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VWAP 0 RA, Inc. Environmental/Energy Studies 6900 WISCONSIN AEV&.. ,Ssff ON, D. C. 20015 PHONE - (301) 652-9520 THE ESTUARINE STUDY VOLUME 4 DOCUMENTATION Property of CSC Library Prepared for: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Coastal Resources Bureau of Coastal Planning and Development Labor and Industry Building PO Box 1889 Trenton New Jersey 08625 Contract A97146 This report was prepared in part with financial assistance from the United States Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Coastal Zone Management under the provisions of Section 305 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-583, as amended). t i. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA Iao �Ot~ Sr o.,,AL SERVICES CENTER ..u :~ 2i 34 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE ..-iALESTON , SC 29405-2413 AIR SOLID WASTE WATER CONTENTS Part one of this volume presents a bibliography of over 2,000 I ~references used in this study. Part two presents a documentation method and a large number of references which are keyed to the matriced intersections of water, edge, and land impacting activities and their resultant environmental changes. These impacting activities and environmental changes are discussed in Volumes One and Three. The documentation for these matriced intersections is intended to be constantly updated by the Bureau of Coastal Planning and j ~~Development. The use of the documentation matrices is discussed on pagelO7. Page I ~ ~Part One General. Bibliography I Part Two 5 ~~~Introduction 107 Annotated Literature Citations 151 5 ~~~Literature Cited 187 Documentation Matrices I ~ ~~~Impacting Activities And Resultant Environmental Changes Water 108 I ~~Edge 109 Land 110 I ~~~~~~~~~~Tables 1. Water: Annotation Numbers I ~2. Edge: Annotation Numbers12 3. Land: Annotation Numbers13 PART ONE:BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbiate, L. M. 1961. An ecological study of the attached marine algae of Raritan Bay. Master's Thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, 69 p. Ad Hoc Committee to Preserve Cedar Creek. 1975. Cedar Creek -- a unique open space conservation and recreation resource. Adams, Donald D., D. A. Darby, and R. J. Young. 1978a. Habitat development field investigations, Windmill Point Development Site, James River, Virginia. Appendix F: Environmental impacts of marsh development with dredged material: sediment and water quality. Volume I: Characteristics of channel sediments before dredging and effluent quality during and shortly after marsh habitat development. Prepared for US Army, Chief of Engineers, Washington DC, Norfolk VA and Dayton OH. 45 p. and tables and figures. Adams, Donald D., D. A. Darby, and R. J. Young. 1978b. Habitat development field investigations, Windmill Point Development Site, James River, Virginia. Appendix F: Environmental impacts of marsh development with dredged material: sediment and water quality. Volume II: Substrate and chemical flux characteristics of a dredged material marsh. Prepared for US Army, Chief of Engineers, Washington DC, Norfolk VA and Dayton OH. 72 p. and tables and figures. Agnello, Richard J., L. P. Donnelley, and others. 1977. Coastal zone recreational activity and potential demand of Delaware residents. University of Delaware, Sea Grant College Program, Newark DE. Agnello, R., L. Donnelley, R. Kirk, and P. Jensen. 1977. Final report, New Castle County Delaware River shoreline study. University of Delaware, Sea Grant College Program, Department of Economics and College of Marine Studies, Report 18-77, Newark DE, variously paged. Ahlert, R. C., T. J. Harlukowicz, and K. F. Nordstrom. 1976. Hydrodynamic surveys of Corson and Great Egg Harbor inlets. Rutgers University College of Engineering, Water Resources Engineering Technical Report 76-1, New Brunswick NJ, 220 p. Ahmed, R. 1972. Surface-groundwater interaction and conjunctive use of the water resources, Mullica River basin, New Jersey. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. Alexander, James E., R. Hollman, T. White. 1974. Heavy Metal Concentration at the Apex of the New York Bight. NY Ocean Science Laboratory, Rep. No. 4-35212, Montauk, NY. Alexander, James E., and Elizabeth C. Alexander. 1977. Chemical properties. New York Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 2, Albany NY, 47 p. Aii, Syed A., and others. 1973. A keyword-indexed bibliography of the marine environment in the New York Bight and adjacent estuaries. State University of New York, Marine Science Research Center, Stony Brook NY, 720 p. Alibee, R. N. 1975. Coastal zone management: fact or fiction. NY Sea Grant Advisory Service, NYSSGP AS 75 009, Albany NY, 6 p. Aller, R. C. and J. K. Cochran. 1976. 234Th/238U. Disequilibrium in Near-Shore Sediment; Particle Reworking and Diagnetic Time Scales. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 29:37-50. Alpine Geophysical Assoc., Inc. 1974. Bathymetry of Beach Haven and Little Egg Inlets New Jersey and offshore. Final Report. Alpine NY. American Fisheries Society. 1966. A symposium on estuarine fisheries. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, Vol. 95, Supplement, Special Publication 3. American Public Works Association. 1969. Water pollution aspects of urban, runoff. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington, DC. American Society of Photogrammetry. 1972. Coastal mapping symposium. Anderson-Nichols & Co., Inc. 1973. Basin-wide program for flood plain delineation. Prepared for Delaware River Basin Commission, Trenton NJ. Anderson, P. W., and S. D. Faust. 1972. Impact of drought on quality in a New Jersey surface water supply system. Water Resources Bulletin 8 (4): 750-760. Anderson, Richard R., Russell G. Brown, and Robert D. Rappleye. 1968. Water quality and plant distribution along the Upper Patuxent River, Maryland. Chesapeake Science 9(3):145-156. Anderson, R. R. 1969. Temperature and rooted aquatic plants. Chesapeake Science 10 (3&4): 157-164. Anderson, R. R. 1972. Submerged vascular plants of the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries. Chesapeake Science 13 (Supplement): 587-589. Andrews, Richard N. L., and M. J. Watts. 1978. Environmental values in public decisions, a research agenda. School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 91 p. Anon. 1972. Coastal zone workshop on critical problems of the coastal zone. (Fide Cronin 1977). Apel, J. R., R. L. Charnell, and R. J. Blackwell. 1974. Ocean Internal Waves off the North American Coasts from ERTS-1. Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. Ann Arbor MI. 9~~~~~~ Applegate, J. E. 1974. The wildlife resources of New Jersey. In: T. P. Norman (Editor). New Jersey trends. Rutgers University, Institute of Environmental Studies, New Brunswick NJ. Applegate, J. E., S. A. Salmore, and J. Blydenburg. 1974. Recreational use of New Jersey's wetlands by the citizens of New Jersey. In: Report to the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries, Department of Environmental Protection, State of New Jersey, on the "Estuarine Evaluation Study". Rutgers University, Marine Sciences Center, part 2.4, 23 p. Armstrong, John, and others. 1974. Coastal zone management. Coastal Zone Management Institute, Sandwich ME, 176 p. Art, H. W., F. H. Bormann, and G. M. Woodwell. 1974. Barrier island forest ecosystem: role of meteorologic nutrients inputs. Science 184: 60-62. Arthur D. Little, Inc. 1973. Potential onshore effects of deepwater oil terminal-related industrial development. Volume II, part two, Mid-Atlantic region, part three, Maine. Prepared for Council on Environmental Quality. Cambridge MA, variously paged. Atlantic County Planning Division. 1978. Offshore oil and Atlantic County. Atlantic City, NJ, 121 p. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. 1965 - 1974. Marine resources of the Atlantic Coast [leaflet series]. Tallahassee FL. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. 1968. Developing and managing estuaries, statement of policy and guideline for effective actions. Biological Committee, Portland ME, 8 p. Atlas, R. M. 1972. Biodegradation of petroleum in the marine environment. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. Babinchak, J. A., J. T. Graikoski., S. Dudley and M. Nitkowski. 1977. Distribution of Fecal Coliforms in Bottom Sediments from the New York Bight. Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(7):150-153. Baker, Harvey. 1973. The Delaware estuary system, environmental impacts and socio-economic effects. Upper estuary pollution and transfer relationships. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the University of Delaware, and Rutgers University Work Group on Upper Estuary Pollution and Transfer Relationships. A report to the National Science Foundation RANN Program, 50 p. Baldwin, Malcolm F., and Dan H. Stoddard, Jr. 1973. The off-road vehicle and environmental quality. Second edition. An updated report on the social and environmental effects of off-road vehicles, particularly snowmobiles, with suggested policies for their control. The Conservation Foundation, Washington DC, 61 p. Ball, T. F., and E. C. Lafond. 1962. Shallow water turbidity studies. US Navy Electronics Laboratory Report #1129. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~33 Banse, K., and G. J. Paulik. 1969. Biological oceanography: models Washington Sea Grant Program reprint from Science 163: 1362-1363. Barada, W., and W. M. Partington, Jr. 1972. Report of investigation of the environmental effects of private waterfront canals. Florida Conservation Foundation, Inc., Environmental Information Center, Winter Park FL, 63 p. Barker, A. M., and J. W. Ropes. 1972. The Atlantic surf clam fishery, 1969. National Marine Fisheries Service. Commercial Fisheries Review 33(6): 35-42. Barrdues, R. L., and B. A. Prenguber. 1975. Transfer of development rights: an analysis of a new land use policy tool. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 57(4): 549. Barry, D., and others. 1974. The preservation of open space in the New Jersey pinelands. Regional Science Research Institute, Discussion Paper #73. Basco, D. R. 1973. Systems engineering and dredging - the feedback problem. Texas A & M University, Sea Grant College, Center for Dredging Studies, Sea Grant Publication TAMU SG 74 205, College Station TX, 69 p. Bassett, Carolyn. 1974. Parallel problems in southern New Jersey. In Joseph LeMay and Eugene Harrison (Editors). Environmental land use problems, a study of northern New Jersey. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York NY, p. 65-67. Batie, S. S., and W. E. Cox. 1976. Economic implications of environmental legislation for wetlands. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Sea Grant Project Paper VPI SG 77 05, Research Report AE 29, Blacksburg VA. Battelle Columbus Laboratories. 1973. Final report on definition of heavy industries and guidelines for acceptable types of manufacturing uses in Delaware's coastal zone to the State of Delaware. Columbus OH, variously paged. Battelle Columbus Laboratories. 1973. Final report on a methodology for evaluating manufacturing environmental impact statements for Delaware's coastal zone to the State of Delaware. Columbus OH, 69 p. Battelle Columbus Laboratories. 1973. Assistance program to state coastal zone management agencies. Columbus OH, 12 p. Battelle Columbus Laboratories. No date. Coastal zone management planning. Columbus OH, 3 pamphlets. Battelle (Battelle Memorial Institute). 1966. Development potential of US continental shelves. Prepared for the US Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration, Washington DC (fide Cronin 1977). 41 Battelle Memorial Institute. 1974. Relationships between drainage area characteristics and non-point source nutrients in streams. Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratories, Working Paper 25. Baylor, E. R., M. B. Baylor, D. C. Blanchard, L. D. Syzdek, and C. Appel. 1977. Virus Transfer from Surf to Wind. Science 198: 575-580. Beardsley, R. C., W. Boicourt, L. C. Huff, and J. Scott. 1977. CMICE 76: A Current Meter Intercomparison Experiment Conducted Off Long Island in February-March 1976. WHOI Tech Report 77-62, 123 p. Beardsley, R. C., H. Mofjeld, M. Wimbush, C. N. Flagg and J. A. Vermersch, Jr. 1977. Ocean Tides and Weather-Induced Bottom Pressure Fluctuations in the Middle-Atlantic Bight. Journal of Geophysical Research 82(21): 3175-3182. Beltz, J. R., J. E. Johnson, D. L. Cohen, and F. B. Pratt. 1974. An annotated bibliography of the effects of temperature on fish, with special reference to the freshwater and anadromous species of New England. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Food and Natural Resources, University of Massachusetts, Bulletin 605, Amherst MA, 97 p. Benninger, L. K., D. M. Lewis, and K. K. Turekian. 1975. The Use of Natural Pb-210 as a Heavy Metal Tracer in the River - Estuarine System. Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environment, American Chemical Society Symposium Series, No. 18, p. 202-210. Berger, Jerry E. 1978. The impacts of environmental legislation on private land-use decisions in the energy field. Shell Oil Co., Houston TX, 99 p. Berry, B. J. L., and F. E. Horton. 1974. Urban environmental management: planning for pollution control. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ. Bertuccio, Thomas. 1973. Heat exchange to the environment at the Oyster Creek discharge canal. Master's Thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. Betz Environmental Engineers. 1975. Phase one report, regional assessment study of the Delaware River basin for the National Commission on Water Quality, Washington DC, preliminary draft. Plymouth Meeting PA. Variously paged. Bevan, E. G. No date. Ringnecks and the salt marsh. Reprinted from New Jersey Outdoors. Bickley, J. U., and E. O. Kline. 1977. Charleston voters' attitudes towards coastal public access. South Carolina Sea Grant program, Technical Report 7, SC SG 77 6, 15 p. Biggs, D. C., R. G. Rowland, H. B. O'Connors, Jr., C. D. Powers and C. F. Wurster. 1977. A comparison of the effects of chlordane and PCB on the growth, photosynthesis, and cell size of estuarine phytoplankton. Environmental Pollution, (in press). Blatt, H., G. Middleton, and R. Murray. 1972. Origin of sedimentary rocks. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs NJ, 634 p. Bleeker, Allan L. 1971. Primary productivity in Raritan Bay and its relationships to pollution. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University, Department of Botany, New Brunswick NJ, 472 p. Blueprint Commission on the Future of New Jersey Agriculture. 1973. Report of the Blueprint Commission on the future of New Jersey Agriculture. Trenton NJ, 15 p. Board of Commerce and Navigation, New Jersey. 1922. Report on the erosion and protection of the New Jersey beaches. Trenton NJ, 70 p. Board of Commerce and Navigation, New Jersey. 1924. Report on the erosion and protection of the New Jersey beaches. Trenton NJ, 52 p. Bonsall, Susan, and N. P. Psuty. 1976. Supplement to the catalogue of Rutgers marine research. Rutgers University, Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies, New Brunswick NJ, 57 p. Bonsall, S. 1977. The fishing industry of New Jersey. Rutgers University, Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies, New Brunswick NJ, 57 p. Booda, L. L. 1976. Fishery management and enforcement face formidable complications. Sea Technology 17(6): 12-15. Bopp, F., III, and R. B. Biggs. 1972. Trace metal environments near shell banks in Delaware Bay. University of Delaware, College of Marine Studies, Report SG 9-72, Newark DE, 47 p. Bosselman, Fred P. 1968. Alternatives to urban sprawl; legal guidelines for governmental action. National Commission on Urban Problems, Washington DC. Bowman, Malcolm J., and Lewis D. Wunderlich. 1977. Hydrographic properties. NY Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 1, Albany NY, 78 p. Bowman, M. J. 1978. Spreading and Mixing of the Hudson River Effluent into the New York Bight. "Hydrodynamics of estuaries and fjords: proceedings of 9th Liege Colloquium." Elsevier Oceanography Series, 1978, (in press). Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research. 1977. An atlas of the biologic resource of the Hudson estuary. Estuarine Study Group, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca NY, 104 p. 6 Boyt, F. L., S. E. Baylet, and J. Zoltek, Jr. 1977. Removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewater by wetland vegetation. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, (May): 789-799. Bradley, E. H., Jr., and J. M. Armstrong. 1972. A description and analysis of coastal zone and shoreland management programs in the United States. University of Michigan, Sea Grant Program, Coastal Zone Management Project, Sea Grant Technical Report 20, Ann Arbor MI, 426 p. Brahtz, J. F. P. (Editor). 1972. Coastal zone management: multiple use with conservation. University of California, Engineering and Physical Sciences Extension Series, 352 p. Brail, Richard K., and James W. Hughes. 1977. Transportation. fy Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 24, Albany NY, 37 p. Brickman, L. M. 1972. Base food chain relationships in the coastal salt marsh ecosystem. Doctoral Dissertation. Lehigh University, Allentown PA, 179 p. Broome, Stephen W., W. W. Woodhouse, Jr., and Ernest D. Seneca. 1974. Propagation of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, from seed in North Carolina. Chesapeake Science 14(4): 214-221. Brotak, E. A. 1972. An analysis of daily precipitation patterns in and around the New York City area and the possible effects of the urban area on these patterns. Master's Thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, 79 p. Brown, R. J. 1976. Water pollution in estuaries and coastal zones, Volume 1, 1967-1974, bibliography with abstracts. US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, PS-76/0851, Springfield VA, 165 p. Brown, R. J. (Editor). 1977. Water pollution in estuaries and coastal zones, Volume 2, 1975-September, 1977, a bibliography with abstracts. US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, PS-77/0840, Springfield VA, 215 p. Brown, R. J. 1977. Salt marshes. A bibliography with abstracts, search period covered 1964 to May 1977. US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, PS-77/0511, Springfield VA, 246 p. Brown, R. J. 1978. Coastal zone management and planning, Volume 2, 1977 - January 1978, a bibliography with abstracts. National Technical Information Service, PS 78/0327, Springfield VA, 143 p. 3ruun, P., and F. Gerritsen. 1960. Stability of coastal inlets. North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, Netherlands, 123 p. Bruun, P. 1962. Sea-level rise as a cause of shore erosion. Journal of Waterways and Harbors Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, WWl: 117-130. 7 Bruun, P. 1966. Tidal inlets and littoral drift. (Stability of coastal inlets, Volume 2). Printed by permission from NASA in Norway. 193 p. Bull, John. 1975. Compatibilities and incompatibilities in multiple use forests. 40th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference. Burbitis, Paul P., 1952. A study of the insects of a native sand dune area at Island Beach, New Jersey. Master's Thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. Burger, Joanna, and W. A. Montevecchi. 1975. Nest site selection in the terrapin Malaclemys terrapin terrapin. Copeia 1: 113-119. Burger, J., Joseph Shisler, and Fredrick Lesser. 1977. The effects of marsh management practices, particularly ditching, on nesting birds. Rutgers University, Department of Biology, New Jersey Experiment Station Mosquito Research and Control Unit, and Ocean County Mosquito Commission, Barnegat NJ. Typescript, 10 p. Burk, C. J. 1973. Partial recovery of vegetation in a pollution-damaged marsh. University of Massachusetts, Water Resources Research Center, Publication 27, Amherst MA, 28 p. Burk, C. John. 1976. A four-year analysis of vegetation following an oil spill in a fresh water marsh. University of Massachusetts, Water Resources Research Center, Publication 71, Amherst MA, 38 p. Burton, Ian, R. Kates, and R. Snead. 1969. The human ecology of coastal flood hazard in megalopolis. University of Chicago, Department of Geography, Research Paper 115, Chicago IL, 196 p. Busch, D. A. 1974. Methods of evaluating effects of mosquito larvicide (Abate) on non-target salt marsh organisms. In: Proceedings, 61st Annual Meeting of the New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Association, Atlantic City NJ, 13-15 March. Butterfield, W. S. 1973. A study of the benthic invertebrates in lagoon systems in the salt marshes of New Jersey. Master's Thesis, Rutgers University, Department of Agricultural Engineering, New Brunswick NJ. Cabelli, V. J., A. P. Dufour, M. A. Levin, and P. W. Haberman. 1975. The impact of pollution on marine bathing beaches: an epidemiology study. Abstracts, Special Symposium on the Middle Atlantic Continental Shelf and New York Bight, American Museum of Natural History, New York NY. California Coastal Zone Conservation Commission. 1975. California coastal plan. Campbell, A. B., G. S. NcLaren, and N. P. Psuty. 1977. Environmental assessment of development in the Breezy Point cooperative. Prepared for the Chief Scientist, North Atlantic Region, National Park Service. Rutgers University, Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies, New Brunswick NJ, 114 p. I 8 Campbell, B. C., and R. F. Denno. 1975. The effect of Temefos and Chiorpyifos on the aquatic insect community of a New Jersey salt marsh. Rutgers University, NJ Agricultural Station, New Brunswick NJ, Journal Series. Campbell, R. 1967. A report on the shellfish resources of Raritan Bay, New Jersey. In: P. DeFalco, (Editor). Report for the Conferences on Pollution of Raritan Bay and Adjacent Interstate Waters, third session, US Department of the Interior, Metuchen NJ. Cape May County Planning Board. 1975. Cape May County comprehensive plan. Cape May County Planning Board. 1978. Subregional outer continental shelf and energy facility planning study, County of Cape May. Variously paged. Carbon, Max, and Wayne Houlberg (Editors). 1970. 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J. Nadeau. 1972. Water resources development in the Mullica River basin, Part I, biological evaluation of the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary. Rutgers University, Water Resources Research Institute, 138 p. Durand, J. B., T. Sugihara, and C. Yearsley. 1974. Primary aquatic productivity. In report to the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries, Department of Environmental Protection, State of New Jersey, on the "Estuarine Evaluation Study". Rutgers University, Marine Sciences Center, New Brunswick NJ, Part 2.2., 28 p. Durand, J. B., M. L. Granstrom, and N. S. Rudolph. 1974. Water resources development in the Mullica River basin. American Water Resources Association, Water Resources Bulletin 10(2): 272-282. Durand, J. B., T. Sugihara, and C. Yearsley. 1976. Estuarine evaluation study, Part 1, primary aquatic productivity and nitrogen. Rutgers University, Marine Sciences Center, Camden NJ, 44 p. Dyer, K. R. 1973. Estuaries: a physical introduction. John Wiley & Sons, New York NY, 140 p. Earth Week Committee. 1970. The Delaware Valley environment: status and prospects, a source book for Earth Week developed from the technical symposium held in Philadelphia, April 4-10, 1970. Sponsored by Earth Week Committee in cooperation with the University City Science Institute and the Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce. Philadelphia PA, variously paged. Earth Satellite Corporation. No date. Regional ecological mapping and analysis of New Jersey resources. Edge, B. L. (Editor). 1972. Coastal zone pollution management. Proceedings of the symposium sponsored by Southeast Region Environmental Protection Agency and College of Engineering, Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina, 21-22 February 1972. Clemson University, Clemson SC, 282 p. Edwards & Kelcey, Inc. 1972. Open space plan and programs, Atlantic County NJ. Newark NJ. 26 Goldman, Joel C., and others. 1973. Inorganic nitrogen removal from wastewater; effect on phytoplankton growth in coastal marine waters. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Collected Reprints, Part 2, #3021, Woods Hole MA. Goldman, Joel C. and others. 1974. Inorganic nitrogen removal in a combined territory treatment marine aquaculture system, I & II. Algal bioassays. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Collected Reprints, Part 1, #3063 and #3036, Woods Hole MA. Goldshore, Lewis. 1977. Trends in environmental litigation: a survey of 1976 New Jersey judicial decisions and 1977 supplement. Rutgers School of Law, Camden NJ, Rutgers - 1977 supplement, 9(1): 2, 59, and 14 p. Goldshore, Lewis. 1979. Riparian rights handbook. New Jersey County and Municipal Government Study Commission and Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton NJ, 152 p. Golet, F. C. No date. Criteria for identification of outstanding wetlands. University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, 4 p. Good, Ralph E. 1965. Salt marsh vegetation, Cape May, New Jersey. NJ Academy of Science Bulletin 10(1): 1-11. Good, R. E., and T. Brown. 1976. Estuarine evaluation study, Part 3, marsh plant productivity: decomposition. Rutgers University, Marine Sciences Center, New Brunswick NJ, 53 p. Good, R. E., R. W. Hastings, and R. E. Denmark. 1975. An environmental assessment of wetlands: a case study of Woodbury Creek and associated marshes. Rutgers University, Marine Sciences Center, Technological Report 75-2. Good, Ralph E., Edward Lyszczek, Michael Miernik, Charles Ogrosky, Norbert P. Psuty, Janice Ryan, and Frederick Sickels, with Richard Kantor. 1978. Analysis and delineation of submerged vegetation of coastal New Jersey: A case study of Little Egg Harbor. Prepared for the Office of Coastal Zone Management, Division of Marine Services, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, 58 p. + 1 plate. Good, R. E., and K. Smith. 1974. Estuarine evaluation study, 2.1., marsh plant productivity. In Report to the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries, Department of Environmental Protection, State of New Jersey. Rutgers University, Marine Sciences Center, 80 p. Goodman, Joel M. 1973. Economic and social aspects of Delaware's coastal zone. University of Delaware, Delaware Bay Report Series, Volume 8. Goodwin, Richard H., and William A. Niering. 1974. Inland wetlands, their ecological role and environmental status. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 55(2): 2-6. 