / Stability Tributaries South Fork.

Water Quality 8/24/73- 13.3C 11.1c 6.5 Turbid Brown
10.5C 11.5C Clear / None Brown
Sample Site TeW. -Air TEsnp. -Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
17.1ppm (8/24/73)
Thtal Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved E@1_ids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
South Fork: 10% bedroc@,5% boulders, 20% rubble, 35% cobble, 20% gravels, 5% pebbles, 5% sand, trace silt.
Overall Stream Bottan Carposition
Nurth Fork: 30% bedrock, 35% boulders, 20% rubble, 15% cobble. Moderate due to fines.
Gravel Ccnipaction
25m2 patchy and of marginal quality in both forks.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Kiik_jfrSfj-----

2
5% spawning intertidally; approximately 80m 0 f marginal quality area is available.
Inter-tidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Pools occur around bends and under/ .5m North Fork up to 1m
LOD, p:r = 2:3 (below clay banks- South Fork). .25m South Fork up to .5m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P;R. Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
A little LOD and a few undercut banks in lower end - limited.
Available Cover
Sparse in both forks.
Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food source
Sparse: a little algal growth (filamentous) in the lower end to 50m in the South Fork.
Aquatic Vegetation
Some skunk cabbage, devil's club, currant under a spruce, cedar and hemlock canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
5% in lower end (due to banks); above 50m, 85% (bothforks) due to forest and banks and a little riparian
Shading vegetation.
In North Fork, rearing is limited due to swift velocity and lack of cover. In South Fork,
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
fair habitat occurs in lower 250m due to LOD and undercuts, but swift velocity is limiting poor above 250m.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Probably only pinks and chum utilize creek if at all.
Use by Fish
Even though there is a cabin present, no known fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek is of marginal value for salmon production - no improvements are recommended.

217

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
8/24/73 None seen

6/20/81 None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/20/81 and USFWS, 8/24/73

Recommended Escapement
Based on spawning area available and gravel quality, only 175 spawning pairs of pinks could probably
utilize this creek.

Potential Production Summary
Due to the marginal gravel quality, only approximately 62 pinks could be expected to return based on
a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate and a 2% ocean survival.

218

5:50M Figure 446 INDIAN ROCK CREEK(North and South Forks)
600M

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
A
Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas
400ffl Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

W
V Riffles
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

L
L

-loom

kit @5061

vi
14

Not In Scale
219

INDIAN ROCK CREEK (North and South Forks) Watershed No. 308-01
Stat. No. 101-24-083

-160-Om 5% spawning area intertidally (80m area); bottom
is mostly gravel and clay at mouth, with gravel and
rubble prevailing toward High Tide Mark (HTM) at Om.
Stream forks intertidally at Om.
0-50m (North Fork) Riffles
140m (North Fork) Series of steep cascades.
160m (North Fork) 3.5m falls, a probable barrier.
0-50m (South Fork) Salt tolerant sedges and flat banks here.
65m (South Fork) Undercut spruce roots with a bottom of mostly
cobble.
75m (South Fork) 7m2 spawning area at pool "tail-out".
loom (South Fork) Two logs over channel.
115m (South Fork) Trickle tributary comes in.
130m (South Fork) LOD jam.
150m (South Fork) Small LOD pile.
175m (South Fork) 12m2 area good spawning riffle.
215m (South Fork) Steep tributary enters channel.
225m (South Fork) Small south bank slump.
230m (South Fork) Two logs across creek.
250m (South Fork) Debris jam - clay banks to 260m.
275m (South Fork) Stream stepped over LOD and rock; predominately
cobble and rubble bottom, banks are rocky
with root tangles.
315m (South Fork) Bedrock and boulders at a 5% gradient to 350m;
small tributary trickles in.
350m (South Fork) Begin cobble and rubble bottom; rocky banks with
some muskeg; below 350m, banks are heavily over-
grown with moss and ferns.
400m (South Fork) Root tangles from large live trees in channel
(creek moves around a bit).
420m (South Fork) Tributary cascades in (steep) - no spawning or
rearing habitat.
465m-500m (South Fork) Cascades, 5% gradient bedrock channel.
500m (South Fork) 1.5 cfs flow tributary with impassable falls.
40m above mouth (no spawning or rearing).
550m (South Fork) 10m barrier falls.
Spawning Area: Limited
Intertidal Approximately 80M 2 area
Above HTM Approximately 20m area

220

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Beaver Creek 101-24-086 306-01
Strewn Number Timbered slopes/ Geocode Timbered and open muskeg
Flow NW into Kwain Slough, .5 mi long./ and muskeg run-off./ flats and gently sloping hilsides. (3.4mi2
Location origin Falls up East Fork - Watershed Type in area).
6/13/81 620m. above mouth none in East Fork. Moderate
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
2% above cams
_5% in forks - 1.25 cfs .5 fps above dams 1.5m. (above dams)ki _@,n ,ghove dams)
V
Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Depth/Ranqe
Ave. Gradient Flow
Extensive LOD influence with grassy and woody banks
flooding due to beaver dams - otherwise stable channel. This creek is a fork of Kwain Creek,
Streambank Canposit-ion Stability Tributaries it forks at 530m above mouth.

Water quality
At mouth 15.OC 12.OC Clear / None Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002

Thtal Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Above beaver dams: 35% gravel, 15% rubble, 5% boulder, 20% cobble, 10% pebble, 10% sand, 5% silt, 5%
Overall Strewn Bottcm Caniposition
organic matter (OM). In beaver ponds, mainly mud and OM. Some occurs, but not bad.
spotted, 250m 2 2 Gravel Compaction
14 obvious redds were total area is available; 225m of it below the lowest beaver dam.
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HIM)
(More may be available in unsurveyed section of West Fork).

Not applicable (covered in Kwain Creek Survey).
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Beaver ponds and LOD pools
abundant. p:r = 3:1 - excellent for coho. See stream maps.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R,Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Extensive cover available from heavy LOD load, undercut banks, deep pools and debris from beaver activity,
Available Cover
Abundant: Dipterans, trichop_Lerals, and some ephemeropterans (ponds full of tadpoles).
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available F(x-)d Source

Moderate amount of algae occurs on rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Lower creeK - grasses and sedges, in upper creek, dense currant, berries, devil's club under alder,
cedar. hemlo k and spruce canopy.
Terrestrial vegetation
80% from topography, some riparian vegetation and forest vegetation.
Shading
Excellent, this creek probably has the most extensive (considering creek size) and best quality rearing
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
area of any creek on the Island - due to heavy cover, low gradient and channel braiding (alot is available
above and below the dams).

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Coho utilize entire creek, pink and chum use mainly the lower end.
Use by Fish
No known fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Heaviest beaver influence on creek observed on Annette.

Comments and Recommendations

This creek produces 2000+ coho smolts annually and.should be protected and managed as a major coho stream.
Do not disturb beaver dams and check dams for passability annually.

221

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
6/13/81 Coho Fry Over 150 below first dam!
Two or three thousand
could rear in this creek.

9/21/81 Pink Adults 6 On-foot Count

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/13/81

Recommended Escapement
Based an the available spawning area (including unsurveyed area in the upper west fork) and extensive
rearing area, recommended escapements are 375 pink, 25 chum, and 18 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Gravel quality is fair, so a 10% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed. Production potential from
Beaver Creek is 1115 pinks, 125 chums and 102 coho returning to Annette Island.

222

Figure 45. BEAVER CREEK

K in
wa
S lough, Drn

3,;LOrl

3-45vy)
W Iup- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Vorested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
lilt
Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders '51.0m

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

Not In Scale 223

BEAVER CREEK Watershed No. 306-01
Stat. NO. 101-24-086

Om Mouth, where Beaver Creek flows into Kwain Bay Slough.

0-85m 225m2 spawning area belo w first beaver dam at 85m;
.2m high beaver dam passable at high 2flow, 30 x 110m
pond about 2.5m maximum depth (3600m rearing area).

210m Second beaver dam passable at high flow, 26 x 110m
pond, 2m maximum depth (2200m2 rearing area).

320m Third dam passable at high flow, 55 x 30m pond,
2m maximum depth (1650m2 rearing area).

375m Fourth dam passable at high flow, 30 x 85m pond,
1.5m maximum depth (2550m2 rearing area).

460m Uppermost end of beaver dams and ponds.

490m Two old redds here.

510m 20 x 10m pool formed by old dam.

460-530m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 1,5mt Average Stream Depth
(ASD) = .20m, 35% gravels (26m4 spawning area); stream
forks at 530m.

530-600m (West Fork)
Channel is extremely choked with riparian vegetation,
although spawning could occur above thicket (it
is passable).

530-620m (East Fork)
Barrier at long, steep cascade in bedrock - some
good gravels above this, but no fry observed.

2
Spawning Area: Total area is approximately 2250m , mainly above
HTM, however, in lower 225m there may be some
salt water influence.

224

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Kwain Creek 101-24-087 306-02
stxlealm Number Mountain run- Geocode (3.4 mi 2in area)
Flows NE into Kwain Bay, 1.4 mi long./off and Kwain Lakes below Tamgas Peak./ Steep timbered mountain slopes.
Location Origin Watershed Type
6/13/81 1200m from mouth Falls at 675m Low flow +2 ft
Date Surve 0
.yed Sect-ion "ed Barriers ocA.He ght
less than . ge falls/Below HTMY1 a@ e falls
Intertidal: (6/21/72) 5m a9@9ve
Above HTM 2% 7.5 cfs up to 8.1 cfs/ Variable/1-3 fps 4m below falls/4-30m .20m below falls to.6m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Ran Ave. VelociV/Ranqe Ave - Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Soils, mud and clay (rock upper eg@ heavily vegetate - minor
T.OT) Tnfluancp above HIM./ Vegetation stabilizes channel. -Beaver Creek'Forks intertidally, Creek
Streambank Composition Stability Ft:A-)-k -1t -a 1--i-c-s-
forks again at 1100m.

Water Quality 6/21/72: 13.OC 7.OC 8.1 Turbid (10.0ppm)
15.OC 12.OC Clear / None Very slight 1O.Oppr
Amb r
Sample Site Temp. -Air Temp.-Water Clarity/Turbidity Color 3 D.O. OC12
10-Oppm (6/21/72) 8.56 ppm (6/21/72) Resistivity = 47,169 ohms/cm
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/overall

Spawning Area
Intertidally: 10% silt, 20% sand, 10% pebbles, 55% gravels, 5% cobbles. Below Falls: 5% bedrock, 20%
Overall Stream, Bottom Composition
boulders, 25% rubble, 30T cobble, 10% gi@avel 5% pebbles 5% sand aqd fines. Falls to 350m: 2% cobble,
55% gravel, 8% pebbles, 20% sand, 10% silt. lbove 350m: @57 rubble./ Some occurs with presence of fines.-
5572cobble, 15% gravel, 5% pebbies. Gravel Compaction
lom _ limited area below falls; above falls - extensive spawning habitat occurs between
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
150-300m; 500m 2 fair quality, 200m 2 good quality and 100m 2excellent quality - totalling 800m 2 potential
area.
By low-level aerial photography: 3250m 2area available (3450m 2 fair quality area estimated by conventional
Intertidal spawning Area survey technique).

Rearing Area Overall p:r = 1:2, pools Above falls .30m/ up to
created by LOD, bends in creek and root tangles./ Below falls .25m/ .75m
Frequency (P: R, Rat AV TRepth/R ze/Range
rgn2e
g,.g vAve-.pQo.1,Si
1@@10,Mtrl y - some-undercut tDalhks are available. %bopITA ove a eget
LOD and root tanQles provide a moderate amount.
Available Cover
Abundant intertidally: amphipods and isopods. Above HTM: fairly abundant; predominately ephemaroptera.
Aquatic Invex@tebrates/Available Food source
Sparse - some filamentous algae occurs.
Aquatic Vegetation
Devil's club, salmonberry, and timber (spruce and hemlock) above HTM. Sedges, grasses, and herbs intertidally.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Less than 5% below HTM. 90% to barrier, 25% above barrier to forks, 90% above forks.
Shading
Some exists intertidally for pink and chum fry; limited coho habitat except above the barrier falls
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
where a moderate amount occurs. Most area is suited best for pink and chum.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho and cutthroat currently utilize this creek.
Use by Fish
Some subsistence fishing and hunting occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Beaver activity and mink observed.

Comments and Recommendations
Currently there is extensive spawning area available for pink and chum, the creek being one of the major
producers of salmon. However, more area could be opened by putting in a fish passage (modifying the barrier
cascades at 125m) - the rearing area above the falls may be the limiting factor to coho production.
A benef,it-cost analysis would be desirable.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
Escapement records sine 1955: ADF&G and tSFWS Report that up to 25-50,000 fish have been observed
in this creek.

