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Coastal Zori lnfor . ... �enter ''-' FLORIDA AND ...THE OTHER FORTY-NINE 1986 COASTAL ZONE INFORMATION CENTER pm HC 107 .F6 ,3 F4443 1986 l- Florida Department of Commerce Division of Economic Development 107 W. Gaines Street, Tallahassee, FL 32301 Phone: (904) 487-2971 TWX: 810-931-3655 FLOUDA AND TH1E OWER EORY-NINE Florida's Business and Demographic Climate with National and State Compoarisons Seventh Edition Noverwber 1986 l. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASIAL SERVICES CENTER 223J SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHMARESTON, SC 29405-2413 Property o rsc Library Corpiled by Bureau of EcB omic Analysis Division of Econaic Developoent Florida Departmoent of Commerce TABLE OF CONTENTI1S INROUTIN.0 . .1............................ GENERAL ECONOMIC (XINDITIONS Table 1. Population Growth Trends, 1975 to 1985.. . ......... . 4 Table 2. Net Migration, 1980 to 1985.....................6 Table 3. Projections of Population Growth, 1985 to 2000.................... .. . .. . . .. .. ...... . 8 Table 4. Value of Construction Contracts, 1984 ............1 Table 5. Residential Building Permits, 1985.. ........ .... ...12 Table 6. Retail Sales, 1985 ............................ ,0.14 Table 7. fTotal Assets of Commercial Banks and Savings & Loan Associations, 1983 ..............1 Table 8. Total Personal Income, 1975 to 1985 ................I Table 9. Per Capita Personal Income, 1975 to 1985 ...........20 Table 10. New Business Incorporations, 1985.. . ........ . .....22 Table 11. New Plants anid Expansions, 1985................24 Table 12. Department of Defense Contracts, 1985.............26 Table 13. Agricultural Statistics, 1985 . ................28 Table 14. Transportation Statistics, 1984 ............... .....30 Table 15. Direct Exports, 1983 .. .....................32 Table 16. Foreign Trade Zones, 1986 . ..................34 LABOR Table 17. Manufacturing Employment, 1975 to 1985 ............38 Table 18. Nonfarm Eiployment, 1975 to 1985 ... . . ........ . ....40 Table 19. Prime Wrking Age Population, 1985 ..............42 Table 20. Growth in Civilian Labor Force, 1980 to 1985 .........................44 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development ii Table 21. Growth in High Technology Employment, 1980 to 1985......46 Table 22. Number of Engineers.......................48 Table 23. Unemployment Compensation Benefits Paid.............50 Table 24. Employer' s Average Unemployment Compensation Contribution Rates, 1985.............52 Table 25. Average Hourly Earnings in Manufacturing, 1985......................54 Table 26. Average Annual pay, 1984...................56 Table 27. Labor Union Membership as a Percent of Trotal Employment, 1982 . ..................58 Table 28. Mean Duration of Work Stoppages, 1980... . ..... ......60 Table 29. Percent of Time Lost Due to Work Stoppages, 1981 .......................62 Table 30. States With Right-to-Work Laws .................6 TAXES AND G0VERNMENT FINANCES Table 31. Corporate Income Tax Rates, August 1986. ..............68 Table 32. Percent of Total State Tax Revenue from Income Taxes, Fiscal 1985................7 Table 33. Relation of State Government Finances to Personal Income, Fiscal 1984.................72 Table 34. Percent of Personal Income Remaining After State and Local Taxes, Fiscal 1984...........74 Table 35. Per Capita State Tax Revenue, Fiscal 1984...........76 Table 36. Per Capita State and Local Property Tax, Fiscal 1984 .........................78 Table 37. Per Capita Gross State Debt, Fiscal 1984...........80 Table 38. Total State and Local Per Capita Debt, Fiscal 1984..........................82 Table 39. Per Capita Public Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal 1984...........................84 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development iii EDUCATION Table 40. Years of School Completed by Persons 25 Years & Older, 1980 ....................88 Table 41. Earned Degrees Conferred...................90 Table 42. Estimated Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1985............92 Table 43. Minimum Competency Testing Required for High School Graduation....................94 Table 44. Enrollment in Vocational Education Programs, 1983........................96 Table 45. Expenditures for Vocational Education Per Prime Working Age Person, 1981..............98 CYTHER BUSINESS FACTORS Table 46. Gas Utility Prices for Industrial Customers, 1983. .......................102 Table 47. Electric Utility Revenue Per Commnercial/ Industrial Customer, 1984 .. ................104 Table 48. Quality of Life Measures ..................106 Table 49. Climate and Weather.....................108 Table 50. Median Resale Price of Existing Single Family Homes, 1985 .....................110 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development iv 11111UrI increased economic growth and expanding industrial development have resulted in an era of growth for Florida. One of the fastest growing states in the nation, Florida' s population increased nearly 33 percent between 1975 and 1985. New markets develop in response to this growth process. As a result, the State is attracting a broad array of industries and industrial support services. This publication presents a statistical comparison, across the fifty states, of those factors which generally control the location of industrial investments. Statistics on taxes, economic activity, labor laws, wage structure, state indebtedness, and attitude of the work force are provided for each state and displayed in rank order from most favorable for economic development to least favorable. Regardless of definition, "business climate" is a primary concern to economic development specialists and corporate executives. When queried on which states best meet their needs, Florida consistently ranks in the top 10. Whether ranking states on manufacturing climate or on conditions favorable for small business, Florida meets all criteria as an ideal location in which to conduct business. Equally important to potential Florida firms is Florida's constitutional provision prohibiting state government deficit spending. This law prevents the state from placing unreasonable tax responsibilities upon any citizen or corporation as a result of overspending the established state budget. These legislative provisions exhibit Florida's willingness to welcome new capital investments and industrial growth. Among its many locational advantages is Florida' s "Right-to-Work" law which, unlike the statutes adopted and amended by the majority of states, is a constitutional provision. This law, listed under the Declaration of Rights in the Constitution of the State of Florida, reads as follows: The right of persons to work shall not be denied or abridged on account of membership or nonmember ship in any labor union or labor organization... For further information on Florida's profit potential for corporate headquarters, regional offices, or plant facilities, contact the Florida Department of Commerce, Division of Economic Development, Collins Building, Tallahassee, phone 904/488-6300. Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development GENERAL ECXa41IC aCODITIONS TABLE 1 POPUIATION GROWH TRENDS, 1975 to 1985 A state's population size and growth provide indicators of existing and potential markets. Areas which have experienced rapid population growth are prime locations for industrial, retail, service, and trade development. In 1985, Florida became the sixth largest state in the nation. It is also the fastest growing of the ten largest states and ranks sixth overall in the rate of population growth between 1975 and 1985. Resident Resident Population Population Percent 1975 Rank 1985 Rank Change United States 215,465,000 238,740,000 10.80% Nevada 620,000 46 936,000 43 50.97 Alaska 370,000 50 521,000 49 40.81 Arizona 2,286,000 31 3,187,000 27 39.41 Wyoming 380,000 49 509,000 50 33.95 Utah 1,234,000 36 1,645,000 35 33.31 FLORIDA 8,542,000 8 11,366,000 6 33.06 Texas 12,568,000 3 16,370,000 3 30.25 Colorado 2,586,000 28 3,231,000 26 24.94 New Mexico 1,163,000 37 1,450,000 37 24.68 California 21,537,000 1 26,365,000 1 22.42 Washington 3,619,000 22 4,409,000 19 21.83 Idaho 832,000 41 1,005,000 40 20.79 New Hampshire 830,000 42 998,000 41 20.24 Hawaii 884,000 40 1,054,000 39 19.23 Oklahoma 2,772,000 27 3,301,000 25 19.08 Georgia 5,059,000 13 5,976,000 11 18.13 Oregon 2,325,000 30 2,687,000 30 15.57 South Carolina 2,900,000 25 3,347,000 24 15.41 Louisiana 3,887,000 20 4,481,000 18 15.28 North Carolina 5,535,000 11 6,255,000 10 13.01 Virginia 5,056,000 14 5,706,000 13 12.86 Tennessee 4,261,000 17 4,762,000 17 11.76 Vermont 480,000 48 535,000 48 11.46 Montana 749,000 43 826,000 44 10.28 Arkansas 2,158,000 33 2,359,000 33 9.31 Alabama 3,681,000 21 4,021,000 22 9.24 Mississippi 2,400,000 29 2,613,000 31 8.88 Maine 1,073,000 38 1,164,000 38 8.48 Kansas 2,279,000 32 2,450,000 32 7.50 Kentucky 3,469,000 23 3,726,000 23 7.41 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 4 Resident Resident Population Population Percent 1975 Rank 1985 Rank Change North Dakota 638,000 45 685,000 46 7.37% Minnesota 3,926,000 19 4,193,000 21 6.80 Maryland 4,157,000 18 4,392,000 20 5.65 Delaware 589,000 47 622,000 47 5.60 West Virginia 1,841;000 34 1,936,000 34 5.16 Missouri 4,795,000 15 5,029,000 15 4.88 Wisconsin 4,570,000 16 4,775,000 16 4.49 Nebraska 1,541,000 35 1,606,000 36 4.22 South Dakota 681,000 44 708,000 45 3.96 New Jersey 7,341,000 9 7,562,000 9 3.01 Connecticut 3,085,000 24 3,174,000 28 2.88 Indiana 5,351,000 12 5,499,000 14 2.77 Rhode Island 946,000 39 968,000 42 2.33 Illinois 11,306,000 5 11,535,000 5 2.03 Massachusetts 51762,000 10 5,822,000 12 1.04 Iowa 2,881,000 26 2,884,000 29 .10 Michigan 9,108,000 7 9,088,000 8 -.22 Ohio 10,770,000 6 10,744,000 7 -.24 Pennsylvania 11,898,000 4 11,853,000 4 -.38 New York 18,032,000 2 17,783,000 2 -1.38 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Commerce News, "Population at Mid-Decade: Growth Still Concen- trated in South and West", CB85-229, December 30, 1985, and Current Population Reports, "Estimates of the Population of States: 1970 to 1983," Series P-25, No. 957, 1984. PERCENT CHANGE IN POPULATION, 1975 TO 1985 -1.38 to 2.88 2.88 to 7.37 7.37 to 12.86 12.86 to 2.86 21.83 to 50.97 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development TABLE 2 NET MIGRATION PORPUATION CHANGE, 1980 TO 1985 (THOUSANDS OF PERSONS) Net migration as a growth trend indicator is of special value to the business coammunity. It provides reliable information on where the general populace believes the best chance for the future lies. Florida ranks first in net migration during the 1980-1985 period. United States 3,530 FLORIDA 1,437 C3aif6olria 1,429 Texas 1,202 Arizona 308 Georgia 273 North Carolina 188 Colorado 164 Virginia 161 Oklahoma 137 Nevada 94 South Carolina 91 Washington 86 Alaska 69 New Mexico 52 New Hampshire 45 New Jersey 39 Tennessee 38 Louisiana 29 Maryland 25 Hawaii 19 Utah 17 Maine 8 Arkansas 6 Vermont 5 Delaware 5 Rhode Island 4 Wyoming 2 Montana 0 Idaho -2 North Dakota -3 Alabama -4 Connecticut -6 Kansas -11 South Dakota -15 Mississippi -22 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development Nebraska -28 Massachusetts -28 Missouri -31 Oregon -45 Kentucky -52 West Virginia -53 Minnesota -62 Wisconsin -104 Iowa -122 Indiana -179 New York -183 Pennsylvania -211 Illinois -320 Ohio -401 Michigan -496 Note: Net migration is the change in population not accounted for by births and deaths. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, unpublished data, as of August 1986. POPULATION CHANGE DUE TO NET MIGRATION. i980 TO 1985 ( THOUSANDS ] -496 to -53 -53 to -4 -4 to 17 17 to 9S Floid an to i437 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development TABLE 3 PROJECTIONS OF POtULATION GROWTH, 1985 to 2000 Population projections indicate whether current growth trends are expected to continue in the future. Growth in the Sunbelt states is projected to lead the country during the next two decades. During this time, Florida could grow from its current ranking of the sixth most populous state to the fourth largest state. Resident Resident Population Population Percent 1985 2000 Rank Change United States 238,740,000 267,464,000 12.03 % Nevada 936,000 1,300,900 38 38.99 Arizona 3,187,000 4,396,900 22 37.96 Colorado 3,231,000 4,291,100 23 32.81 Utah 1,645,000 2,164,900 34 31.60 Alaska 521,000 675,400 48 29.64 FLORIDA 11,366,000 14,627,500 4 28.70 Wyoming 509,000 638,300 49 25.40 New Hwrpshire 998,000 1,234,500 40 23.70 Washington 4,409,000 5,310,100 16 20.44 Connecticut 3,174,000 3,772,300 26 18.85 Texas 16,370,000 19,339,000 2 18.14 New Mexico 1,450,000 1,710,900 37 17.99 Massachusetts 5,822,000 6,779,900 12 16.45 Vermont 535,000 619,200 50 15.74 Georgia 5,976,000 6,904,900 11 15.54 Idaho 1,005,000 1,158,600 42 15.28 Minnesota 4,193,000 4,826,700 20 15.11 Oregon 2,687,000 3,091,600 29 15.06 Hawaii 1,054,000 1,207,000 41 14.52 New Jersey 7,562,000 8,562,100 9 13.23 California 26,365,000 29,773,600 1 12.93 South Carolina 3,347,000 3,756,600 27 12.24 Oklahoma 3,301,000 3,698,100 28 12.03 North Carolina 6,255,000 6,963,500 10 11.33 Montana 826,000 917,600 44 11.09 Virginia 5,706,000 6,330,600 13 10.95 Arkansas 2,359,000 2,617,000 33 10.94 Rhode Island 968,000 1,072,300 43 10.77 North Dakota 685,000 758,300 45 10.70 Louisiana 4,481,000 4,914,700 19 9.68 Delaware 622,000 682,000 47 9.65 Tennessee 4,762,000 5,208,700 17 9.38 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development Resident Resident Population Population Percent 1985 2000 Rank Change Kansas 2,450,000 2,677,800 32 9.30 % Maine 1,164,000 1,258,200 39 8.09 Nebraska 1,606,000 1,734,000 36 7.97 Wisconsin 4,775,000 5,142,800 18 7.70 Maryland 4,392,000 4,710,800 21 7.26 New York 17,783,000 18,970,500 3 6.68 Mississippi 2,613,000 2,784,300 31 6.56 Missouri 5,029,000 5,347,000 15 6.32 South Dakota 708,000 749,100 46 5.81 Indiana 5,499,000 5,757,500 14 4.70 Kentucky 3,726,000 3,862,100 25 3.65 Alabama 4,021,000 4,162,700 24 3.52 Michigan 9,088,000 9,358,400 8 2.98 Iowa 2,884,000 2,966,500 30 2.86 West Virginia 1,936,000 1,984,100 35 2.48 Illinois 11,535,000 11,773,900 6 2.07 Pennsylvania 11,853,000 12,023,700 5 1.44 Ohio 10,744,000 10,858,900 7 1.07 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Commerce News, "Estimates of the Resident Population of States, July 1, 1983 and 1984", December 1984, and Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1985 OBERS BEA Regional Projections, Vol.l, IeState Projections to 2035". PERCENT GROWTH IN POPULATION, 1985 TO 2000 i.07 to 5.81 5.81 to 9.65 9.65 to 12.93 i2.93 to 18.14 F8.i4 to 38.99 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development TABLE 4 VAIUE OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS, 1984 One measure which is indicative of the economic