27 Gosselink, Paul G. 1973. The Delaware estuary system, environmental impacts and socio-economic effects. Economic and social problems of the Delaware estuary region. The Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia), The University of Delaware, and Rutgers University (NJ), Work Group on economic and Social Problems of the Delaware Estuary Region, A report to the National Science Foundation RANN Program, 40 p. Gosselink, James G., Eugene P. Odum, and R. M. Pope. 1973. The value of the tidal marsh. In Work Paper 3, Urban and Regional Development Center, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, p. 34-65. Gosselink, JH. G., E. P. Odum, and R. M. Pope. 1974. The value of the tidal marsh. Louisiana State University, Marine Science Department, Baton Rouge LA. Government Accounting Office. 1978. Potential for deepwater port development in the United States, a report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States. EMD 78-9, Washington DC, 64 p. Governor's Pinelands Review Committee. 1978. Planning and management of the New Jersey Pinelands, a draft report. Division of State and Regional Planning, Trenton NJ, 148 p. Graham, Herbert W. 1971. Role of biology. In Sidney Shapiro (Editor). Our changing fisheries. US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington DC, p. 88-107. Granstrom, L. L. No date. Water supply and coastal water technology in New Jersey. Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. Granstrom, M. L., g. H. Nieswand, and R. Ahmed. 1973. Water resources development in the Mullica River basin, Part II. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwaters of the Mullica River basin. Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, 55 p. Grant, Malcolm J. 1973. Rhode Island's ocean sands: management guidelines for sand and gravel extraction in state waters. University of Rhode Island, The Coastal Resources Center, Marine Technical Report 10, 51 p. Great Lakes Basin Commission. No date. The role of vegetation in shorline management, a guide for Great Lakes shoreline property owners. Ann Arbor MI, 32 p. Green, Jack. 1973. Future options of coastal energy, a report from Marine Technological Society. Proceedings of a conference on coastal zone management and the western states future, December 3 & 4, p. 122-128. Greenberg, M. R., and R. M. Hordon. 1976. Water supply planning: a case study and systems analysis. Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. 28 Greig, R. A., A. Adams, and D. R. Wenzloff. 1977. Trace metal content of plankton and zooplankton collected from the New York Bight and Long Island Sound. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 18(1): 3-8. Gross, >. Grant (Editor). 1976a. Mtiddle Atlantic continental shelf and the New York Bight, proceedings of the symposium at American Museum of Natural History, New York City, 3-5 November. Special Symposia Volume 2, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Lawrence KS, 441 p. Gross, M. Grant. 1976b. Waste disposal. NY Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 26, Albany NY, 32 p. Gross, M. Grant. 1977. Oceanography: a view of the earth. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs NJ, 180 p. Guard, Harold E., and Andre B. Cobet. No date. The fate of a bunker fuel in beach sand. In Biological effects. University of California, School of Public Health, Naval Biomedical Research Laboratory, Berkeley CA, P. 827-834. Gunther, Gordon. 1967. Some relationships of estuaries to the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico. In George H. Lauff, (Editor). Estuaries. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication 83, Washington DC, p. 624-638. Gupta, Tirath R., and John H. Foster. 1973. Valuation of visual-cultural benefits from freshwater wetlands in Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts, Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, Amherst MA, 12 p. Gusey, William F. 1976. The fish and wildlife resources of the Middle Atlantic Bight. Shell Oil Company, Environmental Affairs Department, Houston, Texas, 582 p. Gustafson, J. F. 1972. Beneficial effects of dredging turbidity, supposed toxicities of marine sediments. World Dredging & Marine Construction (December) 44-49. H1MDC (Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission). 1972. Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission Wetlands Order, procedure, and guidelines. The Commission, Lyndhurst NJ, 20 p. IHIDC. [1972] 1975. The Open Space Plan: Hackensack Meadowlands. The Commission, Lyndhurst NJ, folded pamphlet, 4 panels and map. Hagevik, George. 1972. The relationship of land use and transportation planning to air quality management. Rutgers University, University Extension Service, Center for Urban Policy Research and Conferences Department, New Brunswick NJ, 287 p. 29 Halasi-Kun, G. J., and K. Widmer. 1975. Proceedings of Columbia University I Seminar on Pollution and Water Resources (selected papers on special problems in ocean engineering). NJ Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Geology and Topography, Bulletin 75-B, Volume VIII, 173 p. Hall, J. B., Jr. and A. 0. Pearson. 1977. Results from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration remote sensing experiments in the New York Bight - April 7-17, 975. NASA TM X-74032, 186 p. Halvorson, William L., and William E. Gardiner. 1976. Atlas of Rhode Island salt marshes. University of Rhode Island, Coastal Resources Center, Marine Memorandum 44, unpaged. Hamer, Paul E. 1955. Old blue claws, summary of the biology of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus ratbum, and the dredge fishery. New Jersey Outdoors (July) 1-7. Hammon, Alfred. 1976. Port facilities and commerce. NY Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 20, Albany NY, 41 p. Hansen, Donald V. 1977. Circulation. NY Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 3, Albany NY, 32 p. Hansens, Elton J. 1973. Integrated control of blood-sucking diptera in seashore areas. Proceedings of the 60th Annual meeting of the NJ Mosquito Extermination Association, Atlantic City NJ, March 14-16, p. 96-102. Harms, Volker W., and Thomas J. Bender. 1978. Preliminary report on the application of floating-tire breakwater design data. State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Civil Engineering, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Research Report 78-1, Buffalo NY, 55 p. Harper, D. B., and J. D. Warbach (Editors). 1976. Visual quality and the coastal zone, proceedings of a conference/workshop, 29-30 May 1975. State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, School of Landscape Architecture, Sea Grant Visual Quality Project, Syracuse NY, 305 p. Harshberger, John W. 1909. The vegetation of the salt marshes and of the � salt and fresh water ponds of northern coastal New Jersey. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (August) 373-400. Hartzog, Lader & Richards. No date. Public beach access and recreation in South Carolina. Executive summary, 53 p. Haskell, E. H., and V. S. Price. 1973. State environmental management, case studies of nine states. Praeger Publications, New York NY. Haskett, S. 1976. Evaluating visual quality of the coastline: some I significant issues. College of Environmental Science and Forestry, School of Landscape Architecture, Sea Grant Working Paper, Syracuse NY, 19 p. 30 3 Haskin, H. H., and D. V. Ward. 1974. Benthic invertebrates and plankton. In report to the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries, Department of Environmental Protection, State of New Jersey, on the "Estuarine Evaluation Study". Rutgers University, Marine Sciences Center, Part 2.3., 59 p. Haskin, H. H., and A. s. Merrill. 1974. Report under cooperative agreement dated June 15, 1972 between National Marine Fisheries Service and Rutgers the State University to conduct an inshore inventory of surf clams along the New Jersey coast. Rutgers University, Department of Zoology, NJ Oyster Research Laboratory, and National Marine Fisheries Service, Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center, Oxford MD, unpaged. Hastinghs, R. W., and R. E. Good. 1977. Population analysis of the fishes of a freshwater tidal tributary of the lower Delaware River. NJ Academy of Science Bulletin 22(2): 13-20. Hatcher, P. G., L. E. Keister, and P. A. McGillivary. 1977. Steroids as sewage specific indicators in New York Bight sediments. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 17(4): 491-498. Hausman, Sibyl A. 1932. A contribution to the ecology of the salt marsh snail, Melampus bidentatus Say. American Naturalist 66: 541-545. Haughey, Gerald E., and L. Goldshore. 1977. The legal environment of water quality planning [in New Jersey, draft]. Prepared by the Delaware Valley 208 Joint Venture for the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. New York NY, 143 p. plus appendices. Havens, A. Vaughn. 1971. Report on meteorological effects of Forked River cooling tower. Rutgers University, Department of Meteorology, New Brunswick NJ. Heikoff, Joseph M. 1975. Shorelines and beaches in coastal management: a bibliography. Council of Planning Librarians, Monticello IL, Exchange Bibliography 876, 63 p. Heikoff, J. M. 1976. Politics of shore erosion: Westhampton Beach. Ann Arbor Science Publishers inc., Michigan, 173 p. Heinle, Donald R., David A. Flemer, Joseph F. Ustach, Richard A. Murtagh, and Roger P. Harris. The role of organic debris and associated micro-organisms in pelagic estuarine food chains. University of Maryland, Natural Resources Institute, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons MD, Technical Report 22, 54 p. Heintzelman, Donald S. 1971. Rare and endangered fish and wildlife of New Jersey. NJ State Museum (Trenton) Science Note 4: 1-25. Hess, K. J. 1977. Upland mineral resources and the coast, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 27 p. 31 Heusser, Calvin J. 1949. An ecological study of a former Chamaecyparis bog at Secaucus, New Jersey. Master's Thesis. Rutgers University, Department of Botany, New Brunswick NJ. Hicks, Steacy D. 1972. On the classification and trends of long period sea level series. Shore and Beach 40(1): 20-23. Hidore, J. 1974. Physical geography: earth systems. Scott, Foresman & Co., Oakland NJ, 418 p. Hirsch, A. 1974. NOAA's New York Bight Marine Ecosystems Anaylsis Project: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Marine Environment. Marine Technology Society Journal, 8(9): 29-34. Hite, J. C., and J. M. Stepp (Editors). 1971. Coastal zone resource management. Praeger Publishers, New York NY, 169 p. Hittman Associates, Inc. 1969. Forecasting municipal water requirements. HIT-43, Columbia MD, 2 volumes. Hobson, L. A., and others. 1973. Primary productivity and sizes of pools of organic carbon in the mixed layer of the ocean. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Collected Reports, Part 2, #2947, Woods Hole MA. Hochman, M. 1976a. Groundwater quantity and quality in the New Jersey coastal zone, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 60 p. Hochman, M. 1976b. Flooding, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 22 p. Hofweber, T., M. Stavnezer, and J. Jackson. 1977. A citizen's guide to the California Coastal Act of 1976. People, Access, Coastal Environment (PACE), San Francisco CA, 37 p. Hollister, C. D. 1973. Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States: texture of surface sediments from New Jersey to Southern Florida. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Collected Reprints, Part 1, #2566, Woods Hole MA. Hougen, S. e. 1976. Sand movement and the shoreline, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 26 p. Howells, C. P., and G. J. Lauer. 1959. Hudson River ecology, proceedings of Second Symposium on Hudson River Ecology, October 1969, Sterling Forest Conference Center at Tuxedo, New York, sponsored by NY University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Laboratory for Environmental Studies. NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany NY, 473 p. Hudson County Office of Planning. 1977. Hudson County offshore oil and coastal energy facilities study. Jersey City NJ, 115 p. 32 Hunter, J. V., S. L. Yu, and W. Whipple, Jr. 1975. Measurement of urban runoff petroleum. In W. Whipple, Jr. (Editor). Urbanization and water quality control, p. 162-168. Ichthyological Associates. 1969. A report on the American shad and other anadromous fishes taken in drifted gill nets in the Delaware River in the vicinity of Artificial Island during March-June 1969. Prepared for Public Service Electric & Gas Company, Salem Nuclear Generating Station. Miscellaneous Report 2, Middletown DE, 36 p. Ichthyological Associates. 1971. Ecological study of the Delaware River in the vicinity of Artificial Island, Delaware, progress report for the period January - December 1970, Part IV, ecology and early life history of striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in the Delaware Estuary. Prepared for Public Service Electric and Gas Company, Salem Nuclear Generating Station. Bulletin 4, Ithaca NY, 122 p. Ichthyological Associates. 1971. Ecological study of the Delaware River in the vicinity of Newbold Island. Progress report to Public Service Gas and Electric Co., for June - December 1970. Ichthyological Associates. 1972. Ecological studies in the bays and other waterways near Little Egg Inlet and in the ocean in the vicinity of the proposed site for the Atlantic generating station, New Jersey. Progress report for the period January - December 1973 to Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Ithaca NY, 3 volumes, 708, 527, and 393 p. Ichthyological Associates. 1973. Ecological studies in the bays and other waterways near Little Egg Inlet and in the ocean in the vicinity of the proposed site for the Atlantic generating station, New Jersey. For Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Ithaca NY, Part one - progress report for the period January - December 1972, 1-666; Part two - appendix tables on fishes, macroinvertebrates, and zooplankton, 667-1065; Part three, volume two - appendices, variously paged. Ichthyological Associates. 1975. Ecological studies in the bays and other waterways near Little Egg Inlet and in the ocean in the vicinity of the proposed site for the Atlantic generating station, New Jersey. Progress report for the period January - December 1974. For the Public Service Gas and Electric Company, 3 volumes, 490 p., 463 p., and 315 p. International Atomic Energy Agency. 1975. Origin and fate of chemical residues in food, agriculture and fisheries. Proceedings and report of joint FAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food & Agriculture. Vienna, Aus tr ia. Interstate Sanitation Commission. 1971. 1971 Hudson River survey conducted by the Interstate Sanitation Commission. New York NY, unpaged. Ipon. 1968. Identification of problems and opportunities and needs, existing and potential. (Fide Teeters 1968). 33 Isard, W., F. J. Cesario, and T. A. Reiner. 1975. Marginal pollution analysis for long range forecasts. Cornell University, Center for Urban Development Research, Regional Science Dissertation and Monograph Series 4, Ithaca NY, 529 p. 3 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1970a. Pureland Industrial Park natural resource inventory and analysis for site planning, Gloucester County, New Jersey. Prepared for Landtect Corporation, Philadelphia PA. Devon PA, 128 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1970b. A survey of college level training programs for environmental managers and technicians. Prepared for the Ford Foundation and the United Nations Association. Devon PA, 42 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1970c. Stockton State College natural I resource inventory and interpretation for campus site planning, Pomona NJ. Devon PA, 99 p. 1 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971a. Fairmount Park natural resource inventory and management interpretation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Preparef for the Commissioners of Fairmount Park. Devon PA, 485 p., variously paged. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971b. Birch Creek Watershed natural resources inventory and analysis to support application for quit claim on riparian lands, Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey. Prepared for Landtect Corporation, Philadelphia PA. Devon PA, 19 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971c. Sea Pines Community natural resource inventory and interpretation for site planning. Prepared for Sea Pines Plantation Company, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Devon PA, 359 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971d. Preliminary environmental assessment, Monsanto Company Property, Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey. Prepared for the Monsanto Corporation, St. Louis MO. Devon PA, 14 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971e. Tocks Island Lake assessment of potential for eutrophication of proposed Delaware River reservoir and environmental background data. Prepared for US Army Corps of Engineers, Philadelphia District. Devon PA, 261 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971f. An appraisal of the potential for cultural eutrophication of Tocks Island Lake. Prepared for Philadelphia District, Army Corps of Engineers. Devon PA, 140 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971g. Preliminary ecological evaluation and � recreational census, Little Tinicum Island and vicinity, Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Prepared for Philadelphia District, Army Corps of Engineers. Devon PA, 83 p. 3 I 34 3 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1971h. Merrimack-Black River Highway environmental impact assessment of alternative alignments across tidal wetlands. Massachusetts Department of Public Works, Boston MIA. Devon PA. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972a. Environmental Analysis and Report for Route 18 Freeway Extension, City of New Brunswick and Piscataway Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Ecological reports, soils, wildlife, limnological, and vegetation. Prepared by King & Gavaris, Consulting Engineers, for New Jersey State Department of Transportation, Trenton NJ. Devon PA, variously paged, 92 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972b. Impact assessment on vegetation, proposed widening of New Jersey Turnpike Between Exits 9 and 10, Middlesex County NJ. Prepared for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority, in association with King & Gavaris, New York City. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972c. Natural resources inventory and analysis for environmental impact assessment, proposed Beckett New Town, Gloucester County NJ. Prepared for Beckett Development Co., Philadelphia PA. Devon PA, 276 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972d. Indexed bibliography on coastal marshes and related areas. Prepared for NJ Department of Environmental Protection. Devon PA, 330 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972e. Proposed gasoline-fuel oil refinery environmental impact assessment to support application for riparian grant. Prepared for Shell Oil Company, Houston, Texas. Devon PA, 5 volumes. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972f. Preliminary draft environmental impact statement on a proposed 1976 Class I exhibition. Prepared for Philadelphia Bicentennial Corporation, in association with Bolt, Berrnek & Newman. Devon PA, 145 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972g. Draft assessment of the potential environmental impact of the construction and operation of a New Jersey Sprots and Exposition Complex at a site in East Rutherford, Bergen County, New Jersey. Prepared for the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority. Devon PA, variously paged, 300 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972h. Fire Island National Seashore, Suffolk County, New York: preliminary assessment of environmental resources as an inpact to a conceptual master plan. Prepared for National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, in coordination with Burns and Loewe, Scranton PA. Devon PA, 108 p. plus map folio and attachments. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972i. Union Beach transmission facilities [environmental impact assessment]. Prepared for Jersey Central Power & Light Co., Morristown NJ. Devon PA, 41 p. 35 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972j. Environmental review of the proposed Governor Alfred E. Driscoll Expressway (New Jersey Turnpike Extension). Prepared in association with Environmental Research & Technology, Inc., Lexington MA, for NJ Turnpike Authority. Devon PA, variously paged, 93 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1972k. Delineation of areas subject to periodic tidal flows for State regulation and preparation of administrative decisions on Maryland coastal wetlands. Prepared for Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis MD. Devon PA. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973a. Vegetation of St. Catherines Island, Georgia, as a resource for natural science research and planning. Prepared for the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Devon PA, 47 p. plus one map. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973b. Biological and water quality impact assessment, proposed liquified natural gas terminal, Burlington NJ. Prepared for Public Service Gas & Electric Co., in association with A. D. Little Co., Boston MA. Devon PA, 110 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973c. Biological impact assessment, Chevron Oil Refinery expansion Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Prepared for the Chevron Oil Company, in association with Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Lexington MA. Devon PA, 27 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973d. Summary of ecological studies and identification of sensitive sites, Forrestal Campus, Princeton NJ. Prepared for Princeton University. Devon PA, 80 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973e. General consulting report on streams, and draft steep slopes ordinance. Bridgewater Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. Devon PA, 64 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973f. Environmental ordinances and zoning for West Windsor Township, Mercer County, New Jersey. Devon PA, 70 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973g. Preliminary draft environmental impact assessment of five proposed alternatives for capacity expansion at Philadelphia International Airport. Prepared for Arnold Thompson Associates, Inc., White Plains NY, Devon PA, 70 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973h. Improvements to Garden State Parkway and Route 9 natural resources assessment, Toms River, Ocean County, New Jersey. Prepared for the New Jersey Department of Transportation, in association with Edwards & Kelcey, Inc., Newark NJ. Devon PA, variously paged. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973i. Proposed Airport High Speed Line environmental impact assessment from central Philadelphia to airport, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Prepared for City of Philadelphia, in association with Urban Engineers, Inc. Devon PA, 55 p. 36 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973j. Environmental impact statement on the construction and operation of Ocean Harbor, a residential and commercial development in the City of Brigantine, Atlantic County, New Jersey. Prepared for Brigantine Harbour, Inc., New York City, for submission to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Devon PA, 206 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973k. Environmental impact statement on the construction and operation of a 69kv electric transmission facility between Rio Grande and Wildwood, Cape May County, New Jersey. Prepared for the Atlantic City Electric Company for submission to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Devon PA. 192 p. plus 4 maps, scale 1:4,800. Jack McCormick & Associates. 19731. Environmental impact statement on the construction and operation of a dredged spoil disposal area in Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey. Prepared for American Dredging Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Devon PA, 114 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973m. Natural resource inventory and interpretation for site planning, Sea Pines Community. Prepared for Sea Pines Plantation Company, Hilton Head Island SC. Devon PA, 359 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1973n. Environmental impact assessment on the proposed Fall River Highway Bridge. Prepared for Massachusetts Department of Highways, Boston MA. Devon PA, 37 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974a. Environmental assessment for the proposed Salisbury Beach Connector, Essex County, Massachusetts. Submitted to Sasaki, Dawson, De~lay Associates, Inc. Devon PA, 149 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974b. Environmental impact statement on the construction and operation of a residential development: Uxbridge of Cherry Hill. Prepared in accordance with guidelines for amendment to Cherry Hill Ordinance 68.1. Prepared for Stein-Ridgway, Inc., Cherry Hill NJ. Devon PA, 20 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974c. Environmental impact statement on the proposed Beechwood development, Camden County, New Jersey. Prepared for Stein-Ridgway, Inc., Cherry Hill NJ. Devon PA, 27 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974d. Environmental impact statement on the proposed Centennial Lake development, Burlington County, New Jersey. Prepared for Stein-Ridgway, Inc., Cherry Hill NJ. Devon PA, 43 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974e. Court testimony on wastewater discharges, M{obil Oil refinery, Paulsboro, New Jersey. Devon PA, unpaged. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974f. Water and wgildlife refuge management plan and water quality study, Pennsbury Manor, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Prepared for the Warner Corporation, Philadelphia PA, in association with Cope, Linder & Walmsley, Philadelphia PA. Devon PA, 37 p. 37 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974g. Vegetation and wildlife management plan, Pennsbury Manor, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Prepared for the Warner Corporation, Philadelphia PA. Devon PA, 37 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974h. Review of environmental impact statement, Rockaway Townsquare, Rockaway Township, New Jersey. Prepared for Rockaway Township in association with Candeub-Fleissing Associates, Inc. Devon PA and Newark NJ, variously paged. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974i. Environmental impact assessment on the construction and operation of a residential and commercial development of Specially Planned Area 1, Town of Secaucus, Hudson County, New Jersey. Submitted to the State of New Jersey, Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission, Lyndhurst NJ, by Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc. Devon PA, 241 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974j. Camden County wastewater management and facilities plan, environmental impact assessment. Prepared for Camden County Municipal Utilities Authority, Camden NJ. Devon PA, 6 volumes. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974k. Cape May County wastewater management and facilities plan, environmental impact assessment. Prepared for Cape May County Municipal Utilities Authority, Cape May Court House, New Jersey. Devon PA, 5 volumes. Jack McCormick & Associates. 19741. Mobil-Paulsboro refinery modernization, environmental impact assessment. Prepared for Mobil Oil Company, Paulsboro, New Jersey. Devon PA, variously paged. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974m. Queen Anne's Harbor environmental impact statement on proposed 500 slip marina. Prepared for Research Homes, Inc., Columbia, Maryland. Devon PA, 85 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1974n. Environmental impact assessment on proposed widening of New Jersey Turnpike between Exit 8A and 9, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Prepared for NJ Turnpike Authority, in association with Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Devon Pa, 109 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975a. Application for a permit for the construction and operation of a sewer pipeline in the coastal area, Ocean City, Cape May County, New Jersey. Prepared for Ocean Air, Inc., for submission to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Berwyn PA, 12 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975b. Draft environmental impact statement on the proposed improvements to Route 147, between Burleigh and North Wildwood, Cape May County, New Jersey. Prepared for the New Jersey Department of Transportation, in association with Clauss & Nolan, Scranton PA. Berwyn PA, 251 p. plus map. 38 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975c. Environmental impact statement on the construction and operation of a residential development in Ocean City, Cape May County, New Jersey. Prepared for Ocean Air, Inc., for submission to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Berwyn PA, 21 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975d. Natural resource inventory of the Middle Run study area, New Castle County, Delaware. Prepared for the New Castle County Department of Parks and Recreation. Berwyn PA, 129 p. plus 32 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975e. Environmental assessment for the feasibility study for the land reclamation project, complementary urban development, City of Corinto, Nicaragua. Prepared for submission to the Autoridad Portuaria de Corinto and US-AID by Boswell--Ammann & Whitney-LAMSA, Ingenieros Consultores. Devon PA, 116 p. plus folio maps. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975f. Waterfowl in the Meadowlands Freeway (US Routes 1 & 9) study area, Hackensack Meadowland District, Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey. Submitted to the New Jersey Separtment of Transportation by Louis Berger & Associates, Inc. Berwyn PA, 25 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975g. Revised environmental impact statement for the proposed Tamarac development, Township of Medford, Burlington County, New Jersey. Prepared for Canetic Corporation, Berlin NJ. Devon PA, 29 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975h. Environmental inventory of the Fire Island National Seashore and the William Floyd Estate, Suffolk County, New York. Submitted to the National Park Service, Denver CO. Devon PA, 461 p. plus map folio. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975i. Biological inventory of Peck Beach Island, Cape May County, New Jersey. Submitted to the US Army Corpos of Engineers, Philadelphia District. Berwyn PA, 47 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975j. Biological inventory of Ludlam Beach - Whale Beach Island, Cape May County, New Jersey. Submitted to the US Army Corps of Engineers, Philadelphia District. Berwyn PA, 46 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975k. Environmental impact statement on the construction and operation of a residential development in the coastal area, Borough of Beach Haven, Ocean County, New Jersey. Prepared for the Maurice River Company, Millville NJ. Berwyn PA, 75 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 19751. Environmental impact statement for proposed Cape May Plaza condominium, Cape May City, New Jersey. Prepared for Philocles Anthopoulos & Associates, Philadelphia PA. Berwyn PA, 38 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1975m. The coastal wetlands of Maryland. Prepared for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis MD. Devon PA. 39 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976a. Environmental impact statement on a proposed plan for the Charleston Run subdivision, Cherry Hill Township, Camden County, New Jersey, prepared in accordance with guidelines for amendment (Ordinance 74-5) to Ordinance 68-1. Prepared for WCR Associates, Cherry Hill NJ. Berwyn PA, 22 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976b. Report to the National Commission of Water Quality on the environmental impact of the disposal of wastewater residuals. With Environmental Quality Systems, Inc. Bethesda MD, 3 volumes. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976c. A report on the suitability of Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge for designation as a natural landmark. Prepared for the National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. Berwyn PA, 15 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976d. A report on the suitability of Cedar Swamp for designation as a natural landmark. Prepared for the National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. Berwyn PA, 15 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976e. A report on the suitability of Cohansey Natural Area for designation as a natural landmark. Prepared for the National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. Berwyn PA, 13 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976f. A report on the suitability of Egg Island and Fortescue Wildlife Management Areas for designation as a natural landmark. Prepared for the National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. Berwyn PA, 17 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976g. A report on the suitability of Marsh Island Complex for designation as a natural landmark. Prepared for the National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. Berwyn PA, 22 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976h. A report on the suitability of Woodland Beach-Mud Flats for designation as a natural landmark. Prepared for the National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. Berwyn PA, 15 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976i. Application for the construction and operation of residential development in Ocean City, Cape May County, New Jersey. Prepared on behalf of EVED Enterprises, Ind., for submission to the New Jersey Separtment of Environmental Protection. Berwyn PA, 26 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976j. Quick-response environmental impact assessment of dredging and filling at Harmon Cove, Specially Planned Area 1, Secaucus, New Jersey. Submitted to the State of New Jersey, Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission, by Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc. Berwyn PA, 10 p. 40 Jack McCormick & Associates. 1976k. Ocean City sewer Coastal Area Facilities Review Act Application and Type B wetlands Permit. Prepared for Stein-Ridgway, Inc., Cherry Hill NJ. Berwyn PA. Jack McCormick & Associates. 19761. An assessment of beach erosion, with recommendations for the Borough of Ocean City, New Jersey. Prepared for the Borough of Ocean City. Berwyn PA, 102 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1977a. Supplemental socioeconomic environmental impact assessment on the construction and operation of an Island Residential development on Specially Planned Area 1, Town of Secaucus, Hudson County, New Jersey. Submitted to the State of New Jersey, Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission, Lyndhurst NJ, by Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc. Berwyn PA, 201 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1977b. Berrys Creek industrial discharge, food chain mercury assessment. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1978a. Environmental impact assessment on the proposed Oakwood at Madison subdivision site plan. Submitted to Township of Old Bridge by Oakwood at Madison, Inc., and Beren Corporation, Highland Park, New Jersey. Berwyn PA, 12 p. plus map folio. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1978b. Full environmental impact statement for the proposed Meadowlands Arena at the New Jersey Sports Complex, Borough of East Rutherford, County of Bergen. Prepared for the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority, East Rutherford, New Jersey. Berwyn PA, 277 p. Jack McCormick & Associates. 1978c. Environmental impact statement on a multipurpose development proposed on a tract of land in North Bergen and Secaucus, Hackensack Meadowlands District, Hudson County, New Jersey. Prepared for Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc. Berwyn PA, variously paged, 292 p. + 9 plates + appendix, 909 p. Jackson, Betty (Editor). 1978. Symposium on protecting the marine environment; research and regulation. Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA-600/9-78-006, Gulf Breeze FL, 37 p. Jagschitz, John A., and Robert C. Wakefield. 1971. How to build and save beaches and dunes: preserving the shoreline with fencing and beachgrass. University of Rhode Island, College of Resource Development, Marine Leaflet Series 4, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 408, Kingston RI, 12 p. Jay, D. A., and M. J. Bowman. 1975. The physical oceanography and water quality of New York Harbor and western Long Island Sound. State University of New York, Marine Sciences Research Center, Technical Report 23, Stony Brook NY, 71 p. Jeffries, H. P. 1959. The plankton biology of Raritan Bay. Doctoral Dissertation. Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. 41 Jeffries, H. P. 1962. Environmental characteristics of Raritan Bay, a polluted estuary. Limnology and Oceanography (1): 21-31. Jeffries, H. P. 1974. Ecological consequences of sewer outfalls in the Raritan estuary: an impact statement comparing six options. Jenks, B., J. Sorensen, and J. Breadon. 1976. coastal zone bibliography: citations to documents on planning, resources management & impact assessment, second edition. University of California, Institute of Marine Resources, La Jolla CA, Sea Grant Publication 49, 161 p. Jensen, Albert C. 1975. Artificial fishing reefs. NY Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 18, Albany NY, 23 p. Jensen, Albert C. 1977. New York's marine fisheries: changing needs in a 3 changing environment. New York Fish and Game Journal 24(2): 99-128. Joffe, Jacob S. 1949. The ABC of soils. Pedology Publications, New 3 Brunswick NJ, 383 p. Johnson, R. W. and J. B. Hall Jr. 1977. Remote sensing operations (multispectral scanner and photographic) in the New York Bight September 22, 1975. Langley Research Center. NASA TM X-73993, 14 p. Johnson, R. W., I. W. Duedall, R. M. Glasgow, J. R. Proni, and T. A. Nelson. 1977. Quantitative mapping of suspended solids in wastewater sludge plumes in the New York Bight Apex. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 49(10): 2063-2073. Jones, H. G. Mike, Harold Bronheim, and Philip F. Palmedo. 1975. Electricity generation and oil refining. NY Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas Monograph 25, Albany NY, 22 p. Jones & Stokes Associates. 1974. Development guidelines for areas of statewide critical concern. State Office of Planning and Research, Sacramento CA, Volume I. Kantor, Richard A. 1976a. The value of Atlantic white-cedar, Chamaecyparis 5 thyoides, to New Jersey. Kantor, Richard A. 1976b. Upland living resources: endangered,threatened, | and rare wildlife, a staff working paper. N4JDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 40 p. Kantor, Richard. 1976c. Ocean resources: physical, a staff working paper. I NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 31 p. � Kantor, Richard A. 1976d. Ocean resources: mineral, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 35 p. 42 3 Kantor, Richard A., and M. K. Pillsbury. 1976. Upland living resources: endangered and rare vegetation, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 45 p. Kantor, Richard A., 1977a. Ocean resources: living, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 31 p. Kantor, Richard A., 1977b. Estuarine and wetland resources, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 125 p. Karr, James R., and Isaac J. Schlosser. 1978. Water resources and the land-water interface: water resources in agricultural watersheds can be improved by effective multidisciplinary planning. Science 201: 229-233. Keith, James M. and Roger E. Skjei. 1974. Engineering and ecological evaluation of artificial island design, Rincon Island, Punta Gorda CA. US Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Technical Memorandume #43, Fort Belvoir VA. Kennedy, R. J. 1978. Second conference on power plant waste heat in aqua- culture, March 29-31. Memorandum to F. J. Politano, NJ Department of Labor and Industry, Trenton NJ, 4 p. Kennish, M. J., and R. K. Olsson. 1975. Effect of thermal discharges on the microstructural growth of Mercenaria mercenaria. Environmental Geology 1: 41-64. Kerby, C., and Andrew J. McErlean. 1972. Scientific personnel resource inventory: list and index to research scientists involved with the estuarine environment, especially the Chesapeake Bay. Smithsonian Institution, University of Maryland, and Virginia Institute of Marine Science, OLP/SI reference 72-li, NRI reference 72-83, 178 p. Kerfoot, W. B., and S. A. Jacobs. 1974. Cadmium accrual in a combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute #3175 Collected reprints, Part 2, #3175, Woods Hole MA. Kerwin, J. A. 1971. Distribution of the fiddler crab (Uca minax) in relation to marsh plants whithin a Virginia estuary. Chesapeake Science 12(3): 180-133. Kerwin, J. A. 1972. Distribution of the salt marsh snail (Melanpus bidentatus Say.) in relation to marsh plants in the Poropotank River area, Virginia. Chesapeake Science 13(2): 150-153. 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Weingart. 1977. Riparian law and coastal zone management in New Jersey, a staff briefing paper. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone M'anagement, Trenton NJ, not paged, 25 p. Kirschner, S. L. 1975. New York Harbor water quality survey, 1974. NY Environmental Protection Administration, Department of Water Resources, Bureau of Water Pollution Control, Albany NY. Kiry, P. R. 1974. An historical look at the water quality of the Delaware River estuary to 1973. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Department of Limnology Contribution 4, Philadelphia PA, 76 p. Klemas, V., F. C. Daiber, D. S. Bartlett, O. W. Crichton, and A. O. Fornes. 1973. Coastal vegetation of Delaware. Unviersity of Delaware, College of Marine Studies, Newark DE, 29 p. Klemas, V., J. F. Borchardt, and W. M. Treasure. 1973. Suspended sediment observations from ERTS-1: remote sensing of environment. Volume 2. Klemas, V., D. S. Bartlett, W. D. 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Kozicky, Edward L., and Francis V. Schmidt. 1949. Nesting habits of the clapper rail in New Jersey. Auk 66: 355-364. Kraft, J. C., E. A. Allen, D. F. Belknap, C. J. John, and E. H1. Haurmeyer. 1975. Delaware's changing shoreline. University of Delaware, Department of Geology, Delaware Coastal Zone Management Program Technical Report 1, Newark DE, 319 p. Kress, M. E. and others. No date. LNG transportation and storage: relative risks, hazards and alternatives. 28(2): 48-54. Krongold, Donna. 1975. Planning and management of the New York City waterfront (thesis abstract). NY Sea Grant Institute, State University of NY, Albany NY, 1 p. Krotee, Walter, and Richard Krotee. 1966. Shipwrecks off the New Jersey Coast. Krotee, Philadelphia PA, 114 p. Kudrna, F., C. Kueltzo, and P. Thomas. 1974. Survey of river basin planning techniques. Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality Report 74-48, Chicago IL, 15 p. 45 Kuenzler, Edward J., and Howard L. Marshall. 1973. Effects of mosquito 3 control ditching on estuarine ecosystems. University of North Carolina, Water Resources Research Institute, Report 81, Raleigh NC, 83 p. Kull, Robert A. 1977a. Surface and coastal water resources of New Jersey, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 216 p. 3 Kull, Robert A. 1977b. Areawide (208) water quality management and planning and the New Jersey Coastal Zone Management Program, opportunities for interagency coordination, a staff working paper. NJDEP Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 69 p. Lapping, M. B., P. A. Raup, G. C. Gustafsun, L. T. Wallace, W. R. Bryant, and H. E. Conklin. 1975. Symposium: agriculture and urbanization. Journal of American Institute of Planners (November) 369-397. 5 Laird, B. L., R. Green, and M. P. Lynch. 1973. Documents related to management of the coastal zone: an annotated bibliography. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering 40, Gloucester Point, 102 p. Lauff, G. H. (Editor). 1967. Estuaries. American Association for the 3 Advancement of Science, Washington DC. Lavelle, J. W., G. H. Keller, and T. L. Clarke. 1975. Possible bottom current response to surface winds in the Hudson Shelf Channel. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80: 1953-1956. Lavelle, J. W., P. E. Gadd, G. C. Han, D. A. Mayer, W. L. Stubblefield, D. � J. P. Swift, R. L. Charnell, H. R. Brashear, F. N. Case, K. W. Haff, and C. W. Kunselman. 1976. Preliminary results of coincident current meter and sediment transport observations for wintertime conditions on the Long Island Inner Shelf. Geophysical Research Letters, 3(2): 97-100. Lawler, Matusky & Skelly Engineers. 1975. First interim report on the U water quantity and quality and environmental impact assessment studies of the Hudson River, preliminary draft. Prepared for National Commission on Water Quality, Washington DC. Tappan NY, 107 p. Lawler, Matusky & Skelly Engineers. 1975. Second interim report on the water quality and quantity and environmental impact assessment studies I of the Hudson River, preliminary draft. Prepared for National Commission on Water Quality, Washington DC. Tappan NY, variously paged. Lawler, Matusky & Skelly Engineers. 1976. Environmental impact assessment: water quality analysis of the Hudson River. National Technical Information Service, Springfield Va. I I Lawler, Matusky & Skelly, Tetra Tech Inc., Ecological Analysts Inc., Espey, Huston & Associates, and Texas Instruments. 1978. thermal discharge reports. Submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency. The Utility Water Act Group, the Edison Electric Institute, and the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, 7 volumes. Lee, Richard F., Richard Sauerheber, and A. A. Benson. 1972. Petroleum hydrocarbons: uptake and discharge by marine mussel Mytilus edulis. Science 177: 344-346. Leilich, Barry L. 1972. Seasonal succession of fauna inhabiting eelgrass, Zostera marina. Trenton State College, Biology Department, Trenton NJ, 11 p. Lennon, Gerald A. 1978. OCS and energy facility planning project, Camden County. Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders and Environmental Agency, Camden NJ, 71 p. Lennon, Gerald A. 1978. OCS and energy facility planning project, Camden County. Prepared for the Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders, Camden NJ, 85 p. Leone, I. A. Air Quality in New Jersey. Rutgers University, Department of Plant Biology, New Brunswick NJ. Leopold, L., M. G. Wolman, and John P. Miller. 1964. Fluvial processes in geomorphology. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco CA, 522 p. Lettau, Bernhard, William A. Brower, Jr., and Robert G. Quayle. 1976. Marine climatology. NY Sea Grant Institute, MESA NY Bight Atlas IMonograph 7, Albany NY, 239 p. Levin, Michael H., and J. F. Brennan. 1970. Productivity and the winter ecology of the American brant. Wetlands Institute, Stone Harbor NJ. Levin, M. H. 1973. Ocean County tidal wetlands, ecological management and the law. Prepared for Izaak Walton League Ocean County Chapter. Environmental Research Association, Devon PA, 57 p. Lewis, J. Volney, and Henry B. Kummel. 1940. The geology of New Jersey. New Jersey Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Geology and Topography Bulletin 50 (Geologic Series), 203 p. Liggett, B., N. P. Psuty, and E. Goray. 1977. Archaeological and historical assessment of ocean outfall pipelines, Cape May County, New Jersey. Rutgers University, Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies, New Brunswick NJ, 19 p. Lill, Gordon. [1970]. [List of coastal activities.] California Advisory Committee on Marine Resources. (Fide Cronin 1977). Listokin, D. 1974. Land use controls: present problems and future reform. Rutgers University, Center for Urban Policy Research, New Brunswick NJ, 398 p. 47 Litchfield, C. D., J. P. Nakas, and R. H. Vreeland. 1977. Bacterial flux 3 in some New Jersey estuarine sediments. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Special Symposium 2, Section 7 (benthic processes), p. 340-353. 3 Livingston, R. J., C. R. Cripe, C. C. Koenig, F. G. Lewis III, and B. D. DeGrove. 1974. A system for the determination of chronic effects of pollutants on the physiology and behavior of marine organisms. State University System of Florida, Sea Grant Program Report 4, 15 p. LoPinto, R. W. 1973. A biological assay procedure for determining the 3 effects of industrial effluents on some key aspects of the Hackensack Meadowlands estuary, 71 p. Louis Berger & Associates, Inc., and Betz Environmental Engineers, Inc. 1976. Seciton 303(e) water quality management basin plan, northeast New Jersey urban area. Prepared for Division of Water Resources, Trenton NJ. Lund, R. C. 1972. Deer biology and habitat relationships. NJ Outdoors (October) 3-8. Lunz, John D., T. Zeigler, R. Huffman, R. Diaz, E. Clairain, and L. J. Hunt. 1978. Habitat development field investigations, Windmill Point Harsh Development site, James River, Virginia. Prepared for US Army, Chief of Engineers, Washington DC. Vicksburg, MS, 116 p. Lutz, Robert, and others. 1975. The development criteria of the preliminary coastal plan. University of Southern California. McCormick, Jack. 1952. The Pine Region Hydrological Rsearch project for 3 New Jersey. Cranberries, vol. 16, no. 12, p. 6 McCormick, Jack. 1954. Pine Region Research Project in Burlington and 3 Ocean Counties. New Jersey County Government (March), p. 10-11. McCormick, Jack. 1955. A vegetation inventory of two watersheds in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. (Publication no. 14,047). Dissertation Abstracts volume 15, p. 1707-1708. McCormick, Jack. 1961a. Vegetation development on a new island in Great South Bay, near Bayshore, Long Island. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, vol. 42, p. 159. UcCormick, Jack. 1961b. Ecology of inland waters and estuaries. (Review). AIBS Bulletin, volume 11, no. 5, p. 38. McCormick, Jack. 1968a. Pine Barrens of New Jersey, a study of significance. National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, Philadelphia, PA. vii + 75 p. McCormick, Jack. 1968b. The Plains: pigmy forests of the New Jersey Pine Barrens, a review and annotated bibliography. Bulletin of the New Jersey Academy of Science, volume 13, p. 20-34. 48 I McCormick, Jack. 1968c. Vegetation of the Wading River Ecosystem Complex and adjacent areas, New Jersey Pine Barrens. Bulletin of the New Jersey Academy of Science, volume 13, p. 98. McCormick, Jack. 1969. Annotated flora of the Kalbfleisch Field Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History, Suffolk County, Long Island , New York. Huntington, New York, The American Museum of Natural History, Kalbfleisch Field Research Station, 100 p. McCormick, Jack. 1970a. The natural features of Tinicum Marsh, with particular emphasis on the vegetation. In Jack McCormick, Robert R. Grant, Jr., and Ruth Patrick, Two studies of Tinicum Marsh, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania. The Conservation Foundation, Washington DC, p. 1-104. McCormick, Jack. 1970b. The Pine Barrens: A preliminary ecological inventory. New Jersey State Museum Research Report 2, 103 p. McCormick, Jack. 1971a. Introduction and description of Cape May County. In Brown, Otway H., and Edgar T. Wherry, Check-list of the vascular flora of Cape May County, New Jersey. Bartonia no. 40(1970) p. 1-18. McCormick, Jack. 1971b. Ecosystem management, with special emphasis on vegetation. New Jersey Audubon Society Nature News, volume 26, p. 100-110. McCormick, Jack. 1971c. Tinicum Marsh. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, volume 52, no. 3, p. 8, 23, and covers. McCormick, Jack. 1972. Statement of Dr. Jack McCormick, representing Eastern Group of the Sierra Club, Ecological Society of America. In Sub-Committee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation, 1972, Hearings on Tinicum Environmental Center. HR. 7088 to provide for the establishment of the Tinicum Environmental Center in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and for other purposes, October 29, 1971. United States House of Representatives, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session, Serial No. 92-17 (Fish and Wildlife Legislation, Part 3): 206-225. IcCormick, Jack. 1973. Vegetation of a section of Oldmans Creek tidal marsh and related areas in Salem and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey. New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin 17(1972): 31-37. McCormick, Jack. 1977a. Maximum heights of plants in freshwater tidal marshes. New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin, Volume 22, p. 28-30. McCormick, Jack. 1977b. Productivity of freshwater tidal marsh vegetation. [Abstract]. New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin, Volume 22, p. 41. 