6/12/72 Pink Fry Not counted
1974 Pink Adults 1522 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1975 Pink Adults 12,486 USEWS Estimated Total Escapement
1976 Pink Adults 5888 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
8/5/80 Coho Fry 50 Water temperature recorded at 20C!
Cutthrat Fry 25
9/4/80 Pinks with 1% Chum Adults 3500 Spawning in creek slough below falls
On foot Count
9/7/80 Pinks mainly (mixed) Adults 6000 Aerial count seen in slough.
9/1/81 Pinks mainly (mixed) Adults 300-400 In slough Aerial count
100-200 In ball below creek mouth
9/26/81 Pink 1279 358 On-foot Count
Chum 0 1 On-foot Count

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, J. Yuska, 6/13/81 and USFWS, 6/21/72

Recommended Escapement
Using theestimate of spawning area estimated by low-level aerial photography and computed spawning
area available recommended escapements are 5420 pink and 355 chum spawning pairs. Coho probably do
not utilize this fork.

Potential Product *ion Summary
Based on a 10% egg-fry survival rate due to the fair gravel quality, potential returns to Annette Island
from Kwain Creek are16,100 pinks and 1750 chum. Cohc fry spotted in this creek are probably overflows
from Beaver Creek. However, much potential coho spawning and rearing habitat occurs above the barrier
falls with a 68 coho spawning pair and 400 coho adult return production potential.

226

Figure 46. KWAIN SLOUGH AND CREEK

wain
owl Bay

It
W

@,q '41 W \4
V1 V/ W

\WU W Ul
u/

\11 V1 V1
Vf Vq

Nil ut W
Aj\
W \d
kl/ ul ul \V
W

eaver Creek

r Ill, jw"Vr- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Isom Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders
00nq Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

Not in Scale 227

KWAIN BAY SLOUGH AND KWAIN CREEK Watershed No. 306-02
Stat. No. 101-24-087

Om Mouth of creek is bedrock, boulder cascade flowing in-
to Kwain Bay. Just above Orr@ creek is very wide and
slow flowing (too slow for spawning). Spawning
area begins where creek narrows into channels.

500m High Tide Mark (HTM), intertidal spawning area
flows through an open, grassy (sedges, forbes, and
rushes) slough.

500-675m Cobble, boulder riffle (10m 2 spawning area); at
675m is a 1.5m steep (400 rise) falls over bedrock,
a probable barrier to salmon.

750m Tributary enters with good coho rearing area to
60m (.5 cfs flow).

850m .5 cfs flow tributary enters in; the best spawning
area in creek occurs from this point, downstream
to the upper end of the falls at 675m.

1075m Upper limit of good spawning area.

1100m Heavy LOD and overhanging vegetation - stream bottom
mostly rubble and cobble; stream forks.

1200m (East Fork) 3m chute and cascades (barrier). End of survey.

1175m (West Fork) Stream splits again - one tributary has a 2m
falls with no plunge pool, and a cascade on the main
channel poses a definite barrier. End of survey.

Spawning Area:
Intertidal (majority of area avitilable)
0-'@00m 3450m2 Total Area
Above HTM 500-675m lom2 Current Available
Above barrier at 675m 800m Potential Area
(3520m2Area Available Intertidally, Estimated by Low-Level
Aerial Photography)

228

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

South Crab Creek and Slough 101-24-094 305-01
St.remn Number c@eocode Steep forested and exposed
Flows NE into Crab Bay, 2 mi long. Purple Lakes - mountain run-off./ rock slopes and al ine-valleys and
WuWrsN.A Type lakes.
r iq in
2800m above Nork Crab 0
6/13-14/81 Creek Fork 8m falls at 2800m Relatively low +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Staqe Flood Height
.5* in slough Below TITM 30m/--
1-2' in rrppk 20 cfs/up to 70 cfs 1.5 fps/ 1-3 fps Above 16.5m / -- .1 / lip to @QR-6-
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Grassy banks in slough, heavily vegetated soils and rocks above/
stabilized by vegetation - low LOD influence - some flasbiness- One int-prtidnIly (hpqjdi@q N Crah rreek
Strembank Composition Stability Tributaries Fork) None above HTM.

Water Quality 8/l/72: 19.OC 12.15C 7.5-7.7 12.Oppm
In slough 13.3C 18.5 C 5.5 Clear / None Slight Amber
SaMDle Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color 3 D.O. CD2
Trace (8/1/72) 10.0ppm (8/l/72) 8.56ppm (8/l/72) Resistivity = 46,169 ohms/cm
Thtal Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Intertidally: boulders, cobble and sand in lower end of slough, in channels, pebbles and small gravels
Overall Stream Bottom Cqmposition
(increasing in size up slough) prevail. Above HTM: gravels mixed in/ Some due to silt and sand
with cobble, cobble, boulder and eventually bedrock. i All ____D one above HTM_
Grave I Compac4 ion 2
Gravel size increases with cobble, but is still good. Most gravels occur below 2000m, 9610m total
Spauninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(IaN)
available. (Many gravel bars occur and may indicate flashiness).

An immense amount of area is available. By low-level aerial photography: 12,000m area (approximately
15,000m2 estimated by conventional survey techniques).
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Some pools intertidally; however, they are sparse.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool.Depth/ W Ave. Pool Size/Range
Undercut banks are only cover intertidally. LOD and undercut banks occur above HIM.
Available Cover

Abundant intertidally: isopods and amphipods are common. Moderately abundant above HTM: simulids (blackflies)
Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food Source are common.
Algae (brown periphyton) common and some marine algae intertidally. Moss occurs on rocks above HTM.
Aquatic Vegetation
Sedge, grasses and herbs intertidally. Above HTM is berries, alder and hemlock, spruce and cedar canopy,
TL,xrestrial Vegetation
0% intertidally. 40% above HTM mainly due to canopy.
Shading
Many coho fry seen in a moderate amount of rearing area. Intertidally some occurs in undercut banks
Extent and QuaflE@' of -Rearing -------
for pink and chum fry (abundant food exists).

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, coho and cutthroat utilize creek (rainbow in Purple Lake).
Use by Fish
Light subsistence fishing recorded and some hunting.
use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Deer, wolves, mink and marten have been observed. Canada Geese feed in the slough.

Comments and Recommendations
Excellent pink and chum spawning grounds and extensive freshwater rearing and spawning habitat for coho
make this creek one o the top two producers of salmon on Annette island. No habitat improvement is
recommended; trying to make lower or upper Purple Lake available would require more than one fish
passage, altho`ugh it could be stocked with excess fry for rearing and a benefit cost study would be
desiral5le. -

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
10/14/71 Pink and Chum Adult 30,000 approximately Varies from 25-50,000 -
USFWS Estimate
Coho Adult 100 or less every year
1974 Pink Adult 4348 USFWS Estimated total Escapement
1975 Pink Adult 21,309 USFWS Estimated total Escapement
1976 Pink Adult 15,672 USFWS Estimated total Escapement
1973 Rainbow Fry 12,000 Stocked in Purple Lake
1974 Rainbow Fry 36,000 Stocked in Purple Lake
1975 Rainbow Fry 50,000 Stocked in Purple Lake
9/7/80 Pinks Adults 4000 Aerial count - estimated from
fish in slough.
Chum Adults 500 Aerial count - estimated from
fish in slough.
6/13/81 Coho Fry over 50 Many more uncounted ones observed.
9/1/81 Pinks Mainly (mixed) Adults 300-400 Aerial Count - fish counted in
slough - many uncounted carcasses
seeen.
9/21/81 Pinks Adults 12,800 134 On-foot Count Peak
Chum Adults 42 65 On-foot Count Peak

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, J. Yuska, 6/13-14/81 and USFWS, 10/14/71, 8/1/72

Recommended Escapement
Based on the spawning area estimated by low-level aerial photography and conventional survey technique
and on historical escapements, recommended escapements are: 6500 pink (that will be very site-selective)
and 390 chum spawning pairs intertidally. In the freshwater section of the creek, spawning area is
available for another 6000 pink, 140 chum and rearing area for 15 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Assuming an overall egg-fry survival rate of 10%, potential production is 37,125 pinks, 3120 chums
and 141 coho returning to Annette Island. Most of these fish are probably intercepted in Seine and
Gillnet fisheries around the Island.

230

Figure 47. CRAB BAY SLOUGH AND SOUTH CRAB CREEK

IAr-. muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
lilt Cascades or Falls W
I Riffles N
Spawning Areas
Pools W
W t W
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam W \4
Large Organic Debris(LOD)
ul

V North Crab
W Om Bay Creek
A -Continued
V W Dwi
- \4 \4

It \.4 kil
W \j/
W q00 W

k W W

\J1
D

\J4
W
kit W
V W
\it

W
Vq
em \V \A

\41 \At

Crab Bay

100or'l HTM
Continued VY Small;
flTW Tributary
Not In Scale 231 A

SOUTH CRAB CREEK Watershed No. 305-01
Stat. NO. 101-24-094

Om Point at which North Crab Creek splits off; no spawning
areas below this point intertidally (channel below
Om is mainly boulder and cobble). Small tributary
entering main channel on south end of the slough
is 200m long from High Tide Mark (HTM), has a .5
cfs flow and about 3-10M2 spawning area.

0-400m (South Channel)
No usable gravel here.

400-700m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 18m, Average Stream
Depth (ASD) = .3m, 30% spawning gravels (1620m2
spawning area.

700-100m ASW = 36m, ASD .1m, 90% spawning gravels (9720m
spawning area). HTM at 1000m. (Continued, second
section.)

0-400m (North Channel)
ASW = 11-12m; bottom composition 70% spawning 2
gravel, mixed with pebbles and some mud (3080m
spawning area).

400-600m Gravels become finer with sand, mud and shell, and
is no longer good for spawning.

400-880m 10% spawning gravels (624m 2 spawning area).

Spawning Area: Intertidal area is 15,044m 2 spawning area in slough,
3-10m2 in small tributary.
12,000m2area available (CONTINUED,
Estimated by Low-Level SECOND SECTION)
Aerial Photography

232

Figure 4'8. SOUTH CRAB CREEK

000in

-UODM

I
IVr- skeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
V Muerhanging Vegetation
Ov
'Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
AMC Spawning Areas 17som -1-YO 01
Pools -12 0'0 YVI
Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD) i9!50m

-300W,

Qq00M

goom
Not In Scale 233

SOUTH CRAB CREEK (CONTINUED)

1000-1200m HTM, ASW = 40m, ASD = .08m, 90% spawning gravels
(7200m2 spawning area).

1200-1350m ASW = 15m, ASD = -1m, large cobble present, but
still 50% spawning gravels (1125m2 spawning area).

1350-1400m ASW = 15m, bottom composition: 30% gravels, 50%
cobbles, 30% small boulders (150m2 spawning area).

1400-1500m ASW = 17m, ASD = .1m, 20% spawning gravels (170m 2
spawning area), some undercut banks.

1500-1700m ASW = 8m, ASD = 6m, bottom has alot of boulders
with 20% spawning gravels '(560m2 spawning area).

1750-1800m Bedrock riffle; trees make up majority of riparian
vegetation.

1950-2000m Bedrock riffle with a spawning area at 2000m.

2050m Waterfall 1.5m high, all bedrock, but not a
barrier.

2300m 40 ft high banks (like a gorge) over creek; bottom
has 4 and 5m gravel bars, making bottom 20% spawning
gravels (180m2 spawning area).

2400-2800m Less than 1% usable spawning gravels, bottom all
bedrock with an 8m barrier falls at 2800m.

Spawning Area: Above HTM 9610m2 spawning area total

234

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

North Crab Bay Creek 101-24-095 305-02
Stream Number Geocode Forested and exposed granite
Flows SE into Crab Bay, .8 mi long. Mountain slope run-off and springs. / slopes and alpines valleys.
Location 1250m from mouth Origin Falls and flows in Watershed Type70mi2 in area.
6/13/81 to barrier. sandstone at 1250m. Low flow +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Low (1-2%) 1.5 cfs / -- .2-1 fps 9M / -- .08m / --
Aved, Gra@Uen / Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
San -@aw
mud an@ clay wiFth grasses and sandstone
upper end./ Some active undercutting but generally stable. This creek is a fork of South Crab
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries Creek - it has one tributary.

Water Quality (12.OC in upper end)
Intertidally 13.3C 17.OC 5.5 Clear / Slight Light Amber
Samle Site Temp. -Air Temp.-Water Th- CETr ity /Turbidity D.O. C02
Water probably gets very silty during heavy rains.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
In lower sections: silt, clay and sand Dredominate. Some small gravel occur fartber up - gravels of
Overall Stream Bottcm Cmiposition Moderate compaction due to
marginal quality for spawning. heavy accumulation of fines.
Gravel Ccnipaction
Only 50m2 occurs above HTM and this is of marginal quality.
Spalkninq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Approximately 560m 2 of poor - marginal quality area, only suitable for pinks, occurs.
Intertidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area
Very few pools.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some cover available in undercut banks and LOD over 1100m - limited.
Available Cover

Amphipods and isopods are numerous intertidally. Scarce above HTM.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Sope-br.own_p@!riphy@S)n,.maFine algaes and.mosses.
Aquatic VoqeWtion
Mainly estuarine - sedges, grasses and herbs. Wooded area begins above 1100m.
Terrestrial Vegetation
0% in lower section, 10-20% above 1100m.
Shading
Some rearing area occurs intertidally because of undercuts, LOD and low velocity and gradient. Limited
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
above 1100m.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink and chum utilize creek if at all (and these are probably overflow from South Crab Creek). Coho may
Use by Fish use, but not extensively.

