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Alvelitmg. 66h the Tdawahe estuafty aRd NO c a sba I lots ant of E9.00formai ItSIN, Office of Itsu,cc. VAIje*::t Writ Iwj:cI I'SnIcts 11jespew I cs"t if 1411 Musprual Zone TeRlIggGaIlla game comminion 4LW iJM S it sit. IM .11 is lip! All COMPUTERIZED FAUNAL INVENTORY FOR THE DELAWARE ESTUARY AND LAKE ERIE COASTAL ZONY 19 Prepared by: Division of Wildlife Planning Bureau of Land Management Pennsylvania Game Commission January, 1989 The preparation of this report was financed in part through the Pennsylvania Co -astal Zone Management Program under revisions of the Coastal Zone ManagementAct of 1972, administered by the Division of Coastal Zone Management, Bureau of Water Resources Management, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. INTRODUCTION one of the 'major limiting factors in the analysis of environmental projects is the availability of faunal inventory data for the project area. Ideally, the project manager should know,which animal species are present within the project area (at all times of year, not just the present), how many (abundance) of each species are present, the habitats used by each species, and the responses likely elicited by the species (individuals and populations)' due to habitat changes on the project site. Many times a plethora of faunal information already is available-for a project area, but is widely dispersed in books, filing cabinets, field notebooks, and the minds of professional ecologists and research biologists. Computer technology has made it possible for biologists to summarize data from diffuse sources into an easily accessible database, with the ability subsequently to analyse complex environmental problems for faun al concerns in minutes rather than hours,- days, and weeks. In the early 1980's a group of research biologists with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed a computerized database of Pennsylvania's faunal resources for use in environmental planning. Management of this database -- the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base -- was transferred to the Pennsylvania Game Commission in 1982. Data Base Contents The Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife, Data Base contains complete profiles for 651 resident and common migrant and select invertebrate species occurring within Pennsylvania. The. 651 species in the Data Base are represented by nine major animal groups, as follows: amphibians@(39), reptiles (36), fishes (171), birds (293), mammals (70), and molluscs (42). Each species profile in the Data Base was compiled using a standard format. containing standard definitions and classifications. Th e definitions, classifications, and data collection format evolved out of an extensive survey of, professional natural resource agencies, universities, and private conservailoh organizations. Each species profile contains descriptors defining distribution in Pennsylvania, legal and use status, habitat-associations, food habits, environmental associations and requirements, life history, and management practices. All of this information, compiled in the standard coding booklet, was summarized by professionals with sound research backgrounds and expert knowledge of the species or species group. Each species profile was developed from a combination of published reports and field notes, and also includes professional opinion. Each data base entry is fully referenced to the original source documents. Data Base Management At the present time two versions of the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base operate - one mainframe and one microcomputer. Th e mainframe version operates on the Univac computer at Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, using the KMAGE database management system. The microcomputer version using Advanced Revelation software- 7 is. 'being tes eedi 'and -manuals- developed for' distribution -in early' 1989. Transition to dedicated micromputer use is expected by October, 1989. Presently, interactive access or batch processing on the mainframe version is possible via telephone with compatible computer hardware. Data Base Availabilit The Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base is available to federal and state agencies, universities, conservation organizations, environmental organizations, environmental and engineering consulting firms, and any individual needing fish and wildlife information. TWO modes of access are possible; direct interactive access, and over-the-counter service through the Game Commission. Interactive access is available only to public agencies. All other prospective users must request information through the Game Commission's Data Base Coordinator. Users of the Data Base have included the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (Eastern States Office), U.S. Office of Surface Mining (Eastern Technical Center), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh District Offices), U.S. Forest Service (Allegheny National Forest, Northeastern State and Private Forestry, and the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pennsylvania Fish commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, (Bureau of Water Quality Management, Water Resources Management, Dams and Waterways Management, Information Systems, and Forestry), and numerous environmentallengine ering consulting firms. Applications Each species profile in the Data Base is divided into 125 separate datafields (e.g., species common-name,. or occurrence within a watershed). Literally thousands of combinations, i.e., questions, are answerable given this type of data organization. The Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base will give almost instantaneous answers to questions like the following: a What fish and.wildlife species are found in Erie County? a What birds and mammals are found in riparian habitats of the Chatauqua-Conneaut drainage of eastern Lake Erie? * What species occurring in,the Chatauqua-Conneaut drainage would be adversely affected (or benefited) by channelizing andlor impounding water? @ What vertebrate wildlife species in Bucks County require cavities in snags for nesting? * What endangered or threatened species occur in estuarine habitats in Delaware County and what types of activities would adversely affect their survival? 2 Wha t are-the habitat -requ irements and limiting-factors of the federally endangered piping plover? Specific applications already noted by Data Base users include: 1. Basic descriptions of individual species, their habitat associations, and life histories. 2. Preparation and review of permit applications for surface -mining, power plant siting, point source discharge, solid waste and hazardous waste disposal, and wetland encroachments. 3. Analysis of proposals to designate. species water quality classifications for waterways. 4. Evaluation and review of energy development proje ct sites, flood control projects, road construction and improvement projects, bridge replacements, and fly ash disposal sites. 5. Preparation and review, of environmental assessments and 2mpact statements (fish and wildlife section). 6. Preparation of wildlife research proposals. 7. Guilding species for habitat evaluation procedures and the construction of species models. 8. Analysis of habitat specific wildlife trends in Pennsylvania. 9. Information source for biological technical training and public information requests. Updating The Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base, like any other data source, remains valuable only as long as the information obtained is current and meets the expressed needs of the end-user. Information must be updated periodically, incorporating new research findings and new information elements required by users to maintain value and integrity. Through an extensive review of the pre sent Data Base elements and capabilities with Data Base users, several new elements or categories of information (e.g., life history - behavior, reproduction, population dynamics, and limiting factors) and new element values had been identified for inclusion in the Data Base. Additionally, evaluators emphasized the need to review,and incorporate new information on species distribution and life history reported in ecological publications. PROJECT OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to update select coastal zone dwelling species in the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base by summarizing the best available info tion and adding it to existing and new data categories in the Data Base; that is, by compiling data on animal species seasonal distribution, forest-habitat relationships, environmental associations and preferences, food habits, life history, HEPIPAM-HEP model 3 data, and @additional management. practices @_and,effects. @This effort consisted of a comprehensive survey of existing literature and records, without further field investigation, i.e., a summary of our state-of-knorArl edge. This information was entered into the Data Base and stored in key-word searchable fashion to facilitate data retrieval and analysis. Updated faunal data stored and retrieved in the Data Base from this project may be readily obtained to advance Coastal Zone Management program goals requiring the consideration of wildlife resources, including port projects in lakefront areas, public access projects along the coastal zone, coastal zone comprehensive plan updates, and educational programs informing the public of the value of coastal zone areas. METHODS Species to be updated were identified by geographic location (Erie and Delaware Estuary Coastal Zone Areas), and habitats- (e.g., lacustrine littoral systems with cobblelgravel beaches) occurring within the areas. Emphasis was placed on species that breed, over-winter, and use adjacent habitats for a significant purpose. The 132 species selected for the project are identified in Figures 1 through 6. 