49 McCormick, Jack. 1978a. Wetlands of Potter marsh, Point Campbell to Potter 3 [Turnagain Arm, Cook Inlet, Anchorage, Alaska]. A study to determine the nature and extent of wetlands under US Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction pursuant to Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977. (With Wayne Pichon.) US Department of the Army, Alaska District, Corps of Engineers, [Anchorage, Alaska], 79 p. | McCormick, Jack. 1978b. Full environmental impact statement for the proposed Meadowlands Arena at the New Jersey Sports Complex, Borough of East Rutherford, County of Bergen. Prepared for the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority, East Rutherford, New Jersey. Jack McCormick & Associates, Inc., Washington DC, 277 p. McCormick, Jack. 1978c. Environmental impact statement on a multipurpose development proposed on a tract of land in North Bergen and Secaucus, Hackensack Meadowlands District, Hudson County, New Jersey. Prepared for Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc., Secaucus NJ. Jack McCormick & Associates, Inc., Washington DC, 300 p. and Appendix, 909 p. McCormick, Jack. 1978d. Ecology and regulation of freshwater wetlands. In 3 R. E. Good, D. F. Whigham, and R. L. Simpson (Editors). Fresh wetlands, ecological processes and management potential. Sponsored by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Rutgers -- the State University, and Rider College. Academic Press, New York NY, p. 341-355. McCormick, Jack. 1978e. The vegetation of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Frontiers (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), Winter Issue, p. 22-28. (With vegetation map in color, p. 25). McCormick, Jack. 1978f. Down among the sheltering pines. Science News, Volume 114, No. 13, p. 220-221. (Text by Dietrick E. Thomsen; cover and text photographs by Jack McCormick.) McCormick, Jack. 1979a. The vegetation of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. In Richard T. Forman, Editor, Pine Barrens exosystem and landscape. Academic Press, Inc., New York NY, p. 229-243. UcCormick, Jack. 1979b. Location boundaries of New Jersey Pine Barrens. In Richard T. Forman, Editor, Pine Barrens ecosystem and landscape. Academic Press, Inc., New York NY, 8 p. MIcCormick, Jack, and C. Grundmann. 1953. A preliminary bibliography of the vegetation of southern New Jersey. New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers, I The State University, Department of Botany. (Processed.), 5 p. McCormick, Jack, and M. F. Buell. 1957a. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, volume 83, p. 439. McCormick, Jack, and M. F. Buell. 1957b. Natural revegetation of a plowed field in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Botanical Gazette, volume 118, p. 261-264. 50 McCormick, Jack, and J. W. Andresen. 1960. Some effects of animals on the vegetation of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, volume 87, p. 375-385. McCormick, Jack, and J. W. Andresen. 1961. An infestation of pitch and shortleaf pines by the red pine sawfly in southern New Jersey. American Museum Novitates, no. 2032, p. 1-6. McCormick, Jack, and J. W. Andresen. 1963. The role of Pinus virginiana Mill. in the vegetation of southern New Jersey. New Jersey Nature News (New Jersey Audubon Society), volume 18, no. 1, p. 27-37. McCormick, Jack, V. Hicks, M. Jordan, and A. Smith. 1967. Pattern development in goldenrods on Long Island oldfields. New Jersey Academy I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ of Science Bulletin, volume 12, p. 49-50. McCormick, Jack, D. Harper, and W. Murray. 1969. Vegetation of Tinicum Marsh, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania. Bulletin of the New Jersey Academy of Science, volume 14, no. 1-2, p. 54-55. McCormick, Jack, S. Little, and J. W. Andresen. 1970. A selected and annotated bibliography of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Research Paper NE-164. 103 p. McCormick, Jack, and Leslie Jones. 1973a. The Pine Barrens: vegetation geography. New Jersey State Museum Research Report, variously paged, 73 p. McCormick, Jack, and T. Ashbaugh. 1973b. Vegetation of a section of Oldmans Creek tidal marsh and related areas in Salem and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey. New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin 17(1972): 31-37. McCormick, Jack, and J. W. Andresen. 1975a. New Jersey Pine Barrens Shrub cover: stable for 42 years. New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin, Volume 20, p. 18-19. McCormick, Jack, J. Schmid, and D. Pennington. 1975b. Ecological impact of the disposal of municipal sludge onto the land. In Proceedings of the 1975 National Conference on Municipal Sludge Management and Disposal. 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Report [on] purchased and self-supplied water used by the manufacturing industries of New Jersey, 1960 and 1962. Division of Water Policy and Supply, Trenton NJ. NJDCED. 1963b. Report [on] present and prospective use of water by the manufacturing industries of New Jersey. Division of Water Policy and Supply, Water Resources Circular 11, Trenton NJ, 12 p. :;JDCED. 1964a. Fisheries and wildlife resources in NJ. Division of Fish and Game, Trenton NJ. NJDCED. 1964b. New Jersey's Delaware Bay Shore, an inventory of lan use. Division of State and Regional Planning, Bureaus of Statewide Planning, of Community Development, and of Regional Planning, Trenton NJ, 39 p. NJDCED. 1966a. New Jersey's shore, an inventory and analysis of land use. Division of State and Regional Planning, Trenton NJ, 95 p. 60 NJDCED. 1966b. Ecology of salt marsh and coastal impoundments, fall utilization and kill, September 1, 1965 to January 10, 1966. Division of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Bureau, Project FAW 34-R-1I, Work Plan III, Job V Completion Report, Absecon NJ, 5 p. NJDCED. 1968a. Riparian rights. Bureau of Navigation, Trenton NJ, 15 p. NJDCED. 1968b. Summary of groundwater resources, New Jersey, with special reference to public water supplies. Division of Water Policy and Supply, Water Resources Circular 18, Trenton NJ, 53 p. NJDCED. 1969a. The distribution of striped bass, Roccus saxatilis, eggs and larvae in the Lower Delaware River. Division of Fish and Game, Bureau of Fisheries, Nacote Creek Research Station, Miscellaneous Report Il, Absecon NJ, 14 p. NJDCED. 1969b. A study of submerged dredge holes in New Jersey estuaries with respect to their fitness as finfish habitat. Division of Fish and Game, Miscellaneous Report 2M, Lebanon NJ. NJDCED. 1969c. Marsh destruction. Pittman-Robertson Project W-34-R-14, Job II-E, Division of Fish and Game, Absecon NJ, 9 p. 3;JDCED. 1969d. Population and migration study of major anadromous fish. Division of Fish and Game, Nacote Creek Research Station, Miscellaneous Report 3M, Absecon NJ, 6 p. NJDOE (New Jersey Department of Energy). 1978. Determination of the need for energy facilities; preliminary policy statement prepared as part of the Energy Master Plan. Trenton NJ, 35 p. JJDOE. 1978. Solid waste: its energy conservation and production potential; preliminary policy statement prepared as part of the development of the Energy Master Plan. Trenton NJ, 33 p. NJDEP (New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection). 1970a. A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Division of Water Policy and Supply, Water Resources Circular 22, Trenton NJ, 35 p. NJDEP. 1970b. Ecology of salt marsh and coastal impoundments, marsh destruction. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-34-R-15, Job II-E Progress Report, Absecon NJ, 17 p. NJDEP. 1970c. Study of the icthyoplankton associated with two of New Jersey's coastal inlets, April 1968 - March 1970. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Fisheries, Nacote Creek Research Station, Miscellaneous Report 7M, Absecon NJ, 10 p. NJDEP. 1971a. Ecology of marsh and coastal impoundments (mosquito control). Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Absecon NJ. 61 NJDEP. 1971b. Ecology of salt marsh and coastal impoundments, waterfowl harvest, September 1, 1970 to January 10, 1971. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-34-R-16, Job II-D Progress Report, Absecon NJ, 29 p. NJDEP. 1971c. Studies of the Mullica River - Great Bay estuary. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Miscellaneous Report 6M, Absecon NJ, 144 p. NJDEP. 1971d. Waterfowl harvest. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Report W-34-R-16, Absecon NJ. NJDEP. 1972a. Ecology of marsh and coastal impoundments - mosquito control. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-34-R-17, Job IIA Progress Report, Absecon NJ, 13 p. NJDEP. 1972b. Environmental guidelines for planning, designing and constructing interceptor sewers. Trenton NJ. NJDEP. 1972c. Marsh destruction. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Pittman-Robertson Project W-53-R-1, Job I-A, Absecon NJ, 13 p. NJDEP. 1972d. The New Jersey continuous air monitoring network. Division of Environmental Quality, Bureau of Air Pollution Control, Technical Bulletin A-71-1, Trenton NJ, 78 p. NJDEP. 1972e. Ocean disposal control regulation, basis and background document. Trenton NJ, 28 p. NJDEP. 1973a. Major public open space and recreation areas in New Jersey, Trenton NJ, 1 sheet, scale, 1:250,000. NJDEP. 1973b. Outdoor recreation in New Jersey: New Jersey statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plan. Office of Environmental Review, Trenton NJ, 224 p. 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Handbook for environmental commissioners. Office of Environmental Services, variously paged. NJDEP. 1974a. Anadromous fish spawning areas of New Jersey. Trenton NJ, 1 sheet, scale, 1:250,000. NJDEP. 1974b. Clapper rail studies. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Absecon NJ, 17 p. N'JDEP. 1974c. Eight month study of the Little Egg Harbor-Manahawkin Bay System. Division of fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Fisheries, Nacote Creek Research Station, Miscellaneous Report 14M, Absecon NJ, variously paged. NJDEP. 1974d. Endangered, threatened, peripheral, and undetermined wildlife species in New Jersey. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Trenton NJ. NJDEP. 1974e. Environmental design for the Boonton quadrangle, New Jersey. Office of Environmental Analysis, Trenton NJ, typescript. NJDEP. 1974f. Mullica River system - wild and scenic river study, draft. Trenton NJ. NJDEP. 1974g. New Jersey's white-tailed deer, a report on New Jersey's deer management program for Fiscal Year 1973-1974. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Trenton NJ. >IJDEP. 1974h. Summary of reports prepared under Project 3-137-R, an inventory of major estuarine systems. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Fisheries, Absecon NJ, 15 p. NJDEP. 1974i. Surface water quality standards. Docket No. DEP 012-74-11. NJAC 7:9-4 et seq. Division of Water Resources, Trenton NJ, 66 p. N-JDEP. 1974j. Three month study of the Maurice River and Cove. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Fisheries, Miscellaneous Report 13M, Absecon NJ, variously paged. NJDEP. 1974k. Waterfowl population and distribution survey. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management. Absecon NJ, 5 sheets, scale, 1:316,000. :NJDEP. 19741. Wetlands ecology: aerial surveys of waterfowl population, 1973-1974. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Absecon NJ. NJDEP. 1974m. Wetlands ecology, aerial surveys, waterfowl census. Division of Fish, Game and Shell fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-53-R-2, Job I-B Progress Report, Absecon NJ, i19 p. 63 NJDEP. 1974n. Wetlands ecology - wildlife indexes (waterfowl use and harves - Cedar Run). NJ Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Project W-53-R-2, Job I-E Progress Report, Absecon NJ, 12 p. NJDEP. 1975a. Atlas of coastal area land development. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ. NJDEP. 1975b. Coastal zone environmental inventory. Office of Environmental Analysis, Trenton NJ, unpaged. NJDEP. 1975c. Delineation of food web relationships of resident and migratory finfish species in Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey; interim report covering the period from July 1973 - June 1975. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Nacote Creek Research Station, Absecon NJ, 60 p. NJDEP. 1975d. Draft guidelines for evaluating CAFRA applications, open space and outdoor recreation. Division of Marine Service, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, unpaged. NJDEP. 1975e. Environmental map of New Jersey, bathymetry and geology map A. Bureau of Geology and Topography, Trenton NJ, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. NJDEP. 1975f. Environmental map of New Jersey, fisheries resources map B. Bureau of Geology and Topography, Trenton NJ, 1 sheet scale 1:250,000. NJDEP. 1975g. Leased oyster grounds of Delaware Bay. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Trenton NJ, 1 sheet, scale 1:19,200. NJDEP. 1975h. An inventory of the New Jersey coastal area. A report to the Governor and Legislature. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, variously paged. NJDEP. 1975i. A legal inventory: state and local laws affecting the New Jersey coastal area. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 40 p. NJDEP. 1975j. New Jersey wetlands ecology, ecology and management of streams (stream channelization). Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-53-R-3, Job IV-A Progress Report, Absecon NJ, 8 p. NJDEP. 1975k. New Jersey wetland ecology, ecology and management of upland swamps (Beaver Swamp). Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife MIanagement, Project W-53-R-3, Job IV-D Progress Report, Absecon NJ, 3 p. NJDEP. 19751. New Jersey's white-tailed deer, a report on New Jersey's deer management program for Fiscal Year 1974-1975. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Deer Report 2, Trenton NJ, 23 p. NJDEP. 1975m. Oyster seed beds of Delaware Bay, New Jersey. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Trenton NJ, 1 sheet, scale 1:80,000. 64 NJDEP. 1975n. Phase I water quality management basin plan, North Atlantic coastal basin, draft. Division of Water Resources, Trenton NJ, variously paged. NJDEP. 1975o. Proposed validation of bathymetry and groundwater data. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 17 p. NJDEP. 1975p. Report of the flood areas data validation meeting, September 18, 1975. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 12 p. NJDEP. 1975q. Survey of aquatic organisms, Caven Point Cove, Hudson River, Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Trenton NJ, 7 p. NJDEP. [1975r]. Land oriented reference data system (LORDS). Division of Water Resources, Bureau of Geology and Topography, New Jersey Geological Survey Bulletin 74, Trenton NJ, 151 p. NJDEP. 1976a. Interim land use and density guidelines for the coastal area of New Jersey. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 27 p. + 5 plates. NJDEP. 1976b. Alternatives for the coast. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 87 p. NJDEP. 1976c. Agriculture and the coast, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 80 p. NJDEP. 1976d. Alternative boundaries for New Jersey's coastal zone, a staff working paper. Division of marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, 55 p. NJDEP. 1976e. Alternatives for the coast, a staff report. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 87 p. NJD�P. 1976f. Cultural resources, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 43 p. NJDEP. 1976g. The Development of the boundary of the New Jersey Coastal Area Facility Review Act (CAFRA), a working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 31 p. NJDEP. 1976h. Environmental maps of New Jersey: A, bathymetry and geology; B, fisheries resources. Bureau of Geology and Topography, Trenton NJ, 2 sheets, scale, 1:250,000. NJDEP. 1976i. Fisherman access in New Jersey's marine environment. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Fisheries, Nacote Creek Research Station, Absecon NJ, 62 p. 65 NJDEP. 1976j. Interim land use and density guidelines for the coastal zrea of New Jersey. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, 27 p. NJDEP. 1976k. Model 2 information package, odor pollution, draft. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 17 p. NJDEP. 19761. Model 2 information package, residential energy demand. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 17 p. NJDEP. 1976m. New Jersey, research and/or survey, wetlands ecology, multi- marsh investigations, marsh productivity. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-53-R-4, Study I, Job I-F Performance Report, Absecon NJ, 8 p. NJDEP. 1976n. New Jersey wetlands ecology, multi-marsh investigations, wildlife indexes (Cedar Run estuarine evaluation study). Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-53-R-4, study I, Job I-E Final Report, Absecon NJ, 23 p. NJDEP. 1976o. Phase 1 water quality management basin plan, Delaware River tributaries, Zones 5 & 6, draft. Division of Water Resources, Trenton NJ, variously paged. NJDEP. 1976p. Phase 1 water quality management basin plan, South Atlantic coastal basin, draft. Division of Water Resources, Trenton NJ, variously paged. NJDEP. 1976q. Report on the fish kill off the New Jersey coast and its potential causes and consequences. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Trenton NJ, 22 p. NJDEP. 1976r. Residential air emissions information package. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 36 p. NJDEP. 1976s. Solid waste and the coast, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Sciences, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 67 p. NJDEP. 1976t. Upland living resources: endangered and rare vegetation, staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 45 p. NJDEP. 1976u. Upland living resources: endangered, threatened, and rare wildlife, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 40 p. NJDEP. 1976v. Urban runoff information package. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 38 p. 66 NJDEP. 1976w. Wetlands ecology, I - multi-marsh investigations, I-E wildlife indexes (nesting survey, Cedar Run study area). Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-53-R-3, Performance Report, Absecon NJ, 6 p. NJDEP. 1976x. Wetlands ecology, multi-marsh investigations, rodent populations (Cedar Run estuarine evaluation study). Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Project W-53-R-4, Study I, Job I-W Performance Report, Absecon NJ, 15 p. NJDEP. 1976y. Wetlands ecology, I - multi-marsh investigations, I-D waterfowl harvest, October 1, 1975 to March 30, 1976. Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Absecon NJ, 18 p. NJDEP. 1977a. Nominated areas of public concern in the New Jersey coastal zone. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 124 p. NJDEP. 1977b. Coastal management strategy for New Jersey. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 223 p. NJDEP. 1977c. Areawide (208) water quality management planning and the New Jersey coastal zone management program, opportunities for interagency coordination, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 69 p. NJDEP. 1977d. CAFRA EIS generic inventory elements. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, variously paged. NJDEP. 1977e. The "call for information" on coastal energy facility siting: an analysis of responses. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 58 p. NJDEP. 1977f. Coastal Zreas Facility Review Act environmental impact statement (CAFRA EIS) information guidelines: fish, shellfish, and wildlife resources. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, Cover Memorandum and 41 p. NJDEP. 1977g. Coastal management strategy for New Jersey CAFRA area. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton INJ, 223 p. NJDEP. 1977h. The collection of existing information and field investigations of anadromous clupeid spawning in New Jersey. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Fisheries, Miscellaneous Report 41, Lebanon NJ, unpaged. NJDEP. 1977i. Computerized geographical data base for coastal zone management and the intuitive-interactive model demonstration, final report. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone management, Trenton NJ, variously paged. 67 NJDEP. 1977j. Creel census of the summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, 3 sport fishery in Great Bay, New Jersey. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Nacote Creek Research Station, Progress report covering the period from April 1, 1977 to March 31, 1978, Absecon NJ, 12 p. NJDEP. 1977k. Energy facility siting issues in New Jersey's coastal zone, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 96 p. NJDEP. 19771. Land and water use classification for use in the New Jersey coastal zone planning method, draft working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 55 p. NJDEP. 1977m. List of New Jersey's biggest trees. Division of Parks and | Forestry, Bureau of Forestry, Trenton NJ, 8 p. NJDEP. 1977n. Nominated areas of public concern in the New Jersey coastal zone, a staff report. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 124 p. NJDEP. 1977o. Ocean resources: living, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 51 p. NJDEP. 1977p. Riparian law and coastal zone management in New Jersey, a staff briefing paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, unpaged. NJDEP. 1977q. Surface and coastal water resources of New Jersey, a staff working paper. Division of marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 216 p. NJDEP. 1977r. Transportation and the coast: a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 82 p. NJDEP. 1977s. Wetland ecology, I - multi-marsh investigations, I-D waterfowl harvest, to determine waterfowl utilizaiton and harvest and the value of specific marshes and their management to waterfowl hunting, October 1, 1976 to March 20, 1977. Division of Fish, Game and Shell Fisheries, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Absecon NJ, 26 p. I NJDEP. 1978a. A method for coastal resource management, a pilot study of lower Cape Iay County. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 178 p. NJDEP. 1978b. Ocean dumping of sludge, program through phase-out in 1981, Commissioner's conclusions and recommendations [and] staff report. Office of the Commissioner, Trenton NJ, variously paged, 49 p. NJDEP. 1978c. Definition of the preliminary coastal zone boundary for the Delaware River and northern waterfront regions of New Jersey's coastal zone. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 17 p. 68 3 NJDEP. 1978d. Preliminary coastal zone boundary for the Delaware River region, a staff working paper. Division of Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 53 p. 'NJDEP. 1978e. The pace of oil and gas development in Scotland (1970-1977); pointers for American planners. Division of 'Marine Services, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, 56 p. NJDEP. 1978f. A preliminary report on the findings of the State groundwater monitoring project. Division of Water Resources, Trenton NJ, 19 p. NJDEP. 1978g. Storm water runoff policy for coastal developments, draft. Division of Marine Service, Office of Coastal Zone Management, Trenton NJ, unpaged typescript. NJ Department of Environmental Protection and the US Department of Commerce. 1978a. State of New Jersey coastal management program, bay and ocean shore segment, draft environmental impact statement. 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NJ Department of Labor and Industry. 1976. Economic problems peculiar to the South Jersey coastal zone. Office of Economic Development Research, Division of Planning and Research, Trenton NJ. NJ Department of Treasury. 1973. Sixth annual report. Economic Policy Council and Office of Economic Policy, Trenton NJ, 120 p. NJ Governor's Pinelands Review Committee. 1978. Planning and management of the new Jersey Pinelands, draft report. Department of Community Affairs, Division of State and Regional Planning, Trenton NJ. 69 NJSCC (New Jersey Soil Conservation Committee). 1972. Standards for soil erosion and sediment control in New Jersey. Trenton NJ, variously paged. New York Department of State. 1978. New York State coastal management handbook. Albany NY. NY Ocean Science Laboratory. 1970a. The state of knowledge with regard to the effects of physical and chemical environmental conditions on marine biota with emphasis on the Long Island situation. Technical Report 0004, Montauk NY, 64 p. 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I I I i I g I I I 1 I i I PART TWO: DOCUMENTATION MATRICES INTRODUCTION The following matrices and text are intended as an aid in identifying important impact relationships and in referencing them. The primary changes in the land, edge, and water environments which result from the major impacting activities occurring there, are matriced on pageslO8,109, andl1O. These matrices are coded with a number for each impacting activity and letter(s) for each environmental change. Therefore when a specific impacting activity causes an environmental change, as indicated by a dot on a matrix, the intersection is coded. The use of this intersection coding system is shown by the following example. The point indicating that channelization causes decreased faunal abundance on the land matrix is coded 24-AA. This point is referenced on page 147 in Table 3 by the annotated reference numbers 95, 418, and 432. The causal relationship between the impacting activity and the environmental change is then briefly discussed in the Annotated Literature Citation section arranged by citation numbers on pages15l-186 . If specific references are desired for this point these are found in the Literature Cited section arranged alphabetically by the author (as given in the Literature Cited section) pages 187 - 209. In cases where references were not found to document a given point on a matrix, ND (not documented) was placed in the Annotated Literature Cited section to indicate this. Some of the references used in documenting points on a matrix may discuss the impact relationship in another type but in such a manner that it also applies to the type where used. For example; liquid waste disposal of heavy metals in the edge increases toxic substances in the edge. A reference discussing this relationship for the edge might also be used for the land because the relationship is very similar there. 107 7.RCHM=AS. 311NE ,ROTMWAM-R'4- 4-MAG 'WA-R:IEA? ,7= 7M~:OnaRz :AMA$OS-Z 31:~~~~~~~~~~~Ft-'M-n . - , 4N -, - iU3P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~-NNN NN NN NN - - ~ZUACSV do - -a m JRF-1AC: WC - a fla.:a --L4At LVR DQSR vX B F-AfLms: z "-so ns VLO"A a 2-hZ~ 7::SOLV~-S: flCEy ::ORAi.r ~ sons- AZ3SIhAZ ?AA3C--..M s::s 333SlA ? AACTW ::!' 2'm 'HO P ~ ~~~- a - -.WSA -rza=%lC7 :z a S 7333W.~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~d 2t.lsy:aamba 7ZAA.. -Z umnc Ioa =Z~AC I nc3 r* e as DZ =. Dereases10 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ t~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ - - - LV -MD :aSOLVNaZf :SCAAAGZ .13ugDAflRE - :2csES:A35:3M- - f l e e e 5 5 ?xLO'A.L 3 S in :SORLV -BNANEa JRAW ree : VR= :Mii 'AUNM. ~~~~3t'33bACCE " - ,3A :T'St S 9 SA-L I~tDS-In fl S 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ en ~~~~~~~~~~~~~som men a mks- .