No fishing known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
See South Crab Bay Slough.

Comments and Recommendations
This is mainly a pink and chum stream; however, coho may use some of the upper gravels (or fry may just
wind up here after flooding or competition for space occurs in South Crab Creek). This creek produces
small numbers of salmon because of marginal quality spawning areas and limited rearing areas.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

Most counts previously were combined with South Crab Bay Creek's counts.

6/13/81 Coho Fry A few

9/21/81 Pinks Adults None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska. E. Biggs, 6/13/81

Recommended Escapement

Pink and chum probably only utilize this creek if Crab Bay slough overflows, and even if they did,
survival would be low due to the poor gravel quality.

Potential Production Summary
None calculated, too many fines occur in the bottom.

236

Figure 49. NORTH CRAB BAY CREEK

UP Ivt-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

V1 Pools
Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars
.100 ol Beaver Dam
:1050M c Large Organic De .bris (LOD)

V
C150
j

q00r,1
\.q

kit
w
;A7-

South Crab Bay 0 M
Creek and Slough-od7'*'&-@
Not In Scale ul
237@

NORTH CRAB CREEK Watershed No. 305-02
Stat. No. 101-24-095

Om Point where North Crab Creek forks off from Crab
Slough.

0-250m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 9m; marginal gravels,
compact and small.

600m Gravels increase in size, but a compact and fine
gravels are still present, 10% usable spawning
area; ASW = 9m (180M2 spawning area).

700m Silt covers 30% clay, deposits present, with 20%
gravels (180m2 spawning area).

900M Gravels form a thin layer covering clay, less than
5% usable.

950m Tributary enters with 5m spawning area at mouth.

950-1050m Pronounced bank instability.

1100m ASW = 7m, ASD =.08m, bank instability increases;
still is a high percentage of fine sediment in
bottom.

1100-1250m Some LOD present; at 1250m, stream ends in a 2
narrow high cascade through a sandstone cave (200m
spawning area).

Spawning Area:
Intertidal 360m2 approximately spawning area
Above HTM 200M2 spawning area

238

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

South Blunt Mountain Creek 101-24-096 304-01
Stream Ntuber Geocode
Flows NE into Revilla Channel, .4 Steep forested and
I Mountain sloDe run-off. exposed granite slopes.
3@@ 450m above mouth origin Watershed Type
6/20/81 to barrier. Falls at 450m.
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed variable Barriers Stage Flood Height
Moderate to Steep. 9 cfs (7/6/76)/to flashy/ 1 fps / variable 4.5 m .25m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe

One main fork at 60m.
Streambank Canposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above HIM 12.3C 9.OC 7.0 (7/6/76) Clear / None Slight Amber
Sample Site TeFrp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. OD2

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/Overall

Spawning Area
Above 250m - ail bedrock and boulders. Mainly cobble and boulders with less than 10% gravels._
Overall Strearn Bottan Composition
Intertidally, gravels increase to 50% in areas. -Minimal - no fines.
Gravel Canipaction
Stream's flashiness may limit egg survival although some gravel bars exist. 133m2 area avail--ible
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark
fair quality.

250m2 area available of fair quality spawning gravels.
Intertidal Spawninq Area

Rearing Area

DIS
iffle Frequency(P:R. Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Ran(je
Some LOD occurs and channel braiding.
Available Cover
Sparse
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Sparse
Aquatic Vegetation
Blueberries, salmonberry, devil's club, ferns under a hemlock, spruce and cedar canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Shading is moderate from banks, overhanging shrubs, and canopy.
Shading
Limited due to flashiness of creek and limited amount of area. Some is available, however.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks and chum are known to spawn here.
Use by Fish
No fishing known.

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Not much could be done to enhance this stream for salmon production. The stream's flashiness may limit
production by disturbing gravels during incubation.

239

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

7/6/76 None Seen

6/20/81 None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/20/81 and USFWS, 7/6/76

Recommended Escapement
Based on available spawning area, recommended escapement is 510 pink, 45 chum and to coho spawning
pairs

Potential Production Summary
Due to creek flashiness, a low in-gravel survival rate 1.2% is assumed. Potential return of adults
from this creek is 182 pinks, 28 chum and 8 coho.

240

Figure 50. SOUTH BLUNT MOUNTAIN CREEK

Felice
Strait

/.*,Wi-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation 0
Vorested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles
Spawning Areas W

Pools
of Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
r
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

200

3500,

Not In Scale 45orn 241

SOUTH BLUNT MOUNTAIN CREEK Watershed No. 304-01
Stat. No. 101-24-096

150 to -50m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 5m, 50% spawning
gravels (250M2 spawning area).

-50-Om No gravels, bottom is all cobbles and boulders.
At Om High Tide Mark (HTM) and here there are 10%
gravels, 50% cobble, and 40% small boulders.

0-50m ASW = 5m, with 6m wide gravel bars, 10% gravels (55m 2
spawning area).

50-100m ASW = 4m, 10% gravels (20m 2 spawning area), with
alot of LOD in the stream. At 60m, a tributary
enters, ASW = 1.5m, with 20% gravels, 50% cobble,
30% boulders; tributary is 200m long at which point
gravels become insignificant (60m2 spawning area
total in tributary).

100-200m Gravels are less than 5% of the area, stream banks
are unstable, LOD is common and channel braids;
bottom is mainly cobble and boulders.

200-250m ASW = 3.5m, 10% gravels, 60% boulder, 30% cobble
with a moderate gradient (17.5m2 spawning area).
At 250m, stream enters a steep bedrock and boulder
gorge.

275m 1.5m falls - may be a barrier to pinks and chums,
but coho may be able to traverse it.

350m Cascades end, but channel is still moderately steep
with less than 5% gravels.

450m Gorge ends with a 3m falls, a definite barrier
to salmon, little or no spawning gravels above 250m.
Spawning Area: Intertidal 250m2 spawning area
Above HTM 133m2 approximately spawning area

242

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

North Blunt Mountain Creek 101-24-097 304-02
M
S Number Ge-ocode
oTnSE into Revilla. Channel, A small lake Steep forested and
.7 mi long. and mountain slope run-off. exposed granite slopes.
Location To falls at High Tide Origin 10m falls at Watershed Type
6/20/81 Mark (HTM) TL t
4e_Mark e
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Intertidally = Flood Height
Steep 3 cfs (7/6/76) Fast 2.4m/ 6m .2m / -_
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Rance Ave. Depth/Range
Rock / Stable
Streambank Composition Stability @utaries

Water Ouality
At HTM 12.3C 11.0C 6.5 (7/6/76)
Samle Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity color D.O. C02

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Intertidally - 50% gravels, 30% cobble, 20% boulder - subject of heavy wave action.
Overall Stream Bottom Composition

Gravel Compaction
Very little spawning potential.
Spawning Area Available Above Hiqh Tide Mark(HTM)

Some gravels occur, but wave action destroys potential productivity.
Inter-tidal Spauning Area

Rearing Area

Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) K@,e. Pool D,@pth/j@Z@Cj7,, Pool Sie/Range

Available Cover

Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source

Aquatic Vegetation

Terrestrial Vegetation

Shading

Extent and Quality of Rearin(I PYi@a_

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Only trout would use this creek.
Use by Fish
No fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Not much could be done to enhance this creek - little spawning or rearing occurs above falls (USFWS).
Intertidal spawning area is of marginal quality. No fish seen or expected.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted J. Yuska, 6/20/81, and USFWS 7/6/76

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1 244
I

ANNUTTE ISLANDS STRLAM SLIRVUY SUMMARY

Camp Cove Creek - Ham Island 101-24-098 300-01

Stream Nirber Geocode
Flows NE into Revilla Channel, .5 mi long. Beaver ponds - muskeg run-off. Forested muskeg area.
location origin Watershed Type
6/20/81 Entire creek - 960m Beaver ponds at 960m. Low - moderate +1.5 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed @ier@s Stage Flood Height
1% 4-5 cfs 2 cfs (5/4/76) 1 fps / to 2 fps 2m / to 1.5m .2m / up to .5m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. width/Range Ave. Depth/Ranqe
Mainly of soil and rock heavily vegetated with grass and shrubs
_omp fla-hirips- but -:table channeld e to vegetation. Some LOD influence./ 3 small ones (muskeg drainage)
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
10.5C 13.OC Clear / None Light Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
10% bedrock and boulders 10% cobble and rubble, 30% grayeeLs._@PZ_Pebbles,20% saild 10% mud and silt.
Overall Stream Bottom si ion
Some organic matter occurs, mixed in with other sediments. Moderate due to fines present.
Gravel Compaction 2
Evidence of redds was observed - gravels are patchy mainly occurring in gravel bars - approximately 186m

e
Spawning Area vailThl Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
area exists, however.
30% gravels in a 64m usable stretch - creats m2available area.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Many pools of variable size
occur formed by boulders, LOD and root wads. .25m .5m Im diameter/ up to 3m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Abundant cover under overhanging vegetation, LOD, root wads, and undercut banks (deep in places).
Available Cover
Scarce
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Alot of aquatic moss occurs.
Aquatic Vegetation
upper and lower ends - grasses and sedges under trees predominates. In the mid-section, berries and
e are common.
estrial Vegetation
20% in lower and upper end due to canopy. 90% in the middle due to riparian vegetation, topography and
Shading canopy.
Extensive rearing area occurs in this creek because of extensive cover, low velocity and low gradient.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks utilize creek; chum, coho, cutthroat and Dolly Varden possibly use it also.
Use by Fish
No fishing or hunting known.
Use by Fishexwen

Wildlife Present
Beaver activity.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek does not produce alot of salmon, but it has good quality spawning and rearing areas. It could
produce alot of trout. Some flashiness may occur alevin suiTi@v-a-r;-Sow-e@,-eF,-aT-fe--ct----
is unknown at this time.

245

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
5/4/76 Pink Fry Not counted Cutthroat and Dolly Varden
could utilize creek also.

6/20/81 None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs 6/20/81 and USFWS 7/4/76

Recommended Escapement
Based on available spawning area, and rearing area recommended escapements are 390 pink, 25 chum, and
5 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
Based on the above escapements, and assuming an overall 10% egg-fry survival rate (fair gravels), production
potential is 1160 pinks, 124 chum and 28 coho returning to Annette Island.

246

Figure 51.

CA14P COVE CREEK W
.-.Ham Island 0011
f

kit W

W owl
@50rei 17,50WI

715ni

W vr- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
416M Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas
39OW1
v Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N

-3DOM
Spawning Areas

Pools
xiorn
Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)
-:30

JC6 rvi

&5 ryl

W
HTM

L
Not In Scale 247

CAMP COVE CREEK (HAM ISLAND) Watershed No. 300-01
Stat. No. 101-24-098

-64m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 2.5m, 30% gravels (.50m 2
available spawning area).
Om High Tide Mark (HTM).
65m Canopy closes in to 90% shading; ASW = 2.5m, bottom
is 40% boulders and cobble, 10% gravels (16m2
spawning area)
78m LOD pile.
105m ASW = 2.5m, ASD = .2m, a large pool here provides 2
excellent rearing habitat next to a gravel bar (5m
spawning area); a tributary with .25 cfs flow enters
here and also provides some excellent rearing habitat.
190-230m ASW = 2.0m, 80% spawning gravels (64m 2 area).
230-266m ASW = 2.0m, 20% spawning gravels - large size (14m 2
area). At 266m is an old root tangle, LOD and
mainly fine sediment on the bottom.
280-300m ASW = lm, 90% spawning gravels (18m 2 area).
300-320m Creek flows over a bedrock channel.
320-415m ASW = 3m, ASD = .2-.3m, gradient lowers and gravels
begin again - 10% spawning gravels in bottom (29M2
area available). At 380m is a tributary (less
than .25 cfs flow) with some rearing area and evidence
of redds. At 380m is another .25 cfs flow tributary.
At 415m is a root tangle, a possible barrier at
low flow and a pool above.
480-550m Creek flowing across bedrock, at 550m and above,
gravels are sparse.
650m Root tangles and LOD form good sized pools.
2
715M ASW = 2m, a deep, slow flowing channel here with
too many fine sediments mixed with cobble for
spawning.
715-780m Some gravel bars occur, ASW = 1.5m, with about 40m 2
total spawning area.
850-960m Old beaver dam at 850m, and creek above is channellized
and the bottom is all fines. At 960m, is a beaver
dam with a huge pond (creek origin). End of spawning
Spawning Area: habitat here and survey.
Intertidal 50m2area
Above HTM 186m2 area

