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Coastal Zone Infor.mation Center@ C:5 t 60ANVA PROCRAW 14 ION CE FEB os1977 Indiana State Planning Services Agency Lt. Governor Robert D. Orr, Director 143 West Market Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 Ab ABOAR m 0 m Ago, A& An Aft Ab An Ab Ab Ab Ab Am Ab A& AM- -! M. WWWWO4140.4" HC Abe m oldmkAh Ab As 107 101 of- WW- W '16 As Ab AD As Ab Am Ab Ab Ab 148 1976 As Ab As As As, A& An Ab An no. 102 491mu raw AT -/'EZCONOMIC AND SOCIAL INVENTORY TECHNICAL REPORT 102 PART I PREPARED BY: NORTHWESTERN INDIANA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION INDIANA COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INVENTORY TECHNICAL REPORT 102 PART I -0 SEPTEMBER, 1916 PREPARED FOR: INDIANA STATE PLANNING SERVICES AGENCY THIRD FLOOR HARRISON BUILDING 143 WEST MARKET STREET INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46204 PREPARED BY: NORTHWESTERN INDIANA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION 8149 KENNEDY AVENUE HIGHLAND.. INDIANA 46322 THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING GRANT FROM THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. T A B L E F C 0 N T E N T S Introduction Chapter Page POPULATION Population Trends .......................... I Population Characteristics ........................... 4 Personal and Family Finances ........................ 8 11 EMPLOYMENT Geographic Levels of Comparison ............. e ........ 10 Employment by Place of Residence ..................... 13 Employment by Place of Work ....................... :.. 21 Unemployment ......................................... 25 III POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS Population Forecasts ................................. 30 Employment Forecasts ................................. 34 IV LAND USE AND OWNERSHIP Land Use Inventory ............... 38 Ownership Survey ..................................... 45 V HOUSING Current Housing Stock ................................. 48 Housing Needs ........................................ 50 Regional Housing Needs ................................ 51 Sub-Regional Housing Needs ............................ . 53 VI CULTURAL, HISTORICAL, AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES AND FACILITIES Historical and Architectural Landmarks ............... 58 Cultural Facilities .................................. 59 Educational Resources ................................ 60, VII RECREATIONAL RESOURCES AND FACILITIES Parks and Recreation Ne eds ...... 6 ..................... 65 Parks and Recreation Standards ....................... 65 Chapter Page VII I COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES Public Health Facilities ............................. 69 Public Safety Services. ................................ 70 Solid Waste Disposal: Capacity and Needs ............ 74 Electrical Supply: Capacity and Needs ....... 76 Natural Gas Energy: Capacity and Needs ..... 77 Water Supply: Capacity and Needs ............ I......... 77 Wastewater Treatment: Capacity and Needs ............. 81 Comunications System ................................ 82 ix TRANSPORTATION NETWORK Transportation Facilities ........................... 83 Trip Characteristics .............. .................. 86 Major Planned Improvements ............. I ............... 92 X WATER QUALITY: THE 208 PROGRAM Sources of Data ...................................... 96 Water Quality Standards .............................. 103 Major Sources of Pollution ............................ 107 Existing Wastewater Treatment Facilities .............. 110 Summary of the Region's Water Quality ................. 110 Critical Areas of Water Quality ...................... 120 "208 .. ................................................ 121* Conclusions .......................................... 122 XI AIR QUALITY Gary Air Pollution Control Division .................. 123 Hammond Air Pollution Control Divisiton ............... 124 East Chicago Air Pollution Control Division .......... 124 State Board of Health - Ai.r Pollution Control Division ................................... 124 Major Sources of Pollution ........................... 125 Summary of Air Quality in Northwest Indiana .......... 126 Climate and It's Affects ............................. 129 APPENDIX A ............................................... A-1 APPENDIX B .............................................. A-4 APPENDIX C ............................................... A-'8 APPENDIX D .............................................. A-39 APPENDIX E .................................... A-61 APPENDIX F .............................................. A-79 APPENDIX G ................................................ . A-107 APPENDIX H ........................................... .... A7120 INTRODUCTION Lake Michigan forms the northern boundary for Lake and Porter Counties and the State of Indiana. The 33 miles of shoreline is shared by the nation's largest steel-making complex, power-generating plants, a major shipping port, private homeowners,.and the Dunes State and National Lakeshore Parks. The potential exists for further development of land in the coastal area. What direction this development should take, how much should be allowed, and what should be preser Ived as-oublic open space for future generations are the major issues being addressed in the Coastal Zone Management Program. A methodology for resolving these issues is the major goal. The first step in meeting this goal is an in-depth study of the sociaT, physical, economic and environmental characteristics of the coastal area. The coastal area in northviesterh,Indiana is temporarily defined as being the Lake Michigan drainage basin, which includes the northern half of Lake and Porter Counties. This covers the Lake County townships of Calumet, Center, Hobart, North, Ross, and St. John. Porter ,County townships in the drainage basin are Center, Jackson, Liberty, Pine, Portage, Union and Westchester. This report provides the basic data necessary to begin designing a ,management program that will direct the future uses and prevent abuses of Indiana's coastal zone. OCLC: 3410266 Rec stat: n Entered: 19771111 Replaced: 19940107 Used: 19820901 $ Type: a Bib LvL: m Source: d Lang: eng Repr: Enc Lvi: I Conf pub: 0 Ctry: inu Indx: 0 Mod rec: Govt pub: s Cont: b Desc: i Int tyt: Festschr: 0 Illus: ab F/B: 0 Dat tp: s Dates: 1976, % $ 1 040 IUL Ic IUL % $ 2 043 n-us-in % $ 3 090 HC107.16 Ib 148 no. 102 % $ 4 090 lb % S 5 049 NOW % $ 6 110 2 Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. % S 7 245 10 Economic and social inventory / Ic prepared by Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. % $ 8 260 Indianapolis, Ind. : lb Indiana State Planning Services Agency, Ic 1976. % $ 9 300 2 v. : Ib graphs, coL. maps (some fold.) ; Ic 29 cm. % $ 10 490 1 Technical report ; 102 % S 11 500 On cover: Coastal Zone Management Program. % $ 12 504 includes bibliographical references. % $ 13 651 0 Indiana Ix Economic conditions. % $ 14 651 0 Indiana Ix Social conditions. % $ 15 810 2 Indiana Coastal Zone Management Program. It Technical report Iv no. 102. % POPULATION Population Trends The population of northwestern Indiana has increased from' 408,228 in 1950-to 573,548 in 1960 to 633,367 in 1970. This represents a growth rate of 40.5 percent for the period 1950-60 and 10.4 percent for the period 1960-70. As these figures show, although t he actual numbers have increased, the rate of growth has significantly declined over the past 20 years. The State of Indiana shows a similar decline in growth, from an 18.59 percent increase between 1950-19,60 to only an 11.49 percent in- crease in population during the 1960-1970 decade. A comparison of the Lake County' and Porter County growth trends shows that while Lake County continues to far exceed Porter County in actual population, Porter County has maintained a significantly greater rate of growth. Lake,County's population,increased 39.4 percent during the period .1950-1960 but only 6.4 percent during the period 1960-1970. Porter County's population, however, increased 50.4 percent between 1950-1960 and.44.5 percent between 1960-1970. In actual numbers, Lake County's population growth for the 1950-1960 period was 145,117 and for the 1960-1970 period, 32,984. Porter County increased its population between 1950 and 1960 by 20,203 and by 26,835 between 1960 and 1970. A detailed description of the growth rates in individual Lake Countly and Porter County communities shows that the greatest growth has occurred in the suburban communities of Lake County and nearly all Porter County com- munities, most of which are within the Coastal Zone Management study area. The greatest rates of growth during the period 1960-1970.occurred in.Griffith, Highland, Munster, Lowell, St. John and Portage. East Chicago, Gary, Hammond, New Chicago and Whiting each declined in population between 1960 and 1970. Although the growth trends favor Porter County and suburban Lake. County, the central cities of East Chicago, Hammond and Gary continue to represent the most densely populated area within the two counties. These three cities, with a combined 1970 population of 330,187, constitute slightly more than 52 percent of the region's total population. The combined Coastal Zone Townships account for more than 90 percent of the region's populat.ion. Table la compares the rates of growth in the Gary-Hammond SMSA with comparable figures for the State of Indiana and individual communities in Lake and Porter Counties. Appendix A contain s historical population figures for 1900-1970 for the State, SMSA and CZM Townships, Estimates prepared by the Indiana State.Board of Health. indicate that the region experienced a net out-migration of 25,509 between 1960 and 1970. By County, the estimates are a net out-migration in Lake County of 42 .533, and a net in-migration in Porter County of 17,024. Because Lake County experienced a total population gai n of 32,984, this can be accounted for only by a natural increase of 75,517. Porter County experienced a net in-migration of 17,024, and a natural increase of 9,811. In comparing these figures wi th those of earlier periods, it can be seen that Lake County's migration pattern reversed, and its natural increase slowed, while both Porter County's natural increase and in-migration continued to increase. -2- TABLE ]a: POPULATION GROWTH COMPARISONS 1950 1960 Percent 1970 Percent Change Change State of Indiana 3,934,224 4,662,498 18.5 5,193,669 11.4 SMSA 408,228 573,548 40.5 663,367 10.4 Lake County 368,152 513,269 39.4 546.253 6.4 b Crown Point 5,839 8,443 44.6 12,037 42.6 Dyer 1,556 3,993 155.6 4,906 22.9 East Chicggo 54,263 57,669 6.3 46,982 -18.5 East Gary 5,635 9,309 65.2 15,218 63.5 Gary 133,911 178,320 33.2 175,415 - 1.6 Griffith 4,470 9,483 112.1 18,168 91.6 Hammond, 87,594 111,698 27.5 107,790 - 3.5 ' Highland 5,878 16,284 117.0 24,947 53.2 Hobart 10,244 18,680 8244 21,485 15.0 Lowell 1,621 2,270 40.0 3,839 69.1 Munster 4,753 10,313 117.0 16,514 60.1 New Chicago 921 2,312 151.0 2,231 3.5 St. John 684 1,128 64.9 1,757 55.8 Schererville 1,457 2,875 97.3 3,663 27.4 Whiting 9,669 8,137 -15.8 7,247 -10.9 Merrillvillec ---- 25,978 Porter County 40,076 60,279 50.4 87,114 44.5 Beverl y Shores @488 773 58.4 946 22.4 Chesterton 3,175 4,335 36.5 6,177 42.5 Dune Acres 86 238 176.7 301 26.5 Ogden Dunes 429 927 120.7 1,361 43.7 Portage 11,822 ---- 19,127 61.8 Porter 1,458 2,189 50.1 3,058 39.7 Town of'Pines 939 ---- 1,007 7.2 Valparaiso 129028 15,227 26.6 20,020 31.5 bpooulation figures include the 1970 population of areas annexed after 1970 by Crown Point and East Gary. cSpecial Census conducted in 1972. Source-.- U.S. IDepartment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing, 1950, 1960, 1970. -3- Population Characteristics The median age of northwestern Indiana's residents dropped from 26.6 years in 1960 to 25.6 years in 1970. Comparable figures for the Chicago SMSA and the State of Indiana in 1970 were 28.4 and 27.2 respectively. Hence, the median age of the region is slightly younger than thatof surrounding, areas. Table _jb_ provides a summary of the region's age composition in 1950, 1960 and 1970 derived from Census figures. In 1970, 43 percent of the region's population was under 20 years of age. and 7 percent was over 65 years. These percentages closely approximate the comparable figures for 1960, 41 percent and 6 percent, respectively. How- ever, while the percent of the population in the under 20 group has increased in both the 1950-1960 and the 1960-1970 periods, the percent of population under 5 years in.the latter period has declined from 13 percent to 9 percent. This decline can likely be attributed to a national trend toward smaller family size. TABLE lb : AGE DISTRIBUTION OF NORTHWESTERN INDIANA'S POPULATION 1950, 1960, 1970 Age Group 1950 % of Total 1960 % of Total 1970 % of Total Under 5 46,400 11 76,420 13 58,128 9 5- 14 66,428 16 122,960 21 143,296 23 15 - 19 26,427 7 40,552 7 62,913 @10 20 - 24 32,528 8 34,905 6 47,182 7 25 34 72,351 18 78,937 14 77,088 12 35 44 61,507 15 81,266 14 75,190 12 45 64. 80,504 20 103.012 18 126,551 20 65 and over 22,083 5 35,496 6 43,019 7 TOTAL 408, 228 100 573,548 99 633,367 100 Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,, Census of Population and Housing, 1950, 1960, 1970. Since both the under 20 and over 65 age groups' have increased as a per- cent of the population, the percent of population between 20 and 64 has de- creased. This decrease is especially centered in the 25-44 age group,.w.hich .4- declined in absolute number by 7,925 from 160,203 in 1960 to 152,278 in 1970.. As.a result of the decline in the population between the ages of 25 and 44, the percent of the population under 45 declined from 76 percent in the 11960 to 1970 period. The sex ratio in northwestern Indi ana has shifted over the past 20 years from a male majority of 51.2 percent in 1950 to a female majority of 50.8 .percent in 1970. This trend has occurred in both counties, although it is slightly more pronounced in Lake County. Expressed, as a ratio of males to females, the sex ratio has declined from 1.050 in 1950 to 1.014 in 1960 to 0.967 in 1970. The expected sex ratio of a population is 0.970 which rep- resents the observed frequency of births as adjusted for infant mortality. Deviations from this norm are usua1ly indications of the impact of migration patterns upon the population. The historically high male to female ratio in northwestern Indiana can be attributed to an in-migration of males in search of employment opportunities offered by the industrial development of the' region which has occurred since 1900. The 1970 Census indicates.that the sex ratio in the region has attained a balance level. Table ic provides a summary of the male-female population in north- western Indiana in 1950, 1960 and 1970. TABLE lc SEX COMPOSITION OF NORTHWESTERN INDIANA 1950, 1966 AND 1970 Area 1950 1960 1970 Lake Male Female Male Female Male Female no. 188,613 179,539 2518,302 245,967 268,1616 278,237 % 51.2 48.7 50.3 49.6 49.0 50.9 Porter no. 20,441 19,635 30,509 29,770 43,434. 43,680 % 51.0 48.9 50.6 49.3 49.8 50.1 Total no. 209,054 199,174 288,811 284,737 311,450 321,917 % 51.2 48.7 50.3 49.6 49.1 50.8 Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Popu- lation and Housing, 1950, 1960, 1970. The racial composition of the region was 81.9 percent white and 18.1 percent non-white in 1970. A little over 97.5 percent of the non-white pop- ulation reside in Gary, Hammond and East Chicago. Gary's non-white-popula- tion constitutes 81.5 percent of the total non-white population. The' non-white population in the county area has grown 30.8 percent from 87,724 in 1960 to 114,739 in 1970. As a percent of the total population, non- whites have increased from 15.3 percent in 1960 to a 1970 level of 18.0. The growth rates of the white and non-white populations show a strong trend toward an increasing number of non-whites. The white po pulation grew 'population, however, grew 30.8 6.8 percent from 1960 to 1970, the non-white percent during the same period. In actual numbers, the white population.in- creased 32,804 and the, non-white population 27,015. Of the non-white 1970 Census population figure of 114,739 for the two- county area, the black population was 112,174. The remaining 2,565 popula- tion described as non-white were Indian (504), Japanese (235), Chinese (174), Filipino (309) or classified as "other" (1,343). Table ld presents the racial (white/non-white) composition of the region. The Spanish-Speaking. population of the Region for 1970 was 36,671.. TABLE ld RACIAL COMPOSITION OF NORTHWESTERN INDIANA, 1960 1970 Percent Number Percent. Number Percent Change Total 573,548 100.0 633,367 100.0 10.4 + White 485,824 84.7 518,628 81.9 6.8 + Non-white 87,724 15.3 114,739 18.1 30.8 + Source U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing, 1960, 1970. In the 1960 to 1970 decade, the medi.an number of school years completed by the region's population 25 years of age and older rose from 10.5 to 12.0. Current (1970) figures for the State of Indiana and the CZM area towns,hips are -6- presented on Table le *Ross Township in Lake County and Center Township in Porter County have the highest median number of school years completed, 12.2 and 12.4 respectively. TABLE le MEDIAN SCHOOL YEARS COMPLETED By BY STATE, COUNTY AND TOWNINSHIP LAKE 11.8 PORTER 12.3 CALUMET 11.5 CENTER 12.4 CENTER 12.2 JACKSON 12.1 HOBART 11.3 LIBERTY 12.1 .NORTH 11.9 PINE 12.1 ROSS 12.2 PORTAGE 12.2 ST. JOHN 12.1 UNION 12.1 STATE OF INDIANA 12.1 WESTCHESTER 12.3 Source; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing, 1970. The percent of population 25 years of age and older who have completed 4 or more years of high school compare as follows: northwestern Indiana 50.0, the United-States - 52.3, and the State of Indiana - 52.9. The median educational level of minority groups is lower than that of the population as a whole. The black population of northwestern Indiana, 25 years of age and older, has a median number of school years completed of 10.7; the Latin population has a median number of school years, completed of 8.9. TABLE if MEDIAN SCHOOL YEARS COMPLETED BY SEX AND MINORITY GROUP Population Group Median School Years Completed Male Female Total Total Population 25 years and over 12.0 12.0 12.0 Total Black Population 25 years and over 10.3 11.0 10.7 .Total Spanish-Speaking Population 25 years and over 8.8 8.9. 8.9 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing, 1970. -7- Personal and Family Finances Family and per capita income in northwestern Indiana compare favorably to statistics for the state and the U.S. As the statistics in Table _Ig_ show, the great majority, 75.4 percent, of the-region's families are in the $7,000 to $24,999 bracket. Specifically, 20.8 percent are in the $7,000 - $9,999 bracket, 34.4 percentare in the $10,000 to $14,999 bracket, and 20.2 percent are in the $15,000 to $24,999 bracket. The remainder, or 3.7 percent are in the upper bracket of $25,000 or more. The median family income in northwestern Indiana, $11,012, is higher than the median for the United States and th e State of Indiana. Per capita income in northwestern Indiana, $3,172 is also higher than the per capita for the United States and the State of Indiana. Table Ig presents comparable income statistics for the United States, the State, and the SMSA. Coastal Zone Townships' statistics are contained in Appendix A. Spendable average weekly earnings during the third quarter of 1974 Jn. northwestern Indiana were among the highest in the state. Lake County ranked seco nd and Porter County ranked third among all Indiana counties with spend- able average weekly earnings of $187.66 and $182.50 respectively. According tothe "Indiana Business Review" (Indiana University Graduate School of Business, May 1975), these figures represent increases over the last qua rter of 4.5 percent in Lake County and 5.6 percent in Porter County. Bank deposits and savings and loan association.savings capital in north- western Indiana in 1970 totaled $1,334,600,000 or $2,107.15 per capita. This compares with per capita figures for the State of Indiana of $2,586.62, and for the Fort Wayne, Indiana SMSA of $2,920.24. The lower per capita figure in northwestern Indiana can be at least partially attributed to the amount -8- of banking from northwestern Indiana transacted with Chicago savings. institutions. TABLE iq FAMILY INCOME COMPARISONS 1969 U.S. Indiana Northwestern Family Income % % Indiana Less than 3,000 10.3 7.8 6.8 3,000 - 4,999 10.0 8.4 6.1 5,000 - 6,999 11.9 11.4 8.0 7,000 - 9,999 20.6 22.6 20.8 10,000 - 14,999 26.6 30.4 24i4- 15,000@- 24,999 16.0 15.9 20.6 25,000 or more 4.6 3.5 3.7 Medan Family Income $9,586 $9,966 $11,012 Per Capita Income $3,119 $3,070 $ 3,172 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County and City Data Booki 1972. -9- EMPLOYMENT The inventory of employment data for the northwestern Indiana region includes historical data for large geographic levels, employment by place of residence for Lake and Porter Counties from Census statistics, employment by place of work for Lake and Porter Counties and townships from Indiana Employment Security Division (IESD) and supplemental sources, and unemployment statistics for the region for 1970-1975 from the IESD. Geographic Level Comparisons In analyzing the employment patterns of northwestern Indiana, it is well to initially examine the region's employment in relation to larger geographic levels. Table _2,a_ presents labor statistics for 1960 and 1970 for the .United States, the State of Indiana, and the SMSA. Northwestern Indiana's growth from 1960 to 1970 in civilian labor force, +11.7 percent, total'. employed, +13.2 percent, and total non-agricultural employment, +14.1 percent was in each case less than the percentage increase of the geographic levels studied. Total manufacturing employment, which accounts for about half the region's employment, remained relatively stable over the 10 year period,, which would account for the smaller overall percentage increase. Agricultural employment in northwestern Indiana decreased by more than. half, -53.8 percent over the 10 year period. A large percentage decrease, 36.6 percent was likewise experienced in the United States. The percentage decrease for the region however was higher than the other geographic levels., perhaps reflecting the increased use of farm land for other purposes, and the availability of jobs for farm laborers in the region's industries. Table 2b. gives employment for non-agricultural wage and salaried workers by industrial category for the three geographic levels. Percentage changes TABLE 2a BASIC LABOR STATISTICS COMPARISONS 1960-1970 EMPLOYMENT STATUS 1960 1970 % CHANGE 1960-197U Toal Civilian Labor U.S. 69,628,000 82,715,000 + 18.8 Indiana 1,828,300 2,177,900 + 19.1 N.W. Indiana SMSA 221,400 247,400 + 11.7 Total Employment U.S. 65,778,000 78,627,000 + 19.5 Indiana 1,730,000 2,063,300 + 19.5. N.W. Indiana SMSA 209,100 236,800 + 13.2 Non-Agriculturala .U.S. 60,318,000 75,165,000 + 24..6 Indiana --- N.W. Indiana SMSA 206,500 235,600 + 14.1 Agricultural U.S. 5,4585000 3,4625000 36.6 Indiana --- .N.W. Indiana SMSA 2,600 1,200 + 53.8 Involved in Labor-Management Disputes U.S. --- --- Indiana --- 10,300 N.W. Indiana SMSA 800 aTotal non-agricultural includes wage and salaries, self-employed and domestics. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings: United States 1909-1,971, Bulletin 1312-8. Indiana Employment Security Division, Manpower Trends in Indiana 1,971. Indiana Employment Security Division, Gary, Hammond, East Chicago SMSA,, Work Force Summar ies 1960-1972. in 4',`iese categories from 1960-1970 are also shown. Manufacturing increases of 15.2 percent in the United S.tates, and 19.6 percent in Indfana are much. higher than the 1.8 percent increase experienced in northwestern Indiana. Primary metals, the region's largest employer, increased by 9,400 or 15.0 percent. 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CO CD C) C) CD CD C) CD CO C) CD C. 0 C> Cl C) C@ C> CO 40 Cl CD C> C@l a CDO CD Cl CDI 0 C@ C@ C@b C> C> CD 4= C@ CD C) CO C> C> C) C) CD 0 in CO CO + + + + ul w Pb -4 to GI) rn. zs I.0 C, C> :0 'Com I C" co 0) w ;0 to 0 C@ C) C@ CD cn CD CD CD C, C> C.) :D CD CD C> CD Cl a Q C> a C@ C) ,a Pa m w L; 14 %a 0 Go 40 f C@ CD C3 C) CD a C@ Q CO a C) C> C3 C@ Q 0 CD a Cl CD C@ C@ CDO CDP Cl C) ci C@ C> C> C@ C) > &Q X CA + + C, li 0% N3 N3 w p. w -MWW.P. w p. C@ r-j -Q to 61 ;D ;0 rnj fabricated metals decreased only in the region, and increased in the United States 21.6 percent, and the State 31.3 percent. At all geographic levels, non-manufacturing showed large increases; 16,809,000 employees or 48.8 percent in the United States, 301,300 empl oyees or 26.4 percent in the State, and 29,400 employees or 34.1 percent in the region. Trade, the non-manufacturing category with the greatest number of employees, increased fairly equally at all geographic levels. Service and government, the next largest categories, s@howed the greatest increases over the ten year period at all the geographic levels. In northwestern Indiana, Service increased by 9,200 employees or 66.7 percent, and Govern- ment by 9,600 employees or 71.1 percent. These percentage increases for the region were higher than those of all other geographic levels. Other non manufacturing categories s-uch as construction, transpor- t.ation, communication and utilities showed less growth in the region than nationally or in the State. Employment By Place Of Residence The 1960 and 1970 Censuses of Population provide data,on the occupa- tional groups and industrial categories of employed persons by their place of.residence for the total two-county region and separately for Lake an-d Porter Counties. This data will be used to show changes in the occupational groups and industrial categories of employees living in northwestern Indiana. EmpLoyment by Occupationat Group Occupational data for the region is presented on Table 2c In 1960 and 1970, the greatest number of employees were craftsmen-foremen and oper;- atives. These two groups accounted for over 40 percent of the occupations in the region for both census years and showed increases of 15.4 percent in the craftsmen-foremen group and 7.5 percent in the operatives group. -13- TABLE 2c @MPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP LAKE COUNTY Employment 1960 % of 1970 % of 1960 1970 Change Total Total %of % of Group 1960 1970 1960-1970 in County in County SMSA SMSA Professional-Technical 15,803 22,215 +40.6 8.6 11.0 86.2 83.3 Managers & Administrators 9,786 10,139 +3.6 5.3 5.0 85.3 82.0 Clerical Workers 24,431 33,297 +36.3 13.3 16.5 89.9 85.8 Sales Workers 9,565 10,518 +9.9 5.2 5.2 88.Z 85.0 Craftsmen & Foremen 40,892 44,813 +9.6 22.3 22.3 90.1 85.5 Laborers (Except Farm) 17,740 14,906 -16.0 9.6 7.4 94.0 90.5 Operatives 38,955 40,508 +4.0 21.2 20.1 91.2 88.2 Private Household 2,310 1,639 -29.0 1.3 .8 86.6 88.3 Service 1-3,728 22,446 +63.5 7.5 11.2 88.9 85.8 Farm Laborers 390 324 -16.9 .2 .2 55.2 64.8 Farmers/Farm Managers 817 540 -33.9 .4 3 U.7 58.8 a Not Reported 9,355 N.A. N.A. 5.1 N.A. 94.4 N.A. TOTAL 183,772 201,345 +9.6 100.0 100.0 89.6. 85.9 PORTER COUNTY Professional-Technical 2,532 4,460 +76.1 11.9 13.5 13.8 16.7 Managers & Administrators 1,682 2,222 +32.1 7.9 6.7 14.7 18.0. Clerical Workers 2,737 5,511 +101.4 12.9 16.7 im 14.2 Sales Workers 1,284 1,848 +43.9 6.0 5.6 11.8 15.0 raftsmen & Foremen 4,505 7,584 +68.3 21.2 22.9 9.9 14.5 Laborers (Except Farm) 1,132 1,568 +38.5 5.3 4.7 610 9.5 Oper 3,757 5,416 +44.1 17.7 16.4 8.8 11.8 aV@es Private Household 352 217 -38.3 1.7 .7 13.2 11 .7 Service 1,711 3,711 +116.9 8.0 11.2 11.0 14.2 Farm Laborers 316 176 -44.3 1.5 .5 44.8 35.2 Farmers/Farm Manaqers 704 379 -46.1 3,3 46.1 41.2 Not Reported 553 N.A. N.A. 2.6 N.A. 5.6 N.A. TOTAL 21,265 33,092 +55.6 100.0 100.0 10.4 14.1 NORTHWESTERN INDIANA Professional-Technical 18,335 26,675 +45.5 8.9 11.4 Managers & Administrators 11,468 12,361 +7.8 5. *6 5.3 Clerical Workprq 27,168 38,808 13.2 16.6 Sales Worltn-s 10,849 12,366 +14.0 5.3 5.3 Craftsmen & Foremen 45,397 52,397 +15.4 22.2 22.4 Laborers (Except Farm) 18,872 16,474 -12.7 9.2 7.0 Operatives 42,712 45,924 +7.5 20.8 19.6 Private Household 2,662 1,856 -30.3 1.3 .8 Service 15,439 26,157 +610.4 11.1 Farm Laborers 706 500 -29.2 .2 Farmers/Farm, Managers 1,521 919 .7 .4 Not Reported 9,908 N.A. N.A. 4.8 -N.A. TOTAL 205,037 234,437 +14.3 100.0 160.0 a N.A. - Not Applicable Sources: U.S. Department of Commercc, Bureau of the Census, Census of the United States, 1960-1970: Population. -14- Theconcentration of employment in these two occupational categories is to be expected because of the major primary metals industry where such oc- cupations predominate. However, in making comparisons between individual occupational groups and specific industrial categories, it must be noted that the same occupational group can be found in several industries. The occupations showing the greatest percentage increases between 1960 and 1970 were service, 10,718 or 69.4 percent, professional -technical , 8,340 or 45.5 percent, and clerical, 11,640 or 42.8 percent. The growth in the government and service industry categories during the ten-year period would account for much of the increase in these occupational groups. By 19709 profe ssional-technical, clerical, and service occupations together accounted for 91,640 employees or 39.1 percent of the total occupati,ons in the region, an increase of 9.4 percent over 1960 when they were 60,942 or 29.7 percent of the total. Farm laborers and farmers/farm managers were the occupations which experienced large declines from 1960-1970. While the decreases of 206 employees, 29.2 percent, for farm laborers and 602 employees, 39.6 per- cent, for farmers/farm managers are high, it must be pointed out that these occupations together were only 1.1 percent in 1960 and .6 percent in 1970 of the total occupations in the region. The decrease in those. identifying their occupations as farm laborers and farmers/farm managers is also reflected in the 25.9 percent decrease between the census years 1960-1970 in agricultural industry employment. Other occupational changes between 1960-1970 include a 7.8 percent increase in managers and a 14.0 percent increase i n sales workers. Both groups remained relatively stable from 1960-1970 in the percentage each comprised of the total occupations in the SMSA: managers goi;hg from 5.6 percent to 5.3 percent and sales workers remaining at 5.3 percent. -15- Total employment in all occupations categories increased 14.3 per- cent between 1960 and 1970. This increase represented an additional 29,400 employees living in the region. Table 2c also gives a breakdown of residential occupation data by each county in the region. Each county's greatest occupational growth from 1960 to 1970 occurred in the service group with Lake County increasing by 8,718 or 63.5 percent, and Porter County by 2,000 or 116.9 percent. The occupational category which had the most employees.. living in each county for both census years was the craftsmen-foremen group. However Porter County showed a much higher percentage increase, 68 3 percent, in the ten year period than Lake County, 9.6 percent. Professional-technical occupations increased in both counties, but Porter County again showed a greater percentage increase, 76.1 percent or 1,298, than Lake County, 40.6 percent or 6,412. Also, in 1970, professioral-technical occupations comprised a slightly higher percent-., age of the occupations of persons residing in Porter County, 12.5 percent, than Lake County, 11.5 percent. in both counties, clerical workers showed significantincreases from 1960-1970 with Lake County increasing by.8,866 or 36.3 percent9 and Porter County more than doubling the number of clerical workers living in the county to 5,511 for a 101.4 percent increase. The operatives group showed a much greater increase in Porter Coun ty in both percentage, 44.1 percent and total number of workers, 1',659, than Lake County with an increase of 1,553 workers" or 4.0 percent. The crafts- men-foremen and operatives group increases in Porter County can be largely attr-ibuted to the pr.imary metals industrial growth in Porter County during the decade. 16- Groups which declined in both Lake and Porter Counties were private household workers, farmers/farm managers and farm laborers. The decline in the private household worker occupation was similar in both counties, with Porter County decreasing by 38.3 percent and Lake County by 29.0 percent. The decrease in the percentage private household workers com- prised of the total occupations in each county was equally similar: 1.3 percent in 1960 to .8 percent in 1970 for Lake County, and 1.7 percent in 1960 to .7 percent in 1970 for Porter County. The farm laborers and farmers/farm managers groups showed a.much greater decrease in Porter County than in,Lake County. In 1960, these two qroup--s made up .6'p-e--rcent of the total occupations in Lake County, and 4.8 percent in Porter County. By 1970, Lake County showed .5 per- cent of its total occupations in these two groups; however, Porter County had dropped to 1.6 percent of the total. In Porter County, farm laborers decreased by 140 or 44.3 percent, and farmers/farm managers by 325 or 46.1 percent, whereas Lake County lost 66 farm laborers for a 16.9 percent decline, and 277 farmers/farm managers or 33.9 percent. The growth in numbers of workers living in Porter County was 1,1,827 or 55.6 percent in the ten year period. In Lake County 17,573 resident workers were added, an increase of only 9.6 percent. The percentage of workers by occupation group living in each county also reflects growth in Porter County. In 1960, 89.6 percent of the total employed persons lived in Lake County and 10.4 percent in Porter County. By 1970, Porter County increased to 14.1 percent and Lake County decreased to 85.9 percent of the total workers. In Lake County, the percent of resident employees decreased in all occupational groups except private household,, -177 farm laborers and farmers/farm managers. Craftsmen-foremen showed the greatest change of all the groups, dropping from 90.1 percent to 85.5 percent in Lake County and increasing 9.9 percent to 14.5 percent in Porter County. ErtpZoyment by IndustriaZ Category Employment of workers living in the SMSA by industrial category for 1960 and 1970 is presented on Table 2d. Categories experiencing the greatest growth over the ten year period were other durable manufacturing, 4,482 or 61.2.percent; government, 6,044 or 53.3 percent; construction, 2j477 or 22.5 percent; trade, 9,502 or 30.5 percent; and service, 7,281 or 26.6 percent. Mining had an increase of 245.5 percent but this category accounted for only .1 percent of the total employees living in the region. Increases in printing, 3.9 percent, finance, insurance and real estate, 3.6 percent, and primary metals, 5.0 percent, were considerably smaller. Primary metals, employing one-third of the residents of the SMSA for both. Census years, increased only 3,356 employees. From 1960 to 1970, fewer residents of the SMSA were employed in the industrial categories of food manufacturing, which lost 945 employees or 28.3 percent; other non-durables, which lost 2,564 or 24.2 percent; chemicals., which lost 911 or 23.8 percent; and agriculture, which lost 618 for a 25.9 percent decline. The figures on Table 2d also show that employees living in Lake, County increased in all but six industrial categories from 1960 to 1970. In Porter County increases occurred in all categories but three. Significant increases occurred in Lake County in.the categories of other- durables, which increased by 3,493 or 58.0 percent; trade by 7,560 or 27.8 percent; and service by 4,332 or 18.0 percent. The percentage increase in employees living in Porter County was much higher in nearly all categories. _18- TABLE 2d EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY NORTHWESTERN INDIANA % Change 1960 % 1970 % 1960-% 1970 % Categorya 1960 1970 1960-70 of Co. of Co. of SMSA of SMSA Service 27,423 34,704 +26.6 13.4 14.8 Construction 11,021 13,498 +22.5 5.4 5.8 Food Manufacturing 3,334 2,389 -28.3. 