~~~sS rcs aA~~~~~~:0r gs uism a doea r~~~~~n~~~~fl215 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ am NisanCE *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 i s 7ID :w ac r I~O = Incrae 0 D:=ODecNSUreNas ~23. .x - I.Il !N:~f.A :AGE SSOL'AZ4:n SAL:2;t- ?AThOCGNS -3un w -,USk As- -C SZ3Sfl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~at ?a": a": A -d SinLMENTA:::~ ~ ~~~a a a 4A-x.nt :anny- 7AZSSAI. ASL9TA1;a - -C-7 * ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s - 1 !A2X .ALA~n a : -334 3s $ ~~A23IAS. 3 * 9 fl~Z S~~~~~~~ inmis~m i s Increase .1ZN D=_ _ D cr e a se Table 1. Annotated Documentation for Water Impacting Activities and their Subsequent Environmental Changes Impacting Activity #6: Filling-Unconsolidated Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # J 14, 31, 39, 207, 208, 210, 213, 256 L 7, 12, 13, 15, 20, 30, 81, 203, 211, 280, 348, 349 M 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 192, 202, 206, 212, 279, 280 0 221 P 212 Q 12 R 13, 19, 20, 21, 40, 41, 42, 43, 83, 204, 205, 212, 279, 280 S ND V 267 Y 21, 35 AA 7, 9, 10, 18, 21, 25, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 44, 187, 192, 193, 202, 209, 214, 279, 280 CC 7, 11, 186, 192, 193 EE 192 FF 5, 8, 10, 24, 31 GG 8, 17, 31, 37, 45 HH ND II 37, 45 KK 5, 10, 24, 31, 39, 212 LL 1, 2, 22, 23, 31 00 21 QQ 28 RR ND TT 21 I LrU ND ZZ ND BBB ND DDD 21, 28 EEE 21, 28 FFF 21, 28 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 5 ~~~~~~~~~~111 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #7: Filling-Consolidated Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # J ND L 350, 351, 353, 357, 359 M 351, 359 0 ND S 351, 353 U ND Y ND Z 321, 322, 323, 366, 374 AA 366 BB 321, 322, 374 CC ND DD 321, 322, 374 EE ND GG ND II ND LL ND 00 321 QQ ND RR ND TT 374 WV 374 ZZ ND BBB ND DDD ND EEE 321 FFF ND Impacting Activity #10: Dredging Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # C 220 J 14, 29, 31, 39, 207, 208, 210 L 7, 12, 13, 15, 20, 30, 69, 81, 203, 211, 279, 280, 348, 349 M 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 202, 212, 279, 280 0 221 Q 12 R 13, 19, 20, 21, 40, 41, 42, 83, 204, 205, 212, 279, 280 S ND ND = Not Documented at this Time. 112 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #10: Dredging (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation 3 Y 35 AA 7, 9, 10, 18, 21, 25, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 44, 187, 193, 202, 209, 214, 279, 280 CC 7, 11, 186, 193 EE 16, 38 GG 8, 17, 31, 37, 45 II 8 ii 14, 30, 31, 279, 280 LL 1, 2, 22, 23, 31 00 38 PP ND SS 203 W ND XX 21, 28, 31, 203 DDD 21, 28, 220 EEE 21, 28, 203 FFF 21, 28, 44 Impacting Activity #12: Insecticiding Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 175, 176, 215, 216, 217, 218, 313 Impacting Activity #13: Herbiciding Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # 5 L 318, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 113 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #15: Structural Support Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation J 317 L 283, 284, 317 M 285, 320 S 320 Z 321, 322, 323 AA 284, 285, 320 BB 284 DD 321 GG 284, 317, 320 JJ 320 LL 284, 320 00 298 RR 295, 298 W 285, 295, 298 DDD 284 EEE 298 FFF 283, 284, 285, 298, 317, 319 Impacting Activity #16: Vehicular Traffic Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation XX 360 EEE 360 GGG ND Impacting Activity #17: Water Transfer/Diversion Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND B ND C ND D ND ND = Not Documented at this Time. 114 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #17: Water Transfer/Diversion (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # AA 48, 50, 57, 61, 62, 68, 70, 72, 180, 183, 219, 226, 229, 232, 233, 234, 237, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 290, 291, 297, 371, 372, 377 CC 50, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 70, 72, 181, 199, 219, 227, 230, 239, 241, 331, 333, 373 EE 224, 225, 232 GG 66, 179, 183, 219, 234, 235, 243, 378 II ND LL 178, 183, 223, 266, 300, 301, 302 PP 219, 234 QQ 219, 234 RR 219 SS 219 TT 219, 228 AAA 49, 219, 371 CCC 49, 219, 371 DDD 47, 49, 66, 91, 198, 219, 225, 371 EEE 47, 49, 201, 219, 334 FFF 47, 51, 52, 91, 178, 181, 183, 219, 291, 313 Impacting Activity #20: Drainage Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation i J 102, 196, 399 L 196, 399 M 196, 246, 308 0 196, 309, 411 P ND Q ND R ND S ND ND = Not Documented at this Time. 115 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #21: Surface Water Demand Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation i F 53, 50 S 50 AA 50, 56 CC 50, 56, 62, 63, 64 EE 50, 56, 63 QQ ND DDD 58 Impacting Activity #22: Subsurface Water Demand Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation C ND DDD ND Impacting Activity #23: Culverting Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation J 315 M 315 AA ND EE ND CG ND II ND JJ 315 LL ND EEE 315 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 116 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #24: Channelization Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND D 336, 418 F 187, 188 J 270, 418 M 190 S 187, 188 AA 187, 233, 249, 252, 253, 254, 259, 260, 262, 263, 264 CC 191, 250, 267, 268, 269, 271 EE 251, 257, 274, 275, 276 GG 66, 255, 258, 265, 418 II 255, 258, 418 LL 258, 418 PP 190, 336 QQ 265, 418 TT 265, 272 DDD 273, 336 EEE 187, 189, 190, 273 Impacting Activity #26: Pesticides - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change - Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 175, 176, 215, 216, 217, 218, 313, 330 Y 75, 76, 176, 337, 339, 340 DDD ND Impacting Activity #27: Heavy Metals - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation I L 133, 330, 343, 346 Y 341, 343 DDD ND ND = Not Documented at this Time. 117 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #28: Nutrients - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # J 136, 139, 184, 376 L 184 M 174, 184, 303, 308, 376 R 136, 174, 184, 196, 306, 307 Y 137 DDD 389 Impacting Activity #29: Thermal Effluents - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # H 182, 184, 231 I 231 R 144, 184 Y 184, 343 DDD 125, 144 EEE 125, 144 FFF ND Impacting Activity #30: Organic - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # J 184, 187, 338, 347, 367 L 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 158, 165, 166, 167, 168, 172, 185, 286, 287, 299, 312, 338, 345, 349, 375 0 194, 195, 277, 287, 288, 289, 309, 310, 311, 312, 361 P 184 Q 184 R 77, 145, 184, 194, 197, 286, 287, 299, 306, 307, 312, 316, 338, 362, 367 S 77, 145, 306, 338, 367 Y 74, 152, 299 DDD 389 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 118 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #31: Hazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation I J 193, 194, 211 L 81, 280, 281, 350, 351, 357, 364, 366, 367 M 202, 350, 351 0 194, 357 P 351 Q 351 R 194, 353 S 351, 353 Y 211 Impacting Activity #32: Unconsolidated Non-Hazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # J 79, 80 M 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 202, 206, 212, 279, 280 0 221 P 212 Q 12 R 13, 19, 20, 21, 40, 41, 42, 43, 83, 204, 205, 212, 279, 280 S ND V ND Y 35 AA 7, 9, 10, 18, 21, 25, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 44, 187, 193, 202, 209, 214, 279, 280 CC 7, 11, 186, 193 EE ND FF ND GG 8, 17, 31, 37, 45 II ND KK 5, 10, 24, 31, 212 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 119 Table 1. Water (Contd.) Impacting Activity #32: Unconsolidated Non-Hazardous - Solid Waste Disposal (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # LL 1, 2, 22, 23, 31 00 ND QQ 28 TT ND UU ND DDD 21, 28 Impacting Activity #33: Consolidated Non-Hazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # J ND M 351, 359 R 353, 357 S ND U ND Y ND Z 321, 322, 323, 366, 374 AA 366 BB ND CC ND DD 321 EE ND GG ND II 321 LL ND 00 ND QQ ND TT ND W ND DDD ND ND Not Documented at this Time. 120 l -Nw S I Table 1. Water (Contd.) U Impacting Activity #34: Particulates - Air Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # J ND L 314, 354, 355, 356, 368, 369, 370 M 314 I0 314 P 314 lQ 314 I S ND | Impacting Activity #35: Gases - Air Waste Disposal Environmental Change I ~Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation# L 314 I -IZ~~ M 314 P 314 Q 314 Impacting Activity #36: Hazards Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # G ND H ND I|~ ~ I ND L 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 169, 170, 171, 173, 282, 286, 342, 343, 344, 352, 354, 355, 356, 358, 363, 364, 365 NM 173, 286 *3~~ ~ 0 277, 286, 288, 289 P 286 Q 286 ND = Not Documented at this Time. ~~~I~~~~~~~~121 3 121 Table 1. Water (Concluded) Impacting Activity #36: Hazards (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # R 286, 287 S ND Y 152, 157, 160 PP ND QQ ND BBB ND DDD ND EEE ND * *J * 122 Table 2. Annotated Documentation for Edge Impacting Activities and their Subsequent Environmental Changes Impacting Activity #1: Compaction Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND N ND Y ND AA 409 CC 409 EE 409 GG 408, 415 II 408, 415 LL 408, 415 NN ND WW 413 Impacting Activity #2: Woody Clearing Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 92 X ND Y ND AA 398 CC 398 EE 398 GG 93, 398 II 93, 398 LL 93, 398 WW 92, 93, 97, 98 XX 92, 93, 98 Impacting Activity #3: Herbaceous Clearing Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 92 X ND Y ND AA 398 CC 398 EE 398 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 123 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #4: Herbaceous Clearing (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # GG 93, 398 II 93, 398 LL 93, 398 WW 92, 93, 97, 98 XX 92, 93, 98 Impacting Activity #5: Diking Environmental Change ;I Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND D ND N 49, 65, 142, 266, 371 X 49, 142, 371, 380 AA 67, 282, 371, 396 CC 67, 282, 371, 396 EE 67, 282, 371, 396 FF 400 GG 84 HH ND II 400 KK 84 LL 142, 396 NN 380 RR 371 TT ND W ND YY 380 AAA 142, 371, 380 BBB ND CCC 142, 371, 380 DDD 142, 371, 380 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 124 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #6: Filling - Unconsolidated Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 108, 110 D 108 L 7, 12, 13, 15, 20, 30, 109, 134, 135, 203, 211, 348, 349 M ND N ND 0 ND U ND V 87, 108 Y 35, 108 AA 7, 9, 10, 18, 21, 25, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 44, 87, 112, 187, 193, 202, 209, 214, 280 CC 7, 11, 112, 186, 193 EE 112 FF 389, 394 GG 8, 17, 31, 37, 45, 87, 108, 134 HH 389 II 112 KK 389 LL 1, 2, 22, 23, 31, 112, 278 NN ND RR ND SS ND TT ND UU ND W ND WW ND YY ND AAA ND CCC ND DDD 21, 28, 108 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 125 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #7: Filling-Consolidated Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 108 L ND M 405 N 405 U ND Y 108 Z 321,322,323,366,374 AA 366 BB 374, 388 CC ND DD 321, 374 EE ND GG ND II ND LL ND NN ND RR ND SS ND TT 374 W 111, 374 WW ND XX ND YY ND AAA ND CCC ND DDD ND Impacting Activity #8: Excavating Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND C 103, 403 L 106 M ND N 103 U 103 V 103 ND = Not Documented at this Time. 126 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #.S Excavating (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # Y 89, 104, 106 AA 94, 103, 104 CC 385 EE 385 GG 94, 103, 104, 402 II 402 LL 402 NN 103 SS 104 TT 104 VV ND WW 103 XX 103, 105 ZZ ND BBB ND DDD 89, 103, 406, 407 Impacting Activity #9: Impervious Surface Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 90 D 90, 99, 100 N 96 Y 96 AA 89, 95, 96, 100, 101 CC 89, 94, 95 EE 94, 95, 101 GG 89, 95, 96, 100 II 96 LL 96 NN 90, 96 RR ND SS ND TT 96 VV ND WW 90, 100 Xx 96 YY ND DDD 99 ND = Not Documented at this Time 127 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #10: Dredging Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND C ND L 7, 12, 13, 15, 20, 30, 81, 109, 134, 135, 203, 211, 280, 348, 349 M 3, 5, 6, 8 N 29, 31 O 221 U ND V ND Y 12, 13, 15 AA 7, 9, 10, 18, 21, 25, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 44, 86, 87, 187, 193, 202, 209, 214, 280 CC 7, 11, 112, 186, 193 EE 112 GG 112 II 112 LL 1, 2, 22, 23, 31, 112, 278 NN ND SS ND TT ND W ND XX 26,28, 31, 108, 112, 222 ZZ ND BBB ND DDD 21, 28, 108 Impacting Activity #11: Fertilizing Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # M ND Impacting Activity #12: Insecticiding Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 384, 395, 419, 420, 422, 423 ND = Not Documented at this Time 128 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #13: Herbiciding Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 419 Impacting Activity #14: Irrigating Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND Y ND AA 243, 244 CC 243, 244 EE 243, 244 FF 382 II ND KK ND LL ND NN ND XX ND DDD 244 Impacting Activity #15: Structural Support Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND N ND W 284, 285, 317 Z ND AA 113, 114, 387 BB ND CC 113, 114, 387 DD ND EE 113, 114, 387 GG 89, 113, 114 II 89, 113, 114 LL 89, 113, 114 NN ND ND Not Documented at this Time 129 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #15: Structural Support (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # RR ND SS ND TT 114 VV ND XX 114 YY 405 AAA ND CCC 405 DDD 89 Impacting Activity #16: Vehicular Traffic Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 370 AA 391, 392 CC 391, 392 EE 391, 392 GG 360, II 360 LL 360 XX 360 GGG 391, 392 Impacting Activity #17: Water Transfer/Diversion Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND B 389 C 143 N 50, 66, 91, 107, 115, 142, 229, 266, 332 Y ND Z 48, 50, 57, 199, 219, 224, 372 ND = Not Documented at this Time 130 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #17: Water Transfer/Diversion (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # AA 48, 50, 57, 61, 62, 68, 70, 72, 110, 146, 177, 180, 183, 219, 226, 229, 232, 233, 234, 237, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 290, 291, 297, 371, 372, 377 BB 50, 199, 200, 219 CC 50, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 70, 72, 115, 121, 130, 177, 181, 199, 219, 227, 230, 239, 241, 331, 333, 373 EE 224, 225, 232 FF 66, 179, 219, 236, 378 GG 66, 107, 110, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 138, 179, 183, 219, 234, 235, 243, 378 HH ND II ND KK ND LL 118, 119, 120, 138, 178, 183, 300, 301, 302 NN ND RR 219 SS 219 TT 219 UU ND W ND WW 107, 110, 371 XX 47, 49, 91, 107, 110, 219, 228, 371 YY 47, 49, 66, 219 DDD 47, 49, 66, 91, 142, 198, 219, 225, 371, 389 Impacting Activity #18: Inundation Environmental Change Matrix Code letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND D ND L 107 Y 107 Z ND AA 107, 121 BB ND CC 107, 121 ND = Not Documented at this Time 131 I Table 2. Edge (Contd.) l Impacting Activity #18: Inundation (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # DD ND EE 107, 121 FF 404 GG 107, 404, 427 HH 404, 427 II 107, 404 KK ND LL 107 NN ND SS 107 XX 107 I ZZ ND BBB ND DDD 107 Impacting Activity #19: Landscape/ROW Management Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # Z 389 AA ND DD 389 FF 389 GG 389 HE 389 KK 389 LL ND I NN ND XX ND I Impacting Activity #20: Drainage Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 102 C 85, 102 Y 88 ND = Not Documented at this Time 132 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #20: Drainage (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation AA 85, 102, 117, 144, 145 CC 88 EE ND GG 83, 85, 102, 117, 144, 145 II 82 LL 82, 144 INN ND WW 102 XX 117 DDD 88, 102 Impacting Activity #21: Surface Water Demand Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation ! B ND C ND DDD 50, 53, 55, 56, 62, 64 Impacting Activity #22: Subsurface Water Demand Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND C 416 DDD 416 Impacting Activity #23: Culverting Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation i B 315 AA 95, 315 CC 95, 315 EE 95, 315 ND = Not Documented at this Time 133 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) impacting Activity #23: Culverting Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # GG 95, 315 II 95, 315 LL ND DDD 315 Impacting Activity #24: Channelization Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 143, 223 C 143, 223, 336 N 66 AA 95, 187, 233, 249, 252, 253, 254, 255, 260, 262, 263 CC 95, 191, 250, 267, 268, 269, 271 EE 95, 251, 257, 274, 275, 276 GG 66, 95, 141, 255, 258, 265 II 95, 141 LL 95, 141 RR 223 YY ND DDD 141, 143, 223, 335 Impacting Activity #25: Pedestriam Traffic Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # AA 387, 392, 409 CC 387, 392, 409 EE 387, 392, 409 GG 409, 415 II 409, 415 LL 415 NN 415 ND = Not Documented at this Time 134 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #26: Pesticides-Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND L 338, 384, 395, 419, 422, 423 DDD ND Impacting Activity #27: Heavy Metals - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND L 293, 338 DDD ND Impacting Activity #28: Nutrients - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND L 287, 338 M 287, 338 DDD 389 Impacting Activity #29: Thermal Effluents - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND AA 126, 127, 131, 132 CC 78, 140 EE 127, 132, 182 FF 124, 305, 421 GG 305 HH 304 II ND KK 124, 305, 421 LL 122, 123, 128, 129, 305 DDD 125, 144 ND = Not Documented at this Time 135 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #30: Organic - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND L 286, 287, 294, 295, 299, 312, 338, 347, 349 0 194, 195, 277, 287, 288, 289, 309, 310, 311, 312, 361 DDD 389 Impacting Activity #31: Hazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 280, 281, 359, 364, 379 M 359, 379 N ND ~~~~~0 ~359, 379 Y ND Impacting Activity #32: Unconsolidated Nonhazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 108 M 306,307,350,353 N 26, 223 U ND V ND Y 35 AA 7, 9, 10, 18, 21, 25, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 44, 87, 112, 187, 193, 202, 209, 214, 280 CC 7, 11, 112, 186, 193 EE 112 FF ND GG 8, 17, 31, 37, 45, 87, 108, 134 HH ND II 112 ND = Not Documented at this Time 136 Table 2. Edge (Contd.) Impacting Activity #32: Unconsolidated Nonhazardous - Solid Waste Disposal (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # KK ND LL 1, 2, 22, 23, 31, 112, 278 NN 26 RR ND TT 28, 108 UU 28, 108 W 28 WW ND YY ND AAA ND CCC ND DDD 21, 28, 108 Impacting Activity #33: Consolidated Nonhazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND M 379 N 379 U ND Y ND Z 321, 322, 323, 366, 374 AA 366, 374 BB 374 CC 374 DD 321, 374 EE 374 GG 379 II 321, 379 LL 379 NN 379 RR ND TT ND VV 111, 374 WW ND YY ND AAA ND CCC ND DDD ND ND = Not Documented at this Time 137 Table 2. Edge (Concluded) Impacting Activity #34: Particulates - Air Waste Bisposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 314, 351, 353, 354, 355, 356, 368, 369, 370 M ND 0 ND NN ND XX ND Impacting Activity #35: Gases - Air Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 370 M ND XX ND Impacting Activity #36: Hazards Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND C ND L 74, 77, 133, 135, 148, 149, 153, 154, 156, 158, 160, 185, 281, 282, 287, 330, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 363, 364, 365, 379 M 287 0 287 NN 172 ZZ 282 BBB 282 DDD 282 * * * * ND = Not Documented at this Time 138 Table 3. Annotated Documentation for Land Impacitng Activities and their Subsequent Environmental Changes Impacting Activity #1: Compaction Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND AA 409 CC 409 EE 409 GG 408, 415 II 408, 415 LL 408, 415 NN ND WW 413 DDD ND Impacting Activity #2: Woody Clearing Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 92 AA 398, 410 CC 398, 410 EE 398, 410 FF 93, 410, 412 GG 93, 398, 410 HH 93, 410 II 93, 398, 410 KK ND LL 410 WW 92, 93, 97, 98, 412, 417, 433 XX 92, 93, 98, 412, 428 DDD 92, 431 Impacting Activity #3: Herbaceous Clearing Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 92 AA 398, 410 ND = Not Documented at this Time 139 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #3: Herbaceous Clearing (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation CC 398, 410 EE 398, 410 FF 93, 410, 412 GG 93, 398, 410 HH 93, 410 II 93, 398, 410 KK ND LL 410 WW 92, 93, 97, 98, 412, 417, 433 XX 92, 93, 98, 412, 428 DDD 92, 431 Impacting Activity- #4: Plowing/Discing Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND AA ND CC ND EE ND FF ND GG ND II ND KK ND LL ND MM ND YY ND DDD ND Impacting Activity #5: Diking Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND L4 84, 380, 394, 396, 400 CC 380 EE 380 ND = Not Documented at this Time 140 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #5: Diking (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # GG 84, 380, 394, 396, 400 II 400 LL 84, 396 NN 380 YY 396 AAA 380, 396 CCC 380, 394, 396 DDD 380, 394, 396 Impacting Activity #6: Filling - Unconsolidated Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 108, 110 L 109, 134, 135 M ND N ND O ND AA 388, 393, 394, 424 CC 424 EE 388, 393 FF 389, 394 GG 388, 394, 424 HH 389 II 388, 424 KK 389 LL 112, 278, 394 MM ND NN ND WW ND YY ND AAA ND CCC ND DDD 509 ND = Not Documented at this Time 141 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #7: Filling - Consolidated Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation B 108 L ND M 405 N 405 AA 374, 388, 405 CC 374, 388 EE 374, 388, 405 GG 405 II ND LL ND NN ND WW ND YY ND AAA ND CCC ND DDD ND Impacting Activity #8: Excavating Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND C 103, 403 N 103 AA 385, 402 CC 385, 402 EE 381, 385, 402 GG 103, 385, 402 II 402 LL 402 NN ND XX 103 DDD 103, 406, 407 ND= Not Documented at this Time 142 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #9: Impervious Surface Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 90, 99, 100 N 96 AA 96, 100 CC 96, 100 EE 96, 100 GG 96 II 96 LL 96 NN 90, 96 WW 90,96, 98, 100 YY ND DDD 90, 96, 99, 100 Impacting Activity #11: Fertilizing Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # M ND Impacting Activity #12: Insecticiding Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 384, 395, 419, 420, 422, 423 Impacting Activity #13: Herbiciding Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 419 ND = Not Documented at this Time 143 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #14: Irrigating Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND FF 382 HH 382 KK ND Impacting Activity #15: Structural Support Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation i AA 387 CC 387 EE 387 GG 405 II 405 LL 405 YY 405 Impacting Activity #16: Vehicular Traffic Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation L 370 M ND AA 391, 392 GGG 391, 392 Impacting Activity #17: Water Transfer/Diversion Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND B 389 C ND D ND DDD 389, 399 ND = Not Documented at this Time 144 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #18: Inundation Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND AA 107, 121 CC 107, 121 EE 107, 121 GG 107, 120, 247, 404, 427 II 107, 120, 247, 427 LL 107, 247, 427 NN ND XX 107 YY 115 Impacting Activity #19: Landscaping/ROW Management Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # FF 389 GG 389 HH 389 II ND KK ND LL ND WW 510 Impacting Activity #20: Drainage Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 102 N ND Z ND BB ND DD ND FF 425 GG 82, 425 HH 425 II 82, 425 KK ND LL 82 ND = Not Documented at this Time 145 Table 3. Land ( Contd.) Impacting Activity #20: Drainage (Contd.) Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation WW 399, 417 DDD 399, 425 Impacting Activity #21: Surface Water Demand Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation B ND C ND DDD 50, 53, 62, 64 Impacting Activity #22: Subsurface Water Demand Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation C 416 DDD 416 L-pacting Activity #23: Culverting Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation B 315 AA ND GG ND LL ND DDD 315 ND = Not Documented at this Time 146 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #24: Channelization Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation B 418, 432 C 143, 223 AA 95, 418, 432 GG 95, 418, 432 LL 95 XX 223 YY ND DDD 418, 432 Impacting Activity #25: Pedestrian Traffic Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation AA 387, 392, 409 CC 387, 392, 409 EE 387 GG 409, 415 II 415 LL 415 NN 415 Impacting Activity #26: Pesticides -Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation i A ND L 338, 384, 395, 419, 422, 423 DDD ND Impacting Activity #27: Heavy Metals - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND L 338, 399 DDD 399 ND = Not Documented at this Time 147 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #28: Nutrients - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # A ND L 287, 338 M 287, 338 DDD 389 Impacting Activity #29: Thermal Effluents - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND FF 305, 421 GG 305 HH ND II ND KK 305 LL 305 DDD ND Impacting Activity #30: Organic - Liquid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation A ND L 287, 338 0 287, 411 DDD 389 Impacting Activity #31: Hazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation L 350, 353, 359, 364, 365 M 350, 353, 359, 379 O 350, 359, 379 ND = Not Documented at this Time 148 Table 3. Land (Contd.) Impacting Activity #32: Unconsolidated Nonhazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B 108 M 350, 353 N 223 AA 379, 389, 424 CC ND EE 379, 424 FF ND GG 379, 424 HH ND II 379, 424 IKK ND LL 424 MM ND NN ND WW ND YY ND DDD 108 Impacting Activity #33: Consolidated Nonhazardous - Solid Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND M 379 N 379 AA ND CC ND EE ND GG 379 II 379 LL 379 NN ND WW ND YY ND DDD ND ND = Not Documented at this Time 149 Table 3. Land (Concluded) Impacting Activity #34: Particulates - Air Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 368, 369, 370 M ND 0 ND NN ND XX ND Impacting Activity #35: Gases - Air Waste Disposal Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # L 370 M ND XX ND Impacting Activity #36: Hazards Environmental Change Matrix Code Letter(s) Annotated Literature Citation # B ND C ND L 135, 149, 153, 156, 157, 158, 185, 281,287, 330, 345, 350, 353, 359, 364, 365, 379 M 287, 350, 353, 359, 379 0 287, 350, 353, 379 NN 172 ZZ 282 BBB 282 DDD 282 ND = Not Documented at this Time * * 150 150 Annotated Literature Citations for Documentation Matrices 1. Ingle 1952: Dredging effects on primary production. Reported reduced primary production near dredged channels in highly turbid area. 2. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory 1970: Reduction in phytoplankton primary production in vicinity of dredge channels is only temporary. 