248

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Mink Creek 101-24-099 303-01
Stream Nunber Geocode Forested mountain slopes
Flow E into Cascade Inlet, .7 mi long. Cascade Lake and alpine valley and lake.
location Origin Watershed Type
6/15/76 Lake and lower end of creek. 30m falls at HTM
Bate Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
Steep 89 cfs 2.4 fps 6m .15m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Rock and heavily vegetated soils Stable None
Streambank Ccmposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality

5.5
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area

Overall Stream Bottctn Ccq)osition

Gravel Ccrnpaction

Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area

Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R,Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range

Available Cover

Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food source

Aquatic Vegetation

Terrestrial Vegetation

Shading

Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Currently only Dolly Varden and trout use lake and stream.
Use by Fish
-No-known-fishing, although some hunting occurs.
Use by Fishermen

NOTE: 3600 rainbow fry were stocked in Cascade Lake in 1973.
Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
No salmon currently utilize this creek and a benefit: cost analysis plus a more thorough stream survey
is recommended before considering installing a fish passage (potential production increase is unknwon
at this time). Rainbow were stocked in lake and it should be managed for trout and Dolly Varden at this

t ime., , 249
qiir,yr-v(@l arki Cnnduc+,2d I]qFWq. 6/15/76

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Cascade Creek 11 101-42-056 301-01
Stream Number Geocode
Flows NF into Cascade Inlet, .2 mi long. Mountain and forested flats run-off./ Forested slopes and muskeg
Location Origin Watershed Type flats.
5/23/72 .2 mi from mouth. None - short creek -- --
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1 cfs / -- .5 fps / -- 1.5m /-- .18m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
-- --
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
-- -- -- 6.6 -- -- -- -- --
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
-- -- -- Possible intermittent flow.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
--
Overall Strew Bottom Composition
--
Gravel Compaction
--
Spawning Area Available -Above High Tide Mark (HTM)

--
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
-- -- -- -- --
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range

--
Available Cover
--

Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food source

--
Aquatic Vegetation

--
Terrestrial Vegetation

--
Shading

--
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fisherman
Pinks only utilize creek.
Use by Fish
No fishing known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
A more detailed survey is needed to give a production potential figure; however, this is a minor creek
that produces small, if any, numbers of salmon. Survival if eggs and alevins may be low anyways
due to possible intermittent flow.
Survey(s) and Dates Conducted USFWS, 5/23/72

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Cascade Creek 1 101-42-057 301-02
Stream Number Small lakes, GeOcOde Alpine, muskeg, meadows and
Flow SE into Cascade inlet, 3.4 mi long./ beaver ponds, and mountain run-off./ forested and exposed rock
location To Beaver Pond in 1980. origin 12m stepped falls Watersl-k-d TyMountain slopes.
6/20/81 1600m from HTM to Be- aver Pond. at 105m Moderate flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed (5/5/72) Barriers Stage Flood Height
1% 30 cfs / up to 75 cfs .5 fps / up to I fps 14m / -- .5m / -_
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Steep, rocky banks (bedro ck or vegetated fragmented
rock) with limited LOD influence./ Stable Four tributaries
Streambank Ccmposition Stability Tributaries

Water QualltY 8/12/80: 17.OC at mouth,
15.5C up stream
Above HTM 15.3C 10.OC Clear None Slight Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air T(np.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.C. OD2
Red tide is obvious and common at mouth.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved �c;f_fd__s _0_t__h_e_r_/Ov_e_ral1______

Spawning Area
In intertidal, 170m glide (-70 to 80m): 5% cobble, 55% gravel, 20% pebble, 15% sand, 5% silt, trace
Overall Stream Bottom sit--ion
rubble. Overall below@TaKier; 15% rubble, 15% cobble, 45% gravel, 10% pebble, 10% sand, 5% silt.
Above barrier is mainly bedrock and boulder. Minimal
Gravel Compaction
Nearly all of the available spawning area, 700m is situated just below the first cascade barrier.
Spaminq Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Excellent sDawning channel exists, but velocity may be too slow for the antire area to be productive: 560m 2
Z
Intertidal Spauning Area of fair to good quality area and 350m 0f marginal quality area exists.

Rearing Area
Few pools below falls - beaver pond above at 1600m./
Pool/Riffle Frequericy(P:R.Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Limited, some undercuts and LOD below barriers, above barrier
Available Cover@_
-Sparse - caddisflies, mayflies and diptera.
@@-tic Inve--r-t-e-,b-r-a-t--e--s--/,A-v-a-i-l-a-b-i-e"'-F-o-od---S-o-u--r-c---e-
Sparse - some algae.
Aquatic Vegetation
Blueberry, alder, skunk cabbage, devil's clube, under a spruce and hemlock canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
25% to first barrier - due to canopy and topography. 75% above barrier due to riparian vegetation, canopy
Shading and topography.
Limited - very little below the first barrier. Moderately abundant above the barrier in beaver ponds and
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
under LOD - could rear coho above barriers.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink and chum utilize this creek.
Use by Fish
Subsistence fishing rare.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Beaver activity and wolves observed.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek is a major producer of pink and chum salmon due to the extensive high quality spawning areas;
however, low creek velocity could reduce the potential production expected with the area present. There
is potential coho rearing and spawning area above the falls, but the production increase may not justify
the cost of a fish passage (need benefit:cost analysis and a more detailed stream survey above the barriers
n-

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
5/5/72 None Seen
1974 Pinks Adult 100 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1975 Pinks Adult 1768 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1976 Pinks Adult 2094 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
9/7/80 Pinks mainly (mixed) Adult 1000 Fish counted outside mouth
aerial count.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/20/81, E. Biggs, 8/12/80, and usFws, 5/5/72

Recommended Escapement

Recommended escapements based on the available fair-good quality spawning areas (not including any
of the marginal areas that fish could spawn in, but survival would be limited) are 2100 pink, 137 chum
and I coho spawning pairs,

Potential Product-ion Summary
Based on the above escapements and an assumed egg-fry survival rate of 107, a production potential
estimate is 6240 pinks, 680 chum, and 30 coho returning to Annette Island. Potential coho rearing
and spawning remains above the barrier falls remains unsurveyed at this time.

252

Figure 52. CASCADE CREEK I
G5 YVI -330M

'o C-ascade Inlet
1615M It

fill

90M

Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles
dUK
Spawning Areas

Pools
V Cobble or Boulders
A.-I Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

l.arge Organic Debris(LOD)
1600K

Not In Scale 253

CASCADE CREEK I Watershed No. 301-02
Stat. No. 101-42-057

330m Six cfs flow tributary enters, with possible bedrock
cascade barrier at mouth - at 45m up is a 2.5m high
stepped falls and possible barrier, no spawning
or rearing in tributary. In main channel here and
below are steep stream banks. Just above -330m
is a .3 cfs flow tributary with a possible cascade
barrier at the mouth - no spawning or rearing area
is available.

-265m No good spawning gravels below this point.

-265 to -165m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 1.5m, Average Stream
Depth (ASD) = 2m, looks like one large pool over
lm deep average, gravels are fine.

-165 to -125m Boulder run (no,gravels).

125 to -95m Pool 12m wide and average lm deep, maximum depth
is 2m - some fine gravels in the bottom.

-95 to -70m Boulder run.

70-Om ASW = 16m, ASD = .5m, average velocity is .5 fps;
best spawning area so far (560M2 available spawning
area). At Om is High Tide Mark (HTM). Just above
Om is a 1.5 cfs flow tributary with a 2.5m barrier
falls at the mouth.

0-80m ASW = 16m, ASD = .5m, average velocity is..5 fps, 2
"Fair" gravels in glide (some fines mixed in - 640M
spawning area available).

80-95m Channel braids around island; good quality spawning
gravel in northern side channel (50m2 area), soTe
spawning gravels occur just above braiding (10m
area). At 95m, a .1 cfs flow tributary enters with
no available spawning or rearing area.

105m Stepped cascade and falls (probable barrier) with
a plunge pool.

105-230m Bedrock, boulder channel; 5m stepped falls (probable
second barrier) at 230m.

230-1600m Gradient decreases gradually; bottom is mainly bedrock
and boulders. At 1600m, is a beaver dam and a large
pond (small lake). End of survey.
Spawning Area: Intertidal 560m 2 Fair to good quality spawning gravels.
350m2 marginal quality gravels.
Above HTM 700m2 of fair to good quality spawning
gravels to the barrier cascade.

254

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Hassler Harbor Creek 1 101-42-058 202-01
Stream Number Geocode Muskeg flats with some
Flows NW into Hassler Harbor, .5 mi long./ Muskeg run-off and small ponds. forested areas (195 acres in
Location 1200m above High Tide origin At 1200m stream is too Watershed Type area).
6/18/81 Mark (HTM) small for salmon use. Low flow +2 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed (9/18/72) Barriers Stage Flood Height
.5% 1 cfs/ up to 4 intermittent/ -_ / -_ / --- / -_
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Ranqe
lt;Tpu;.,4 anks, heavily covered with brush and timber, some LOD
in _!:/bUnstable channel due to shale flaking in lower 300m./ 3 small feeder tributaries all under
Streambank Composition / Stability Tributaries .25 cfs.

Water Quality 9/18/72: 11.7C 1O.OC 6.4 12.Oppm --
18.3C 14.OC Clear / None Brown
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp. -Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. CC12
Trace (9/18/72)- 6.6ppm (9/18/72) 5.65ppm (9/18/72 Resistivity = 69,000 ohms/cm3
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
30% gravels, 10% cobble, 5% bedrock,10% small boulders, 45% fines (sand and silt).
Overall Stream Bottom Composition Angular gravel and some fines present;
marginal quality gravels.
Gravel Compaction
Gravels become less abundant (increasing fines) above 850m and stream splits after that. 714.5m area
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
available.

340m2 of marginal quality gravels - survival of eggs is questionable due to low gravel quality, stream
Intertidal Spawninq Area flashiness and channel instability.

Rearing Area
Numerous pools. Some up to 15m long.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
LOD abundant, undercut banks, and root wads provide a fair amount of cover.

Available Cover
Sparse
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Sparse - some marine algae in lower end.
Aquatic Vegetation
Vanilla leaf, skunk cabbage, ferns, mosses, alder with some stunted hemlock (predominately) canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Intense in upper creek - 85% due mainly to bank vegetation.
Shading
There is abundant coho rearing habitat in upper half of the creek, however, the low flow in summer may limit
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
numbers produced.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink, chum, and coho utilize creek.
Use by Fish
No known fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
This is the major creek producing salmon of the Hassler Harbor Creeks; however, it produces low numbers.
The possible intermittent flow may reduce survival ot eggs, alevin and try and it is surprisIng no spawners
have been seen. The creek does have some good coho habitat.

255

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

9/18/72 None seen - spawners were expected!

6/18/81 Coho Fry Over 100 In abundance above 400m.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. 'fuska, 6/18/81 and USFWS, 9/18/72

Recommended Escapement
The intertidal spawning area was not included in the estimate of recommended spawners because of the
marginal gravel quality and abundance of habitat above it (although pinks could utilize it). Therefore,
recommended escapements are 1200 pink, 80 chum, and 5 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary
A 1.2% egg-fry survival rate will be assumed due to the poor gravel quality. Production potential
is estimated at 430 pinks 50 chum and 4 coho returning to Annette Island originating from this creek.

256

0 0*A
Figure 53. HASSLER CREEK I
kit

0,A tf-rjA
QDm

isDwt

aooyn

a5owt
;L:70WI

-300w\
/.Zwftvr- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

@Soowl

JCOWL

'41 \4
Not In Scale 257

HASSLER HARBOR CREEK I Watershed No. 202-01
Stat. No. 101-42-058

100 to -30m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 6m; bottom composition:
60% spawning gravels, 30% pebbles and fines, 10%
boulders.

30 to Om ASW = 6m, 50% gravels. At Om is High Tide Mark
(HTM).
0-20m 70m 2spawning area available.

20-100m ASW = 4m; bottom composition: 5% gravels, 40% cobble,
60% small boulder (16m2 spawning area).

2
100-150m ASW = 6m, 50% gravels (150m spawning area).

2
150-200m ASW = 6.5m, 20% gravels (65m spawning area).

200-250m ASW = 2.5m; steep banks (450); bottom composition:
75% boulder, 20% bedrock, less than 5% gravels.
At 250m, bottom is 30% gravels, 25% fines, 20% boulders,
and 20% cobble (15m2 spawning area).

270m Tributary comes in under 10 logs across the main
channel (less than 5% gravels).

300-400m Excellent rearing habitat with LOD and undercuts;
LOD may be a barrier to adults at low flow. ASW = 3m,
Average Stream Depth (ASD) = .15m.
400-650m ASW = 3m, 20% gravels (150m 2 spawning area). Low
gradient with excellent rearing areas (undercut banks).
650-800m ASW = 3m, bottom has 50% gravels (225m 2 spawning area).
800-850m ASW = 2m, 20% gravels (20m 2 spawning area).

850-900m Less than 5% gravels, but excellent rearing habitat,
many coho fry observed.

900-1000M ASW = .7m; less than 5% gravels. Moderate gradient,
and fry are still numerous.