4 -Figure 1. Birds-. incl-aded in the .'computerized faunal inventory for the Lake Erie and Delaware Estuary Coastal Zones. Common Name Scientific Name Blackbird, red-winged Azelaius phoeniceus Blackbird, rusty Euphagus carolinus Brant Branta bernicula Canvasback Aythra valisineria Cardinal, northern Cardinalis cardinalis Catbird, gray Dumetella carolinensis Crow, fish Corvus ossifragus -Dove, mourning Zenaide macroura Duck, ruddy Oxyura lamaicensis Duck, wood Aix sponsa Egret, cattle Bubulcus ibis Egret, great Casherodius albus Egret, snowy Leucophoyx thula Flycatcher, willow Empidonax traillii Gnatcatcher blue-gray Polioptila caerulea Goose, Cana@a Branta canadensis Goose, snow Chen hyperborea Grackle, common @uiscalus quiscula Grebe, horned Podiceps auritus Grebe, pied-billed Podilymbus podiceps Grebe, red-necked Podiceps jzrisegena Heron, black-crowned night Nycticorax nycticorax Heron, green-backed Butorides virescens Heron, yellow-crowned night Nyctanassa violacea Ibis, glossy Plegadis falcinellus Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Kingbird, eastern Tyrannus tyrannus Loon, common Gavia immer Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Merganser, common Mergus merizanser Merganser, hooded Mergus cucullatus Moorhen, common gallinule Gallinula chloropus Oldsquaw Clan-aula hyemalls Owl, snowy Nyctea scandiaca Phalarope, Wilson's Phalaropus tricolor Pipit, water Anthus spinoletta Plover, black-bellied Pluvialis squatarola Plover, semi-palmated Charadrius semipalmatus Rail, king Rallus elegans Rail, Virginia Rallus limicola Rail, yellow Coturnicoys noveboracensis Sandpiper, buff-breasted Tryngites subruficallis Sandpiper, least Calidris minutilla Sandpiper, pectoral Calidris melanotos Sandpiper, solitary Tringa solitaria Sandpiper, spotted Actitis awcularia Scaup, greater Aythya marila Scaup, lesser Aythya affinis Scoter, white-winged Millanita fusca Shoveler, northern Anas clypeata @5 Sora Porzana carolina Sparrow Savannah Passerculus sandwichensis Sparrow, swamp Melospiza georgiana Swallow, barn Hirundo rustica Swallow, cliff Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Swan, tundra Olor columbianus Swan, mute Cyonus olor Teal, blue-winged Anas discors Teal, green-winged Anas crecca Tern, black Chlidonias niger Tern, caspian Sterna caspia Tern, least Sterna albifrons Turnstone, ruddy Arenaria interpres Vireo, white-eyed Vireo griseus Warbler, prothonotary Protonotaria citrea Widgeon, American Anas americana Widgeon, Eurasian Anas penelope Wren, sedge Cistothorus platensis 6 Figure 2. Mammals included in the computerized faunal inventory for the Lake Erie and Delaware Estuary Coastal Zones. Common Name Scientific Name Bat, big brown Eptesicus fuscus Chipmunk Tamias striatus Cottontail, eastern Sylvilagus floridanus Fox, gray Urocyon cinereoargenteus Fox, red Vulpes vulpes Hole, eastern Scalopus aquaticus Mouse, house Mus muscalus House, white-footed Peromyscus leucopus Rat, Norway Rattus norvegicus Skunk, striped Memphitis mephitis Squirrel, gray Sciurus carolinensis Vole, pine woodland Microtus pinetor 7 Figure 3. Amphibians included in the computerized faunal inventory for the Lake Erie and Delaware Estuary Coastal Zones. Common Name Scientific Name Frog, bull Rana catesbeiana Frog, New Jersey chorus Pseudacris triseriata kalmi Frog, northern cricket Acris c. crepitans Hellbender, eastern Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis Mudpuppy Necturus m. maculosus Peeper, northern spring Hyla c. crucifer Salamander, longtail Eurycea 1. longicauda 8 Figure 4. Fishes included in the computerized faunal inventory for the Lake Erie and Delaware Estuary Coastal Zones. Common Name Scientific Name Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus Bass, rock Ambloplites rupestris Bass, smallmouth Micropterus dolomieui Bass, striped Morone saxatilis Bass, white Morone chrysops Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Bullhead, brown Ictalurus nebulosus Bullhead, yellow Ictalurus natalis Carp, common Cyprinus carpio Catfish, channel Italurus punctatus Catfish, white Ictalurus catus Chub, hornyhead Nocomis biquttatus Chub, silver Hybopis storeriana Chubsucker, creek Erimyzon oblongus Crappie, black Pomoxis nigromaculatus Dace, blacknose Rhinichthys atratulus Dace, longnose Rhinichthys cataractae Darter, channel Percina copelandi Darter, tessellated Estheostoma olmstedi Madtom, margined Noturus insignis Minnow, silvery Hybognathus nuchalis Minnow, bluntnose Pimephales notatus Minnow, fathead Pimephales promelas Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus Perch, white Morone americana Pickerel, chain Esox niger Pickerel, redfin Esox americanus americanus Pike, blue Stizostedion vitreum glaucm Redliorse, golden Moxostoma erythrurum Redhorse, shorthead Moxostoma macrolepidotum Salmon, chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Salmon, coho Oncorhynchus kisutch Shad, American Alosa sapidissima Shiner, emerald Notropis atherinoides Shiner, common Notropis cornutus Shiner, mimic Notropis volucellus Shiner, redfin Notropis umbratilis Shiner, rosyface Notropis rubellus Shiner, spotfin Notropis spilopterus Shiner, spottail Notropis hudsonius Shiner, swallowtail Notropis procne Stickleback, fourspine Apeltes quadracus Stickleback, threespine Gasterosteus aculeatus Stonecat Noturus flavus 9 0 Figure 4. Fishes included in the computerized faunal inventory for the Lake Erie and Delaware Estuary Coastal Zones. Sturgeon, lake Acipenser fulvescens Sucker, northern hog Hypentelium nigricans Sunfish, banded Enneacanthus obesus Sunfish, blue-spotted Enneacanthus Aloriosus Sunfish, green Lepomis cyanellus Sunfish, redbreast Lepomis auritus Walleye Stizostedion v. vitreum Warmouth Leponis 0gulosus Whitefish, lake Coregonus Ciudeaformis 210 Figure 5. Reptiles included in the computerized faunal inventory for the Lake Erie aid Delaware Estua Coastal Zones. Common Name Scientific Name Snake, eastern ribbon Thannophis s. sauritus Snake, shorthead garter Thamnophis brachystoma Turtle, wood Clemmys insculpta Figure 6. Molluscs. included-in the computerized. faunal inventory for the Lake Erie and Delaware Estuary Coastal Zones. Common Name Scientific Name Pigtoe, round Pleurobema sintoxia Pocketbook, tidewater Leptodea ochracea Shell, Fisher's purple Elliptio fisheriana Shell, northern lamp Pleurobems clava Shell, painted riffle Epioblasma triquetra Campeloma decisum Helisoma trivolvis Physa heterostropha 12 Figure 7. Fieldnames and definitions of data categories defined in the Pennsylvania Fishand Wildlife Data Base. FIELDNAME DESCRIPTION T.FPART TRANSLATION OF THE FPART CODE FIELD ENVIRON.ASSOC MERGED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS XLATES. T.QUAD.CODE TRANSLATION ELEMENT FOR THE QUAD.CODE ELEMENT. T.NWIMOD TRANSLATION FOR THE NWIMOD CODE FIELD T.LAND.USE TRANSLATION FOR THE LAND.USE CODE FIELD FOOD.HABITS MERGED FOOD HABITS RETURN.SPECIES. SYMBOLIC FIELD THAT HOLDS DEFAULT SPECIES ID. T.ECOREGION TRANSLATION FOR THE ECOREGION CODE FIELD T.STATUS TRANSLATION OF THE STATUS CODE FIELD T.UNK.COUNTY TRANSLATION ELEMENT FOR THE UNK.COUNTY FIELD. DEFAULT.SPECIES SYMBOLIC ELEMENT THAT HELPS TRANSFER A SPECIES ID FROM SCREEN TO SCREEN. T.ELIFESTAGE TRANSLATION OF THE ELIFESTAGE CODE FIELD. T.REFERENCE SYMBOLIC ELEMENT THAT PULLS PART OF THE CITATION UP FROM THE MASTREF FILE. T.ABS.COUNTY TRANSLATION FIELD FOR THE ABS.COUNTY FIELD. T.PHYS TRANSLATION FOR THE PHYS CODE FIELD T.MGT TRANSLATION FOR THE MGT CODE FIELD WETLANDS MERGED NWI XLATES. T.NAME TRANSLATION TO DISPLAY THE COMMON NAME OF THE SPECIES REQUESTED. SAF MERGED SAF.TYPE XLATES.- @CRT T.ABUND.CTY TRANSLATION FIELD FOR THE ABUND.CTY T.FOOD TRANSLATION OF THE FOOD CODE FIELD T.NWISPEC TRANSLATION FOR THE NW ISPEC CODE FIELD T.OCCUR.COUNTY TRANSLATION FIELD FOR THE OCCUR.COUNTY ELEMENT. Figure. 7. Fieldnames and definitions of data categories defined-in the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base. FIELDNAME DESCRIPTION DISTRIB MERGED FOOD HABITS T.SAF.TYPE TRANSLATION FOR THE SAF.TYPE CODE FIELD T.PNV TRANSLATION FOR THE PNV CODE FIELD. T.CAT TRANSLATION FOR THE CODED FIELD CATEGORY. T.NWI TRANSLATION FOR THE NWI CODE FIELD ALL.REFS THE FULL CITATIONS FOR ALL REFERENCES USED IN A SPECIES BOOKLET. T.STAGE TRANSLATION OF THE SAF STAGE CODE FIELD T.CLOS TRANSLATION OF THE SAF CLOS CODE FIELD T.HYDRO.CODE TRANSLATION ELEMENT FOR THE T.HYDRO.CODE ELEMENT. T.SEAS.OCCUR TRANSLATION ELEMENT FOR THE T.SEAS.OCCUR FIELD. T.MGT.FIELD TRANSLATION OF THE MGT.FIELD CODE FIELD T.FSIZE TRANSLATION FOR THE FSIZE CODE FIELD. MANAGEMENT THE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES SHUFFLED TRANSLATIONS. T.FLIFESTAGE TRANSLATION OF THE FLIFESTAGE CODE FIELD. T.ENVIRON TRANSLATION OF THE ENVIRON CODE FIELD. T.NWICLS TRANSLATION FO THE ENVIRON CODE FIELD. SPECIES.ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION KE Y CAT THE CATEGORY CODE FROM THE BOVA SPECIES LIST. NAME THE COMMON NAME OF THE SPECIES AS LISTED BY THE APPROPRIATE REFERENCE AND THE BOVA SPECIES RECORD. PHYLUM THE NAME OF THE PHYLUM THE SPECIES IS IN WHICH THE SPECIES HAS BEEN CATEGORIZED. SUBPHYLUM THE SUBPHYLUM FOR A GIVEN SPECIES. CLASS THE CLASS DESIGNATION FOR THE SPECIES. SUBCLASS SUBCLASS OF SPECIES. ORDER ORDER OF SPECIES. 13A Figure--7@ -Fieldnames and definitions of data categories defined in the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base.. FIELDNAKE DESCRIPTION SUBORDER SUBORDER OF SPECIES. FAMILY FAMILY OF SPECIES. SUBFAMILY SUBFAMILY OF SPECIES. GENUS GENUS OFSPECIES. SUBGENUS THE SUBGENUS OF SPECIES. SPECIES" SELF-EXPLANATORY SSP SUB-SPECIES AUTHORITY TAXONOMICAUTHORITY FOR THE SPECIES TAXONOMIC CATEGORIZATION. R.TAXONOMY THE REFERENCE(S) USED TO COMPLETE THE FIELDS DESCRIBING THE TAXONOMY.OF THE SPECIES. C.TAXONOMY COMMENTS CONCERNING THE TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION STATUS THE STATUS CODES WHICH DESCRIBE THE LEGAL, ECONOMIC, OR ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE SPECIES IN THE COMMONWEALTH. R.STATUS THE REFERENCES USED TO COMPLETE THE STATUS INFORMATION FOR THE SPECIES. C.STATUS COMMENTS REFERRING TO THE STATUS. OCCUR.COUNTY A LIST OF FIPS CODE FOR COUNTIES WHERE SPECIES OCCUR. ABS.COUNTY A LIST OF FIPS CODES FOR COUNTIES WHERE SPECIES IS KNOWN TO BE ABSENT. UNK.COUNTY A LIST OF FIPS CODES FOR COUNTIES WHERE THE SPECIES IS UNKNOWN TO OCCUR. SEAS.OCCUR SEASONAL OCCURRENCE CODES IN DISTRIBUTION SECTION. ABUND.CTY COUNTY ABUNDANCE CODES-IN RELATION TO SEASONAL OCCURRENCE. HYDRO.CODE OWDC HYDROLOGIC UNIT CODES IN RELATION TO SEASONAL OCCURRENCE. QUAD.CODE 7.5' QUADRANGLE OCCURRENCE. LATLONG LATITUDE/LONGITUDE POINT FOR HIGH VALUE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION. 13B Figure 7. "Fieldnames and definitions of data categories d6fifi6d'in the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base. Fieldname Description R.HABITAT REFERENCED USED TO DOCUMENT THE HABITAT FIELD. RIPARIAN DESIGNATE THE SPECIES AS OCCURRING IN RIPARIAN HABITATS. R.RIPARIAN RIPARIAN-REFERENCES. FSIZE FOREST SIZE CLASS. R. FSIZE'-. FOREST SIZE REFERENCES. SAF.TYPE SAF FOREST COVER TYPES (WITH VARIANTS). STAGE THE STAGE MODIFIER FOR SAF FOREST COVER TYPE. CLOS CANOPY CLOSURE. R.SAF.TYPE REFERENCES FOR SAF FOREST COVER TYPES. LAND.USE LANDUSE/LANDCOVER CLASSIFICATION THAT SPECIES IS ASSOCIATED WITH. R.LAND.USE LAND USE REFERENCES. NWI SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM INFORMATION THAT THE SPECIES is KNOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH. NWICLS CLASS/SUBCLASS INFORMATION MODIFYING THE NWI FIELD. R.Nwi THE REFERENCES USE TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMAITON IN THE NWI FIELD. C.HAB.ASSOC COMMENTS REGARDING SPECIES HABITAT. ANIMAL.PLANT LIST OF SYMBIOT IC AND OTHER PLANT/ANIMAL ASSOC. R.ANIMAL.PLANT ANIMAL/PLANT REFERENCES. C.ANIMAL.PLANT COMMENTS ON ANIMAL/PLANT RELATIONSHIPS. HAB.INTERRELN INFORMATION ASSOCIATING SPECIES WITH HABITAT, SEASON, FUNCTION, RELATIVE VALUE, AND OTHER FEATURES. R.HAB.INTERRELN REFERENCES FOR HABITAT INTERRELATIONSHIP. HIGH.HABITAT HIGH HABITATS REQUIRED FOR COMPLETION OF SPECIES LIFE CYCLE. R.HIGH.HABITAT HIGH HABITAT REFERENCES. C.HIGH.HAB ITAT COMMENTS REGARDING HIGH HABITAT INFORMATION. 13C Figure 7. Pieldnames and definitions of data categories defined in the Pennsylvania Fishand Wildlife Data Base. Fieldname DESCRIPTION HEP Information for calculating habitat suitability indices (HSI) using habitat evaluation. HSI Information for calculating habitat suitability indices using, habitat evaluation. R.HEP REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION IN THE HEP FIELD. C.HEP COMMENTS ON HEP INFORMATION. TROPHIC TROPHIC LEVEL THAT BEST DESCRIBES GENERAL FOOD HABITS OF SPECIES. R.TROPHIC REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION IN THE TROPHIC FIELD. F.LIFESTAGE LIFESTAGE FOR FOOD HABITS. FOOD THE SPECIFIC FOOD ITEM CONSUMED BY SPECIES. FPART THE SPECIFIC PART OF OF FOOD ITEM CONSUMED BY SPECIES. R.FOOD.G REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION FOR THE GENERAL FOOD HABITS OF THE SPECIES. R.FOOD.I REFERENCES USED T 0 DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION IN THE IMPORTANT FOOD HABITATS OF THE SPECIES. C.FOOD COMMENTS FOR THE GENERAL AND IMPORTANT FOOD HABITS OF SPECIES. RjOOD.L REFERENCES.USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATIONIN THE LARVAL FOOD HABITATS OF THE SPECIES. C.FOOD.L COMMENTS REGARDING THE LARVAL FOOD HABITATS OF THE SPECIES. R.FOOD.J REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE JUVENILE FOOD HABITATS OF THE SPECIES. C.FOIOD.J COMMENTS ON THE JUVENILE FOOD HABITATS OF THE SPECIES. R.FOOD.A REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE ADULT FOOD HABITATS OF THE SPECIES. C.FOOD.A COMMENTS REGARDING THE ADULT FOOD HABITATS OF THE SPECIES. ELIFESTAGE THE LIFESTAGE FOR THE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE SPECIES. 13D Figure 7. Fieldnames and definitions of data categories defined in the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base. FIELDNANE DESCRIPTION ENVIRON THE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE SPECIES LIFE STAGE. R.ENVIRON THE REFERENCE(S) USED TO CITE THE FIELDS DESCRIBING THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE SPECIES. R.ENVIRON.LIM REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION IN THE LIMITING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. C.ENVIRON COMMENTS ON THE GENERAL AND LIMITING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.E REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE EGG LIFESTAGE. R.ENVIRON.FL REFERENCES FOR THE FEEDING LARVA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. C.ENVIRON.FL COMMENTS ON FEEDING LARVA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.RL REFERENCES FOR RESTING LARVA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.P REFERENCES FOR PUPA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. C.ENVIRON.P COMMENTS ON PUPA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.FJ REFERENCES FOR FEEDING JUVENILE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. C.ENVIRON.FJ COMMENTS ON FEEDING JUVENILE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.RJ REFERENCES FOR RESTING JUVENILE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. C.ENVIRON.RJ COMMENTS ON RESTING JUVENILE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.FA REFERENCES FOR FEEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.RA REFERENCES FOR RESTING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. C.ENVIRON.RA COMMENTS ON RESTING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. R.ENVIRON.BA REFERENCES FOR BREEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. 13E Figure 7. Fieldnames and definitions-of data categories defined in the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base. FIELDNA14E DESCRIPTION C.ENVIRON.BA COMMENTS ON BREEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS. LIFE.HIST TEXT FIELD FOR LIFE HISTORY INFORMATION. R.LIFE.HIST REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION FOR THE LIFE HISTORY FIELD. C.LIFE.HIST COMMENTS 014 LIFE HISTORY. MGT.FIELD INDICATES RELATIONSHIP OF THE MANAGEM ENT PRACTICE TO THE SPECIES (BENEFICIAL, ADVERSE, OR EXISTING). MGT SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICE. R.MGT.B REFERENCES FOR DOCUMENTATION OF THE BENEFICIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES. R.M6T.A REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION IN THE ADVERSE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES. R.MGT.E REFERENCES TO DOCUMENT THE EXISTING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES. C.MGT COMMENTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. REFERENCES REFERENCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE INFORMATION FOR THE SPECIES. LIFE.HIST.C COMMENTS ON THE LIFE HISTORY SECTION. COM.NAME SPECIES COMMON NAME., SCI-NAME SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME. RES.STATUS SPECIES YEAR-ROUND STATUS. R.DISTRIB REFERENCES ON DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE STATE. C.DISTR IB COMMENTS ON DISTRIBUTION SECTION. DATE.OUT WORKBOOK TRACKING SYSTEM. EDITOR DATE.IN R.ENVIRON.L CONTAINS REFERENCE NUMBERS FOR THE LARVAL STAGE ENVIRON CODES. 13F Information from existing literature sources. and agency records were obtained to facilitate data summary, and computerized literature surveys (e.g., DIALOG) were completed by Game Commission (PGC) staff. At the same time, consulting biologists were contracted with via Commonwealth competitive contracting procedures to review, critique, and summarize the available species information in the standard Species Workbook format. See Appendix A for a list of subcontractors. Species Workbooks were reviewed and corrected as needed by PGC staff in Harrisburg. Species Workbook contents were entered into the Data Base, reviewed, and edited as necessary to compile a revised species record. Description of Species-Profile Contents Species descriptions were compiled by species experts using the standard format, the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base Species Workbook. Appendix B contains a sample. This workbook provides a standard format for species profiles in ten information categories: 1. Taxonom Standard, generally accepted, taxonomic references are used to enter common and scientific names, and a complete taxonomic profile from phylum to subspecies. Also included is a narrative discussion of the species taxonomy, and commonly used scientific and common name synonyms that permit greater search efficiency. 