1.6 1.0 Other Non-Durable 10,597 8,033 -24.2 5.2 3.4 Other Durable 7,325 11,807 +61.2 3.6 5.0 Printing .2,631 2,735 +3.9 1 3 1.2 Chemicals 3,818 2,907 -23.8 .1:9 1.2 Metals. 67,036 70,392 +5.0 32.7 30.0 Transportation Equipment 4,673 5,402 +15.6 2.2 2.3 Transportation, Communication, Utilities 13,701 13,638 -0.4 5.8 Trade ' , 31,134 40,636 +30.5 15.2 17.4 Finance liVurance, Real Estate 8,538 8,843 +3.6 4.1 3.8 Government 11,331 17,375 +53.3 5.5 7.4 Mining 90 311 +245.5 Agriculture -2,385 1,767 -25.9 1.2 0.8 TOTAL 205,037 234,437 +14.3 100.0 100.0 LAKE COUNTY 'Service 24,076 28,408 +18.0 13.1 14J 11.7 12.1 Construction 9,378 10,858 +15.8 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.6 Food Manufacturing 3,134 2,2r2 -28.0 1.7 1.1 1. S 1.0 Other Non-Durable 9,946 7,528 -24.3 5.4 3.7 4.9 3.2 Other Durable 6,024 @,,517 +58.0 3.3 4.7 2.9 4.0, Printing_ 2,352 2,397 +1.9 1.3 1.2 1. 1 1.0 Chemicals 3,707 2,738 -26.1 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.2 Metals 62.395 62,160 34.0 30.9 .30.4 26.5 Transportation Equipment 4,432 4,823 +8.1 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.0 TrajispurLdLioii, Cuinmuiii(Ation, Utilities 12,192 11,827 -3.0 6.6 5.9 @5.9 5.0 Trade 27,221 34,781 +27.8 14.8 17.3 13.3 14.8 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 7,448 7,653 +2.7 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.3 Government 10,065 15,010 +49.1 5.5 4.9, 6.4 Mining 72 274 +280.5 -- 0.1 -- 0.1 Agriculture -1,330 1.119 -15.9 0.7 .0.5 6.6 0.5 TOTAL 183,772 201,345 +9.6 100.0 100.0 89.4 85.7 PORTER COUNTY Service 3,347 6,296 @88.1 15.8 19.0 1.6 2.7 Construction 1,643 2,640 +60.7 7.7 8.0 0.8 1.1 Food Man0acturing 200 137 -31.5 0.9 0.4 D. I -- Other Non-Durable 651 505 -22.4 3.1 1.5 0.3 0.2 Other Durable 1,301 2,290 +76.0 6.1 6.9 6.6 1.0 Printing 279 338 +15.6 1.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 Chemitals 111 169 +52.2 0.5 0.5 -- -- Metals 4,641 8,232 +77.4 21.8 24.9 2.3 3.5 Transportation Equipment 241 579 +140.2 1.1 1.8 0.1 o.2 Transportation, Conimunication, .Utilities 11509 +L10.0 7.1 5.5 0.7 0.8 Trade 3,913 5,855 +49.6 18.4 17.7 1.9 2.5 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 1,090 1.190 +9.1 5.1 3.6 0.5 Government 1,266 2,365 +86.8 6.0 7.1 .0.6 1.0 Mining 18 37 +105.5 0.1 0.1 -- Agriculture -1,055 648 -38.6 5.0 2.0 0.5 0..3 TOTAL 21,265 33,092 +55.6 100.0 100.0 aCategories. given are combinations of those used in the Census; however, totals remain constant. bIncludes only Public Administration-and Schools. Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of the United States, 1960-1970: E2RILl ation- -19- Primary metals, the industrial category of the majority of workers residing in both counties, dropped 0.3 percent in Lake County, but increased by 3,591 or 77.4 percent in Porter County. By 1970, 24.9 percent of the residents in Porter County and 30.@ percent of those in Lake County identified their industrial category as primary metals. Porter County showed larger increases in residents working in the categories of service, 2,949 or 88.1 percent; government, 1,099 or 86.8 percent; other-durables, 989 or 76.0 percent; construction, 997 or 60.7 percent; and trade, 1,942 for an increase of 49.6 percent. Fewer persons in both counties in 1970 were employed in food manufacturing, other non-durables and agriculture. Lake County decreased 28.0 percent or 882.residents employed in food manufacturing, and Porter County decreased 31.5 percent or 63 employed persons. Other non-durables which comprised 5.4 percent of the employed persons living in Lake County in 1960 decreased 2,418 or 24.3 percent by 1970, totaling only 3.7 percent of the county's employed persons. In Porter County persons employed in other non-.durAbles decreased by 146 or 22.4 percent by 1970 and dropped from 3.1 percent in 1960 to 1.5 percent in 1970 of the total employed persons living in Potter .County.., Agriculture showed a greater decrease in Porter County, 38.6 percent or 407 employees, during the decade, than.in Lake County, which dropped 15.9 percent or 211 employees. Residents of Porter County employed in chemicals increased by 58 or 52.2 percent, but those in Lake County.decreased by 969 or 26.1 percent. In general, the number of employed persons living in Lake County remained fairly stable in most industrial categories over the ten year, period. Porter County, however, showed large increases in several categories, which is reflected in the 55.6 percent (11,827) increase in total employees living in the county. -20- Employment by Place of Work 'The Census employment figures which have been.presented all relate to employees living in the SMSA who may or may not work in the SMSA. Therefore, data has also been tabulated and analyzed by quarter section zone for persons who work in the SMSA, though they may not reside in either of the two counties. In order to obtain figures of employment by place of work for each quarter section zone, it 'was necessary to perform several operations. Initially, data on employment was collected from the Indiana State Highway Commission (ISHC), for employers covered by the Indiana Employment Securities Division. Added to this data were supplemental employment figures on non-covered employment and a distribution of employment to zones through land use or existing employment ratios. The procedures followed in the development of this data are detailed in a report entitled "Employment Survey Technical Report." (Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 1974.) Table 2e presents 1971 employment by place of work for the SMSA and Lake and,Porter Counties. Table 2f presents township employment by place of work generated by aggregating quarter section zones. In the total SMSA and each of its counties, the largest employer is the steel mills. The steel industry provided 69,025'or 29.5 percent of the jobsin 1971. In L ake County, 29.4 percent, or 61 076 persons work ed in the steel industry, which accounted for 88.5 percent of the steel mill empl.oyment in the SMSA. Porter County, with 11.5.percent of the steel mill employment in the.SMSA, had 7,949 workers or 30.8 percent of the jobs in the county. Other primary-metals, fabricated metals, transportation equipment and other-durables, which together with the steel mills comprise all durable manufacturing, totaled 22,686 employees or 8.7 percent of the jobs.in the SMSA. The vast majority of durable manufacturing employment was in Lake County; however, in the other-durables category, 25.1 percent or 1. 1860 employees had jobs in Porter County. -21- M aw W ow, AM, 'on M M go 'an am go) M M. on TABLE NON-FARM INDUSTRY, DIPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK, 1911 % In % Of % In % Of Total % Lake Lake SMSA By Porter Porter SMSA By Categorya SMSA In SMSA County County Category C t County Category ounty Service 23,100 9.9 18,799 goo 81.4 4,301 16.7 18.6 Construction 10,395 4.4 9,061 4.4 87.2 1,334 5.2 12.8 Food Manufacturing 2,902 1.2 2,802 1.3 96.6 100 .4 3.4 Printing 2,243 1.0 1,994. 1.0 88.9 249 1.0 11.1 Chemicals 2,976 1.3 2,946, 1.4 99.0 30 .1 1.0 Petroleum Refining 5,831 2.5 5,826 2.8 99,9 5 .1 Other Non-Durables 2,253 1.0 2,043 1.0 90.7 210 .8 9.3 Steel Mills 69,025 29.5 61,076 29.4 88.5 7,949 30.8 11.5 Other Primary Metals 5,397 2.2 5,02C 2.4 98.5 77 .3 1.5 Fabricated M etals 7,036 3.0 6,677 3.2 94.9 359 1.4 5.1 N3 Transportation Equipment 3,131 1.3 3,131 1.5 100.0 0 Other Durables 7,422 3.2 5,562 2.7 74.9 1,860 7.2 25.1 Transportation, Communication, Utilities 14,274 6.1 lz.'189 6.4 92.4 1,085 4.2 7.6 Trade 36,543 15.6 32,636 15.7 89.3 3,907 15.1 1.7 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 6,300 2.7 5,672 2.7 90.0 628 9.4 10.0 Government 22,822 9.8 20,44E 9.8 89.6 2,377 9.2 10.4 All Other Non-Agriculture 12,305 5.3 10,957 5.3 89.1 1,348 5.2 10.9 TOTAL 233,555 100.0 207,836 100.0 88.9 25,819 100.0 11.1 aNon-Farm Industry employment includes wage and salaried workers, domestics and self-employed. Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 1971 Employment Inventory.. TABLE 2f@: NON-FARM INDUSTRY TOWNSHIP EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK 1971 CONST. & LAKE COUNTY MANUFACT. MINING T.C.& U. TRADE F.I.R.E. S.S. GOV. OTHER TOTAL 97,077 9,080 13,189 32,636 5,672 18,799 19,745 10,944 CALUMET 37,875 3,284 5,341 12,299 2,232 7,042 9,644 4,334 CENTER 235 125 335 837 260 733 694 175 HOBART 127, 169 317, 1,404 81 .430 1,123 198. 57,911 4,754 7,074 14,738 2,608 8,287 6,858 5,731 NORTH ROSS 262 326 5 1,487 289 896 532. 208 ST. JOHN 210 352 74 1,202 162 970 395 185 PORTER COUNTY TOTAL 10,840 1,315 1.,085 3,907 628 4,301 2,377 1,343 CENTER 1,899 @527 416 2,470 361 3,602 753 554 JACKSON 0 24 0 4 0 11 14 2.. LIBERTY 13 13 31 13 0 23 43 6 PINE 0 0 59 34 0 25 3 6 PORTAGE 2,326 219 349 468 70 260 708 132 UNION 14 12 0 0 0 3 41 3 WESTCHESTER 6,378 498 199 616 154 356 .655, 600 Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 1971 Employment Inventory. -23- In non-manufacturing,.the category which accounted for,15.6 p .ercent., of the total employment in the SMSA was trade, both wholesale and retail., The SMSA had 36,543 workers in trade, with Lake County accounting for 32,636 or 89.3 percent, and Porter County for 3,907 or 10.7 percent. Trade comprised 153 percent of the jobs in Lake County and 10.7 percent of the jobs in Porter County. Service and government were the next largest non-manufacturing categories in the SMSA and in each county. Service employed 23,100 workers in the SMSA in 1971: 18,799 or 81.4 percent were in Lake County and 4,301 or 18.6 percent were in Porter Cou nty. The service category made up 9.9 percent of the SMSA's total employment; 9.0 percent of Lake County's,employment and 16.7 percent of Porter County's employment. Government, with 22,822 or 9.8 percent of the total SMSA employment, accounted for 20,445 or 9.8 percent of thejobs in Lake County and'2,377 or 9.2 percent of the jobs in Porter County. Transportation, communication and utilities in the SMSA totaled 13,189 or 6.4 percent of the employees in Lake County and 1,085 or 4.2 percent of the employees in Porter County. The remaining cat egories, other non-agriculture (12,305), construction (10,395) and finance-insurance-real-estate.(6,300) totaled 29,000 workers.in the SMSA or 12.4 percent of the total SMSA employment. The non-manufacturing categories together totaled 53.8 percent of the employment in Lake County and 58.0 percent of the employment in Porter County. Similar statistics for the coastal townships are presented in Table 2f The total number of jobs by all townships is presented in Table 2q to show the distribution of employment in. Lake and Porter Counties. The heaviest concentration of jobs falls in the Lake County townships of North- with.108,642 or 46.51perceint, and Calumet.@WitK-92@107--or.'35'.I'perceht of-the' -24- region's 233,655 jobs. Center (10,581 jobs) and Westchester (11,456 jobs) townships in Porter County together account for another 9.1 percent. Em- ployment is fairly equal in the townships of Center (3,395), Hobart (3,873), Ross (4,005), and St. John (3,578). TABLE 2q : TOTAL TOWNSHIP EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK, 1971 TOWNSHIP EMPLOYMENT % OF REGION., LAKE: Calumet* 82,107 35.1 Cedar Creek 1,121 0.5 Center* . 3,395 1.5 Eagle Creek Hanover 508 0.2 Hobart* 3,873 1.7 North* 108,642 46.5 Ross* 4,005 1.7 St. John* 3,578 1.5 West Creek 455 0.2 Winfield 148 0.1 PORTER: Boone 249 0.1 Center* 10,581 4.5 Jackson* 55 Liberty* 142 OJ Morgan 27 Pine* 127 0.1 Pleasant 211 0.1 Portage* 2,551 1.1. Porter 55 Union* 73 Washington 287 0.1. Westchester* 11,456 4.9 TOTAL 233,655 100.10 denotes CZM study area township ,Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 1971 Employment Inventory. Unemployment Three categories of unemployment must be considered in analyzi.ng north- western Indiana's economy. Each is the result of different conditions and impacts the economy in varying ways. -25- Of the three categories frictional, cyclical and structural frictional has the least severe impact. Such unemployment is a result of the normal process of adjustment within a specialized labor force as it reacts to the changing demands of the economy. Economists estimate that frictional unemployment accounts for between 3 percent and 4.5 percent of the nation's unemployment. There is no reason to believe that the frictional'unemployment in northwestern Indiana is any higher. Further- more such unemployment is short term for each affected member of the labor force and therefore does not present as serious a problem to the un- employed worker or economy as would unemployment caused by cyclical or structural dislocations. Cyclical unemployment, it must be noted, is a function of the national economy and is caused by temporary declines in national aggregate spending. Although cyclical unemployment tends to most affect manufacturers.of durable goods., the basic steel industry is perhaps less directly affected than are manufacturers of consumer goods. Severe cyclical downturns, however, do, adversely affect the region's steelindustry. Structural unemployment and chronic structural unemployment pose the greatest threats to northwestern Indiana's economic well-being. Structural Unempl .oyment is characterized by three factors: (a),it requires a basic occupational adaptation on the part of displaced workers, (b) it persists much longer than frictional unemployment, and (c) it can engender serious soc ial Problems. Chronic structural unemployment is even more severe in its effects and has the additional characteristics of being concentrated on a comparatively small portion of the labor force, and persisting even through economic Upturns. -26- it is difficult to determine the.number of workers who are affected by'chronic unemployment and who have become discouraged and dropped out, of the active work force, but there is good reason to believe that north- western Indiana's economy contains a large and growing number of "hidden unempl oyed. Future economic development planning will attempt to identify the magnitude of structural unemployment in some detail as its impact on both those persons directly affected and on the region's economic future.are considered to be of vital importance. Modernization and mechanizat ion of the region's principal industry and the high skill levels required in the growing service industries of the region accentuate the potential problems of structural unemployment. Ad--: equately training and retraining the labor force will play an increasingly important role in the development of northwestern Indiana's economy and in minimizing future unemployment problems. Diversifying employment opportu-@. nities will, of course, also play a major role in addressing the problem of structural unemployment and will impact unemployment caused by cyclical downturns in the eco nomy. The annual recorded unemployment rate in northvT6ttern' Indiana in, recent years has ranged from 3.6 percent in 1970 to 6.0 percent in-1971. The rate declined in 1972 to 5.1 percent followed by a range of 4.8 percent in 1973 and 4.7 percent in 1974. Figure I shows the quarterly ;ind annual average unem- ployment rates for the period 1970 to the present for the SMSA. -27- oll OD ri OD 0 4r POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS Reliable estimates of future population and employment levels are crucial to any planning effort. These forecasts are necessary for the determination of required future capacities of major public services and in the formulation of proposals for the use of the region's land and water ,resources. They can also serve as indicators of potential problems assbc- iated with.the region's coastal zone. The number of people who will live and work in northwestern Indiana fn future decades, as well as the general geographical patterns of the locations of their homes and places of employment, are the most important considerations in the development of the plans. They are the basic elements in the deter- mination of the future needed size and the appropriate location of sewers, highways and water mains, the calculation of requirements for housing construction, and the estimation of future needs for recreational open space, educational facilities and other urban services. Using reliable population and employment forecasts, public services can be provided effi- ciently and with maximum accessibility and convenience of use. Population and employment forecasts were generated by the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission as part of an eight-county northeastern. Illinois - northwestern Indiana effort in cooperation with the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission. The base year for the forecasts.is 1970. They were developed after an analysis of past trends relating to population growth and expected future changes in those trends. Population forecasts were generated using a combination of the cohort-survival and population- to-employment ratio techniques. Employment forecasts were developed throug h the use of a "shift-share," methodology, comparing national growth rates to those in northwestern Indiana. -29- In addition to these forecasts prepared by the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, the Division of Research, School of Business, Indiana University, at Bloomington has prepared population estimates at the county level for the State Board of Health. These population forecasts are also presented in this report. Population Forecasts During the.period between the years 1970 and 2000, the population of northwestern Indiana is forecasted to grow by more than 198,000 per sons from 633,367 to 831,800. This represents an increase of over 30%. The new growth will involve considerable investment in new residential devel- opment and in the basic-urban services necessary to adequately support this development. The particular form this growth takes and the manner in which the services are provided will be of crucial importance for the quality of living environments, the protection of natural resources, and the cost, through taxes, of public services. Regional population forecast s .for 1980 through 20,00 are shown in Table 3a . Also included in Table ia are 1960 and 1970 figures for population and percent change. TABLE 3a POPULATION FORECASTS FOR NORTHWESTERN INDIANA Percentage Year Popul.ation Change: 1960 573,548 633,367 +10.4% 1980 697,700 +10.2% 1990 773,000 +10.8% 2000 831,800 + 7.6% Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (1960 and 1970, est imates) Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission (1980 through 2000 forecasts) -30- For the purposes of regional planning, population forecasts must be available for smaller areas within the region. The availability of forecasts by small 4rea enables plans to be developed which are sensitive to growth trends within the two counties. Sewer, highways, parks and other publi@c facilities should be planned to satisfy locational needs for these services. For this reason, the two-county population forecasts have been di.s-@ tributed to 43,sub-regional zones. A map of these zones is shown on page 32 . The delineation of the sub-regional zones involved the applica tion of criteria such as the location and concentrations of population and employment, the boundaries of cities, towns and townships, and the avail- ability of data. In the delineation of the sub-regional zones, an attempt was made to make forecasts available by city and town, where possible. Therefore, several municipalities are zones or aggregations of two or more zones., In addition, with a few minor deviations, every civil township is a zone,,or an aggregation of zones. Population forecasts were allocated to the 43 sub-regional zones through the use of a mathematical model. This model used growth trends and estimates of opportunities for new residential development or renewal to allocate. regional population forecasts to the. sub-regional zones. The sub-regional population forecasts for the year 1980, 1990 and 2000 for each of the zones, together with population countsfor 1960 and 1970, are shown in Table 3b ,.These forecasts are used by the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission in its "701" planning and transporation planning efforts. To date these projections have also been used in "208" WaterQuality planning for the region. Hence, many of the estimates or projections of need included -31- FORE A$ EA E ACRES BU 5 5 HA t GAR PORTAGE STIR 9 A I Wil ARY 11 TE C- + SANO GRIFFITt DIER SCH ER RVI L L VA 'ARASO MEF RILL.VILLE 7 T rC R PC NT@ 24 2$ ?-cp 27 4 CEDA L 46hON 4 J-s @43 @.X 30 ElqE /> REGIONAL PLANNIN-6. 32- COMMISSION TABLE 3b SUB-REGIONAL POPULATION FORECASTS 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Zone Population Ropulation Forecast Forecast Forecast Zone 01 29,480 26,109 23,950 23,300 236300 @01 02 8,137 7,247 6,600 6,200 6,000 02 03 16,752 15,105 14,850 14,050 12,850 03 04 10,091 13,982 17,250 20,160 21,900 04 .05 35,175 33,872 @33,450 33,450 33,450 05 06 15,951 19,882 23,800 28,100 31,500 06 07 57,787 52,127 51,050 51,050 51.050 07 24,431 29,554 32,950 32,950 32,950 08 09 21,398 25,721 25,650 25o650, 25,650 09 10 62,522 49,366 40,950 389250 10 it. 18,794 18,656 19,150 19,750 20,250 11 12 10,313 16,514 22,050 27,450 31,150 12 13 16,284 24,947 31,000 34,750 35,200 13 14 9,511 18,210 24,700 291,500 31,100 14 15 23,055 22,745 23,500 24,350 25,250. 15 16 33,209 32,592 32,700 32,950 33,600 16 17 20,429 21,781 25,500 26,900 30,050 17 18 4,973 6,393 8,900 17,2W @18 19 4,114 5,543 .7,600 10,650 13,750. 19 20 3,167 4,851 7,450 11,300 15,250 ..20 21 12,551 24,390 29,450 37,300 38,650 21 22 1,753 3,394 5,000 8,200 10,900. 22 23 550 1,061 11500 2,350 .3,0.50 23 24 5,513 6,515 6,650 8,000 8,550 24 25 4,028 5,285 5,450 6,400 6,400 25 26 13,156 @16,661 25,250. 27,750 28,800 26 27 10036 1,331 2,000 3,800 5,600 27 .28 2,411 3,391 4,200 6,200 79800 28 29 5,010 6,365 7,050 9,500 11,150 29 30 771 786 900 1,350 1,900 .30 .31 13,724 28,371 35,850 39,700 43,700 31 32 10,899 13,652 17,050 21,600 25,950 32 .3,450 .33 3,052 3,098 3,200 3,300 33 34 40,917 31,877 28,500 28,050 28,600 34 35 2,439 3,260 4,850 7,550 10,500 35 36 965 1,540 2,300 3,406 4,500 36 37 1,741 2,077 2,550 .3,250 3,900 37 38 19,422 25,191 30,850 36,950 41,!5o 38 39 1,066 1,226 11500 1,900 2,300 39 40 1,712 2,420 3,400 4,800 6,200 40 41 920 1.102 1,400 1,800 2 200 41 42 2,308 2,715 3,000 3,200 3:200 42 A3 -2xO31 2,462 LM 30000 39050 .43 TOTAL 573,548 6339367 697,700 773,000 8319800 TOTAL SOURCE: Nortftwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission later in this report are based on these forecasts, which also reflect the recommendations contained in the adopted regional goals, objectives and policies of the Commission. A detailed description of the methodologies utilized in formulating these population forecasts is provided in series of six Commission reports. Recently, the Indiana State Board of Health and the Indiana State Planni ng Services Agency adopted county level population projections prepared for the State Board of Health by the Division of Research, School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. These forecasts, as,well as forecasts for the CZM Townships are included in Appendix B. Employment Forecasts .During three decades following 1970, employment is forecasted to in6rease.from 234,700 to.344,400. This represents a gain of 110.000, or almost 50% above the 1970 total. Table 3c shows the forecasted increase by decade. The largest increase (40,000 or 17.0%) is forecasted to occ ur during the 1970-80 decade. TABLE 3c NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS FOR NORTHWESTERN INDIANA Non-Farm Percentage Year Employment Change 1960 206,500 1970 234,700 +13.7% 1980 274,500 +17.0% 1990 309,300 +12.3% 2000 344,400 +11.3% Sources: Indiana Employment Security Division (1960 and 1970 estimates) Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission (1980 through 2000 forecasts) -34- Employment forecasts were developed through th6 use of a "shift-sh@are," methodology, comparing national growth rates to those in northwestern Indiana. Tables. 3d and 3e provide employment forecasts for non-farm industry for northwestern Indiana and the entire state. TABLE .3d NON-FARM INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS FOR THE STATE OF INDIANA Year Manufac. Construc... T.C.U. Trade F.I.R.E. Serv. Gov. Other 1980 914,400 144,835 149,935 160,900 105,310 233,825 95,370 657,875 1990 1,013,620 160,550 166,205 178,360 116,740 259,200 105,715 729,265 2000 1,124,215 178,070 184,340 197,820 129,475 287,480 117,250 808,830 Source: U.S. Water Resources Council, OBERS Projections: Volume IV, 1972., TABLE 3e NON-FARM INDUSTRY.EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS FOR NORTHWESTERN INDIANA Year .Manufac. T. C@. U. Trade@ F. I. R_._E' -&Ser-v. @GoVvern... Other 1980 124,850 15,820 50,125 39,485 25,435 18,915 1990 141,965 57,735 46,485 26,605 19,0.80 2000 159,740 17,180 65,735 52,625 27,885 19,985 Source: Northwes,tern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Employment forecasts were allocated to sub-regi onal zones through the use of a methodology which involves the separation of ty0es of employment into two categories -_ those which are sensitive to patterns of population growth (regio nal market-oriented)and those which are not (export-based)., Forecasts for the former are dependent upon population forecasts, while those for.the latter are largely determined by existing employment patterns. The sub-regional employment forecasts and the 1970 employment total for each zone are.shown in Table 3f Appendix B includes employment forecastsfor non-farm industripi for the CZM townships. -35- TABLE if SUB-REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS' 1970 1980 1990 2000 Zone Employment Forecast Forecast Forecast zone 01 91810 10,000 10,250 10,500 01 02 5,605 5,300 5,150 5,000 02 .03 21,609 22,200 22,500 22,700 03 04 4,835 5,900 6,500 7,100 04 05 54,746 56,000 57,500 58,900 05 06 3,629 4,500 5,500 .6,400 06 07 22,406 23,000 23,500 24,000 07 08 7,069 9,500 11,000 13,000 08 09 1,580 1,600 1,600 1,600 09 10 7,009 7,000 7,000 7,000 10 11 1,381 1,600 1,800 2,000 11 12 4,787 6,300 8,600 10,200 12 13 4%442 5,900 7,400 8,400 13 14 2,157 3,900 5,200 6,400 14 15 3,836 4,200 4,600 5,000 15 1-6 4,259 4,500 4,800 5,100 16 17 2,468 3,600 4,200 4,800 17 18 1,416 2,200 3,000 3,800 18 19 1,754 2,500 3,800 5,200 19 @O 380 700 1,500 2,750 20 21 3,792 7,500 9,200 10,800 21 22 170 5,500 8,400 11,000 22 23 43 50 50 75 23 24 508 850 1,100 1,400 24 .25 364 500 650 800 .25 26 3,030 4,000 5,500 7,000 26 27 148 175 200 225 @27 28 455 750 1,250 1,750 28 29 1,121 1,500 2,400 3,700 29 30 0 0 25 25@ 30 31 4,532 8,000 12,200 16 500 31 32 9,456 14,900 17,700 23:200 32 33 127 125 125 125 33 34 33,033 34,200 .34,750 35,000 34 35 142 200 275 400 35 36 55 100 150 200 36 37 73 100 125 150 37 38 10,581 14,000 16,500 19,000 38 39 287 850 1,300 2,100 39 40 55 75 100 125 40 41 27 25 25 25 41 42 249 375 450 WO 42 43 211 325 425 450 43 TOTAL 233,637 274,500 308,300 TOTAL iNon-farm employment SOURCE: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission -36- These forecasts show some decentralization of employment. In.1970, over 80 percent of the region's jobs were located in North and Calumet. Townships. During the 1970 to 2000 period, five zones outside these two townships -- zones 21 and 22 in Ross Township in Lake County, as well as zone 31 (Portage Township), zone 32 (Westchester Township) and zone 38 (Center Township) in Porter County -- are forecasted to receive almost 47 percent of the new employment in the SMSA. -37- LAND USE AND OWNERSHIP SURVEY LAND USE INVENTORY In 1971 the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission undertook a comprehensive, parcel-level inventory of the land use in.Lake and Porter, Counties. This inventory was updated in 1975. The same procedures were used for both the original inventory and the update. Ih-most cases, a windshield survey was employed; in a few municipalities which had ongoing land use stir- veys at that time, data from those surveys was utilized. Once the land use data was collected, it was processed and translated into a numerical code.. In the interest of standardization, the Commission utilized the three-digit- level land use code published in the Standard Land Use Coding Manual., Housing and Home Finance Agency and the Bureau of Public Roads, First Edition, 1965. Certain modifications were made to the residential codes to allow for an im- proved definition of land use. The three-dig,it-level land use data was coded and compiled on maps at the scale of one'inch equals four hundred feet. Land use data at.the three- digit-level is separated into approximately three-hundred.separate categories. For purposes of measuring and quantifying the land use data, it was aggrega- ted into twenty-four categories and also compiled on maps at the scale of one inch equals four hundred feet. To measure and quantify the coded data from the inventory, as aggregated, a dot sampling technique was utilized. The dot sampling method extracted a "stratified systematic unaligned sample" from the mapped land use data. Land use inventory data, in twenty-four aggregated categories, was,pro- duced for each quarter-square mile area in the two-county region. These twenty-four categories are itemized in Table 4a, -38- The data has been computerized and is capable of being machine aggregated to produce land use data by category, for a variety of geographic areas. TABLE 4a: TWENTY-FOUR LAND USE CATEGORIES Category Category Number Land Use Number Land Use 1. Residential (single family), 13. Cemeteries 2. Residential (multiple family) 14. Entertainment Assembly 3. Residential (mobile home park) 15. Public Buildings 4. Manufacturing & Processing 16. Public & Quasi-Public Open Space 5. Transportation, Communication & 17. Mining & Quarries Utilities 18. Vacant, Agriculture & Forest 6. Rail Rights-of-way 19. Vacant (under development) 7. Airports 20. Water (excluding public open space). .8. Streets 21. Warehousing & Storage Structures 9. Trade 22. Shopping Centers (including parking). 10. Services (private) 23. Hotels, Motels & Transient Lodging 11. Services (institutional) 24. Parking (independent) 12. Military The quarter section file was used to genera-te the preliminary township data for the CZM study area presented in TABLE 4b. The tabulations are accurate to within .0143%, as some modifications are still required in the quarter section file. A complete account of the procedures followed in conducting the land use inventory (data coding, mapping, compiling and tabulating) has been. published by the Commission in a 1975 report entitled Methods and Procedures for the 1975 Land Use Inventory Update. Land `U�b Cat60&jes The twenty-four land use categories, as aggregated, provide a readily discernible and easily utilized summary of the literally thousands of actual uses of land. As mentioned previously, a list of these twenty-four land usb categories is provid ed in TABLE 4a. It is often desirable to obtain an even -39- mom TABLE 4b TOWNSHIP SUMMARY LAND USE DATA Residential Commercial Industrial Institutional Recreational/ Vacant/Ag TCU Total Land Use Land Use Land Use Land Use Open Space Land Use Land Use Acres Percent Acres Percent Acres . Percent Acres Percent Acres -Percent Acres Percent Acres Percent Acres Percent FAKE-COUNTY Calumet 8,941.20 (22.71) 1,235.85 (3.14) 4,218.54 (10.71) 1,113.92 (2.80) 911.49 2.31) i4,357M (36.50) 8,596.77 (21.83) 39.375.65 100 Center 2,823.34 (11.08) 163.28 .64) 29.58 ( .12) 198.76 ( .78) 1,604.87 6.30) 19.391.09 (76.13) 1,261.91 ( 4.95) 25,472.83 100 Hobart 3,491.21 (21.06) 306.92 (1.85) 45.21 ( .27) 400.24 (2.44) 153.97 .93) 9,920.53 (59.83) 2,258.26 (13.'62) 16,576.34 100 North 8,299.06 (24.04) 1,402.24 (4.06) 6,166.11 (17.86), 1,122.48 (3.25) 1,149.13 3.33) 8,512.74 (24.65) 7,877.58 (22.81) 34,529.34 100 Ross 3,447.60 (11.15) 579.28 (1.87) 65.07 ( .21) 610.04 (1.97) 1,006.35 3.25) 23,089.53 (74.64) 2,135.11 ( 6.91) 30,932.98 100 -St. John. 2,932.85 (11.65) 279.73 (1.11) 146.16 ( .58) 361.17 (1.44) 358.56 1.43) 19,312.13 (76.75) 1,770.78 ( 7.04) 25,161.38 10o TOTAL 35,215.95 (11.03) 4,190.25 (1.32) 10,969.89 ( 3.44) 4,099.40 (1.28) 6,098.51 1.91)230,428.67 (72.16)28,329.27 ( 8.87)319.331.94 100 PORTER COUNTY C). Center 2,660.78 (14.74) 267.57 (1.48) 79.02 ( .44) 316.04 (1.75) 504.63 ( 2.80) 12,692.51 (70.31) 1,531.34 ( 8.48) 18,051.89 100 Jackson 827.99 ( 5.14) 21.08 ( .13) 34.16 ( .21) 5.86 ( .04) 43.82 ( .27) 13,855.25 (86.02) 1,319.68 ( 8.19) 16,107.84 100 Liberty 1,001.33 ( 6.27) 33.55 ( .21) 43.07 ( .27) 54.02 ( .34) 64.64 ( .40) 13,680.52 (85.60) 1,105.57 ( 6.91) 15,982.70 100 Pine 599.52 ( 3.49) 67.80 ( .39) 37.13 ( .22) 30.86 ( .18) 2,664.19 (15.51) 12,673.60 (73.77) 1,105.83 ( 6.44) 17,178.93 100 Portage 3,588.24 (16.78) 211.75 ( .99) 780.34 ( 3.64) 339.05 (1.58) 815.41 ( 3.84) 13,164.94 (6136) 2,484.03 (11.61) 21,383.76 100 Union 883.81 ( 4.67) 21.08 ( .11) 23.29 ( .12) 10.55 ( .06) 64.95 ( .34) 16,784.99 (88.60) 1,155.23 ( 6.10) 18,943.90 100 Westchester 2,091-27 (10.38) 180.84 ( .90) 1,846.36 ( 9.17) 167.08 ( .83) 5,447.86 (27.05) 8,624.62 (42.83) 1,779.32 ( 8.84) 20,137.35 100 TOTAL 15,475.48 ( 5.93) 947.48 ( .16) 3,075.31 ( 1.18) 1,003.64 ( .39) 9,770.50 3.75)215,423.81 (82.59)15,136.56 5.80)260,832.78 100 SOURCE: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 1975 Land Use Inventory mo re general descriptio n of land use. For these purposes, the twenty-four land use categories have been aggregated into eight highly generalized land. use categories: residential; commercial. and services; industrial; institu- tional; recreation/open space; vacant/agricultural; transportation, communi- ,cation and utilities; and streets/parking. The remaining sections of this chapter provide a brief description of each of the eight aggregated land use categories. The map on page 42 shows land use in the CZM study area by the eight land use categories. Residential Land Use Residential areas are generally thought of as the hub or core of acti- vities within and around a community. As such, they are the nucleus of a community. Therefore, it is desireable to plan for residential areas within easy@access of necessary services and facilities such as schools, churches, employment centers, recreation areas, and retail shoppingareas. Residential lan d use refers to those areas which are primarily util ized and/or restricted to the use of occupied living accomodations. It includes such uses of land as detached single family dwellings, apartments, townhoutes, duplexes, condominiums and mobilehomes. Commercial Land Use 'There is a wide diversity in the types of commercial land use in north- western Indiana. These uses range from sm all neighborhood grocery stores to multi-million dollar retail complexes. Commercial land use refers to the aggregate of a number of specific land use types including: 1) all wholesale and retail trade facilities; 2) finance, insurance and real estate services; 3).personal services such as beauty and barber services; 4)-al.1 business services excluding warehousing and storage services; 5) all repair, govern- ment, professional and contract construction services excluding religious -41- < C: 3:.- --, r . . 0 0 F " , --, c:.K zqz :q w K 00 U) 3. C: -i m M m in o QD :j X ;o Z Z 0 -< 0- (n cn > 7q j C: > r- -< -< Z QD --j M OM z x M M z _0 q (.n 0 (j) omo c m m C7 0 K G) Eq 0 CD ;u m rT, mom C: 0 z z nz* i K 0, o > > 5r-M K rn > 0 m in z M r- M z z > z LO z -0 - - cz z 0 m > z m cn om 0 0 rm I z 1 Z m I rn fo: 104 V 10 z -MM F' !2 z ; M, rn 0 --D 0 :3 =r 'D 'o lw PP7 D m - K -S -5 v - m Pn -8, mo On Ig .