3. Windom 1973: Ammonia enrichment was result of estuarine dredging. 4. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory 1970: 1000 x increase in total phos- phorus and 50 x total nitrogen in the water over dredge spoils in Chesapeake Bay. 5. Subba Rao 1973: Nutrient remobilization during dredging produced 3-13 fold increase in primary production in tropical coastal lagoon. 6. Kaplan et al. 1974: After dredging ended, no increase in phytoplankton occurred despite increase in nutrients. 7. Pequegnat 1978: Toxic effects of dredging on zooplankton in near- shore environments may occur due to buildup of toxics in dredged material and transfer through food chain. Demersal fish are also expected to be affected-through reduced abundance and reproduction. 8. Pequegnat 1978: Phytoplankton blooms may occur at inshore dredging sites due to nutrient release. Also may expect flocculation of phyto- plankton by fine sediments. 9. Stickney 1973: Fish avoided areas of high turbidity; no mortality found in field studies at dredge sites; laboratory studies showed heavy mortality caused by gill clogging. 10. Ritchie 1970: No mortality in t11 fish species held in cages at dredge site: striped bass experienced heavy mortality; channel catfish almost no mortality. 11. Pequegnat 1978: Many demersal fish lay their eggs in benthic sub- strate-cod, hake, haddock, and herring (all commercial species) and would be affected by dredging and filling activities. 12. Darnell 1976: Reduced pH generally increases heavy metal solubility; this occurs under anaerobic conditions produced by dredging; also CO2 level rises, carbonate drops. Construction activities which increase metal levels in water or sediments: mining (direct addition via runoff); ditching; dams (accumulate in sediments)(and hypolimnion); dredging resuspension; channelization precipitates where fresh and marine water mix. 151 I 13. Darnell 1976: Hydrogen sulfide content in water increased by con- struction activities that increase siltation, lower oxygen and pH, and stir up bottom sediments. Also release of hypolimnetic water for dams, channelization of coastal waters, mining and operations that reduce circulation. 14. Darnell 1976: Rise in turbidity caused by dredging increases C02, reduces pH; reduced circulation or organic enrichment will have same effect. 15. Schindler et al. 1972: Anaerobic sediment/water releases heavy metals as water soluble organic metal complexes. 16. Williams 1966: suspended solids can remove zooplankton by physical adsorption on clay particles. 17. Lackey et al. 1959: 99% of all phytoplankton in sample were removed by clay suspension in 20 minutes in laboratory experiment. 18. Darnell 1976: Suspended particles can remove critical plant nutrients by adsorption and can also remove phytoplankton. 19. Darnell 1976: Suspended sediments can produce temperature increases and can inhibit vertical mixing by stratifying water column; this also reduces dissolved oxygen level. 20. Darnell 1976: Suspended sediments reduce oxygen by increasing microbial respiration, inhibition of photosynthesis, inducing the stratification effect or releasing reduced sulfides which become oxidized, thus, there is both COD and BOD. This process also lowers pH through C02 production in poorly buffered systems. 21. Odum 1970: Dredging modifies estuarine circulation patterns where extensive spoil banks are created. Long spoil banks especially block circulation patterns and can cause reduced DO, reduced benthos, and increased sedimentation and shoaling. 22. Robillard and Porter (in Zieman 1978): Showed that eelgrass (Zostera marina) could tolerate a 20% reduction in light intensity if turbidity was only temporary. 23. Odum 1963: Seagrasses could not grow if buried by 30 cm sediment; sedimentation can also reduce seagrass production/abundance by artificially raising the bottom (shoaling). 24. Odum 1963: Smothering by silt due to dredging killed seagrasses. In areas not completely smothered later increases in production occurred probably due to increased nutrient supplies. 25. Cronin et al. 1970: Recorded a 64% reduction in benthic fauna biomass and 71% reduction in numbers in area affected by dredge spoil. 152 a 26. Cronin et al. 1970: Showed spoil disposal material from Chesapeake dredge project covered an area 5 times as large as the original disposal site. 27. Tabb et al. 1962: In Florida, higher salinity caused by deep dredged channels can favor some forms of adult fish; sea trout, redfish; but reduce survival of larval shrimp, menhaden and oysters due to salinity changes. 28. Zieman 1978: Dredged channels or spoil area can cause current velocity and direction changes eroding some areas and filling in others. 29. Schubel 1973: Destruction of seagrasses by dredging causes destabili- zation of bottom sediments and adverse changes in sediment composi- tion. 30. Zieman 1978: Dredging/filling reduces oxygen by consumption by microbes associated with slowly settling resuspended sediments and releasing sediments with high COD. Fine organic sediments strongly adsorb various chemicals ranging from heavy metals to pesticides; under reducing conditions these are released. 31. Thayer et al. 1975: Destruction of seagrasses results in increased water turbidity, resuspension of bottom sediments, decreases in phytoplankton/macroalgae production/abundance associated with beds. Some enhancement of production also may occur due to redistribu- tion of sediments high in nutrients. 32. Flemer et al. 1967: Noted a 71% reduction in mean density of benthos in Chesapeake Bay spoil area following dredging, and erratic population changes in months after. 33. Taylor and Saloman 1969: Estimated that destruction of 1100 metric tons of Thalassia (seagrass) due to dredging/filling in Florida resulted in the immediate loss of 1800 metric tons of infauna, 73 tons of fisheries products, and 100 tons of future infaunal productivity. 34. Phillips 1974: Related the decline in eelgrass (Zostera) abundance to reduction in abundance of associated invertebrates and fish. 35. Thayer et al. 1975: Dredging/filling in seagrass beds causes a change in sediment redox potential which may retard plant growth. 36. Thaver et al. 1975: Filling in seagrass beds reduces plant abun- dance by smothering, reduced light intensity or increased effects of toxic materials in dredged sediments. 37. Briggs and O'Connor 1971: Spoil areas of Long Island Sound lacked benthic plants but nearby undisturbed areas were populated by sea- grasses. 153 38. Taylor and Saloman 1969: Showed that channels that were deeply dredged in Florida had 20% fewer number of species of fish than unaffected 3ay areas. 39. Zieman 1978: Reduced light caused by turbidity during dredging can cause reduced DO by reducing photosynthesis of grass. Turbidity can also increase water temperature due to greater 0 ~I solar radiation absorption. 40. McNulty 1961: 28 year old dredge depression in South Biscayne Bay remains barren and anoxic due to restricted circulation and stratification. 41. Ingle 1952: Found DO affected only in area within 0.23 miles of dredging operation. 42. Hellier and Kornicher 1962: Recorded negative biological effects of dredging greater than 0.5 miles away. 43. Brown and Clark 1968: DO values were 16 to 83% lower than normal near dredging operations. 44. Breur 1962: Dredge and fill closed off South Bay from Gulf of Mexico causing reduced circulation, increased sedimentation, and destruc- tion of fisheries. 45. Copeland 1965: Reduced light from 1500 to 200 ft candles in Thalassia community caused a shift to bluegreen algae community which provides poor food for fish, etc. ... . 46. Darnell 1976: Seawater penetrating canals traversing marshlands produces increased H2S due to mixing of soluble sulfides in sea- water with lower pH freshwater. 3 47. Nelson 1960: Diversion of river water reduces river flow and increases flow in receiving basin. 48. Gunter and Hall 1963: Controlled periodic release of freshwater from lake Okeechobee to St. Lucie estuary enhanced fisheries pro- duction due to increased nutrient input. Increases in croaker, mullet, anchovy and menhaden. 49. Gunter 1952: Levees cause faster runoff, more silt transport but sedimentation and flooding of marshes, swamps, and the estuary were reduced; greater amounts of silt were transported to Gulf of Mexico. 3 50. Nelson 1960: Diversion produced increased salinity and increased numbers of oyster drills plus damaging nutrient loss to estuary. 3 51. Carpenter and Cargo 1957: Changes in river flow (increased flow) caused stratification during summer in Chesapeake, killed off benthos. 154 3 52. Pritchard 1955: Increased flow in estuary during summer can increase stratification of Chesapeake and cause reduced DO in bottom layers. 53. Ketchem 1951: River flow changes upset salinity pattern in B ~ ~~estuaries: decreased flow raises; increased flow lowers salinity. 3 ~~54. Smith 1949: Turbid streams are barrier to migrating salmon. 55. Tabb et al. 1962: Adult pink shrimp stayed in estuary during a high salinity year produced by combination of water diversion I ~ ~~projects in Florida and a dry year; demonstrating the effect of man and the hydrologic cycle on shrimp production and repro- 5 ~~~duction. 56. Odum 1970: Reduction of freshwater input may reduce populations of estuarine animals by elimination of vital chemical cues needed 3 ~~~to stimulate migration into estuaries of adults which spawn there. This includes shrimp primarily but would also include salmon. 57. Darnell 1976: Elevation of salinity in estuaries may allow marine predators, competitors, diseases and parasites of valuable estua- rine fauna to enter from the ocean waters. 5 ~~58. Odum 1970: Limitation of freshwater inflow by current/circulation alteration can interfere with larval migration which requires * ~~~strong bottom currents (upstream). 59. Copeland 1966 : Peak inward migration of larval penaeid shrimp coincides with maximum spring river runoff; modifying flow would 3 ~~~reduce shrimp populations. 60. Copeland 1966 : Reduction of freshwater input to the estuary reduces animal and plant populations. 61. Gunter et al. 1974: Hypersaline conditions reduce populations g ~~~of most estuarine organisms. 62. Calhoun 1953: Young striped bass killed en masse by water diver- sion in Sacramento River drainage basin. 1 ~~63. Gangmark and Bakkala 1960: Unstable stream flow in Sacramento River killed 99% of Salmon fry over several years. 64. Creutzberg 1961: Reduced stream flow rate prevents or retards fish migration due to masking of olfactory compounds. 3 ~~65. Gunter 1957: Reduced nutrients, recruitment and water exchange occurs on the landward side of levees. 155 66. Thayer et al. 1975: Clearing of agricultural lands and channeling streams increases erosion rates, increases sedimentation, and reduces salinities in estuaries; all which reduce abundance of seagrasses. Stream diversion may have opposite effect by increasing salinity and decreasing turbidity. However, some sea- grasses would be favored and others not since each species has its own salinity preference (also reduced nutrient inflow would affect primary production). 67. Frankenberg 1968 : Construction of a dike 3' x 12' wide would produce enough sediment to remove all DO from 2,437 ft3 water (4.8 mg/1); adversely affecting fauna in the area. 68. Moore and Trent 1941: Channelized marsh reduced oyster growth by 27%, and increased mortality 39%. 69. Smith 1970: H2S produced in deeper channels (dredged) is toxic to benthos and vegetation. 70. Darnell 1976: Acid conditions in canals may induce release of heavy metals from sediments. Overall effect of canals is to decrease aquatic animals due to habitat loss, decrease food supply by lower DO, increasing salinity and H2S concentrations. 71. Taylor and Saloman 1969: Channelization produces an environment in which fine sediments, silt and detritus accumulate, the result of which is often eutrophic and/or anaerobic conditions. 72. Lindall 1973: Channelization produces an environment unsuitable for benthos colonization even after ten years in some cases. 73. Erickson 1972: Examined toxicity of Copper on Thalassiosora, a marine diatom using bioassay method; effects on reproduction, production were noted. 74. Steed and Copeland 1967: Low concentrations of petrochemical wastes depressed fish metabolism. Slightly higher concentrations had reverse effect (aberrant growth rates). 75. Butler 1966 : Oysters concentrate DDT from water in their pseudofeces and through biodeposition change sediment chemistry. 76. Odum 1970: Fine detritus in sediment can concentrate 100,000 x DDT which is transferred to the consumers of detritus and algae. 77. Biggs 1975: Industrial wastes usually have high BOD; which can be reduced by 80 - 90% by secondary treatment. However, 0.75 lb sludge/lb BOD is produced. 156 78. Muchmore and Epel 1973: Unchlorinated sewage weakly inhibited sea urchin fertilization, chlorinated sewage had 100% inhibition of fertilization. 79. Carpenter and Smith 1972: Large pieces of polyethylene plastic have been found floating in the Atlantic; up to 300 gms/km2. 80. Carpenter et al. 1972: Extensive occurrence in Atlantic Ocean of plastic spheres (polystyrene) 0.1-2.0 mm diameter in concentra- tions from 0.05 to 2.25 spheres/m3; contain PCB's adsorbed from seawater; found in guts of larval fish, winter flounder, and other species. 81. Lear and Pesch 1975: Sewage sludge dumping in open ocean area off Delaware Bay introduces large amounts of metals into marine environment; concentrate in benthic organisms- clams and scallops- lead, cadmium, copper, zinc included; these are translocated to a larger area by hydrographic forces. 82. Marshall 1974: Ditching of Juncus marsh resulted in the invasion of woody species of plants; lowered production, increased stag- nation, and increased sedimentation. 83. Brown and Clark 1968: Dredging in Raritan Bay lowered DO 16-83% below normal; apparently caused by reaction of sulfides in sedi- ment with oxygen. 84. Provist 1968: Effects of diking on salt marsh: shrubby salt water plants replaced freshwater species (or brackish plants); produc- tivity increased in this case; impoundments became favored habitat for birds and fish; populations increased. 85. Bourn and Cottam 1950: Effects of drainage of marsh for mosquito ditching: reduction in Spartina abundance; replacement of Spartina with shrubby less productive terrestrial species; reduced insects, mollucs, crustaceans, some reduced 90%; lowered water table; flooding increased; reduced nutrient export to estuary. 86. Cooper 1974: Effects of dredging and filling marsh in North Carolina: runoff from dredge spoil piles killed large numbers of oysters, clams, and crabs in area; runoff covered large area. 87. Chapman 1967: Filling: direct result is loss of marsh habitat; reduction in plants and animals. 38. Clark 1977: Rookery Bay Florida: ecological results of draining wetlands: disruption of natural flow patterns; reduced water cleansing function of vegetation; increased salinity variation; potential reduction in estuarine water quality during heavy rains; increased sedimentation; increased nonpoint runoff due to increased erosion (increased pesticides, nutrients, heavy metals); increased BOD, reduced DO; increased coliforms/pathogens; reduced reproduc- tive success of estuarine fish/shellfish. 157 89. Clark 1977: Highways placed on structures in wetlands have the following effects: removal of habitat; disrupt faunal movements; segment habitats; removal of deep organic sediments and replacing them with solid structures may alter subsurface drainage pattern (cutting through aquifer and polluting it). 90. Darnell 1976: Paving and impervious surfaces lower stream levels and flow rates during dry weather; increases runoff during during rainy weather. 91. Darnell 1976: Effect of dams on estuaries: reduced frewhwater input; reduced peak flow rates; reduced flushing; caused abnormal seasonal flow regime; reduced sediment stream input; sediment accumulation; increased sediment accumulation in reservoir; changed bottom topography; built up sediment toxics; changed circulation patterns; reduced nutrient export to estuary; reduced sediment transport and increased beach erosion; increased nitrogen content below dam due to spillway mixing. 92. Darnell 1976: Denuded areas lose great amounts of nutrients, dis- solved organic solids, increased groundwater discharge and spring flow; reduced spring flow may also occur is water table is lowered far enough; reduced aquifer recharge may occur too. 93. Chapman 1962: Removal of vegetative cover by forestry can produce increased erosion and runoff. 94. King and Ball 1964: Gravel washing produces large amounts of highly turbid water; destruction of benthic habitat and benthic fauna. 95. Elser 1968: Roads, railroads etc. ... usually require straightening of stream, destruction of benthos and stream habitat. 96. Darnell 1976: Summary of effects of impervious surfacing on edge environment: loss of habitat; reduced fertility of soil; increased erosion; lowered water table; increased changes in stream levels; increased stream turbidity; changes in water chemistry (toxics, salts). 97. Hobbie and Likens 1973: 26% increase in surface runoff from recently devegetated forests. 98. Branson 1970: "Spectacular" increase in sediment runoff from devegetated Arizona floodplain. 99. Bayly and Williams 1973: Impervious surface can cause changes in groundwater flow so that during dry season the stream dries out completely. 158 100. Darnell 1976: Possible long term effects of impervious surfacing: permanent loss of natural edge habitat; increased surface runoff; decreased groundwater discharge; chemical changes in stream caused by leaching from car exhaust. 101. Darnell 1976: Other effects of highway construction and imper- vious surfacing: increased sediment load clogs riffles, kills benthos; increased turbidity reduces light penetration; causes increased BOD/COD. 102. Darnell 1976: Effects of drainage ditches in wetlands: increased runoff; removal of vegetation; erosion of native soil; lower water table; increased current velocities; erosion in stream due to greater sediment load; spoil banks may increase erosion; breeding of feeder ditches; increase downstream flooding; reduction in flora and fauna; rapid changes in water levels. 103. Darnell 1976: Effects of mineral extraction: removal of natural cover; removal of topsoil; exposure of rock surfaces; creation of spoil banks which seep and erode; increased surface runoff, erosion; lowered groundwater level. 104. Darnell 1976: Physical effects of mineral extraction on wetlands: drainage of wetland; filling of wetland with spoil/tailing; channelization of stream; stream diversion, impoundment; increased silt load, turbidity; decreased light penetration; reduced habi- tat diversity. 105. Spaulding and Ogden 1968: Appalachia strip mines produce 34 million tons of sediment per year. 106. Darnell 1976: Chemical effects of mineral extraction on wetlands: addition of chemical elements to wetland, including heavy metals, radioactive materials, sulfides or other reduced materials; increased salt content of wetland waters; possible additions of sulfuric acid, reduction in pH; reduced buffering capacity of receiving water; heavy metals placed in solution; reduced DO; contaminated groundwater. 107. Darnell 1976: Upstream effects of dam construction: habitat loss through flooding of floodplain, tributaries etc. ...; erosion of banks; leaching of soluble materials from basin; initial in- crease in nutrients; devegetation of wide band around waters edge caused by water level changes; increased sediment runoff. 108. Darnell 1976: Effects of filling in wetlands: reduced surface flow through wetland; spoil banks and canal erosional problems; loss of wetland habitat; increases in salinity below fill, decreases above. 159 109. Darnell 1976: Effects of spoil placement and dredging in wet- lands: modification of bottom topography; creation of dredge holes (maybe anoxic), channels etc. ...; changes in circulation patterns (usually decrease); increase turbidity; increase BOD; decrease DO; reduce light penetration; reduced photosynthesis; release of organic compounds from spoil; release of pesticides and heavy metals from spoil, H2S; increased temperature, increased sedimentation. 110. Darnell 1976: Effects of channelization and spoil placement on marshes: increases surface drainage and erosion caused by canals; spoil banks dam surface drainage; increased runoff; loss of habitat and reduced floral and faunal abundance caused by channelization, water table lowering, erosion, spoil coverage, marsh subsidence; increased salinity; increased sulfides in canals; erosion of spoil piles, introduction of reduced sediments into canals. 111. Cronin et al. 1971: Interruption of littoral drift by groins. 112. Darnell 1976: Beach nourishment makes several problems: removal of sand from the nearshore shelf increases slope and thus increases erosion; removal of material from behind dike elimi- nates lagoonal habitat, reduces flora and fauna abundance, diversity, production; repeated nourishment means repeated damage. 113. Sykes 1971: Wharves, piers and bulkheads permanently remove intertidal, subtidal edge habitat; these are often the most productive areas of the estuary. 114. Darnell 1976: Wharves, piers and bulkheads may require sub- merged dredging; it takes 3 acres of submerged sediments to make 1 acre of filled land; reflected waves on any vertical surface such as these stir up sediments; in cases of extensive construction, blind stagnant channels may be created too. 115. Gunter 1957: Levees prevent riparian areas from receiving annual flooding and nutrient replenishment; prevents flora and fauna recruitment; caused drainage of devegetated areas. 116. Darnell 1976: Most riparian plant species are sensitive to small changes in water levels; changes in species diversity and abundance result from water level changes caused by dams or diversion. 117. Barstow 1970, 1971: Drainage of riparian lands in Tennessee caused: elimination of woodland and wetland habitat; decline in frequency/intensity of flooding; reduced soil moisture; increased erosion; 70% reduction in edge habitat; 95% reduc- tion in furbearers; 75% reduction in edge species of animals; estimated 4 million dollars in wildlife and habitat losses. 160 118. Bourn and Cottam 1950: Lowland vegetation is sensitive to small water level changes; changing water levels above or below a dam will reduce flora and fauna abundance. 119. Roebeck et al. 1954: Changes in water levels prevent the natural development of shoreline vegetation; reduced abundance and production. 120. Braun and Beland 1958: Submergence kills emergent plants; as in periodic releases from dams, resulting in changing water levels. 121. Wolf 1955: Changing water levels in dams and receiving waters damage bird nests, reduces hatching success; leads to nest destruction. 122. Carpenter et al. 1972: 83% decrease in phytoplankton productivity in plants entrained by Long Island Sound nuclear plant (water chlorianted 1.2 mg/I; 0.4 mg/l residual at discharge). No decreases when no chlorine. 123. Gentile 1972: 50% reduction in phytoplankton exposed to chlorine 0.075-0.25 mg/l 24 hours. 124. Jensen et al. 1974: Thermal effluent: small Mid-Atlantic estuary (Delaware): no change in 02, no affect on diversity/abundance. Increase in algae productivity during cooler months. Lack of effect due to a temperature change of only 10.80. Natural salinity range had greatest influence on abundance and diversity. 125. Jensen 1974: In small bays/estuaries: large withdrawals of cool- ing water for power plant use has caused circulation changes. 126. Strawn and Gallaway 1970: Blue crabs increased in vicinity of power plant due to increased winter temperatures and improved circulation. Brown shrimp negative effect. White shrimp overall beneficial effect. 127. Warriner and Brehmer 1966: Decreased abundance and diversity of benthos of Virginia estuary within 980 ft. of power plant discharge. 128. Mihursky 1967: Chlorination from power plant reduced phytoplankton. 129. Patrick 1968: No change in diversity of flora in thermal plume; reduction of phytoplankton abundance by 88%. 130. Miller and Collins 1954: Ducks nest near water; flooding caused by periodic water level changes in dams and receiving waters cause nest destruction. 131. Maryland Department Resources 1969: Thermal effluent study; Patuxent River estuary; local striped bass populations increased, white catfish and hog choker declined; white perch constant. Sport fishing increased during winter. 161 U 132. Tabb and Roessler 1970: Reduction in benthic algal abundance and diversity caused possibly by scouring in discharge area; reduction in benthic invertebrate diversity and abundance (and fish) in area related to thermal plume. 133. Lackey and Lackey 1972: Detected high (15 mg/1) copper levels in water which may have been responsible for one fish kill in June 1969; copper plus low salinities caused the kill. 134. Bramble and Ashley 1955: Even after 35 years acid spoil bank vegetation is still very sparse. 135. Parsons 1968: Spoil piles continue to leach H2SO4 and heavy metals for several years (mine spoil piles). 136. Carpenter, Pritchardand Whaley 1969: Serious drop in water quality due to excessive nutrient load on Black River - receives Baltimore sewage - algal blooms - DO drop; Nuisance submerged aquatic plants produced. 137. Odum 1970: Nutrient trap effect in estuaries due to: 1. High % clay minerals with great adsorptive ability; 2. Extensive biodeposition, recycling; 3. Circulation/mixing patterns trapping nutrients. 138. Hall et al. 1946: Waters edge vegetation is very sensitive to water level changes, water depth, degree of exposure and timing on an annual basis of these events; dams reduce abundance of these plants through constantly changing water levels. 139. Ryther 1954: Decline in oyster and fish production in Great South Bay related to growth in duck industry which produced blooms of algae but which were unsuitable as oyster food. Mixed species diet required for adequate growth. 140. Major and Mitchell 1966: Water temperature in part exerts control over timing of salmon migration. 141. Darnell 1976: Channelization eliminates edge vegetation by erosion of filling and dredging; increased flood potential. 142. Darnell 1976: Effects of levees: cuts off freshwater inflow; prevents freshwater flooding; prevents annual flooding; prevents renewal of nutrients/sediments; prevents new marshes from forming. 143. Darnell 1976: Effects of canals on coastal marshes: carry off I freshwater drainage; block freshwater flow across seaward side of canal; cause rapid removal of freshwater to bay; lower water table; increase groundwater salinity. 162 I 144. Bourn and Cottam 1950: Drained coastal marsh in Delaware studied over 10 year period: wetland replaced by dry land plant and animal species; land converted to low wildlife value type; reduced primary and secondary animal and plant production. 