2. Status The status category allows for a description of the species current legal and use status within the Commonwealth and the identification of regulatory authorities. Status types are identified to facilitate locating federallstate endangeredl t1hreatenedl vulnerable species, as well as a variety of other categories. 3. Distribution Species distribution within Pennsylvania is discussed narratively and fully referenced. Distribution is coded into separate searchable fields by county using Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) codes; 7 112' quadrangles; U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) Hydrologic Units; Bailey's Ecoregion Classification; Kuchler's Potential Natural Vegetation; and, for special status species, latitudel longitude of specific point and areal locations. Also included is species seasonal occurrence within each county and relative abundance by county. 14 4. Habitat Associations Species -'habitat associations are described narratively as discussed in the reviewed literature and using a series of standard habitat surrogates commonly used for habitat inventory and environmental review. Habitat associations used include the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Use and Land Cover Classification system; the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory Classes and Timber Size Classes; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetland Inventory Classification System. Additionally, environmental (physical, biological, and ecological) associations and requirements were recorded for each species by life stage. 5. Habitat Evaluation Procedures Models If final or draft habitat evaluation models were available for a species, this was recorded and the model type identified. Habitats and model elements are listed as well. 6. Animal and Plant Associations Important animal andlor plant associations, e.g., commensalism, are described in this section. 7. Food Habits Species food habits are described narratively and using a standard set of food resources. Foods consumed by each life stage (e.g., juvenile) are recorded separately. 8. Life History A complete narrative profile of the species life history is compiled in six separate sections: physical description, origi,n within Pennsylvania, behavior, reproduction, population dynamics, and limiting factors. Select life history paramaters were recorded into 22 separate searchable fields. 9. Management Management activities that affect the species survival and population levels either positively or negatively are narratively described and recorded using a standard set of management practices. 1.0. References All the literature sources and other information sources referenced in compiling the previous nine sections are compiled in this category. DATA BASE FORMAT The revised format for the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base includes 169 separate fields of information for each species (Figure 7). Data from each completed Species Workbook are inserted into the Data Base in the designated fields. 15 Printouts or listings, of species accounts -.before and after updating completed during this study provide an excellent illustration of the additional fields of information included in updating and additional values in existing data fields. Printouts of the Sedge wren prior to updating (App@endix D) and after updating (Appendix E) are provided for comparative purposes. A field-by-field comparison of these two printouts will highlight the new data fields for each species account, including the expanded narrative discussions and the additional values added in pre-existing fields. 16 In addition to the Sedge wren.displayed in Appendices D and E, the following updated species accounts are provided as. representative examples of the nature and extent of information generated by this project: Appendix A. List of subcontractors used in compiling the computerized bird and mammal inventory for the Lake Erie Coastal. Zone. Title Address Telephone Dr. C.J. McCoy Consultant Carnegie Museum of (412) 622-3258 Natural History Pittsburgh, PA Stephen A. Miller Consultant Eight Merion Lane (717) 566-9992 Hummelstown, -PA, 17036 Dr. Edward T. Reed Consultant T.E.S., Inc (315) 695-7228 Phoenix, NY 13135 Timothy D. Brush Consultant Muddy Run Ecological Laboratory (717) 548-2121 Drumore, PA 17518 William S. Ettinger Consultant 222 Lilac Lane (215) 385-6755 Douglassville, PA 19518 Appendix B. Sample Species Workbook. Appendix C. Sample Abstract Species Workbook (including status and distribution composites only) Appendix D. Sample Species Profile of the Sedge wren prior to updating. Appendix E. Updated Species Profile of the Sedge wren. Appendix F. Updated Species Profile of the American shad. Appendix G. Updated Species Profile of the King rail. Appendix H. Updated Species Profile of the Striped bass. 17 I I I I I I I I I APPE"ICES I I I I I I I I I I I - .- APPENDIX A List of Subcontractors Appendix A. List of subcontractors used in compiling the computerized bird and mammal inventory for the Lake Erie Coastal Zone. Ti tl e Address Telephone Dr. C.J. McCoy Consultant Carnegie Museum of (412) 622-32 58 Natural History Pittsburgh, PA Stephen A. Miller Consultant Eight Merion Lane (717) 566-9992 Hummelstown, PA 17036 Dr. Edward T. Reed Consultant T.E.S., Inc. (315) 695-7228 Phoenix, NY .13135 Timothy D. Brush Consultant Muddy Run Ecological Laboratory (717) 548-2121 Drumore, PA 17518 William S. Ettinger Consultant 222 Lilac Lane (215) 385-6755 Douglassville, PA 19518 APPENDIX B Species Workbook Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base -APPENDIX'B. PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Pennsylvania P. 0. BOX 1567 Fish and Wildlife,\ HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17105-1567 Data Base SPECIES VORKBOOK Species Code Number: Species Common Name: Species Scientific Name: Workbook Compilers: Name: Name: Agency: Agency: Address: Address: Phone: Phone: Workbook Reviewers: Name: Name: Agency: Agency: Address: Address: Phone: Phone., 7- 1 Computer Entry: Computer Entry Verification: Name: Name: Date t- Date: Date loaded into Data Base System: P E N N S Y L V A N I A F I S H A N D W I L D L I F E D A T A B A S E S P E C I E S W 0 R K B 0 0 K Pennsylvania Game Commission P.O. Box 1567 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-1567 Developed by Calvin W. DuBrock Biometrician and Data Base Coordinator Division of Environmental Impact Assessment and Minerals Bureau of Land Management August 1984 (Revised September, 1985) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This Species Workbook and the resulting Pennsy lvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base are the result of a continuing effort over several years by many individuals and agencies to provide readily accessible species information for use in natural resource planning and management. Agencies that have contributed to this project over the many years include the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Office of Surface Mining, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, Colorado Division of Wildlife, Illinois Department of Conservation, Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Special thanks are due many for their support in this program and development of the workbook. In particular, I would like to recognize and thank for their assistance and helpful comments: Charles Cushwa, Gene Ludlow, Henry Gerke, James Brown, Glenn Gravatt, David Putnam, Jerry Touval, David Reese, John Forren, Richard Heaslip, Stephen Miller, Robert Brooks, Joseph Barnard, Richard Roth, Edwin Pentecost, Germain LaRoche, Daniel Devlin, Richard Croop, Ken Hickok, Paul Steblein, Jerry Hassinger, John Kriz, Bill Palmer, Bill Shope, Calvin Butchkoski, Jerry Wunz, Arnie Hayden, Fred Hartman, John Dunn, Gregory Grabowicz, John Byerly, Frank Mazzotti, and Bruce Anderson. Special recognition and thanks are due 'to Arlene Mill@r and Joan Mehaffey for their patience, perserverance, and typing and editorial skill:3 that permitted completion of this workbook. PENNSYLVANIA FISH AND WILDLIFE DATA BASE SPECIES WORKBOOK Table of Contents General Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Taxonomy 3 A T;x;n;mic*N;m;n;l;tu*r; 3 8: Taxonomic Narrative 4 C. Taxonomic Synonyms 5 D. Reference for Taxonomy 5 Status . . . . . . . . . . . 6 A. Status Narrative . . : : : : : : : : : *0 1 *0 6 B. References for Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Co Status Checklist .. . . . . . 7 Species Distribution,, . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A. Distribution Narrative . . . . . . . 10 B. References for Distribution . o . . 13 C. Statewide Resident Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 D. Distribution by County 4 E. Distribution by Office of Water Data Coordination (;W;C; 1 Hydrologic Units . . . . . . . 0 0 . a . * . . 0 0 0. . 