-, .1 , : . " -, X m to 1+ rD -0 4 > r rD 0 1+ CL 0 c - r- - - - - - Lo 0 r-I M V, CL 1w0 rn r- ED I xm ch > rD m (n C+ -1 1+ m m (D W 1+ -5 (D I T cr Z :0 m a -4 (D CD > Oz = --I CD M z 1+ > =r -1 m z M rD -- x z3i@@ \ -0 rD z 0 L, 0 m C C+ H ca rn z rn rD 0 > z z > U) c, r@n 0 Ln 0 0 z EXISTING LAND USE MAP SERIES TO BE INSERTED HERE services; 6) animal husbandry, horticulture, forestry and fishing activity services; 7) all public assemblies (sports and entertainment) excluding auditoriums and exhibition halls; 8) all shopping centers (including park- ing); and, 10) hotels, motels, and transient lodging. Industrial Land Use Industrial areas provide the backbone of a region's economy. Northwest- ern.Indiana's economy is primarily based on manufacturing and processing industries. While there is some degree of industrial diversity, the region's economy is largely oriented to the manufacturing and processing of primary. metals and, to a lesser extent, oil refining. Industrial land use is defined to include: 1) manufacturing.and process- ing facilities; 2) warehousing and storage facilities; 3) agricultural, pro-, cessing; and, 4) the means of resource extraction (mining). Institutional Land Use This category of land use includes: public buildings, governmental offices, educational facilities, military installations, and cemetaries. This category represents public and quasi-public uses of land for other than recreation/open space purposes. Recreation/Open Space Land Use The preservation and management of sufficient open space within an urban environment is an important element in the provision of adequate recreational opportunities, in the preservation of natural resources, and in planning for and guiding future urban growth. Preserving and managing sufficient public open space areas is an imp.ortant component in the relationship between man and his environment. Recreational/open space land uses refers to a diverse list of specific land uses including: botanical gardens, arboretums, zoos, amusement areas, -43- golf courses, all outdoor recreational facilities, resorts and group camps, park areas, and cultural and nature exhibits. Vacant and Agricultural Land Use Nearly eighty percent of the region's area has been.identified as vacant or agricultural land. By definition, vacant andagricultural. land includes: croplands, farms and ranches, non- commercial forested areas, un- developed or unused land in urban areas, vacant land under development and: water areas. This category of land use provides the stock of land from which most.future developments will draw. Transportation, Communication and Utilities Use This land use category, which will be abbreviated as TCU, is composed of a number of more specific land use classifications, which relate to pro- viding: (1) the means for the movement of people and goods (transportation); (2) the facilities for the productive interaction among people (communication); and, (3) the services necessary to sustain life in an essentially urban envir- onment (utilities). Streets and Parking Land Use Expressways, arterial highways, collector/distribution streets, local access streets, alleys and automobile parking areas which are not directly associated with another land use,are the uses of land which comprise this category. Streets and highways provide the basic mode of connection between other land uses within the urban landscape. For mapping purposes, streets and parking land use have been included in the TCU category. -44- SUMMARY OF OWNERSHIP SURVEY The major private industrial owners of land in the CZM study area are identified on Table 4c - United States Steel, with almost'@, 7-00 acres, is the largest owner, followed by Inland Steel, American Oil, Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company and Bethlehem Steel. Other major industrial owners include the E.I. DuPont Deflemours Company, Standard Oil, Cities Service Oil, Sincla ir Refinery, Midwest Steel, and NIPSCO. The federal government is the major public land owner. Most of the 3,533.6 acres it owns a -re contained-i-n the Indian-aDun.-es--Na-tional Lake@- shore. The majority of State owned property is in the Indiana Dunes State Park and the Port of Indiana - Burns Harbor. Most of this govern- ment.-owned Tand is in Porter County. The 1,211.6 acres identified as county-owned land arelocated in the southern portion of the CZM study area. Most of the land owned by Lake County is in Center Township. Porter County-owned land is mostly in their Center Township. Neither county owns property on the lakeshore. Individual municipalities owning land in the immediate lakeshore area include Whiting, East Chicago, Hammond and Gary. Their combined acreage totals 1,751.2 acres. The towns of Ogden Dunes, Beverly Shores and Pines, Dune Acres, and the Miller area of Gary, are all located on the sho res of Lake Michigan. However, all of this land is privately owned, the only large tracts within the study area that are. Table 4d provides a summary of publicly owned land. The map on Page .47 shows ownership for the immediate coastal area. -45- TABLE-4c INVENTORY OF MAJOR PRIVATE INDUSTRIAL OWNERS CZM STUDY AREA OWNER ACRES (appr.) United States Steel 3 700 Bethlehem Steel 2:670 Inland Steel 2,800 National Steel (Midwest) 800 Youngstown Sheet & Tube 740 American Oil 985 Standard Oil 607 E. I. DuPont DeNemours 440 NIPSCO 650 Cities Service Co. 345 Sinclair Refining 201 Source: Lake and Porter County Plat Books TABLE 4d INVENTORY OF PUBLICLY OWNED LAND CZM STUDY AREA OWNER ACRES (appr.) Federal Government 3,533.6 State Government 3,500 Municipal Government 1,751.2 County 1,211.6 Source: Lake, Porter County Plat Books; I ndiana Dunes National Lake hore OMCL'. -46- Zi7 u) -n -o -D C: 0 --4 m X Z C: > 0 :;z t7)7Z im>> o,;Dz - --i M X --1 --4 OMO -V > m M > O:z z Z 00 -4 C U) (n>m =: U) ..5r-, M 7r z @p --q., M rn m z ..Zz G) < M, V),L M X-T--j . 0 Om m z m 0', 0-4 x I x r r 9 a? rl n =r m rD M ml m m 0 Ln c+ rD rn m --% m 2! m r C', :3 =3 M> r7 0, 0 'no 0 mr- Ln cD I ;K rn (D z Ln c+ -1 1+ m 'n a pj r C@O = . 0 L (D 0 r+ (n -4 c cz 0 -0 a 0 --4 CD > EnZ z c) m a) 'o (D w ml, 0 ;() CD z c+ 3@ 5i f M 0 m m x z 0 m rri c-, :E: o 0 (A 1w z o rv a, ca m ,r 0 (D r 0 z 4 > Ln z o z z OWNERSHIP MAP SERIES TO'BE INSERTED HERE HOUSING current Housin2_Stock The availability of sound, sanitary, decent and affordable shelter for every citizen is a crucial social and economic need. For a healthy quality of life and to ensure a growing region., every household and poten- tial household in northwestern Indiana must be able to secure adequate housing. Satisfying this need requires a supply of housing sufficient to meet the needs of each household according to its income and size and its lo- cational requirements. It means an adequate housing stock and a healthy housing market to enable a single household to find suitable shelter as it passes through its entire life cycle--as its needs change due to changes'in income, age and membersh ip. It also means sufficient opportunities.for those who wish to'be homeowners. Finally, it involves the availability of sh0ter which is not deteriorated, has a decent environment, and which is provided adequately with basic urban services. A description of the region's housing stock by structural type is shown in Table This table includes U. S..Census Statistics for 1960 and 1970, as well as 1975 estimates developed through the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission's housing monitoring program. The major trend evident from Table 5a is the increase in the share of the housing stock represented by multi-family units with five or more units per building (from 9.1 percent in 1960 to 13.9 percent in 1975). Table 5b contains a description of the 1970 housing stock by tenure, as well as homeowner and rented vacancy rates. -48- TABLE ALL YEAR-ROUND HOUSING UNITS, 1960-1975 Units per 1960 1970 1975 Structure -Number (Percent) Number (Percent) Number (Percent) Onel 121,964 (72.1%) 138,381 (71.8%) 149,418 (70.1%) Two 16,820 ( 9.9%) 17,981 ( 9.3%) 18,803 ( 8.8%) Three or Four 14,932 ( 8.8%) 14,884 ( 7.7%) 15,305 ( 7-.2%) Five or More 15,323 9.1%) 21,444 (11.1%) 29,734 (13.9%) Total 169,049 192,690 213,260 Includes mobile,homes. Sources: U.S. Census of Population and Housing (1960 and 1970 counts). Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commiss .ion (1975 estimates). TABLE 5b : TENURE AND VACANCY STATUS OF HOUSING UNITS, 1970 Owner Homeowner Renter Rental Occupied Vacancy Occupied Vacancy Units Units Units Units Lake County 106,760, .0.8% 53,264 6.4% Porter County 19,094 1.1% 5,531 4.4% Total 125,854 0.8% 58,795 6.2% Source: U.S. Census, General Housing Characteristics: Indiana, HC(l)-Al6 Ind., 1970, Table 13. Housing units by townships for the CZM study area from the 1970 Census and the estimates of current units (1975) are presented on Table 5c The highest rates of increase in the number of housing units for the 1970-1975 period were 53.0 percent in St. John Township and 38.7 percent in Union Township. The most developed areas of Lake .County, Calumet and North Townships, show increases of 6 percent and 4 percent respective-ly. Porter County townships show generally higher. rates of increase. The most developed areas of Center and Westchester Townships added 13.7 percent and 11.8 percent more units, a.nd Portage Township increased its housing by 2,316 units, or 30 percent. -49- TABLE HOUSING UNITS BY TOWNSHIPS., 1970-1975 Percent Change 1970 1975 1970-1975 LAKE COUNTY Calumet 65,491 68,989 5.3%. Center 6,567 7,616 15.9% Hobart 11,589 13,075 12.8% North 65,241 68,114 -4-.3% - ------ Ross 711 668 9,779 27.6% St. John 4,416 6,776 PORTER COUNTY Center 7,762 8,831 13.7% Jackson 539. 687 27.4% Liberty 1,143 1,276 11.6% Pine 1,085 1,148 5.8% Portage 7,667 9,983 30.2% Union 609 845 38.7% Westchester 4,438 11.8% Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1970 Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, Growth Monitoring -_Population and Housing Monitoring, FY 197 6. Housing Needs The housing needs described below result from two factors: (1) de- ficiencies in the region's housing stock, and (2),future growth in the region's pop ulation. Obviously, population forecasts directly determine the magni- tude of the housing needs resulting from the second of these two factors. Needs due to the first factor result from current substandard housing units, as well as from units which will become substandard and units which will be 1-ost to the housing stock in the future. The base year is 1970, and the three decades, 1980 through year 2000, represent the forecast period. -50- In addition to the total housing need, a need has been identified for housing units which are affordable by low and moderate income house- holds. These are households whose incomes are 80 percent or less than. the median income of the two-county area. This amounts to approximately one-third of the region's households. Table _qd__ below shows the percentage of the families in the CZM study area's sixteen cities and towns with a population-over 2,500 in 1970 which are of low and moderate income accord- ing to this definition. TABLE 5d PERCENTAGE OF ALL FAMILIES THAT ARE OF LOW OR MODERATE INCOME Municipality Percentage Chesterton 28.2 Crown Point 24.8 Dyer 19.7 East Chicago 47.1 East Gary 36.8 Gary 42.19 Griffith 19.1 Hammond 32.9 Highland 17.4 Hobart 23.9 Munster 13.0 Portage 23.0 Porter 29.7 23.4 Valparaiso 29.3 Whiting 34.4 Source: U.S. Census of Population and Housing (1970) Regjonal:H0U5inq:N0eds During the 1970 to 2000 period, there will be a need for the construction or rehabilitation of 144,182 housing units. Of these, 71,784 should be units affordable by low and moderate income households. Table 5e shows these needs by decade. The 144,182 units represent a total equal to almost three-fourths the region's 1970 housing stock. (In 1970, there were 192,699 year-round housing units in northwestern Indiana.) If this seems high, it is, because those units which will become substandard or will be lost to the housing stock through fire, demolition and other causes during 1970 to 2000 must be replaced. TABLE 5e HOUSING NEEDS IN NORTHWESTERN INDIANA, 1970 TO 2000 Total Housing Low and Moderate Decade Need Income Housing Need 1970-1980 45,382 23,017 1980-1990 50,814 24,864 1990-2000 47,986 23,903 TOTAL 144,182 71,784 The estimates of total housing needs result from the following factors: (1) deficiencies in the 197 0 housing stock due to substandard conditions, over- crowding and additional needed vacancies; (2) units which will be needed to house the f uture population growth; and (3) current, standard units which will become substandard or will be lost to the housing stock during the forecast period. U.S. Census Statistics were used to calculate the 1970 deficiencies. Population forecasts were used to develop estimates for nits needed to house the additional future populatl'o --- n-'-,- given @Op@opriiate aUssumptions'for average household size. Past trends were analyzed to Idevelop an estimate of the percentage of the 1970 housing stock which will have to be replaced in the future. The complete methodology for the calculation of all the housing needs estimates contained in this chapter is described in the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission report, A Summary of the Housing Component fo the Comprehensive Regional Plan. (Northwestern Indiana RPC, 1975) .Low and moderate income housing needs were formulated using a method similar to the one described above. However, one additional factor was used in the calculation of 1970 deficiencies--the cost of housing. The number of. -52- low and moderate income households living in adequate housing-but paying more than 25 percent of their incomes in rent was included in the estimates of need. Low and moderate.income!housing needs can be met through the as- sistahce given to low and moderate income residents of current standard units priced above the low and moderate income range, as well as through new construction or rehabilitation. They can also be met through the fil- tering process, in which the movement of a middle income household from a housing unit priced within the low and moderate income range can make that available to a low and moderate income family. This is especially important in northwestern Indiana, where middle income households live in a large portion of the housing stock which is priced within the low and moderate income range, according to 1970 census data. Sub-regional.Housing Needs In.order to provide sub-regional estimates of housing needs, 22 sub- market areas were delineated. In delineating these sub-markets, an attempt was made to allow for the development of estimates by municipality, where possible, In several cases, the availability of forecasts and/or base data prevented this. A map of the 22 sub-market areas is on page 5-4 Estimates of housing needs for the 22 sub-market areas were generated in a manner similar to that used to develop regional housing needs., The same two types of needs were generated: (1) total need for the construction or rehabilitation of housing; and (2) the need for additional standard housing affordable by low and moderate income households. Tables 5f and 5q sftow the needs,@by deccide, for Viesetwo types of needs, i-or all of northwestern Indiana. Table 5h shows the total housing need by decade, in the Coastal Zone townships. In some cases, the low and moderate income need may exceed the need for new construction or rehabilitation for specific sub-market areas in specific decades. This can occur when the needs due to low and moderate income households paying more than 25 percent of their incomes for housing overshadows -53- HOUSING SUB-MARKET AREAS HIT EAST PINE CHICAGO TWP WESTCHESTER TWR HAMMOND L_ EAST GARY GARY PORTAGE NEW TWR LIBERTY JACKSON CALUMET CHICAGO TWP TWP. MUNSTER HIGHLAND TWR HOBART CGRI -FIT'@'__' ST. JOHN ROSS UNION CENTER WASHiNGTON TWIP TWP TWR TWP TWP HANOVER CENTER I WINFIELD PORTER MORGAN TWR TWP TWP TWP TWR BOONE PLEASANT.. EAGLE TWP TWR @E JtRK CREEK WEST R TWF? CREEK TWR TWP SEE. nl*m.s NQW14%ESIERN. INDIANA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION -54- Th is map will depict the 22 sub- market areas discussed in the narrativ NORTHWESTERN INDIANA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION of estimates by municipality, where possible. In several cases, the availability of forecasts and/or base data prevented this. Estimates of housing needs for the 22 sub-market areas were generated in a manner similar to that used to develop regional housing needs. The same two types of needs were generated: (1) total need for the construction or rehabilitation of housing; and (2) the need for additional standard housing affordable by low and moderate income households. Tables III-D and III-E show the needs, by decade,.for the se two types of needs, respectively In some cases, the low and moderate income need may exceed the need for new construction or rehabilitation for specific sub- market areas in specific decades. This can occur when the needs due to low and moderate income households paying more than 25 percent of their incomes for housing overshadows the needs due to current deficiencies, new growth and replacement. 111-15 7 M W so wim TABLE 5q SUB-REGIONAL LOW & MODERATE INCOME HOUSING NEEDS: 1970-2000 1970 L/M 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 UNITS L/M NEED L/M NEED L/M NEED Gary 37,027 7,656 7,906 .71,528 Hammond 21,835 3,269 3,392 3,186 East Chicago 10,348 2,994 3,081 2,868 Griffith 1,862 428 512 508 Highland 1,950 506 583 569 Hobart 3,628 497 559 530 Munster 1740 386 461 467 Whiting 1,651 425 441 407 Center TwpLnty) (Lake C 3,121 728 832 813 Hanover Twp. 937 338 375 360 Ross Twp. 1,828 514 706 741 St. John Twp. 1,619 426 520 556 Winfield Twp. 115 189 216 210 Northern Hobart Twp. 3,920 489 522 495 Calumet Twp. (unincorporated) 2,890 811 868 823 Tri-Creek Area 1,281 433 486 492 Portage Twp.. 3,452 548 663 670 Westchester Twp. 1,892 527 647 636 Center Twp. 951 1,066 1,045 (Porter County) 3 583 Jackson, Liberty an.d Pine Twps. 894 347 391 384 Morgan, Porter, Union and Washington Twps. 623 291 339 333 Boone and Pleasant Twps. 714 264 298 282 TOTAL 105,910 23,017 24,'864 23,903 Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission the needs due to current deficiencies, new growth and replacement.. TABLE 5h HOUSING NEEDS FORECASTS FOR CZM TOWNSHIPS AREA 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000- LAE COUNTY Calumet 6,590 8,561 8,364 Center 5,046 2,134 885 Hobart 2,545 1,336 2,752, North 8,499 6,395 4,840 Ross 4,190 7,075 3,553 St. John 4,090 6,364 8,052 PORTER COUNTY Center 3 313 3,661 3,519 Jackson 324 558 740 Liberty 682 1,237 1,727 Pine 450 540 568 Portage 4,307 2,341 2,934 Union 341 476 548 Westchester 1,982 2,700 3,138 Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Assistance to low and moderate income households paying more than 25 percent of their incomes in rent can increase the supply of housing available to low and moderate income households without adding to the total housing stock@ -57- CULTURAL, HISTORICAL, AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES AND FACILITIES The resources of northwestern Indiana include..a broad range of activities, facilities and services. Within this discussion, cultural resources are grouped into historical and archi tectural and cultural facilities.. In addition to the resources described here, northwestern Indiana has cultural resources which are less capable of being qualified or illustrated in the form of a list. Many of these resources are cultural activities organized around'the region's numerous ethnic groups. These ethnic activities are of a wide variety, reflecting the diversity of the region's population. Historical and Architectural Landmarks Hi. storically, northwest Indiana is relatively young. Baillytown, in northern Porter County on the Little Calumet River, the first settlement in the region, was established in 1822, six years after Indiana becamet he nation's nineteenth state. The transformation of the region from a terrain of marsh, prarie, dunes, and dense forest into the great industrial center of today is reflected in its historical and architectural landmarks. Early buildings like the Bailly (1822) and Wolf (1880) Komesteads in Porter County and the Woods grist Mill and Ye Old Romestead in Lake County are landmarks of particular building styles. The region's historic structures range in type, from log,cabin construction, as in Lake County's fi rst church .building in St. John, to structures built from clapboard,brick and stone. Many landmarks are tied to the early industrial development of the region. Several grist mills mark the beginnings of local industry. The older lakeshore steel mills are particularly dramatic when viewed at night. and have come to symbolize the entire region. In East Chicago there is Marktdwn, a planned community built in 1917 to house industr ial workers. -58- This development, a registered national landmark, is interesting not only for its high quality urban design but also for the insight it gives into the social values of the turn-of-the-century industrialists. The early, rural centers of the region, particularly Crown Point and Valparaiso, present a different architectural heritage. Early landmark buildings are clapboard and generally reflect a rural character. The Old, Lake County Courthouse, located in central Crown Point, is a classic revival building considered to be one of Indiana's finest courthouses of the Victorian period. The building is a registered national landmark. Other buildings facing the square surrounding the courthouse reflect the character of a small midwestern county seat. In Valparaiso, the Porter County Courthouse, Memorial Opera House, and Old Porter County Jail are architectural and historical landmarks that give identity and character to the city's central area. The old Valparaiso University campus features a scenic pedestrian mall lined with turn-of-the-century buildings. As the region grows and develops, new edifices--the landmarks of .tomorrow--rise from the landscape.. The Valparaiso University Chapel is an example of dramatic and inspirational Church architecture. The Lake County Library in Hobart is a striking architectural accent overlooking Lake George The Twin Towers Complex in Merrillville provides a vertical focal point in an area of rapid low-rise development. These landmarks, both the old and the new, physically reflect the character of northwest Indiana. CAiltural Facilitips The cultural resources of the region include several permanent art galleries in Hammond, Gary, Chesterton, Valparaiso, and Crown Point, as well as several annual art fairs sponsored by local art associations and individuals. -59- ,Several amateur theatrical groups present a variety of drama, comedy, and musical productions. Some groups are associated with colleges or universities, while others are independent community groups. A major cultural resource is the Northwest Indiana Symphony Orchestra, which offers a full: season schedule of classical music and hosts internati onally renowned guest artists. Four permanent museums are locat ed in the region, and exhibits of art and educational interest are displayed periodically at the colleges and. universities. Several of the permanent museums are housed in landmark buildings. The Hobart Historical Society museum is in a Tudor revival style building that is one of the last Carnegie Libraries to be constructed in the country. A public museum is featured in Crown Point's first clapboard building, which was built in 1843. The Porter County Historical Museum is housed in former Porter County Jail, built in 1871 in two parts. The rear portion of this building was constructed of now rare Joliet stone. Educational Resources The two-county region is served by twenty-five public school systems wh ich support 217 separate school facilities. Thirty-four of these are high schools, including two vocational-technical high schools. In addition, there are thirty-nine private schools in the area. Three of these are high schools. Northwestern Indiana also offers opportunities for higher education. Seven universities and colleges -- Indiana University Northwest, Purdue University Calumet, Valparaiso University, Hyles Anderson College, Calumet College, Indiana Vocational Technical College and Valparaiso Tech provide certificate, Associate, baccalaurate, and graduate curriculums in a broad range of disciplines, including education, engineering, law, business, and many others. -60- Both Lake and Porter Counties maintain public library systems. The Lake County system has fourteen locations, while the Porter Couhty.system has three. Additionally, nine communities have their own library systems.. in all, there are forty-nine individual library facilities, as well as mobile units, serving the two-county area. Appendix C lists the cultural, historicaland educational resources and facilities and their locations. The exact location of each fa cility is shown on the map on page 62 QD .0 0 c c r- ED CD 0 r- r- r a F m rn r- OX z Z 0 m > m om@ .--4 (J) rrl C/) - r- - K G) M (J) . 0 r G) M03: X c 0 m Fn Z U) 0 ;u 8 c :E cn>* m > i r7 M QD U) -4 c =0 MZ Coj) < (n z C) --i @p q rri m Do 0 M M C: U) m 0 G) z U) m -< m M 2z c m U) *> < z m cn -4 Z mr m 0 0 01 M L-,- m CA z ;u Z f1lo W m 0 rD M a, 0 -1-0 m m M= 0' 1 @@nl- M It m ,Is :0 M rno A- i m > @w ct ol ;a @-4 c.t.,o r (D 0 4F Q. c I r-I 0 rn m m > ; pj Q. aj 0 mc, 0 .01 m r- Ln ED I c+ 7, M > rD :I. U:l ZI E9 Wc+ -5 1+ m > C) 0 =3 (D El? 1+ IC-11 a, =r --h ------- I co -1 l+_5 010 0 F3 F@- a m 'D m (D 0 --4 rD :u 0 z > z w C) r+ > m 10, 1 m 0. M @. z 0 m 0 -3 X 0 z -.Qj m 0 Ln @: @@ E3 + o E3 -1 oc z m 0 Q, L"M r) rD (n ;L 0 z 0 m 0 c". z "IIE 0, z z z 0 z r > EDUCATIONAL, CULTURAL, AND HISTORICAL FACILITIES INVENTORY MAPS TO BE INSERTED HERE RECREATIONAL RESOURCES AND FAULITIES There are over 200 public parks and outdoor recreation facilities in Lake and Porter Counties. Most of these are provided by munici palities., Of particular note among municipal parks is Marquette Park in Gary, which features a lakeshore beach and scenic fishing lagoon with a picturesque Japanese-style bridge and 11talianate pavilion. Other notable local parks include: Woodland Park in Portage, which includes a uniquely designed pavilion; Rogers Lakewood Park in Valparaiso, which offers a variety of water related activities, picnic facilities,. and camping opportunities, and Wicker Park and Golf Course in Highland, which includes numerous recreation facilities in a wooded setting and is the only townshi.p-maintained park in the region. The Lake County Parks and Recreation Department currently mai ntains three county parks and runs an ambitious county-wide recreation program. The region additionally contains the state-maintained Indiana Dunes State Park in Porter County. The Dunes State Park is estimated to be the most heavily used park facility i,n all of Indiana. Also along the Lake Michigan shoreline is located the Indiana Dunes. *National Lakeshore, currently containing some 4000 acres of unique dunes land. This pioneer urban national park will offer facilities for both active and passive recreational activities. Congress recently authorized the addition of 3,660 acres into the National Lakeshore. However, as this prope rty has not yet been acquired, it will not be considered as existing park land. In all, there are over 13,400 acres of park acres currently provi.ded to serve the recreat ional needs of the area's population. Appendix D lists the parks by municipality. The map on page 64 shows their exact location. _63- rri m o;o z z 0 m 0 C);u > Z:E 0 r > m -0 m r- m C) Z -0 z M M z M z z 0 < m V9, rn 1 4 Z K r Om Pt m M-M o 0, 0 --- rn :0 :1) z 6 -4 0', Z I *< rn (D CD 27 rn m a , j@ _7 CD m m rn aj m CL n a ,+ m C', cu 0 m (+ a, 0, 0 M mc) 0 co I M > (D -3:.. m on (n C-@ -1 1+ m a a) =r rn CIO = - L (D 0 rt. -013 ko w = -1 ;;x I (D _0 ar C+ 0 z E3 E3 rn@, '0 0 (D C) 0 Z, 3@ rn 0- (D g- 0 1 -1 -V X Z)iow z o m m -h Ln 2 @o C) m 0CA B1+0 go z M pb m rIz, 02 CL ,"1 0 C') x - _0 Lfl U) n PARKS INVENTORY MAPS TO BE INSERTED HERE Parks and Recreation Needs The provision of sufficient open space and recreational opportunites for today's urbanizing environment is becoming more crucial as the pace of modern living increases. The use of active recreational facilities, as well as the opportunity for the urban resident to "get away from it all" in a natural setting, should be among the recreational choices available,to all people. As leisure time increases for the general population, the use.of existing park facilities becomes increasingly overburdened. This situation is compounded by the fact that potential park land is rapidly diminishing in the most urbanized areas, where the demand for such land and facilities is the,greatest. Also, skyrocketing land values in developing areas have made it uneconomical for many desirable wooded sites to be purchased and developed for park purposes. These are some of the many problems facing governmental agencies responsible for meeting park and recreational needs. .If these growing needs areto be effectively addressed, a coordinated effort is required on the part of all governmental agencies responsible for providing parks and recreational facilites. If the entire spectrum of recreational opportunities -- from the provision of active recreational courts to the protection of large tracts of undeveloped natural areas is to be realized, then a consistent method for addressing.park and rec- reational responsibilities is also needed. The 'following discussion presents parks and recreation standards and relates them to current inventories of park land and recreational facilities, resulting in estimates of deficiencies in park land and recreational facili- ties. Park and R6treational'Standards Acreage standards for park land have developed for three categories: federal and state, county, and municipal. Table 7a lists the standards forI -65-- each of these three. The federal and state acreage includes a wide range of parks, recreational areas, and preserves. The county standard is made up of twelve acres per 1,000 in "regional" parks and three acres per 1,000 in "district" parks. The municipal standard is di vided into community, neighborhood and block parks. TABLE 7a RECOMMENDED PARK ACREAGE STANDARDS BY JURISDICTION Jurisdiction Standard Federal and State 20 acres/1000 population County 15 acres/1000 population Municipal 10 acres/1000 population Recreational facility standards are categorized into active recreational facilities and specialized facilities. Table 7b shows these standards. TABLE 7b RECOMMENDED RECREATIONAL FACILITY STANDARDS Facility Standard ACTIVE RECREATION Baseball Diamonds 1 acre/6000 population Softball Diamonds 1 acre/2000 population Tennis Courts 1 acre/1000 population Basketball Goals 1 acre/1000 population Playgrounds I acre/1000 population SPECIALIZED Picnicking 1 acre/1000 or 10 tables/1000 Community Centers I acre/25,000 population Svilmming Pool 1 acr 'ea5_,_@QO ppp@jlati-on Artificial Ice Skating Rinks 1 acre/25,000'p6pulation (-,olf Courses --66- Park and Recreational Deficiencies lhtl nbove #:Anvi(1nr-dN w(,.-r(! i4sed to generati est.iro.tes 6f deficiencies in regional park atreage and"recreationl' facilities. Given the.availability of the 1975 inventory of existing par'k.,.;,-ai@eages conducted by the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning [email protected] was chosen as the base ye ar. Current park and recreational deficiencies were generated using the best possible estimates of 1975 population. Population forecasts for 1980 and the year 2000 were used to develop five-year and twenty-five-year deficiencies, respectively. As shown in Table 7c there is a need for an additional 23,001 acres of Y" park land in northwestern Indiana b' the year 2000. The current and"five-year needs are 15,719 acres and 17,395 acres, respectively. The year 2000 need rep- resents almost a 75% increase over the 1975 inventory. TABLE 7c: REGIONAL PARK ACREAGE NEEDS IN NORTHWESTERN INDIANA Jurisdictional Acres" DcsfkiOnt Level Inventory 1975 ___TT8O' 2000- Federal and State 8,965 4,255 4,995 7,675 County 1,377 8,538 9jO93 11,103 Municipal 3,021 2,926 3,307 4,223 TOTAL 13,363 15,719 17,395 23,001. Table 7d shows the regional deficiency in recreational facilities for 1975, 1980 and the year 2000. -67- TABLE 7d REGIONAL RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS IN NORTHWESTERN INDIANA Facilities Deficient Facility Intentory 1975' f98U- ZOOO ACTIVE RE CREATION Baseball Diamonds 228 --- --- --- Softball Diamonds 214 117 135 202 Tennis Courts 262 179 204 293 Basketball Goals 717 --- --- 115 Playgrounds 347 314 351 485 SPECIALIZED Picnicking 2,630 3,980 4,350 5,690 Community Centers 1 26 27 33 Swimming Pools 9 18 1� 23 Artificial Ice Skating Rinks 15 7 9 13 Golf Courses 30 --- --- 4 Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. -68- COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES The community facilities and services of the region are typical of the types of such facilities and services in most urban areas. This chapter w ill briefly summarize these community facilities and services available to the residents of northwestern Indiana. Public Health Facilities- There are ten hospitals and seven major group practice clinics within the CZM study area. Table 8a- gives public health service statistics for Lake and Porter Counties. The location of the health facilities is shown on Table 8b Projections for 1980 health care needs developed by the Northern Indiana Health Systems Agency, Inc., indicate a bed surplus in both counties. Existing facilities are deemed adequate through the year 1985. Statistics on future needs for doctors are not available. Based on the national average of 885 people per doctor in 1973, Northwest Indiana ranks comparatively low, with 1,212 people per doctor in Lake County, and 1,054 in Porter County. TABLE 8a PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE STATISTICS C ATEGORY LAKE COUNTY PORTER-COUNTY Current Hospital Bed Capacity 2,746 438 Total Number of Doctors 514 72 Number of People Per Doctor 1,212 1,054 Projected Needs (1980) - 2,046 337 Bed Capacity (408 bed surplus) (87 bed surplus) Projected Needs - Doctors NA NA Source; Northern Indiana Health Systems Agency, Inc., Draft Re2ional- Health Plan, March, 1975. -69- TABLE PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES -R-ospitals and Clinics Location LAKE COUNTY - HOSPITALS Broadway Methodist Merrillville Community Munster Methodist Gary Our Lady of Mercy Dyer St. Anthony Crown Point St. Catherine East Chicago St. Margaret Hammond St. Mary Gary St. Mary - S.E. Hobart MAJOR GROUP PRACTICE CLINICS Associates Medical Center Gary' Hammond Clinic Munster Jones Clinic Munster Ross Clinic Merrillville Whiting Clinic Whiting Whiting Clinic Hammond PORTER COUNTY - HOSPITALS Porter Memorial Valparaiso MAJOR GROUP PRACTICE CLINICS Portage Medical Group Portage . . . ......... . ....... ......... .......... Source: Northern Indiana Health Systems Agency, Inc., Draft Regional Health Plan, March, 1975 Public Safety Services: Fire Protection There are six professional fire departments in the region in Hammond, Gary, East ChicagoS Whiting, Portage and Valparaiso. Most of the other municipalities and townships are served by volunteer fire departments. Local communities and unincorporated areas which do not have their own fire protection contract for fire service from surrounding communities. A list of fire departments, their manpower and location is presented in Table 8c _70- TABLE 8c 1976 FIRE DEPARTMENT STATISTICS LAKE AND PORTER COUNTIES '-@:TY OR TOWN LOCATION MANFUWER LAKE COUNTY 11own Point 105 E. Clark 29 ier 226 Schulte Drive 50 --ist Chicago 450 E. Columbus Drive 3428 Guthrie Street 4525 Indianapolis Blvd. 149th & Kennedy Avenue 1225 W. 151st Street 2201 E. Columbus Drive 119 total st Gary 3629 Central Avenue 50 try 200 E. 5th Avenue 1840 Adams Street 1200 Roosevelt Street 330 W. 25th Avenue 4101 Washington Street 1201 W. 5th Avenue Miller Ave. & Huntington Street 2800 W. 5th Avenue 761 Clark Road 3325 Virginia Street 8010 Indian Boundary Road 1901 Mississippi Street 311 total iffith 115 North Broad Street 401 South Broad Street 33 total Immond 2211 Calumet Avenue 47.51 Calumet Avenue 6110 Calumet Avenue 6217 Hohman Avenue 2716 E. 169th Street 1545 E. 173rd Street 3323 E. 165th Street 196 total ghland 3333 Ridge Road 45 bart 454 E. 4th Street W. Ridge Road 21 total errillville 13 W. 73rd Avenue 7905 Taft Street See Ross Township inster 805 Ridge Road 1 550 Fisher Street 50 total ew Chicago 127 Huber Road 24 @t. John 11033 W. 93rd Avenue 30 hererville 1640 Wilson Street 35 t iting 1916 Schrage Street 19 AREAS lumet Township Black Oak - 6066 W. 29th Avenue 42 oss Township Ainsworth - Old Lincoln Highway 128 total 2t. John Township Lake Hills - 9105 W. 85th Avenue New Elliot - Highway 330 28 PORTER couNTY "I I.e verly Shores Broadway Street 25 urns Harbor Covered by Porter t iesterton 726 Broadway 25 ne Acres Covered by Porter uden Dunes Hillcrest Road 24 own of Pines 1516 Maple 24 ortage 6070 Central Avenue 27 and Chief forter 303 Franklin Street 13 alparaiso 205 Indiana Avenue, Evans Street 27 and Chief Township 900 North Road 32 ine Township Covered by Town of Pines ortage Township 700 North at McCool Road 27 nion Township Wheeler Fire Dept. State Road 130 24 ources: Lake and Porter County Fire Department Chiefs -71- Public Safety Services: Police Prote ction Table 8d presents the location and manpower of the municipal police stations within the,CZM study area, along with county and state police forces. There are 24 municipal police departments in the region, in addition to two state police posts and each county's sheriff's department. Additional security is provided on a limited basis by private industry, local universities, and the National and State Parks. Industries that main- tain a security force include U.S. Steel, Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co., Standard Oil Refinery, Bethlehem Steel, Midwest Steel, and the Port of Indiana at Burns Harbor. Industrial security forces vary in size, from 15 or 20 to over,100 at the larger industries. Area universities that maintain a security force include Indiana Uni- versity Northwest, which has 10 police officers, Purdue University Calumet Campus, which has 7, and Valparaiso University, which also has 7 security guards. The Indiana Dunes State Park has a security force of seven and the Na.