145. Darnell 1976: Drainage or elimination of marshlands reduces detrital export to estuary by eliminating plants; this in turn affects valuable detritus based fisheries; marsh becomes heterotrophic consumer, flora/fauna reduced. 146. St. Amantet al. 1953: Lack of freshwater caused by channelization damaged production of furbearing animals and birds. 147. Kauss et al. 1973; Parker 1974: Reduction of phytoplankton abundance due to oil. 148. Rice 1973: Oil interferes with chemotaxis of salmon - and there- fore spawning. 149. Blumer et al. 1971 : Juvenile blue mussels in the area of an oil spill did not reproduce following year. 150. Parker 1974: Sand dollar eggs failed to develop; affected by oil in laboratory tests. 151. La Roche 1973: Gonadal tumors in soft shell clams near oil spill. 152. Blumer 1971: Oil flocculated with mineral/clay suspended material in water; sank to sediment where it exerted toxic effects on benthos for more than a year. 153. Smith 1968: 40,000-100,000 seabirds killed by Torrey Canyon oil spill. 154. Spears 1971: Production of fish and shrimp reduced in water polluted by oil industry. 155. Sponner 1978: Marine larvae often are more susceptible than adults to oil. 156. North et al. 1965: Rocky intertidal community animals almost all killed by massive oil spill (Tampico Maru). 157. Copeland and Steed 1974: Texas coastal areas receiving oily wastes are characterized by reduced species diversity, large daily changes in DO, anaerobic bottom conditions. 158. Baker 1973: Oil refinery effluents had significant negative effects on benthos in enclosed bay via 02 lowering; effluents in exposed open areas had less effects. 159. Boesch et al. 1974: Cites evidence for oil maintaining low bio- mass, low diversity of biological community. 163 160. Blumer et al. 1971: 4 years after West Fallmouth oil spill (#2 fuel oil) bottom still grossly polluted- an increase in polychate worms was noted (an extremely hardy species of Capitellid worm); they estimated 5-10 years were needed for complete recovery to occur. 161. Nicholson and Chinberg 1971: Massive kill of barnacles caused by Santa Barbara oil spill. 162. North et al. 1965: Extensive kill of benthic marine organisms as result of Torrey Canyon oil spill. 163. Boesch et al. 1974: Oil spills have drastic immediate effects on intertidal orgaisms but within several years they recover due to the hardiness of these organisms, their rapid reproduc- tion, and rapid removal of oil by wave action in the intertidal. 164. Smith 1968: Phytoplankton killed off in large numbers as result of Torrey Canyon oil spill; major disasterous type of spill. 165. Galstoff 1935: Phytoplankton growth inhibited by oil. 166. Aubert et al. 1969: Marine phytoplankton growth inhibited by oil. 167. Strand et al. 1971: Marine phytoplankton growth and photosyn- thesis inhibited by oil. 168. Gordon et al. 1973: Photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton inhibited by oil (60-200 ppb); between 10-30 ppb it was stimulated. 169. Neushal 1970: Surf grass suffered heavy damage in Santa Barbara oil spill (seagrass). 170. Nelson and Smith 1972: Killing off of grazing invertebrates in oil spill resulted in increase in green algae which had been fed on by animals. 171. North et al. 1965: Tampico Maru oil spill killed urchins which normally ate kelp sporelings; kelp then greatly increased in the affected area following the spill (however, kelp distribu- tion was not normal for 6 years). 172. Baker 1970; 1971: Chronic oil spill can kill marsh plants and cause erosion. 173. Patten 1962 : Reduced diversity of phytoplankton as function of increasing sewage pollution. 174. Barlow et al. 1963: Moriches Bay Long Island Sound: eutrophica- tion of estuary due to excessive sewage nutrients; result was lowered DO; extended anaerobic conditions. 164 175. Bourdreaux Strawn and Gallas 1959: Hepatchlor sprayed to control fire ants contaminated irrigation canals/streams, killing fish directly or indirectly; heavy mortality of birds and mammals too; 100% kill in some areas. 176. Harrington and Bidlingmayer 1958: Documented details of estuarine dieldrin kill: extensive fish die-off; invertebrates too; result of runoff from spraying operation. 177. Moore and Trent 1971: Channelized marsh reduced oyster produc- tion by 90%, mortality was increased by 39%. 178. Copeland 1967b: Laguna Madre impoundment: decreased productivity; increased sedimentation rates; increase salinity; reduced circu- lation; caused reduced mixing/exchange. 179. Copeland 1974: Dikes built in New Jersey marshes change salinity structure (reduced salinity); Spartina patens then replaced S. alterniflora as result of changing salinity and water level. 180. Tabb et al. 1962: Drainage and diversion in Florida caused increased salinity in Everglades estuary, decreased fish and shrimp pro- duction, induced changes in community as result. 181. Copeland 1974: Hurricane dikes changed circulation/mixing; caused salinity to decrease above dike as freshwater diluted water. 182. Brehmer 1966: Species diversity of benthic fauna was lowered within several hundred yards of heated waste water discharge. 183. Copeland 1974: Closing off of Great South Bay (Long Island) des- troyed oyster populations caused by lack of circulation, eliminated seagrasses; turbidity increased due to increased dredging, sedi- mentation; also increased sedimentation caused by decreased wind mixing. 184. Wilkes and Copeland 1974: Effects of pulp mill wastes: exerts immediate high BOD/COD; changes in pH; increased turbidity; temperature increases; toxic waste increase; smothering of benthic animals. 185. Copeland and Steed 1974: Petrochemical waste effects: 1. Toxicity causes massive fish kills (localized); 2. Decreased flora/fauna diversity; 3. Increases/decreases in productivity. 186. US Fish and Wildlife Service 1967: Dredging and filling destroyed more than 200,000 acres of shallow nursery grounds in Gulf and South Atlantic over last 20 years. 187. St. Amant et al. 1958: Channelization/dredging causes increased salinity by increasing direct flow of salt water into marshes, and of freshwater out; result is salinity that is too high for oysters. 165 188. Chapman 1967: Documents salt water intrusion during low fresh- water runoff in Galveston Bay due to channelization/dredging. 189. Ryther et al. 1957: Improvement in oyster production due to reopening Moriches Inlet in New York- improved exchange with ocean, increased nutrient inflow, food supply for oysters; improved salinity regime. 190. Chapman 1967: Channelization does have some good results, in certain cases: nursery areas produced by connecting isolated areas of the bottom land to the estuary; prevention of massive mid- winter dieoff (or midsummer dieoff) due to temperature changes (i.e., fish survive in deeper channels because water does not change temperature as rapidly); release of nutrients from sediments. 191. Mansueti and Kolb 1953: Following channelization of St. Johns River the Shad relocated their spawning grounds 20 miles upriver. 192. Sykes and Finacaue 1965: Filled bay in Florida supported fewer fish and shellfish; however, pollutants also greater in filled bay too, effects thus caused by both factors. 193. Marshall 1967: Dredging and filling cause: 1. Direct destruc- tion of valuable wetlands; 2. Destruction of valuable nursery/ spawning areas; habitat for fish and shellfish by siltation; 3. Reduced light penetration; 4. Reduced nutrient flow out of marshes/swamps. 194. Wastler 1967: Organic sewage and pulp mill wastes reduce DO in Savannah River estuary to zero during late summer; eliminated fish life, benthos; pathogens may also be introduced- hepatitis out- breaks were reported in 1962-1967, high coliform counts. 195. Wastler 1967: Louisiana: 3000 acres of oyster beds were closed to shellfishing due to pathogenic bacterial/viral contamination. 196. Wastler 1967: Sewage runoff and phosphate mine drainage produced extensive algal bloom-benthic macroalgae- in Florida bay- massive bloom of algae Gracilaria resulted in lowered DO. 197. Wastler 1967: Sewage and industrial wastes have high BOD/COD; sludge deposits in Charleston Harbor, S. C. had BOD of 5 mg/l (sewage and pulp mill wastes). 198. Cronin et al. 1975: Chesapeake-Delaware canal widening had follow- ing hydrographic effects: changes in direction, volume, flow, current velocity; increases and decreases in salinity; increased sediment in water column caused by increased flow. 5 199. Cronin et al. 1975: Enlargement of Chesapeake-Delaware canal had following effects: Delaware River water quality improved; upper Chesapeake salinity higher in summer; benthic/pelagic canal populations shift to east; possible mass transport of striped bass eggs and larvae to lower water quality Delaware River. 166 1 200. Dovel 1971: Chesapeake to Delaware canal created a major spawning areafor striped bass. 201. Cronin et al. 1975: Biological effects of Chesapeake-Delaware Canal 1) Canal is productive as a nursery/spawning ground for fish - striped bass in particular but several other species too. 2) Dense healthy benthic populations - pre- viously dredged canal repopulated. 202. Windom 1975: Measurement of the amount of ammonia released from dredge spoil should be adequate basis for determination of water quality effects on plant production and DO levels. 203. Pritchard and Cronin 1971: Enlargement of Chesapeake-Delaware canal increased water-transport to Delaware, increased current velocities, tidal exchange, salinities. 204. Windom 1975: Decrease in 02 due to dredging related to increased BOD caused in part by excess plant production. 205. Brown and Clark 1968: Decreased DO during dredging and filling. 206. Briggs, 1968: N and P increased 50-100 times ambient levels in immediate area of spoil disposal in Chesapeake Bay. 207. Windom 1975: In usual case increased suspended solids caused by dredging in estuaries is temporary. 208. Briggs 1967: Following cessation of dredging, suspended solids decreased to "background levels" in few hours, even in area that was repeatedly dredged over long periods. 209. Wilson 1950: If high levels of suspended sediments are maintained over long periods oysters are harmed. 210. May 1973: Mobile Bay dredging elevated turbidity only a few hundred feet away from dredge. 211. Windom 1975: Initial result of resuspension of dredged material is reduction of heavy metals in water-later increase due to release from sediments. 212. Windom 1975: Dredging-filling increases ammonia from sediments which increases phytoplankton production. This followed by increases in pH, dissolved oxygen and BOD. 213. Davis 1960; Mortality of clam and oyster eggs and larvae signi- ficantly reduced at low suspended sediment levels- 124 mg/lo 167 214. Sherk et al. 1975: Because the major influence of the standing stock of fish populations is in number of juveniles which are produced, mortalities less than 50% caused by man-made causes, when added to natural causes of mortality, might negatively effect fish populations. Thus, LC50 values may not be good estimate of real effects of man induced effects. Levels of suspended solids which are able to cause 10-50% mor- tality in estuarine fish can be produced by dredging or excess runoff periods. LC10 may be more realistic. 215. Moser et al. 1972: DDT and PCB altered species composition of mixed cultures of algae in lab experiments. 216. Reimold 1974: Long term study correlated reduction in toxaphene residues in estuary was accompanied by increased nekton diversity. 217. Macek 1968: Trout reproduction affected by DDT without reducing size of spawning population (i.e., direct interference with re- production physiology occurred). 218. Reinert and Bergman 1974: DDT residues accumulate in fish eggs- caused mortality at yolk adsorption stage due to effective concentration of DDT as yolk is consumed. 219. Kjerfue 1976: S. Carolina: Diversion of Santer River into Cooper River had following effects: 1) Lowered salinity at mouth of Santee. 2) Greatly increased flow of Cooper, reduced flow in Santee, causing great increase in sedimentation in Charleston harbor due to changes in mixing. 3) Changes in sediment composi- tion towards fine (now costs $5 million/yr. to dredge harbor). 4) Increased flushing of harbor improved water quality. 5) Erosion in Santee delta due to reduced sedimentation. 6) Increased oyster/ clam fisheries in Santee. 7) Increase in Cordgrass in Santee. 8) Provided flood protection. 220. US Department of Interior 1968: Increase in aquifer recharge, increased groundwater discharge, increase groundwater salinity all can be caused by dredging. 221. Pearce 1975: Dredging and filling in inlets with unconsolidated sediments could result in resuspension of polluted pathogenic containing sediments. 222. Inman and Bush 1973: Offshore dredging for gravel resulted in severe erosion of beach in England following removal of 0.5 million metric tons of material. 223. Darnell 1976: Effects of dredging and spoil placement; effects of channelization of floodplains and swamps: drainage of surface water; lowering of water table; elimination of flooding and natural fertilization of floodplain; reduced groundwater recharge; increased erosion; changes in flow regime; increased salinity. 168 224. Ward 1964: Benthos diversity below a dam in Colorado was less than in control stream but biomass was higher (tolerant species increased). 225. Trotzky and Gregory 1974: Dams used to generate electrical power have more rapid short term changes in stream flow; damaging to benthos; reduced diversity results. 226. Harvey 1975: Gas bubble disease is a danger to fish in water below dams; supersaturated bubbles of nitrogen may be adsorbed into gills of fish and cause divers disease known as the bends; as little as 18% supersaturation may do this; fish die as result. 227. Baxter 1977: Dams can restrict downstream migration of cata- dromous species of fish. 228. Aleem 1972: Reducing flow by dam upsets balance between sea erosion and river sediment deposition; increased erosion, reduced sedimentation at delta result. 229. George 1972: Sardine catches in Nile delta decreased due to reduced flow of the Nile river caused by Aswan Dam. 230. Beadle 1974: Changes in flow pattern of river by dam changed spawning grounds of molluscs up and down river by several km. 231. Darnell 1976: Upper level release from reservoir increases temperature in receiving stream; lower level release decreases temperature. 232. Lehmkuhl 1972: Reduced benthos abundance and diversity below dam for 70 miles due to thermal alteration. 233. Lackey et al. 1959: Aquatic animals reduced in abundance by pre- dation, loss of habitat and food when aquatic vegetation is removed, as in a dam or as result of channelization. 234. Fraser 1972:Most freshwater animals show a depth preference during at least one life stage. Changes in water level which reduce aquatic vegetation thus affect these animals- here the effect is on spawning, nursery, habitat, food function of aquatic vegetation;for dams where water levels change rapidly this reduced abundance of aquatic organisms (benthos, fish). 235. Hall et al. 1946: Changes in water levels above dam reduced populations of attached submerged vegetation. 236. Darnell 1976: Increased nutrient runoff due to large amount of decaying trees in flooded impoundments etc. ..., soil nutrients removed, eutrophication plus aquatic vegetation develops-algae and vascular plants. 169 237. Barstow 1970: Estimated fisheries losses in freshwater habitats during Tennessee drainage project-losses estimated: 95% reduc- tion in fisheries, 86% reduction in waterfowl. 238. Roebeck et al. 1954: Elimination of shallow water areas in dams/impoundments due to water level changes is highly damaging to biological community of Roosevelt Lake. Columbia River. Drawdown decreased productivity and fish abundance. 239. Starrett 1951: In Iowa streams, spawning of certain fish requires access to floodplain backwaters; elimination of these areas by dam thus reduces faunal reproductive potential. 240. Dorris and Copeland 1962: Winter drawdown in Mississippi impound- ment reduced benthos (mainly larval mayfly) population in receiving stream. 241. Fraser 1972: Summarized information on prevention of upstream migration of fish by dams. 242. Clothier 1953: 90,000 acres irrigated (Gallatian River Montana): in over 2 years more than 5600 lbs of fish (game fish) was lost. 243. Hallock and Van Woert 1959: Young salmon injured and killed as they pass through irrigation pumps. 244. Clotheir 1953 : Fish mortality caused by irrigation diversions in western states. 245. Schoeneman et al. 1961: 4-9% mortality of fish going through dam turbines; a series of dams would give multiple amount of mor- tality to migrating salmon. 246. Neel 1963: Nutrient enrichment results when riparian areas flooded or hypolimnion of dam released into stream. 247. Darnell 1976: Flooding riparian vegetation leads to nutrient enrichment which produces increased decomposition, lower DO, reduction of stream benthos. 248. Bourn and Cottam 1950: 10 years after channelization still observed reduction in aquatic animal abundance (a 39-97% reduc- tion in abundance was observed in total invertebrate population; mollusks and crustaceans reduced 32-100%). 249. Tarzwell 1937: Rated type of substrate to stream productivity- sand/silt was lowest, vegetated areas highest- sedimentation reduces productivity. 250. Darnell 1976: Sedimentation caused by channelization reduces fish population by reducing food supply, elimination of spawning areas or smothering of eggs and larvae, and elimination of fish habitat. 251. Starret 1971: 25 of original 49 known native mussel species in Illinois river destroyed by siltation from channelization. 170 252. Ellis 1931: Siltation of Mississippi river eliminated or greatly reduced benthos abundance. 253. Darnell 1976: Riffle animals killed by sedimentation which fills interstitial spaces and lowers 02. 254. Sumner and Smith 1939: Animal production in silted areas was 50% that in unsilted. 255. Cordone and Pennoyer 1960: Algal pads in river were destroyed by sedimentation caused by channelization primarily a scouring and smothering effect. 256. King and Ball 1964: A doubling of the sedimentation rate caused by highway construction, decreased production of attached algae by 70% (in stream). 257. Tsail973: Strong negative correlation between constant turbidity and fish species diversity in stream (negative correlation). Channelization increases downstream sedimentation, thus reduces fish diversity. 258. Bourn and Cottam 1950: Aquatic vegetation is sensitive to water level changes caused by drainage/channelization projects. 259. Baldes and Vincent 1969: Many fish select particular current velocity if provided choice; avoid unnaturally high flows, as in channelized streams. 260. Tarplee et al. 1971: Channelization reduced abundance of stream benthos by 79% in North Carolina stream-caused by lack of suitable substrate for attachment. 261. Darnell 1976: Channelization produces increased erosion and sedi- mentation downstream and increases flood hazard as consequence. 262. Congdon 1971: Channelization reduced fish population by 86% in Missouri stream. 263. Tarplee et al. 1971: 32% reduction in abundance of all fish species in channelized North Carolina streams. 264. Bayless and Smith 1967: Channelization reduced game fish by 90% in streams in North Carolina; only limited recovery occurred 40 years later. 265. Darnell 1976: Channelization removes aquatic vegetation. Beds of aquatic vegetation prevent erosion. Destroy them and scouring and erosion increase, sedimentation increased downstream. 266. Baxter 1975: Prevention of flooding by dams means that floodplain must be fertilized artificially; nutrients will be reduced other- wise. 171 267. Huet 1965: Changes in sediment particle size and grain size composition of a spawning bed causes by erosion or deposition during dredging or channelization could interfere with demersal fish reproduction. 268. Richie 1970: Spawning bed damage is important factor in con- sidering effects of dredging on demersal egg layers. 269. Gangmark and Bakkale 1960: Gravel bed siltation eliminated good salmon spawning grounds- killed eggs by reducing inter- stitial water oxygen in channelized stream. 270. Hansen 1971: Effects of channelization include: increased stream temperature due to removal of vegetation along stream beds; increased turbidities. 271. Cordone and Kezley 1961: Sedimentation in streams caused disrup- tion of fish reproduction- sediment covers spawning grounds and smothers eggs. 272. Emerson 1971: Channelization increased bank erosion due to destruction of vegetation. 273. Campbell 1972: Channelization increases flooding downstream. 274. Margalef 1968: Decreased diversity of channelized stream biota due to creation of less diverse environment. 275. Karr and Gorman 1975: Channelization of stream reduces biotic diversity. 276. Gorman and Karr 1977: Channelization reduces stream benthic faunal diversity. 277. Berg 1973: Evidence for transmission of viruses via potable/ recreational water where sewage treatment broke down or con- taminated shellfish were eaten. 278. Ranwell 1964: Accumulation of sediment in some cases increases production and abundance of marsh embayment vegetation. 279. Koh and Chang 1973: Ecological effects of dumping of dredge spoil in open ocean: temporary reduction in fish abundance; reduced DO; increased turbidity; increased pesticide levels; increased nutrients in water; build up of solids on the bottom. 280. Hood et al. 1958: Chlorinated hydrocarbons disposed in ocean by Shell Oil "killed or impaired" organisms coming into contact with material, area returned to normal after 3-8 hours; dispersal was slow; possible contamination of commercial fishing grounds; recommended deeper disposal. 172 U ~~281. Bureau of Solid Waste Management 1970. Pesticide containers are an important part of the solid waste problem; they contribute 3 ~~~a significant amount of pesticides to the marine environment. 282. USEPA 1974: June 10 1967, a dike holding alkaline fly ash waste for an electric generating plant broke, released 400 acre-ft. I ~ ~~(493,000 in3) of sludge into Clinch River. Killed 216,000 fish and all the benthos for 4 miles downstream. I ~ ~283. US Department of Interior 1975: Decrease in water quality due to bridge construction due to bridge construction/piers: reduced circulation and lowered DO, associated effects. 1 ~~284. Clark 1977: Solid fill used to support a road across water can cause flooding on the high side, drought on lower side; block tidal exchange; reduce circulation; destroy marshes by produc- I ~ ~~tion of reflected waves; reduce production of marshes; change salinity patterns needed for reproduction of estuarine fish/ shellfish; buildup of pollutants in shellfish beds; buildup of I ~ ~~sediments behind road; buildup of water killed nesting ground birds; associated dredge and fill effects. 289. Clark 1977: Breakwaters, jetties etc. ... as solid fill can have following effects on coastal ecosystems: reduce circulation/ flushing; reduce light penetration; reduce water quality by creating stagnant areas; increase sedimentation, erosion and I ~ ~~scouring; increase runoff from surfaced areas; increase down- stream flooding; increase nutrients in water column; disrupt long shore drift; reduce beach habitat; smother benthos; stimu- late eutrophic conditions; reduce DO by fouling communities. 286. Clark 1977: Dumping of sewage in larger bays and sounds carries with it risks of pollution by pathogenic organisms; increase in toxic substances and nutrients. 287. Clark 1977: 5 effects of sewage pollution: hazard to human I ~ ~~health due to pathogens; aesthetic offense; reduced DO caused by high BOD; eutrophic conditions caused by elevated nutrients; toxic effects of pesticides, heavy metals and other toxics. 288. Gray 1974: 44,000 acres of shellfish closed because of sewage pollution. 5 ~~289. US Department of Interior 1968: 2 million acres of commercial shellfish beds in US have been closed due to sewage pollution. 1 ~~290. Chapman 1966: Showed high correlation between fisheries harvest in estuaries and freshwater input- dry years were lowest, wet years highest- in Texas Coastal estuary. 291. Hoese 1967: Oyster drills enter and attack oysters during high salinity (dry) years in Texas estuary. Hard shell clams and sharks also increased; water diversions which increased salinity therefore caused reduction in fisheries organisms. 173 292. Teal and Valiela 1973: Spartina marsh is a "living filter" that purifies sewage. The result is increased plant growth reduced N2 fixation, increased denitrification. A marsh can process twice the sewage sludge, land can. 293. Dunstan et al. 1975: 100 ppm copper, cadmium, lead produced death of marsh grass (Spartina) seedlings after two weeks, 50% mortality after 8 weeks. 294. Mackin 1950: Experiments showed both stimulation and inhibition of salt marsh grass (Spartina) by oil. Repeated applications were lethal. 295. Baker 1970: More than 2 or 3 weeks of "new oil" spills/year or 1 or 2 light oilings/year of weathered oil will probably reduce abundance and production of Spartina marsh grass. 296. Baker 1971: Oil stimulated growth of Spartina related to greater water retention ability of sediment, release of nutrients from killed animals, nutrients in oil, or N2 fixing by oil degradation bacteria. 297. Mock 1966: 2.5 times brown shrimp and 14 times more white shrimp harvested from natural part of Texas estuary then from bulkheaded part. 298. Colonell 1977: Walkways, piers, docks, towers, breakwaters etc. all have potential for: increasing and decreasing sand supply to beaches; altering shoreline where sand transported with littoral drift; changing wave energy that impinges on shoreline- wave shadows can reduce longshore drift-buildup of beach behind offshore breakwater is an example. 299. McKnulty 1977: Effects of sewage pollution: particulate material exerts high BOD, adsorbs heavy metals and pesticides; reduces light penetration; stimulates phytoplankton/zooplankton growth by providing nutrients (but also producing a BOD load simul- taneously); increases in fish kills due to increased BOD loads; lethal effects of heavy metals, phenols and arsenic depress growth of aquatic flora and fauna, especially larval stages (reproductive interference). 300. Odum 1974: Changes in tidal amplitude and flushing rate will reduce emergent plant production in estuary since production is greater at high flushing rates and greater tidal amplitudes. 301. Adams 1963: Changes which increase salinity such as water diver- sion, over Spartina marsh will decrease productivity. 174 302. Phleger 1971: 4% reduction in growth of Spartina for every 8% increase in salinity (for S. foliosa); Channelization and/or water diversion cause salinity to change. 303. Braarud and Hope 1952: Addition of sewage high in N and P increased phytoplankton abundance and production. 