18 F. Distribution by Ecoregions and Land Surface Forms . . . 21 G. Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation Types . 24 H. Distribution by USGS 7 1/21 Quadrangles 26 Io Distribution by Latitude and Longitude 27* Habitat Associations . . . . . . . . . 29 A. Habitat Associations Narrative 29 B. References for Habitat Associations 31 C. General Habitat Associations 32 D. Land Use/Land Cover Associations . . . . . . . . .33 E. Forest Habitat Associations o . o o . . 0 0 . . . . . 34 F. Timber Class Associations . . . . o o . . 36 G. Wetland Habitat Associations 37 Niche/Environmental Requirements 43 Habitat Evaluation Procedures Models 67 Animal and Plant Associations 68 0 Food Habits . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 A. Food Habits Narrative . . . 69 B. References for Food Habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 70 C. General Food Habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 D. Food Habits Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Life History . . . . . . . . . . . 75 A. LifeHistory Narrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 1. Physical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 2. Origin Within Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3. Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4. Reproductive Characteristics and Requirements . . . . . . . . 77 5. Population Biology . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78 6. Limiting Factors . 79 B. References for Life History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 C. Life History Checklists 80 Management . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 87 A. Management Narrative . . . . . 87 B. References for Management . 88 C. Management Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS This Species Workbook has been developed to compile information in a standard format for the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base. The Data Base is a computerized library of species information that is keyword searchable, providing instant access to information for 840+ animals occurring in Pennsylvania. The Data Base provides an important focus for storing and acce3 sing animal for Pennsylvania species. Game.Commission personnel and others use this Data Base for environmental assessments, habitat evaluation and management, species management research, wildlife extension, and education. This workbook has been designed for compiling a complete, concise profile of the distribution, status, biology, and management of the species. You will find 3everal "narrative" and "checklist" sections in this workbook, with specific instructions accompanying each section. Most Of the reference materials required to complete a section have been incorporated into the instructions and checklists. Additional materials or references that might be required to correctly complete a section, but were too voluminous or inappropriate to .include in the workbook, are included in the Species Workbook Supplemental Ma nual. Some of the information requested in sections of the workbook will appear to be duplicated; therefore, it is important to understand the different functions of the narrative sections and checklists. Narratives The narratives should be written in a flowing, readable format. They should provide quick, fully referenced, documentation to the. Data Base User for environmental assessments, planning decisions, etc. The narratives should be written to stand alone; that is, even if the information is requested again in a 3Ummary checklist, it is essential that all relevant/appropriate information for the topic be included in the narrative text. An individual retrieving narrative information from the Data Base probably will not have viewed any of the checklist information. All information presented in these narratives Must be referenced. Assign each reference a numerical code (sequentially beginning with 01, based upon order of appearance in the text); then record the complete citation in the REFERENCE section of this workbook. Use these codes along with the page numbers in the citation throughout the narratives to indicate the sources for each item of information; e.g., this species depositi eggs in warm, well-drained, sandy soils (03:14, 14:350-353, 15:4-5). When completing the narratives (and other sections requesting text), it is preferred that the information first be drafted and then typed or neatly printed in the workbook. Slash all zeros M") to prevent confusion with the letter "0". These steps will greatly decrease the incidence of keypunch errors when the information is entered into the computer. Summary Checklists The checklists are designed to summarize selected information in the narratives into standardized keywords to allow rapid retrievals from the Data Base. Many of the checklist codes/words are established standards used by other agencies. By using these standardst the checklists will permit specific retrievals from the Data Base; e.g., what species occur in palustrine wetlands? These standard keywords also are Useful for croS3walking to other existing databases or mapping systems and for regional/national summaries. Use your professional judgment to resolve cases in which there may be overlap or gray areas in the checklists. If a species relationship to a standard code/word is uncertain, it is better to indicate a positive connection rather than not indicate it and not be able to retrieve the species in situations involving that code/word. Remember, the narratives will always serve as the definitive source for describing the species. 2 TAXONOKY A. Taxonomic Nomenclature Note: If this Workbook is being used to describe more than one subspecies, indicate all subspecies being described in the Taxonomic Narrative section. Complete the taxonomic description below to the species level only and enter the taxonomic authority for species. Group (check only one): _ Amphibian --Bird Crustacean Fish Insect - Aquatic Insect - Terrestrial Mammal Mollusc Other Aquatic Invertebrate (not insect) Other Terrestrial Invertebrate (not insect) Peptile Phylum: Subphylum: Class: Subclass: Order: Suborder: Superfamily: Family: Subfamily: Tribe: Genus: Subgenus: Species: Subspecies: Taxonomic Authority and Date (for Species/Subspecies): 3 B. Taxonomic Narrative Briefly discuss any variations or disagreements on species identification, classification, and/or nomenclature. Identify any common synonyms for both common and scientific names found in the literature (past or present) or in Use in other databases or by other administrative agencies. Additionally, identify type specimens and/or references to descriptions, photographs, drawings, or collections which may be U3eful for species identification. For all.information provided in the narrative, provide reference codes identifying the information source and source page(s) within the text (e.g. 03:438-440) and record the complete citation in the REFERENCE 3ection at the back of this workbook. C. Taxonomic Synonyms Sequentially list (one per line) all other nomenclature variations and common names used for this species and reported in the Taxonomic Narrative. Other Scientific Names (Genus, 3pecies, subspecies): Other Common Names: D. Peferences for Taxonomy [e nter the reference codes for all references Used in compiling the entries in this section, separate each reference code with a comma]: 5 STATUS A. Status Narrative Develop a parrative profile describing the current legal and use status of this species in the Commonwealth of Penny3lvania. If the species is recognized 83 endangered, threatened, or a species Of special concern, Indicate the reasons for the special status and factors that may be threatening to populations of the species. For federally listed species, include the date of 113ting, whether or not a federal recovery plan exists, and where designated critical habitats have been identified in Pennsylvania. Also, indicate all- federal and state agencies that have executive, legislative, or other designated responsibilities for this species and describe the nature of this responsibility following the agency name. Provide appropriate reference codes including page number(s) for all information, and record the-complete citation in the REFERENCE section at the back of this workbook. Note: In developing this narrative it may be helpful to be aware of the status categories that are included in the checklist that follows. B Reference for Status (enter,the' refereride* dode-s for All references used in compiling the entries in this section, separate each reference code with a comma)* C. Status Checklist Check all the status categories that apply to the species. Code Status Definition F-E Federal Endangered Species is officially classified by the Federal Government as being in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range. (Consult the Federal Register listing in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual.) F-T Federal Threatened Species is officially classified by the Federal Government as being likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant part of its range. (Consult the Federal Register listing in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual.) F-P Federal Proposed Species is officially identified by the Federal Government as being likely to become endangered or threatened and has been proposed for listing. (Consult the Federal Register listings in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual.) F-C Federal Candidate Species is offically identified by the Federal Government as under review or consideration for listin as an endangered or threatened species. (Consult the Federal Register listings in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual.) S-t State Endangered Species is officially classified ly the responsible State Govern- ment agency (Game.Commission or Fish Commission) as endangered. S-T State Threatened Species is officially classified by the responsible State Govern- ment agency (Game Commission or. Fish Commission) as threatened. 