-. tional Lakeshore Park employs eight people for security purposes. The overall crime rate for Lake County is 5,537.4 crimes per 100,000 population. Similar statistics for Porter County are not available. Indi- ,vidual cities or towns that compile crime rate statistics include Gary, which has a rate of 6,495.1 per 100,000; Hammond, 6,885.9 per 100,000; East Chicago, 6,048.7 per 100,000; Portage, 5,370 per 100,000; and Val-- paraiso, 4,590 per 100,000. (The source of these crime statistics is the Comprehensive Plan: 1973 of the Lake County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council.) -7.2- TABLE 8d PUBLIC SAFETY SERVICES: POLICE PROTECTION (1976) Jurisdiction Location of Police Station Manpower LAKE COUNTY Crown Point 100 E. Clark Street 17 Dyer 226 Schulte Street 11 East Chicago 2301 E. Columbus Drive 147 East Gary 3628 Central Avenue 18 Gary 1301 Broadway 365 Griffith 115 North Broad Street 20 Hammond 5925 Calumet Avenue 2211 Calumet Avenue 212 Highland 3330 Ridge Road 30 Hobart 414 Main Street 26 Merrillville 13 W. 73rd Avenue 24 Munster 1050 Ridge Road 26 New Chicago 127 Huber Boulevard 7 St. John 11033 W. 93rd Avenue 7 it Schererville 1640 Wilson Street 9 Whiting 1916 Schrage Street 30 Sheriff's Department 2293 North Main Street, Crown Point 83 Indiana State Police Schererville 50 PORTER COUNTY Beverly Shores Broadway 5 Burns Harbor Boo Road 6 full-time 4 part-time Chesterton 726 Broadway 14 Dune Acres County Sheriff Ogden Dunes Hillcrest Road 1 and County Sheriff Pines 1516 Maple 4 part-time and County Sheriff P'ortage 2693 Irving 35 Porter, 303 Franklin 5 Valparaiso 107 Jefferson 33 Sheriff's Department Franklin, Valparaiso 44 Indiana State Police U.S. 20 and S.R. 49, Indiana Dunes Natio Inal Westchester 50 Lakeshore 8 Indiana Dunes State Park 7 Source: Local Police Department ChIefs -73- Solid Waste Disposal: [email protected] Needs The present solid waste disposal system in Northwes tern Indiana consists of a number of independent subsystems serving small portions of the region. Fourteen municipalities and 12 private firms collect solid waste within the two-county area. Besides the 14 municipal collection operations, 9 municipalities have contracted with private dealers for collection services,within each community. The only transfer facility in the region is located in Hobart, to relieve the collection vehicles of long hauls to Valparaiso. The only significant processing facility is the East Chicago Incinerator. Of the 12 disposal sites operating at-the time of the survey, July 1976, four are publicly operated and the rest are private. A 1arge portion of the industrial waste in Lake and Porter Counties is either inert slag or ash materials which are generally recycled or disposed of in company-run landfills. The steel industry and other industries in the two-county area also generate solid or non-solid wastes which would be hazardous if landfilled. Generally, these industries recognize the hazardous nature of their waste material and either pretreat it to render it harmless or dispose of it in their facilities, thus relieving the municipalities of the responsibility of disposal. The locations of the major disposal sites serving the two-county area are shown in Figure 2 The numbers identifying each site are keyed to the summary presented in Table 8e , which details the site operations. The open circles in the figure denote landfill operations which have not received Approved Sanitary Landfill (ASL) designations from the State Board of Health, because of environmental inadequacies. The solid circles are the ASL designated landfills within the two-county area. The ASL designation signifies prope r operating procedures controlling odors,,,,,,blowing papers, disease vectors, blowing dust, and ground and surface water pollution. -74- EXISTING SOLID WASTE SYSTEM -Q. 10 PINE ................. R ........... .... . ....... ......... .... ....... ........ .. .... . ........... ... ........... .......... ............. .. ........... ....................... ..................... .............. .... . . :X . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . LIBERTY ALUMET JACKSON Alp- ............. ........ POR AGE 3X, 4 ........... .......... CEN WASHINGTON. ROSS UNION ERMLLVILLt JOHN 4111, LAKE PORTER H NOVER WINFIELD POR T MOR3AN CEOAR LA(E CENTER R@iN t Kou EAGLE BOONE CREEK PLEASANT WEST OWELL CREEK DAR CRE TRANSFER STATION [3 INCINERATOR 0 LANDFILL APPROVED SANITARY LANDFILL 11.11EIDER MUNICIPAL COLLECTION MUNICIPAL CONTRACT SERVICE @il -00 -,w LOVER r 09NORTHWESTERN INDIANA REGIONAL PLANNING Figure 2 COMMISSION -75- TABLE ae DISPOSAL SITES IN LAKE AND PORTER COUNTIES (1976) Site Name Owner or Operator (1) Gary Landfill Development Co. G. L. D. Co. (2) Gary Landfill City of Gary (3) Munster Landfill Town of Munster (4) Griffith Landfill Town of Griffith (5) Center Township Landfill Home Sanitation Service (6) J & D Landfill - Cedar Lake J & D (7) East Gary City of East Gary (8) Best Way - Wheeler Best Way Services (9) Best WAY - Valparaiso Best Way Services (10) Best Way - Pines Best Way Services (11) Dietz - Chesterton Able Disposal Services (12) Groen - DeMotte Groen Bros. of Indiana The handling of residential, commercial, and industrial wastes demands the greatest attention because it is of direct concern to most.of the local governments. Projections indicate a 33 percent increase in this waste gener- ation during the 1970 decade, with the greatest problems in the existing system occurring in the developing suburbs of central Lake County and northern Porter.County. The approved sanitary landfills currently operating or soon opening to serve the region,contain sufficient capacity to satisfy the disposal needs of the region through 1985. .Electrical_�_qp2ly: Capacityand Needs Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO) supplies electricity.to the northern third of Indiana, including all of the CZM study area.@ In 1975 NIPSCO provided 4.4 billion kilowatt hours (KWH) to Lake, Porter and.LaPo*rte Counties. NIPSCO has a total company net demand capacity of 2,545,040 kilowatts. A maximum,demand of 1,888,434-kilowatts occurred on July 31, 1975. Statistics on future needs of the two-county area are not available NIPSCO.anticip ates an estimated 6 percent per year average increase for its 30 county service area for the next 5 years. To meet this increasing demand for electricity NIPSCO has two new generating facilities under construction or planned. The Rollin M. Schahfer plant, with an initial net capacity of -7u- 487,000 kilowatts is under construL;tion in Jasper County near Kankakee River. Bailly Nuclear One, a 686,000 kilowatt plant is planned for construction in Porter County on Like Michigan. C.apacity and Needs for Natural Gas Energy NIPSCO also priivides gas for users in Lake, Porter and LaPorte Counties. Usage in these cowities for 1975 totaled 164.8 billion cubic feet. NIPSCO'S capacity to providi! natural gas is limited only by the amount it can purchase from its five pipeline supplies. Due to a national shortage of natural gas, NIPSCO anticipates future supplies to be below present contracts. Water Supply: Capacity and Needs The major sour--e of municipal water supply in the CZM study area is Lake Michigan which is in close proximity to most of the region's urban development. The only other surFace sUpoly is r1int Lake; whith serves the city ot Valparals o. The remaining urbai development, principally in the southern portion of the region, is served )y groundwater supplies. Industrial watar supply needs are principally for cooling water which is obtained from Lake Michigan by the steel and power generating companies. Process water is cbtained directly from Lake Michigan., or from the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal. Table 8f lists the present municipal and private utility water supply systems and selected properties. As shown by this information, there are 14 public supply lacilities and 7 private supply facilities supplying an estimated 77.8 MGI municipal supply to the region. Individual wells serving an estimated 90,OCO persons when combined with the 78 MGD above result in a total.water usage of about 85 MGD. (Based on an 80 gpcd utilization for the 90,000 persons served by individual wells). Of this total, 71.5 MGD are supplied by Lake Michigan, 1.5 MGD by other surface water, and 12 MGD by collective or individual groundwater supplies. ..77- Ln V) co=m m C+ 0 -5 =r Pi. 0 C+ @ -. C 0) =r 0) to = 0 (D :3 -5 0 C: L/) C-) CDc < r+ -0 CD C-) ::r Lf) C+ -5 (1) 0 -1 rD 0- 0 tn 0) w C- 77 - C+ 0 0 :E C+ Ln - C+, -5 (D 0 0) rD Z3 C-) (D c+ C+ (D (a 0) -1 :r C:) =3 -5 r-L CL =7 -5 (D CDC 0) < :3 P) CL - Eg :3: (A - V) rD 0 Cl+ V) C+ 1-1 V) 0 l< M: C-+ T, LA LCI =5 =3 Ln a) l< C+ (D Cl+ 0 C+ Cl+ E (D (D rD (D0 C+ m Lf) V) N) N) C) -4 U-1 (D C-F 00 CD -4 -4 CD N) 4-1. C) Ln c) Ln Ln C:) C) c) b C) C) Ln Lo b C) CD -0 CD CD C) C) C> C:@ C) C) C) C) C) w C) C) 0-0 C:@ CD C) C) CD CD CD CD C) C) C) CD C) C) -0 m m C-) pi --- i X >< x 77 m C-) (D J. C+ V) C) 0 -0 h C) m rt t< s=r -h (D V) -5o m C) (D -n m 0 X >< >< >< C-F0 >< cl C-) W IN) Q) Cl (3) 14 00 @4 C) C) C) 0=3 C) C) rl.) 4@- @. -I. m r- w cr+ ;a m 0 -h N) - N) CD Cl (71 Ul C) C) r- M-0< @4 c:7 0) @a 4@- C) C) LA.) La. (D CD rr P-4 C) C) C) C) C) C:) C:) -L/) (A 10 CD (-F --q <0 ;a Ql m Ull Lrl 4@- CD C) -5 I sw m to CD C(D LA.) C) Ul C) (-n Ln L/) C2 C-) -11 -n V) (D< m 0) -0 c+ rD (D0 C-F V) a- m C@ -0 l< .-- -S CD =S 0 0 (D 0 X (D -5 L4 V) ". Qj Ln -1 (D < -a 0) V) 00 C4, C+ C-F -b (A 0. 0 0) < C-F 0-0) (D % -j- I 1@ 0 @. (D = =3 L< -5 --1 @ C-) I.J. 0 c1t 0- x Qj 0- V) (D 0 a 'a 0- t--l cr N :3 -S (D 0) Q. 0 =3 c LA (D E3 C-F C- (D = (A CL C-F CL (D -&.-a c V) w c+ r_ 0) 0-5 (A a -J. -0 C-F (A 0 CL C-F :30 rt -0 0 0 -1 0 C+ U) 0 -5 _0 Ul rD 0 C:) W CLa V) rF (A (D :M CL 0- 0 M c (D <:PE (1) 0 0 (::1 V) C+ CD ". CD Cr -S CD 5C+ I Qj 0) 0 0) =r (D (M =3 :3 n rD CL I I TAB LE 8f Continued Supply Source Plant Avg. Sto age Community or Est. Pop. Lake Other 'Ground Capacity Pumpage Elev. lGrade Type of System Name .,.Served Mich. Surf. Water (MGD) (MGD) (Mq) (Mq) Treatment Comments Gary-Hobart 260,000 x 78.03 30.5 3.25 13.66 P,FI Water Co.: Gary 183,500 X2 0.50 East Gary 10,000 2.0 Hobart 21,000 Portaoe Water Co. 9,000 0.30 Gri f f i th 18,000 .335 1.0 New Chicago .2,500 Ogden Dunes 1,000 .225 Merri Ilvi Ile District 6,000 Lincoln Gardens Subd. Turkey Creek Util. Capitol Util. Chapel Manor Subd. Bon Air Subd. Brookview Terr. Subd. Black Oak Subd. Ideal Develop. Inc. 8,50K X 3.40 0.,20 D Neighborhood Utilities x .214 0.03 D Rollina Hills 250 x Chl TABLE 8f Continued NOTES: 1Limited by 1.5 MGD from Flint Lake and 2.2 MGD production capacity at Airport Station 2Wells are source of base supply which is supplemented by water from the Gary-Hobart Water Company 354.0 MGD at Gary intake and 24.0 MGD at Ogden Dunes intake Indicates information not available no entry - Indicates not applicable Chl - Chlorination Fl - Floridation 80 P - Complete filtration including chlorination C) D - Disinfection S - - Softening I - iron and manganese removal ph - ph control Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission Capacity and Needs for Wastewater Treatment Within Lake and Porter Counties, wastewater flow is such that industrial flows far overshadow domestic flows in magnitude. Much of this industrial flow originates from the steel and petroleum industries, and while power generating stations create large volumes of cooling water flows, these are not considered wastewater for the purposes of this discussion. While data pertaining to industrial flows.is somewhat sketchy for various reasons, it is estimated that Lake and Porter Counties have 1500-2000 MGD of waste- water flow (not including cooling water); most of this flow is directly to surface streams while a very small portion is estimated to be tributary to municipal treatment plants. Municipal.Wastewater Flow Selected properties of public and private utility, (non-i.ndustrial). wastewater collection-treatment systems are detailed in the chapter on Water. Quality. Flow from municipal and private utility (non-industrial) treatment facilities in the region is estimated to be approximately 100 fjGD, with about 62 MGD ultimately tributary to Lake Michigan via Burns Ditch or the Indiana Harbor, 36 MGD tributary to the Cal-Sag system in Illinois, and 2 MGD tributary to the Kankakee River. Three sanitary districts, East Chicago, Hammond and Gary, account for 88.5 MGD (or 88.5%) of the regional flow. Other than the three large sanitary districts mentioned above, other communities with systems above I MGD are Valparaiso, Hobart and Crown Point. The remaining public and private systems are less than 1 MGD operations. Combined sewers (storm and sanitary) are generally the rule in older developed areas; this is true for small towns such as Dyer, Crown Point, Lowell, Valparaiso, and Chesterton-Porter as well as for larger cities such as East Chicago, Gary and Hammond. Separate sewers are found in the more newly developed areas. This predominance of combined sewers throughout the region results in high stormwater runoff pollution discharges during heavy rain. Corrective action has begun in many areas and such action is sure to continue. Communications Systems Five daily newspapers and eight weekly papers serve townships within the CZM study area. Television'service is provided mainly through Chicago. Only one UHF television station, WCAE in.St. John, originates within the study area. There are seven local AM-radio stations, four originating in Lake County and three in Porter County. Table 8q lists the names and location of media originating within the study area. TABLE'@g COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS Lake County Pnrtpr Cminty RADIO STATIONS AM WYCA.,'Crown Point WAKE, Valparaiso WLTH, Gary WINS, Valparaiso WWCA, Gary WNWI, Valparaiso WJOB, Hammond RADIO STATIONS FM WYCA, Hammond WAKE, Valparaiso TELEVISION STATIONS - UHF WCAE, St. John NONE NEWSPAPERS DAILY CROWN POINT REGISTER CHESTERTON TRIBUNE POST-TRIBUNE POST-TRIBUNE THE TIMES VIDETTE-MESSENGER NEWSPAPERS WEEKLY CALUMETPRESS PORTAGE PRESS EAST CHICAGO GLOBE HERALD PAPERS HOBART GAZETTE INFO LAKE COUNTY STAR SUN JOURNALS Source: NIPSCO, Community Profiles, 1975. -82@ TRANSPORTATION NETWORK The transportation facilities available within Lake and Porter Counties include a roadway system, passenger and freight raillines, airports and harbors. A general description of these facilities is presented in this section along with an origin-destination trip matrix and a summary of major planned improve- ments in the Region's transportation system. Transportation Facilities- Roads in an urbanized area such as northwestern Indiana are classified by thei r primary function. The four functional systems for urbanized areas are urban principal arterials, minor arterial systems, collector streets and local streets. The principal arterial system is further subdivided into 1) interstates; 2) other freeways and expressways, and 3) other principal arterials with no control of access. The interstate system serves the major centers of activity of the metropolitan are@a, the highest traffic volume corridors, and the longest trip desires. There are approximately 110 miles of expressways in the Region, including interstate highways and other controlled access facilities. [Mnor arterial streets provide intracommunity continuity by interconnecting with the principal arterial system and providing service,to trips of moderate length. This system also distributes travel to geographic areas smaller than those identified with the higher system. The collector street systems provides both land access service and traffic circulation within residential neighborhoods and commercial and industrial areas. The collector street also collects traffic from local streets in residential neighborhoods and channels it into the arterial system. There-are approximately 1,565 miles of other principal arterials, minor arterials and collector streets in the Region's highway network. _83- The local street system comprises all facilities not on one of the higher systems. It provides direct access to abutting. land and to the higher order systems. Table 9a shows local roads and street miles for municipalities within the CZM study a r,@, 'a . TABLE 9a TOTAL LOCAL ROADS AND STREET MILES CZM STUDY AREA Lake County Porter County Crown Point 51.07 Beverly Shores 39.26 Dyer 26.54 Burns Harbor 10.93 East Chicago 79.32 Chesterton 34.89 East Gary 67.39 Dune Acres 5.79 Gary 428.45 Ogden Dunes 10.78 Griffith 51.52 Portage 84.17 Hammond 268.66 Porter 24.78 Highland 77.47 Pines 10.10 Hobart 87.69 Valparaiso 79.12 Merrillville 116.80 Munster 66.98 TOTAL 299.82 New Chicago 12.47 St. John. 19.14 Schererville 29.02 Whiting 12.99 TOTAL 1,395.51 Source: Indiana State.Hiqhjqay Commission The South Shore and Penn Central are the only passenger railways serving the region. There are sixty actual physical miles of pass enger -84- rai I ways. Freight railways crossing the region include the Baltimore and ,Ohio, Chesapeake and Ohio, Elgin, Joliet and Eastern, Erie Lackawanna, Grand Trunk Western, Louisville and Nashville, and the Norfolk and Western. Their combined primary trackage total is 5,700 miles. Table _9b presents a physical description of the region's four public. use airports. TABLE 9b NORTHWEST INDIANA PUBLIC-USE AIRPORT INVENTORY Length of Length of No. of Primary Airport Airport Name Ownership Primary Secondary Paved Runway Beacon Runwav Runwaly Ru ay-. light-, Gary Municipal Public 7000 3600 2 Med. Int. 3611 Griffith Private 2330 NONE 1 Med. Int. --- Hobart Sky Ranch Private 2700 2600 ---- --- Valparaiso-Porter County Municipa.1 Public 6000 1800 2 Low Int. 24" Source: -Indiana Airport System Plan Two additional airports located in the region, Bodin and Wycoff, are pri vate, restricted use airports. The Gary Municipal Airport and the Porter County,Airport are both general transport facilities which can accomodate, turbo 'jet aircraft up to *175,000 pounds. The major water transportation facilities in northwestern,Indiana include the Indiana Harbor and Canal, Buffington Harbor, Gary Harbor and the Port of Indiana (Burns Harbor), all of which are on the southern shore 0 f Lake Michigan. All of these facilities except the Port of Indiana are operated by private industries. The Port of Indiana is a 225-acre harbor which is protected from the open lake by a 4600 foot breakwater, the 5200 foot West Bulkhead and the 3870 foot East Breakhead. Ships are able to enter, berth, and depart in -85- minimum time with little or no tug assistance. Inland waterway barges operating on the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois River systems may enter Lake Michigan via the Calumet River for direct transit to the Harbor with virtually year-round access. Approximately 400 acr es adjacent to the port are available for leasing to water-oriented industries. Se ven public berths are completed and a new transit shed became operational during the 1972 shipping season. An ultramodern waste treat- ment plant, capable of processing all types of ship and nort wastes was also completed in 1972. ,In 1974, over 5.6 million tons of cargo was handled at Burns.Water- way Harbor. The largest category of cargo was solid bulk (domestic), which accounted for nearly 5.2 million tons. Other cargos included 204,000 tons of general cargo and 38,000 tons of containerized cargo. Import- export.cargo accounted for 310,000 tons, including 207,000 tons of imports and 103,000 tons of exports. The map on the following page shows the location of the major water, air, rail and highway transportation facilities. irip Characteristics The time distribution of trips within the eight-county northeastern Illi,nois-northwestern Indiana area by trip purpose is depicted in Figure, .3 Although trips to work occur throughout the day, 65.2 percent originate-during the .period from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. Most trips to school also originate during a short period of time, with 72.2 percent starting between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. Together, trips to work and to school arethe major elements of the morning rush period, constituting 79.5 percent of all trips originating between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. Trips to home represent the major constituent of the evening rush period, largely reflecting the flux of trips to home from work, school and shopping. _86- TRANSPORTATION NETWORK TOWN F PINES WHITING INDIANA HARBOR VERLY ANDCANAL PORT INDIAN BUFFINOTON HARBOR E 5 GA Y 0 HARBOR LAKE mICHIG I N E R ym K PORTER' C A L U M E T HESTERT ORTAGE WESTC STEF A GARY EAST Y A G E > LIBERTY JACKSON MUNSTER HIGHLAND .. .... ...... > 0 ART 51 Hoe It GRIFFiTHi IFFITH T 0 ER C E NT SCHERERVILLE R 0 S S U N I MERRIL 0 N S T\ J 0 H N IWA HINGTO N ::::a.,@;l PORTER GOUNTY E 10 AIRPORT c p CROWN 0 R T POINT H A N 0 V E R.. C E N T E p T E R M 0 R G A N CElOAR W I NF I E L D LAIKE L 11 0 0 N E KOUTS HEBRON L W E S T C E D A R E A G L E LOW ELL P L E A S A N T. C R E E K C' R E E K C R E C LEGEND COUNTY BOUNDARY SCHINEIDER ------ TMN9AP @"D"V CITY $OUNCUV RAILROADS 0 1 IN @RNORTHWESTERN INDIANA .REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION -87- Trips Mousands) r1l) 4@- Oo C) CD C) C) CD C) a C) C) CD CD C) Ci -M c m N) Z5@ 0 C-V) 0 3 :7- 0 (D 77- o -0 !I(D 0 D rr a ou (D I c C) c Q L@. CD @0 (D 03 < 0 (D .1 D C-A jw W 0 co ct CD =09-:j @05 m > Z c m < -n rn rn Ol ril 00 CD rl) About 35.3@percent of all trips to home start between 3:00 p.m. and 6:00 P.M., accounting for 67.2 percent of all trips beginning during the evening rush period (4:00p.m. to 6:00 p.m.). Trips to home excluded, non-work trip origins peak between 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. These non-work trips represent 57.6 percent of the total trips beginning during the late evening period (7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.). During the earlier parts of the day, non-work trips are distributed rather uniformly compared to trips to work, school and home. Together, trips for all purposes result in high concentrations of travel.during certain periods of the day. The capacity of the transportation system is sized to accomodate these peaks, resulting in an over supply or underulitization of transportation network capacity during other parts of the day. The peaking characteristic is common to all modes of transportation, but the intensity of the peaks varies by mode. Figure 4 depicts the distri- bution of trips by starting time and mode of travel. The work orientation of travel on the transit modes is reflected by the high peaks during the morning and evening rush periods on these modes, while the more general purpose usage of the auto is manifested by its less peaked distribution. Auto travel is the least rush-hour oriented, with 24.5 percent of all auto trips starting during the morning and evening peak periods. A significant peak in auto travel, particularly auto passengers, occurs from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m., with 20.3 percent of all auto passenger trips starting during this period. This corresponds to the late evening shopping and social/ recreational travel peak. Table 9c shows the number of trips originating from townships within the CZM study area. The combined total for Lake and Porter County coastal zone townships, 1,634,932, represents 96 percent of all trips originating in the two-county area. Table 9d gives.the figures for destinations from all . -89- -06- Frequency (Percent) 6S 'D C;, 4@@ ol 00 tz@ 0- 0 C> N) ol r-j CA C:) 'n C-) TjM z, * --f N) -n C") nLn O(.D (.n CD --I -1 ol C < CD -M OD C"t w- 70 t/I . .-** zo- 0 C-1. 0 v) C C C C a C a- -01 a, 0 0 C T -0 Cr 0 0 < < LA 0 m A C@ :@E 00 - m m 7@ 10 0> -0 C) m U) 0 z --I TABLE 9c TOTAL TRIP ORIGINS BY TOWNSHIP- CZM STUDY AREA Lake County Porter County Calumet 506,866 Center 102,452 Center 70,010 Jackson 2,48.2 Hobart 96,880 Liberty 9,692 North 566,371 Pine 4,556 Ross 101,234 Portage 82,387 St. John 35,793 Union 5,032 TOTAL 1,377,154 Westchester 51,179 257,780 Source: NIRPC, Northwestern Indiana Origin-Destination Survey, 1971 TABLE 9d TOTAL TRIP DESTINATIONS BY TOWNSHIP- CZM STUDY AREA Lake County 'Porter County Cal upiet Center 102,453 Center 70,517 Jackson 2,445 Hobart 96,650 Liberty 9,817 North 565,163 Pine 4,974 Ross 101,422 Portage 82,387 St. John 35,798 Union 5,081, TOTAL 1,275,763 Westchester 51,313 TOTAL 258,470 Source: NIRPC, Northwestern Indiana Origin-Dostination Survey, 1971 -91- origins to study area townships. The study area total represents 90 percent of all destinations to all townships in Lake and Porter Counties. This infor- mation was compiled from a survey done as part of the Northwest Indiana Trans- portation Study. A technical report detailing the methodology of the survey is on file at the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Major Planned Improvements On November 27, 1974, the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission adopted by resolution the Regional 1995 Transportation System Plan. This plan delineates guidelines for future development of highways and public transporta- tion to insure more rational, systematic, and productive decisions in the expenditure of federal, state and local funds. Highway and public transportation systems form the transportation system plan for northwestern Indiana. This plan, a product of the comprehensive and continuing planning process of the Commission, was developed in coordination with local, state and federal agencies. Preparation of the regional transportation plan began in 1969 with review and revision of basic data on population, housing, economic and employment activity, land use, vehicle ownership, and travel characteristics. Projections were then made of future socio-economic and travel conditions. Six different transportation alternatives, including the existing network, underwent extensive testing and evaluation to determine the t pe of system which Y, would best serve anticipated travel demand. A composite plan, the Pre- liminary 1995 Transportation Plan, resulted from analysis of expressway and transit alternatives, which were then integrated with an arterial highway component. The preliminary plan was based upon design elements which would: -92- (1) best serve demand for transportation service anticipated by 1995; (2) provide the most beneficial social, economic and environmental influences by satisfying Regional Goals and Objectives; and (3) best compliment the Comprehensive Regional Plan. To ensure a final plan that would be reflective of and responsive to community needs, review of the preliminary plan by technical officials, public officials, and the general public was undertaken. The final product of testing, evaluation, and public review is the Northwestern Indiana Regional 1995 Transportation System Plan.. Transportation planning to meet the growingneeds of northwestern Indiana examined the major movements of people and goods in the two-county area. Since the 1995 Transportation Plan is a regional plan, not all types of streets and highways or public transportation are included in it. Only regionally significant roads carrying large volumes of traffic over consid- erable distances and major routes for bus and rail transportation have been included. This plan consists of two subsystems--a highway system and a transit system. A brief description of these two systems follows. The highway system was designed to improve the quality of the existing arterial and expressway networks and to recommend new facilities on new right-of-way where future traffic would greatly exceed the*capacity of existing roadways. Planned arterials and expressways reflect growth patterns dep.icted by the Regional Comprehensive Plan. To provide for an adequate level of service throughout the region, the highway network was designed to provide for direct routing, continuous routing and connectivity. Community co mprehensive plans were analyzed to provide input to plan design ensuring compatibility of local and regional plans. There.are approximately 930 miles of roadway on the planned highway -93- network. Of these 930 miles, therE are approximately 130 miles of ex- isting expressway, proposed expressway and expressway within study corridors;, 70 miles of controlled access highways; and nearly 730 miles of.arterial highways. The transit system provides for commuter rail and express bus service with transportation centers at key locations to optimize intermodal transfers. The transit system seeks to improve and expand the existing transit facilities by utilizing the present commuter rail lines, complemented by a proposed regional bus network. Express buses would operate over this network to link major residential areas with commercial and employment centers. Local bus service, although not part of the regional plan, would provide feeder service to the regional network. Ease of transfer throughout the transit network, would provide for convenient travel and improve accessibility to many locations via public transportation. The Northwest Indiana Transportation Authority will assist in coordination of services provided by various carriers and be re- sponsible for operation planning of the transit system. There.are approximately 1 00 miles of commuter rail lines in the plan for service to be provided between Michigan City and Chicago and Valparaiso and Chicago. Express buses will operate over approximately 175 miles of re- gional highway. Improvements to the transportation system in northwest Indiana are planned, designed and implemented by a number of agencies and governmental bodies. The Indiana State Highway Commission has a Capital Improvement Program for Lake and Porter Counties which describes projects to be completed by June 30, 1978. These projects are included in Appendix E The North- western Indiana Regional Planning Commission has prepared extensive improvements in their Fiscal Year 1977 Annual Element for highways, mass transportation and transportation system management. Excerpts from this report are also contained in,Appendix E_. These short-range programs are designed to be consistent with the above mentioned long-range regional transportation plan. -94- WATER QUALITY: THE 208 PROGRAM Since 1957 the State of Indiana has maintained a fixed station monitoring program for the purpose of determining the chemical, physical, bacteriological, and biological characteristics of the State's wat ers. However, standards for water quality weren' t developed until Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972. The goals of the Act are to have all navigable waters fishable and swimmable by 1983 and to eliminate the discharge of pollutants into these waters by 1985. Individual states were charged with developing water quality standards following USEPA guidelines that would allow these goals to be met. In Indiana, The State Board of Health determines water quality standards. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, under section 208, also provides for area-wide wastewater management programs to meet 1983 water quality goals by planning, managing, and implementing a comprehensive pollution control program for municipal and industrial waste water, resi- dual waste, storm and combined sewer runoff, nonpoint source pollutants, and land use as it relates to water quality. The Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, in coo"peration with the State Board of Health, is responsible for developing a "208",management program for the Grand Calumet, Little Calumet and Kankakee River Basin Drainage Areas. The Grand Calumet and Little Calumet Rivers are part of the Lake Michigan Drainage Basin, which includes all of the CZM Study area. The initial planning phase in developing the "208" program was recently completed. It inlcuded a report containing abstracts of sources of data and information on the three drainage areas and an almost 400-pagereport documenting water qualfty in the "208" study area, based on State standardse That report also identifies major sources of pollutiomand critical areas of -95- water quality. Included is a brief inventory and description of existing waste water treatment facilities. A summary of both reports and the find- ings that relate to the CZM study are included in this chapter. Also included is a brief description of the current status of the "208" program; the goals which have been set and plans to achieve them; and a tentative schedule for completion of the remaining elements of the 1.1208"..program. Sources of Data Water quality data was collected from four major sources: (1) The Indiana State fixed water quality stations (2) The STORET Computer p@ogram system (3) The Indiana State special surveys (4) Other relevant publications and studies containing water data for the streams in the study area. The State's fixed,water quality stations in the study area provided the most complete information which can be utilized in a study of this nature. The fixed stations are located primarily at bridges or at waterwork intakes. Because of the limitation of a station's location, one must recognize the fact that some of the locations might not reflect points which would show maximum areas of the effect of certain discharges nor show the extent of improvement that has resulted from past water pollution abatement programs in localized segments of the streams. There are 15 of the fixed monitoring stations in th e coastal zone study area. A list of these stations is shown on Table 10a -96- Table TOa Indiana Fixed Monitoring Stations Station Name Location BD-O Burns Ditch at Portage Midwest Steel catwalk at mouth of Burns Ditch (Robot Monitor Site) BD-1 Burns Ditch at Portage Midwest Steel Truck bridge, Portage BD-2E Burns Ditch at Portage State Highway 249 bridge.