vitality and growth of an area is the value of construction contracts, particularly nonresidential contracts which include commercial and industrial construction. Florida ranked third in the U.S. in the value of nonresidential construction contracts in 1984. Total Construction Contracts Residential Nonresidential Including Construction Construction Non-building Contracts Contracts ($Millions) ($Millions) Rank ($Millions) Rank United States $209,861 $100,763 $73,226 California 26,789 14,374 1 9,883 1 Texas 20,425 10,368 2 7,129 2 FLORIDA 16,880 9,929 3 5,091 3 New York 9,256 3,029 8 3,646 4 Illinois 7,099 2,435 12 2,829 5 Pennsylvania 6,681 2,580 10 2,710 6 Georgia 6,620 3,694 5 2,115 10 Virginia 6,574 3,273 6 2,284 9 New Jersey 6,379 2,846 9 2,605 7 Ohio 6,246 2,309 14 2,562 8 Arizona 5,945 3,695 4 1,561 16 North Carolina 5,626 3,183 7 1,698 14 Michigan 4,925 1,910 17 2,049 11 Colorado 4,725 2,517 11 1,702 13 Maryland 4,716 2,423 13 1,614 15 Massachusetts 4,673 1,956 16 1,930 12 Louisiana 4,322 1,854 18 1,470 18 Tennessee 4,189 2,103 15 1,408 19 Washington 3,849 1,841 19 1,271 22 Minnesota 3,835 1,665 23 1,387 20 Missouri 3,774 1,694 22 1,358 21 Indiana 3,552 1,467 24 1,500 17 Oklahoma 3,284 1,749 21 1,010 24 Alabama 3,040 1,233 27 931 26 South Carolina 2,938 1,801 20 770 28 Wisconsin 2,776 1,121 28 963 25 Connecticut 2,726 1,237 26 1,018 23 Kentucky 2,483 1,253 25 713 29 Kansas 2,293 1,087 29 652 31 New Mexico 1,834 756 34 702 30 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 10 Total Construction Contracts Residential Nonresidential Including Construction Construction Non-building Contracts Contracts ($Millions) ($Millions) Rank ($Millions) Rank Oregon $1,782 $719 35 $508 33 Alaska 1,752 560 38 783 27 Mississippi 1,721 843 31 402 37 Arkansas 1,707 910 30 462 35 Iowa 1,667 590 36 583 32 Utah 1,615 801 32 494 34 Nevada 1,299 796 33 295 40 Nebraska 1,145 433 39 409 36 New Hampshire 1,041 561 37 306 39 Hawaii 881 377 40 330 38 West Virginia 832 257 46 209 41 Montana 724 281 43 179 44 Maine 682 372 41 148 46 Idaho 634 307 42 200 42 North Dakota 597 267 44 138 48 Wyo;ing 570 148 50 146 47 Rhode Island 545 238 47 196 43 South Dakota 516 222 48 125 49 Delaware 488 220 49 175 45 Vermont 430 263 45 91 50 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract the United States: 1986. TOTAL VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS. i984 ( $ MILLIONS 430 to 832 832 to 1782 1782 to 3774 3774 to 5945 5945 to 26789 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development TABLE 5 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS, 1985 The pace of residential construction is indicative of growth in an area. The availability of homes provides selection options for professional workers who might otherwise be reluctant to move. Florida ranks second in the nation in the number of residential building permits. United States 1,742,657 California 271,150 FLORIDA 206,188 Texas 139,740 Georgia 74,985 Arizona 72,084 North Carolina 68,120 Virginia 64,758 New York 63,113 New Jersey 59,688 Pennsylvania 44,757 Maryland 43,129 Tennessee 41,229 Massachusetts 40,458 Illinois 38,275 Michigan 37,643 Ohio 34,715 Washington 34,316 Colorado 31,974 South Carolina 31,480 Minnesota 28,926 Missouri 27,584 Connecticut 24,334 Indiana 23,403 Wisconsin 19,548 Alabama 18,390 Louisiana 18,212 New Hampshire 16,605 Utah 16,497 Nevada 14,016 Kentucky 13,334 Kansas 12,935 Oregon 11,977 New Mexico 11,794 Oklahoma 10,777 Arkansas 9,887 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 12 Mississippi 8,200 Maine 7,771 Hawaii 7,085 Rhode Island 5,375 Iowa 5,321 Nebraska 5,021 Delaware 4,653 Idaho 4,372 Vermont 4,042 Alaska 4,029 North Dakota 2,697 South Dakota 2,396 Montana 2,004 West Virginia 1,800 Wyoming 1,158 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Construction Review, March-April 1986. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS. 1985 ( HOUSING UNITS ] 1158 to 5021 5021 to 12935 12935 to 27584 27554 to 43129 43129 to 271150 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 13 TABLE 6 RETAIL SALES, 1985 Measures of retail sales provide information on the consumer market in a state as well as the potential commercial market for equipment, supplies, and industrial products created as a result of the high-volume consumer markets. Florida has the fourth highest total retail sales in the U.S. and ranks twelfth in per capita retail sales. 1985 1985 Total Retail Per Capita Sales Retail Sales ($000,s) ($'s) Rank United States $1,395,243,233 $5,844 California 167,364,245 6,348 14 Texas 99,656,093 6,088 19 New York 95,806,920 5,388 39 FLORIDA 73,755,983 6,489 12 Pennsylvania 64,294,512 5,424 38 Illinois 63,157,798 5,475 36 Ohio 60,783,840 5,657 29 Michigan 51,965,249 5,718 26 New Jersey 48,525,870 6,417 13 Massachusetts 42,138,986 7,238 4 North Carolina 34,422,973 5,503 35 Georgia 34,100,266 5,706 27 Virginia 33,723,860 5,910 20 Indiana 31,848,798 5,792 23 Missouri 30,762,784 6,117 18 Maryland 28,863,392 6,572 10 Minnesota 27,241,195 6,497 11 Tennessee 26,650,339 5,596 33 Wisconsin 24,990,518 5,234 42 Washington 24,663,459 5,594 34 Louisiana 23,774,409 5,306 40 Connecticut 21,908,988 6,903 6 Colorado 21,383,278 6,618 9 Oklahoma 19,433,585 5,887 21 Arizona 18,401,358 5,774 24 Alabama 18,060,674 4,492 49 Kentucky 18,060,294 4,847 44 South Carolina 17,003,771 5,080 43 Iowa 15,266,693 5,294 41 Oregon 15,159,386 5,642 30 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 14 1985 1985 Total Retail Per Capita Sales Retail Sales ($000's) ($'s) Rank Kansas $14,090,702 $5,751 25 Mississippi 11,616,489 4,446 50 Arkansas 11,074,799 4,695 48 West Virginia 9,316,191 4,812 46 Nebraska 8,997,294 5,602 31 New Mexico 8,121,092 5,601 32 Utah 7,740,514 4,705 47 New Hampshire 7,634,998 7,650 3 Nevada 7,198,994 7,691 2 Maine 7,168,994 6,159 17 Hawaii 6,682,997 6,341 15 Rhode Island 5,641,692 5,828 22 Idaho 4,854,195 4,830 45 Montana 4,706,965 5,699 28 Alaska 4,355,797 8,360 1 North Dakota 4,250,199 6,205 16 Delaware 4,216,000 6,778 7 South Dakota 3,873,345 5,471 37 Vermont 3,618,995 6,764 8 Wyoming 3,614,467 7,101 5 Source: ( Copyright 1986 by Sales & Marketing Management Magazine from the 1986 Survey of Buying Power, July 1986. Further reproduction is prohibited. TOTAL RETAIL SALES. 195 $000'S ) 3614467 to 6682997 6682997 to 14090000 14090000 to 23770000 23770000 to 34420000 34,420000 to 167300000 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 15 TABLE 7 TOTAL ASSETS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS AND SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS, 1983 One measure of the economic activity and financial resources located in a state is the value of assets held by commercial banks and savings and loans. High values indicate financial resources are available for consumer spending and/or business financing. Florida ranks second in savings and loan assets and sixth in total assets. Savings & loan Commercial Bank Association Total Assets Assets Assets ($Millions) ($Millions) Rank ($Millions) Rank United States $2,850,045 $2,019,904 $830,141 California 421,977 227,874 2 194,103 1 New York 372,485 340,458 1 32,027 7 Texas 228,545 172,091 3 56,454 3 Illinois 189,205 136,972 4 52,233 4 Pennsylvania 133,482 104,864 5 28,618 8 FLORIDA 131,559 69,149 6 62,410 2 Ohio 114,618 66,343 7 48,275 5 Michigan 90,353 61,755 8 28,598 9 New Jersey 84,196 46,540 9 37,656 6 Missouri 60,909 42,827 10 18,082 10 Minnesota 53,586 41,602 12 11,984 18 Massachusetts 51,395 42,715 11 8,680 25 Indiana 50,609 39,591 13 11,018 19 North Carolina 49,316 34,412 14 14,904 13 Virginia 48,912 33,323 16 15,589 12 Wisconsin 46,800 32,753 18 14,047 14 Georgia 46,224 33,956 15 12,268 16 Louisiana 45,011 32,959 17 12,052 17 Oklahoma 38,981 30,714 19 8,267 27 Tennessee 38,783 29,943 20 8,840 23 Washington 37,675 25,021 23 12,654 15 Maryland 37,599 21,917 26 15,682 11 Iowa 35,186 26,921 21 8,265 28 Colorado 32,883 22,252 24 10,631 20 Kentucky 32,201 25,315 22 6,886 31 Kansas 30,571 20,907 27 9,664 22 Arizona 29,241 18,988 28 10,253 21 Alabama 27,856 22,088 25 5,768 33 Connecticut 27,270 18,803 29 8,467 26 Oregon 24,018 15,334 30 8,684 24 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 16 Savings & Loan Commercial Bank Association Total Assets Assets Assets ($Millions) ($Millions) Rank ($Millions) Rank Nebraska $ 21,622 $ 14,663 32 $ 6,959 30 Arkansas 21,390 15,066 31 6,324 32 South Carolina 19,308 11,520 36 7,788 29 Mississippi 17,926 14,634 33 3,292 37 West Virginia 14,645 12,604 35 2,041 40 Utah 14,164 8,793 39 5,371 34 Delaware 13,102 12,803 34 299 49 New Mexico 12,040 8,432 40 3,608 35 South Dakota 11,731 10,435 37 1,296 43 Hawaii 10,549 7,251 41 3,298 36 Rhode Island 10,057 9,152 38 905 46 North Dakota 9,231 6,359 44 2,872 39 Montana 8,065 6,884 42 1,181 44 Nevada 7,968 5,010 45 2,958 38 Idaho 7,779 6,438 43 1,341 42 New Hampshire 6,263 4,761 46 1,502 41 Wyoming 5,459 4,298 47 1,161 45 Maine 5,014 4,206 48 808 47 Alaska 4,442 3,949 49 493 48 Vermont 3,534 3,248 50 286 50 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1985, and Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1986. TOTAL ASSETS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS AND SAVINGS & LOAN ASSNS. 1983 ( $ MILLIONS 3534 to 10057 10057 to 21622 21622 to 37675 37675 to 53586 53586 to 421977 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 17 TABLE 8 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME, 1975 to 1985 Total personal income growth is a good indicator of market growth. Florida ranks first in the Southeast and fourth in the U.S. in percent change in total income over the last decade. The Southeast is above the national average and is one of the best market areas in the country with excellent prospects for continued growth. Personal Income Personal Income 1975 1985 Percent ($Millions) Rank ($Millions) Rank Change United States $1,307,535 $3,310,545 153.19 % Arizona 12,388 31 40,775 25 229.15 Nevada 4,199 44 13,560 41 222.93 New Hampshire 4,667 41 14,931 38 219.93 FLORIDA 49,755 9 156,184 6 213.91 Texas 71,642 5 220,715 3 208.08 Colorado 16,155 26 47,859 23 196.25 Georgia 25,931 17 74,960 12 189.07 California 149,504 1 423,566 1 183.31 Utah 6,146 37 17,259 36 180.82 Virginia 29,986 12 82,980 11 176.73 New Mexico 5,735 38 15,828 37 175.99 Wyoming 2,504 49 6,734 49 168.93 Oklahoma 15,039 27 40,381 26 168.51 North Carolina 27,291 14 72,670 13 166.28 Louisiana 19,144 22 50,513 22 163.86 South Carolina 13,431 30 35,434 29 163.82 Vermont 2,465 50 6,482 50 162.96 Washington 23,427 19 61,185 18 161.17 Connecticut 22,005 20 57,408 20 160.89 Maine 5,323 40 13,835 40 159.91 MaLssachusetts 37,249 10 95,361 10 156.01 Tennessee 20,925 21 53,540 21 155.87 Maryland 27,610 13 69,680 14 152.37 Alaska 3,755 47 9,476 44 152.36 New Jersey 51,628 8 130,154 8 152.10 Arkansas 9,865 33 24,707 32 150.45 Alabama 17,241 24 42,913 24 148.90 Minnesota 23,884 18 59,068 19 147.31 Missouri 27,000 15 66,605 16 146.69 Idaho 4,569 42 11,173 43 144.54 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 18 Personal Income Personal Income 1975 1985 Percent ($Millions) Rank ($Millions) Rank Change Rhode Island $ 5,526 39 $13,465 42 143.67 % Mississippi 9,866 32 24,004 33 143.30 Oregon 13,974 28 33,921 30 142.74 Kansas 13,941 29 33,755 31 142.13 Kentucky 16,895 25 40,328 27 138.70 Hawaii 6,184 36 14,558 39 135.41 Wisconsin 26,874 16 62,815 17 133.74 New York 124,156 2 285,419 2 129.89 Nebraska 9,345 34 21,323 34 128.18 Delaware 3,894 46 8,876 46 127.94 Indiana 30,749 11 68,442 15 122.58 Ohio 64,221 6 142,110 7 121.28 Pennsylvania 72,325 4 159,276 5 120.22 Michigan 56,378 7 123,673 9 119.36 West Virginia 9,088 35 19,736 35 117.17 Illinois 78,665 3 169,999 4 116.11 Montana 4,214 43 9,067 45 115.16 South Dakota 3,720 48 7,903 48 112.45 North Dakota 3,898 45 8,255 47 111.78 Iowa 17,538 23 36,315 28 107.06 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System, August 1986. PERCENT CHANGE IN TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME. t975 TO 1985 107.06 to 127.94 127.94 to 144.54 144.54 to 59.91 'r'9-- 159.91 to 176.73 176.73 to 229.15 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 19 TABLE 9 PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME, 1975 to 1985 The economic development of a state is partially reflected in its per capita personal income and its per capita disposable personal income (income after taxes). Florida's per capita disposable income level is the second highest in the Southeast. Per Capita Per Capita Per Capita Per Capita Disposable Disposable Income Income Income 1985 Income 1975 1985 Rank 1975 United States $11,834 $5,279 $13,867 $6,069 Alaska 15,419 8,404 18,187 1 10,121 Connecticut 15,355 6,222 18,089 2 7,133 New Jersey 14,399 6,188 17,211 3 7,032 California 13,731 6,090 16,065 5 6,942 Massachusetts 13,717 5,591 16,380 4 6,464 New York 13,434 5,898 16,050 6 6,885 Maryland 13,316 5,562 15,864 7 6,642 New Hampshire 13,246 4,973 14,964 8 5,622 Colorado 12,941 5,365 14,812 9 6,247 Illinois 12,678 6,008 14,738 10 6,958 Washington 12,289 5,676 13,876 16 6,474 Virginia 12,286 5,120 14,542 11 5,930 Nevada 12,239 5,950 14,488 12 6,775 Rhode Island 12,206 5,138 13,906 15 5,840 Hawaii 11,963 6,162 13,814 17 7,067 Minnesota 11,843 5,173 14,087 14 6,084 FLORIDA 11,809 5,138 13,742 19 5,825 Delaware 11,763 5,491 14,272 13 6,614 Kansas 11,688 5,303 13,775 18 6,118 Nebraska 11,612 5,289 13,281 23 6,063 Pennsylvania 11,563 5,284 13,437 22 6,079 Texas 11,559 4,991 13,483 21 5,700 Michigan 11,492 5,356 13,608 20 6,190 Ohio 11,344 5,170 13,226 25 5,963 Missouri 11,327 4,901 13,244 24 5,630 Wisconsin 11,321 5,031 13,154 27 5,881 Wyoming 11,201 5,718 13,223 26 6,582 Arizona 11,121 4,830 12,795 28 5,418 Oregon 10,824 5,186 12,622 29 6,011 Iowa 10,819 5,218 12,594 30 6,087 North Dakota 10,730 5,346 12,052 35 6,106 Indiana 10,701 4,963 12,446 32 5,746 Georgia 10,465 4,502 12,543 31 5,126 Vermont 10,385 4,474 12,117 34 5,137 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 20 Per Capita Per Capita Per Capita Per Capita Disposable Disposable Inccme Income Income 1985 Income 1975 1985 Rank 1975 Maine $10,325 $4,440 $11,887 36 $4,959 Oklahoma 10,282 4,738 12,232 33 5,426 South Dakota 10,047 4,962 11,161 40 5,460 North Carolina 10,000 4,345 11,617 37 4,931 Idaho 9,808 4,839 11,120 41 5,491 Louisiana 9,799 4,364 11,274 38 4,925 Tennessee 9,649 4,340 11,243 39 4,911 Montana 9,436 4,931 10,974 42 5,625 Kentucky 9,292 4,265 10,824 44 4,871 New Mexico 9,256 4,408 10,914 43 4,933 South Carolina 9,137 4,106 10,586 46 4,631 Alabama 9,119 4,094 10,673 45 4,685 Arkansas 8,994 4,086 10,476 48 4,571 Utah 8,827 4,398 10,493 47 4,981 West Virginia 8,762 4,308 10,193 49 4,938 Mississippi 7,871 3,655 9,187 50 4,111 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System, August 1986. PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME, 1985 DOLLARS ) 7871 to 9649 9649 to 108519 10819 to 11563 11563 to 12289 12289 to 15419 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 21 TABLE 10 NEW BUSINESS INCORPORATIONS, 1985 New business incorporations provide another measure of a state's business climate. Florida provides an environment conducive to entrepreneurial activity within the state and a receptive atmosphere for businesses wishing to relocate or expand into the state. In 1985, Florida ranked second in the number of new business incorporations. United States 688,904 New York 72,083 FLODRIDA 71,649 California 61,160 Texas 41,370 Illinois 34,691 New Jersey 30,458 Delaware 26,606 Michigan 21,864 Pennsylvania 17,748 Georgia 17,286 Ohio 17,173 Massachusetts 15,801 Virginia 15,017 Maryland 14,239 Colorado 14,171 Arizona 12,922 North Carolina 11,796 Louisiana 11,404 Connecticut 11,208 Missouri 10,176 Indiana 9,916 Washington 9,379 Minnesota 9,209 Tennessee 8,723 Nevada 8,685 Kentucky 7,886 Oregon 7,161 South Carolina 7,072 Wisconsin 6,440 Oklahcma 6,399 Alabama 6,139 Arkansas 5,272 Kansas 4,752 Iowa 4,097 Utah 3,717 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 22 New Hampshire 3,542 Mississippi 3,160 Rhode Island 3,054 Hawaii 3,000 New Mexico 2,843 Nebraska 2,617 Maine 2,595 West Virginia 2,465 Alaska 2,132 Vermont 1,743 Idaho 1,636 Montana 1,408 Wyoming 1,031 South Dakota 944 North Dakota 866 Source: The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, Economic Analysis Department, "Current Econcmic Indicators," February 1986. � The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, 1985. NEW BUSINESS INCORPORATIONS. 