7 Code Status Definition S-SC State Special Concern Species is officially classified by the Species responsible State Government agency (G.-me Commission or Fish Commission) as a species of special concern. S-Su State Status Species is officially recognized by the Undetermined responsible State Government agency (Game Commission or Fish Commission) as status undetermined or status indeterminate. S_X State Extirpated Species is officially classified by the responsible State Government agency (Game Commission or Fish Commission) as extir- pated. These generally include species that have disappeared from Pennsylvania, but still exist elsewhere. For birA- includes species that do not presently nest in Pennsylvania, but did at one time. - MIGRATORY Federal Migratory Species is officially recognized by the Federal Government as a migratory bird in 50 CFR. (Consult the Species Workbook Su - plemental Manual for a complete listing.3 - COMMERCIAL Commercial Species is commercially harvested for fur or flesh value. - CONSUMP-REC Consumptive Rec- Species is harvested recreationally for fur, reational flesh, or trophy value and its defined as such by State or Federal Law; may be of- ficially classified as "protected", 11 non- game", or "wild" animal. - NON-CONSUMP-REC Non-consumptive Species is not defined by State or Federal Recreational law as a species to be harvested recrea- tionally; may be officially classified as protected", "nongame", or "wild" animal. - INDICATOR Biological Indicator. Species whose occurrence indicates environ- mental quality (e.g., presence indicates low levels of dissolved oxygen). - SENSITIVE Sensitive Species especially susceptible to environ- mental perturbation (e.g., raptor breeding success has been closely tied to pesticide application and exposure). UNCLASSIFIED Unclassified Species has no recognized status in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or its status does not correspond to any of the above categories. 8 SPECIES DISTFIBUTION The following sections have been designed to record the species distribution in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. First, the species distribution should be described in "narrative" form. Each item of information presented in this narrative should be referenced in the Narrative Peference section. After the narrative is completed, this information can then be used to fill out the remaining distribution sections [County distribution, distribution by watershed (OWDC Hydrologic Units), 1:24,000 scale USGS maps, latitude/longitude point locations, etc.]. Consider and use the following DEFINITIONS in completing the distribution section of this workbook: Occurrence - a species occurs in an area if it breeds, winters, or significantly uses habitat in that area. A species would occur in an area if the animal occurs there sometime during the year and the presence of that area served some vital or essential role in the animal's life cycle (even though habitat utilization may not be considered great). When defining the species occurrence, remember that you are specifying those areas in which the species will be considered in environmental studies, research project planning, management planning, etc. The following values'will be used in recording species occurrence geographically in the Commonwealth: known to occur, known not to occur, occurrence is unknown. Use the following guideline and definitions to interpret reports and other data sources for recording species distribution and occurrence: Known to occur: a species has "known" occurrence in an area if there exists recorded sightings, specimen data, and documentation/evidence that suggest occurrence (e.g., sightings in an area of previously documented ocurrence), or documentation/evidence judged by professional, expert opinion to be valid. Fange maps might, but do not necessarily, qualify or meet these criteria. Occurrence Must qualify as defined above. Known not to occur: a species is "known not to occurn in an area, i.e., area is outside the range of the species distribution. This value only applies for County Distribution. Unknown: a species occurrence in the area is unknown, i.e., unable to determine from the available information base or from expert opinion whether species occurrence is "known" in an area or whether the species is "known not to occur" in an area. 9 A. Distribution Narrative The Distribution Narrative section is .provided for compiling a complete profile of the species distribution within Pennyslvania. The schematic below-13 provided for mapping the species distribution. This narrative will provide the core or base for data recorded in subsequent distribution sections and the database. Individuals accessing the database should find in this narrative a complete and concise description of known locations of the species and/or populations of the species, and be able to discern breeding locations, wintering locations, and areas of migratory occurrences, In the first paragraph, provide a brief description of the species current and historic distribution in the Commonwealth. (This paragraph should be brief and concise, not exceeding 3-4 sentences. or 10 lines of text.) In the next paragraphs, highlight areas of year-round occurrence, seasonal occurrence, and migratory occurrence. If the species is migratory only in Pennsylvania, indicate the general migratory movement pattern (e.g. by major water drainage or mountain chain) and general d ates of movement. When describing the species distribution in these paragraphs, first indicate the general area of occurrences (region, county, watershed, national forest, game lands, state park/forest, etc.), then record information (if feasible) on site locations using reference points such as cities, road s/m ilePO3tS, topographic features /elevations, rivers/streaM3/re3ervoirs, quads, latitude/longitude, LJTM coordinates, etC. Be sure that 'possible occurrence (speculation and professional opin ion) is noted as such, and that the occurrence type or mode is indicated (i.e., breeds in the following locations: 0 . .; winters in the following locations: . . . , etc.). Information related to relative abundance might also be included when available. If precise distribution is considered too sensitive or secure to present in this workbook and the database give the name, title, affiliation, address, and business telephone number of the person(3) maintaining this information. Make certain that the individual(s) is consulted prior to providing the information, Be certain to follow each item of distribution information with the reference code indicating the source of, information, e.g., "known to occur in southeastern Pennsylvania in the counties of Chester, Delaware, and Berks ((13:21, q5:14-16, 11:14U." Note that persons providing expert opinion/interpretat ion are considered a reference and should be assigned a reference code and cited in the REFERENCE section at the back of this workbook. 10 Map the species distribution below and narratively describe the distribution as instructed above in the space provided below and on the following pages. sawme, Wells "too," CLSOOSO CL984FICL son'" L .*asset Ctsvog COLON" \____I MOON &*elves" 10"We ressen TLR oqq"@ caseli" OL &.0 own &Q0 .40PION so a Sloss *"tat a ass"N 0.14001" ocafimogtam %AOCASTI GIKC" Sevilla $"total avlooe"* FeLves OG&W&L to lose save FOR BIRDS ONLY Area location E3 Breeding locations Point location Wintering locations Migration corridors 22 B. Peferences for Distribution (enter the reference codes for all references used in compiling the entries in this section, separate each reference code with a comma): 13 C. Statewide Pesident Status Check the one category that best describes the species' resident status in the Commonwealth. Code Status Definition FES-B Breeding Resident Species primarily present during the Only breeding season only. FES-W Winter Resident Species only present during most or all Only of the winter months. RES-YR Year-round Species breeds in Pen nsylvania and is Resident present year-round. MIGPANT Migratory Species Species does not occur in Pennsylvania year-round or for an extended time period as described above, (i.e. is not a breeding or winter resident). Pensylvania is used only as a migration corridor. UNKNOWN Unknown Species for which 30 few records exist in Pennsylvania that it cannot be classified into a different resident status cateogory. D. Distribution-by_County Complete the table that follows indicating species occurrence at the county level, seasonal occurrence within the counties in which the species "occurs". and species relative abundance within counties in which the, species "occurs". Your entries in this table must correspond with information presented in the Distribution Narrative (Section A). Use the following codes and definitions in completing the table. 