(Crisman Road), Portage BD-3W Burns Ditch at Portage Portage Boat Yard Dock, Portage GCR-34 Grand Calumet River at Hammond Hohman Avenue bridge at Hammond GCR-36. Grand Calumet River at East Chicago Bridge on Indianapolis Boulevard, East Chicago GCR-37 Grand Calumet River at East Chicago Bridge on Kennedy Avenue, East Chicago GCR-41, Grand Calumet River at Gary Bridge on U.S. Highway 12, Gary IHC-O Indiana Harbor Canal at East Chicago Downstream from Youngstown Steel, mouth of ship canal IHC-1 Indiana Harbor Canal at East Chi cago Bridge on Dickey Road, East Chicago IHC-3S Indiana Harbor Canal at East Chicago Bridge on Columbus Drive, East Chicago IHC-3W., Indiana Harbor Canal at East Chicago Bridge on Indianapolis Boulevard, East Chicago LCR-13 Little Calumet River at Hammond Hohman Avenue bridge, Hammond LCR-39 Little Calumet River at Porter State Highway 149 south of U.S. Highway 12, Porter SLC-12 Salt Creek near Valparaiso State Highway 130 bridge, below. Valparaiso sewage treatment plant Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 208 Areawide Wastewater Treatment Management Planning Program -97- Table 10b gives a sample of the type of data available from the fixed station monitoring program. Another aspect of the State's water quality control program that yields a different type of information is the N.P.D.E.S. permit. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System is a nation-wid Ie permitting system authorized under section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Administered by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board under the State Board of Health, this program requires all major source s of pollution to have operating permits for each outfall the source maintains. N.P.D.E.S. permit holders are also required to file monthly operating reports detailing the amount of wastewater dumped into area waterways (waste loads)'and its characteristics (parameters). This system makes it possible to identify major problem sources of pollution and to enforce assigned restrictions on the quantities, rates and concentrations of specific parameters (effluent limitations). Table 10c gives a sample of the type of data collected from the N.P.D.E.S. permit holders' operating reports for a few of thd industries located in the coastal zone. The STORET program contains a computerized summary of water quality from the different �tate and federal stations. From this data, only general trends in water quality and the influences of large pollution sources are apparent. The State's special surveys provide data on water quality in areas where data from fixed stations is incomplete. Special surveys and reports from other sources serve a similar function. -98- --JABLE lob 1-ittle Caluoiat River Ovlost Branch) Wjter Quality Data 1973 Distance Fro-m Avg Min. Max. Loc at i on Mouth in Nliles (mg/ 1 Numberof-Samples A. BOD_@ SD-O 0 3.2 1.2 4.6 19 0.7 3.3 1.2 7.7 19 B D- 3W 1.8 5.3 1.2 12.0 19 LCR-13 23.6 9.3 3.3 15.0 19 B. 00 BD-O 0 8.0 5.7 11.0 18 BD-1 0.7 8.2 5.9 10.9 18 BD-31-1 1.8 9.2 5.4 18.3 18 LCR-13 23.6 5.1 0.5 9.8 19 A, Suspended Solids S j - 0 24 9 53 19 BD-1 0.7 28 8 31 19 BD-3W 1.8 28 6 55 19 LCR-13 23.6 45 13 230 19 B. Phosohorous-2) BD-O 0.0 0.17 0.03 0.36 18 BD-1 0.7 0.17 0.09 0.24 19 BD-3W 1.8 0.41 0.26 O.G2 19 LCR-13 23.6 1.17 0.35 3.55 19 _99- TABLE 10b Cont I i f@4 Calumet River U.-Jest Granch) @Iatoy Quality Da'a 1'73 Fecal Coliform Distance From Avg. Mi n. Max. Location Mouth in-11tiles (mg/1) Number of Sample- 0.0 1,373 140 6 '80o 19 BD-1 0.7 1,623 90 P_'800 19 B D - ')"J 1.8 1,890 10 /,Soo 19 LCR-113 23.6 57,337 510 620,000 19 A. Ni tra tes (N'0341) 60-0 0.0 1.1 0.6 1.6 19 ED-1 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.7 19 BD-3W 1.8 2.0 0.5 3.0 19 LCR-13 23.6 1.1 0.1 5.0 19 0.0 B. Amrio n i a (11H3-M) 0.49 0.30 0.80 19 BD- 1 0.7 0.69 0.30 1.20 19 DD-3W 1.8 0.79 0.20 1.50 19 LCR-13 23.6 3.04 0.40 7.1.0 19 Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 208 Areawide Wastewater Treatment Management Planning Program _100- -LOT- Z En OW H 0 C6 V r rip 0 0 rt 0 0 C 0 0 0 CD 0 en 0 'n w m Ln & Ili OD w w I ca ra- rr 0 0 r_ w r? M 01 w to j 0 0 Ln 0 0 a Q w Im 0 %a d6 0 0 ob m a@ 0 0 LIA 0 ;. ;D 'p.' rp 0 w I'S" 0% 0% :3 0 0 n w ftl 0 0 0 H w 00 a 0 (fin En r rl rn n m > z<O 0 .0;0 z a cl M lb < M L" 0 0 CD ao 0) fb ;p 20 -1 & rr r, pi ol r zo . I ba Ww M.-Oz 1@ 0 %Lj 0 Q 0 M (A o n 0 0 t4n 0. :p IOD P. th'a n5> a & 0 m C% P@ 0 w CD " Pi % I 19 tj .4 0 QD fJ k" %o 0% t-- 0 m 0 M'x a m M c'j < I- 0 SO _W 0 PC <@@ C-) a 0 .:c CD I,, m n 10" C ;a= 0 0 w 0 'a P 0 p- Ln L" Lp PIN m p_4:x m m ca ;,. Ln G H. Z rr PJ A 0 w %D li ct CD th :5 rn OD ix Z I- m w rvvr- In 0 z ft OF 0 0 n I (? 00 0 P, ab 0 LJ tj W - Z Z 1 :1 . & w 0 w OD 00 -40 w En 91 n ft 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m a w 0 0 a' W W W W "a 0 0 0 0 0 Ca 03 0 iv :3 CO -4 M %D w @j 0% L" I.- rp 91 0 En m 0 (D ;D -1 Ln un CD ol 0% L. Ln 1-1 %D w 0 Ln 0 La Go I.- Z; I.. 1-i a) Lp N a 0% a, Ln K) tm I @j 0 #@ a) a, on OD U% -j 30 0 & 00, Ip" 0 Ea 0, 0 4@ @J W 41 & 0 1@ I.- pj!j w ty ? F - "j, ED 0% U. 0 w 011-1 %a En r- to LO " w V@ J L., Ln ka O@ F, 0 lu rri Lo w C K) Co -1 0 twi 0, IQ r- C-) 0 --j tD 01 0.0 0 CA 0 C-i" mo 0 Pi 0 I-, I'll, C-il 0 03 Ln %0 td 0 0 -P, -j 0 NJ En @j bi ri w %D OD 61 CD 0 S 20 o 0 tj pi tj 0 tj Ln ln OD 0 @j Go 0 F- OD OD W OD 0. W O.-D. 0 0 ot Water Quality Standards The State Board of Health determines the allowable stream concen- tration regulations pertaining to wastewater constituents, or parameters. Si x major parameters form the water quality data base: dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, and fecal coliforms. The list on the following page defines these and additional terms necessary to understand water quality data. The Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board, under the Indiana State Board of Health, is the agency designated by the Indiana Environmental Management Act of 1971 to implement and review the water quality standards. Present standards that have impact on the water quality in the study a rea are: Regulation SPC-1R-3, "Water Quality Standa rds for Waters of Indiana"; Regulation SPC-4R, "Minimum Conditions Applicable.to Waters of Lake Michigan and Harbor Areas"; Regulation SPC-7R-2, "Water Quality Standards for the.Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal"; Regulation SPC---10R, "Water Quality Standards for Wolf Lake; and Regulation SPC-12, Natural Spawning Areas, Rearing or Imprinting Areas and Migration Routeof Salmonid Fishes". Appendix F contains these regulations. After water quality standards.that will meet the 1983 Joals are de- veloped, waste load allocations for stream segments are determined. A waste load allocation for a segment is the assignment of*target loads to point and nonpoint sources of pollution so as to achieve water quality stan- dards in the most effective manner. Appendix G contains sample data compiled from the NPDES-operator's reports from the Inland Steel outfalls showing the allocated loads for each parameter and the actual amount,the. discharge contained. -103- Al kal inity The abil ity of natural wat ers to neutralize acids. Represents the ratio of carbonate - bicarbonate ions present. It is expressed in parts per million of calcium car- bonate. Bacteria Primitive plants, generally free of pigment, that reproduce by simple division or spore formation. They occur as single cells, as colonies, as filaments, and do not require light for their life processes. They depend upon living or dead organic material as a media for growth. BOD Biological Oxygen Demand (units mg1l) An index used to indicate the rela- tive amount of living and non-living organic demand for oxygen imposed by wastes of various kinds. The 5-day BOD is often used to evaluate the amount of organic input into a stream. Coliform A large and varied group of bacteria occurring in animal guts, man, and also found on vegetation. Coliform bacteria, by definition are aerobic or facultative anaerobic gram negative, non-'sporeforming, rod shaped bacilli that ferment lactose with gas formation. Two dominant species of this group are Escherichia Coli and Aerobacter Aerogenes. D.O. Dissolved Oxygen (units mg/1) A direct measurement of the amount of oxygen actually dissolved iJn the water. Dissolved Oxygen concentration is direct- ly related to atmospheric pressure and inversely related to temperature. A high dissolved oxygen content is important for a balanced aquatic community. Effluent Limitation Any restriction established bv a State or the Administrator on quantities, rates, and concentrations of chemical, physical, biological or other con- stituents which are discharged from point sources into navigable waters. .-104- Fecal Coliform A part of a large and varied group of bacteria. The fecal coliform bacteria flourish in the gut and feces of warm blooded animals, including nan. This measurement is used as an indication of the amount of sanitary sewage or feed-lot that may be entering a stream. It is also used as an indicator as to the presence or absence of pathogenic bacteria. The presence of high fecal coliform counts suggests that strep- tococci and viruses may be present. Heavy Metals Also called trace metals. Many heavy metals are quite toxic. However, other metals, at low levels are considered beneficial to human health. Some heavy metals, particularly manganese, iron, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt, and copper, are essentail micronutrients for algae. Copper is essenti.al for algal growth at a level of 30-40 ppb, but is toxic at levels above 400ppm. This is true for many of the metals. Other metals in this class include: Cadmium, Chromium, iron, Lead, Manganese, Mer- cury, Silver, and Zinc. Nitrate The chemical symbol is NO Nitrate is also a macronutrient. Hi ?rogen is required for the production of protein in living systems. Nitrates often are the limiting factor in aquatic algal growth. Thus, artificially increasing the nitrate level of a stream or lake can upset the ecological balance. Nitrate"s are measured as total nitrogen. Non-point source Generalized discharge of waste into a waterbody which cannot be located as to specific source. Nutrient Any substance assimilated by organisms which promotes growth and replacement of cellular constituents. _105- pH This is the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution. It is measured on a scale of one to fourteen. A low pil value indicates an acid solution, a high value, a basic solution. Natural waters generally range in pH from 6 to 9 units. Point source Any discernable, confined, and discrete conveyance including, but not limited to, any pipe, ditch,,channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, con- tainer, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or can be discharged.. Phosphates The chemical symbol is P04, Phosphate is in a group of chemicals known as macronutrients. Phosphorus is a necessity of life, but when present in too high a concentration it can cause nuisance algal blooms. Suspended Solids Measured in mb/l. Is a measurement of the amount of material that is held in suspension by the physical properties of water. Generally flowing water will be able to support a higher suspended load. Turbidity The capacity of materials suspended in water to scatter light. It is measured in arbitrary Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). This measurement is used to indicated the amount of suspended materialin the water. Temperature Degree of hotness or coldness as indicated by a thermometer. Toxic Substance A poisonous chemical that may cause harm to various plant or animal life. When looking at toxic substances, synergistic, antagonistic and sublethal effects must be considered. -106- Major Sources Of Pollution Sources of pollution are divided into point and nonpoint sources. Briefly, point sources are those to which pollution can be directly traced and nonpoint sources are those which pollute, but not from any identifiable, specific location. Industrial, municipal and semi-public wastewater treatment plants are the major point sources of pollution. Tables _jja and l0e identify these sources in northwestern Indiana. Three general areas of non-point sources of pollution have been iden- tified in the Region. These are stormwater runoff, agricultural runoff and atmospheric "scrubbing" by rainstorms. Stormwater runoff is the result of rain or melting snow running off impervious areas (parking lots, streets) and picking up debris and filth as it finds its way into streams within the area. According to studies under- taken by the USEPA, there is some evidence to suggest that this problem may contribute as much pollution as some point sources. Studies indicate that the "first flush" of stormwater runoff is as equally offensive as raw domestic discharges. General agricultural activities and animal feedlots are the sources of agricultural runoff. This primarily affects southern Lake and Porter Counties and the Kankakee River Basin. Pollution results from erosion of the land, allowing nutrients, herbicides and pesticides to wash into area streams. A newly defined area of nonpoint source pollution that must be considered in this area is that which is contributed by precipitation. Atmospheric "scrubbing" by rainstorms adds significantly to the pollution of lakes and streams. Despite indications that the area's air quality is improving, this -1077 TABLE 10d : MAJOR SEMI-PUBLIC POLLUTION SOURCES IN THE CZH STUDY AREA Source Location Apple Valley Estates N.H.P. Lake County Rrookview Terrace Subdivision Lake County Center Utilities, Inc. Lake County Christian Assembly Church Lake County Insbrook Bon Air Subdivision Lake County Hyles-Anderson College Lake County John Uood Elementary School Lake County Lake Dale Fairways Lake County Lake George Plateau Subdivision Lake County Lakes of the Four Seasons Lako County Lake Region Christian AsseciblIv Church Camp Lake County Lincoln Gardens Subdivisi .on Lake County Melody Lane Trailer Park Lake County Nob Hill Subdivision Lake County Oak Tree I.I.H.P. Lake Count v River Forrest Schools Lake County Rolling Hills Subdivision Lake County Utilities, Inc. Lake County Brummit Elementary School Porter County Burns Harbor Estates Porter County Elmwood 11.H.P. Porter Countv Lake Louis Development Porter County Liberty Elementary & High School Porter County Liberty Farm M.H.P. Porter County Pleasant Valley N.H.P. Porter County Sands M.H.P. Porter County South Haven Subdivision Porter County k-lilliarrisburg Manor M.H.P. Porter County Source: Sanitary Department, Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board MAJOR MUNICIPAL POLLUTION SOURCES Name and Location Notes Chesterton S.T.P. Crown Point Dyer East Chicago East Gary Storm Combined Sewer Discharges oniv Gary Griffith Hammond Hebron Highland Storm 9 Combined Sewer Discharges Only Hobart Lowell Schererville Schneider Valparaiso Kouts Portage Source: NPDES permits U.S.E.P.A., Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board _108- TABLE l0e MAJOR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION SOURCES Name Location Notesl Bethlehem Steel Chesterton 3permits .NIPSCO (Bailly Station) Chesterto.n Culligan Soft Water Service Crown Point American Steel Foundaries East Chicago 2permits C.F. Petroleum. East Chicago Blaw Knox Foundary Mills East Chicago 2permits Cities Service Oil Co. East Chicago 2permits E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co. East Chicago @3 permits General American Transportation Corp. East Chicago 13 permits Inland Steel Co. East Chicago Phillips Petroleum Co. East Chicago Union Carbide East Chicago U.S.S. Lead Refining, Inc. East Chicago Youngstown East Chicago 11 permits Cris Craft Indiana Gary Kaiser Aluminum Gary Marblehead Lime Co. Gary 2permits NIPSCO Gary 2permits .Union Carbide Linde Division Gary U.S. Steel Gary 23 permits Universal Atlas Hammond American Maize Hammond 5permits American Mai,ze Water Treatment Hammond Commonwealth Edison Hammond Harbison Walker Hammond Lever Brothers Hammond Louisville & Nashville R.R. Hammond National Steel Co. Portage 6permits American Brick Munster Simmons Co. Munster Amoco Whiting 2permits Union Carbide Whiting 2permits Coca-Cola Valparaiso Source: NPDES permits of U.S.E.P.A., Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board .1. Numbers refer to number of NPDES operating permits @109- factor still remains influential. Existing Wastewater Treatment Facilities The map on the following page shows the existing municipal and semi-public wastewater treatment.facilities. The-.reference numbers on this map can be used to identify the name, service area and character- istics of each facility, by referring to Table 10f . This table includes information on the capacity and flows for each facility, as well as the type of sewers and treatment and the population served. This information is being updated as part of the "208" program. During the development of the actual management plan,priority ratings for new or expanded facilities will be determined. Industrial flows over 5 MGD are summarized in Table lOg in terms of: name of industrial firm, nature of flow, magnitude of flow, and flow char- acteristics. Essentially, the power generation facilities generate large amounts of cooling water while the petroleum and steel industries generate the largest amounts of process wastewater. Current trends toward recy .cling of process wastewater, if continued, will reduce the overall industrial wastewater load. A Summary Of TheRegion's Water guality From the water quality data studied, it can be stated that of all the streams in the study area, the Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Canal have shown the most violations of the standards in many of the quality parameters. These two channels carry the effluent from the major steel mills, refineries, and municipal wastewater.treatment plants and discharge these waters into Lake Michigan. While the water quality LOCATION OF EXISTING MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION -TREATMENT OF Poo FACILITIES BEYERLY SHOW ITIN A N G DUNE H ACRES CHIC Air M PORT BURNS HARBOR ok HAMMOh 13ARY P ATAGE AS GARY C MUNSTER HIG,11LAND HOSAR04 E27 _7 H U19 7 =14 DIE. rCHE FIERVILLE 24@ _E21 0,LPAR $0 ST. MERA LLVI LE IOHN L A@' E CROWN FONT p R T E R 015 250 A LAKE E18 E rlKC LOWELL 8 E LEGEND PU13LIC FACILITY IL IIIII - PRIVATE FACILITY CHNE ER 7 - INDICATES TABLE 2.2 REFERENCE NUMBER SCALE 1% MILES 0 1 2 NORTHWESTERN INDIANA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION Pa -,n (D cm Ln C .7 V) n < 0 0 n M G) Q) X: Gli (1) 1 ::3- Cr .0 a) iw -S P) in -1 (D 131 = CL 's (A -1 a --3 -S LA CD -1 C+ C+ -h Uza- ow 3 o C+ --h - C- 0 :3 C') 0 -0 G) CU m = CL =r W 0 0.) 1= Lo C+ CL Ln C+ Im (n 0 fu C+ La C+ ID M --71 (D -1 Al m 0 -f" P" N) I-- CO CD N.) @-A CD -4 C." (A C-) CD W I.- CD co C." 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Q1 t-) 4, X, %0 rl CLI to Ed @-4 tn t.4 LIJ 0 C3 "I C11 1% koa ta C- 0 .. f, :4 . -j @j 19 " r- 4-4 00 -4%0 0% 0- I_n t:) Ln kA to 0 P-j N %DID 03 CID j 41 w r-i X, @j cc 0 cj tZI n it PO 14 0 M.. m 00 th ca Do 0 PI 1:1 1,4 a K CL 0 rr ID cr lb tr P@ & r@ .13 91 0 @, 0 M, n C, 0 0 m P n 0 1 0) w cn CA kA w tA 01 00 UI >1 >4 Cooling Tiocess anitar w 6d rn F, rp r? (D r? (0 lb (a Pi 0 zc M, M ;K 0 In 00 13 In z ca > 1 12 0 0 0 1-4 0 fr tv rt (D x @, I..." I., H (D rp IA @.91 1-- 0 F-- ".F. 0 H 0 ri. 0 g. @v o 0. IV t 00 W 0: MMD V) .1d .,a I-- LO .0 11 C+ - zr M .4". C4 0') 0 0 rp0 a rt, tj 1.4 IL 9) :01 10, (P C, -j 4- %0 to W 0, 0-1 oa w co CP 4 r2i td to Us to nA 2 00 Ij 41 41 En 0 0- aA 0 00 -j %A W I- a 1@0 1;01 -40 190, 0 6p %00% 41 Lq' a @m m 4b- -j 'D W C, vI Ln LA@ If -9TT- J Cn m ta 0 G r. 9 " m , 1.4 m 93 13 03 rp CL M Ib CL 0 0 93 It 0 :3 W r? rv CL m r? m to ef go CA M I- M v P." 0 @- = 6 m 0 ri 0 tv 0 P% En n 0 w m w C. 0 " rh " - n 0 00 m a. I" 0 0 In 0. m r to tv 0 0 rf I-- H. 00, 0 to 0 Cu r? 09 to 0 r? m m Ln -4 m 00 DO 0 Cr IC >4 Cooling 0 Cn LA Process Cn 0 0 rt 0 M W 03 Sarkitar Cn C-- ri (n 1:4 tv &n pi . m 0 rt 0 C:: Cn o Ca C--) 0 LV t:7 H 0 0 @4 tj 0 0 > 10 C/) 0 Iw r- In to standards have consistently been violated over the years, a study of the annual trends shows improvement of water quality in recent years. This is due to the expansion of treatment facilities and the addition of more advanced treatment processes at the different wastewater treatment plants. The Little Calumet River, its tributaries and Burns Harbor also carry their waters to Lake Michigan. The water quality in these channels show less violations of standards than the Grand Calumet River,System. The de- gradable parameters showed no violations of the standards except at station LCR-13 at the Illinois-Indiana state line. Non-degradable parameters showed occasional violations, especially in relation to the-'phosphorus, fecal coliforms, iron, and mercury. The water quality in the Little Calumet River System, over the years, has not shown the remarkable decrease in re- cent years as was noticed in the Grand Calumet River System. Phosphorus, however, is one of the few parameters that d A show remarkable decrease to a stat e 41 e after 1972 due M and 1974 values of phosphorus still were in violation of the standards in most of the stations. The water quality data of the tributaries to the Little Calumet River, Deep River, Turkey Creek, Salt Creek and Hart Ditch, showed more violations of the standards than the river itself. These tributaries receive several effluents of smaller wastewater treatment plants and industrial plants. The effect of these discharges on the water quality is readily noticed. It is essential at these plants to make the necessary changes and additions to eliminate any overloaded conditions and to introduce advanced treatment such as phosphorus removal, tertiary sand filtration, ammonia removal, and chlorination. _119- It is important to note that both the Grand Calumet River and Little Calumet River Basin are designated as "water quality limited segments". That is to say, the water quality does not meet aoDlicable water quality standards. The Kankakee River Basin on the other hand, is designated as "effluent limited segment" which means that the water quality is meeting applicable standards or there is adequate evidence that it-will meet applicable standards after the application of effluent limitations, or waste load allocations. Load allocation studies have been made for the Grand Calumet River (Combinatoric�, Inc.) and for the Little Calumet River (Steeg and Associates). The problem constituents or parameters in the waters of the Grand and Little Calumet River.@ Basins are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia (NH3-N), phosphorus (P), fecal goliforms (F.C.), phenols, cyanide, iron (Fe), and mercury (Hg). Some of these parameters are due to specific industrial discharges while others are characteristics of municipal wastewater treat- ment plant discharges. Critical Areas Of Water Quality The single most important water quality problem in the area is caused by discharges from industrial sources. The Grand Calumet River is the primary receiver of these discharges. To a lesser degree, the problem also exists in the Little Calumet River watershed. Thus the entire Lake Michigan Drainage Basin Area is affected. The result is a degrading of Lake Michigan, the major source of drinking water and the major natural resource of the area. Lake Michigan is used extensively for swimming, fishing and sailing,. The Indiana Harbor Canal is used for waste transport, drainage and as a shipping lan6. The Grand Calumet River is only used to transport wastewater and stormwater, it has no -120- recreational uses. If nothing is done, the Grand Calumet - Indiana Harbor Canal will continue to be a detriment to the quality of life in the region and cont ribute to the degradation of Lake Michigan. The problems posed by the large concentration of industrial discharges are repeated by municipal dischargers. The major municipal wastewater treatment plants in the area, Gary, Hammond, and East Chicago, have a design capacity to treat over 125 million gallons Of waste-water-per day. This concentration of municipal discharge in virtually the same area of the industrial discharges tends to compound the effects of the pollutions. Fecal Coliform levels have caused lake beaches in Whiting and Hammond to be closed for years. Fecal coliform is the primary water quality para- meter used to determine whether waters are swimmable or not. 1120811 The Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission's "208" program has as its major goal the development of a plan that is cost effective, implementable, and economically, socially, and environmentally sound. Also a management system for implementing the plan will be developed. To meet these goals NIRPC is directing an intensive public participation program, the objective of which is to assure public input during the planning phase so that final plan will be acceptable. The next major phase of the program is to develop options that may be used in meeting the 1983 goals. Projected date of completion is March, 1977. By May of 1977, plans should be developed for subareas within the Region, with area-wide plans being formulated by August. Adoption of the final plan is scheduled for November. 121- Conclusions Based on the findings of the initial phase of the 208 program, certain conclusions have been reached. While water quality in study areas has improved in recent years, it still remains a problem in comparison with applicable standards. An active and responsible program on behalf of the industrial, municipal and private wastewater treatment plants, to improve the quality of effluent discharges into the receiving streams in the study area should prove to be beneficial for the reduction of pollution. This can be accomplished by the following: expansion of facilities to prevent overloaded conditions; addition of advanced treatment processes to treat constituents otherwise not removed in the primary and secondary treatment; providing trained and certified operators to assure the proper operation and maintenance of plant units; providing or securing.labora- tory services to test the necessary parameter required to determine plant operation and efficiency. On the other hand, an active and responsible program on behalf of the enforcing agencies to prepare proper and realistic standards with an efficient program of testing and enforcement should pro vide the often missing link in improving water quality. In addition, the implementation of a viabl@ area-wide waste treatment management plan will insure that the water quality in this 208 study area will continue to im- prove during the next few years to allow the achievement of the 1983 goals of the Act. -122- AIR QUALITY In 1970 Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which established the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS@. Section 110 of the Act requi'red states to submit a State Impleme htation Plan (SIP) detail ing each state's strategy to bring air quality into compliance with the NAAQS. The Indiana State Board of Health-Air Pollutton Control Division (APCD) submitted.a SIP which was approved in 1973.. This plan established air quality standards and procedures for meeting the NAAQS. Implementation of the SIP is aided on the local level by city ail, quality:agencies that monitor major sources of pollution and issue permits to industries. Recent activities and results* of these agencies and the State APCD are summarized in this chapter. Other information includes climatic conditions which have an effect on air pollution, major sources of pollution, and a brief summary of the Region's air quality. Gary Air Pollution Control Division During 1976 the Engineering.Division of 'the Gary APCD completed an Emission Inventory for major sources M. poll-ution. This ihV-ehtory hel PSI staff members determine whether Gary city standards are sufficient, to meet NAAQS. Gary's APCD used its enforcement program to bring three area companies into compliance,with their permit O'locations. The Technical Services Division completed'ah inventory of suspended particulatest sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide,which indicated a reduction of suspended.. particulates during the first six months of 1-9.76. Gary,'s air quality has generally improved. The total pollutants standard for the city is 75 micrograms per cubic me ter. In 1965 total pollutants equalled 170. By 1970 that was reduced to 101; and by the end of 1975, total pollutants were down to 76.8 micrograms per cubit 'meter. -123- Hammond Air Pollution Control Division During 1975 and the first six months of 1976, three of Hammond'$. six air quality sampling sites were in compliance with the primary air quality standards for particulates and nitrogen dioxides. Sulfur dioxide complied with primary and secondary standards. The Hammond agency maintains an inspection program that includes regular on-site inspections of all sources of pollution over 100 tons and daily sur- veillance patrols. On-site testing fo r specific parameters is conducted. In 1976 tests for hydrocarbons were conducted at five locations. East Chicago Air Pollution Contrdl Division Several improvements in industrial treatment of em4ssions were brought about by the East Chicago APCD enforcement program. Inland Steel tompleted the installation of jumper pipes on all coke oven batteries@-. Inland Steel's Coke Battery B, one of the major sources of pollution in East Chicago, was taken out of service in compliance with an agreement between the company and local and state agencies. Other industrial improvements include a major repairand rehabilitation.of the Basic Oxygen Furnace at Lykes Corporation, installation of equipment to control emissions from the open hearth operation at Blaw Knox, and installation 6f jumper pipes on all existing batteri es at Lykes Corporation. Improvements have also been made in East Chicago's monitoring program. An ozone monitor was put into.operation after a major overhaul, and problems with sulfur dioxide monitoring have been eliminated. State Board of Health Air lollution Control Division The State Board of Health APCD oversees the operations of local agencies and directs all permit and enforcement procedures outside of Hammond and -124- East Chicago. The State's monitoring program is currently being ex-- panded to provide more.accurate data to aid in determi ni ng permi t allocations and enforcing them. APCD enforcement program has resulted in'the installation of a sulfur dioxide scrubber system at NIPSCO's Mitchell plant. This system use@'low sulfur coal which results in sulfur dioxide'.1evels being, in compliance for the Mitchell plant's emission allocations@. U.S. Steel has also im- proved controls for emissions'fr',om their coke"-6vens.: Tests on stack emissions from NIPSCO's Bailly plant were recently conducted and are being evaluated for possible control improvements. Major Sources Of Air Pollution The dominating industries in northwestern Indiana are,,steel,mills and oil refineries and their supporting industries, all of which are major sources of air pollution. The 1970 emission survey for the State Implementation Plan indicates the following number of industries in each category; Steel Foundries, Mills or Primary Metals Industries - 12 Chemical Plants - 9 Petroleum Industries - Power Plants 3 Cement Plant 1 Another major source is mobile pollutants of transportation. However, this source's simulated emistions data for northwestern Indiana indicate that the-1975 system emitted less poll'tants than the State-Implementation Plan allows transportation to radiate. These figures are based on actual 1969 data and were calculated in conjunction with an eval uation of the 1995 Transportation System Plan. -125- 11a TABLE MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS Existing Network Tons/Year S.I.P. Simulation CO 270,856 182,208 HC 38,832 22,849 NO 36,018 19,382 Source: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, 1975 Air Quality Assessment of the 1995 Transportation System Plan, 1975 .Table 11a shows the State Implementation Plan's standards and the simulated data for Northwest Indiana regarding carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitro- gen dioxide parameters. Summary Of_Air Quality In Northwest Indiana Table 11b on the following page shows the amount of particulates, sulfur dioxide-, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen dioxides emitted in 1970. Unfortunately, these totals cannot be compared to state sta,@dards because they are expressed in tons per year, and the standards are expressed in micrograms per cubic meter. Converting the standards and the pollutant measurements to. a common factor would involve one of two methods: 1);-an expensive computer modeling process which may be undertaken by the State Board of Health-APCD in the future, or; 2) comparing daily pollutant-measurements which are not available for the five pollutants with the existing,.standards. However, the data as presented does describe the types and amounts of- pollutants detected in the region and characterizes emissions from specific sources. -126- TABLE 11b 1970 EMISSION INVENTORY SUMMARY NORTHWESTERN INDIANA Pollutants in Tons/Year Particulate so2 Co 11C NO Fuel Combustion Steam Electric Power (P) 7 4.2 1 2412.91 1912 1010 63060 Commercial-Industrial (P.) 49966 195772 504 3083 32370. Area,,Sources (A) 14691 17283 1814 785 5154 Process Losses CheT&cal (P) 217 10900 7q Petroleum (P) 2210 33086 263623 8932 3837 Mineral Products (P) 143307 10877 30 50. 40 Metallurgical (P) 150192 3728 67888 15986 165 Other (P) 6110 - - 1648 - Solvent Evaporation (A) 9500 Solid Waste Disposal On-Site lnc@ner- ation. (P) 17 2 23 17 2 Open Burning Dumps (A) 5087 318 27023 9537 1907' Transportation Motor Vehicle (Gasoline) (A) 1149.,. 696 363715 59865 34457 Motor Vehicle (Diesel) (A) 236 424 3063 613 3205 Railroad (A) 182 472 509 363 545 Gasoline Handling Evaporation' (A) 1253 Total Point 359440 495696 333980 .30805 99474 Total Area 21345 19193 396124 81916 45268 GRAND TOTAL 380785 514849 730104 -112721 .144742 (A) = Area Source (P) = Point ource Source: The Stat e of Indiana, Air PollutiDD-&-ontrol Implementa&ion Plam, Vol. 1 11 -:127.- Particulate emissions in the region totalled 380,785 tons per year. Industrial process losses accounted for 79 percent of the total, and power generating plants produced only 2 percent. Fuel combustion sources including power plants emitted 19 percent of total particulates. Sulfur dioxide emissions amounted to a total of 514,849 tons per year and power plants produced 46 percent of the total. Industrial and commercial fuel combustion sources ex- cluding power plants caused 42 percent of the total sulfur dioxide. Air,pollution as carbon monoxide totalled 730,104 tons per year; the major source categories were process losses with 45 percent and trans- portation with 50 percent. Nitrogen oxide emission from all categories amounted to 144,742 tons in 1970 with power plants and transportation as the major source categories with 44 percent and 26 percent of the total N021 respectively. Total hydrocarbons were 112,721 tons with 32 percent coming from process losses and 55 percent from transporta- tion sources. Lake County produced almost all the region's pollution for any category. Photochemical oxidents. are another,meas.ure of air quality, but data. on these parameters is not available. Photochemical oxidents are smog pro-ducts that result from the union of some compounds with oxygen. Other: toxic substances which have been identified are lead, beryllium, arsenic and asbestos. None of these have been found in any appreciable amount in this area. Because of the inability to compare these statistics with-standards that are designed to prevent physically harmful effects, no definite con- clusions can be drawn about the effects of these levels on the quality of life in northwest Indiana. Generally, too high a level of sulfur dioxide _128- can irritate. the upper respiratory tract, and damage plant life. Extremely high concentrations of hydrocarbons are harmful to humans, but such con.