19B5 866 to 2617 2617 to 6139 6139 to 99i6 9916 to 17173 17173 tO 72083 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 23 Table 11 NEW PTANTS AND EXPANSIONS, 1985 The economic growth and vitality of an area is partially reflected in the number of new plants and/or expansions. Florida ranked third in the number of new plants and third in total number of new plants and expansions nationwide in 1985. Total New Plants Rank Expansions Rank United States 3,836 2,432 1,404 California 584 197 1 387 1 Illinois 241 156 2 85 2 FLORIDA 185 152 3 33 14 North Carolina 183 120 4 63 4 New York 167 90 7 77 3 Kentucky 138 76 13 62 5 Texas 133 96 5 37 10 Virginia 130 93 6 37 10 Indiana 129 86 8 43 8 Michigan 127 72 14 55 6 Missouri 119 78 12 41 9 Pennsylvania 106 80 11 26 15 Georgia 97 82 10 15 23 Wisconsin 96 60 17 36 13 New Jersey 96 86 8 10 30 Louisiana 93 39 24 54 7 Alabama 87 63 15 24 16 Ohio 81 62 16 19 21 Mississippi 80 56 18 24 16 Kansas 74 37 25 37 10 Connecticut 65 55 19 10 30 Maryland 58 47 21 11 27 Oklahoma 57 37 25 20 20 South Carolina 56 48 20 8 34 Massachusetts 56 44 22 12 25 Oregon 55 34 28 21 18 Tennessee 54 40 23 14 24 Nevada 43 36 27 7 37 Arkansas 41 20 34 21 18 Wyoming 37 27 30 10 30 Arizona 36 31 29 5 38 West Virginia 32 15 38 17 22 Minnesota 30 22 32 8 34 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 24 Total New Plants Rank Expansions Rank Iowa 30 18 35 12 25 Colorado 29 26 31 3 42 Nebraska 25 14 40 11 27 Delaware 24 15 38 9 33 Washington 23 18 35 5 38 New Mexico 23 22 32 1 45 South Dakota 20 12 41 8 34 Rhode Island 20 17 37 3 42 Maine 20 9 44 11 27 Utah 12 10 43 2 44 Montana 11 11 42 0 47 Vermont 10 5 45 5 38 New Hamshire 9 5 45 4 41 Idaho 5 5 45 0 47 Hawaii 5 4 48 1 45 Alaska 3 3 49 0 47 North Dakota 1 1 50 0 47 Source: Reprinted from Site Selection Handbook, February 1986, by permission of the publisher, Conway Data, Inc., Atlanta. Further reproduction is prohibited. TOTAL NEW PLANTS AND EXPANSIONS. 1985 i to 20 20 to 36 36 to 65 65 to i9s | ~ {i19 to 594 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 25 TABLE 12 DEPARBVENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTS, 1985 Florida ranks eighth in net value of Defense Department prime contract awards over $25,000 for the twenty-five procurement programs in 1985. The impact of defense contract spending goes beyond the prime contractor into the local economy through the sub-contracting activities of the contract holder. Small businessess throughout Florida participate in the Defense Industry as sub-contractors providing products and services as diverse as machine tools and computer software. United States $138,595,979 (000's) California 29,114,566 Texas 10,561,556 New York 10,032,702 Massachusetts 7,713,546 Missouri 7,612,713 Virginia 6,166,768 Connecticut 5,543,448 FLORIDA 5,271,239 Ohio 4,648,327 Maryland 4,608,106 Pennsylvania 4,148,728 New Jersey 3,862,142 Washington 3,559,364 Georgia 3,520,329 Indiana 3,176,772 Michigan 2,789,002 Minnesota 2,297,918 Louisiana 2,175,371 Kansas 2,138,934 Arizona 2,005,768 Illinois 1,693,394 Colorado 1,563,371 Alabama 1,417,942 Mississippi 1,309,653 Wisconsin 1,064,501 North Carolina 1,028,561 Maine 956,753 Arkansas 809,597 Tennessee 793,420 Utah 788,794 New Hampshire 678,188 Hawaii 626,153 Oklahoma 602,378 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 26 Iowa $589,762 Alaska 550,403 Kentucky 505,511 New Mexico 492,284 South Carolina 490,286 Rhode Island 431,269 Delaware 261,408 Oregon 255,885 North Dakota 206,535 Nebraska 193,460 Vermont 163,429 Nevada 127,615 Wyoming 124,586 Montana 101,983 West Virginia 90,336 South Dakota 77,546 Idaho 50,430 Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Directorate For Information, Operations and Reports, "Prime Contract Awards by Regions and State, Fiscal Years 1985, 1984, and 1983", 1986. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PRIME CONTRACT AWARDS. 1985 504qC to 255885 255i,5 to 678198 57b888 to 1693394 1893394 to 4148728 4148728 to 291i0000 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 27 TABLE 13 AICITURAL STATISTICS Agriculture plays an important role in many state economies. Florida ranks second in the U.S. in fresh vegetable production and leads the nation in citrus, honey, and sugarcane production. Florida's second place ranking in net income per farm before inventory adjustment indicates the strength of its agriculture industry. Fresh Vegetable Total Production Net Income 1985 Per Farm (100's of lbs.) 1984 Rank United States 217,854 $ 11,448 California 107,702 42,772 3 FLORIDA 25,977 47,283 2 YArizona 14,364 18,735 13 Texas 8,890 9,315 29 Oregon 8,397 12,416 24 New York 8,297 6,365 34 Michigan 7,239 332 47 Colorado 6,997 21,107 11 Washington 5,832 22,961 8 Idaho 3,740 19,012 12 New Jersey 2,865 16,702 16 Ohio 2,641 4,820 42 Wisconsin 2,325 13,523 21 New Mexico 2,119 7,179 32 Pennsylvania 1,819 12,479 23 Tennessee 1,260 4,148 43 South Carolina 1,155 6,786 33 Virginia 912 6,065 39 Massachusetts 907 24,164 7 Utah 720 6,307 35 Minnesota 660 8,334 31 North Carolina 595 15,392 18 Alabama 545 11,700 26 Arkansas 340 16,720 15 Illinois 326 6,109 38 Connecticut 314 26,442 6 Georgia 279 21,614 9 Maryland 277 12,146 25 Hawaii 171 51,733 1 Indiana 158 -123 48 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 28 Fresh Vegetable Total Production Net Income 1985 Per Farm (100's of lbs.) 1984 Rank Louisiana 31 $ 2,511 46 Wyoming 0 -7,461 50 West Virginia 0 -1,441 49 Vermont 0 10,466 28 South Dakota 0 16,827 14 Rhode Island 0 42,533 4 Oklahoma 0 4,949 41 North Dakota 0 13,044 22 NewHampshire 0 5,543 40 Nevada 0 13,889 19 Nebraska 0 21,548 10 Montana 0 3,458 44 Missouri 0 3,422 45 Mississippi 0 6,306 36 Maine 0 9,175 30 Kentucky 0 6,131 37 Kansas 0 10,757 27 Iowa 0 13,824 20 Delaware 0 39,833 5 Alaska 0 15,846 17 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector, "State Financial Summary, 1984", January 1986 and Statistical Reporting Service, Crop Reporting Board, Vegetables: 1985 Preliminary Report, December 1985. FRESH VEGETABLE PRODUCTION. i985 ( iOO'S OF LBS. 0 to 279 279 to 720 720 to 2119 21�9 to 7239 7239 to 1 07702 I~~~~~~~~~ Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 29 TABLE 14 TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS Accessibility is a key factor in selecting a location for new facilities. An extensive transportation network provides efficient access to the home market while bringing distant markets closer. Florida provides an exceptional transportation system whether on the ground, in the air, or on the water. It ranks in the top ten states in all three areas. Imports/Exports Imports/Exports Number of Air & Water Air & Water Miles of International Value($) Weight(lbs.) Interstate Airports 1984 1984 1984 1984 Rank (000's) Rank (000's) Rank United States 43,291 58 420,805,905 1,523,348,072 Texas 3,126 7 1 38,475,148 4 259,121,584 2 California 2,380 2 12 89,651,119 3 116,586,642 4 Illinois 1,718 1 14 11,610,836 9 9,529,952 24 Ohio 1,548 3 9 2,416,359 18 59,423,076 9 Pennsylvania 1,527 0 16 10,219,999 11 74,352,963 7 New York 1,493 6 2 91,882,314 2 122,373,207 3 FLORIDA 1,302 6 2 18,285,845 7 71,216,460 8 Georgia 1,219 0 16 8,129,872 12 20,207,815 16 Montana 1,147 3 9 33,759 34 2,040 34 Missouri 1,142 0 16 77,822 32 5,342 32 Arizona 1,140 4 7 10,913 38 798 38 Michigan 1,129 3 9 1,514,785 23 16,855,487 18 Indiana 1,112 0 16 207,687 30 5,853,457 27 Alaska 1,091 4 7 1,337,775 25 9,565,143 23 Tennessee 1,031 0 16 61,965 33 4,077 33 Virginia 1,024 0 16 10,900,533 10 100,140,130 5 New Mexico 1,000 0 16 1,557 40 60 41 Oklahoma 926 0 16 8,071 39 250 40 Colorado 926 0 16 31,065 35 1,301 37 Wyoming 904 0 16 0 48 0 48 Minnesota 878 5 5 192,246,772 1 11,463,771 21 Alabama 857 0 16 2,117,517 21 31,396,147 12 Utah 833 0 16 23,266 36 1,389 35 Kansas 811 0 16 382 42 6 46 North Carolina 796 0 16 2,248,859 20 9,624,034 22 South Carolina 784 0 16 5,699,165 14 11,704,607 20 Iowa 761 0 16 238 43 26 42 Kentucky 738 0 16 1,271 41 295 39 Washington 723 6 2 23,586,492 6 89,957,690 6 Oregon 718 0 16 5,516,337 15 40,209,520 11 Louisiana 693 0 16 28,014,323 5 277,416,894 1 Mississippi 686 0 16 2,964,422 17 30,543,028 13 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 30 South Dakota 677 0 16 0 48 0 48 Idaho 606 0 16 0 48 0 48 Wisconsin 578 0 16 1,195,699 26 12,618,383 19 North Dakota 571 5 5 12,897 37 1,355 36 Massachusetts 562 0 16 7,224,125 13 22,458,138 15 Arkansas 541 0 16 100 46 8 45 Nevada 539 0 16 164 45 11 44 Nebraska 481 0 16 203 44 5 47 West Virginia 480 0 16 69 47 22 43 New Jersey 383 0 16 3,285,954 16 26,974,438 14 Maryland 377 0 16 14,817,275 8 49,944,992 10 Connecticut 336 0 16 1,400,114 24 8,599,476 25 Vermont 320 1 14 155,257 31 8,050 31 Maine 312 2 12 494,353 28 5,300,810 28 New Hamnpshire 207 0 16 224,342 29 3,223,011 29 Rhode Island 70 0 16 786,385 27 2,408,121 30 Delaware 41 0 16 2,385,554 19 16,921,769 17 Hawaii 35 0 16 1,957,946 22 7,531,202 26 NOrTE: The term "international airport" indicates an "international airport for customs purposes." (IFIM, p.448) Sources: U.S. Department of Coiiierce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Waterborne Exports and General Imports , FT986-84-13, and U.S. Airborne Exports and General Imports, FT86-84-13; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,Selected Highway Statistics and Charts, 1985; Federal Aviation Administration, International Flight Information Manual, Volume 34, April 1986. MILES OF INTERSTATE. I984 35 to 460 !kXX\\ \480 to 693 693 to 876 878 to i140 i140 to 3126 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 31 TABLE 15 DIRECT EXPORIS, 1983 As a component of the foreign trade sector, direct exports are an important measure of increased business transactions through international markets. Florida ranks 14th in both the value of manufacturers' shipments and in direct export-related manufacturing employment. Value of Manufacturers' Export Related Shipments Employment 1983 1983 ($Millions) (Thousands) Rank United States $142,307.3 1,125.2 California 16,579.5 152.6 1 Texas 11,486.1 76.1 3 Michigan 10,391.0 58.0 5 New York 8,779.7 77.9 2 Ohio 8,352.7 68.4 4 Washington 7,590.4 42.8 9 Illinois 6,362.0 52.8 7 Pennsylvania 5,496.0 56.1 6 Massachusetts 4,889.3 49.9 8 North Carolina 4,525.8 33.0 10 Indiana 4,000.4 30.5 13 New Jersey 3,669.5 32.4 12 Louisiana 3,356.5 9.2 30 FLORIDA 3,343.4 26.3 14 Connecticut 3,203.5 32.6 11 Wisconsin 2,941.5 25.4 15 Missouri 2,869.1 19.7 17 Tennessee 2,769.5 19.4 18 Virginia 2,740.2 19.4 18 Minnesota 2,578.9 22.3 16 Georgia 2,255.4 19.0 20 Alabama 1,850.5 14.0 25 Iowa 1,806.6 12.2 26 South Carolina 1,748.1 14.9 24 Oklahoma 1,605.2 11.4 28 Arkansas 1,575.1 8.7 31 Kentucky 1,536.9 9.4 29 Colorado 1,526.2 18.5 21 Oregon 1,481.7 15.7 23 Arizona 1,349.1 18.1 22 Mississippi 1,173.1 7.7 32 Kansas 1,144.4 7.5 33 Maryland 1,060.4 11.6 27 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 32 Value of Manufacturers' Export Related Shipments Employment 1983 1983 ($Millions) (Thousands) Rank Nebraska $ 735.1 4.7 37 West Virginia 725.5 4.0 40 Delaware 704.0 2.8 42 Alaska 574.4 3.0 41 Utah 512.0 5.5 36 Rhode Island 502.3 7.3 34 New Hampshire 487.3 6.7 35 Maine 481.1 4.4 39 Vermont 377.2 4.7 37 Idaho 367.2 2.3 43 Hawaii 172.8 .5 47 South Dakota 152.8 .7 46 North Dakota 151.1 .9 45 Nevada 101.3 1.0 44 Montana 88.3 .5 47 New Mexico 75.5 .4 49 Wyoming 16.6 .1 50 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1983 Annual Survey of Manufactures, "Origin of Exports of Manufactured Products", March, 1986. VALUE OF MANUFACTURERS' SHIPMENTS. i983 ( $ MILLIONS 1 16.6 to 48.t1 481.1 to 1173.1 1173.1 to 2a5.4 2255.4 to 4000.4 4000.4 to 16579.5 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 33 TABLE 16 FOREIGN TRADE ZONES, 1986 Foreign trade zones are considered an important stimulus to international marketing. Florida is third in the number of approved foreign trade zones in 1986. United States 119 Texas 16 New York 11 FLODRIDA 6 Ohio 5 Washington 4 North Carolina 4 California 4 South Carolina 3 Pennsylvania 3 Michigan 3 Maryland 3 Louisiana 3 Illinois 3 Arizona 3 Alabama 3 Vermont 2 Tennessee 2 Oklahoma 2 New Jersey 2 Nevada 2 Nebraska 2 Missouri 2 Minnesota 2 Massachusetts 2 Kentucky 2 Indiana 2 Georgia 2 Connecticut 2 Colorado 2 Wisconsin 1 Virginia 1 Utah 1 Rhode Island 1 Oregon 1 North Dakota 1 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 34 New Mexico 1 New Hampshire 1 Montana 1 Mississippi 1 Maine 1 Kansas 1 Iowa 1 Hawaii 1 Delaware 1 Arkansas 1 Alaska 1 wyomidng 0 West Virginia 0 South Dakota 0 Idaho 0 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Foreign- Trade Zones Board, unpublished data as of March 1986. FOREIGN TRADE ZONES, 1986 ( NUMBER APPROVED ] ~ot i 0 to I I to 2 2 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 16 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 35 LABOR TABLE 17 MANUFACTIURING EMPLOYMENT, 1975 to 1985 Competition among the states for locating new industry continues to be intense. Firms make site selections only after long and deliberate evaluation of factors such as location suitability, tax structure, training facilities, labor availability and wage rates. The ability of a state to attract new industry can be measured in terms of its increase in manufacturing jobs. Using this measure, the data below show Florida is the leading state in the Southeast and ranks third in the nation in the number of manufacturing jobs created. Manufacturing Manufacturing Employment Employment