1000-1200m ASW = .5m, moderate gradient with less than 5% gravels,
no more coho fry seen. End of survey at 1200m where
Spawning Area: creek splits up into the muskeg.
Intertidal 342m2 area available
Above HTM 715m2 approximate area available

258

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Hassler Harbor Creek 111 101-42-059 202-02
Stream Number Geocode
Flows NE into Hassler Harbor, I mi long./ mountain Small lake and Steep, forested slopes,
mu--;kP2 run-off- lakpq and gnmp mnqkPg flarg-
7,ocation 300m Avove High Tide Origin Possible 1.5m high Watershed T@W
6/18/81 Mark (HTM) barrier falls at 125m. Low -(25 acres in area)
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed @ier@s Stage Flood Height
2* and up. .25 cfs / -- Variable/ slow to rapid im / -- .2m / --
. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Bedrock and boulders - a few soft banks. / Stable None
Strewnbank Ccmposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality

Above HTM 18.3c 12,0C Clear / None Brown
Samnle Site Temp.-Air - Temp.-Water- Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color d52

Total Alkalinity Tutal Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
40% bedrock, 30% boulders, 20% rubble, 5% cobble, 3% gravel, 1% pebble, 1% sand.
5@@rall Stream Bottcxn Composition
Angular gravels sparse.
Gravel Ccmpaction
Stream channel is mainly bedrock and boulders-with no large patches of spawnable gravels with a possible
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
barrier at 125m.

None available.

Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Some bedrock pools formed. up to 1.5m deep
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P-.R.Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Limited: some LOD, no undercuts, no root wads, little overhanging vegetation.
Available Cover

Sparse.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Moss and periphyton occurs on creek bottom.
Aquatic Vegetation
A few berries and ferns under spruce/hemlock canopy.
Terrestrial Vegetation
85% mainly due to topography and canopy.
Shading
Limited: poor quality rearing area in section surveyed.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and SUSpected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Cutthroat currently utilize this creek and it is too marginal for use by coho (only they of all the salmon
'Use by Fish could use this creek).
No fishing known.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
.No imrpovements are recommended due to limited spawning area available.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted C. Huntington, 6/18/81

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1 260
I

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Hassler Harbor Creek IV 101-42-060 202-03
Stream Nunber Muskeg flats an(Peocode Gently sloping forested
Flows NE into Hassler Harbor, .25 mi long./ forested hills run-off. hills and muskeg flats..-
Lccation 400m Above High Tide Origin A possible cascade Watershed Type
6/18/81 Mark (HTM) barrier at-175m.-____ Low flow (25 acres in area)
Fa Surveyed Section Surveyed 9/25/72) Barriers Stage Flood Height
down to
.5' .2 cfs/ up to .5 cfs .25 fps / sluggish 4.5m up to 6m _ .25m/ below lm
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Stream forks just above HTM.
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/25/72: 12.2C 7.2C 6.8 5.8ppm
10.5C 15.OC Clear / None Brown
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color 3 D.O. C02
11.Oppm (9/25/72) 9.416ppm (9/25/72) Resistivity = 47,169 ohm/cm
Thtal Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Below falls: 55% gravel, 15% pebble, 15% sand, 7% silt, 2% cobble, 2% rubble, 2% boulder, 2% bedrock.
Overall Stxem Bottom Ccniposition
Extensive - many fines in gravel.
Gravel Ccmpaction
Limited - 30m below falls and only about 4m potential area above falls. Survival of eggs is probably
Spawning Ai7@_ Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
.low due to fines in gravel and low velocity.
200m2 of marginal quality area is available; poor due to low velocity and fines in gravel.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Pools are mainly caused by One pool (below falls) is
beaver activity and falls. p:r = 5:1 at low flow. Pool under falls is .35m/ 15 x 10m / -_
Pool/Riffle Frequericy(P:R.Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Fair amount due to beaver ponds, overhanging vegetation and pools.
Available Caver

Sparse - diptera and trichoptera observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Cedar-like moss is abundant as well as filamentous algae.
Aquatic Vegetation
Skunk cabbage - grasses and sedges under a canopy of spruce, hemlock and cedar.
@@strial Vegetation
50% above falls, 30% below.
Shading
Fair coho habitat exists above the cascade; however it is limited due to small size of creek.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks, chums and coho may use this creek.
Use by Fish
No fishing know.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Heavy beaver activity and influence on stream.

Comments and Recommendations
This creek produces low numbers of any salmonid, however, it is utilized. Because of low velocities,
flows and compacted gravel, survival of eggs and alevins is probably low.

261

Historical EscapemenlIFIsh Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
9/25/72 None seen - pinks were expected.

6/18/81 Coho Fry (50mm) 2 In tributary

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
C. Huntington, 6/18/81 and USFWS, 9/25/72

Recommended Escapement
Based on current available spawning area, 380 pink and 25 chum spawning pairs could utilize this creek.
Coho could not because of the limited rearing area available.

Potential Production Summary
Based on the above escapements and a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate (marginal gravels), potential production
is estimated at 135 pinks and 15 chum returning to Annette Island.

262

Figure 54. HASSLER HARBOR CREEK IV

Hassler Harbor

014
)p

Doom

Muskeg, Cressy or Marshy Areas
W
IfI Overhanging Vegetation
@Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
;tWrn Cascades or Falls
f
Riffles N
Spawning Areas
5OOrn Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
5,5OrA Beaver Dam
Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

Not In Sca*le 263

HASSLER HARBOR CREEK IV Watershed No. 202-03
Stat. No. 101-42-060

Intertidal 200m2 available spawning area.

Om High Tide Mark (HTM). Tributary enters just above
Om 2with less than .1 fps velocity, but approximately
5m spawning area available; good rearing habitat
here with pools to .7m deep, root tangles, undercut
banks, and LOD, also abandoned beaver dams and 40%
shading - tributary surveyed to 200m.

0-175m 30m2 available spawning area, although.gravels have
alot of fines mixed in; just below 175m is a large
pool 15 x 10m, .35m deep. At 175m is a small, bedrock
falls that may be a barrier to pink salmon; above
falls is 4m2 of marginal quality spawning gravels.

175-235m Bedrock channel.

250m Beaver dam, with pond behind it.

300m old beaver dam, with small pond.

350m Beaver dam lm high, a probable barrier because of
a root tangle at the base.

400m Additional dam, end of survey (no more spawning
habitat).

Spawning Area: -
Intertidal 200m2 of marginal to fair qua lity spawning area
Above HTM 39m2 of marginal quality spawning area.

264

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Triangle Lake Creek 101-42-061 202-04
Strecun Number C--ocode Alpine lake, alpine meadows
Triangle Lake in steep forested terrain (1123
Location 540m from High Tide Mark Origin Watershed 'Weacres in area)
6/18/81 (HTM) to alpine meadow Falls at HTM Moderate flow . +2-3 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers moderate to Stage Flood Height
2-6' 15 cfs 2-4 fps / rapid. 7m / -- .2m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ran@ - Ave. Depth/Range
Bedrock and soil and rock heavily vegetated, limited LOD influence / Stable/
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality 9/20/73: 16.7C 11.7C 6.8 11ppm
Above Falls 18.3C 15.5C 6.0 Clear/None Clear 1O.2-lQ.(7g7m9)(9/2O/73)
Samle Site Tenp. -Air Ternp. -Water Ph- Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002
34ppm (9/20/73) 15ppm NaCl (9/20/73)/12.8ppm Free CaCo 3(9/20/73) - See next sheet for additional water
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall quality information.

Spawning Area
Up to meadow: mainly bedrock, boulders with a few scattered patches of large gravels.
Overall Stream Bottom @-a @sitio@n
Minimal.
Gravel Compaction
There is some potential spawning area available just below the beaver dam and more may exist above the
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
meadow, but remains unsurveyed.

None
Intertidal Spa%ning Area

Rearing Area Pools frequent, caused by
cascades, falls and beaver activity. .5m / 2m I x 2m/ up to 12 x 40m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
aundant: some braiding occurs, with some bank undercutting; LOD and organic matter behind beaver dam.
Available Cover

Abundant and diverse / mayflies, caddisflies, ephemeroptera and stoneflies observed.
Aquatic Invextebrates/Available Food source

Some microalgae and some mosses; alot of green filamentous algae in riffles
Aquatic Vegetation
Stunted trees in muskeg below meadow - grasses and herbs in meadow.
Terrestrial Vegetation
30% due to topography and canopy below meadow. 10% in meadow due to steep banks.
Shading
Extensive above and near beaver dam.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Currently, only cutthroat utilize this stream and lake.
Use by Fish
No fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Active beaver dam and lodge in alpine meadow. Deer seen in meadow.

Comments and Recommendations
A fish ladder over the falls could turn this system into a major coho producer as well as open area to pink
and chum. A more thorough stream survey to lake is recommended along with a benefit:cost study prior to
enhancement. However, stocking this lake with excess fry for rearing could prove fruitful.

------1 265

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live *Dead Comments

9/20/73 Cutthroat Adult 1 In Triangle Lake
9/21/79 Cutthroat Adult (13-15 cm.) 1 In Upper Triangle Creek
6/7/81 None Seen

Additional Water Quality Data:

7/18/79 - Above Falls: Flow - Temp (Water) - 21.3C; D.O. 10.3ppm (10.4ppm riffle)
7/19/79 - Above Falls: Flow - 6.47 cfs; 2
Below Falls: Flow -25.47 cfs?; Temp (Water) - 18.5C; D.O. 10.4ppm, Conductivity-140 ohms/cm
8/21/79 - Above Falls: Flow - 7.20 cfs?; Temp (Water) - 18.OC; D.O. 10.7ppm
Below Falls: Flow - 2.76 cfs?;. Temp (Water) - 16.5C; D.O. 7.5ppm 2
9/21/79 - Above Falls: Flow -39.85 cfs?; Temp (Water) - 13.OC; D.O. 10.2ppm; Conductivity-175 ohms/cm2
Below Falls: Flow -35.11 cfs?; Temp (Water) - 12.OC; D.O. 10.8ppm; Conductivity-170 ohms/cm

*Flow measurements are questionable.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, 6/18/81 and USFWS, 9/20/73 and Pacific Rim Planner, Inc., 7-9/79

Recommended Escapement
None currently.

Potential Production Summary
Much unsurveyed spawning area probably exists above the falls, and since there is alot of potential
rearing area, a closer scrutiny of this system may prove productive.

266

Figure 55. TRIANGLE CREEK

455rm Yw v1-- Muskeg, Cressy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
\tl 'Forested Areas
tit ik Steep Stream Banks
@jj Cascades or Falls
Riffles
Spawning Areas

P. Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

Revillagigego Channel
Not In Scale 267

TRIANGLE LAKE CREEK Watershed No. 202-04
Stat. No. 101-42-061

OM High Tide Mark (HTM), creek flows over impassable
intertidal barrier falls. Limited spawning area
above falls, probably unusable at high flows.

370m Second set of cascade falls (may be a velocity barrier).
Creek begins flowing through a muskeg meadow with
a wooded margin next to the channel.

370-455m Cascade, bedrock riffle.

455-540m Gradient lowers; at 540m is a beaver dam at the
margin of an upland meadow, through which the creek
meanders; below dam are some gravels, but they are
mixed with fines; good habitat probably exists above
the upland meadow toward Triangle Lake. Beaver
lodge occurs just above dam at 540m. End of survey.,

Spawning Area: Limited. Currently none available due to barrier
falls.

268

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Upper Triangle Lake Creek 101-42-063 202-05
Stream Number C-10c0de ForesLed and exposed
Flows NE into Triangle Lake, I mi long. Mountain run-off and small lake. granite rock slopes.
location Oriqin Watershed Type
9/20/73 to barrier falls 7.5m falls .2 mi up creek
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
8 cfs Rapid 4.5m .15m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range

Unknown.
Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
6.8
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water 1;h-- ffiiity/Turbidity D.O. C02

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Gther/Overall

Spawning Area
Unknown
Overall Stream Bottom Composition

Gravel Compaction

Unknown
spawning Area Available Abcyve Hi(Ih Tide Kirk (InT4)

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Unknown
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Unknown

Available Cover
Unknown
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Unknown
Aquatic Vegetation
Unknown
Terrestrial Vegetation
Unknown
Shading

Extent and 6-mlity of Rearinq Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen

Cutthroat utilize this creek.
Use by Fish
No known fishing.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None reported.

Comments and Recommendations
USFWS recommended managing creek as a trout nursery area and protecting against logging. Creek needs

additional survey to determine potential spawning area available to salmon if enhanced.

Survey s) and Dates Conducted USFWS-,9/20/72

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1 270
I

Continued Figure 56. UPPER TRIANGLE CREEK

III V

IWO j-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Torested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
11f Riffles N
Spawning Areas
Triangle Lake Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Send or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)
Not In Scale 271

UPPER TRIANGLE CREEK Watershed No. 202-05
Stat. No. 101-42-063

1. Bedrock cascade

2. Caddisfly Larvae

A. Continued

4. Sandbars

NOTE: Stream survey and map completed by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service in 1972.