- centrations (even if they do exist) are untikely to stay in the atmosphere long enough to be poisonous. Nitrogen dioxide is a colored pollutant which can affect vision if present in sufficiently high levels. There is some indication that this pollutant can be harmful to human, 1ungs. The most commonly known photochemical oxident is ozone. High levels ofit can cause cou ghing, choking, headache an d severe fatigue as well as damage to plants. As more knowledge about the levels of air pollutants that cause damage is developed, a more definitive analysis of the Region s air qu;@lity will be possible. Climate And It's Affects The annualaverage rainfall for northwestern Indiana is 37.45 inches. The average temperature is 50.30F. Prevailing winds are generally westerly in flow, with an average speed of 10.3 miles per hour. As mentioned in the Water Quality Chapter,rain can "wash" air pollutants down into the lakes,, rivers and streams in the area thereby compounding the water quality problem. Another influence of the local climate is the effect that the lake bireeze @has on air pollution. Called a 'climatic anomoly',the lake breeze occurs main- ly.during the warm season daytime when the prevailing winds are light and the land is warmer than Lake Michigan. When a breeze blows inland from over the lake, it is cooled by the relatively cold lake water. This cooler air traps the warmer land air, causing an "inversion" which means air pollution is trapped over the area instead of dispersing with the breeze. When an inversion occurs, pollution leVels increase and compounds any affect they normally have. This is what caused the ozone alerts that the Region experienced last summer. A de- tailed explanation of this climatic anomoly is include d in Appendix H APPENDIx A BACKGROUND INFORMATION: DEMOGRAPHICS AND INCOME A-1 'HISTORICAL POPULATION STATISTICS STATE:@70F INDIANA 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 5,193,669 45662,498 3 934,224 3,427,796 3,238,503 2,930,390 2,700,876. 2,516,462 GARY-HAMMOND SMSA 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 633,367 573,548 408,228 321"0131 284,131 180,213 103,404 57,067 ,LAKE COUNTY 1970 1960 1950 1930 1920 1910 1900 IfOTAL .546,253 513,269 368311"62, 293,195 261,310 .159,957 82,864 37,852 ( ALUMET 215,940 210,844 150,258 119,458 103,268 55,790 17,982 1,408 ENTER 21,946 17,184 11,047 6,804 5,540 4,312 3,602 3,372 OBART 40,825 39,223 21,871 12,472 9,135 5,621 3,729 2,718 NORTH 203,480 204,101 162,157 139,602 132,752 84,743 48,361 @21,020 toss 28,845 14,854 3,482 1,996 1,440 1,434 1,542 T. JOHN 16,829 12,282 5,799 3,468 2,105 1,778 1,M6 1,765 PORTER COUNTY 1970 1960 1950 1940 1-030 1920 1910 1900 ITOTAL 87 . 114 60,279 40,076 27,836 22,821 20,256 20,540 19,175 ,CENTER. 25,191 19,422 15,490 10,486 .9,287 7,422 7,971 7,222 IJACKSON 1,540 965 78'1 715 656 741 894 938 LIBERTY .3,260 2,439 1,666 1,267 1,009 888 881 817 FPINE 3,098 3,052 2,154 911 686 468 @564 634 PORTAGE @28,371 13,724 5,501 2,647 1,343 984 959 11014 UNION 2,077 19741 1,341 1,005 909 973 1,069 938 IWESTCHESTER 13,652 10 899 6,827 3,817 3,817 3,319 2,953 2'.:445- ource: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. lqno-1970.. PER CAPITA INCOME STATISTICS 1972 ESTIMATES LAKE COUNTY PORTER COUNTY TOTAL $ 3,785 TOTAL $ 4,033 CALUMET 3,405 CENTER 4,368 CENTER 3,889 JACKSON 4,372 HOBART 3,755 LIBERTY 4,374 NORTH 4,050 PINE 3,973 ROSS 4,457 PORTAGE 3,765 ST. JOHN 3,921 UNION 3,588 WESTCHESTER 4,239 STATE OF'INDIANA GARY-HAMMOND SMSA TOTAL $ 3,010 TOTAL 3,172, Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County and City Data Book, 1972. A-3 APPENDIX B STATE BOARD OF HEALTH POPULATION FORECASTS CZM TO WNSHIP POPULATION FORECASTS CZM TOWNSHIP EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS A-4 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH POPULATION FORECASTS STATE OF INDIANA 1970 1980 1990 2000 5,193,669 5,575,400 6,086,600 6,582,100 GARY HAMMOND SMSA 1970 1980 1990 2000 633,400 666,900 719,500 767,000 LAKE COUNTY 1970 1980 1990 2000 546,300 559,100 578i8oo 585,700 PORTER COUNTY 1970 1980 1990 2000 - 87,100 107,800 140,700 181,300 1975 CEN8US POPULATTON ESTIMATES GARY-HAMMOND SMSA 640,400 A-5 POPULATION PROJECTIONS LAKE COUNTY 1970 1980 1990 2000 TOTAL 546,253 589,000 642,550 681,100 CALUMET 215,94Q 2329400 240,700 CENTER 21,946 30,700 345150 35,200 HOBART 40,825 44,650 46,650 50,300 NORTH 203,480 210,950 218,255 221,100 ROSS 28,845 35,950 47,850 52,600 ST. JOHN 16,829 23,950 34,850 46,200 PORTER COUNTY 1970 1980 1990 2000 TOTAL 87,114 108,700 130,450 150,700 CENTER 25,191 30,850 36,950 41,750 JACKSON 1,540 25 300 3,400 4,500 LIBERTY 3,260 4,850 7,550 10,500 PINE 3,098 3,200 3,300 3,450 PORTAGE 28,371 35,850 39,700 435300 UNION 2,077 2,550 3,250 31,900 WESTCHESTER 13,652 17,050 21,600 25,950 Source;. Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Comission A-6 NON-FARM INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS LAKE COUNTY Township, Manufac- Service and and year turing T.C.U. Trade F.I.R.E. Government Other CALUMET 1980 41,770 5,935 13,490 9,810 10,240 6,355 1990 44,520 6,085, 14,365 10,535 10,815 6,480 2000 46,820 6,085 15,040 11,550 11,365 6,840 CENTER 1980 275 395 1,050 2,210 425 145 1990 500 395 1,200 3,300 525 230 2000 600 395 1,925 4,025 575 280 HOBART 1980 .150 375 1,505 1,445 1 230 495 1990 150 375 1,720 1,735 1,280 740 2000 200 375 1,795 1,750 IX5 775, NORTH 1980 63,020 7,160 16,795 11,955 7,840 9,630 1990 68,045 7,170 17,820 -12,515 7,865 9,735 2000 72,445 7,195 17,995 12,915 8,065 10,185 ROSS -T-980 1,375 00 5,440 3,950 1,695 590 1990 3,275 00 5,990 6,150 1,695 540 2010 4,575 00 7,661 7,675 1,695 140 ST. JOHN 1980 270 80 2,255 1,960 550 285 1990 1,370 105 3,655 2,385 550 235 2000 2,670 105 4,705 3,085 775 410 PORTER COUNTY CENTER -T-980 2,670 545 4,220 5,265 910 490 1990 2,870 545 5,895 6,010 1,085 195 2000 .3,470 5415 7,225 6,600 1,110 150 JACKSON '9'0 00 00 30 45 25 00 1990 00 00 80 45 25 00 2000 00 00 125 50 25 00 LIBERTY 1980 25 30 20 50 50 25 1990 50 30 70 50 50 25 2000 175 30 70 50 50 25 PINE 1980 00 60 35 30 00 00 1990 00 60 35 30 00 00 2000 00 60 35 30 00 00 PORTAGE 1980 3,910 670 1,510 870 760 280 1990 6,910 1,070 1,985 1,070 860 305 2.000 91910 1,770 2,535 1,120 860 305 UNION 1910 25 01 15 21 40 00 1990 25 00 25 25 50 00 2000 25 00 25 25 55 20 WESTCHESTER 1980 10,045 405 2,040 1,100 930 380 1990 li,845 405 2,390, 1,450 1,030 380 2000 16,045 405 3',090 2,100 1,130 230 SOURCE: Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, Small Area Population and Employment Forecasts for Northwestern Indiana, 1975 A-7 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTYi LAKE TOWNSHIPt.. CALUMET Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES Gary Land Company Office E. 4th Ave. & Pennsylvania, Gary Doll House Fire Station W. 5th Ave. & Pierce, Gary Gateway Park Broadway & 4th Ave., Gary Marquette Park Miller Milk Station Miller Ave. & Lake St., Gary Prarie School Style House 600 Filmore St., Gary LIBRARIES Gary Public Library (Main Office) 220 W. 5th Ave., Gary Alcott Branch 703 E. 21st. Ave., Gary Bailey Branch 1501 Madison St., Gary Brunswick Branch 4435 Tri-City Plaza Kennedy Branch 3953 Broadway Roosevelt Branch 610 W. 25th Ave. Tolleston Branch 1113 Taft St. Wildermuth Branch 301 S. Lake St. Griffith Branch-Lake County Public Library 940 N. Broad St., Griffith Black Oak Branch-Lake County Public Library 5921 W. 25th Ave.. 41st Ave.Branch-Lake County Public Library 3491 W. 41st Ave. A-9 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: CENTER Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES Lake County Court House Crown Point Ye Old Homestead. 227 S. Court St., Crown Point Solon Robinson Memorials 21 W. Court & 105 N. Court, Crown Point LIBRARIES Crown Point Public Library 214 S. Court St., Crown Point MUSEUMS Ye Old Homestead 227 S. Court St., Crown Point A-10 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: HOBART Type of Facility Name Location LIBRARIES East Gary Branch-Lake County Public Library 2,400 Central Ave., East Gary Hobart Branch-Lake County Public Library 100 Main St., Hobart New Chicago Branch-Lake County Public Library Michigan & Huber Blvd., New Chicago MUSEUM Hobart Historical Society Museum 706 E. 4th St., Hobart A-11 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COU NTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: NORTH Type of Facility Name Location. ART GALLERY Art Center Kennedy & Chicago Avenues, East Chicago HISTORICAL SITES Site of First Blast Furnace, Inland Steel 3210 Watling, East Chicago Forest Avenue 165th to Little Calumet, Hammond First Mayor's House 229 Ogden St., Hammond Little Red School House Hessville Park, Hammond Monument of 1821 State Line & Lake Michigan, Hammond: Meat Packing Pl.ant Site,. East of State Line Ave., Hammond Oldest House 3 Sibley Blvd., Hammond LIBRARIES E. Chgo.Library, Main Office 2401 E. Columbus Ave. Baring Avenue Branch Chicago & Baring Ave., East Chicago Calumet Branch 4751 Alexander St., East Chicago Grand Blvd. Branch 3601 Grand Blvd., East Chicago Hammond Public Library, Main Office 564 State St., Hammond Brooks House Branch 1047 Conkey St.-j Hammond Hansen Branch 2823 Martha St., Hammond Harrison Park Branch 436 Conkey St., Hammond Howard Branch 7047 Grand Ave., Hammond Jefferson Branch 6940 Northcote Ave., Hammond Keeler Branch 4807 Oak Ave., Hammond Lincoln Branch 4221 Towle Ave., Hammond Riley Branch 1245 River Drive, Hammond Rupp Branch 847 - 117th St., Hammond Sawyer Branch 649 Mulberry St., Hammond Wilson Branch 1317 - 173rd St., Hammond Highland. Branch -Lake County Public Library 2841 Jewett St., Highland Munster Branch-Lake County Public Library ' 8701 Calumet Ave.,.Munster. Whiting Public Library 1735 Oliver St., Whiting A-12 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: -ROSS Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES McGwinn's Indian Village 276 E. 68th Pl., Merrillville Deep River-Woods Mill Rt. 330, Ross Township . , Woodrabe Cemetary County Line Rd., Ross Township LIBRARIES Merrillville Branch-Lake County Public Library 70 E. 68th Pl., Merrillville Independence,Hill Branch- Lake County Public Library 7985 Marshall St., Merrillville Lake County Reference Library 1919 W. Lincoln Highway, Merrillville A-13 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: ST. JOHN Type of Facility Name Locati on HISTORICAL SITES ideal Sect. of Highway on U.S.30, Dyer 15 Mi. W. of U.S. 41 First Church Building 9400 Wicker Ave., St. John LIBRARIES Dyer Branch-Lake County Public Library 2005 Hart St., Dyer St. John Branch-Lake County Public Library 9450 Wicker Ave., St. John Schererville Branch-Lake County Public Library 121 E. Joliet St., Schererville A-14 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: CENTER Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES Memorial Opera House 122 E. Indiana Ave., Valparaiso Old County Jail 102 E. Indiana Ave., Valparaiso Porter County Courthouse Valparaiso Sauk Trail Marker Michigan St., Valparaiso Valparaiso University, Old Campus College & Freeman St.,.Valparaiso LIBRARIES Porter County Public Library 107 Jefferson, Valparaiso Valparaiso Public Library 107 Jefferson, Valparaiso MUSEUM Porter County Historical Museum-Old.County Jail 102 E. Indiana, Valparaiso OPERA HOUSE Civic Opera House 651 College Ave., Valparaiso A-15 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: JACKSON Type of Facility Name Location 'HISTORICAL SITES Charles Osborn's Grave Quakerdom Cemetery Tratebus Mill (Long Mill) Tratebus Road,,250 East Road A-16 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: LIBERTY Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES Butternut Spring 175 West Road & 650 North Road A-17 INVENTORY.OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: PINE Type of Facility Name Location NO FACILITIES A-18 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY',"AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: PORTAGE Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES Wolf Homestead 450 West Road & 700 North Road LIBRARIES Portage Branch-Porter County Public Library Portage Mall A-19 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: UNION Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES Huffman's Mill 750 West Road A-20 INVENTORY OF CULTURAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: WESTCHESTER Type of Facility Name Location HISTORICAL SITES Bailey Homestead Howe Rd. & U.S. 20, Westchester Twp. Ecology Coves Indiana Dunes State Park, Westchester Twp. Little Fort Marker S.R. 49, Westchester Twp. LIBRARIES Chesterton Branch-Westchester Twp. Public Library 125 2nd St. Porter Branch-Westchester Twp. Public Library 305 Franklin A-21 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES A-22 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: CALUMET Municipality Type of School Name Location Gary Public Aetna Elementary 1327 Arizona Ambridge Elementary 370 Rutledge Bailey Jr. High School 4621 Georgia Banneker Elementary 1912 W. 23rd Ave. Bethune Elementary 2367 E. 21st Ave. Beveridge Elementary 1234 Cleveland Bilingual Education Center 640 Jefferson Brunswick Elementary 5701 W. 7th Ave. George W. Carver School 2535 Virginia Chase Elementary 711 Chase Douglas Elementary 2700 Jackson Drew Elementary 2065 Mississippi Dunbar Elementary 917 E. 17th Ave. Duncan Elementary 1110 W. 21st Ave. Early Learning Center 1320 E. 19th Ave. Edison Elementary W 5th Ave. & Burr Emerson High School 716 E. 7th Ave. Benjamin Franklin Elementary 600 E. 35th Ave. Froebel School W 15th Ave.& Madison Garnett School 2131 Jackson Gary Tech. Vocational School 1800 E. 35th Ave. Horace Mann High School 524 Garfield Glen Park Elementary 3910 Broadway, Ivanhoe Elementary 5700 W. 15th Ave. Jefferson Intermediate 640 Jefferson Jefferson School 601 Jefferson, Kennedy-King School 301 Park Duny Elementary 5050 Vermont Lew Wallace High School 415 W. 45th Ave. Lincoln Elementary 1988 Polk Locke Elementary 3757 W. 21st Ave. Marquette Elementary 6401 Hemlock Martin Luther King High School 1616 Broadway Melton Elementary 4581 Filmore Miller Elementary 665 S. Lake Street Nobel Elementary 8837 Pottowatami Trail Norton Elementary 1356 Harrison B.lvd. Pittman Square Elemen Itary 4948 Delaware Pulaski School 1867 Georgia Ernie Pyle Elementary @2545 W. 19th Ave. James Whitcomb Riley Elem. 1301 E'. 43rd Ave. T. Roosevelt High School 730 W. 28th Ave. Spaulding Elementary 660 Rhode Island Tolleston School 1700 Taney* Vohr Elementary 1900 W. 7th Ave. George Washington Elem. 13th Ave. & Wright Daniel Webster Elementary 3720 Pierce Street West Side High School W. 9th Ave. & Gerry St. Daniel Williams Elementary 1320 E. 19th Ave. Wirt School 210 N. Grand Blvd. A-23 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: CALUMET Municipality Type of School Name Location Gary Private Holy Angels Cathedral School 975 W. 6th Ave. (Catholic) Holy Family School .3721 Delaware St Holy Rosary School 725 Clark.'Road Holy Trinity School 423 W. 12th Ave. St. Hedwig School 1724 Pennsylvania St. St. Joseph the Worker School 4460 Delaware St. St. Mark School 511 W. Ridge Road St. Mary of the Lake School 6070 Miller Ave. St. Monica School 2254 Adams St.. (Non-Catholic) Seventh Day Advantist School 70 W. 46th Ave. Special Schools Lake County Assoc. for Retarded Children (school) 2650 W. 35th Ave. Trade Winds Rehabilitation Center, Inc. (school) 5901.W. 7th Ave. Colleges I ndiana University NW 3400 Broadway. Griffith Public Beirider Elem. School 600 N. Lillian Eldon Ready Elementary 1345 N. Broad St. Franklin Elementary 200 N. Broad St. Griffith Jr. High School 600 N. Raymond Griffith Sr. High School 600 N. Wiggs Wadsworth Elementary 600 N. Jay Private St. Mary School 525 N. Broad St. (Catholic) Unincorporated Area Public Black Oak Elementary 2900 Burr Calumet High School 3900 Calhoun Dulles Elementary 5700 W. .23rd Ave. Grissom Elementary 7201 W. 25th Ave. Hossford Park Elementary 4735 Arthur- Lake Jr. High School 3601 W. 41st Ave. Longfellow'.Elementary 45th Ave. & Calhoun Ridge Jr. High School 6111 W. Ridge Road Private Calumet Baptist School 47th & Whitcomb Gary Lutheran . 1150 W. 49th Ave. Blessed Sacrament School (Catholic) 4101 Garfield St. Ann School (Catholic) 6001 W. 25th Ave. A-24 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: CENTER Municipality Type of School Name Location Crown Point Public Douglas McArthur S chool Fairbanks.1 129th Ave. (cedar Lake) Crown Point High School 400 W. Joliet St. Lake Street Elementary 475 Lake Street Timothy Ball School E. North & East St. Robt. A. Taft Jr. High School 1000 S. Main St. Solon Robinson School Wells & Pettibone South Ward Elementary 311 S. Court St. Private St. Mary School (Catholic) 405 E. Joliet St., Trinity Lutheran 250 S. Indiana Ave'. Uni ncorporated Area Special Lake County Assoc. for Schools Retarded Children 2150 W. 128th Ave., A-25 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: HOBART Municipality Type of School Name Location East Gary Public Alexander Hamilton Elem. 2900 Lake St. Carl J. Polk School 2460 Vermillion Central Elementary 2620 Pike Edison Sr. High School 3304 Parkside Virgil I. Bailey Elem. 2100 Union Edison Jr. High School 2540 Pike Private St. Francis Xavier (Catholic), 2453 Putnam St. Hobart Public Foreman Elementary. 301 E. 10th St. George Earle Elementary 400 N. Wilson Liberty Elementary 130 N.,Liberty Mundell Elementary 52 N. Wisconsin Ridge View Elementary 3333 W. Ridge Road Hobart Jr. High School 705 E. 4th St. Hobart Sr. High School 36 E. 8th St. Private St. Bridget School (Catholic) 107 Main St. Trinity Lutheran School Hobart New Chicago Public John Ivan Meister Elementary 33rd & Jay St. River Forest Elementary Indiana St. & Huber Blvd. River Forest High School Indiana St. & Huber Blvd. River Forest Jr. High School Indiana St. & Huber.Blvd. Special Schools Cerebral Palsy of Northwest Indiana, Inc. 22 Tyler St. A-26 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: NORTH Municipality Type of School Name Location East Chicago Public Abraham Lincoln Elementary 1908 E. 136 th St. Benjamin Franklin School 4215 Alder St. Benjamin Harrison Elementary 4406 Indianapolis Blvd. George Washington High School 1611 E. 140th St. James Whitcomb Riley Elem. 3810 Elm St. Joseph L. Block Jr. H-.S. 2700 Cardinal Dr. Carrie Gosch Elementary 455 E. 148th St. Columbus Elementary 712 E. Columbus Dr. Eugene Field Elementary 3551 Block Ave. George Washington Elem. 1610 E. Columbus Dr. Mark Town Elementary 3005 Spruce St. Roxanna Addition School 5636 Magoun St. Theodore Roosevelt H.S. 4020 Indianapolis Blvd. William McKinley Elem. 4825 Magoun St. Private Holy Trinity School (Catholic) 4742 Carey St. Immaculate Conception School (Catholic) 4860 Olcott Ave. Indiana Harbor Caltholic Elem. 3916 Pulaski St. St. Mary School (Catholic) 820 W. 144th St. St. Stanislaus School (Catholic) 4940 Indianapolis Blvd. Colleges Indiana University NW. 3901 Indianapolis Blvd. Hammond Public Columbia Elementary 1238 Michigan St. Thomas Edison Elem. 7025 Madison Ave. Benjamin Franklin School 1649 Indianapolis Blvd. Gavit Jr.& Sr. H.S. 175th & Northcote Ave. George Rogers Clark School 1921 Davis Hammond High School 5926 Calumet Ave. .Henry Eggers Middle School 5825 Blaine Ave. Warren Harding Schoo-I 3211 E. 165th St. Washington Irving Elem. 4727 Pine Ave. James Whitcomb Riley Elem. 1245 River Drive,North Thomas Jefferson Elementary 6940 Northcote Kenwood Elementary 6416 Hohman Ave. Lafayette Elementary 862 Sibley Blvd. Lee Caldwell Elementary 3105 E.173rd Street Lincoln Elementary 4221 Towle Ave. Maywood Elementary 6040 Howard Ave, Miller Elementary 6530 New Hampshire Ave. Morton Elementary 7006 Marshall Ave. Morton Middle School 7040 Marshall Ave. Morton Senior High School 6915 Grand Ave. Orchard Drive Elementary 3640 Orchard Drive Gene Stratton Porter Elem. 2321 E..171st Street Riverside Elementary 741 MIchigan Street Scott Middle School 3635 E. 173rd Street A.,L. Spohn Middle School 4925 Sohl Ave. A-27 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY LAKE TOWNSHIP NORTH Municipality Type of School Name Location Hammond Public Technical-Vocational 5727 Sohl Ave. Lew Wallace Elementary 736 Conkey St. Washington Elementary 41 Williams St. Woodrow Wilson Elementary 1317 E. 173rd Street Private St. Paul's Lutheran Schoof 5848 Erie'St. Hammond Baptist Grade School 70O.Sibley Blvd. (Catholic) Our Lady of Perpetual Help 7128 Arizona Ave. St. Casimir School 4329 Cameron Ave. St. Catherine of Siena 6525 Kentucky Ave. St. John Bosco School 1247 E. 171st Place Bishop Noll Institute 1519 Hoffman St. Colleges Purdue University-Calumet Campus 2233 E. 171st St. Calumet College 2400 New York Ave., Highland Public Highland High School 9135 Erie St. Highland Jr. High 2941 - 41st Ave. Judith M. Johnston Elementary 2945 Grand Blvd. Lincoln Elementary 2450 Lincoln Ave. Mildred Merkley Elementary 5th & 42nd Ave. Orchard Park Elementary 8720 Orchard Ave. Southridge Elementary 9221 Johnston.,St. Allen J. Warren Elementary 2901-100th St. Private Our Lady of Grace (Catholic) 3025 Highway Ave. Highland Christian School 3040 Ridge Road Special School Lake CountiAssociation for Retarded Children 9600 Kennedy Ave. Munster Public James B. Eads School 8001 Harrison Ernest R. Elliot School 8718 White Oak 'Frank H. Hammond School 1301 Franklin Parkway Lanier School 1040 Ridge Road Munster Sr. High School 88b8 Columbia Wilbur Wright Middle High Sch. 8824 Columbia Private St. Thomas Moore School(Catholic) 8501 Calumet Ave.. Whiting Public Primary McGregor School 1831 Oliver Whiting Jr. & Sr. High School 1800 New York Whiting South Side School 2640 White Oak Ave. A-28 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY Lake TOWNSHIP NORTH Location Municipality Type of School Name (Catholic) thiting Private Immaculate Conception School 2022 Schrage Ave. Sacred Heart School 1717 LaPorte Ave. St. Adalbert School 2118 Indpls. Blvd. St. John the Baptist Sc,hool 1844 Lincoln Ave. A-29 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY LAKE TOWNSHIP ROSS Municipality Type of School Name Location terrillville Public Henry P. Fieler School 407 W. 61st Ave. Harrison Jr. High School 1400 W. 61st Ave. Homer Iddings Elementary 7249 Van Buren St. Jonas E. Saulk Elementary 3001 West 77th Ave. Merrillville Sr. High School 276 East 68th Ave. Edgar L. Miller School 5901 Waite Pierce Jr. High School 199 E. 70th Place Private. (Catholic) Andrean High School 5959 Broadway Aquinas Elementary 801 W. 73rd Ave. St. Michael School 557 W. 57th Ave. S.S. Peter and Paul School 5855 Harrison St. 'knincorpor- ated Area John Wood Elementary 6100 East 73rd Ave. -A-30 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY LAKE TOWNsHip-ST. JOHN flunicipality Type of School Name Location t er Public Kohler Middle School 534 Joliet St. y Roscoe Protsman 1121 Harrison St. Private St. Joseph School (Catholic) 432 Joliet St.. Ist. John Public Kolling Elementary School 8400 Wicker Ave. Lake Central High School 8400 Wicker Ave. I Private St. John Evangelist (Catholic) 9400 Wicker Ave. chererville Public Homan Elementary East Joliet St. Peiser Elementary Cline Ave. Private Hammond Baptist High School 134 Joliet St. Baptist City Grade School 134 Joliet St. St. Michael School (Catholic) 16 W. Wilhelm College Hyles-Anderson College 134 W. Joliet St. A-31 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZ'M STUDY AREA COUNTY PORTER TOWNSHIP CENTER ..Municipality Type of School Name Location Valparaiso Public Central Elementary 305 Franklin St. Cook's Corner Elementary 358 Bulls-Eye Lake Road Benjamin Franklin Jr. High School 605 Campbell Rd. Thomas Jefferson Jr. High School 1600 Roosevelt Rd. Thomas Jefferson Elementary 1700 Roosevelt Rd. Memorial Elementary Park & Milton Northview Elementary 257 Northview Drive Parkview Elementary 1405 Wood St Valparaiso High School 2727 North Campbell Private St. Paul School (Catholic) Chicago & Academy Sts. Emmanuel Lutheran School 1700 N. Monticello Special Porter County Special Education Schools Cooperative School 605 Beech St. Porter County Association for Reta@rded Children (School) 816Union St. Colleges Valparaiso.University 651 College Ave. Valparaiso Technical Institute West Chestnut Unincorporated Area Public Flint Lake Elementary Special Hayes-Leonard Elementary School 8hults-Lewis Children's Home and School, Inc. County, Road 1.50 East A-32 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY PORTER TOWNSHIP JACKSON n Municipality Type of School Name Location Unincorporated Area Public Jackson School. County Road 400 East A-33 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY PORTER TOWNSHIP LIBERTY Municipality Type of School Name Location Unincorporated Area Liberty Middle School 900 North Road Liberty Elementary 900 North Road A-34 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY PORTER TOWNSHIP PINE unicipality Type of School Name Location Beverly Shores Public Beverly Shores Elementary Marine Avenue lines Public Pine Elementary Brown Road A-35 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY PORTER TOWNSHIP PORTAGE 0runicipality Type of School Name Location Portage Public Portage High School 5962 Central Ave. Wallace Ayl.esworth Jr. High School 5910 Central Ave. William Fegely Jr. High School 5384 Stone Ave. Crisman Elementary 2240 Crisman Rd. Central Elementary 2825 Russell St. Ethel R. Jones Elementary 2734 McCool Rd. Garyton Elementary 5391 Central Ave. Rowena Kyle Elementary 2701 Hamstrom Rd. George L. Myers Elementary 3100 E. Willowdale Private Nativity of Our Savior School Willowcreek Road (Catholic) nincorporated Public Grissom.Middle School @U.S. 6 & Airport Rd. South Haven Elementary 395 W. Midway.Drive Paul Saylor Elementary 'Midway & Devonshire A-36 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY PORTER TOWNSHIP UNION A unicipality Type of School Name Location Unincorporated rea Public Wheeler Jr. & Sr. High School Wheeler Union Center Elementary 600 West Road A-37 INVENTORY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY PORTER TOWNSHIP-WESTCHESTER Municipality Type of School Name Location Beverly Shores Public BeVerly Shores Elementary Marine Ave. thesterton Public Chesterton Senior High School 700 W. Morgan Westchester Middle School 1050 S. 5th St. Bailly Elementary 800 S. 5th St. Brummitt Elementary 600 W. Morgan Private St. Patrick,School (Catholic) N. Calumet Rd. Fairhaven Christian Academy E. Oakhill Rd. & S.R. 49 Porter Public Newton Yost Elementary Sherman & Beam Streets A-38 APPENDIX D -INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES A-39 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL-FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: CALUMET Type of Facility Facility Location Golf Courses Gleason Park North Harrison & 32nd Ave., Gary Gleason Park South 34th & Jefferson Ave., Gary Colonial Golf Center, Inc. 1901 N. Cline Ave., Griffith Calumet Golf Club 3920 W. Ridge Road Parks Aetna Park Gary Aetna Playground Gary Borman Park Gary Brunswick Park Gary Buffington Park Gary Carolina Park Gary Duneland Park Gary East Glen Park Field Gary Gateway Park Gary Georgetown Park Gary Hatcher Park 'Gary Howe Park Gary Idle Hour Playground Gary Indian Boundary & Randolph Playground Gary Ironwood Park Gary Jackson Park Gary Knox Park Gary MannBridge Park Gary Marquette Park Gary Marshalltown Playground Gary Means Playground Gary Nichols Place Park Wy- Norton Park Gary Patcher Park Gary Pittman Square Park Gary Pulaski Park Gary Pulaski Playground Gary Rees Park Gary Roosevelt Park Gary Ryan Park Gary Schleicher Park Gary Sunrise Park Gary Tarrytown Playground Gary Tolleston Park Gary Washington Park Gary Westbrook Park Gary Westbrook Ballfield Gary William Fisher Park Gary Gleason Park Gary 2nd & Pierce St. Playground Gary 3rd & Dallas St. Tot,Lot Gary A-40 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: CALUMET Type of Facility Facility Location Parks 13th & Hovey St. Playground Gary 13th & Washington St. Tot Lot Gary 16th & Adams St. Tot Lot Gary 16th & Van Buren St. Tot Lot Gary 19th & Hovey St. Playground Gary 23rd & Rutledge St. Tot Lot Gary 26th & Maryland St. Park Gary 50th & Madison St. Playground Gary 51st & Martin Luther King Dr. Playground Gary Central Park Griffith J.C. Tot Lot Griffith South Park - Griffith Woodsworth Park Griffith Little Calumet River Park Calumet Township .Recreation Centers Gary Metropolitan YMCA 225 W. 5th Ave., Gary Suburban YMCA 4800 Harrison Ave., Gary Gary YMCA 30 E. 6th Ave., Gary Mansards Racquet Club 1111 Reyome, Griffith A-41 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: CENTER Type of Facility Facility Location Golf Courses Oak Knoll Golf Club 11200 W..;,5th Ave. Pheasant-Valley Country Club. 3838 W. .141st Ave. Youche Country Club 133rd & Marshall St. Parks Bridgeport Park Crown Point North Street Park Crown Point Sauerman's Woods Pool Crown Point Wells Street Park Crown Point Lake County'Fair Grounds Crown Point Lemon Lake Park Center Township Recreation Centers NONE A-42 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES, IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: HOBART Type of-Facility Facility Location Golf Courses Crossmore Country Club Goin-Wisconsin Parks Central Playground East Gary Columbus Park East Gary Joel Mock Park East Gary Miller Playground East Gary Riverview Park East Gary Well Site No. 7 East Gary Well Site No. 8 East Gary Brookview Park Hobart City Ball Park Hobart Englehart Park Hobart Fred Rose-8th St. Park Hobart Hellman Park Hobart Lakeview Park Hobart McAfee Park Hobart Pensy Park Hobart Robinson Park Hobart 49th & 6th Park Hobart Tyler Street Park New Chicago Cleveland Street Tot Lot New Chicago Recreation Center Hobart YMCA 601 W. 40th Place, Hobart A-43 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: NORTH Type of.Facility Facility Location Golf Courses Todd,Park Indianapolis'Blvd.,,E.@..;Chgo. McArthur Golf East Chicago Woodmar Country Club 1818 E. 177th St., Hammond Wicker Park Indianapolis Blvd. & Ridge Road, Hi,ghland Parks Blaw Knox Playground East Chicago-. Callahan Park East Chicago City Hall Park East Chicago Edward Valve Park East Chicago E.J. Block Stadium East Chicago E.S.& E. Park East Chicago Goodman Park East Chicago Kosciusko Park East Chicago Lake Front Park East Chicago Marktown Park East Chicago McArthur Gold Park East Chicago Riley Park East Chicago Roxanna Playground East Chicago Smith Park East Chicago Sunnyside Park East Chicago Todd Park East Chicago Washington Park East Chicago Baring Parkway Park 'Hammond Central Park Hammond Civic Center Park Hammond Columbia Park Hammond Douglas Park Hammond Dowling Park Hammond Edison Park Hammond Forsythe Park Hammond Gibson Park Hammond Harding Park Hammond Harrison Park Hammond Hermits Park Hammond Hessville Park Hammond Indi-Illi Park Hammond Irving Park Hammond Jefferson Park Hammond John F. Kennedy Park Hammond Knickerbocker Parkway Hammond Lake Front Park Hammond Lewis Park Hammond A-44 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNT Y: LAKE TOWNSHIPS: NORTH Type of Facility Facility Location Parks Maywood Park Hammond Miller School Park Hammond New Park Park Hammond Phrommer Park Hammond Purdue Park Hammond River Bank Park No. 1 Hammond River Bank Park No. 2 Hammond Riverside Park Hammond Triangle Park No. 1 Hammond Triangle Park No. 2 Hammond Turner Field' Hammond Wolf Lake Park Hammond Brantwood Park Highland Ellendale Park Highland Homestead Park Highland Lakeside Park Highland NIPSCO Park Highland Northwood Park Highland Petit Park Highland Southridge Park Highland Wirth Park Highland Wicker Park Highland Beech Street Park Munster Bieker's Park Munster Bluebird Park Munster Circle Park Munster Evergreen Park Munster Frank Hammond Park Munster Lakewood Park Munster Lanewood Park Munster Munster Community Park Munster Lawlor Park Munster Orchard Park Munster Plum Creek Park Munster Ridgeway Park Munster Sunnyside Park Munster Triangle Park Munster Atchison Avenue Park Whiting Community Center Park Whiting Schrage Avenue Park Whiting South Side Park Whiting Standard Athletic Field Whiting Whiting Filtration Park Whiting Whiting Lake Front Park Whiting Whiting Municipal Park A-45 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIPS: NORTH Type of Facility Facility Location Recreation Centers Ha mmond Civic Center 5825 Sohl Hammond YMCA 732 2Southeastern Hammond YMCA:', 229 Ogden Whiting Community Center 1938 Clark St. A-46 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIPS: ROSS Type of Facility Facility Location Golf Courses Turkey Creek Country Club 6400 Harrison, Merrillville Gary Country Club 6701 Taft, Merrillville Broadmoor Country Club Route 30 & Whitcomb, M'ville. Indian Ridge Country Club 6363 Grand Blvd. Parks Deep River Park Unincorporated Area Old Mill Park Unincorporated Area Recreation Centers Southlake Tennis Club 8328 Colorado A-47 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: LAKE TOWNSHIP: ST. JOHN Type of Facility Facility Location Golf Courses Sherwood Golf Club 600 E. Joliet Lake Hills Golf & Country Club Parrish St. Parks Elmer Miller Park Dyer Northgate Park Dyer Lorimer Park St. John Bingo Lake St. John Civic Park St. John Peter Redar Memorial Park St. John Recreation Center OMNI U.S. 41'rSchererville A-48 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUJA AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOW'NSHIP,. JACKSON Type of Facility Facility Location NO FACILITIES A-49 INVENTORY OF RECREATION FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: LIBERTY Type of Facility Facility Location' No FACILITIES A-50 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: CENTER Type of Facility Facility Location Golf Courses Forest Park Municipal Course 1155 Sheffield Dr., Valpo. Mink Lake Golf Course S.R. 49, Center Twp. Valparaiso Country Club County Rd.450 N.,Center Twp. Parks Berkeley Park Valparaiso Forest Park Valparaiso Glenrose Park Valparaiso Jessie-Pilfer Park Valparaiso Kerchoff Park Valparaiso Ogden Gardens Valparaiso Rogers-Lakewood Park Valparaiso Tower Park Valparaiso Will Park Valparaiso Mink Lake Park Valparaiso Porter County Fair Grounds(old) Valparaiso Recreation Centers Porter County YMCA 109 Washington, Valpo. A-51 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: PINE Type of Facility Facility Location Golf Courses 0 Parks Beverly Shores Park No. I Beverly Shores County Line Road Beach Beverly Shores Derby Ditch Beach Beverly Shores brake Avenue Beach Beverly Shores Drexwood Ave. Beach Beverly Shores Lake@,, Shore Park Beverly Shores Lithuanica Park Beverly Shores The Plaza Beach Beverly Sh6res Shore Avenue Beach Beverly Shores State Park Road Beach Beverly Shores Pines Park Pines Recreation Centers 0 A-52- INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: PORTAGE Type ofFacility Facility Location 6olf Courses 0 Parks Hickory Park Portage Perry Park, Portage Stagecoach Park Portage Woodland Park Portage Recreation Centers Portage YMCA 6450 Evergreen, Portage A-53 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY A,REA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: UNION Type of Facility Facility Location NO FACILITIES A-54 INVENTORY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN CZM STUDY AREA COUNTY: PORTER TOWNSHIP: WESTCHESTER Type of Facility Facility Location Golf Courses 0 Parks Shadipide Tot Lot Burns Harbor Hagland Tot Lot Burns Harbor NIB Tot Lot Burns Harbor Chesterton Park Chesterton Coffee Creek Park Chesterton Dogwood Park Chesterton Thomas Centennial Park Chesterton Indiana Dunes State Park Chesterton Indiana Dunes .National Lakeshore Chesterton Hawthorne Park Porter Pratt Lake Park Porter Recreation.Centers Westchester YMCA 215 Roosevelt A-55 INVENTORY OF SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS A-56 VALPARAISO CHAPEL OF THE RESURRECTION 651 College Valparaiso University campus 219/462-5111 Mosaics, Etched glass, and one of the midwest's largest pipe organs are located in the ultra-modern design of the world's largest college church. WILBUR H. CUMMINGS MUSEUM OF ELECTRONICS One CenTer Street on Technical Institute Campus 219/461-5111 One of many electronic exhibits dating from early 1900's to present day is the "Frankenstein Machine" located in this museum. The museum is on the site. where Edison built the first electric generating station in the Midwest. LAKEWOOD PARK North Campbell Street 219/462-5144 An excellent spot for a picnic,the Park is shaded by many lovely trees. Boating and ice skating arc, permitted on over 120 acres. THE PINES SKI AREA Off Indiana Toll Road, 1 mile west and 1 mile south oF junction of U.S. 6 and S.R. 49. 