14 1. Occurrence codes and definitions are those defined earlier in the definitions. Occurrence Codes 0 - Known to occur N - Known not to occur X - Occurrence is unknown 2. Seasonal occurrence codes should be entered for counties in which the species is "known to occur". If the species does not occur in a county, or its occurence in a county is unknown, do not make an entry in that county blank for seasonal occurrence. Seasonal Occurrence Codes A Spring Migration only. B Spring Migration/Breeding Season C Spring Migration/Fall Migration D Spring Migration/Winter Season E Spring Migration/Breeding Season/Fall Migration F spring Migration/Breeding Season/Winter Season G Spring Migration/Fall Migration/Winter Season H Breeding Season only I Breeding Season/Fall Migration J Breeding Season/Winter Season K Breeding Season/Fall Migration/Winter Season L - Fall Migration only M - Fall Migration/Winter Season N - Winter Season only 0 - Year-round Fesident X - Occurrence in the county by season is unknown Abundance codes should be entered for counties in which the species is "known to occur". If the species does not occur in a county, or its occurrence in a county is unknown, do not make an entry in that county blank for relative 3pecies abundance. Abundance Codes A abundant (occurs regularly -or in large numbers in appropriate habitat or season or is frequently observed) C medium abundance (i.e., common - occurs in small numbers in appropriate habitat or season; observed occasionally in prime habitat) U.- low abundance (i.e., uncommon - occupies a small percentage of suitable habitat; occupies a very specific limited habitat; very few individuals observed in prime habitat) X abundance in county'is unknown 15 County -Seasonal .FIPS Occurrence Occurrence Abundance County Name Code Code Code Code ALL COUNTIES ALL Adams 001. Allegheny 003 Armstrong 005 Beaver 007 Bedford 009 Berk3 Oil Blair 013 Bradford 015 Bucks 017 Butler 019 Cambria 021 Cameron 023 Carbon 025 Centre 027 Chester 029 Clarion 031 Clearfield 033 Clinton 035 Columbia 037 Crawford 039 Cumberland 041 Dauphin 043 Delaware 045 Elk 047 Erie 049 Fayette 051 Forest 053 Franklin 055 Fulton 057 Greene 059 Huntingdon 061 Indiana 063 Jefferson 065 Juniata 067 Occurrence Codes Seasonal Occurrence Codes Abundance Codes 0 - Known to occur A - Spring Migration only A - Abundant N - Known not to occur B - spring Migration/Breeding Beeson C - Medium abundance X - Occurrence is unknown C - spring Migration/Fall Migration U - Lov abundance D - Spring Migration/Winter Season I - Abundance is unknown t - Spring Migration/Breeding 5083*n/Fbll Migration F - Spring Migration/Breeding Season/Winter Season 0 - Spring Migration/Fall Nigration/Vinter 3*03on 9 - Breeding Season only I - Breeding Season/Fell Migration J - Breeding Season/Winter Season I - Breeding Season/Fall Migration/Winttr Season L - Fall Migration only K - Fall Migration/Winter Season I - Winter Season only 0 - Year-round Pesident I - Occurrence In the county 16 by *@&son Is unknown -_County@ Seasonal FIPS Occurrence Occurrence Abundance County Name Code Code Code Code Lackawanna 069 Lancaster 071 Lawrence 073 Lebanon 075 Lehigh 077 Luzerne 079 Lycoming 081 McKean 083 Mercer 085 Mifflin 087 Monroe 089 Montgomery 091 Montour 093 Northampton 095 Northumberland 097 Perry 099 Philadelphia 101 Pike 103 Potter 105 Schuylkill 107 Snyder 109 Somerset ill Sullivan 113 Susquehanna 115 Tioga, 117 Union 119 Venango 121 Warren 123 Washington 125 Wayne 127 Westmoreland 129 Wyoming 131 York 133 Occurrence Codes Seasonal Occurrence Codes Abundance Codes Known to' occur A - Spring Migration only A - Abundant. N - Known not to occur 8 - Spring Migration/Breeding Season C - Medium abundance X - Occurrence, is unknown C - Spring Migration/Fall Migration U - Low abundance D - Spring Migration/Winter Season I - Abundance is unkno?.m E - Spring Migration/Breeding 5083on/Fall Migration F - Spring "igration/Breeding U03on/Winter Season G - spring Migration/Fall Higration/Vint*r season H - Breeding Season only I - Breeding Season/Fall Migration J - Breeding Season/Winter Season, K - Breeding Sle83on/Fall Migration/Winter Season L - Fall Migration only H - Fall Migration/Winter season N - Winter Season only 0 - Tear-round Resident I - Occurrence In the county by season is unknown 17 0 General Distribution E. Distribution by Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) Hydrologic Units in Pennsylvania NOTE: OWDC hydrologic units refer to watersheds In the state, no"'. auatic habitats only; therefore, complete this section for all species. For bird species, entries should correspond -with "resident" occurrence (breeding, wintering, year-round occurrences). Using the map provided below (or the large scale 1:500,000 USCS Hydrologic Unit Map of Pennsylvania) and the checklist on the next two page3, check all the OWDC hydrologic units (watersheds) in which the species "occurs". If the species is found statewide and in all watersheds, check "all" at the top of the list. Your entries should correspond with county level occurrence information(Section D) and the Distribution Narrative (Section A). 18 .E@ Istribution by OWDC,Hydrologic Units (continued) Species occurs in all OWDC hydrologic units to cataloging unit level as displayed on the USGS Hydrologic Unit Map. Species does not occur statewide (i.e., in all OWDC hydrologic units), but occurs in the following units: Code Definition 02040101, Upper Delaware: Upper Delaware 02040103 Upper Delaware: Lackawaxen 02040104 Upper Delaware: Middle Delaware - Mongaup - Brodhead 02040105 Upper Delaware: Middle Delaware - Musconetcong 0204,0106 Upper Delaware: Lehigh 02040201 Lower Delaware: Cr03SWicks - Neshaminy 02040202 Lower Delaware: Lower Delaware 02040203 Lower Delaware: Schuylkill 02040205 Lower Delaware: Brandywine - Christina 02050101 Upper Susquehanna: Upper Susquehanna 02050103 Upper Susquehanna: Owego - Wappasening 02050104 Upper Susquehanna: Tioga 02050105 Upper Susquehanna: Chemung 02050106 Upper Susquehanna: Upper Susquehanna - Tunkhannock 02050107 Upper Susquehanna: Upper Susquehanna - Lackawanna 02050201 West Branch Susquehanna: Upper West Branch Susquehanna 02050202 West Branch Susquehanna: Sinnemahoning 02050203 West Branch Susquehanna: Middle West Branch Susquehanna 02050204 West Branch Susquehanna: Bald Eagle 02050205 West Branch Susquehanna: Pine 02050206 West Branch Susquehanna: Lower West Branch Susquehanna 02050301 Lower Susquehanna: Lower Susquehanna - Penns 02050302 Lower Susquehanna: Upper Juniata 02050303 Lower Susquehanna: Raystown 02050304 Lower Susquehanna: Lower Juniata 02050305 Lower SU3quehanna: Lower Susquehanna - Swatara 02050306 Lower Susquehanna: Lower Susquehanna 02060002 Up per Chesapeake: Chester - Sassafras 02060003 Upper Chesapeake: Gunpowder - Patapsco 02070002 Potomac: North Branch Potomac 02070003 Potomac: Cacapon - Town 02070004 Potomac: Conococheague - Opequon 02070009 Potomac: Monocacy 04110003 Southern Lake Erie: Ashtabula 04120101 Eastern Lake Erie: Chautauqua Conneaut 04120200 Lake Erie: Lake Erie 19 E. Distribution-by OWDC Hydrologic Units (continued) Code- Definition 04130002 Southwestern Lake Ontario: Upper Genesee 05010001 Allegheny: Upper Allegheny .05010002 Allegheny: Conewango 05010003 Allegheny: Middle Allegheny 05010004 Allegheny: French 05010005 Allegheny: Clarion 05010006 Allegheny: Middle Allegheny - Redbank 05010007 Allegheny: Conemaugh 05010008 Allegheny: Kiskiminetas 05010009 Allegheny: Lower Allegheny 05020003 Monongahela: Upper Monongahela 05020004 Monon&ahela: Cheat 05020005 Monongahela: Lower Monongahela 05020006 Monongahela: Youghiogheny 05010101 Upper Ohio: Upper Ohio 050,30102 Upper Ohio: Shenango 05030103 Upper Ohio: Mahoning 05030104 Upper Ohio: Beaver 05030105 Upper Ohio: Connoquenessing 05030106 Upper Ohio: Upper Ohio Wheeling 20 F. Distribution by Ecoregions and Land Surface Forms in Pennsylvania NOTE: Complete this section for all species. Ecoregions are designed to stratify ecologically similar areas based on vegetation, soils, climate, and other factors. They are named after a vegetation type characteristic of the area and secondarily by landform. Although an animal species may not specifically associate with the particular vegetation type and/or landform used to name a region (e.g. Appalachian Oak Forest, High, Hills), if it "occurs" in that map unit, it should be marked as occurring in that ecoregion. Using the ecoregion map provided below and the checklist on the next page, check all ecoregion in which the species "occurs". For descriptions and definitions consult the explanatory note's in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual. Bird species entries should correspond with "resident" occurrence (i.e., breeding, wintering, year-round occurrences). All entries should correspond with county level occurrence information (Section D), and the Distribution Narrative (Section A). F. Distribution by Ecoregions and'Land Surfade Forms in Pennsylvania (cont.) Species occurs in all Ecoregion3 and Land Surface Forms in Pennsylvania as displayed on the preceding map. Species does not occur statewide (i.e., in all Ecoregions and Land Surface Forms in Pennsylvania), but occurs in the following units: Code Definition 2113B2b Northern Hardwoods Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 100-300 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is in lowland 2113B3c Northern Hardwoods Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2113C4c Northern Hardwoods Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation. 