272

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Pelican Creek 101-42-064 201-03
Stream Number Geocode Forested and exposed rock
Flows NW into Todd Stream, 1.5 mi long. Mountain slope run-off. slope run-off.
location 250m from mouth to Origin Possibly by bedrock Watershed Type
6/21/81 bedrock. cascades at 210m Low Flow
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Flood Height
2% - increases above 210m/ 42 cfs (8/11/76) 4 fps (8/11/76)-moderate/ 3.5m / to 1.8m .06m / to .3m
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Soil colonized by thick plant growth - grasses and shrubs. Stable None
Strembank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
17.5C 1O.OC Clear / None Light Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air Tenp.-W@_r Th- Clarity/Turbidity Color 5.-0. d52

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall

Spawning Area
Lower End: 45% gravels (large size) 20% large cobbles, 20% small boulders. Above 210m: Almost 100%
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
bedrock, less than 5% gravels. Not a problem.
Gravel Compaction
Limited; however, some is available: 0-100m, 70% gravels, 100-200m, 20% gravels resulting in approximately
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
315m2 available area.

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area
Some pools and riffles exist (1 riffle at 50m).
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P.R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some LOD and undercut banks. Cover not abundant
Available Cover

None observed.
Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food Source
None observed.
Aquatic Vegetation
Some grasses, shrubs and a few trees.
Texrestrial Vegetation
30% due to canopy, 25% due to riparian vegetation and 5% due to bank.s.
Shading
Limited. Salmonids would use lake.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
No fish reported - unknown use.
Use by Fish
No fishing reported - unknown use.
Use by Fishexmen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
A possible barrier occurs at 210m, with no spawning or rearing available above it. Spawning area is

limited, therefore this creek does or would produce small numbers of salmonids.

273

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

8/11/76 None Seen

6/21/81 None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/21/91 and USEWS, 9/11/76

Recommended Escapement

None made due to the barrier falls in Nadzaheen Creek.

Potential Production Summary
Twenty-seven coho and/or 47 sockeye spawning pairs could utilize this creek resulting in a production
potential of (assuming 10% egg-fry survival) 153 coho and 223 sockeye returning to Annette Island.

274

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Upper Todd Creek S.E. 101-42-070 201-04
Strex n Number C--ocode
Flows N into Upper Todd Lake, 1.2 mi long./ Mountain run-off and springs. Forested mountain slopes.
Ijc)cation Origin Watershed Type
9/25/75 Possible log and beaver dams./ -_ - I
Date Surveyed Sect-ion Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
16 cfs .8 fps 3.3m .15m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Veloci@7y7/Rancfe Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range

Streambank Composition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality

Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. 002

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Unknown
overall Stream Bottom Composition

Gravel Compaction
Unknown
Spawning Wy-ail le Above High Tide Mark(HIN

Not applicable.
Intert-idal Spawninq Area

Rearing Area

Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range

Available Cover

Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food source

Aquatic Vegetation

Terrestrial Vegetation

Shading

RKtent and 55@d_ity of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Cutthroat and Dolly Varden utilize creek; rainbow may also use creek.
Use by Fish
No known fishing.
Use by Fishermen

NOTE: 4850 rainbow fry stocked in Upper Todd Lake in 1973.
Wildlife Present

Comments and Recommendations
USFWS recommends leaving creek in present state. The creek needs an additional, more detailed survey to
determine production potential for future enhancement possibilities.

Survey. s) and Dat;es Conducted USFWS, 9/25/75

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Upper Todd Creek S.W. 101-42-062 201-05
stream Nuater Geooode
Flows NE into Upper Todd Lake, 1.2 mi long. Mountain slope run-off. Forested mountain slopes.
Lomtion Origin Watershed Type
9/25/75 None
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
18 cfs .9 fps 2.7m .42m
Ave. Graidient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range

Streambank Camposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
6.3
Sample Site Temp.-Air Ttmp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02

Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids 5OTei/Overall

Spawning Area
Unknown
Overall Stream Bottom Cauposition

Gravel Carpaction
Unknown
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide MarklHTM,

Not applicable
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area

--- w1juKil"
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R kitio

Available Cover

Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source

Aquatic Vegetation

Terrestrial Vegetation

Shading

Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Cutthroat and Dolly Varden utilize creek - rainbow were stocked and may use creek also
Use by Fish
No known fishing.
Use by Fisherryan
NOTE: 4850 rainbow fry stocked in Upper Todd Lake in 1973.

Wildlife Present

Commants and Recommendations
USFWS recommends leaving creek in present stated. Additional surveys are needed to map spawning areas

and determining production potential for benefit:cost analysis to enhancing creek system (putting in
fish passage in above Nadzaheen).
Surveyla) and Dates Conducted USFWS, 9/25/75

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Todd Stream 101-42-065 201-02
stream Nunber Geocode
Flows from-Upper to Lower Todd Lake Upper Todd Lake Apline Lake (15.6 acres in area)
location Origin Watershed Type
6/21/81 Entire section - .25 mi. None Low +1 ft
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
2% 12 cfs / 13 cfs (8/2/73) Under 1 fps/ lfps (8/2/73) 4.5m .3m / --
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Ranqe Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Soils with grasses - some channelization and bank erosion Three muskeg drainages enter stream.
Streambank Composition Stability @@11;u_taries

Water Quality 8/2/73: 19.5C 18.9c 7.0

17.5C 14.OC Brown
Sample Site Temp.-Air Ternp.-Water Ph- Clarity/Turbidity Color 002
Trace (8/2/73)
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solldis dt-her/Overall

Spawning Area
80% usable spawning gravels - mixed with some mud.
[email protected] WILLfvi
Some mud in gravels.
2 Gravel Compaction
Approximately 1990, of marginal to poor quality gravels - but usable - survival of eggs may be
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
low if velocity is low and because of fines.

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Some pools - pools in 40%
of creek and riffles in 30%.
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Some available; root wads and undercut banks - provide it.
Available Cover

Some present - mayflies observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Not abundant, but some mosses and filamentous algae occur.
Aquatic Vegetation
Few trees - mainly sedges, grasses, and some bog orchids, columbine, bunchberry, dogwood and thimbleberry.
t&@riiiiyaf- - - - - - . - - ... ..........

10% due to banks and vegetation.
Shading
Some off channel areas and root wads, with a slow velocity provide rearing habitat.
Fxtent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Currently only cutthroat and Dolly Varden utilize stream.
Use by Fish

No known historic use.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations
Moderately abundant spawning and rearing areas are available for trout or landlocked salmon. it could
support sea-run salmon if a71sh passage were constructed. Lake system-deserves a benefit:cOst
study and production potentials should be examined. The lake looks productive and may provide alot of

rearing area.
0 '7 '7

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
Spring, 1973 Rainbow Fry 4850 Stocked in Upper Lake
none seen in 1981.
8/2/73 Dolly Varden 49-178mm 24 Caught in gillnet
fork length USFWS claims to have caught a coho
smolt, however, this is questionable
as barrier prevents salmon migration
into Todd Lake.
6/21/81 Cutthroat Fry .10 No salmon fry observed.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
J. Yuska, 6/21/81 and USFWS, 8/2/73

Recommende d Escapement

None made due to barrier falls in Nadzaheen Creek.

Potential Production Summary
Because of the fine gravels, sockeye and coho would probably not utilize this stream and because of
its distance from the estuary, pink and chum could not successfuly utilize it.

278

Figure 57. TODD STREAM

Upper Todd Lake

Nit
3DOni

\kI

14
w@#
aC)D W@ vt-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
W Overhanging Vegetation
Forested Areas
41
Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles
VU4 N
dWK
Spawning Areas

Pools
i0orli
Cobble or Boulders
V
Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam
@W
@5rn
Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

V 5D rA

xf')@

OK
17-

Lower Todd Lake

Not In Scale 279

TODD STREAM Watershed No. 201-02
Stat. NO. 101-42-065

Om Lower Todd Lake. Just above Om, a 75m long side
channel flows off to the east side of the main channel
with a bottom composed mainly of gravel and mud.

0-100m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 8m, Average Stream
Depth (ASD) = .5m, 80% spawning gravels; low velocity
flow. At 50m, beaver dam was started.

100-200m ASW = 6m, ASD = .25m, 100% usable spawning gravels -
large channel with a few root wads. At 150m is
a 75m long tributary with .125 cfs flow - no gravels.
At 200m is a 50m tributary draining muskeg - no
spawning area.

200-300m ASW = 10m, ASD = .15m, 75% spawning gravels. At
300m is Upper Todd Lake with a muskeg drainage
tributary entering just below.

Spawning Area:
All Freshwater - 1990m 2 area available, at present,
to cutthroat and rainbow trout only.

280

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Lower Todd Lake Creek 101-42-066 201-06
StreEffn Number Mainly mountain Geocode Alpine Lake - mountain
Flows NE into Lower Todd Lake, 2 mi long./ slope run-off, some muskeg run-off./ slopes and a few muskeg
Location Origin Watershed Typeflats (15.6
+1 facres in area)
6/21/81 610m from mouth to barrier. Cascades at 610m Moderate Flow t
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1-2% 10 cfs/4.6 cfs (9/27/75) 1 fps 7m / 6-8m .2m / down to .13m
Ave. Gradient Flow / Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Steep banks of fragmented rock colonized by
egetation/ Stable. little LOD influence Two small tributaries enter creek,
Streambank Composition Stabiiity Tributaries

Water Quality 7.5
240m above mouth 17.5C 12.OC (9/27/75) Clear / None Light Amber
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. OD2
Water looks like mainly mountain run-off,may be
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall flashy.

Spawning Area
70% gravels, variable in siz_e 15% boulders and cobble, 10% bedrock, 5% fines and organic matLer.
Overall Strecan Bottom Ctmposition
Flat, angular gravels (qlate)
2 Gravel Compaction
Approximately 1960m 0f poor to good quality spawning area is available.
_�j @@inq @Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)

Not applicable.
Intertidal Spa%ning Area

Rearing Area
Few ols - mainly riffles and runs.
P.015o
Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Del)Lh/Rancp., Ave. Tk)ol Size/Rantle
Limited - some LOD, undercut banks and a few root wads.
Available Cover

Sparse
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Scarce - except some moss on submerged rocks.
Aquatic Vegetation
Near mouth, sedges, grasses and herbs are common. Above some blueberries, thimbleberries, sk,ink cabbage
Terrestrial Vegetation occurs under spruce, hemlock and cedar.
0-50% - mainly due to topography and canopy.
Shading
Near mouth, beaver dam provides good rearing area and in Lake. Creek, has limited rearing area (few
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
pools, LOD, or undercut banks).

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Cutthroat and Dolly Varden currently utilize creek.
Use by Fish

No known fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present

Beaver dam just inside mouth of creek.

Comments and Recommendations
Some spawning channels and patchy gravel beds occur of poor to good quality gravels. Rearing is available

also. It could support sea-run salmon is passage were installed.

281

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

9/27/75 Dolly Varden Adults A few

6/21/81 No salmonids - sticklebacks observed. Numerous tadpoles in creek mouth and lake.

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, 6/21/81 and USFWS, 9/27/75

Recommended Escapement

None made.

Potential Production Summary
Because of the extensive spawning area available, 161 coho and 292 sockeye spawning pairs could utilize
this creek with a potential production (assuming 10% egg-fry survival) of 942 coho and 1390 sockeye
returning to Annette Island.

282

Figure 58. LOWER TODD CREEK

W vr-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Vorested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
@1590wl Cascades or Falls
600 Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools
Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars
Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debris(LOD)

-NO

kil

lit
4/

kq
W

Not In Scale 283 Lowe Todd Lake

LOWER TODD CREEK Watershed No. 201-06
Stat. No. 101-42-066

Om Creek mouth with large, shallow gravel bar extending
out into Lower Todd Lake.

70m Active beaver dam with sediment below that is gravel 2
mixed with mud; 50% usable, but marginal gravels (200m
area).

70-240m Slow velocity flow is a wide channel. Average Stream
Width (ASW) = 9m, 70% usable with some marginal
gravels (100OM2 area). At 140m, creek narrows and
bottom is hard gravels and mud. At 217m, gravel
is cleaner and better quality for spawning.

240-280m Velocity increases, ASW = 7m, gravels increase to
90% of bottom (252m2 spawning area).

280-390m ASW = 5.5m, gravel inters aced with boulders, but
is still 75% usable (454U spawning area).

400-470m ASW = 5.5m, rocks become large and flat with gravel
interspaced (10% gravels and 44m2 spawning area).
At 400m, a .25 cfs flow tributary draining muskeg.
A pebble bar occurs just above 470m.

500M Channel over bedrock; a .5 cfs flow tributary enters
in water is clear, so it is probably mountain
run off.

550m lom spawning bed, the rest is all bedrock; gradient
increases.

570m Mineral leaching from rocks here (may be iron oxides).

610m Bedrock cascade, probably a velocity barrier.
Spawning Area: All Freshwater, 1960m 2 spawning area total.
Available only to cutthroat and rainbow trout.