219/462-1465 A complete and modern facility. Five slopes to 1400 feet are alSo well lighted for night skiing. A modern chalet, two ski. shops, equipment rental and ski school are also included. CROWN POINT LAKE COUNTY COURT HOUSE South Main Street 219/663-0389 One of the most massive designs built by early settlers; it is a combination of Victorian, Romanesque and Georgian architecture. THE OLD HOMESTEAD 227 South Court street 219/633-0456 Antique furnishings create an atmosphere of early 1800's. A well-preserved home. A-57 GARY FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT HOUSE 7th. and Van Buren Streets (Not open to public) Wright's designs range from traditional to ultra-modern. Viewed from road only, this house is example of Wright's early work. GARY-HOBART WATER TOWER Seventh and Madison Streets Combination of imaginative design and funCtional Use in this award-winning architecture. RICHARD HATCHER ART GALLERY 2137 Broadway Community Resource Center 219/885-0591 Professional artists from the Calumet region show their work her. Art classes, dance, karate and drama instructions are also available. PANORAMA FROM I-80 AND I-90 Passersby can view miles of industrial manufacturing facilities and experience a panorama of industrial power. CHESTERTON GILBERT GALLERY 115 South Fourth Street Features works by Porter County Association of Artists and Craftsmen. Includes a voricty of different arts arid crafts. INDIANA DUNES STATE PARK U.S. 12,S.R. 49 219/926-1215 Three miles of sandy beach on Lake Michigan includes sand dunes, moving and fixed, densely forested areas and almost the entire list, of midwestern trees and shrubS constitute this State Park. INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE U.S. 12 E. of S.R. 48 Three miles 219/926-7561 Several areas of active, exposed dunes provide visitors a chance to view natures handicraft at work. Five thousand acres of the Proposed 8,300 have been aquired in this developing National Lakeshore on Lake Michigan. A-58 HUNTING, FISHING, BOATING, CAMPING LAKE COUNTY Pine Crest Marina, Inc. Cedar Lake, Indiana Season: March I - November 1 850 Acre lake. All forms of boating allowed. Marina, public boat ramp, light camping facilities - toilets & water, grills, picnicking. Grocery supplies within 10 miles, public phone, fuel supplies. Duncan's Lake, Inc. Box 12 Schneider, Indiana 46376 Season: May I to September 30 This is a 41 acre fishing lake with 50 campsites. There is a swimming beach; also a playground. The campsites include electrical connections, hot showers, flush toilets, laundry facilities, and sanitary disposals. PORTER COUNTY Indiana Dunes State Park Contact: Hiram I. McDaniel, Property Manager Indiana Dunes State Park Route 332 Chesterton, Indiana 46304 Three mile shoreline, 2,182 acres, 362 campsites, swimming, complete recreation area. Lefty's Coho Landing 6161 Burris Ditch Portage, Indiana 46368 Season: Open all year All types of boats are permitted on the lake. Deep River Interpretive Nature Center Old Lincoln Highway 73rd Avenue and Porter County Line Road Deep River, Indiana This nature center includes aquatic displays, wildlife slides, fossil displays, wildlife displays and an 8,000 old mastodon which is the feature display of the Nature Center. The displays are constantly changed and updated. A-59 EVENTS WI NTER: State Slalom Races Valparaiso (Porter County) The State Slalom Title is at stake in these races located three miles north of Valparaiso on Meridian Road. Contact: Dave Johnson Pines Ski Lodge Route 7, Box 36 Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 SPRING: No annual events listed. SUMMER: Lake County Fair Crown Point (Lake County) Displays, rides, concerts, a demolition derby and livestock show and competition combine to make this the most popular annual event in Northwest Indiana. Contact: Lake County Commissioners Lake County Government Complex Crown Point, Indiana 46307 Porter County Fair Valparaiso (Porter County) Midway rides and games, 4-H art, crafts and livestock displays and competition and the Miss Porter County Fair contest highlight one of the best county fairs in the State. Contact: Porter County Commissioners County Courthouse Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 AUTUMN: International Salon of Photography Hammond (Lake County) Photographers from all over the world compete for the best of show in each division, awards and honorable mention. Contact: Anthony J. Radich, Director Northern Indiana Art Association 5446 Hohman Avenue Hammond, Indiana 46320 A-60 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION, MAJOR PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS A-61 INDIANA STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR LAKE AND PORTER COUNTIES July 1, 1976 through June 30, 1978 A-62 ABOUT THE PROGRAM The method of listing projects which are included in this capital improvement program provides information on location of the facility and anticipated work activities on it during the biennium extending from July 1, 1976 through June 30, 1978. The information is given in the following manner: Column I - Index Number - This is a sequencial number for the various items listed in the program and is for identification purposes. An, asterisk (*) preceding the index number indicates a new project now being added to the capital improvement program. Column 2 - Road Number - This identifies that state highway road number on whiEF the proposed improvement is located. Column 3 - Program Activity - This identifies the type of activity included in the program. (a) Advance studies (AS) includes location studies, improvement studies, socio-economic studies, and environmental impact studies as required for the specific projects. W Plan Development (PD) includes the actual design And d evelopment of right-of-way and construction plans for the projects. (c) Land Acquisition (LA) includes the title searches, parcel descrip- tion preparation and actual acquisition of needed rights-of-way for the projects. (d) Construction (CN) includes the preparation of contract documents, acceptance of bids, and awarding of construction contracts for the projects. Upon award of a construction contract, the project moves out of the capital improvement program listings. Also, the scheduling of each of the work activities is noted by: (a) An asterisk (*) indicating project phase on which work has been completed. (b) An "X" indicating project phase on which work is currently under- way and which will be continued during the biennium. (c) A numeral 1, 2, or 3 indicating project phase on which.work is anticipated to start in first (1) portion of biennium, or in mid portion (2) of biennium, or in latter portion (3) of the biennium. .(d) A dash (-) indicating a future phase of work that will be included in a subsequent capital improvement program. Column 4 Description - This notes the location and type of the proposed improvement. Added comments indicate special conditions or requirements on specific projects. A-63 Column 5 - Project Number - This indicates presently assigned project numberi-for the improvement. An asterisk preceding the project designa- tion indicates the intended use of State Primary Road funds on the project., Column 6 - Structure Number - This indicates.the number presently assigned to the-Fridge included in the item. Column 7 -.District - Indicates State Highway District in which the propos@d_ improvement is located. (C) Crawfordsville, (G) Greenfield, (F) Fort Wayne, (L) LaPorte, (S) Seymour, (V) Vincennes. Column 8 - County - Indicates the County or Counties in which the pro- posed improvement is located. Major projects placed in the Capital Improvement Program progress over a span of 7 to 10 years through (1) advance studies (location I.. studies, socio-economic studies, environmental impact studies); (2) plan development (right-of-way and construction plans, specifications and cost estimate preparation); (3) land acquisition .(ownership investiga- tions, preparation of parcel descriptions, appraisals and actual acquisi- tion of needed rights-of-way) and; (4) construction contract award. Very complex urban projects normally require added time while minor spot improvements or bridge repairs will progress to construction in 2 to 4 years. The rate of advancement of projects involving the use of Federal-@ Aid Funds is dependent upon receipt of Federal approvals, and upon the Federal-Aid Highway Funds made available to Indiana by Congressional appropriation and allocated by the Federal Highway Administration. As noted in footnotes on several projects, the Federal requirements for urban transportation planning must be met to obtain Federal approvals for major products in the metropolitan areas of over 50,000 population. Also, advancement of a project to plan preparation, land acquisi- tion, or construction phases will be dependent upon agreement by local road and street allthorities of the return to local control portions of the old state highways being replaced by the proposed new facilities. Formal return of portions of the old routes no longer serving as state highways will take place upon the completion of the new facility and will be undertaken in keeping with the requirements of Senate Enrolled Act 92 of the Second Regular Session 99th General Assembly 1976. Other footnotes on certain projects indicate-joint construction or coordination of work with the U.S. Corps of Engineers, National Park Service, county or municipality. A-64 ESTIMATED PROGRAM ACTIVITY COSTS PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING $ 44,000,000 LAND ACQUISITION 78,600,000 CONSTRUCTION 200,000,000 TOTAL $322,600,000 FEDERAL AID STATE FUNDS TOTAL INTERSTATE ROUTE PROJECT COSTS - $ 13,500,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 15,000,000 PRIMARY ROUTE PROJECT COSTS - 70,000,000 76,000,000 146,300,000 URBAN ROUTE PROJECT COSTS - 58,200,000 29,100,000 87,300,000 36,900,000 SECONDARY ROUTE PROJECT COSTS - 24,600,000 12'300,000 - 000 37,100,000 37,100,000 NON FEDERAL AID PROJECT COSTS TOTAL COSTS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT ACTIVITIES - $166,300,000 $156,300,000 $322,600,000 ALSO ADDITIONAL CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS WILL BE AWARDED AS REQUIRED FOR SECOND AND THIRD STAGE CONSTRUCTION ON ROUTE SEGMENTS ON WHICH FIRST STAGE CONSTRUCTION IS NOW UNDERWAY. 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PROGRAM 1141@EX RCAGi ACTIVITY PROJECT STRUCTURE NO. No. AS PD LA C DESCRIPTION NUMBER NUMBER ---DIST. COUNTY 492 912 X 2 Repairs to bridges over 15th Ave- 1.1 miles south of USR 20 ST-831(F)PE,CN 912-45-5613A L Lake 493 912 X 2 Repairs to bridges at 165th St., 0.,6 mile south of USR 20 ST-831(G)PE,CN 912-45-4861A L Lake 494 912 X 2 Repairs to bridges over Penn-Central RR, 0.2 mile south of USR 20 ST-831(G)PE,CN 912-45-2216A L Lake !495 912 X X I From USR-12 to Michigan Ave. interchage (Dependent upon annual federal certification of urban transportation study) (See note on 'following project) (Length 1.1 mile) *MM-850(22)PE,RW L Lake @96 912 K X 2 From Michigan Ave. interchange northwesterly to Indiana Toll Road (IR 90) (Dependent upon annual federal certification of urban transportation study) (Length 3.3 miles) *MM-850(23)PE L Lake NOTE: First phase construction of segments of SR 912 will be undertaken in biennium with rate of continuing construc tion on total route being dependent upon increase in Federal Urban High Density Traffic Route Funds or alternative source of funding. 497 912 1 2 Replacement of lift bridge over Indiana Harbor Canal on Dickey Place.in East Chicago (dependent upon annual federal certification of urban transportation study) *BRU-850(17)PE 912-45-6549 L Lake 00 NORTHWESTERN INDIANA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION, Annual Element of ACTIONS Program A-69 FEDERAL AID INTERSTATE Road Total Federal Local Identification Project Description Phase Cost Sh3re Share S 'i- t te 1-80 Spot Improvement at Interchange with U.S. 41 in Lake County PE $10,000 $9,000 $1,000 1-80 Repair to Bridges over Burns Ditch, Central Avenue and Penn State Central Railroad and over Clay Street in Lake County CN. $1 550,000 $1 318,000 $232,000 1-30 Rapair to Bridges over Ramp from 1-65, over Penn Central State Railroad at the 1-80 and 1-65 Interchange in Lake County CN $1,160,000 $985,000 $174,000 State 1-80 Modification of Interchange at SR 912 in Lake County CN $310,000 S26-1 T)O S46,000 1-80 Repairs to Bridge over Northcote Avenue, 2.1 Mile East of Statt, the Indiana-Illinois State Line in Lake County PE $8,000 -0- $8,000 C) State CN $260,000 $221,000 $39,000 1-80 Repairs to Bridge over Harrison Avenue, 0.4 Mile West of State U.S. 41 in Lake County PE $8,000 -0- $8,000 State CN $260,000 $221 .900 $39,000 1-65 Repairs to Bridges over Penn Central Railroad and Ramp State Bridges at 1-80 in Lake County CN $494,000 $420,000 $74,000 1-90 Repairs to'Bridge at U.S. 41 on Calumet Avenue in Lake State County CN $188,000 $160,00.0 $28,000 Total $4,248,000 Federal $3,599,000 Local State $ 649,000 FEDERAL AID URBAN Total Federal Local Road Phase Cost Share Share Identification Project Description Hannond 165th & Calumet Intersection Improvement at the Intersection of 165th CN $185,000 S1129,500 $55,500 Ave. Street and Calumet Avenue in Lake County Ridge Road Modernization of Ridge Road from City Limits on Grant Street East to Mississippi Street City Limits in the Gary City of Gary in Lake County CN $1,100,000 $770,000 S330,000 165th & Summer Modernization of the Intersection at 165th and Summer Hammond Street Street in the City of Hammond in Lake County CN $230,000 51 1 , 000 $69,000 Vale Park Construction to Widen and Resurface or Reconstruct $9, Valoaraiso Calumet Ave. Calumet, Roosevelt and Glendale and Realign Vale Park R/ W 0,000 S63,000 S27,000 Roosevelt Rd. Drive to Provide a More Acceptable Angle of Intersection Va I P a. ra i s c Glendale Bd. with Calumet Avenue and Roosevelt Road all in the City CN $2,778,000 $1,524,000 $654,000 of Valparaiso in Porter County Calumet Ave. Modernization of Intersection at Calumet Avenue and Evans Valparaiso and Evans Ave. Avenue in Valparaiso in Porter County PE $61,500 $43,050 $18,4511 Ridge Rd. Construction of Pavement and Modernization of Traffic Signal on Pidge Road from Calumet Avenue to State Line Munster in Munster in Lake County CN 1 100,000 S770,000 $330,000 Calumet Ave. Modernization of Roads and Installation of Traffic Control Signals at the Intersection of Calumet Avenue with 45th Munster Avenue in Munster within Lake County PE $75,000 $52,500 $22,500 Columbia Ave. Installation of Traffic Control Signals at the Intersec- tion of Columbia Avenue and Broadmore Avenue in the Town Munster of Munster in Lake County PE $6,000 S4,200 S1,800 Munster FAU Roads in Design and Installation of Traffic Control Signs on.all PE $10,000 S7,000 $3,C,@ I Munster Munster Federal Aid Urban Routes in the Town of Munster in Lake County CN $60,bOO $42,000 $18,000 173rd and Reconstruction and Traffic Signal Modernization at the ond Indpls. Blvd. Intersection of 173rd Street and Indianapolis Blvd. in Hamm Hammond in Lake County CN $385,000 $269,000 $116,000 FEDERAL AID URBAN (cont'd) Total Federa Local Road identification Project_Description Phase Cost S hi r Share 165th and Modernization of the Intersection of 165th Street and Hammond Kennedy Kennedy Avenue in Hammond in Lake County CN $352,000 $246,400 S105,600 165th, [ndpls. Improvement of the Intersection on Indianapolis Boulevard and Summer with*165th Street, 167th Street, and Sumner Street in Hairmond Hammond in Lake County CN $1,870,000 $1 309 $561,000 ftmmond Intersections Modernization of Traffic Signals at Various Locations in PE $22,500 S1 c,,75@ @5,750 Hammond in Lake County Hammond CN $220,000 $154,00'; $66,000 Multi Sts. Design and Installation of Traffic Control Signs on All Federal Aid Urban Routes in the Town of Highland in Highland Lake County PE $9,000 $6,300 $@,7JO Hammond Indpls. Blvd, Improvement of the Pulman Standard Spur, and Penn Central PE $14,000 $14,000 -o- Railroad Spur Crossings on Indianapolis Boulevard in the Hammond City of Hammond in Lake County CN $126,000 @l ?6 00-, -0- Hammond 165th St. Improvement of the Penn Central Pailroad Crossing on 165th PE $30,000 $30,-07, -0- Street in Hammond in Lake County Hammond CN $270,000 $270,00'@ -0- Crown Point Indiana Street Modernization from Joliet Street (SR 8) to 101st Avenue in PE $24,000 $15 '8@j) $7,200 the City of Crown Point in Lake County Crown Point CN $576,000 $403,20, $172,800 Gary Grant St. Grant Street from 1-80 and 1-94 to 4th and 5th Streets, then PE $205,000 $1143,5-,r_@ $61,500 East to Buchanan Street then North to 1-90 in Gary, in Lake Gary County R/W $595,000 $416,50-, $178,500 Crosstown Exp. Preliminary Engineering-from Crosstown Expressway from Gary U.S. 20 to SR 51 in Gary in Lake County PE $482,000 $@37 4,D-J $144,600 SR 12 Repairs to Bridge over the Chicago, South Shore and South State Bend Railroad, 3.2 Miles West of SR 53 in Gary, in Lake County CN $540,000 $540,00@@ -0- FEDERAL AID URBAN (cont'd) Road Total Federal Local Identification Project Description Phase Cost Share Share U.S. 20 Repairs to Bridges over Kennedy Avenue and the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad 1.6 Miles West of SR 912 in Hammond State in Lake County PE $15,000 $10,500 $4,500 129th Construct 129th Street from Calumet Avenue East to White Hammond Oak Avenue in Hammond in Lake County CN $1,104,000 $772,800 S331,200 Griffith 45th Avenue Widening and resurfacing from Cline to Colfax CN $ 713,800 $449,000 $264,800 Total $12,648,800 Federal $ 9,096,400 Local Hammond $ 1,311,050 14 Gary $ 714,600 Valparaiso $ 699,450 Munster $ 375,300 Highland $ 2,700 Crown Point $ 180,000 State $ 4,500 Griffith $ 264,800 FED' Road 1 d e n t i f i c a t i o nProject Description Railroad Ave. From 151st Avenue to U.S. 20, Construction and Engineering 15th Avenue Improvements from Broadway to Martin Luther King Drive. URBAN HIGH DENSITY Road Total Federal Local I den ti fi cation Project Description Phase Cost Share Share SR 912 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Penn Central Railroad Track Relocation from U.S. 12 to Dickey Road in Gary State and East Chicago, Lake County CN $7,741 000 $3,561 0001 $4,180,OC SR 912 Utility Adjustment on SR 912, from Columbus Drive (U.S. 12) to Michigan Avenue in Gary and East Chicago, State Lake County CN $158,000 $142,20-- $15,300 SR 912 Construction of two (2) bridges, SR 912 Ramp Bridge over SR 912; and SR 912 Ramp Bridge over U.S. 12 at State Intersection SR 912 and U.S. 12 in Lake County CN $1 240,000 $1 116 000 S124,000 SR 912 Construction of Roadway and Structure from Columbus Drive (U.S. 12) to Michigan Avenue in Gary and East State Chicago in Lake County CN $14,522,000 $13,070,000 $1,452,0( SR 912 The driving of test piling for the Relocated SR 912 State structure over the Indiana Harbor Canal in Lake County CN1 $100,000 $90,00c, $10,000 Total $23,761,000 Federal $17,979,200 Local State $ 5,781.800 URBAN HTGH DENSTTY PROJECT CARRYOVER* Road Identification Project Description U.S. 20 U.S. 20 spot improvement at Lake-Porter County Line Road on, an la la. ow low am owl RAIL HIGHWAY PROTECTION Road Total Federal Local Identification Project Description Phase Cost Share Share Crossings on The Installation of Railroad Crossbucks, Advance Warning EJ & E Signs, and Pavement Markings for all Public Crossings of the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railroad on Federal Aid Routes State Statewide CN $26,000 $23,400 $2,600 Crossings on The Installation of Railroad Crossbucks, Advance Warning State IHB Signs and Pavement Markings on all Public Crossings of the P.E $1,000 $900 $100 Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad on Federal Aid Routes in Lake State County CN $9,000 $8,100 $900 Crossings on The Installation of Railroad Crrssbucks, Advance Warning CSBSSRR Signs and Pavement Markings for all Public Crossings of the Chicago, South Shore, and South Bend Railroad on State Federal Aid Routes Statewide CN $14,000 $12,600 $1,400 -@j Cal ume t Reconstruction of the Penn Central Railroad Crossing on Ul Calumet Avenue North of Morgan Street in the City of Valparaiso Valparaiso in Porter County CN $70,000 $49,000 $21,000 Crossings on Installation of Advance Warning Signs, Crossbucks and State GTW RR Pavement Markings on Federal Aid Route Crossings of the PE $1.750 $1,575 $175. Grand Trunk Railroad in the Northwest Indiana Regional State Planning.Commission'Area. CN $33,250 $29,925 $3,325 Total $155,000 Federal $125,500 Local State $ 8,500 Valparaiso $ 21,000 aim Ao on so No, am am ;M1 OW low SECTION 3 CAPITAL PROGRAM Total Federal Local Applicant Project Description Cost Share Share Chicago, Rolling Stock Renewal Commuter Rail Cars Purchase 38 new $28,500,000 $22,800,000 $5,700,000 South Bend single level, 98-passenger or purchase 26 new bi-level, 156- and South passenger air conditioned, electrically propelled commuter Shore RR rail cars equipped with radio communications, drinking water and sanitary facilities suitable for interstate operation. Also, including spare parts, supervision of construction, inspection and testing. Support Facilities - Electric Propulsion System - $2,820,000 $2,256,000 $564,000 A. Replace six existing 1,500 volt, direct current sub- stations between Michigan City and Hammond, Indiana with 2,000 kilowatt, self-contained outdoor type, silicon rectifiers. Class III and rapid transit rating. B. Install aluminum feeder cable (750 MCM and 500 MCM) Gary to Michigan City, Indiana, 26.88 miles. C. Replace existing substation supervisory system with modern solid-state continuously scanning, audio-tone equipment -@4 to control all substations from Kensington (Chicago), 0) Illinois to South Bend, Indiana. Rolling Stock - Communication Support - Install two-way 75,000 $ 60,000 $ 15,000 radio on 22 existing passenger cars to permit communication in C.S.S. & S.B. Railroad radio system and in I.C.G. Railroad commuter division radio system between other passenger trains and train dispatcher. Purchase 10 portable two-way radio units with carrying case and separate battery charging apparatus for head to rear end communications. Rolling Stock - Toilet Facilities - Install retention type 90,ooo $ 72,000 $ 18,000 toilets on existing passenger cars together with the necessary sewage disposal facility at Shops, Michigan City, Indiana. East Chicago Physical Plant Acquisition - Renovate an industrial site owned 150,000 120,000 $ 30,000 Transit by the city to provide office, garage, and maintenance facilities for East Chicago Transit. SECTION 3 CAPITAL PROGRAM (cont'dY Total Federal Local Applicant Project Description Cost Share Share East Chicago Rolling Stock Additions Purchase 5 additional 50@passenger, $ 325,000 $ 260,000 $ 65,000 Transit air conditioned diesel coaches. Consolidated Rolling Stock and Motive Power Renewal $ 4,150,000 $ 3,320,000 $ 830,000 Rail Corp. A. Replace five 23-year old EMD E8A diesel passenger locomo- (PC Service) tives equipped for double end operation and with head-end power for train heat. lighting and air conditioning for Chicago-Valparaiso local service. B. Replace fourteen 50-year old heavyweight, 72-seat class P70 coaches with seven double deck, bi-level, 161 seat suburban coaches for the Chicago-Valparaiso service. Chicago- Rolling Stock Replacement - A project to replace existing, worn $ 4.,160,000 $ 3,328,000 $ 832.000 Calumet out buses, according to the manufacturer's recommendation of 12 Transit years as the standard life expectancy of transit buses. District (Replace 64 buses). Corp. TOTAL $40,270,000 $32,216,000 $8,054,000 Section 5 Capital and Operating Assistance.' Funds available Calendar Year 1976, $2,020,076- Project Net Recipient Applicants Cost Project Type Project CoEL Office of the Mayor East Chicago Transit $ 395,349 Operating Assistance $ 790,698 East Chicago, Ind. City of Gary Gai ry Public Transpor- tation Corp. $1,014,705 Operating Assistance $2,029@410. RPC"." PTA Total: $ 610.022 NIP;TA Total 20,r)gn Operatina Assistance ",O,o Northwestern Indiana Carrier: Regional Planning Commiss ion Chicago, South Shore & South Bend RR $ 356.680 Operating Assistance $ 713.360 .14 and Chicago & Calumet 00 Transit $ 103,338 Operating Assistance $ 206,676 Northwest Indiana Special Service Public Transporta- tion Authority Metro Corps Optrating Assistance Gary Neighborhood Services Operating Assistance Trade Winds Rehabi- $ 130.004 operating Assistance $ 260,008 litation L.C.E.O.C. operating Assistance Formal project applications will be submitted to the U.S. Department of Trans- portation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration by the applicant. The City of Gary will compile the Gary PTC project application; the City.of East Chicago will compile the East Chicago project application; the NIRPC and NIPTA will jointly compile applications for the South Shore Railroad, the Chicago and Calumet Transit Co., Special Services, and NIPTA. All projects will be for Local Fiscal Year Two, January 1, 1976 to December 31 1976. Tke-Annual Element will be revis!@d in JAniiary, 1977 to reflect pro;ramned Projects for the period January 1, 1977 to December 31, 1977. APPENDIX F STATE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO NORTHWEST INDIANA A-79 REGULATION SPC IR - 3 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR WATERS OF INDIANA EFFECTIVE August 21, 1973 INDIANA STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD A-80 STATE 0F INDIANA STREAM POLLUTION COTROL BOARD REGULATION SPC 1R-3 Subsequent to due publication of notice and public hearings having been held on May 8, 1973, and May 17, 1973, a srequired by the provisions of IC 1971, 4-22-2, as originally enacted in the Acts of 1945,Chapter 120, the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board,at its regular meeting held at the Indiana State Board of Health Building, 1330 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, on July 17, 1973, at which meeting a quorum was present, unanimously adopted the following new rule SPC IR-3 which amends in its entirety SPC 1R-2 heretofore adopted on September 18, 1970, and further resolved that upon promulgation of SPC 1R-3, Regulation SPC 9 is repealed. A-81 SPC 1R-3 A REGULATION establishing water quality standards for all waters of the State of Indiana except those waters speci- fically named in any other valid rule or regulation of the Stream Pollution Control Board pursuant to the authority granted in IC 1971, 13-1-3 and IC 1971, 13-7, amending in its entirety SPC 1R-2 promulgated on September 18, 1970, and repealing SPC 9 promulgated on June 13, 1967. Section 1. (Nondegradation of Existing High Quality Waters) All waters whose existing quality is better than the following criteria as of the date on which this regulation becomes effective will be maintained in their present high quality. Such waters will not be lowered in quality unless and until that such change is justifiable as a result of necessary economic or social development and will not become injurious to any assigned uses made of, or presently possible, in such waters. Section 2. (Waters Designations) This Regulation shall apply to all waters of the State except Lake Michigan, Wolf Lake, the Grand Calumet River, the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal and privately-owned ponds. Section 3. (Water Use Designations) (a) The following uses have been established by the Stream Pollution Control Board for all waters of the State except as provided in Section 2 above: (1) All lakes and reservoirs, the St. Joseph River in Elkhart and St. JosepDh Counties, the St. Joseph River in Allen County, the Wabash River where forming the common boundary with Illinois, the lower reaches of the Indiana portion of the Whitewater River and the Ohio River will be maintained for whole body contact recreation. All other streams will be maintained for partial body contact recreation. (2) All waters will be capable of supporting a well-balanced, warm water fish population; except that, all waters, where the natural temperatures will permit, will be capable of supporting put-and-take trout fishing; and where now possible, the natural reproduction of trout and salmon. (3) All waters which are used for public or in- dustrial water supply must meet the criteria for these uses at the points where the water is withdrawn. A-82 (4) All waters which are used for agricultural purposes must meet the criteria established in subsection 6(a). (b) Where multiple it uses haVe been designated for a body of water , the most protective Of All simultaneosly applicable criteria will apply. Section 4. (Mixing Zones) (a) All water quality criteria in this Regulation except those provided in subsection 6(a) below, are to be applied at a point outside of the mixing zone to allow for a reasonable admixture of waste effluents with the receiving waters. (b) Due to varying physical, chemical and biological conditions, no absolute mixing zone may be prescribed. Where possible (sub-section 4(c)) the general guideline is to be that the mixing zone should be limited to no more than 1/4 (25%) of the cross:- sectional area and/or volume of flow of the stream, leaving at least 3/4 (75%) free as a zone of passage for aquatic biota nor should it extend over 1/2 (50%) of the width of the stream. (c) The applicability of the guideline (subsection 4(b)) will be on a case-by-case basis and the following factors must be considered: (1) The dilution ratio, (2) The physical, chemical, and biological character- istics of the receiving body of water, (3) The physical, chemical, and biological character- istics of the waste effluent, (4) The present and anticipated uses of the receiving body of water, (5) The measured or anticipated effect of the dis- charge on the quality of the receiving body of water and (6) The synergistic effects of overlapping mixing zones or the aggregate effects of adjacent mixing zones. A-83 (61) in any e,,,cnt , the t-Dtal are-3. ano/or volume nthe o receiving stream, lake or reservo' as5izned I mixing zones will be limite@ to: 1 A short stretch oe the stroam or sr7iail area of the lake or rese-,.,,-)ir or (2) That distance, area and/or volume necessary to reasonably meet the purr)oses of the Trixing zone. Section 5. All stream ouality criteria in this Regulation, ezcept those provided in subsection 6(a) below, will apply at all times when the stream flows are equal to or g:rearter than [email protected] -3.,,rerage minimum seven-consecutive-day low which occurs once in ten years. Section 6. (Water Quality Criteria) (a) All waters at all times and at all places, including the mixing zone, snall. meet the minimum conditions of being free from substances, materials, floating debris, oil or sum attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other discharges: (1) That will settle to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable deposits, (2) That are in amounts sufficient to be unsightly or deleterious, (3) That produce color, odor or other conditions in such degree as to create a nuisance, (4) Which are toxic or harmful to human, animal, plant oraquatic life and (5) Which are in concentrations or combinations that'will cause or contribute to the growth of aquatic plants or algae in such a degree as to create a nuisance, be unsightly or deleterious or be harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or otherwise impair the designated uses. (b) In addition to subsection 6(a) above and pursuant to subsecti.on 3(a) (2), the following criteria are for t'- evaluation of conditions for the naintenance of a well-balanced fish population. They are applicable at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone: A-84 (1) (PH) No pH values below 6.0 nor above 8.5 except daily fluctuations which exceed PH 8.5 and are correlated with photosynthEtic activity, may be tolerated. However, any sudden drop below pH 6.0 or sudden rise above pH 8.5, not related to photosynthesis, indicates abnormal conditions which should be investigated immediately. (2) (Taste and Odor) There shall be no substances which impart unpalatable flavor to food fish or result in noticeable offensive odors in the vicinity of the water. (Toxic Substances) Concentrations of toxic substances shall not exceed one-tenth of the 96-hour median tolerance limit for important indigenous species, except that other more stringent application factors shall be used when Justified on the basis of available evidence and approved by the appropriate agency. (c) In addition to subsection 6(a) and 6(b) above and pursuant to 3(a)(2), the following criteria are for the evaluation of conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, warm water fish population. They are applicable at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone: (1) (Dissolved Oxygen) Concentrations of dissolved oxygen shall average at least 5.0 mg/1 per calendar day and shall not be less than 4.0 mg/l at any time. (2) (Temperature) (aa) There shall be no abnormal temperature changes that may affect aquatic life unless caused by natural conditions. (bb) The normal daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations that existed before the addition of heat due to other than natural causes shall be maintained. (cc) The maximum temperature rise at any time or place above natural temperatures shall not exceed 5 OF. in streams and 3 OF. in laks and reservoirs. A-85 (dd) In addition, the water temperature of of streams shall not exceed the maximum. lirlits indicated in the following table: Ohio Pt. Jot;enh River f)t her T,:ain Stem rpributary to Indiana T- - .0,e Michigan Streams January 50 50 50 February 50 50 50 March 6o 55 6o AiDril 70 65 70 may 80 75 80 June 87 85 90 July 89 85 90 August 89 .-5 91) September 87 85 90 October 78 70 78 November 70 60 70 December 57 50 57 (d) In addition to sul-section 6(a) and 6(b) above and pursuant to 3(a)(2), the following criteria are for the evaluation of conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, cold water fish population. They are applicable at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone: (1) (Dissolved Oxygen) (aa) In those waters designated for put-and-take trout fishing, dissolved oxygen concentrations shall not be less than 6.0 mg/l at any time or place. (bb) Spawning areas (during the spawning season) shall be protected by a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7.0 mg/l. (2) (Temperature) (aa) In lakes and streams, where the natural reproduction of trout and salmon is to be protected, no heat shall be added. (bb) In put-and-ta@e streams atemperatures shall not exceed 65 F. or a 5 F. rise above natural, whichever is less. (cc) In lakes where a put-and-take trout fishery is to be protected, no heat shall be added. A-86 c I !