Net Change 1975 1985 1975-1985 (000's) Rank (000's) Rank (000's) United States 18,323.0 19,426.0 1,103.0 California 1,586.9 1 2,089.5 1 502.6 Texas 815.9 7 1,004.6 5 188.7 FLORIDA 339.4 19 515.2 13 175.8 Georgia 439.3 14 554.3 12 115.0 North Carolina 715.5 9 827.4 8 111.9 Massachusetts 577.8 11 661.1 10 83.3 Louisiana 96.1 36 178.3 31 82.2 Arizona 99.8 34 180.7 30 80.9 Minnesota 312.9 21 374.9 19 62.0 Colorado 137.2 31 193.3 29 56.1 Virginia 371.5 17 423.3 17 51.8 Washington 244.0 23 294.1 22 50.1 New Hampshire 85.1 38 123.1 34 38.0 Alabama 321.9 20 356.5 21 34.6 Arkansas 179.2 28 210.2 26 31.0 Tennessee 459.0 13 489.3 15 30.3 Utah 67.5 39 93.9 37 26.4 South Carolina 339.9 18 365.1 20 25.2 Missouri 405.3 15 429.3 16 24.0 Oklahoma 150.7 30 172.4 33 21.7 Connecticut 389.8 16 410.6 18 20.8 Mississippi 201.8 26 221.2 24 19.4 Oregon 182.1 27 199.9 28 17.8 Kanlsas 164.2 29 174.3 32 10.1 Vermont 39.5 42 49.5 42 10.0 Maine 96.3 35 106.2 36 9.9 Nevada 12.2 48 21.9 45 9.7 New Mexico 28.6 43 37.3 43 8.7 Wisconsin 507.0 12 514.8 14 7.8 South Dakota 19.8 46 27.4 44 7.6 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Econcomic Development 38 Manufacturing Manufacturing Employment Employment Net Change 1975 1985 1975-1985 (000's) Rank (000's) Rank (000's) Idaho 47.8 41 55.2 41 7.4 Rhode Island 112.7 33 119o5 35 6.8 Delaware 65.7 40 72.1 40 6.4 Nebraska 85.4 37 88.9 39 3.5 Alaska 9.6 49 11.8 49 2.2 Michigan 983.7 6 984.1 6 .4 Wyoming 8.3 50 7.9 50 -.4 Montana 22.1 45 21.7 47 -.4 North Dakota 16.2 47 15.4 48 -.8 Hawaii 23.7 44 21.8 46 -1.9 Kentucky 259.7 22 255.5 23 -4.2 Maryland 230.0 25 217.1 25 -12.9 Iowa 230.4 24 204.9 27 -25.5 New Jersey 747.9 8 719.1 9 -28.8 West Virginia 121.1 32 89.6 38 -31.5 Indiana 647.2 10 610.3 11 -36.9 New York 1,421.9 2 1,295.2 2 -126.7 Ohio 1,267.5 4 1,123.1 3 -144.4 Illinois 1,199.8 5 981.1 7 -218o7 Pennsylvania 1,334.8 3 1,089.5 4 -245.3 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment, Hours, and Earnings, Vol.33, No.5, May 1986. NET CHANGE IN MANUFACTURING JOBS, 1975 TO 1985 ( THOUSANDS OF JOBS ) -245.3 to -4.2 -4.2 to 7.4 7.4 to 20.8 20.8 to 51.8 51.8 to 502.6 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 39 TABLE 18 NONFARM EMPLOYMENT, 1975 to 1985 The size and growth of a state's nonfarm employment reflects the pace of business activity in the state. Florida's nonfarm employment is currently the sixth largest in the nation. With an increase of 1,676,000 new jobs, Florida is the third fastest growing state in terms of nonfarm employment. Nonfarm Nonfarm Employment Employment Net Change 1975 1985 1975-1985 (000's) Rank (000's) Rank (000's) United States 76,945.0 97,699.0 20,754.0 California 7,847.2 1 10,965.3 1 3,118.1 Texas 4,462.9 3 6,681.3 3 2,218.4 FLORIDA 2,746.4 8 4,422.4 6 1,676.0 New York 6,829.9 2 7,754.7 2 924.8 Georgia 1,755.7 14 2,565.8 12 810.1 New Jersey 2,699.9 9 3,419.0 9 719.1 Virginia 1,778.7 13 2,447.1 13 668.4 North Carolina 1,979.9 11 2,645.6 11 665.7 Massachusetts 2,273.1 10 2,925.7 10 652.6 Arizona 729.1 31 1,277.5 26 548.4 Washington 1,225.7 21 1,707.6 20 481.9 Colorado 963.5 27 1,422.4 23 458.9 Maryland 1,479.3 18 1,885.1 17 405.8 Minnesota 1,474.2 19 1,866.1 18 391.9 Michigan 3,136.6 7 3,505.2 8 368.6 Ohio 4,016.2 6 4,378.6 7 362.4 Missouri 1,740.6 15 2,096.5 15 355.9 Tennessee 1,505.7 17 1,860.8 19 355.1 Illinois 4,418.9 5 4,767.1 4 348.2 Louisiana 1,249.5 20 1,597.5 21 348.0 Connecticut 1,223.4 22 1,568.5 22 345.1 South Carolina 982.6 26 1,299.1 25 316.5 Pennsylvania 4,435.8 4 4,736.3 5 300.5 Wisconsin 1,676.8 16 1,976.8 16 300.0 Oklahoma 899.7 28 1,180.1 28 280.4 Alabama 1,155.4 23 1,422.2 24 266.8 Indiana 1,941.7 12 2,176.8 14 235.1 Oregon 837.4 29 1,029.0 30 191.6 Kentucky 1,057.6 24 1,247.6 27 190.0 Utah 440.3 36 624.6 35 184.3 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 40 Nonfarm Nonfarm Employment Employment Net Change 1975 1985 1975-1985 (000's) Rank (000's) Rank (000's) Nevada 263.1 43 445.8 40 182.7 Arkansas 623.8 33 800.1 33 176.3 Kansas 801.2 30 975.3 31 174.1 New Hampshire 292.8 41 466.3 38 173.5 New Mexico 370.2 37 518.1 37 147.9 Mississippi 692.3 32 837.8 32 145.5 Maine 356.9 38 459.1 39 102.2 Nebraska 557.8 35 650.3 34 92.5 Hawaii 342.8 40 423.1 42 80.3 Rhode Island 349.2 39 425.8 41 76.6 Iowa 998.7 25 1,074.7 29 76.0 Alaska 161.8 49 231.4 48 69.6 Idaho 273.0 42 338.3 43 65.3 Delaware 229.9 45 293.0 44 63.1 Vermont 162.1 48 223.8 49 61.7 Wyoming 146,0 50 204.9 50 58.9 North Dakota 203.6 47 251.2 46 47.6 Montana 238.1 44 278.4 45 40.3 South Dakota 209.3 46 247.7 47 38.4 West Virginia 574.7 34 596.1 36 21.4 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment, Hours, and Earnings, Vol.33, No.5, May 1986. NET CHANGE IN NONFARM EMPLOYMENT. 1975 TO 1985 21400 to 76000 76000 to 182700 182700 to 345100 345100 to 481900 481900 to 3118100 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 41 TABLE 19 PRIME WORKING AGE POPUIATION, 1985 One indicator of labor availability is the size of the prime working age population--the number of persons 18 to 44 years of age. A sizeable population in this age category facilitates the recruitment of a work force. Florida's prime working age population is the seventh largest in the nation, disproving the notion that Florida's residents are mostly of retirement age. United States 102,273,000 California 11,931,000 New York 7,477,000 Texas 7,244,000 Illinois 4,882,000 Pennsylvania 4,813,000 Ohio 4,470,000 FLORIDA 4,412,000 iMichigan 3,896,000 New Jersey 3,138,000 North Carolina 2,747,000 Georgia 2,652,000 Virginia 2,591,000 Massachusetts 2,549,000 Indiana 2,320,000 Missouri 2,055,000 Tennessee 2,042,000 Wisconsin 2,013,000 Washington 1,977,000 Maryland 1,971,000 Louisiana 1,932,000 Minnesota 1,799,000 Alabama 1,673,000 Kentucky 1,580,000 Colorado 1,543,000 South Carolina 1,479,000 Oklahoma 1,380,000 Arizona 1,349,000 Connecticut 1,345,000 Iowa 1,174,000 Oregon 1,173,000 Mississippi 1,061,000 Kansas 1,015,000 Arkansas 937,000 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 42 West Virginia 791,000 Utah 686,000 Nebraska 657,000 New Mexico 616,000 Maine 489,000 Hawaii 474,000 New Hampshire 448,000 Nevada 440,000 Idaho 415,000 Rhode Island 412,000 Montana 351,000 North Dakota 288,000 South Dakota 281,000 Delaware 271,000 Alaska 259,000 Vermont 240,000 Wyoming 236,000 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, unpublished data as of July 1986. PRIME WORKING AGE POPULATION. i985 ( PERSONS ) 236000 to 440000 440000 to 1061000 1061000 to 1799000 1799000 to 2652000 2652000 to 11930000 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 43 TABLE 20 GROWTH IN CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE, 1980 to 1985 The size of a state's civilian labor force and its rate of growth is one measure of labor availability. Florida's labor force in 1985 was the sixth largest in the nation and the second fastest growing in the last five years, far outpacing any other state in the Southeast. Civilian Civilian Labor Force Labor Force 1980 1985 Percent (000's) (000's) Rank Change United States 106,285 115,461 8.63% Alaska 188 253 49 34.57 FLORIDA 4,271 5,338 6 24.98 Texas 6,737 8,053 3 19.53 Arizona 1,238 1,477 28 19.31 Nevada 431 509 40 18.10 Utah 634 730 36 15.14 Oklahoma 1,368 1,573 26 14.99 New Mexico 562 646 37 14.95 Colorado 1,500 1,720 23 14.67 New Haqpshire 469 537 39 14.50 Georgia 2,543 2,865 13 12.66 South Carolina 1,388 1,563 27 12.61 Virginia 2,561 2,872 12 12.14 California 11,584 12,937 1 11.68 Louisiana 1,788 1,987 21 11.13 Delaware 284 315 47 10.92 North Dakota 303 336 46 10.89 Vermont 250 277 48 10.80 Idaho 429 471 43 9.79 Montana 370 405 44 9.46 Hawaii 440 481 42 9.32 Maine 507 552 38 8.88 North Carolina 2,855 3,106 10 8.79 Wyoming 234 253 49 8.12 Tennessee 2,080 2,245 18 7.93 Alabama 1,674 1,803 22 7.71 New Jersey 3,594 3,853 9 7.21 Missouri 2,307 2,472 15 7.15 Connecticut 1,601 1,711 24 6.87 Massachusetts 2,867 3,061 11 6.77 Nebraska 763 813 34 6.55 Rhode Island 471 500 41 6.16 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 44 Civilian Civilian Labor Force Labor Force 1980 1985 Percent (000's) (000's) Rank Change Washington 1,985 2,105 20 6.05% Minnesota 2,111 2,234 19 5.83 Mississippi 1,061 1,121 32 5.66 Arkansas 1,000 1,051 33 5.10 Kansas 1,184 1,244 31 5.07 Maryland 2,158 2,253 17 4.40 New York 7,978 8,308 2 4.14 Indiana 2,628 2,735 14 4.07 South Dakota 335 347 45 3.58 Oregon 1,297 1,327 30 2.31 Illinois 5,551 5,673 4 2.20 Kentucky 1,662 1,695 25 1.99 Pennsylvania 5,435 5,519 5 1.55 Wisconsin 2,340 2,374 16 1.45 Michigan 4,293 4,352 8 1.37 Ohio 5,089 5,130 7 .81 Iowa 1,432 1,416 29 -1.12 West Virginia 788 765 35 -2.92 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, News, "State Unemployment in 1985", Issue No. USDL 86-83 and unpublished data as of August 1986. PERCENT CHANGE IN CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE. i980 TO 1985 -2.92 to 3.58 3.58 to 6.55 6.55 to 9.32 9.32 to 12.66 12.66 to 34.57 Florida and the Other Forty-nine 45 Division of Economic Development Table 21 GROWTH IN HIGH TECHNOLOGY EMPLOYMENT, 1980-85 Florida's definition of high technology industries include manufacturing of electronic computing equipment, drugs and pharmaceuticals, measuring and controlling instruments, as well as space vehicles and parts and guided missiles. Service industries in software and programming and research and development laboratories add to the diversity of high technology as an important component of Florida's economy. In 1985, Florida ranked sixth in high technology employment in the U.S. and first in the Southeast. 1985 High 1980 High Percent Technology Technology Change Employment Employment 1980-85 United States 3,823,222 3,330,507 14.8 California 873,299 731,182 19.4 New York 277,214 258,984 7.0 Massachusetts 259,374 215,043 20.6 Texas 227,625 194,908 16.8 New Jersey 177,639 162,758 9.1 FLORIDA 149,879 117,021 28.1 Pennsylvania 147,829 140,974 4.9 Illinois 134,626 146,439 -8.1 Connecticut 126,282 126,855 -.5 Washington 114,029 106,190 7.4 Ohio 110,754 97,613 13.5 Minnesota 94,001 78,300 20.1 Arizona 93,570 77,225 21.2 Missouri 78,869 68,610 15.0 North Carolina 77,317 54,908 40.8 Indiana 73,683 79,867 -7.7 Maryland 72,070 56,735 27.0 Colorado 70,589 51,901 36.0 Virginia 69,228 45,326 52.7 Michigan 58,484 48,893 19.6 Georgia 49,358 31,323 57.6 Kansas 45,228 55,160 -18.0 New Hampshire 42,441 32,661 29.9 Tennessee 37,400 25,317 47.7 Wisconsin 37,162 39,453 -5.8 Alabama 36,111 23,722 52.2 Oregon 35,225 31,584 11.5 Utah 35,209 26,536 32.7 Oklahoma 27,397 29,024 -5.6 New Mexico 21,618 16,292 32.7 South Carolina 20,110 20,890 -3.7 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 46 Iowa 17,348 18,336 -5.4 Nebraska 15,243 15,444 -1.3 Vermont 15,203 13,886 9.5 Rhode Island 14,120 11,657 21.1 Louisiana 11,968 11,706 2.2 Arkansas 11,224 10,511 6.8 Maine 11,071 8,614 28.5 Idaho 10,893 10,549 3.3 Nevada 10,784 7,378 46.2 Kentucky 8,314 8,133 2.2 Mississippi 7,158 7,447 -3.9 South Dakota 4,389 4,948 -11.3 Delaware 4,234 4,593 -7.8 West Virginia 2,685 2,622 2.4 North Dakota 798 771 3.5 Hawaii 669 288 132.3 Montana 503 508 -1.0 Wyoming 383 339 13.0 Alaska 127 130 -2.3 Source: U.S. Department of labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, unpublished data as of August 1986. HIGH TECH EMPLOYMENT. 1985 127 to 8314 63i4 to 20110 20110 to 49350 49358 to 110754 i10754 to 873299 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 47 Table 22 NUMBER OF REGISTERED ENGINEERS The availability of technically trained labor is an important factor in the location of a high technology manufacturing enterprise. Florida ranks third in terms of growth in registered engineers and sixth in total number of registered engineers. Registered Registered Engineers Engineers Percent 1975 Rank 1985 Rank Change United States 402,649 560,137 39.11% Alaska 1,193 48 3,151 44 164.12 Wyoming 1,327 47 3,317 42 149.96 FLORIDA 8,815 15 19,489 6 121.09 California 41,551 1 83,093 1 99.98 Arkansas 2,452 40 4,887 34 99.31 South Carolina 3,057 35 5,711 30 86.82 North Carolina 5,047 26 9,268 21 83.63 Utah 2,138 43 3,915 37 83.12 Idaho 1,864 45 3,295 43 76.77 Arizona 3,929 30 6,909 27 75.85 Virginia 6,501 21 11,376 16 74.99 Louisiana 7,340 18 12,431 15 69.36 South Dakota 954 50 1,594 50 67.09 North Dakota 1,109 49 1,804 49 62.67 Michigan 11,230 9 18,150 8 61.62 Wisconsin 9,643 13 14,995 11 55.50 Maine 2,273 41 3,502 41 54.07 Georgia 5,871 22 9,000 22 53.30 Montana 1,591 46 2,429 48 52.67 Kentucky 5,145 24 7,833 24 52.24 Maryland 6,738 20 10,205 18 51.45 New Mexico 3,359 33 5,069 33 50.91 New Hampshire 2,865 36 4,262 36 48.76 Nevada 2,582 38 3,823 39 48.06 Connecticut 4,081 29 6,000 29 47.02 Texas 29,995 2 42,561 2 41.89 West Virginia 3,900 31 5,471 32 40.28 Colorado 9,893 12 13,734 12 38.83 Rhode Island 1,930 44 2,659 47 37.77 Indiana 8,070 16 11,111 17 37.68 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 48 Registered Registered Engineers Engineers Percent 1975 Rank 1985 Rank Change Nebraska 2,844 37 3,898 38 37.06 % Oregon 5,144 25 7,027 26 36.61 Alabama 7,314 19 9,912 19 35.52 Hawaii 2,256 42 2,940 46 30.32 Washington 9,950 11 12,907 14 29.72 Minnesota 5,572 23 7,109 25 27.58 Iowa 3,848 32 4,881 35 26.85 New Jersey 13,455 8 16,832 9 25.10 Kansas 5,004 27 6,208 28 24.06 Pennsylvania 23,433 4 28,319 3 20.85 Missouri 11,004 10 13,043 13 18.53 Vermont 2,503 39 2,949 45 17.82 Mississippi 4,793 28 5,627 31 17.40 Delaware 3,119 34 3,619 40 16.03 Oklahoma 7,728 17 8,901 23 15.18 Ohio 24,019 3 27,358 4 13.90 Tennessee 9,084 14 9,892 20 8.89 New York 23,243 5 23,313 5 .30 Illinois 19,691 7 18,678 7 -5.14 Massachusetts 22,202 6 15,680 10 -29.38 Source: National Council of Engineering Examiners, Pre-Convention Reports, 1975 and 1985. � Pre-Convention Reports, 1975 and 1985. Registered Engineers data are used with permission of the National Council of Engineering Examiners. Further reproduction is prohibited. PERCENT CHANGE IN NUMBER OF REGISTERED ENGINEERS. 1975 TO i985 -29.38 to i8.53 18.53 to 37.06 37.06 to 51.45 51.45 to 74.99 74.99 to 164.12 A~~~ Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 49 TABLE 23 UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION BENEFITS PAID PER COVERED WORKER, 1985 One important sigh of a healthy work environment is a relatively small number of people drawing unemployment compensation. One measure which is indicative of this environment is the unemployment conmpensation benefits paid per covered worker. Lower benefit levels generally are associated with fewer unemployed workers and more restrictive benefits, creating more incentive to remain employed. Florida ranked second lowest in the nation in 1985 for unemployment benefits paid per covered worker. United States $ 156.99 New Hampshire 39.05 FLORIDA 58.54 South Dakota 61.72 Virginia 63.99 Arizona 66.25 Delaware 78.31 Georgia 85.54 Indiana 91.38 North Carolina 96.95 Missouri 99.77 Tennessee 102.33 Texas 104.23 Nebraska 105.24 South Carolina 117.22 Connecticut 118.79 Maryland 121.86 Colorado 127.65 Alabama 129.99 Mississippi 130.20 New Mexico 134.41 Hawaii 146.39 Massachusetts 147.88 Vermont 149.70 Kansas 150.68 Utah 150.89 Kentucky 152.37 Arkansas 153.64 Oklahoma 154.26 Maine 158.19 Nevada 162.08 New York 162.51 Wyoming 170.87 Iowa 176.36 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 50 Ohio $ 180.55 California 181.13 Minnesota 181.61 Rhode Island 191.38 Michigan 195.35 Illinois 205.72 New Jersey 208.08 North Dakota 210.14 Montana 215.15 Idaho 217.99 Wisconsin 219.03 Pennsylvania 246.80 Washington 258.72 Oregon 261.98 West Virginia 273.62 Louisiana 307.92 Alaska 560.04 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Division of Actuarial Services, unpublished data as of July 1986. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION BENEFITS PAID PER WORKER, 1985 ( DOLLARS ] 39.05 to 99.77 99.77 to 134.'41 134.41 to 162.08 152.08 to 208.08.) 208.08 to 560.04 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development TABLE 24 EMPLOYER'S AVERAGE UNEMPDLOYMENT COMPENSATION CONTRIBUTION RATES, 1985 A significant portion of a firm's expenses are labor related. The average employer contribution rate gives some indication of unemployment copensation cost to the firm. Florida's 0.5 percent rate is the lowest in the nation. United States 1.2 FLORIDA .5 Arizona .6 New Hampshire .6 Nebraska .7 South Dakota .7 Texas .7 Virginia .7 Georgia .8 Tennessee .9 Oklahoma .9 Missouri .9 South Carolina 1.0 Connecticut 1.0 Indiana 1.0 Maryland 1.0 Massachusetts 1.0 Hawaii 1.1 New Mexico 1.1 New York 1.1 California 1.2 Delaware 1.2 Minnesota 1.2 Mississippi 1.2 Colorado 1.2 Arkansas 1.3 Nevada 1.3 Kansas 1.3 Kentucky 1.3 Alabama 1.3 Ohio 1.3 North Carolina 1.4 Utah 1.4 Alaska 1.4 New Jersey 1.5 Maine 1.5 Louisiana 1.6 Illinois 1.7 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 52 Wyomming 1.7 North Dakota 1.8 Iowa 1.8 Oregon 1.9 West Virginia 1.9 Montana 1.9 Idaho 2.0 Washington 2.0 Pennsylvania 2.1 Vermont 2.1 Wisconsin 2.2 Rhode Island 2.3 Michigan 2.3 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Division of Actuarial Services, unpublished data as of June 5, 1986. EMPLOYER'S AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION CONTRIBUTION RATE. i985 ( PERCENT .5 to .9 .9 to 1.2 1.2 to i.3 1.3 to 1.8 1.8 to 2.3 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 53 TABLE 25 AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACIURING, 1985 The wages which a company is expected to pay its employees are influenced by the existing salary structure of an area. Lower pay scales can result in significant reductions in operating costs for labor intensive firms. Florida's average hourly earnings are $1.62 below, or approximately 17 percent below the national average and rank eighth lowest among the states. United States $ 9.52 Mississippi 7.20 North Carolina 7.30 South Dakota 7.40 Pennsylvania 7.60 Rhode Island 7.60 South Carolina 7.60 Arkansas 7.60 FLORIDA 7.90 Georgia 8.00 North Dakota 8.10 Tennessee 8.30 New Hampshire 8.40 New Mexico 8.40 Maine 8.40 Vermont 8.40 Alabama 8.50 Virginia 8.50 Hawaii 8.60 Nebraska 9.00 Massachusetts 9.00 Nevada 9.10 Utah 9.40 Idaho 9.40 Texas 9.40 Kansas 9.50 Kentucky 9.50 Arizona 9.50 Colorado 9.50 Missouri 9.60 Connecticut 9.60 New York 9.70 Maryland 9.70 Delaware 9.80 Oklahoma 9.90 New Jersey 9.90 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 54 Wycming $ 9.90 Minnesota 10.00 California 10.10 West Virginia 10.20 Wisconsin 10.30 Iowa 10.30 Louisiana 10.40 Illinois 10.40 Oregon 10.50 Indiana 10.70 Montana 11.00 Ohio 11.40 Washington 11.63 Alaska 12.20 Michigan 12.60 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, Vol.33, No.5, May 1986. AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING. 1985 ( DOLLARS ) 7.20 to 8.10 8.10 to 9.00 9.00 to 9.60 9.60 to 10.30 10.30 to 12.60 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 55 TABLE 26 AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY, 1984 The salary structure of an area reflects its cost of living level and industrial and occupational mix. Florida's lower pay scale, 15th lowest in the nation, indicates the ability of commercial enterprises to attract a qualified labor force at a lower cost to the firm. I United States $18,350 South Dakota 13,532 Mississippi 14,398 Maine 14,850 Arkansas 14,973 Nebraska 15,197 Vermont 15,263 North Dakota 15,289 South Carolina 15,305 North Carolina 15,422 Montana 15,521 Iowa 15,668 Idaho 15,793 Rhode Island 16,150 New Hampshire 16,163 FLORIDA 16,176 Alabama 16,203 Tennessee 16,216 New Mexico 16,426 Kentucky 16,627 Kansas 16,665 Hawaii 16,671 Georgia 16,951 Wisconsin 17,021 Utah 17,201 Virginia 17,271 Arizona 17,349 Oregon 17,474 West Virginia 17,482 Nevada 17,565 Missouri 17,599 Oklahoma 17,625 Louisiana 17,769 Indiana 17,832 Pennsylvania 17,931 Minnesota 18,038 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 56 Maryland $18,151 Wymcing 18,322 Washington 18,371 Massachusetts 18,428 Delaware 18,505 Colorado 18,774 Ohio 18,783 Texas 18,864 Illinois 19,733 California 19,873 New Jersey 19,889 Connecticut 19,980 New York 20,754 Michigan 20,940 Alaska 28,806 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, News, "Average Annual Pay by State and Industry", Issue No. USDL 85-320. AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY. 1984 ( DOLLARS ) 13532 to 15521 i5521 to 16655 i6665 to ,175S99 17599 to 18505 i8505 to 28806 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 57 TABLE 27 LABOR UNION AND EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, 1982 The proportion of workers belonging to a union can be used to interpret the attitude of a state's work force. In states where the proportion is highest, management is thrust into sporadic conflicts with labor. States with the lowest proportion of union workers offer management greater freedom and create an atmosphere favorable to the investment of new capital. The Southeast in general has low levels of labor union membership and Florida ranks fourth lowest in the nation. United States 21.9 % South Carolina* 5.8 North Carolina* 8.9 Mississippi* 9.3 FLORIDA* 9.6 South Dakota* 10.3 Virginia* 10.9 Vermont 11.9 Kansas* 12.0 New Hamtshire 12.3 Texas* 12.5 Georgia* 12.7 Arizona* 12.8 New Mexico 12.8 Oklahoma 12.9 Arkansaa* 13.2 Louisiana* 13.8 North Dakota* 14.2 Wyoming* 15.6 Idaho* 16.1 Nebraska* 16.3 Utah* 16.8 Tennessee* 17.3 Colorado 18.0 Alabama* 18.2 Maine 18.5 Maryland 18.6 Connecticut 18.9 Rhode Island 19.4 Massachusetts 19.7 New Jersey 19.9 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 58 Delaware 20.3 % Kentucky 20.4 Iowa* 20.5 Montana 21.7 Nevada* 22.1 Wisconsin 24.5 Minnesota 24.5 Indiana 25.1 California 25.4 Missouri 26.6 Pennsylvania 27.0 Ohio 27.4 Oregon 27.5 Illinois 27.5 West Virginia 28.9 Alaska 30.4 Hawaii 31.5 Washington 32.9 Michigan 33.7 New York 35.8 *State has right-to-work law. Source: Copyright 1985. The Union Sourcebook . Leo Troy and Neil Sheflin. Industrial Relations Data and Information Services, West Orange, NJ, 1985. UNION AND EMPLOYEE ASSN. MEMBERSHIP AS A PERCENT OF NONFARM EMPLOYMENT. 1982 5.8 to 12.5 12.5 to i6.3 i6.3 to 19.9 - 19.9 to 25.6 26.6 to 35.8 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 59 TABLE 28 MEAN DURATION OF WORK STOPPAGES, 1980 (Days) The mean duration of work stoppages is directly related to the amount of productivity lost due to work stoppages. Florida ranks 11th lowest among the fifty states in the mean duration of work stoppages for 1980. United States 27.2 South Dakota 10.2 Nebraska 10.8 North Carolina 11.2 Virginia 11.6 New York 12.0 Maryland 13.1 West Virginia 14.1 Nevada 15.2 Massachusetts 16.5 Kentucky 17.0 FLORIDA 17.4 Mississippi 17.4 Illinois 18.3 Rhode Island 21.9 New Jersey 22.6 Pennsylvania 23.0 Wyoming 23.0 California 24.4 Ohio 24.7 Iowa 25.2 Hawaii 26.8 Connecticut 27.3 Michigan 27.5 Georgia 28.0 Montana 28.0 New Hampshire 29.2 Oregon 30.1 Tennessee 31.2 Delaware 31.6 Missouri 33.2 New Mexico 33.8 Minnesota 34.3 Indiana 38.1 Alaska 39.4 Maine 39.8 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 60 Alabama 40.9 Kansas 41.3 Oklahoma 42.0 Arkansas 46.2 Louisiana 49.3 Wisconsin 52.0 South Carolina 53.0 Utah 56.7 Washington 57.7 Texas 58.3 Colorado 71.2 North Dakota 76.1 Vermont 81.2 Arizona 84.0 Idaho 123.5 NOTE: Due to federal budget cuts which eliminated several data series on union activity produced by BLS, this is the most recent information available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Work Stoppages, 1980. MEAN DURATION OF WORK STOPPAGES, 1980 ( DAYS ) t0.2 to ,7.0 17 .0 to 25.2 25.2 to 33.2 33.2 to A49.3 .49.3 to �23.5 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 61 TABLE 29 PERCENT OF TIME LOST DUE TO WORK STOPPAGES, 1981 Although worker attitude is an intangible factor, some measures are available which provide an indication of the overall labor environment of a state. A good example is the percent of time lost due to work stoppages. The data below show that in 1981 the time lost due to work stoppages in Florida was lower than most states in the Southeast; and was also less than the national average, ranking third lowest among the states. United States .11 % South Carolina 0.00 South Dakota 0.00 FLORIDA o 01 Hawaii .01 Louisiana .01 Maine .01 Nebraska .01 Nevada .01 North Carolina .01 Colorado .01 Wyoamning .01 Kansas .02 Arizona .02 Idaho .02 Maryland .03 Oklahoma .03 Mississippi .03 Arkansas .03 Delaware .03 Washington .04 Texas .04 Connecticut .05 New York .05 Wisconsin .05 Georgia .05 Oregon .06 New Jersey .06 New Mexico .06 Montana .06 California .06 North Dakota .06 Missouri .06 Alaska .07 Iowa .07 Michigan .07 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 62 Vermont .08 % New Hampshire .08 Massachusetts .10 Tennessee .14 Ohio .14 Indiana .15 Virginia .17 Kentucky .17 Utah .20 Alabama .20 Rhode Island .20 Illinois .23 Minnesota .27 Pennsylvania .34 West Virginia 2.17 NOTE: Due to federal budget cuts which eliminated several data series on union activity produced by BLS, this is the most recent information available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Work Stoppages by State, 1981, unpublished data. PERCENT OF TIME LOST DUE TO WORK STOPPAGES. 198i .00 to .01 .01 to .04 .04 to .06 .06 to .14 .14 to 2.17 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 63 TABLE 30 STATES WITH RIGHT-TO-WORK LAWS The states listed below have right-to-work laws. These laws tend to support more favorable labor-management relations. Florida's constitutional right-to-work provision is stronger than a statutory one, in that it requires a public referendum before it can be changed. CONSTITUTIONAL FLORIDA Arizona Arkansas Kansas Louisiana Mississippi Nebraska South Dakota STATUTORY Alabama Georgia Idaho Iowa Nevada North Carolina North Dakota South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah virginia Wyoming Source: National Right To Work Cocmittee, unpublished data,as of 1986. Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 64 STATES WITH RIGHT-TO-WORK LAWS. 1985 NO LAW STATUTORY CONSTITUTIONAL Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 65 TAXES AND GOVEMUEMT FINAINCES TRBI 31 CDMA;MM[ IROOM laX NSTNS, A GXUT 1986 Alabama District of Columbia Maine ...................... 5% ...................... 10%2 1st $25,000 .......... 3.5% Next 50,000 .......... 7.93% Alaska Florida Next 175,000.......... 8.33% Less than $10,000 ..... 1% . ..................... 5.5% Over 250,000 ... 8.93% Next $10,000 .......... 2% Next 10,000 .......... 3% Georgia Maryland Next 10,000.......... 4% . ..................... 6% ...................... 7% Next 10,000.......... 5% Next 10,000.......... 6% Hawaii Massachusetts5 Next 10,000 .......... 7% $25,000 or less ....... 5.85% . . .................... 8.33% Next 10,000 .......... 8% Over $25,000 ..........6.435% Next 10,000 .......... 9% Capital gains ......... 3.08% Michigan $90,000 or more ....... 9.4% ......................2.35% Idaho2a Arizona ...................... 7.7% Minnesota 1st $1,000.......... 2.5% 1st $25,000 ......... 6% 2nd 1,000.......... 4% Illinois2b Over 25,000 ......... 12% 3rd 1,000.......... 5% ...................... 4% 4th 1,000.......... 6.5% Mississippi 5th 1,000.......... 8% Indiana3 1st $5,000 ........... 3% 6th 1,000.......... 9% Next 5,000........... 4% Over 6,000 ..........10.5% Iowa3a Over 10,000........... 5% 1st $25,000 ........... 6% Arkansas Next 75,000 ........... 8% Missouri 1st $3,000 .......... 1% Next 150,000 ........... 10% ...................... 5%6 2nd 3,000 .......... 2% Over 250,000 ........... 12% Next 5,000 .......... 3% Montana Next 14,000 .......... 5% Kansas4 ...................... 6.75% Over 25,000 .......... 6% ....................... 4.5% Nebraska Californiala Kentucky 1st $50,000 .......... 4.75% ..................... 9.6% $25,000 or less ........ 3% Over 50,000 .......... 6.65% Next $25,000 .......... 4% Coloradolb Next 50,000.......... 5% New Hampshire ..................... 6% Next 150,000 .......... 6% ...................... 8%7b Next 250,000.......... 7.25% Connecticutlc New Jersey8 ..................... 11.5% Louisiana ...................... 9% 1st $25,000.......... 4% Delaware Next 25,000 .......... 5% New Mexico ..................... 8.7% Next 50,000.......... 6% 1st $500,000 ......... 4.8% Next 100,000.......... 7% 2nd 500,000 ......... 6.4% Over 200,000.......... 8% Over $1 million ....... 7.6% la California: Financial corporations return and having gross inccme during the other than banks are allowed a limited tax year. offset for personal property taxes and 2b Illinois: Additional 2.5% personal license fees. Minimum tax, $200. property replacement tax imposed. lb Colorado: For tax years beginning 3 Indiana: Domestic and interstate July 1, 1986, through June 30, 1987, the corporations pay a tax of 3% of adjusted tax is reduced by up to $1,125. gross income from sources within For tax years beginning July 1, 1987, Indiana. A supplemental net income tax is and thereafter, the tax rate is 5.5% imposed on corporations, banks, trust reduced by up to $625. companies, savings associations and Ic Connecticut: The tax is imposed on domestic insurers at 4%. net inccme. To the extent they exceed the 3a Iowa: The financial institutions net income tax, the greater of the franchise tax is 5% of taxable net income. following taxes is imposed: 3.1 mills per 4 Kansas: A 2 1/4% surtax is imposed dollar (minimum, $100; maximum, $100,000) on taxable income in excess of $25,000. of capital stock and surplus, or 5% of 50% 5 assachiusetts: Corporations pay an of net income allocated to Connecticut excise tax equal to the greater of the plus compensation paid to officers and following: (a) $2.60 (includes surtax) per shareholders owning over 1% of the $1,000 of value of Massachusetts tangible campany's stock. property not taxed locally or net worth 2 District of Colt ia: A 5% surtax is allocated to Massachusetts, plus 8.33% imposed. (excludes surtax) of net income; or (b) 2a Idaho: Minimum tax, $20. Additional $228 (includes surtax), whichever is $10 tax on each corporation filing a greater. A surtax of 14% is imposed. Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 68 New York9 Oklahoma West Virginial6a .................... 10 . ..................... 5% Not over 50,000 ..... 6% Over $50,000 . ........ 7% North Carolina egonl2 6% . ..................... 7.5% Wisconsin .................... .7.9% North Dakota Pennsylvanial3 1st $3,000 ...... 3% ...................... 9.5% Cities (Over 125,000) Next 5,000 ...... 4.5% Akron, H ............. 2% Next 12,000 ...... 6% Rhode Island Cincinnati, OCH........ 2% Next 10,000 ...... 7.5% Greater of 8% (9% for 1983) Cleveland, OH......... 2% Next 20,000...... 9% of net income or 400 per Columbus, OH .......... 2% Over 50,000....... 10.5% $100 of net worth. Dayton, C ............ 2.25% Detroit, MI ........... 2% Ohio South Carolina Flint, MI...... ....... 1% 5.1% of the first $25,000 . .................... 6% Grand Rapids, MI...... 1% of a corporation's net in- Kansas City, MD ...... 1% come plus 9.2% on net income Tennesseel4 Lansing, MI ......... . -1% in excess of $25,000, or ..................... 6% Louisville, KY ........ 2.2% 5.82 mills times the value New York, NY ......... 9%19 of stock, whichever is Utahl5 Multnomah County greater. If the tax based . ..................... 5% (Portland), OR ..... 0.6% on net income exceeds the St. Louis, MD .... 1% alternative 5.82 mills tax, Vermontl6 Toledo, OH.......... 2.25%18 a surtax of 5.4% is imposed 1st $10,000........ . 6% Youngstown, CH ........ 2% until tax year 1987, a 2.7% Next 15,000 ......... 7.2% surtax is imposed for tax Next 225,000......... 8.4% year 1987, and no surtax is Over 250,000......... 9% imposed thereafter. Finan- cial institutions are taxed Virginia at 15 mills times the value ...................... 6% of stock. Minimum tax; $50. 6 Missouri: The financial institu- 12 Oregon: Minimum tax, $10. tions franchise tax is 7% of taxable net 13 Pennsylvania: Rate drops to 8 1/2% income. However, after 1986, financial for calendar year 1987 and thereafter or institutions are taxed at a rate equal to fiscal years beginning in 1987 and the sum of (1) the greater of $25 or thereafter. 1/20th of 1% of the par value of the 14 Tennessee: Corporations are also institution's outstanding shares and subject to the tax on dividends and surplus employed in Missouri and (2) 7% of interest. the institution's net income for the 15 Utah: Minimum tax, $100. income period minus the tax computed on 16 Vermont: Minimum tax, $75. their shares and surplus under (1) and the For tax years beginning on and after credits allowable for other state and January 1, 1988, the tax rates range local taxes. between 5.5% and 8.25%. 7 Montana: Minimum tax, $50, except 16a West Virginia: On July 1, 1987, the $10 for small business corporations. tax rate is 9.75% of taxable income; 7b New ampqshire: The tax rate is 8.25% beginning July 1, 1988, the rate is for the biennium ending June 30, 1987. reduced by 0.15% per year for 5 successive 8 New Jersey: All corporations pay years, with such rate to be 9% on and additional tax on net worth. A 7 1/4% after July 1, 1992. corporation income tax is imposed on 18 Tbledo: Rate drops to 1.5% on July entire net income of corporations deriving 1, 1990. income from New Jersey other than those 19 New York City: Corporations are subject to or exempt from the general subject to a tax of 9% for tax years income tax. beginning on or after January 1, 1978, and 9 New York: Corporations are subject ending on or before December 31, 1980, or to a 10% tax on net income or a tax on on December 31, of the year certain three alternative bases, whichever federal financial guarantees for the city produces the greatest tax. A 10% tax is terminate, whichever is later, or a tax on imposed on unrelated business income, with three alternate bases, whichever produces modifications, of taxpayers subject to the the greatest tax. Thereafter, the rate is federal tax on unrelated business 6 7/10% of net incame, 1 mill per dollar income. Minimum tax, $250. of allocated business and capital, 6 7/10% Surcharge on business activity in of 30% of net income plus certain Metropolitan Commuter Transportation officers' and stockholders' compensation, District is 17% of tax imposed for tax or $25, whichever is greater. An years ending on or after December 31, 1983 additional tax of 3/4 mills per dollar of but before December 31, 1986. allocated subsidiary capital is imposed. Source: Reproduced with permission from STATE TAX QGIDE, published and copyrighted by Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 4025 W. Peterson Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60646. Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 69 TABLE 32 PERCENT OF TOTAL STATE TAX REVENUE FROM INCOME TAXES, FISCAL 1985 States which rely upon corporate and/or personal income taxes to finance government services are less favorable locations for business and industry. It is more difficult to attract executive, professional, and technical personnel to states with high personal income taxes. Florida is the only state in the Southeast with the advantage of no personal income tax and one of only six such states nationwide. Overall, Florida ranks sixth lowest in the nation in revenue derived from income taxes. Percent of Percent of Percent of Tax Revenue Tax Revenue Tax Revenue From From Individual From Corporate Income Taxes Income Tax Rank Income Tax Rank United States 37.8 % 29.6 % 8.2 % Nevada 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 1 Texas 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 1 Washington 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 1 Wyoming 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 1 South Dakota 4.8 0.0 1 4.8 12 FLORIDA 5.8 0.0 1 5.8 18 New Mexico 10.3 5.9 10 4.4 9 Tennessee 10.7 2.1 8 8.6 36 Alaska 10.9 .1 7 10.8 43 Mississippi 20.2 14.3 14 5.9 20 Louisiana 21.3 13.7 13 7.6 29 Connecticut 22.3 8.3 11 14.0 48 North Dakota 23.2 11.0 12 12.2 45 New Hampshire 27.6 5.6 9 22.0 50 Arizona 27.6 20.7 15 6.9 23 Oklahoma 27.9 24.4 17 3.5 5 Alabama 31.6 24.3 16 7.3 25 West Virginia 32.4 27.1 22 5.3 15 Kentucky 32.8 25.8 20 7.0 24 Indiana 33.8 29.7 26 4.1 8 Arkansas 34.5 27.0 21 7.5 28 Pennsylvania 34.8 25.5 19 9.3 39 Maine 34.9 29.6 25 5.3 15 Hawaii 35.1 31.5 30 3.6 6 Nebraska 35.4 30.7 27 4.7 11 Illinois 35.9 28.2 23 7.7 31 Missouri 36.2 31.4 29 4.8 12 Utah 36.4 32.5 34 3.9 7 New Jersey 37.1 25.1 18 12.0 44 Ohio 37.3 32.2 33 5.1 14 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 70 Percent of Percent of Percent of Tax Revenue Tax Revenue Tax Revenue From From Individual From Corporate Income Taxes Income Tax Rank Income Tax Rank Montana 38.1 % 28.3 % 24 9.8 % 42 South Carolina 38.4 31.1 28 7.3 25 Vermont 39.2 31.6 32 7.6 29 Kansas 39.8 31.5 30 8.3 35 Rhode Island 40.9 32.7 35 8.2 33 Idaho 41.0 35.2 37 5.8 18 Iowa 42.4 35.7 38 6.7 22 Colorado 44.1 39.7 42 4.4 9 Maryland 46.6 40.9 44 5.7 17 Georgia 47.2 38.0 40 9.2 38 Wisconsin 47.9 39.7 42 8.2 33 North Carolina 48.3 38.9 41 9.4 40 California 49.8 37.2 39 12.6 46 Virginia 50.0 43.6 46 6.4 21 Minnesota 50.0 42.7 45 7.3 25 Michigan 51.1 35.1 36 16.0 49 Delaware 54.2 44.8 47 9.4 40 New York 59.2 50.2 49 9.0 37 Massachusetts 60.6 47.7 48 12.9 47 Oregon 73.9 66.1 50 7.8 32 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, State Government Tax Collections in 1985, Series GF85, No.1, February 1986. PERCENT OF PERSONAL INCOME REMAINING AFTER TAXES. FISCAL 1984 74.10 to 88.54 68.54 to 89.69 89.69 to 90.17T 90.i7 to 90.91 90.9i to 92.i4 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 71 TABLE 33 RELATION OF STATE GOVERNMENT FINANCES TO PERSONAL INCOME, FISCAL 1984 The relationship of government revenues and expenditures to personal income provides insight into the expectations and limitations a state's residents place on their government. In Florida taxes are low, expenditures limited, and combined state and local debt generally small. This reflects long-standing fiscal conservatism and limited expectations of what government can and ought to do. This philosophy is apparent in Florida's rank as the lowest state in the nation in both government revenue and government expenditures per $1,000 of personal income. General General Revenue Expenditures Per $1,000 of Per $1,000 of Personal Income Personal Income Rank United States $ 145.76 $ 129.00 FLORIDA 96.08 83.35 1 Texas 102.93 91.87 2 Missouri 109.40 96.53 3 New Hampshire 110.70 97.89 4 Kansas 113.22 100.11 5 Nebraska 114.30 105.18 7 Illinois 115.59 105.62 9 Connecticut 118.00 104.18 6 Tennessee 119.23 107.94 10 Virginia 121.51 105.53 8 Colorado 121.68 113.77 13 Indiana 124.79 111.78 11 Georgia 125.36 112.61 12 Maryland 130.44 123.01 16 Massachusetts 134.05 127.28 17 New Jersey 139.18 119.81 14 Pennsylvania 139.42 121.91 15 Iowa 139.93 137.56 25 Oklahoma 140.04 130.22 21 Arkansas 142.13 129.29 20 Arizona 144.16 128.13 19 South Dakota 145.03 138.29 26 North Carolina 146.74 127.47 18 California 151.72 133.98 23 Ohio 155.00 135.64 24 Kentucky 156.08 153.52 33 Idaho 156.40 142.51 29 Louisiana 158.01 168.15 42 Nevada 159.20 133.85 22 Michigan 164.18 147.80 31 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 72 General General Revenue Expenditures Per $1,000 of Per $1,000 of Personal Income Personal Income Rank Maine $ 166.04 $ 157.37 37 South Carolina 167.32 146.62 30 Washington 168.67 155.42 34 Alabama 169.31 141.88 28 Mississippi 173.80 159.95 39 Oregon 174.25 155.45 35 Wisconsin 177.47 139.61 27 Rhode Island 178.19 164.27 40 Minnesota 178.77 152.65 32 New York 184.81 156.51 36 Montana 189.28 170.53 43 Vermont 189.30 179.52 45 Delaware 194.65 157.88 38 North Dakota 195.57 181.39 47 West Virginia 197.08 174.24 44 Utah 197.66 168.03 41 Hawaii 204.99 181.02 46 New Mexico 247.43 210.04 48 Wyoming 294.19 230.92 49 Alaska 663.11 481.74 50 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, State Government Finances in 1984, Series GF84, No.3, October 1985. STATE GOVERNMENT GENERAL REVENUE PER $1. 000 OF PERSONAL INCOME. i984 ( DOLLARS ) 96.08 to 121.51 121.51 to 142.13 142.13 to 164.18 164.18 to 184t.61 184.81 to 663.11 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 73 TABLE 34 PERCENT OF PERSONAL INCOME REMAINING AFIER STATE & LOCAL TAXES, FISCAL 1984 States in which a smaller share of personal income is directed toward the funding of government programs generally are more favorable locations for new facilities. Both business and personal taxes tend to be lower; consequently, residents have more disposable income and businesses have a better profit margin. In 1984, Florida had the third highest percentage of personal inccme remaining after state and local tax collections. United States 89.68 % New Hampshire 92.14 Missouri 91.87 FLORIDA 91.82 Tennessee 91.74 Texas 91.34 Arkansas 91.30 Virginia 91.09 Idaho 90.93 Alabama 90.92 South Dakota 90.92 Georgia 90.91 Kentucky 90.79 Indiana 90.79 North Carolina 90.66 Colorado 90.57 Kansas 90.36 South Carolina 90.31 Oklahoma 90.24 Nevada 90.21 Mississippi 90.17 Connecticut 90.17 California 90.o15 Nebraska 90.06 Ohio 90.03 Illinois 89.97 Louisiana 89.89 Maryland 89.86 New Jersey 89.81 Massachusetts 89.80 Arizona 89.70 Pennsylvania 89.69 Delaware 89.68 Iowa 89.44 Washington 89.35 Rhode Island 89.32 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 74 Maine 89.05 % Oregon 89.01 Vermont 88.74 West Virginia 88.64 New Mexico 88.54 North Dakota 88.54 Utah 88.50 Hawaii 88.29 Montana 88.23 Michigan 87.85 Wisconsin 87.64 Minnesota 87.26 New York 85.81 Wym ing 80.03 Alaska 74.10 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Governmental Finances in 1983-84, Series GF84, No.5, October 1985 and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System, August 1986. PERCENT OF STATE TAX REVENUE FROM INCOME TAXES, FISCAL i985 0.0 to 22.3 22.3 to 34.8 34.8 to 38.i 38.1 to 47.9 47.9 to 73.9 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 75 TABLE 35 PER CAPITA STATE TAX REVENUE, FISCAL 1984 States with high per capita state tax levels place a heavy economic burden on their residents and businesses. The level in Florida is below that of most southeastern states and ranks eighth lowest in the nation. Florida's per capita state tax revenue is only 80 percent of the national average. United States $ 835.52 New Hampshire 433.43 South Dakota 508.18 Tennessee 532.46 Missouri 609.63 Texas 614.75 Arkansas 656.18 Nebraska 665.47 FLORIDA 667.76 Mississippi 670.01 Colorado 671.12 Georgia 677.51 Alabama 677.76 Idaho 686.56 Oregon 692.04 Louisiana 701.85 Montana 707.94 Virginia 721.14 South Carolina 722.70 Utah 724.39 Kansas 734.06 Indiana 735.44 Ohio 742.65 Kentucky 751.72 North Carolina 751.99 Illinois 755.91 Iowa 770.28 Vermont 779.22 Maine 796.08 Pennsylvania 806.67 Oklahona 807.15 Arizona 827.32 Rhode Island 841.98 West Virginia 877.98 Maryland 907.53 Michigan 944.21 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 76 Nevada $ 945.24 New Jersey 949.76 New Mexico 967.31 Connecticut 978.44 North Dakota 997.67 California 999.83 Massachusetts 1,007.14 Washington 1,044.44 New York 1,061.05 Wisconsin 1,073.49 Delaware 1,162.47 Hawaii 1,201.33 Minnesota 1,219.88 Wycm ing 1,568.57 Alaska 3,946.50 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, State Government Finances in 1984, Series GF84, No.3, October 1985. PER CAPITA STATE TAX REVENUE. FISCAL 1984 A DOLLARS 433.43 to 671.12 671.12 to 734.06 734.06 to 07.15 607.15 to 997.67 997.67 to 3946.5 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 77 TABLE 36 PER CAPITA STATE AND LOCAL PROPERIY TAX, FISCAL 1984 States having high per capita property taxes place heavy emphasis on the taxation of the property of business and residents. Florida's per capita property tax is less than 90 percent of the national average and compares favorably to most states. United States $ 408.44 Alabama 111.41 New Mexico 147.60 Louisiana 165.66 Arkansas 170.44 Kentucky 173.33 Mississippi 189.34 West Virginia 191.30 Delaware 197.03 Oklahoma 199.59 Tennessee 212.73 North Carolina 228.74 Missouri 233.84 South Carolina 240.06 Idaho 255.80 Hawaii 278.26 Georgia 285.46 Nevada 298.10 Utah 316.41 North Dakota 326.97 Indiana 341.73 Virginia 343.48 Pennsylvania 344.64. FLORIDA 349.92 Arizona 350.20 Ohio 371.32 Maryland 379.85 California 385.23 Washington 394.61 South Dakota 406.38 Texas 417.85 Maine 442.24 Colorado 445.48 Minnesota 466.15 Yansas 467.94 Vermont 489.86 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 78 Iowa $ 492.81 Nebraska 506.97 Wisconsin 509.70 Illinois 514.05 Massachusetts 533.72 Rhode Island 561.30 Oregon 570.90 Montana 588.59 Michigan 600.69 New York 649.54 New Hampshire 666.07 Connecticut 667.95 New Jersey 679.74 Alaska 873.38 Wyoming 1,099.58 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, State Government Finances in 1984, Series GF84, No.3, October 1985. PER CAPITA STATE AND LOCAL PROPERTY