284

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Nadzaheen 101-42-067 201-01
Stream Number The Todd Lakes, Geocode Alpine lakes, forested
Flows SE into Nadzaheen Cove other small lakes and run-off. mountain slopes and some muskeg
Location Origin Watershed Type slopes.
1450m from mouth to falls Barrier falls in
6/14/81 on both forks, each reek, Low Flow +2-3 ft
Date Surveyed Section Survey Barriers Stage Flood Height
40 cfs on 5/11/71 up to .45m
1% 15 cfs/ up to 75 cfs 1.5 fps/ up to 2 fps/14m /9-50m/Lower end - .15m/at times
Ave. Gradient Flow /Range Ave. Velocity/ Range Ave. Width/Range Ave. Depth/Range
Dirt and rock stabilized by vegetation - well defined channel -
little LOD influence except in braided channel (flooding occurs after rains)/ A major fork (splitting flow
Streambank Composition / Stability Tributaries in half) occurs at 1100m.

Water Quality 5/11/71 15.6C 15.3C 6.8 -- -- -- --
Above 1100m 16.2C 17.Oc -- Clear / None Light Amber -- --
Sample Site Temp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity / Turbidity Color D.O. CO2
17.lppm (5/11/71) -- 230ppm (5/11/71) Additional water quality information on next sheet.
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids other/overall Some flooding occurs after heavy rains.

Spawning Area
Intertidally: 70% gravels, 15% cobble, 5% pebbles, 10% sand. South Fork: 50% angular cobble, 50% angular
Overall Stream Bottom Composition
boulders. North Fork: finer sediment occurs mixed with large gravel,
cobble, boulders and bedrock. Some in lower end - not a problem.
Gravel Compaction

Hundreds of redds observed. Good to excellent quality spawning areas available, some gravels are large, but
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM) 2 2
chum and coho utilize them; by low-level aerial photography: 4622m area available (3690m estimated by
conventional stream survey methods). 2
Excellent and abundant area exists: by low-level aerial photography technique; 12054m total (by conven-
tional stream survey techniques, 18,450m2 was estimated).
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Few pools in lower end of creek (mainly
riffle). In No. Fork, p:r = 2:1 in braided section. -- -- -- --
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
Limited in lower section. Increases near and above fork due to LOD, overhanging vegetation, undercut
banks and root wads.
Available Cover
Abundant: diptera larvae, hydropsychids (in North Fork), mayflies, caddisflies and Isopods (intertidally)
observed.
Aquatic Invertebrates/Available Food Source
Intertidally: filamentous algae is abundant. Rivularis occurs on rocks above fork.
Aquatic Vegetation
Grasses and sedges in lower end. Salmonberry, currant, skunk cabbage, blueberries, mosses, apple in a
cedar, hemlock and spruce canopy occur.
Terrestrial Vegetation
Up to 20% below weir due to canopy. 60% above weir due to riparian vegetation, canopy and some topography.
Shading
Abundant only near and above forks (in braided channel) - limited to under LOD and undercut banks near weir.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area
However, it is of excellent quality. A fish passage could open up extensive rearing area in the Todd Lake
system.

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pinks, chum, coho, cutthroat, Dolly Varden and steelhead utilize this creek.
Use by Fish
Subsistence fishing, hunting, and hatchery egg takes have occurred in Nadzabeen.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Ducks, marten, and minks observed.

Comments and Recommendations The highest recorded escapements on Annette have occurred in this major system.
Excellent spawning channels, good water quality, high temperature and year-round flow help give the stream

its production characteristics (the 0+ coho fry are larger here than anywhere else). A detailed benefit:
cost analysis regarding installation of fish passage over the barrier falls on the south Fork (including
a more detailed stream survey above the falls) is strongly recommended.

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments
1959 All species Adults 150,000 Largest single recorded count.
9/21/71 Pink and Chum Adults 75,000 75% pinks, 25% chum
1974 Pink Adults 5,142 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1975 Pink Adults 40,677 USFWS Estimated Total Escapement
1976 Pink Adults 42,313 USFW9 Estimated Total Escapement
8/19/80 Pink Adults 6,300 Above Weir (Weir operating for egg take)
9/7/80 Pink Adults 42,000 Combined Weir, foot and aerial peaks
Chum Adults 1,100 count.
Coho Adults 500
6/14/81 Coho Fry Abundant (over 1000) In lower creek, there are hundreds in
the only cover available there -
the weir!
Trout Fry Abundant Could have been rainbow and cutthroat
there.
9/1/81 Pinks mainly (mixed) 20-30,000 In creek (aerial survey)
9/23/81 Pinks below weir 2,760 On foot count - E. Biggs and
under weir (provides cover) 3,675 T. Frame
above weir 40,871
TOTAL 47,306 3,549
Chum 77 373

Additional Water Quality Data:

Air Temp Water Temp pH T.A. T.H. D.S. D CO 2 Turbidity
5/22/71 7.OC 6.OC 7.5 17.lppm 120ppm 102.7ppm
9/l/72 17.8C 16.1C 7.0 Trace 15ppm NaCl 12.84ppm Trace 5.Oppm due
Free CaCO3 to logging
activity
8/17/80 14.OC Above weir
17.OC Below weir

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted
E. Biggs, C. Huntington, and J. Yuska, 6/14/81, E. Biggs, 8/19/80, and USFWS, 5/11/71.

Also examined by Tamgas Creek Hatchery Personel and others.

Recommended Escapement
Based on an estimate of spawning area from low-level aerial photography technique, historical escapements,
and available rearing area, recommended escapements are 27,100 pink (mainly using the intertidal area),
500 chum (mainly utilizing the area above high tide) and 20 coho spawning pairs.

Potential Production Summary

A 101 overall egg-fry survival rate is used in the estimate, even though some excellent quality
gravels exist. Production potential is estimated at 80,480 pinks, 2475 chum and 113 coho returning
to Annette Island. Production has exceeded this in previous years and is probably due to variations
in both the freshwater and marine survival rates. An enhancement study is recommended (see production
potentials of tributaries to Todd Lakes).

286

Figure 59. NADZAHEEN CREEK (North and South Forks)

Ivi-- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
0 Cascades or Falls
lilt
Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars
0i, Beaver Dam
_1100W, Large Organic Debris(LOD)

700
,750M
V)
W

to 300wk
W
A
1W aL-20rn
W

Not In Scale 287

NADZAHEEN CREEK (NORTH AND SOUTH FORKS) Watershed No. 201-01
Stat. No. 101-41-067

Om Stream watchers cabin; insignificant tributary with
a bedrock barrier flows in above cabin.

0-200m Bedrock, boulder and cobble riffle.

200-300m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 20m; spawning gravels
begin at 200m, 90% usable gravels (180OM2 spawning area).

300-700m From Om to 700m creek flows through grassy flats:
ASW = 40m, with 90% usable gravels (14,4OOm2 spawning
area). At 700m is a weir and trailer (old egg take
station) with abundant coho fry in pools created
by the weir.
700-750m ASW = 50m, 90% spawning gravels (2250m 2area).
Estimated High Tide Mark (HTM) at 745m.
750-900m ASW = 21m, ASD = .11m, 90% gravels (2835m 2 spawning
area). old weir occurs at 900m.
900-1100M ASW = 21m, 10% spawning gravels, 80% cobble, (420m 2
spawning area); abundant coho and trout fry observed
here (trout in riffles, coho in backwater areas).
Creek splits into two forks.

11OOm-1150m (South Fork)
Boulder, cobble riffle with heavy LOD pile at
mouth of fork and a set of three impassable falls
at the head (1150in)

1100-1150m (North Fork)
ASW = 9m, ASD = .08m (5.5 cfs flow) with 50% usable
gravels (160m2 spawning area).

1150-1250m (North Fork)
Channel becomes braided with gravel bars interspaced,
10% spawning gravels.

1150-1450m (North Fork)
Alot of good rearing habitat available in side channels
and under frequent LOD piles.

1450m (North Fork)
25m cascade falls over bedrock, definite barrier.
Spawning Area: 2
Intertidal 200-300m 1,800m2 area 12,054m by Low-Level
300-700m 14,400m2 area Aerial Photography
700-750m 2,250m area
Total 18,450m2
Above HTM 750-900m 2,835m2 area 4622m2 by Low-Level
900-1100M 420m2 area Aerial Photography
1100-1150m 225m2 area
1150-1450m 210m2 area
Total 3,690m2
288

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Aa@@e jjay Creek 102-42-068 115-01
Stream Nu mb.or GUCC(XIL ----------
Open muskeg flats
Flows NW into Annette Bay, 600m long. Muskeg run-off (121 acres in area).
I,ocation 600m to end of creek Origin Watershed Type
6/20/81 in muskeg. debris blockage at 75m Moderate
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
.33 cfs .5 fps sluggish/-- 1.25m / -- -_
Ave. Gradient Flow Range Ave. Velocity/Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Very unstable - heavy LOD infLence near beaver dam, logging and
construction have caused some erosion and stream blockage rechannelization./ None
Streambank Ccmposition / Stability Tributaries

Water Q ual ity 8 / 31/ 7 2: 17.8C 14.4C 6.0 10.Oppm 35.Oppm
Above HTM 10.5C 12.OC 6.0 Clear / Slight Brown
Samle Site Memp. -Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. OD2
3 (8 / 31/72)
17.1ppm (8/31/72) Resistivity=16.60 ohm/cm / 4.28ppm CaCOI/ Siltation has occured from logging and debris
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall blockage has occurred.

Spawning Area
Below dam: 45% gravels, 25% pebbles, 20% sand, 10% silt, organic matter - trace. Muck is on bottom
Overall Stream Bottom Composition Moderate compaction with some
above dams. fines and angular gravels.
2 Gravel C(mpaciti(XI
Limited: Only about 20m is available under the bridge and road (no area available above dams) of marginal
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark (HTM)
quality - survival of eggs would be low.

2
Limited: only about 35m 0f marginal quality area is availablle.
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area

Few pools - a beaver pond occurs. beaver pond is 55 x 25m
Pool/Riffle Frequency(P:R. Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Ranqe Ave. Pool Size/Range
In beaver pond, behind debris jam, under bridge and in a few undercut banks.
Available Cover

Sparse - caddisflies and diptera observed though.
Aquatic invertebrates/Available Food Source

Scarce
Aquatic Vegetation

Muskeg vegetation dominates.
Terrestrial Vegetation
5% topograph a) (was more before lqjgg@nr
Shading ic @) _ _. . __ _ - - - - - - -_ - - - - __ ------
Limited rearing area due to small creek size and channel instability (good cover is available).
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Only pinks could utilize creek if at all, in its present state.
Use by Fish
No fishing now - logging camp may have used creek.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
Beaver activity.

Comments and Recommendations
The channel is slowly recovering from a major disturbance. Even before disturbance, this stream (due to
small size) probably did not produce large numbers of salmon. However, estuary area may be important
rearing area - protect area for further development and disturbance to allow it to recover.

289

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

8/31/72 None Seen

6/20/81 None Seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted

Recommende d Escapement

Only 100 pink spawning pairs could utilize this creek and their success is questionable due to the
fines in the gravel.

Potential Production Summary
Due to the marginal gravel quality, only about a 1.2% egg-fry survival rate is expected resulting in
a production potential estimate at 36 pinks returning to Annette Island.

290

Figure 60-ANNETTE BAY CREEK

V
C@3

too 1--. Muskeg, Cressy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetati on
@Forested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls

Riffles N
Spawning Are as

Pools

7 Cobble or Boulders

Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

AZ 1

Nil
i, \V
itN

Not In Scale 291

ANNETTE BAY CREEK Watershed No. 115-01
Stat. No. 101-42-068

Intertidal 35m2 spawning area available.

OM High Tide Mark (HTM), creek flows under log bridge
with 8m2 available spawning area under road.

0-25m 12m2 spawning area; cat tracks run into and disturb
creek channel - the heavy machinery movements did
cause siltation of gravels.

75m Slash and roadside debris blocking channel, no more
available spawning area above 25m.

175m Beaver dam with 55 x 25m pond behind it.. Above
beaver dam, stream flows into muskeg flats.

Spawning Area: Limited and of marginal quality.
Intertidal 35m2 area
Above HTM 20m2 area

292

ANNETTE ISLANDS STREAM SURVEY SUMMARY

Annette Bay Halfway Creek 101-42-069 115-02
Stream Nizdber Mountain slope Geocode
Flows NE into Annette Bay, 1.8 mi long./ run-off and small lakes. Forested steep mountain slopes.
incation 1500m above High Tide origin Possible barrier at Om Watershed Type
6/21/81 Mark (HTM) to barrier definite barrier at 1500m.
Date Surveyed Section Surveyed Barriers Stage Flood Height
1-10% 4 cfs / -- 2-4 fps 3-3.5m .2-.3m / --
Ave. Gradie4 Flow / Range Ave. Velocity Range Ave. Width/Ranqe Ave. Depth/Range
Rocks and soils with heavy riparian growth and bedrock.f
Fragmentation of rock indicates some instability. One in section surveyed.
Streambank Canposition Stability Tributaries

Water Quality
Above HTM 12.2c 1O.OC Clear / None Slight Amber
Smple Site Mmp.-Air Temp.-Water Ph Clarity/Turbidity Color D.O. C02
Looks good
Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Dissolved Solids Other/Overall

Spawning Area
Some gravels - up to 40% in stretches; otherwise, channel is boulders, cobble, bedrock.
Overall Stream Bottcrn Coaposition
Angular with some compaction.
2 Gravel Ccnipaction
710m area is available all above the bedrock run (a possible barrier - especially for pink and chum) at
Spawning Area Available Above High Tide Mark(HTM)
150m and below 1100m in the braided channels.