@ add it! on to S u bsr@c t i U n 6 (a) abovr@ a nd ours u@Lnt t,) subsection 3(a) (1), thp criterion for the evalua- t,'on of conditions for maintaining whole body contact i-2creation at any point in the waters out5l.rie of none is tnat the fecal colit'crrn content (either MPN or I-TF count) shall not exceed 200 per 100 ml as a geometric mean based on not less than five samples-, nor exceed 400 per 100 irl in more than one sample during the nonth. The months of April through October, inclusive, are designated as the recreational season. (f) In addition to subsection 6(a) above and pursuant to subsection 3(a)(1), the criterion for the e-!aluati-in of --@onditions for maintaining r-a-l'ial body contact recreation at any point in the waters outside of the mixing zone is that the fecal coliform bacteria content (either !,1PN or MF count) shall not exceed 1,000 per 100 ml as a geometric mean based on not less than five samples@ nor exceed 2,000 per 100 ml in more than one sample. (g) In addition to subsection 6(a) above and pursuant to subsection 3(a)(3), the following criteria are for the evaluation of the water quality at the point at which water is withdrawn for treatment and distribution as a potable supply: (1) (Bacteria) The coliform. bacteria group shall not exceed 5,000 per 100 ml as a monthly average value (either M.PN or MF count); nor exceed 20,000 per 100 m.1 in more than five percent of such samples. (2) (Threshold-odor number) Taste and odor pro- ducing substances, other than naturally occurring, shall not interfere with the production of a finished water by conventional treatment consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorination. The threshold odor number of the finished water must be three or less. (3) (Dissolved Solids) Other than from naturally occurring sources, dissolved solids shall not exceed 500 mg/l as a monthly averaRe value, nor exceed 750 mg/1 at any time. Values of specific conductance of 800 and 1,200 micromhos/cm (at 250C) may be considered equivalent to dissolved solids concentrations of 50.0 and 750 mg/l. A-87 (4) (Radioactive substances) Water supplies shall be approved without further consideration of other sources of radioactivity intake of Radium-226 and Strontium-90 when the water cont ing these substances in amounts not exceeding 3 and l0 picocuries per liter, respectively. In the knnwn absence of Strontium-90 and alpha emitters, the water supply is acceptable when the gross beta concentrations do not exceed 1,000 picocurieS Der liter. (5) (Chemical Constituents) The chemical constit- uents in the waters shall not be present in such levels as to prevent meeting the Drinking Water Standards adopted by the Indiana State Board of Health after conventional water treatment. (h) In addition to subsection 6(a) and pursuant to sub- section 3(a)(3), the criterion for the evaluation of water quality at the point at which water is with- drawn for use (either with or without treatment) for industrial cooling and processing is that, other than from naturally occurring sources, the dissolved solids shall not exceed 750 mg/l as a monthly average, nor exceed 1,000 mg/l at any time. Values of specific conductance of 1,200 and 1,600 micromnos/cm, (at 25oC) may be considered equivalent to dissolved solids concentrations of 750 and 1,000 mg/l. Pursuant to subsection 3(a)(4), the criteria for evaluation of conditions for agricultural use are the same as those in subsection 6(a). Section 7. (Wastewater Treatment Requirements) (a) All municipal and semi-public wastewaters shall be subject to the following wastewater treatment require- ments prior to the discharge to the waters of the State: (1) (Secondary Treatment) All sewage and other wastewater containing comparable amounts of organic material shall receive a minimum of, secondary treatment. A-88 (2) Advanced Treatment) Treatment in excess of that which can be provided by secondary wastewater treatment facilities shall be required when the seven-consecutive-day low flow occurring once in' ten years in the receiving stream is less than three times the flow of wastwater being dis- charged thereto or when otherwise necessary to insure that established water quality criteria are met. (3) (Phosphorus Removal) (aa) Phosphorus removal oi- control facilities shall be required at all MUniCipalities and semi-public facilities with a daily discharge of elemental phosphorus () of ten (10) pounds or greater when: (i) They are located within the Lake Michigan or Lake Erie Basins, or (ii) They discharge directly to a lake or reservoir or to a tributary at a Doint within 40 miles upstream from a' lake or reservoir. (bb) Phosphorus removal or control facilities shall be required at any municipality or semi-public facility, regardless of the quantitative elemental phosphorus content in its daily discharge, when it is determined that phosphorus reduction is required to protect downstream water uses or necessary to insure that established water quality criteria are met. (cc) Where required, phosphorus removal facilities shall be designed to achieve an 80 percent reduction in the elemental phosphorus (P) content of the wastewater or produce an effluent containing no more than 1.0 mg/l of elemental phosphorus (P), whichever is more stringent. (Effluent Disinfection) All sewage treatment plant effluents and other wastewaters which may cause or contribute to the bacterial contamin- ation of the receiving waters shall be adequately disinfected prior to discharge to waters of the State. Disinfection shall be on a continuous basis and shall be to such extent that the coliform bacterial criteria for the designated recreational and/or public water supply use are met in the receiving water outside of the mixing zone. A-89 (b) All industrial and any other point source wastew@tter discharges, other than those specified in subsection 7 (,q ) abo-.,e , sh-t I l be sub,i ec-t to th? Co I I owi ng %TFLitQwat"I- trr:'tment to waters of' the S)tate: (1) All said wastewstters which contain organic material and/or suspended solids shall receive treatment which will produce an effluent of equal quality to that required to be produced by municipal and semi-public sewage treatment plants in the same stream reach. (2) All said wastewaters whicn contain contaminants of any kind other than tho3e specified in subsection 7(b)(1) shall provide the best practicable degree of wastewater treatment or control consistent with technological feasibility, economic reasonableness and sound engineering judgement. (3) (Phosphorus Removal) (aa) Phosphorus removal or control facilities shall be required for all said waste- waters with a daily discharge of elemental phosphorus (P) of ten (10) Dounds or greater when: (i) They are located within the Lake Michigan or Lake Erie Basins, or (ii) They discharge directly to a lake or reservoir or to a tributary at a pdint within 40 miles upstream from a lake or reservoir. (bb) Phosphorus removal or control facilities shall be reauired at any industry or any other point source -discharge, regardless of the quantitative elemental phosphorus content in its daily discharge, when it is determined that phosphorus reduction is required to protect downstream water uses or necessary to insure that established water quality criteria are met. A-90 (cc) Where required, phosphorus removal facili- ties shall be designed to -achieve an percent reduction in the ele-iental ph o- ph or us ( T ) u nntaat o F I. h-., tew,@ or Droduce an effluerit containinw, no more than 1.0 rig/l of elemental phosnhorus (P), whichever is more stringent Section 8. The analytical procedures uses as nethods of analyses to determine the chemical, bacteriological, bio- logical, and radiological quality of waters sampled shall be in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or other methods approved by the Indiana Stream Pollution Cortrol Board and the Environmental Protection Agency, Water Quality Office. Section 9. Unless otherwise specified, the term average as used herein means an aritherretical average. Section 10. If any section, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this regulation, or any other part thereof, be declared unconstitutional or invalid for any reason., the remainder of said regulation shall not be affected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect. Section 11. This regulation shall, upon Dromulgation, repeal Regulation SPC 9 which covered the Little Calumet River flo-..Ting into Illinois promulgated June 13, 1967. A-91 REGULATION SPC 7R-2 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR THE GRAND CALUMET RIVER AND THE INDIANA HARBOR SHIP CANAL EFFECTIVE August 21, 1973 INDIANA STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD A-92 STATE 0--' IHDTt@11A STREAM F,@i,rUTIOK Co'-TTEOL BOARD REG@'LATION SPC 7R-P Subseluent to due nublication of notice an! Dublic hearing having been held on May 17, 1973, as re@uired by the provisions of IC 1971, 4-22-2, as originally enacted in the Acts of 1945, Chapter 120, +he Indiana Stream Pollution- Control Board, at its regular meeting held at t-e Indiana State Board of Health Building, 1330 West Michigan Street, Indian- apolis, Indiana, on July 17, 1973, at which meeting a quorum was present, unanimously adouted t1-2 following new rule SPC 7R-2 which amends in its entirety SPC 7R hereto-'ore adopted on February 11, 1972. A REGULATION establishing the water quality standards for the Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal pursuant to the authority grented in IC 19T1, 13-1-3 and IC 1971, 13-7 and amending in its entirety SPC 7R promulgated on February 11, 1972. Section 1. The Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board recognizes that a major function of the Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal is the conveyance of treated wastewater and storm water overflow and that essentially the entire flow in these streams is made up of such waters. The Board further recognizes that even if all wastewaters discharged to these streams are providtd the highest degree of treatment possible, criteria for maintaining a well-balanced, warm water fish population may not be met at all times. Therefore, the Board classifies these waters for Dartial body contact, industrial water supply and limited aquatic life. Section 2. (Water Quality Criteria) (a) All waters at all times and at all placesi including the mixing zone, shall meet the minimum conditions of being free from substances, materials, floating debris, oil or scum attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other discharges: (1) That will settle to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable deposits, (2) That are in amounts sufficient to be un- sightly or deleterious, (3) That produce color, odor or other conditions in such degree as to create a nuisance, A-93 (4) Which are toxic or harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life and (5) Which are in concenTrations or combinations that will cause or contribute to the growth of aquatic plants or algae in such degree as to create a nuisance, be unsightly or deleterious or be harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or otherwise impair the designated uses. (b) In addition to subsection 2(a) above, the following criteria are for evaluation of waters of the Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal. They are applicable at any point in the stream except for areas immediately adjacent to outfalls. In such areas cognizance will be given to the oppor- tunities for the admixture of waste effluents with the receiving water: (1) (Dissolved Oxygen) Concentrations of dissolved oxygen shall average at least 3.0 mg/l during any 24-hour period and shall not be less than 2.0 mg/l at any time. (2) (pH) No pH values below 6.5 or above 8.5, except daily fluctuations which exceed 8.5 and are related to photosynthetic activity, may be tolerated. (3) (Temperature) The water temperature shall not exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit during the period from October through and including March. (4) (Fecal Coliform Bacteria) The fecal coliform bacteria content (either MPN or MF count) shall not exceed a geometric mean of 1,000 per 100 ml, nor exceed 2,000 per 100 ml in more than ten percent of the samples, except during periods of storm water runoff. (5) (Filterable Residue (total dissolved solids)) The filterable residue content shall not average more than 275 mg/l during any 24-hour period nor exceed this value at any time, except in waters flowing westward into Illinois, the con- centrations shall not exceed 500 mg/l. (6) (Chemical Constituents) The following levels of chemical constituents shall not be exceeded at any time: A-94 (6) (Chemical Constituents) Continued Constituent Con@7entration Arrimoni--i ?4Lt.rorrerl 1.5 *Chloride _15-0 Cyanide 0.1 Fluoride 1.3 Iron (dissolved) 0.3 Mercury (total) 0.005 Phenol-like substances 0.010 Sulfates 75.0 *In waters flowing westward into 111inois, the concentration shall not exceed 125 rig/l. (7) (Toxic Substances) Concentrations of toxi substances shall not exceed one-tenth of t'.- 96-hour median tolerance limit for important indigenous species, exceDt that other more stringent application factors shall be used when justified on the basis of available evidence and approved by the appropriate regulatory agencies. (8) (Total Phosphorus) The content of total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.10 mg1l at any time except in water flowing westward into Illinois. (9) (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) The biochemical oxygen demand shall not exceed 10.0 mg/l. (10) (Oil) Oil or similar materials shall not be present in such quantities that they will -produce a visible film on the water surface, coat the banks and bottom of the stream or in any way be toxic or harmful to fish or other aquatic 7ife. In addition, the total oil concentration, le- termined by the petroleum ether extraction method, shall not exceed 5.0 mg/l. (11) (Miscellaneous Trace Contaminants and Radionuclides) Miscellaneous trace contaminants and radionuclides shall not be present in concentrations that will prevent meeting Public Health Service 1962 Drinking Water Standards after conventional treat- ment. A-95 Id Section 3. Unless otherwise specified, the term average as used herein means an arithmetical averaqe. Section 4. The analytical procedures used as methods of analyses to determine the chemical, bacterioloqical, bioloqIcal, and radiological quality of waters sampled shall be in accordanc3 with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or other methods aprroved by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board and the Federal Fnvironmental Protection Agency. Section 5. If any section, paragraph, sentence, caluse, phrase, or word of this regulation, or any other part thereof, be declared unconstitutional or invalid for any reason, the remainder of said regulation shall not be affected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect. A-96 REGULATI0ON SPC 10F WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR WOLF LAKE EFFECTIVE August 21, 1973 INDIANA STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD A-97 STATE 0@' INDIA14A STREA11 POLLUTION CONTTJ.0L BOARD R7'.'rTJT,ATIOTT SUb@_,equent to due publication of notice of public hearing, having been held on May 17, lQ'13, as required by the provisions of IC 1971, 4@22-2, as originally enacted in the Acts of 1945, Chapter 120, the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board at its regular meeting held at the Indiana State Board of Health Building, 1330 West Michigan Street, Indiana-oolis, Indiana, on July 17, 1973, at which meeting a quorum was -present, unani- mously adopted the following new rule SPC 1OR -which amends in its entirety SPC 10 heretofore adopted on Jl.@,ne 13, 1967. A REGULATION establishing the water quality standards Wolf r for @ake and the Wolf Lake Channel Dursuant to the authority granted in IC 1971, 13-1-3 and IC 1971, 13-7 and amending in its entirety SPC 10 promulgated on June 13, 1967. Section 1. (Water Use Designations) (a) The following uses have been established by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board for the waters of Wolf Lake Proper and Wolf Lake Channel: (1) All waters of Wolf Lake Proper will be main- tained for whole body contact recreation. (2) All waters of Wolf Lake Channel will be main- tained for partial body contact recreation. (3)' All waters of both Wolf Lake Proper and Wolf Lake Channel will be capable of supporting a well-balanced, warm water fish population. Section 2. (Water Quality Criteria) (a) All waters at all times and at all -places, including the mixing zone, shall meet the minimum conditions of being free from substances, materials, floating debris, oil or scum attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other discharges: (1) That will settle to form putrescent or other objectionable deposits, (2) That are in amounts sufficient to be unsightly or deleterious, (3) That produce color, odor or other conditions in such degree as to create a nuisance, A-98 4 Which are toxic or harmful to hurnan, animal, plant oraquatic life and (5) Which are in concentrations or combinations that will cause or cnntri hiit-@ to the growtl' of aquatic plants or algae in such deF@ree a3 to create a nuisance, be unsightly or deleterious or be harmful to hunan, animal, plant or aquatic life or otherwise impair the designated uses. (b) In addition to subsection 2(a) above, the following criteria are for evaluation of waters of I-Tolf Lake and Wolf Lake Channel. They are applicable at any point in these waters except for areas immediately adjacent to outfalls. In such areas, cognizance will be given to the opportunities for the admixture of waste effluents with the receiving water: (1) (Fecal Coliform Bacteria) (aa) The fecal coliform content (either MPN or MF cGunt) in Wolf Lake Proper shall not exceed 200 per 100 ml as a geometric mean based on not less than five samples; nor exceed 400 per 100 ml in more than ten percent of the samples. (bb) The fecal coliform content (either MPi'l or 14F count) at all locations in Wolf Lake Channel shall not exceed a geometric mean of 1,000 per 100 ml, nor exceed 2,000 per 100 ml in more than ten percent of the samples. (2) (Dissolved Oxygen) Concentrations of dissolved oxygen shall average at least 5.0 mg/l per calendar day and shall not be less than 4.o mg/l at any time, except that lower values associated with depth may be tolerated where caused by natural conditions. (3) (pH) No pH values below 6.5 nor above 8.5, except daily fluctuations which exceed pH-8-5 and are correlated with photosynthetic activity, may be tolerated A-99 (4) (Toxic Substances) Concentrations of toxic substances shall not exceed one-tenth of the 96-hour median tolerpnce limit @-or importq.nt indigenous species , excent, 'hat cther morE@ strinuent aDDlic-Ation factors s'6511 be used -;hk i. Justified on the basis of available evidence and approved by the appropriate regulatory agencies. (5) (Oil) Oil or similar materials shall not be present in such auantities that they will produce a. visible film on the water surface, coat the banks and bottom of the Lake or in any way be toxic or harmful to fish or other aquatic life. (6) (Ammonia Nitrogen (N)) Any sin.;zle daily value of ammonia nitrogen shall not be more than 0.12 mg/l. (7) (Cyanides (CN)) Any single daily value of cyanide shall not be more than 0.025 mg/l. (8) (Total Phosphorus (P)) Any single daily value of total phosphorus shall not be more than 0.04 mg/l. (9) (True Color) Any single daily value of true color shall not @e more than 15 units. (10) (Odor) No obnoxious odor of other than natural origin shall be present. (11) (Turbidity) No activity causing turbidity, of other than natural origin, that will cause substantial visible contrast with the natural appearance of the water shall be permitted. (c) In addition to subsections 2(a) and 2(b) above, the following temperature criteria are for the evaluation of waters of Wolf Lake and Wolf Lake Channel. All temperatures are expressed in degrees Fahrenheit. The point of measurement shall normally be in the surface one meter at such depth as to avoid thin layer surface warming due to extreme ambient air temperatures; but where required to determine the true distribution of heated wastes and natural variations- in water temoerature, measurements shall be made at greater depths and at several depths so as to form a thermal profile. Surface water drains and combined sewer overflows are exempted from the following: A-100 Ill There shall be no abnormal temperature changes in the waters of Wolf Lake so as to be in- jurious to fish, wildlife, or other aquatic life or the growth or propagation thereof. (2) The normal daily arid seasonal temperature fluctuations for waters of Wolf Lake that existed before the addition of heat shall be maintained. (3) The temperature of the waters of Wolf Lake shall not exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit during the summer or 60 degrees Fahrenheit during the period from October through and including March. (4) At any time and at any place in Wolf Lake Channel after mixing, the receiving water shall nob be more than five degrees Fahrenheit above the existing natural water temperature of the Lake. In addition the temperature of Wolf Lake Channel at its mouth shall not be more than three degrees Fahrenheit above the natural temperature of the Lake. Section 3. Unless otherwise specified, the term average as used herein means an arithmetical average. Section 4. The analytical procedures used as methods of analyses to determine the chemical, bacteriological, bio- logical, and radiological quality of waters sampled shall be in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or other methods approved by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. Section 5. If any section, -Daragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this regulation, or any other part thereof, be declared unconstitutional or invalid for any reason, the remainder of said regulation shall not be affected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect. A-101 REGULATION SPC 12 NATURAL SPAWING AREAS, REAPING OR AREAS AND MIGRATION ROUTES OF SALMONID FISHES EFFECTIVE February 11, 1972 INDIANA STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD A-102 STATE OF INDIANA STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD REGULATION SPC 12 A. Natural Spawning and Rearing or Imprinting Areas The criteria listed below are for evaluation of the following waters designated by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources as natural spawning areas or rearing or imprinting areas for salnonid fishes: Rearing or Imprinting Arens Trail Creek from Black Road on the West Branch and Meer Road on the East Branch downstream to Highway 35. Little Calumet River and tributaries joining it from the southern boundary of the Westville Prison Farm downstream to the Wagner Road Bridge near Chesterton. Black Ditch from Beverly Drive downstream to Lake Michigan. Salt Creek above its confluence with the Little Calumet River. 1. Dissolved-Oxygen: Concentrations shall not be less than 6.0 mg/l at any time or any place. During the spawning season or during periods of rearing or imprinting, the dissolved oxygen shall not fall below 7.0 mg/l at any tine or any place. 2. Temperature: No heat shall be added. 3. Taste and Odor: There shall be no substances which impart unpalatable flavor to fish or taint any of the associated biota; or result in an offensive or unnatural odor of the water or in the vicinity of the water. 4. pH: No values below 6.0 or above 8.5, except daily fluctuations which exceed pH 8.5 and are correlated with photosynthetic activity, may be tolerated. However, any drop below 6.0 or sudden rise above 8.5 not related to photosynthesis indicates abnormal conditions. 5. 0il: Oil or similar materials shalt not be present in such quantities that they will produce a visible film on the water surface, coat the banks and bottom of the stream, or in any way be toxic or harmful to fish or other aquatic life. A-103 6. Turb'-dity: No mate-ial f rom other than natural .!auses shall be adderi 'Aiich wi cause -t@ie turbidity @-)C the water to exceed If) Jac'm-son turbi(I i tY units (J'I.,10 7. Settleable 'OolikJs: No settleable material from other than natural causes shall be added in quantities. that will -adversely affect salmonid fishes or the natural biota. 8. Color: No material from other than natural causes shall be aided which will produce a noticeable change from the natural color or clarity of the water. 9. Eloating i-laterials Free from f iog.t ina debri s , scum and other floating materials in amounts sufficient to be unsightly or deleterious. 10. Radioactive Materials: The gross beta concentration shall not exceed 100 picocuries per liter (oc/1). In addition, the concentrations of Radium-2266 and Strontium-90 shall not exceed 1 and 2 picocuries per liter, respectively. 11. Toxic Substances: Not to exceed one-tenth of the 96-hour median tolerance limit of salmonid fishes or the natural biota obtained from continuous flow bioassays where the dilution water and toxicant are continuously renewed, except that other lower application factors may be used in specific cases when justified on the basis of available evidence. 12. Fecal Coliform Bacteria: The fecal coliform. bacteria content (either MPN or MF count) shall not exceed a geometric mean of 1,000 Der 100 ml, nor exceed 2,000 per 100 ml in more than ten percent of the samples. 13. Plant Nutrients: Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other sources in concentrations or combinations which will cause or contribute to the growth of aquatic plants or algae in such degree as to create a nuisance, be unsightly or deleterious, or be harmful to salmonid fishes or the natural biota. 111. Mercury (Total): The total mercury concentration shall not exceed 0.005 milligrams per liter (Yqg/1) at any time or place. A-104 0 B Migration Routes the criteria listed below are for evelation of the follow- ing streams used by s a lmonid fishes to migrate to and from natural spawning or rearing or imprinting area.In additon any critera that applies to spawning, rearing or imprinting arear. Will also apply to migration routes unless new numerical limits for said criteria are listed below. In those waters within migration routes where put-and-take trout fishing exists, the requirements of SPC 1R-2 shall apply: Existing Migration Routes Trail Creek from Highway 35 downstream to Lake Michigan. Little Calumet River from Wagner Road Bridge downstream to Lake Michigan via Burns Ditch. 1. Dissolved Oxygen: Concentrations shall average at least 6.0 mg/1 during any 24-hour period and shall not be less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time. During periods of migration, the dissolved oxygen shall not fall below 6.0 mg/1 at any time or any place. 2. Temperature: a. The normal daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations that existed before the addition of heat due to other than natural causes shall be maintained. b. The maximum temperature rise at any time or place above natural shall not exceed 2 degrees Fahrenheit. In addition, the temperature shall not exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit at any time or place during periods of migration nor exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit at any time. 3. Turbidity: No material from other than natural causes shall be added which will cause the turbidity of the water to exceed 25 Jackson turbidity units. 4. Settleable Solids: Free from substances that will- settle to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable deposits. 5. Color: Free from materials producinqg color or other conditions that will create a nuisance or interfere with the normal migration of salmonid fishes.-105 NOTE 1: Unless otherwise specified, the term average as used herein means an arithmetical average. NOTE 2: The analutical procedures used as methods of analyses to determine the chemical , bacteriological biological and radiological quality of water sampled shall be in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or other methods approved by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. *** A-106 I I I I I I I I I APPENDIX G INLAND STEEL N.P.D.E.S. OPERATING REPORT I I I I .I I I I I I A-107 VUL-V rri 0-4 C) rri r" Z: = m ;a C) :I:b CD :p. CD C5 -0 C2 C7 )Dw m m m C= --4 C) --i C:) --I CD --I .A V) rri m -C m rri ;)o = m cD rm C> ClIz C) CD 60L-V ZI-I 712. > n --- M X C> rn r- ;;u -< '0-0 CD 3:- CD Dc:. -_j C:o rn -0 'n C:; m @C:p ul Ln Ln xp m m = --j --1 -4 C:> -4 Ln m m m M m ;o m Tj V\ Q@ Vzo Q, C7 ON C:7 q, 7- Zl- C>l 9-S> :z c, rT-' OL L-V JL m M J7. m r-:c ;v -< 'o-v C) I@m CD D-.o a r1i -0 -1 C:7 :t:- (A Ln X .r. I -) rn cl --4 c: C3 LA A (A m C@ m C7 C7 No C.7 77 a S;L@ rril ci L L L-V rn ,tx CII) m r- X: .Z C) C> 3:w C) 3:b :z 32. Ln 3:. V) M r. V) al tD --i --4 = C) --i C:> --4 m m m rri JA ;o m rn -n CD -TI rfl > C-1 I t I 6 L L-V Z:r. m X Cftl) -n t-4 -I& Cl C> m r- Z rl 2: >< r- M ;g c) C:) C) rn -0 -n C7 'r CA Ln M C) m -I rn q:7 --1 -4 = Ln m rn rn rn C) m C= 4C' C) C:7 (TI (Z7 C@r C> CiN Ct LIO 523 C) C= F- C) E L I-V j 5 >C r- 2-7 rri r- ig Cl CD 31. C) rn _0 -n En M Ln LA rrl m cm --j = -4 --4 Ln Ln rri rm m m CD m C= C:) A I C-) -n QI 901- UN Xp VL L-V rn M C-) rn r- E: r- Z: m m C@ C:),3:m m C) Dmp _-x al M @t:. Ln LA Cp --4 --1 C) -i LA rn m rri M m ;10 C> rn ;o C-) rn UN C-7 T Lf) 2z J x 9LD 77) CD, -n Q> @f L L -V m Xm .1m < . &-f t --) :z C) ;u rn r- = r- X >C r, X: rri -n C-7 g 3. 0-4 CD 2:. 0-4 CD :t. n rn :t:m (A M :I:. Ln X :t:a (A C= --i = M --1 0 rn rri M rn m C-@ QN rC7 LA Tj ilk Cr 0 C/I C-1 C: 9L L-V m m r- ZE :9;. C") C> rn -0 -n C@ C=P rr? rn :0. (A m C3 -4 = 1= --4 = U --i C) --i CA m rn :m rn m ;10 = C) m C--7 C-) lr,7 (ID (> CD Co LLL-V C> m r- CD >C r, M: :r. :a ;a C> 0-4 C> @M. C) rn -0 C7 rm M CD --i C= C) -4 C= C2 -4 CD --i Ln rn rn m m C) rn C) 9-9 ml ;v M Cl- ts L L-V X T. C-1) -i C) e C) rm r- X: M I = C> C:) C> DD. -n t=; .12. ul) X >k L") 4=7 C) rri n rn C) --4 C3 C) A Ln M m m r7i Al Cl C-) m C> X 71:3 Fr ur@ rn of b L L-V --4 rn r- X: M -< ;o C) @> -0 C:j :1--o D> v) 7. >- Ln rri m m C3 --i C= C= CD --I LA ---i m m rri m CP- CD LA Cil I.S APPENDIX H THE LAKE BREEZE AND AIR POLLUTION A-120 The lake breeze in Northwest Indiana occurs mainly during the warm season daytime when the prevailing winds are light and the land is warmer than Lake Michigan. This type of,circulation pattern is depicted in Figure 1. The low level inflow layer depth typically varies from 100 to 1000 meters, with 500 meters being about average,, and can transport cool lake air as far as 40 km inland. Peak inflow wind speeds are as much as 6 to 8 m/sec and decrease with distance inland. The return flow layer aloft is typically twice the depth and half the peak wind speeds of the inflow layer. In contrast to the very stable lake air due to cooling by the relatively cold lake water, the low level air over land exists as a turbulent boundary layer caused by solar heating. This internal boundary layer is found entirely within the inflow layer and increases in depth with distance from the lake. The outflow air aloft is generally quite stable as a result of the synoptic scale subsidence inversion. The dispersion of tall stack emissions under these conditions is shown in Figure 2_ (Lyons and Cole, 1972). A plume emitted into the stable onshore flow will be a fanning type with very little vertical or horizontal dispersion until it intersects the internal boundary layer at some distance downwind. At that point, the plume will be mixed rapidly downward through the boundary layer by. turbulent eddies. Some of these pollutants will continue inland to the limit of the lake breeze circulation and urban heat island induced effects, and become caught in the return flow aloft. An amount of these pollutants can remain in the circulation regime, subside over the lake, get caught A-121 'Figure I STRUCTURE AND DETAILS OF A TYPICAL LAKE BREEZE STREAMCINES CALCULATED FROM PI A 1500 ------- 0 1000 z j 0nm nla= -POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 1000 0,-4 \170 M-ojs&tio_5vbj.idv%t 500- -yi! uoior, 1-16@0 7 TYPICAL SMOKE AND CLOUD PATTERNS 0 1500 INLAND 0 CUMULUS 1000 ADVECT OVER SMOKE LAYERS ALOFT FRONT DISSIPATE OVER LAKE 500-_.. CLEAR ZONE 0 MIR SUSPECTED TRAJECTORIES 1500 E '0.0ij GIANT PAItTICIJI NTE 1000 Soo 'Offshore Source -10 SHORELINE FEW 10 20 KM zi ake breeze cell Or th(', CCOS,-SCCUOI`1@11 ",t)'LICUIFL. of I ;Illd its cllcct oil th'. dillu-;ion and Lrawiport of polluUml.s. Heights are given in nict,evs. ll(,,:Ivy solid line lound in f@ach diagram ropvcsetits the mesoscale kike liteeze froat 19711)). zt) Strcanihn(@ liaLterns, calculated froin pilmls illtistrate, inflow and re- turn HOW layer", tll(., convcrl@eilce /.Oile tIlKirill. and sul)siderwe ovur th(Aake. 1)) 'I'het-111,11 surw-ture: light solid lines iiru constant, potential teniperAtUre. Ov('1. the lake, sLahility i" indicatcd hV lit inero@iso- in potential lc@nlperattlrc With heigR. Ovcr the 1:111d, the in- tt!rl@;Il bolill(kity delillvd by valit(!" III pot(!nti@ll tilre I'll:0 de(:vca@,Q or @Irv (:onsfzint. wilh soundinj,,@; :i!i, ijidi(-@it(d hy lhf! solid (hirk litics. '11w 1:lko @;olllldlli@@ awj IlII(-:; If (-ofv@uillt potf-titi:11 "01ow djr((! jnv(-r!@vjir@. ()vcr Llit: hind, :I (1(!(-[) :Idi1jh;0I(: I,oulvlary !:IVor is ovcrhlill hy a :iylloptk@ sr:ik! siihsoh!nc,@ itiversion. Smoke ;lnd .Iotld lmll.vrll.@ ;t@;so':Iated wilh tvpwal klki@ 1)1.((-zQ (,i!ll. Shown is it plul!;(: thal, @;h,,r,,.vard wit.11 1011" dilillsion IIIIIiI it, (!rwis(@s Lhu.shm-(- lll@'! @111,r the mi hilk lit Ig'IIIId:tl.V 'I'lw philliv (rom ;t 1:111 L;kwk, illi(i:111y enlittcd ilil" air hiiiiij@;iLv.-; @-!,,,,k it Is )w thc huil'bllI, till-hull'ut I ... 1110111-y layer. "'v;J11 d, silloku" ill f1w :oId I.mwejllx@ltion of 1-0olli ol 0w I uU11,11 I lo-,@ klyt"j. allil Ill Ilw Ilplwl portio 11 4 the illf1mv, ol p:lrlli(@Iv@: With @lnd sourcl's of oril'ill. 'I'lli. H - I(;iA ot sim! ,;,)I Wig i:@ di@l,@Ilssofj In 01c text- SOURCE: Enderson, William; Commonwealth Edison State Line Power Plant Probable One-Hour Worst Case S02 Concentrations; March 7,.1975 A-122 A AIR SMOOTH A I it SMC OTH AIR SMOOT '.'CONS IDA RALSILI Soo AIR SMOOTH AIR SMOOTH ION.- TURIULINCI' VTi@, 7 litl.DGRA su AIR SMOOTH 300 11 S1v1k9ULBNC5 AIR SMOOTH CONSIDERABLI x 41 <- @ ANIL@ TURSULINCE W I 1-00 LooPi@q Sirong %0@ Sonall- LAKE MICHIGAN 15 Km 10 t1jr %vesIrm shorcof tht lakt, (lookII)g 140) CST 25 junc 1970. 11-01"d arc the rtimirls of wrlitilvittc .itotmlercd ljy thi.- spotla ain dfl, pitts the. apppi\Jmatv@ tcjjyrr:tj(ir(- proldc tivcr lite walcr. Figure 3 M A R CH 9,7 0 .-N, A,-@-"%@4,,"-.' 4 7 . . . . . Ilk- 11, @p 4" WJ W, I. k-, 44 14 L 0 4 7 @.Z 7. )]:[111, 31) km swith iJ Nlikk-niikk-4. '11. 1,7,00 cs'r, 'May, 13, 19 70, (1111-ilig I Shallow lake bri-vZe. @,inokv, from III Inkt. 11-vil) I, p;1I-ti:I11v ft:q'ped III t It(! hillow whilc part uscapc-@ inhi lite return 11,)w 1:jp!r ILIA SJWCACIS 011L t,vi r the inke t@, thu o:tst, (right). PhWi-graph bY Titii 01i(jel-cill. Source: Enderson, William; Commonwealth Edison State Line Power Plan Probable One-Hour Worst Case SO 2 Concentrations; March 7, 1975 Ire A-123 again in the inflow, and enter the boundary layer a second time. For very tall stacks with high exit velocities or for very low mixing heights, it is possible for al 1 or part of the plume to pass upward through the inflow layer and directly into the return flow aloft. Figure 3 shows plume penetration into the return flow. For a tall stack source located along a large lake., such as the Commonwealth Edison State Line power plant, this lake breeze/fumigation situation would probably yield the highest short-term (up to 12 hours) pollutant concentrations at a downwind receptor. The State Line plant is located on the Lake Michigan shore on the Indiana side of the Indiana-Illinois border. Here the shoreline is oriented basically ,northwest to southeast, and the normal lake breeze blows from the northeast. The plumes from the six stacks with heights ranging from 92 to 137 meters undergo fumigation during lake breeze conditions as described above. To determine the probable worst one-hour S02 concentra- tion resulting from this plant, it is necessary to determine the con- centration under lake breeze/fumigation conditions. 1. Lyons, Walter, A., and Henry S. Cole, 1972, "The impact of the Great Lakes on the air quality of urban shoreline areas; some prac- tical applications with regard to air pollution control policy and environmental decision making". Proc6edings-of the 15th Conference on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2. Lyons,.Walter A., and Lars E. Olsson, 1973: Detailed mesometeoro- logical studies of air pollution dispersion in the Chicago lake breeze. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 101, 387-403. A-124 109 2397