TAX. FISCAL i984 { DOLLARS i1i.4i to 2i2.73 2i2.73 to 341i.73 341.73 to 417.85 417.65 to 533.72 533.72 to 1099.56 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 79 TABLE 37 PER CAPITA GROSS STATE DEBr, FISCAL 1984 States with high per capita debt are placing a mortgage on their children's future earnings. Those states having low per capita debt are minimizing the amounts which will have to be repaid in years to come. Florida's debt level places its residents in a favorable position. Its per capita state debt is lower than most states in the Southeast and ranks ninth lowest in the nation. United States $ 791.29 Kansas 146.08 Arizona 199.06 Iowa 223.82 Texas 250.74 Indiana 284.33 Arkansas 299.42 North Carolina 305.91 Georgia 315.59 FLORIDA 356.19 Tennessee 367.88 Nebraska 377.49 Mississippi 394.62 Colorado 395.30 Virginia 514.89 California 528.99 Pennsylvania 557.75 Missouri 565.34 Idaho 573.79 Michigan 575.48 Ohio 619.82 North Dakota 648.33 Washington 712.40 Alabama 725.99 Utah 726.45 Wisconsin 745.31 Illinois 750.29 New Mexico 808.21 Minnesota 814.24 West Virginia 836.78 Montana 844.75 Kentucky 908.99 Oklahoma 922.30 Nevada 948.98 South Carolina 982.37 Maine 1,034.09 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 80 Maryland $ 1,094.78 South Dakota 1,299.66 Wycming 1,401.80 Louisiana 1,460.77 Vermont 1,528.12 Massachusetts 1,529.00 New Jersey 1,536.13 New York 1,657.22 Connecticut 1,734.24 New Hampshire 1,775.16 Rhode Island 2,382.23 Hawaii 2,417.80 Oregon 2,447.53 Delaware 2,951.07 Alaska 11,059.34 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, State Government Finances in 1984, Series GF84, No.5, October 1985. PER CAPITA GROSS STATE DEBT. FISCAL 1984 ( DOLLARS ) 146.08 to 367.88 367.88 to 6i9.82 619.82 to 844.75 844.75 to 1528.12 1528.2 to 11059.34 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 81 TABLE 38 TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL PER CAPITA DEBT, FISCAL 1984 States and cities with high per capita debts will have to devote large amounts of future tax money for debt repayment. Higher levels of debt will thus make it difficult to lower tax rates in the years ahead. Florida's per capita debt is moderate, only 90 percent of the national average. United States $ 2,138.53 Iowa 1,077.61 Idaho 1,088.14 Indiana 1,171.90 Mississippi 1,195.38 Missouri 1,257.06 North Carolina 1,265.35 Arkansas 1,284.87 Virginia 1,359.24 Ohio 1,409.92 California 1,534.51 Tennessee 1,545.93 Wisconsin 1,570.18 Michigan 1,614.68 Georgia 1,631.43 Maine 1,652.35 North Dakota 1,685.52 Illinois 1,718.54 South Carolina 1,758.99 Alabama 1,767.06 FlORIDA 1,933.90 South Dakota 1,996.35 Pennsylvania 2,029.95 West Virginia 2,105.05 Vermont 2,152.65 Montana 2,159.24 Oklahoma 2,167.77 Texas 2,259.11 New Hampshire 2,272.49 Kansas 2,280.67 Colorado 2,339.01 Massachusetts 2,420.69 Connecticut 2,514.97 Nevada 2,544.95 Kentucky 2,589.41 New Jersey 2,618.06 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 82 New Mexico $ 2,649.97 Maryland 2,661.37 Hawaii 2,754.98 Minnesota 2,933.74 Rhode Island 3,039.01 Louisiana 3,077.04 New York 3,215.80 Arizona 3,332.43 Nebraska 3,390.26 Oregon 3,516.54 yom ming 3,889.40 Washington 4,100.60 Delaware 4,122.06 Utah 4,334.51 Alaska 19,374.84 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Governmental Finances in 1983-84, Series GF84, No.5, October 1985. TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL PER CAPITA DEBT, FISCAL 1984 ( DOLLARS ) 1077.61 to 1534.51 1534.51 to 1933.9 1933.9 to 2339.01 3039.01 to 19374.84 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 83 TABLE 39 PER CAPITA P�JBLIC WELFARE EXPENDlITURES, FISCAL 1984 States with high and burdensome public assistance expenditures are often regarded as poor sites for industrial development. Taxes used to finance these expenditures are often levied disproportionately against business and industry. Public assistance is a necessary function of the state; however, it must be administered responsibly to avoid the possibility of saddling business and industry with more than their share of the financial burden. Florida's per capita public welfare expenditures are the lowest in the nation, amounting to only 44 percent of the national average. United States $ 266.41 FLORIDA 116.27 Nevada 118.65 Texas 128.08 Idaho 128.37 Arizona 133.46 South Carolina 133.59 Alabama 146.22 North Carolina 152.16 Wyoming 157.28 Virginia 160.56 Indiana 162.87 New Mexico 163.09 West Virginia 166.61 Utah 168.79 Missouri 169.71 Oregon 175.07 Georgia 175.14 Tennessee 177.95 New Hampshire 180.13 Delaware 180.17 South Dakota 180.66 Nebraska 182.77 Mississippi 184.25 Kansas 189.04 Arkansas 189.89 Colorado 201.89 North Dakota 208.11 Montana 208.52 Oklahoma 215.89 Kentucky 218o50 Louisiana 228.31 Iowa 239.14 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 84 Washington $ 239.36 Maryland 249.55 New Jersey 262.05 Ohio 278.24 Hawaii 278.97 Illinois 285.92 Vermont 297.07 Connecticut 297.37 Pennsylvania 311.36 Wisconsin 323.58 Minnesota 325.39 Maine 347.93 California 394.00 Massachusetts 394.39 Rhode Island 422.92 Alaska 439.30 Michigan 445.49 New York 496.97 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, State Government Finances in 1984, Series GF84, No.5, October 1985. PER CAPITA PUBLIC WELFARE EXPENDITURES. FISCAL 1984 ( DOLLARS ) 116.27 to 160.56 160.56 to 180. 17 180.17 to 218.50 218.50 to 297.37 297.37 to 496.97 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 85 EDUCATIONI TABLE 40 YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY PERSONS 25 YEARS AND OLDER, 1980 The number of school years completed gives a measure of the future availability of managers, highly trained professionals, technical personnel and skilled production workers. Florida ranks in the top seven nationally in numbers of persons 25 years and older completing all three of the educational measures listed below. Persons Persons Completing Ccpleting Persons 4 or More Years 1 to 3 Years Completing of College of College Rank High School Rank United States 21,593,443 20,800,462 88,085,386 California 2,778,727 3,197,320 1 10,327,040 1 New York 2,000,258 1,510,394 2 7,090,297 2 Texas 1,272,463 1,325,825 3 4,870,796 3 Pennsylvania 996,055 780,606 8 4,671,869 4 Illinois 969,533 980,982 5 4,339,353 5 Ohio 932,038 820,178 6 4,240,121 6 FLORIDA 918,047 1,082,686 4 4,197,694 7 New Jersey 839,199 592,854 9 3,052,441 9 Michigan 796,523 816,292 7 3,582,359 8 Massachusetts 692,463 541,625 10 2,516,765 10 Virginia 599,922 459,146 13 1,956,846 12 Maryland 493,974 366,722 19 1,666,167 19 Georgia 472,923 395,702 16 1,743,860 17 Washington 458,432 499,747 11 1,878,398 15 North Carolina 455,052 484,548 12 1,882,762 14 Missouri 407,696 397,733 15 1,859,935 16 Connecticut 403,446 297,748 24 1,338,965 21 Wisconsin 402,934 392,406 17 1,893,221 13 Minnesota 390,943 408,970 14 1,697,230 18 Indiana 388,083 373,607 18 2,065,045 11 Colorado 381,922 356,345 20 1,299,249 23 Tennessee 321,578 316,064 23 1,491,496 20 Louisiana 306,498 291,153 25 1,323,292 22 Alabama 280,280 276,574 27 1,257,967 24 Oklahoma 278,200 291,053 26 1,180,101 27 Oregon 271,642 317,832 22 1,180,319 26 Arizona 261,239 331,357 21 1,126,647 28 South Carolina 246,133 230,216 30 935,434 31 Iowa 239,096 248,130 28 1,209,960 25 Kentucky 229,448 226,624 31 1,082,196 29 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 88 Persons Persons Completing Completing Persons 4 or More Years 1 to 3 Years Completing of College of College Rank High School Rank Kansas 217,617 241,347 29 1,003,789 30 Mississippi 177,187 185,256 32 754,432 32 Nebraska 146,921 157,728 34 672,971 34 Utah 142,759 170,729 33 565,816 36 Arkansas 129,972 146,621 35 733,985 33 New Mexico 122,090 117,389 36 481,602 37 West Virginia 120,281 116,304 37 649,747 35 Hawaii 111,278 100,912 40 401,402 39 New HamPshire 99,541 91,005 42 390,145 40 Maine 92,631 102,531 39 453,228 38 Rhode Island 87,972 72,681 44 349,239 43 Idaho 82,787 107,963 38 374,116 41 Montana 78,102 89,074 43 339,905 44 Nevada 72,193 97,794 41 362,104 42 Vermont 57,652 45,229 50 207,993 48 Delaware 56,018 49,072 48 233,587 47 South Dakota 55,528 70,246 46 267,121 45 North Dakota 55,254 72,512 45 242,278 46 Alaska 47,311 47,333 49 175,101 50 Wying 43,802 52,224 47 198,299 49 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housinq, PHC80-Sl-1. PERSONS WITH FOUR OR MORE YEARS OF COLLEGE EDUCATION, 1980 43002 to 87972 87972 to 2176i7 2176i7 to 381922 381922 to 599922 599922 to 2778727 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 89 TABLE 41 EARNED DEGREES CONFERRED A large number of college graduates in a state is indicative of a better-qualified labor force. Florida is first in the number of earned college degrees conferred in the Southeast and ranks in the top ten in the U.S. (1983) (1983) (1983) (1982) Doctoral Master's Bachelor's Associate Degrees Degrees Rank Degrees Rank Degrees Rank United States 33,088 289,921 969,504 463,576 California 4,106 31,186 2 85,358 2 67,209 1 New York 3,181 32,646 1 86,357 1 49,173 2 Illinois 1,896 17,155 3 46,177 5 23,921 4 Massachusetts 1,822 13,666 5 39,171 7 15,445 9 Pennsylvania 1,761 13,254 7 56,972 3 21,068 5 Ohio 1,681 12,982 8 42,937 6 17,826 8 Texas 1,676 16,250 4 54,894 4 19,259 7 Michigan 1,383 13,295 6 39,083 8 20,560 6 FLORIDA 1,038 8,326 9 31,184 9 36,974 3 lIdiakna 1,035 7,591 11 26,466 10 8,299 14 New Jersey 812 7,222 12 25,507 11 10,028 12 North Carolina 725 5,465 15 24,448 12 11,426 11 Wisconsin 696 5,130 17 23,185 13 8,653 13 Colorado 680 4,216 21 15,175 23 4,905 29 Virginia 627 5,463 16 23,090 14 7,044 19 Georgia 601 6,208 13 17,920 18 7,112 18 Maryland 598 5,085 18 16,097 21 7,185 16 Tennessee 582 4,207 22 16,977 19 6,516 20 Washington 573 4,328 20 18,139 17 11,978 10 Missouri 567 8,008 10 22,921 15 7,356 15 Oklahoma 529 3,462 27 12,484 26 4,656 31 Iowa 489 2,345 32 14,494 24 6,382 21 Minnesota 487 3,499 26 20,664 16 7,128 17 Connecticut 470 5,711 14 13,120 25 5,425 25 Arizona 459 4,020 23 11,797 29 5,737 22 Oregon 457 2,884 30 11,394 31 4,903 30 Utah 371 2,372 31 9,986 32 2,880 33 Kansas 360 3,078 29 12,483 27 5,115 28 Alabama 281 4,819 19 16,217 20 5,359 26 Louisiana 280 4,006 24 15,533 22 2,272 40 Mississippi 274 2,174 33 9,020 33 5,157 27 Kentucky 271 3,703 25 11,591 30 5,573 23 Arkansas 261 1,794 35 7,282 37 2,026 42 Nebraska 220 1,676 37 8,054 34 2,805 35 South Carolina 207 3,165 28 12,289 28 5,526 24 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 90 (1983) (1983) (1983) (1982) Doctoral Master's Bachelor's Associate Degrees Degrees Rank Degrees Rank Degrees Rank Rhode Island 178 1,567 38 7,588 35 3,161 32 New Mexico 170 1,680 36 4,506 40 1,508 43 West Virginia 128 2,012 34 7,490 36 2,393 36 Hawaii 120 992 40 3,267 46 2,303 38 New Hampshire 67 1,099 39 6,701 38 2,353 37 Delaware 58 495 46 3,281 45 1,101 46 Montana 51 686 43 4,065 42 714 49 Wyoming 49 350 49 1,381 49 1,010 47 North Dakota 49 464 47 3,936 43 2,106 41 Idaho 49 633 44 3,133 47 2,836 34 South Dakota 48 737 42 4,160 41 1,287 44 Vermont 28 854 41 3,885 44 1,249 45 Nevada 26 457 48 1,799 48 778 48 Maine 22 535 45 4,879 39 2,277 39 Alaska 5 256 50 671 50 609 50 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, "Associate Degrees and Other Awards, 1981-82", and surveys of "Earned Degrees Conferred". NUMBER OF DOCTORAL DEGREES. i983 S9to 58 58 to 274 274 to 529 529 to 8�2 812 to 4i06 Its Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 91 TABLE 42 ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1985 (000,'S) The willingness of a state to fund the educational system gives an indication of the state's commitment to quality education. Florida ranks ninth in the U.S. and first in the Southeast in total estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools for the school year 1984-85. United States $ 134,604,869 California 15,131,830 New York 12,999,930 Texas 10,042,855 Pennsylvania 6,490,000 Ohio 5,900,000 Michigan 5,844,140 New Jersey 5,721,800 Illinois 5,629,101 FLORIDA 5,391,261 North Carolina 3,416,000 Massachusetts 3,245,100 Georgia 2,960,193 Wisconsin 2,929,700 Virginia 2,902,660 Indiana 2,670,360 Maryland 2,662,900 Washington 2,579,742 Minnesota 2,541,700 Missouri 2,255,572 Louisiana 2,207,100 Connecticut 2,156,977 Tennessee 1,937,486 Colorado 1,901,046 Alabama 1,722,800 South Carolina 1,654,500 Kentucky 1,650,700 Iowa 1,626,801 Oklahoma 1,600,000 Kansas 1,438,653 Arizona 1,394,867 Arkansas 1,051,588 Mississippi 996,994 West Virginia 941,870 Utah 870,407 New Mexico 849,000 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 92 Nebraska $ 824,250 Alaska 722,567 Maine 647,100 Montana 600,000 Hawaii 568,400 Rhode Island 566,943 Wyoming 528,114 Idaho 480,000 New Hampshire 453,810 Nevada 440,488 Delaware 385,000 South Dakota 348,927 North Dakota 343,000 Vermont 295,000 Oregon 17,048 Source: National Education Association, Estimates of School Statistics 1984-85 (West Haven, Connecticut: National Education Association, 1985). Estimates of School Statistics 1984-85. Public Schools Expenditures data are used with permission of the National Education Association. Further reproduction is prohibited. ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC ELEM./SEC. SCHOOLS. i985 ( $000 ) 17048 to 58943 694\\ 3 to 105i51i 105158x to s215677 2156977 to 3245100 3245100 to 1531830m Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 93 TABLE 43 MINIMUM COMPEIENCY TESTING RPEQURED FOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION In America today, an effort is being made to ensure that all high school students possess an acceptable level of academic skills before they receive their diplomas. Florida is one of twenty-one states that now use, or expect to use, minimum competency testing as a requirement for high school graduation. FLORIDA Vrg nia Vermont Utah Texas Tennessee South Carolina Oregon North Carolina New York New Jersey Nevada Mississippi Maryland Louisiana Hawaii Georgia Delaware California Arizona Alabama Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished data as of January 1985. Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 94 MINIMUM COMPETENCY TESTING FOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION NO TESTING FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR H.S. GRADUATION Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 95 TABLE 44 ENROLLMENT IN VOCATIONAL EIXJCATION PROGRAMS, 1983 Almost every business has a need for technically skilled labor in some capacity. Vocational education programs are usually the source for meeting this demand. Florida had the second highest enrollment in vocational education programs for the 1982-83 year. United States 15,664,009 California 1,838,185 FLORIDA 1,165,956 Ohio 1,101,554 Texas 967,803 Illinois 824,941 New Jersey 750,867 New York 723,589 North Carolina 565,837 Georgia 513,474 Wisconsin 451,778 Virginia 431,834 Massachusetts 407,240 Pennsylvania 407,126 Iowa 381,954 Washington 363,429 Michigan 335,516 fentucky 334,010 Tennessee 318,529 Missouri 278,817 Maryland 252,763 Alabama 235,200 Connecticut 212,983 Louisiana 212,859 South Carolina 210,848 Arizona 195,605 Indiana 194,912 Minnesota 193,099 Colorado 160,316 Utah 159,822 Mississippi 158,677 Arkansas 139,997 Oklahoma 133,239 Oregon 131,861 West Virginia 130,936 Kansas 102,057 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 96 Nebraska 89,049 Rhode Island 63,450 New Hampshire 62,256 Idaho 53,803 Maine 53,304 New Mexico 51,090 Hawaii 48,546 North Dakota 44,748 Delaware 43,101 Nevada 42,643 Alaska 26,581 South Dakota 22,526 Vermont 20,223 Montana 17,098 Wyoming 12,293 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Vocational Education Data System, unpublished data as of August, 1985. ENROLLMENT IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS, i983 12293 to 51090 51090 to 139997 139997 to 235200 235200 to 431834 431834 to 1038185 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 97 TABLE 45 EXPENDITURES FOR VOCATIONAL EDUJCATION PER PRIME WORKING AGE PERSON (18-44 YEARS), 1981 The availability of programs for vocational education can ensure that a skilled work force exists or can be quickly trained to meet staffing needs of a new facility. The funding level of vocational programs relative to the number of potential students is one measure of the importance which is placed on vocational training. For vocational education, Florida is second in the nation in expenditures per prime working age person. United States $ 78.27 Wisconsin 171.02 FLORIDA 122.43 Washington 117.02 Alaska 107.39 Massachusetts 106.96 Delaware 105.77 Ohio 96.76 North Carolina 92.21 Illinois 90.51 Utah 83.92 West Virginia 83.43 New York 83.33 Pennsylvania 83.27 California 81.88 South Carolina 77.07 Rhode Island 76.76 Michigan 75.93 Iowa 73.69 Oklahoma 73.44 Minnesota 71.78 Louisiana 69.83 Maryland 68.89 Tennessee 67.52 Virginia 67.24 Mississippi 65.58 Colorado 65.09 Georgia 64.17 Kentucky 62.90 Texas 62.79 Nebraska 61.77 Montana 60.55 New Mexico 60.33 Connecticut 59.39 Alabama 59.26 New Jersey 57.06 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development Kansas $ 54.68 North Dakota 54.56 Missouri 54.29 Oregon 53.82 Vermont 53.50 Maine 52.68 Arkansas 52.52 Idaho 52.23 South Dakota 47.96 Arizona 47.82 Indiana 46.34 Nevada 41.52 Wyoming 39.79 Hawaii 37.14 New Hampshire 34.85 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, "Estimates of the Population of States," Series P-25, No.930 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1983), and U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Vocational Education Data System, unpublished data. EXPENDITURES FOR VOCATIONAL ED PER PRIME WORKING AGE PERSON. i981 ( DOLLARS ) 34.85 to 52.68 52.68 to 60.55 60.55 to 69.83 69.63 to 83.43 83.43 to i7i.02 C, Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 99 OTHER BUS INESS FACTORS TABLE 46 GAS UTILITY PRICES FOR INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS, 1983 The cost of energy is of considerable importance in selecting a location for new facilities. The cost per million BTU for industrial-class gas utility users in Florida compares extremely well with other areas of the country, ranking fifth lowest, and is well below the U.S. average. United States $ 4.41 Alaska 1.52 Utah 3.18 Oklahoma 3.27 Wyoming 3.38 FLORIDA 3.46 Arkansas 3.61 New Mexico 3.66 Louisiana 3.68 Nebraska 3.77 Arizona 3.87 Texas 3.97 Iowa 4.01 Kansas 4.03 Mississippi 4.09 Tennessee 4.17 Indiana 4.29 Georgia 4.33 Alabama 4.35 South Dakota 4.40 Missouri 4.45 Colorado 4.49 Minnesota 4.49 Kentucky 4.50 Wisconsin 4.63 Massachusetts 4.64 Illinois 4.66 South Carolina 4.70 Michigan 4.74 Idaho 4.80 Nevada 4.81 North Carolina 5.00 Vermont 5.00 Rhode Island 5.00 Ohio 5.00 Virginia 5.06 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 102 Washington $ 5.06 Pennsylvania 5.07 Oregon 5.09 New Jersey 5.11 West Virginia 5.24 California 5.33 Delaware 5.46 New York 5.54 Montana 5.55 Maryland 5.93 Connecticut 5.95 Maine 6.00 North Dakota 6.00 New Hampshire 9.00 Hawaii 14.00 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1984-85. Gas utility prices are used with the permission of the American Gas Association. Further reproduction prohibited. GAS UTILITY PRICES FOR INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS. 1983 ( DOLLARS/MILLION BTU 1 .52 to 3.87 s\\,\ s3.87 to 4.45 4.45 to 4.8i 4.81 to 5.24 5.24 to 14.00 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 103 TABLE 47 =TECTRIC UTILITY REVENUE PER COMMERCIA/INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMER, 1984 The average utility revenue per customer gives a general indication of the expense which will be incurred for electricity. Florida had the 16th lowest level of revenue generated per commercial/industrial customer in 1984, at $5,783. Florida's revenue per industrial customer is $1,610 less than the national average of $7393. Number of Commercial/ Revenue Industrial Per Customer Customers Rank United States $7,393 10,987,057 South Dakota 3,172 40,095 46 Nebraska 3,548 124,974 32 Montana 4,077 59,101 39 North Dakota 4,367 43,357 43 Colorado 4,651 188,492 22 Idaho 4,685 68,637 37 Vermont 4,811 28,138 49 Oklahoma 5,045 196,218 20 Alaska 5,181 29,162 48 New Mexico 5,270 87,734 36 Missouri 5,521 227,119 14 New Hampshire 5,535 54,802 41 Iowa 5,545 154,935 28 Maine 5,691 61,890 38 Kansas 5,709 162,284 25 FLORIDA 5,783 590,838 4 Nevada 6,033 54,664 42 Mississippi 6,057 129,799 31 Arkansas 6,089 124,403 33 West Virginia 6,108 96,191 35 Oregon 6,139 152,652 29 California 6,340 1,289,474 1 Wisconsin 6,377 207,621 17 Minnesota 6,421 176,357 23 North Carolina 6,546 331,662 10 Washington 6,572 206,765 18 Virginia 6,801 209,594 16 Rhode Island 6,910 39,085 47 Wyoming 7,290 42,527 44 New York 8,018 721,821 3 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 104 Number of Commercial/ Revenue Industrial Per Customer Customers Rank Utah $8,048 58,899 40 Georgia 8,057 238,252 12 Arizona 8,140 142,060 30 South Carolina 8,179 163,563 24 Massachusetts 8,215 240,181 11 Michigan 8,235 343,730 8 Pennsylvania 8,250 498,579 5 Maryland 8,266 156,292 27 Indiana 8,520 233,001 13 Kentucky 8,525 161,085 26 New Jersey 8,540 342,750 9 Texas 8,565 896,802 2 Alabama 8,737 195,986 21 Louisiana 9,152 201,866 19 Tennessee 9,551 220,392 15 Illinois 9,790 410,163 7 Ohio 9,929 417,395 6 Connecticut 10,912 110,856 34 Delaware 11,171 22,454 50 Hawaii 11,311 42,360 45 Source: Edison Electric Institute, Statistical Year Book of the Electric Utility Industry 1984 (Washington D.C.: Edison Electric Institute, 1985). ELECTRIC UTILITY REVENUE PER COMMERCIAL/INOUSTRIAL CUSTOMER. i984 ( DOLLARS 3i72.i0 to 5269.70 5269.70 to 6108. 17 6i10.17 to 8016.24 8001.24 to M5 .20 525.20 to 11310.55 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 105 TABLE 48 QUALITTY OF LIFE NEASURES Quality of life plays an important role in attracting skilled labor and professionals to a community. Favorable living conditions contribute to a healthy work environment. "Quality of life," however, means different things to different people and is difficult to quantify. Inland water areas, miles of coastline, and total acreage of state parks are some measures of quality of life. Florida ranks in the top ten states in the nation in all three measures. Inland Miles Total Acreage Water Area of of State Parks (Sq. Miles) Coastline Rank 1983 Rank United States 79,475 12,383 10,119,432 Alaska 20,171 6,640 1 3,144,881 1 Minnesota 4,854 0 23 182,143 14 Texas 4,790 367 6 201,734 13 FLORIDA 4,511 1,350 2 260,403 6 North Carolina 3,826 301 7 119,450 22 Louisiana 3,230 397 5 35,151 44 Utah 2,826 0 23 97,108 27 California 2,407 840 3 1,220,508 2 Maine 2,270 228 9 73,739 33 New York 1,731 127 14 256,000 7 Wisconsin 1,727 0 23 117,135 24 Montana 1,657 0 23 47,195 38 Washington 1,627 157 12 249,344 9 Michigan 1,573 0 23 252,659 8 North Dakota 1,403 0 23 15,319 48 Oklahoma 1,301 0 23 95,002 28 South Dakota 1,164 0 23 91,743 29 Idaho 1,153 0 23 44,859 39 Arkansas 1,109 0 23 43,855 40 Virginia 1,063 112 15 56,214 35 Tennessee 989 0 23 166,548 17 Alabama 938 53 17 48,027 37 South Carolina 909 187 11 78,700 32 Oregon 889 296 8 89,267 30 Georgia 854 100 16 60,384 34 Wyoming 820 0 23 119,710 21 Missouri 752 0 23 102,864 26 Kentucky 740 0 23 42,703 41 Nebraska 711 0 23 139,964 20 Illinois 700 0 23 226,651 10 Nevada 667 0 23 144,521 19 Maryland 623 31 20 217,347 11 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 106 Inland Miles Total Acreage Water Area of of State Parks (Sq. Miles) Coastline Rank 1983 Rank FKansas 499 0 23 36,916 43 Colorado 496 0 23 161,506 18 Arizona 492 0 23 37,921 42 Massachusetts 460 192 10 263,736 5 Mississippi 457 44 18 20,542 47 Pennsylvania 420 0 23 282,159 4 Vermont 341 0 23 170,560 15 Ohio 325 0 23 111,797 25 New Jersey 319 130 13 295,764 3 Iowa 310 0 23 82,600 31 New Hampshire 286 13 22 29,462 45 New Mexico 258 0 23 118,951 23 Indiana 253 0 23 54,159 36 Rhode Island 158 40 19 9,285 50 Connecticut 147 0 23 167,258 16 West Virginia 112 0 23 205,626 12 Delaware 112 28 21 10,783 49 Hawaii 46 750 4 24,787 46 Source: National Association of State Park Directors, January 1985 Annual Information Exchange; and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1983-84. INLAND WATER AREA ( SQUARE MILES ) 4s6 to 39 \\\\\\ 319 to 667 667 to 989 989 to 1727 1727 to 20171 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 107 TABLE 49 CLMATE AND WEATHER Climate is a factor which affects a firm's costs in many ways including labor recruitment and employee morale; facility construction, operation, and maintenance; as well as weather-related production downtime or shipping delays. This is particularly true of colder climates where snow and freezing temperatures are common. Florida's warm and sunny climate facilitates labor recruitment and eliminates many extra costs incurred by a firm to combat harsh winter weather. Mean Number of Seasonal Days Minimum Heating Temperature of Degree Days 32 Degrees F. (65 Degrees F. Inches of or Less Base) Rank Snow and Ice Rank Median Value 118 5,126 29.8 Hawaii 0 0 1 0.0 1 FLORIDA 8 801 2 0.0 1 Louisiana 27 1,490 4 .2 5 California 32 2,509 8 .1 4 Texas 40 2,207 6 2.9 10 Alabama 50 1,695 5 .3 6 Mississippi 54 2,389 7 1.2 7 Georgia 55 3,021 10 1.9 8 South Carolina 56 2,629 9 1.9 8 North Carolina 70 3,437 12 6.9 13 Arkansas 72 3,152 11 5.4 11 Tennessee 77 3,482 13 8.3 14 Arizona 77 1,442 3 0.0 1 Oregon 82 4,691 18 6.8 12 Virginia 82 3,703 14 11.3 17 Oklahoma 83 3,735 15 9.0 15 New Jersey 91 5,086 23 16.4 18 Washington 93 6,002 32 32.2 29 Maryland 99 4,706 20 21.8 24 Kentucky 100 4,525 17 17.5 20 Delaware 102 4,986 22 20.9 22 Rhode Island 106 5,908 31 37.1 34 Missouri 110 5,111 24 20.1 21 West Virginia 111 4,697 19 31.5 28 New Mexico 117 4,414 16 10.6 16 Connecticut 119 6,174 35 50.0 39 Pennsylvania 119 5,449 25 33.3 31 New York 119 6,198 37 62.1 44 Indiana 120 5,650 28 23.1 25 Illinois 121 6,341 38 32.9 30 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 108 Mean Number of Seasonal Days Minimum Heating Teperature of Degree Days 32 Degrees F. (65 Degrees F. Inches of or Less Base) Rank Snow and Ice Rank Ohio 125 5,605 27 35.3 33 Massachusetts 126 5,593 26 41.8 37 Idaho 129 5,802 29 21.4 23 Kansas 130 4,787 21 16.4 18 Iowa 145 6,554 39 34.7 32 Utah 147 5,802 29 59.1 41 Michigan 154 7,934 46 77.0 48 Nebraska 154 6,194 36 31.1 27 Wisconsin 156 7,326 41 47.0 38 Vermont 160 7,953 47 78.2 49 Nevada 164 6,030 34 25.3 26 Colorado 168 6,014 33 59.8 43 South Dakota 173 7,885 45 39.9 35 Montana 175 7,766 44 59.2 42 Maine 175 7,501 43 72.4 47 Minnesota 176 8,954 48 63.2 45 Wyoming 183 7,310 40 54.1 40 North Dakota 185 9,075 49 40.3 36 Alaska 208 9,105 50 102.8 50 New Hampshire 210 7,482 42 64.5 46 Note: The heating degree day has been defined as follows: "A unit, based upon temperature difference and time, used in estimating fuel consumption and specifying nominal heating load in winter. For any one day, when the mean temperature is less than 65 degrees F., there exist as many degree days as there are Fahrenheit degree differences in the temperature between the average temperature for the day and 65 degrees F." Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Data, National Summary (National Climatic Center, Asheville, N.C., 1980); and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1985. Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 109 TABLE 50 RMAIAN OALE PRICES OF EXISTING SINGLE-FAMILY HCMES, 1985 The cost of housing is a prime consideration in attracting key members of a company's staff to a location. In the following table derived from quarterly survey data, housing prices in various Florida locations compare favorably with other states and the nation average of $75,500. United States $ 75,500 Alaska N/A Alabama Arizona Phoenix 74,700 Arkansas N/A California Orange County (Anaheim/Santa Ana MSA) 60,300 San Diego 106,400 Colorado Denver 84,300 Connecticut Hartford 99,600 Delaware N/A Florida Ft. Lauderdale/Hollywood/Pompano Beach 74,600 Jacksonville 58,400 Miami/Hialeah 80,500 Orlando 70,300 Tampa/St. Petersburg/Clearwater 58,400 West Palm Beach/Boca Raton/Delray Beach 88,300 Georgia N/A Hawaii N/A Idaho N/A Illinois Chicago 81,100 Indiana Indianapolis 55,000 Iowa Des Moines 52,500 Kansas Kansas City 61,400 Kentucky Louisville 50,600 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 110 Table 50 (continues) Louisiana Baton Rouge $ 74,600 Maine Maryland Baltimore 72,600 Massachusetts Boston 134,200 Michigan Detroit 51,700 Grand Rapids 46,700 Minnesota Minneapolis/St. Paul 75,200 Mississippi N/A Missouri St. Louis 65,700 Montana N/A Nebraska Omaha 58,300 Nevada Las Vegas 75,100 New Hampshire N/A New Jersey (See New York) New York Albany/Schenectady 60,300 Buffalo/Niagara Falls 46,700 New York/Northern New Jersey/Long Island 134,000 Rochester 64,200 Syracuse 58,800 New Mexico Albuquerque 76,800 North Carolina Charlotte/Gastonia/Rockhill/ North Carolina/South Carolina 69,400 North Dakota N/A Ohio Akron 52,700 Cincinnati 60,200 Cleveland 64,400 Columbus 62,200 Toledo 51,900 Oklahoma Oklahoma City 64,700 Tulsa 66,700 Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development Table 50 (continues) Oregon Portland $ 61,500 Pennsylvania Philadelphia 70,800 Rhode Island Providence 67,500 South Carolina Charleston 64,700 Tennessee Memphis 64,600 Nashville 66,100 Texas Houston 80,700 Dallas/Ft. Worth 87,700 El Paso 57,600 San Antonio 67,700 Utah Ogden/Salt Lake City 66,700 Vermont N/A Virginia N/A Washington N/A West Virginia N/A Wisconsin Milwaukee 67,500 Wyoming N/A Source: National Association of Realtors, "News", August 12, 1986. Florida and the Other Forty-nine Division of Economic Development 112 Florida Department of Commerce Division of Economic Development 107 West Gaines Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $9,881.92 or $2.99 per copy, to provide a comparative statistical analysis of Florida's locational advantages to be used by business and industry in facility location decisions.