304. Coutant and Goodyear 1972: Shifts in diversity and productivity (both increases and decreases) of marine phytoplankton due to thermal pollution. 305. Cairns 1971: Changes (both increases and decreases) in biomass and productivity of marine phytoplankton due to thermal effluent. 306. Beeton 1969: Eutrophication of Lake Erie related to increased nutrient and organic loading: result is increased dissolved solids; increased primary production, algal abundance; increased nutrients; increased BOD; decreased DO in hypolimnion; increases and decreases in animals. 307. Barlow et al. 1963: Because of man induced fertilization of estuary, the following resulted: rapid drop in DO diurnally; increased sedimentation; high rates of primary production; increased algal abundance; increased BOD. 308. Ryther and Dunstan 1971: Large blooms of algae caused by nutrient inputs from duck farms in New York and other sources. Nitrogen is usually the limiting factor in coastal estuarine waters since surplus P is present. Removal of P from detergents will not therefore necessarily eliminate algal blooms. Replacement of P with NTA in detergents may add more N and aggrevate the problem. 309. Gates 1959: Showed elevated pathogenic bacteria in wastewater from duck farm in New York. 310. Metcalf and Stiles 1965 and 1968: Infectious hepatitis shown to be clearly caused by infected shellfish; raw sewage contained entero-viruses and bacteria. 311. Bidwell and Kelly 1950: Elevated pathogenic bacteria in duck farm wastes; oysters were contaminated with pathogens. 312. Waldichuk 1977: Effects of settleable organic wastes on marine life: reduced DO as bacteria decompose material, increased H2S production (methane too), possible pathogens; suspended wood particles can cause abrasion in fish gills; fish mortality. 313. Woodwell 1970: Simplification of ecosystems occurs when they are insecticided. 175 314. Darnell 1976: Effects of air pollutants on water: "such pollu- tants may eventually enter the water courses" 315. Darnell 1976: Line construction (including culverting) can have the following effects: lowered water table; increased erosion; large changes in streamflow; increased downstream flooding; increased sedimentation; increased suspended sediments; increased turbidity. 316. Waldichuk 1960: Oxygen demand of kraft mill effluents can be a barrier to migrating Salmon. 317. Darnell 1976: Bridge construction can cause erosion, increased suspended solids, increased sedimentation, removal of vegetation; later, contamination of water with heavy metals, asbestos and hydrocarbons. 318. Beaven et al. 1962: 2, 4-D used in Chesapeake Bay to control milfoil had no effects on oysters, crabs, clams and fish; but did kill these organisms due to DO drop caused by rotting vegetation. 319. Clark 1977: Poorly designed bridges reduce water exchange and flushing of wetlands; example Great South Bay Bridge in Long Island, produces reduced circulation/exchange; reduced water quality (DO, etc.). 320. Clark 1977: Piers and docks may have dredging related effects associated with them, but these are temporary in usual case. 321. Conservation Foundation 1974: Artificial reefs develop high cur- rent velocities around themselves usually and increases in both plant and animal abundance and diversity. 322. Carlisle et al. 1964: Streetcar, car body, oil platform reefs in California attracted fish (Bass). Increases in algae, bar- nacle and mussel abundance were observed. 323. Turner et al. 1966: Increased benthic animal abundance associated with physical presence of sewer outfall pipe. 324. Lawrence 1962: Copper sulfate is toxic to fish and benthic inver- tebrates at low levels. 325. Vernon 1954: Copper sulfate precipitates on fish gills and can cause suffocation. 326. Brian 1964: Copper sulfate inactivates plant enzymes and causes the precipitation of proteins. 327. Hughes and Davis 1963: 2, 4-D is toxic to fish and benthic inverte- brates. 176 328. Petruk 1965: 2, 4-D added to water produces large increases in bacterial populations. 329. Mulligan 1969: Reduced DO produced when plants in water are herbicided; also increased nutrients in water result from decom- posing plant material; massive algal blooms usually result; fish may suffocate due to large DO changes; chemical treatment only temporary solution. 330. Merril et al. 1977: Cu, Hg, Ag, Zn and Fe, some plastics, detergents are toxic to larval shellfish. Pesticide levels in shellfish may be affecting their longevity, growth and disease resistance. 331. Walburg and Nichols 1967: Decline in American Shad related to elimination of available spawning areas in rivers caused by dams on coastal streams. 332. Copeland 1966 : More dams on coastal rivers has decreased freshwater input to estuaries, delivery of nutrients to coastal estuaries. 333. Smith 1966: Flow in coastal rivers augmented to reduce spring and autumn flood periods required for spawning by migrating fish. 334. Smith 1966: Dredging of Mississippi River to produce Gulf outlet in Louisiana changed current and exchange, increased salinity of Lake Ponchartrain. 335. Lowe 1965: Blue crabs were sterilized when subjected to sublethal DDT concentrations. 336. Darnell 1976: Effects of stream channelization: deepen channel; lower water table; increase flow rate; increase channel/bank erosion; reduce stream habitat diversity; increase downstream sedimentation; increase downstream flood hazard. 337. Odum, W. E. 1969: Fine organic sediments/detritus accumulate 100,000 times the concentration of pesticides as found in water. 338. Burke 1977: Urban runoff contains significant amounts of sus- pended solids, high BOD, nutrients, chlorides, oil and grease, heavy metals (10-100 times that in sewage), pesticides and other toxins. 339. Woodwell et al. 1967: Total DDT levels in estuary sediments could be as high as 14.7 kg/hectare (east coast estuary). 340. Odum et al. 1969: Detritus in estuaries strongly absorbs DDT, may contain 50 ppm DDT. 177 341. Hugget et al. 1971: Mercury in estuaries becomes associated with bottom sediments. 342. Gorbman and James 1958: Thyroid damage in fish at atom bomb test sites in Pacific due to accumulation of 1311 through food chain. 343. Hill and Hely 1973: Cooling water of coal fired power plant reacted with sediments causing release of heavy metals into water. 344. Wolfe 1974: Four possible effects of radioactive materials in estuaries: 1. "somatic damage (including death) of estuarine biota". 2. "increase in genetic mutation rates of populations" 3. "increase in growth rate and maximum size of population" 4. "reorientation of human uses of estuaries". 345. Becker and Thatcher 1973: Toxicants produced by nuclear power plants and/or cooling towers include: acids, acrolein; arsenic; ammonia; quinines; boron; carbonates; chlorines; bromine; chlorinated and/or phenylated compounds; chromates; cyanurates; cyanides; hydrazines; metals (and their salts); sulfides; flourides. 346. Nuzzi 1972: Levels of mercury currently in ocean may damage marine phytoplankton, reduce diversity, production. 347. Weiss and Wilkes 1974: Sewage adds N and P to estuary; causes algal blooms; DO drops; increased pathogens. 348. Rabin and Schwartz 1972: Sewage sludge contained 600-2500 ppm Zn and Cu. 349. Rabin and Schwartz 1972: Heavy metal levels toxic to marine life (water level) generally range between 0.01-10 ppm. 350. Feibusch 1975: Main impact of solid waste disposal on estuary is from leachate from landfills (legal and illegal): pollution resulting from fills includes: pesticides, heavy metals, BOD/ COD materials; also reduces size of estuary or marsh. 351. Clark 1977: Solid waste landfills can produce water pollution in estuaries by leaching of toxics, nutrients, and dissolved organics. 352. Schelske 1972: Scallops contained 30 times more 54Mn then other molluscs. Maximum concentrations were 100 pCi/g wet weight; accumulated through food chain and by direct adsorption and filtering. 353. Hughes and Cartwright 1972: Leachate from landfills contain high levels of BOD/COD, heavy metals, and dissolved solids. 178 354. Wolfe 1970: Oysters accumulated 65Zn from fallout; values ranged from 2-20 pCi 65Zn per 100 g wet weight. 355. Wolfe 1971: Accumulation in clams of radioactive 137Ce due to fallout varied seasonally, directly related to temperature, inversely to salinity. 356. Wolfe 1974: Gives summary of radionuclides emitted by nuclear power plants to atmosphere and water includes heavy metals 64Cu, 56Mn, 51Cr, 69Zn, 65Zn. Also fallout due to nuclear 64Cu, 5Ir 9n weapons adds others. 357. Gross 1970: Ocean dumps (solid wastes) are usually characterized by high levels of heavy metals, petrochemicals, PCB's, pesticides other wastes. Organics have high BOD, and pathogens usually. 358. Schelske 1971: Fish, clams, mussels, scallops, and oysters all accumulated fallout in measurable levels. Clams mussels and oysters accumulated primarily large amounts of 144Ce and 10Ru; Fish 137Cs, 54Mn. 359. Schneider 1970: Poorly designed sanitary landfills can pollute coastal waters through groundwater, streams, rivers. Following pollutants: toxics (PCB's pesticides, heavy metals) and nutrients; landfills are a major source of these materials in coastal areas. 360. Zieman 1976: Turtle grass does not recover rapidly from motor boat cuts because of slow rhizome growth. Tracks require 2-5 years to regrow; decrease in pH, Eh, poor for growth of grass. 361. National Academy of Science 1971 : Sewage introduces pathogens into coastal waters: poliovirus, Coxsackie virus, Echovirus, Rheovirus, Adrenovirus and Hepatitis virus. 362. Copeland and Jones 1956: Sewage disposal into hypersaline lagoon caused DO to drop to zero. Organics settled and killed benthos, including animals/plants. Productivity and diversity dropped to "almost" zero. 363. Ketchum 1972: Sources of radioactive waste in the marine environ- ment: Collisions of nuclear ships, submarines, accidental drop- ping of weapons from military aircraft, crashing of aircraft. 364. Ketchum 1972: Nuclear fuel reprocessing plants will have (perhaps) largest releases of radioactivity in future - especially have to watch 151I, 90Sr, 137Ce, Tritium, 39Ar, Krypton 88. Plutonium storage is worst problem - half life requires 103 years storage to decay. 365. Ketchum 1972: Lists radioactive wastes from a nuclear power plant - Mn, C1, Sr, Y, Mo. 179 366. Pearch 1970: Some solid waste dumps are inhabited by marine organisms, others are devoid of life. 367. Ketchum 1972: Liquid waste from households include: suspended solids, dissolved solids, BOD/COD producing substances, detergents, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, grease and oils. 368. Ketchum 1972: Projected % increases in several metals in ocean via atmospheric fallout of particulates. 369. National Academy of Sciences 1971 : Atmospheric lead contributes 3 times more lead to ocean then does runoff. 370. Patterson 1971: Lead transported in atmosphere concentrates in upper levels of the ocean (Pacific in this example)- there is 10 times the amount of lead in upper waters as compared with the lower depths; major transport vector was aerosols from auto exhausts and lead processing industries. 371. Gunter 1957: Flood control levees along Mississippi River produce faster runoff, greater transport velocities, increases in sedimentation, prevention of flooding of marshes, flood- plains and estuaries; increases in erosion, huge silt deposition in Gulf of Mexico; reduced nutrient drainage from land; salinity increases, less change in salinity, erosion of islands increased; some oyster reefs eliminated. 372. Gunter 1953; Diversion of Mississippi River flow through Bonnet- Carre spillway to lake Pontchartrain between 1937-1950, motile organisms driven out of lake, benthic animals killed; large increase in nutrientsadded to the lake; when salinities were again normal shrimp populations increased. 373. Cronin 1967: Water diversion may reduce fish reproductive poten- tial by eliminating home stream water which is sensed by migra- ting fish. 374. Cronin et al. 1971: Jetties produce minimal biological effects; flora and fauna are actually increased in abundance and diversity over existing beach; however, jetties may block littoral drift and interfere with beach ecosystem; also may block migration of animals into and out of estuary. 375. Wilhm and Dorris 1968: Reduced benthic faunal diversity in stream receiving oil refinery effluents. 376. Tsai 1968: Reduced fish diversity below Patuxent River (Maryland) sewage outfall. 377. Copeland and Jones 1965: Natural impoundment of hypersaline lagoon- Laguna Madre in Texas: lowered productivity due to increased salinity caused by increased evaporation. 180 378. Price 1968: Effects of impounding a 35,000 acre mudflat on west side of Laguna Madre: 1. Reduced (eliminated) tidal flushing across mudflat. 2. Salts evaporated as a result, wind carried them landward, killed off several thousand acres of pasture land. 3. Destroyed bluegreen algae mat that had been in mudflat. 379. Clark and Terrell 1978: Landfilling of solid wastes on the shore particularly in wetland areas, potentially causes: 1. Contamina- tion of groundwater with leachates. 2. Reduction in area of wetlands. 380. Clark and Terrell 1978: Diking of coastal marshes seriously dis- turbs the water level by: 1. Prevention of freshwater flooding and fertilization. 2. Prevention of annual flushing. 3. Preven- tion of annual renewal of sediments and nutrients. 4. Prevention of the formation of new marshes. Dikes and levees to subsidence of soil, through drying, compaction, and oxidation. Diking of 10,000 acres in southern New Jersey resulted in mosquito infesta- tions requiring the application of pesticides, destroyed habitat for an estimated 20,000 clapper rails in summer and 10,000 black ducks in the winter. 381. Clark and Terrell 1978: Excavation by ditching drains a marsh, converting the low marsh to a high marsh or upland community. Result is a loss of diversity of animals, with disappearance of crustacea and molluscs. 382. Schmid 1977: Irrigation and artificial fertilization have permitted a host of introduced ornamental species to survive on Fire Island, both with and without cultivation. 383. Godfrey 1977: Off-road vehicles (ORV) severely damage low salt marsh community (Spartina dominates). Vehicles crush soft peat substrate, creating depressions ("pannes') in which salt water is retained. Mosquitoes breed in the pannes. 384. Woodwell 1967: Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as DDT, become concentrated in fish, fish-eating birds, and other carnivores. In some birds, especially predatory birds such as hawks and eagles, these chemicals contribute to egg-shell thinning and ultimately to reduced nesting success, thereby causing popula- tion declines. 385. Buckley and Buckley 1977: Ditching of salt marshes for mosquito control reduces or drains the pools in which shorebirds and waterfowl abound. Ditching has a pronounced detrimental affect on these birds, reducing the diversity of the birds that nest there by a significant level. 181 386. Buckley and Buckley 1977: In many beach parks, extensive plantings of native and exotic conifers are made. With these vegetational changes come significant changes in birdlife; land bird diversity increase without a doubt, and often spectacularly so. Songbirds on migration stop and linger where previously there was no habitat. Ornamental plants provide nesting habitat for mourning doves, purple grackles, and house finches; shrublands support great numbers of wintering Myrtle Warblers, woodland owls arrive to winter in sheltered coastal Black Pine groves adjacent to salt marches overrun with voles, mice, and rats. 387. Buckley and Buckley 1977: Beach development has caused the local extirpation of many species of birds. However, recently common and Roseate Terns and Black Skimmers are now nesting on open marshy lands in large numbers. It is not clearwhether these species will maintain level population densities in such condi- tions. (Rats are predators there.) 388. Buckley and Buckley 1977: Filling (unconsolidated) wetlands or near beaches with garbage (trash) has resulted in large gull populations, a hazard at airports and elsewhere. Filling (consol.) - Construction of thousands of groins and jetties down the Atlantic coast has contributed to the southward exten- sion of several rock-loving birds, including purple sandpiper, harlequin duck, common eiders, and king eiders. 389. Buckley and Buckley 1977: Excavation of a 250 foot swath across Great South Bay salt marshes and bottoms was made to construct Nassau County/Wantaugh ocean outfall sewer line. After burial, the right-of-way was covered with fresh, clean fill originally removed during construction. This expanses of sand and mud with intermittent pools of shallow Spartina formed ideal habitat for a rich diversity of marsh birds, including some of the greatest concentrations and mixtures of shorebirds seen on western Long Island in recent years. It also provided breeding habitat for tern and skimmer colonies, including the first known nest in New York of Gull-billed Tern, thereby extending the species' breeding range some 150 miles north of its previous limit. On the negative side, vast quantities of shellfish and benthic plants and animals were destroyed in the process of cutting the outfall line, as well as the inevitable effect on mainland Long Island's watertable which will result from dumping hundreds of millions of gallons of freshwater into the ocean instead of recharging the fast disappearing aquifers. 182 390. Buckley and Buckley 1977: Dredge spoil islands are the only locations of relatively undisturbed habitat for many beachfront or true colonial nesting birds, such as Piping Plover, Black Skimmer, Herring and Great Black-backed Gulls, and herons, egrets, and ibises. Located as they invariably are along major "inside" waterways and at inlets, these islands now provide the largest single source of available habitat for colonially nest- ing waterbirds along the entire coast of Long Island. They are exceptionally important in coastal New Jersey, and in the Outer Banks of North Carolina as well. They may also provide nesting habitat for waterfowl. 391. Buckley and Buckley 1977: Off-road vehicles have an adverse effect on bird wildlife, as on Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. 392. Chattin 1970: In California, black brant are a thing of the past. Since the late 1940's the species has declined from well over 60,000 birds to near zero today. While much speculation attended its steady decline, the best guess is that human activity, harassment and disturbance was the cause of it. Of course management shortcomings are capable of remedy and black brant could probably be reinstated as residents of California if, in fact, the causes mentioned are the real ones leading to abandon- ment of the area. 393. Tillis 1973: The following effects were recorded for a large bayfill operation in Alfia Sanctuary on Green Key: nesting by American egrets dropped from 18-28 pairs to zero. Brown peli- cans, which normally nested until fall, hatched one batch of young then deserted the island, nesting cormorants declined by 50 percent and the numbers of wood ibis that nested there dropped from 25-30 to 2 or 3. Although a dozen yellow crowned night herons normally nested in the area, none did so following the nearby filling operation. 394. Ferrigno et al. 1964: From 1955-1968, 16.2% or 34.703 acres of coastal wetlands were filled or diked in Ocean, Atlantic, Burlington, Cape May, Cumberland, and Salem counties in New Jersey. Filling and diking have lead to decline in Spartina alterniflora, and Spartina patens and promoted the spread of common reed, Phragmites communis. 395. Ferrigno et al. 1969: Insecticides (DDT, DDE, DDD) recorded at 4.5 ppm on salt marsh vegetation. Values given for several wildlife sp., to 17.4 ppm in black duck eggs and as high as 40.1 ppm in dead herons. 396. Clark 1974: Diking (1) prevents passage of fish to marsh and (2) obstructs continuity (flow) of nutrients to the estuary (3) produces mosquito breeding grounds and encourages spraying with pesticides. 183 397. Clark 1974: Sewage treatment facilities increase flow of nutrients into coastal zone systems. 398. Clark 1974: Clearing removes habitat and fauna from site (construction sites). 399. Clark 1974: Drainage (urban runoff) - stormwater from cities flushes the surface and there is little or no chance for purification prior to flow into coastal zone ecosystem. 400. Mangold 1962: Diking and absence of tide flows enhances Spartina alterniflora but kills S. patens, Iva frutescens (marsh elder), and Baciliaris halimifolia (high tide bush). 401. Ferrigno 1961: Diking of salt hay marshes in New Jersey "can be a potential mosquito breeding hazard" (mosquito is Aedes sollicitans, a potential vector of disease.) 402. Bourn and Cottam 1950: Excavating (ditching) during the 1930's led to many vegetation changes, which were documented in type- maps of the Mispillion marshes made on 1936, 1938, 1939, 1946, and 1946. 403. Daiber et al. 1976: Ditching may lower the water table. 404. Daiber et al. 1976: Inundation may increase brackish and fresh- water plant species. 405. Daiber et al. 1976: Bulkheading and consolidated filling curtails nutrient exchange, prevents physical and biological interactions between tidewater and terrestrial biota. 406. Daiber et al. 1972: Excavating channels increases saltwater intrusion, alters tidal exchange, alters mixing cycles, and is a source of potential pollution of freshwater aquifers. 407. Copeland and Dickens 1974: Excavation of channels increases salt- water intrusion alters mixing cycles and is a source of potential pollution of freshwater aquifers. 408. Godfrey et al. 1978: Vehicle impacts severe, and can stop the seaward growth of American beach grass (Ammophila breviligulata) in fewer than 100 passes on an established dune. 409. Godfrey et al. 1978: Pedestrian traffic destroys bird nesting habitat and upsets reproductive schedules. 410. Krutson 1978: Clearing and foresting has changed many dunes dramatically, reducing or eliminating the natural vegetation and other organisms living there. 184 411. Faust and Goff 1978: Organic pollution from urban and rural sources increased the levels of fecal coliform bacteria and fecal streptococci in a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. 412. Houge et al. 1978: Clearing of forests (61 in coastal zone of CA) was followed by study of soil erosion plots. Gully erosion increased by 50% on cut blocks, and the amount of vegetation on the same plots increased by 100%. 413. Inman 1978: Construction of structures has often led to increased erosion. 414. Inman 1978: Excavating dunes (for sand/gravel) has had adverse effects on shorelines. 415. Klump and Smith 1976: Vehicle traffic (1-2 passes/wk) or pedes- trian traffic (10-15/wk) along the same route through beach grass (Ammophila) will kill it. 416. McHarg 1969: On barrier islands, subsurface water demand may lower the water table below a critical point and could result in saltwater intrusion, and ultimately to killing off of the stabilizing vegetation. 417. Hauley 1973: Land clearing and drainage frequently add to both the volume of freshwater and the sediment load sent downstream. 418. Rulison and Martin 1972: Channelization; destroys habitat for aquatic life, raises turbidity and temperature of water uplands, reduces the period in which water stands in the forest, changes composition of forest from germ & cypress to red maple,green ash, and such conifers as loblolly and slush pine. The former species require standing water for reproduction. 419. Koeman and Van Gendesen 1966: Pesticides (high levels) in tissues of coastal birds related to mortality (Spoonbills, oystercatchers, terns, gulls, and ducks). 420. Ames 1966: Pesticide loads had adverse effect on nesting success in ospreys. 421. Mooring 1970: Seeds of Spartina alterniflora germinate with greater frequency in alternating thermoperiod (65-95) than in constant 72� temperatures. [thermal effluents may enhance germination of seeds, and within limits, almost surely do not inhibit germination.] 422. Woodell et al. 1967: Pesticides in a Long Island Spartina poterus marsh showed affects at higher trophic levels with increased concentrations. Major effects seen first in the organisms highest in the food chains. 185 423. Springer 1961: Pesticides (DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, and BEC) affected the animals living in the marsh systems on the US eastern seaboard, in the following manners. 1) Athropods most 1 seriously affectediparticularly prawns and blue crabs. 2) Fish in marsh creeks suffered mortality in proportion to doses. 3) Molluscs, snails, turtles, frogs, and mammals showed little evident harm. 424. Chapman 1967: Unconsolidated non-hazardous (or fill, consolidated or unconsolidated) dredge spoil in the estuarine environment can best be assessed in terms of direct physical loss of habitat. [decrease in abundance and diversity of flora and faunal. 425. Davis and Gray 1966: 1) Ditching (drainage) lowered both water table and duration of flooding, resulting in a shift toward species more characteristic of drier situations at the edge of the marsh. 2) Ditching, which led to changes above in (1), resulted in habitat and biota more like those of high marsh border systems, i.e., characterized by smaller numbers of animals. 3) Ditching, which led to changes in (1), retards or eliminates the export of organic matter to estuarine waters. Thus, the effect of ditching is probably detrimental on both the marsh proper and the estuary. 426. Rollins 1973: Salt changes soil salinity and consequently the vegetation of an area. 427. Shieve 1910: Inundation by freshwater leads to replacement of Spartina sp. by Scirpus and Typha. 428. Hobie and Likens 1973: Clearing of forest lands lead to a 26% in surface runoff shortly thereafter. 429. Hoover 1952: Clearing may double flood peaks. 430. Borman et al. 1968: Clear-cut lands had cation-losses 3 to 20 times greater than the vegetated control plots. 431. Bayly and Williams 1973: Clearing of land may so alter the hydrologic regime to cause streams to become intermittent. 432. Darnell 1976: Channelization caused a drop in the water table of the surrounding lands; leads to erosion through steeper gradients and faster flow rate; increased flow tends to reduce habitat diversity. 433. Hoover 1944: Clearing (in North Carolina) was followed bv increased water loss. I I Literature Cited in Documentation Matrices Adams, D. A. 1963. Factors influencing vascular plant zonation in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecology 44(3):445-456. Aleem, A. A. 1972. Effect of river outflow management on marine life. Marine Biology 15:200-8. Ames, P. L. 1966. DDT residues in the eggs of the osprey in the northeastern United States and their relation to nesting success. J. Appl. Ecol. 3 (Suppl.):87-97. Aubert, M., Charra, R. and Malara, G. 1969. 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