None available - area is less than 5% gravels (mainly boulders and cobble).
Intertidal Spawning Area

Rearing Area Some pools occur in braided channels
and below falls. Few riffles occur except bedro k riffles./
Pool/Riffle Frequency (P:R, Ratio) Ave. Pool Depth/Range Ave. Pool Size/Range
From some overhanging vegetation and LOD - not extensive.
Available Cover

Scarce
Aquatic 'FuW '@ce

Some filamentous algae.
Aquatic Vegetation
Azalea, grasses, skunk cabbage, a few alder, huckleberry, queens cup in cedar, hemlock and spruce.
Terrestrial Vegetation
80%, 30% due to steep banks and 40% due to vegetation, 10% due to canopy.
Shading
Not alot, but some is available in braided channels with slow flow and pools.
Extent and Quality of Rearing Area

Reported and Suspected Use of Stream by Fish and Fishermen
Pink and chum are probably blocked by the initial cascades, coho may be blocked also - none were seen.
Use by Fish

No known fishing occurs.
Use by Fishermen

Wildlife Present
None seen.

Comments and Recommendations

This stream shows potential if the fish can traverse the first 150m of the creek. A fish ladder may
be a consideration, but the increase in production realized may not justify the cost.

293

Historical Escapement/Fish Observed

Date Species Size Numbers-Live Dead Comments

6/21/81 None seen

Survey(s) and Dates Conducted

J. Yuska. 6/2 /81

Recommended Escapement
There is enough suitablq spawning area above the falls for about 1180 pink and 77 chum spawning pairs,
however, it is doubtful they traverse the falls. Tberefore, recommended escapement is limited to about
10 coho spawning pairs Ilimited by rearing area, not spawning areal.

Potential Product-ion Summary
At the above escapement, potential poducti on is about 51 coho lassuming a 107 egg-Iry survival ratel.

294

Figure 61-ANNETTE BAY HALFWAY CREEK
....-Annette Bay

1.zwo"Wr- Muskeg, Grassy or Marshy Areas
Overhanging Vegetation
Vorested Areas

Steep Stream Banks
Cascades or Falls
350rA Riffles N
Spawning Areas

Pools

Cobble or Boulders
Sand or Gravel Bars

Beaver Dam

Large Organic Debrls(LOD)

700M

? ro

_1300M
if
04

Not In Scale 295 115COwi

ANNETTE BAY HALFWAY CREEK Watershed No. 115-02
Stat. No. 101-42-069

Om High Tide Mark (HTM) 2m falls into bay, probable
barrier to pinks and chum.

0-150m All cascades and falls, probably velocity barrier,
but coho may still make it.

150-300m Average Stream Width (ASW) = 3.5m, Average Stream
Depth (ASD) = .25m; bottom composition is 30% cobble,
40% boulder, and 30% bedrock, gradient is lower
and at 300m is a sloping falls.

350m Gradient decreases, but less than 5% gravels in
bottom.

450m No rearing or spawning areas from Om to here;
tributary enters, 1.5 cfs flow and high gradient,
with less than 1% gravels and a barrier falls at
200m.

450-650m ASW = 3.5m, 20% angular gravels of marginal quality
(140m2 spawning area).
650-1100m ASW = 3.0m, 50% gravels (540m 2spawning area) with
a low gradient and algae present on rocks; shading
is 50% and beginning at 650m; channel braiding occurs
with off-channel rearing areas and frequent LOD.

2
1100-1200m ASW = 3.0m, 10% gravels (30m spawning areas); channel
braiding ends and gradient increases.

1200-1300m Mainly a boulder bottom with less than 5% gravels
(71m2 spawning area) .

1300-1500m Gradient increases, bottom is all bedrock and boulders
with no gravels.

1500m Cascades - no more available spawning or rearing
habitat here or above.

Spawning Area:

Intertidal None

Above HTM May be available to coho is they can traverse initial
cascades.

296

Appendices

APPENDIX I. GLOSSARY OF STREAM SURVEY TERMS

Angular gravels - gravels that are not rounded, but instead are
irregularly shaped.

A.S.D. - average stream depth in the section surveyed or described.

A.S.W. - average stream width in the section surveyed or described.

c.f.s. - cubic feed per second; a common unit measure of streamflow.

Fork Length - the shortest measurable length of the fish, including
the tail (from the tip of the snout to the middle of the tail).

f.p.s.- Feet per second; a common unit measure of stream velocity.

HTM - High Tide Mark; the level which the highest high tide
reaches or high level of salt water influence.

LOD - large organic debris, e.g. dead or living logs or root wads
in, over, or bordering a stream channel.

Pools - a deeper section of the creek formed by LOD, boulders,
obstructions, falls, and stream currents.

Redds - a fish "nest", or the area in the gravel utilized by a
salmonid in which she buries her eggs.

Riffles - a shallow section of the creek where a laminar stream
flow pattern occurs.-

Riparian - streamside or bordering; e.g. vegetation that borders
a stream and that would not occur there if there were no
stream (trees are generally not riparian).

Smolts - a juvenile salmonid that is physiologically ready for
and which tends to migrate toward the ocean.

Stream Bottom Classification (USFWS)

Bedrock - solid rock
Boulder - Over 30cm in diameter
Rubble - 15-30 cm
Cobble - 10-15 cm.
Gravel - 1.25-10 cm.
Pebble - .3-1.25 cm (fines are less than .65 cm.)
Sand - less than .3 cm.
Silt - very fine - includes mud.
Organic matter - leaves, bark, wood chips (can be microscopic).

Tailout - a gravel or debris substrate pile that accumulates
downstream from a pool or depression in the stream bottom,
deposited by current.

298

APPENDIX II. METHODS AND DATA SOURCES

For a complete description of water quality measurements and sampling
methods, refer to the Annette Islands Watershed Study (Pacific
Rim Planners, Inc., 1979).

Most of the data measured was done so with standard equipment
and by simple methods. Gradients were measured using a hand-
held Sunto clinometer and distances measured by pacing them off
(depths were measured with meter sticks). Streamflows were estimated
by measuring cross-sectional area and multiplying by water velocity
(measured using a floating object and a stop watch). Stream bottom
compositions were estimated by pacing off areas of particular
composition and by physically examining substrates (sampling and
sifting).

Much of the other data included on the forms are straig ht observa-
tions and need no explanation.

Spawning area was estimated in the following ways:

1. Stream length (meters) X stream width (meters) X
percentage of spawnable gravels (submerged) in that
section = spawning area (square meters).

2. If spawning area is a gravel bar, the individual bars
were paced off and individual areas added up for a
particular stream section.

Production potential estimates were obtained by methods explained
in Part 2. of this survey.

299

APPENDIX III, LOW LEVEL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE

For four of the major streams surveyed, an innovative and relatively
new survey technique was utilized to measure spawning areas, rearing
areas, and creek dimensions with much more accuracy and detail
than the conventional mapping procedures. This method is called
low level aerial photography and is carried out by use of a weather
balloon with a tetrahedron frame housing a camera suspended underneath
(see the Appendices cover sheet photo).

Rutzler (1979) has developed methodology for low level aerial
photography of coral reefs using a 35mm camera suspended under
a weather balloon. The equipment utilized in this study was an
adaptation of Rutzler's system and modified to fit the requirements
of stream survey work on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington and
on Annette Island in Southeast Alaska by Joseph Yuska and Charles
Huntington of the Department of Fisheries, Oregon State University
in Corvallis, Oregon.

The 35mm camera utilized was a lightweight Olympus, OM-1 with
an autowinder (motor drive) mounted on a gimballed tetrahedron
(constructed of balsa wood and styrofoam) suspended from a neoprene
weather balloon. The balloon was surrounded by a jacket made
of extra-lightweight rip-stop nylon to protect it from protruding
branches and obstructions it might have hit. Two positioning
or tether lines (up to 150 feet in length), one tied to the balloon
base, and one tied to the frame, were extended to the ground.
A triggering cable (composed of fine telephone line wire) was
extended down one of the tether lines and hooked up to the auto-
winder. In addition, a radio controlled shutter release was em-
ployed before the triggering cable, but found to be more difficult
and less dependable to use than the wire release. A third person
stood directly underneath or to one side of the balloon dragging
a meter long P.V.C. pipe floating on the stream surface (to give
each photo scale). The people controlling the tether lines control
the height at which the balloon flies and therefore the'camera
focal length. The person dragging the meter pipe ensures that
the camera is centered over the stream correctly.

By varying the height of the balloon over the stream which varies
the camera lens focal length, and by turning the camera so that
the picture frame either runs lengthwise with the stream or cross-
wise (to photograph the widest area possible), a wide range of
stream sizes could be surveyed. To ensure that the photographs
overlapped, the focal length at different heights was measured
prior to flying the balloon, then the creek distance was paced
off between each picture taken (the appropriate paced distance
depending on balloon height). Measurements could include substrate
composition of the stream, location of salmon redds, as well as
detailed stream geometry and could be examined in*detail in the
office once the film was developed. A wide variety of films and
filters could be employed to elucidate specific components of
the stream system which the researcher is interested in measuring.

300

Low level aerial photography does not relyoncloud-free conditions
and in fact, contrast in black and white photographs and detail
in stream bottoms is increased on overcast days. However, the
breeze must be very slight and no breeze preferable, a rare in-
cidence and limiting factor to the use of this method in South-
east Alaska. These low level photographs could be taken below
the tree canopy and could reveal much more detail than photographs
taken from aircraft. In addition, this method can be done for
a fraction(,of the cost of what aerial photographs from aircraft
would cost.
Four streams'were surveyed by this technique and only one set
of the pictures was not utilized in spawning area estimates. The
Hemlock Creek series were shot on a clear day when the reflection
from the sun was so intense that the reflection off the creek
surface covered up the meter-stick and prevented the interpreter
from seeing the creek bottom. The other creeks shot were Kwain
Creek Slough, Crab Creek Slough, and Nadzaheen and the estimates
obtained from those photos are included in the individual stream
survey forms.

After the photographs were developed, an enlarger was employed
to standardize the size of the meter stick in each picture, compen-
sating for the variation in the height that the balloon was flown.
The photographs were then made into one composite for each creek,
with sufficient overlap. The areas to be calculated could then
be measured in one of three ways:

1. one could use a planimeter to measure each area of concern
(a difficult task on overlapping photos)

2. one could overlay transparent graph paper, trace the creek
areas of concern and then count squares or

3. one could break each creek area of concern into geometric
shapes and estimate the area of each shape individually
by trigonometry.

Methods 2 and 3 were utilized as 1 proved too difficult to do
uniformly and accurately. By knowing the percent of spawnable
gravels in each of the areas photographed, one could estimate
the size of the potential spawning areas using the area estimate
derived from low level aerial photography. This was done for
Crab Creek Slough, Kwain Creek Slough and Nadzaheen.

The individual composites are on file at the Annette Natural Resource
Center, and it is recommended that low-level aerial photography
be employed in other resource inventory or environmental impact
studies because of its accuracy and flexibility (in data obtained)
and because of the ease at which data can be examined in the office
and out of the weather.

Reference: Photogrammetry of reef environments by helium balloons.
K. Rutzler. 1979.

301

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Plan. State of Alaska.

2. Baldridge, J., and D. Amos. 1981. Development of habitat suit-
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of Aquatic Habitat Inventory Info., Am. Fish. Soc.
3. Bams, R.'A. 1972. A quantitative evaluation of survival to the
adult stage and other characteristics of pink salmon (Oncor-
hynchus gorbuscha) produced by a revised hatchery method
which stimualtes optimal natural conditions. J. Fish.
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4. Burgner, R.L. 1980. -Some features of ocean migrations
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5. Bryant, M.D.. 1980. Evolutio'n of large, organic debris
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7. Foerster, R.E. 1937. The relation of temperature to the
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8. Gallagher, A.F. 1979. An analysis of factors affecting
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9. Giger, R.D. 1973. Streamflow requirements of salmonids.
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10. Hall, J.D. and N.J. Knight. 1981. Natural variation
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302

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15. McKernan, D.L., D.R. Johnson,and J.I. Hodges. 1949. Some
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16. McNeil, W.J. and W.H. Ahnell. 1964. Success of pink
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17. McNeil, W.J. 1980. Vulnerability of pink salmon populations
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