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2113C4d Northern Hardwoods Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, more than 75% of gentle slope is on upland 2113C5a Northern Hardwoods Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, more than 75% of gentle slope is in lowland 2113C5c Northern Hardwoods Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2113D50 Northern Hardwoods Forest, less than 20% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation 221IC4c Mixed Me30phytic Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of.gentle slope is on upland 2211C5c Mixed Me3ophytic Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2211D40 Mixed Me3ophytic Forest, less than 20% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation. 2212B2b Beech-Maple Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 100-300 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is in lowland 2212B3c Beech-Maple Forest, 50-80% gently- sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2214A10 Appalachian Oak Forest, more than 80% gently sloping, 0-100 ft. elevation 2214A2b Appalachian Oak Forest, more than 80% gently sloping, 100-300 ft. elevation, 50-75% of ge ntle slope is in lowland 2214B2c Appalachian Oak Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 100-300 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2214B3b -Appalachian Oak Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on lowland 2214B3c Appalachian Oak Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2214B4a Appalachian Oak Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, less than 75% of gentle slope is in lowland 2214C4c Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 22 F. Distribution by Ecoregions and Land Surface Forms in Pennsylvania (cont.) Code Definition 2214C4d Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, more than 75% of gentle slope is.on upland 2214C5a Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, less than 75% of gentle slope is in lowland 2214C5c Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland .2214D40 Appalachian Oak forest, less than 20% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation 2214DSO Appalachian Oak Forest, less than 20% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation 2320B3c Southern Mixed Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 23 G. Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation Types in Pennsylvania NOTE: Complete this section for all species. Potential natural vegetation types are vegetation types that would exist today if man were removed and plant succession after his removal were telescoped Into a single moment; however, the effects of man's earlier activities are permitted to stand. As such the potential natural vegetation type portrays the biological potential of a site. Using the map provided below and the checklist on the next page (or a large scale USGS map of potential natural vegetation types), identify all the potential natural vegetation types in which the species "occurs". Bird species entries should correspond with resident occurrence (i.e., breeding, wintering year-round occurrences). Keep in mind that if the species "occurs" in the map unit, it should be marked as occurring in the potential natural vegetation type. All entries should correspond with county level occurrence information (Section D) and the Distribution Narrative (Section A). Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation Types in Pennsylvania (cont.) Species occurs in all Potential Natural Vegetation types in Pennsylv ania as displayed on the preceding page. Species does not occur statewide (i.e., in all. Potential Natural Vegetation types in Pennsylvania). but occurs in the following types: Code Definition 093 Beech-Maple Forest 094 Mixed Me3ophytic Forest 095 Appalachian Oak Forest 097 Northern Hardwoods 101 Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest 25 Site-Specific Distribution H. Distribution by 7 1/2' Quadrangles NOTE: Complete this section-for all species. Using the U.S. Geological Survey Index to Topographic Map Coverage in Pennsylvania provided in the Species,Workbook Supplemental Manual, identify the seven (7) digit USGS 7 1/2' quadrangle code(s) and names that define the species occurrence within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The format for quadrangle codes is as follows: ZA@T_ EP-OVER (N) (W) The first two digits indicate the reference point latitude in degrees; the third, fourth, and fifth digits indicate the reference point longitude (values are right-justified - all longitudes in PA. would begin with 0, e.g., 80 would be 080); the sixth digit is the vertical one-degree row number counting up from the reference point; and the seventh digit is the horizontal one-degree cell counting over from the vertical row number. This is diagrammatically described in the appendix to the USGS 7 1/2' (1:24,000) series Quadrangle Map in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual. All entries should correspond with occurrence information provided in the Distribution Narrative (Section A). Species occurs in all 7 1/2' quadrangles in Pennsylvania. Species does not occur statewide, but occurs in the following quadrangle: QuACN6. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 3907567 Newark West 3907661 Rising Sun 3907568 Bay View 3907662 Conowingo Dam 3907572 Woodbury 3907663 Delta 3907573 Bridgeport 3907664 Fawn Grove 3907574 Marcus Hook 3907665 Norrisville 3907575 Wilmington North 3907666 New Freedom 3907576 Kennett Square 3907667 Lineboro 3907577 West Grove 3907668 Manchester 3907578 Oxford 3907671 Kirkwood 3907581 Camden 3907672 Wakefield 3907582 Philadelphia 3907673 Holtwood 3907583 Lansdowne 3907674 Airville 3907584 Media 3907675 Stewartstown 3907585 West Chester 3907676 Glen Rock 3907586 Unionville 3907677 Seven Valleys 3907587 Coatesville 3907678 Hanover 3907588 Parkesburg 3907681 Gap 3907682 Quarryville 3907683 Conestoga 26 Quad No. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 3907684 Safe Harbor 3907961 Avilton 3907685 Red Lion 3907962 Grantsville 3907686 York 3907963 Accident 3907687 West York 3907964 Friendsville (MD) 3907688 Abbottstown 3907965 Brandonville 3907966 Bruceton Mills 3907761 Littlestown 3907967 Lake Lynn 3907762 Taneytown 3907968 Morgantown North 3907763 Emmitsburg 3907971 Meyersdale 3907764 Blue Ridge Sunmit 3907972 Markleton 3907765 Smithsburg 3907973 Confluence 3907766 Hagerstown 3907974 Ohiopyle 3907767 Mason Dixon 3907975 Ft Necessity 3907768 Clear Spring 3907976 Brownfield 3907771 McSherrystown 3907977 Smithfield 3907772 Gettysburg 3907978 Masontown 3907773 Fairfield 3907981 Murdock Iron Springs 3907982 Rockwood 3907775 Waynesboro 3907983 Kingwood 3907776 Greencastle 3907984 Mill Run 3907777 Williamson 3907985 South Connellsville 3907778 Mercersburg 3907986 Uniontown 3907781 Hampton 3907987 New Salem 3907782 Biglerville 3907988 Carmichaels 3907783 Arendtsville 3907784 Caledonia Park 3908061 Osage 3907785 Scotland 3908062 Blacksville 3907786 Chambersburg 3908063 Wadestown 3907787 St. Thomas 3908064 Hundred 3907788 McConnellsburg 3908065 Littleton 3908071 Garards Fort 3907861- Cherry Run 3908072 Oak Forest 3907862 Hancock (W. VA.) 3908073 Holbrook 3907863 Bellegrove 3908074 New Freeport 3907864 Artemas 3908075 Cameron (W. VA.) 3907865 Flintstone 3908081 Mather 3907866 Evitts Creek 3908082 Waynesburg 3907867 Cumberland 3908083 Rogersville 3907868 Frostburg 3908084 Wind Ridge 3907871 Big Cove Tannery 3908085 Majorsville 3907872 Needmore 3907873 Amaranth 4007417 Bristol 3907874 Chaneysville 4007418 Beverly 3907875 Beans Cove 4007426 Trenton East 3907876 Hyndman 4007427 Trenton West 3907877 Fairhope 4007428 Langhorne 3907878 Wittenberg 4007437 Pennington 3907881 Meadow Grounds 4007438 Lambertville Breezewood 4007448 Stockton 3907883 Mench 3907884 Clearville 4007511 Frankford 3907885 Rainsburg 4007512 Germantown 3907886 Buffalo Mills 4007513 Norristown 3907887 New Baltimore 4007514 Valley Forge 3907888 Berlin 26-A Quad No. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 4007515 Malvern 4007585 Pohopoco Mtn 4007516 Downingtown 4007586 Christmans 4007517 Wagontown 4007587 Weatherly 4007518 Honey Brook 4007588 Hazleton 4007521 Hatboro 4007522 Ambler 4007611 New Holland 4007523 Lansdale 4007612 Leola 4007524 Collegeville 4007613 Lancaster 4007525 Phoenixville 4007614 Columbia East 4007526 Pottstown 4007615 Columbia West 4007527 Elverson, 4007616 York Haven 4007528 Morgantown 4007617 Dover 4007531 Buckingham 4007618 Wellsville 4007532 Doylestown. 4007621 Terre Hill 4007533 Telford 4007622 Ephrata 4007534 Perkiomenville 4007623 Lititz 4007535 Sassamansville 4007624 Manheim 4007536 Boyertown 4007625 Elizabethtown 4007537 Birdsboro 4007626 Middletown 4007538 Reading 4007627 Steelton 4007541 Lumberville 4007628 Lemoyne 4007542 Bedminster 4007631 Sinking Spring 4007543 Quakertown 4007632 Womelsdorf 4007544 Milford Square 4007633 Richland 4007545 East Greenville 4007634 Lebanon 4007546 Manatawny 4007635 Palmyra 4007547 Fleetwood 4007636 Hershey 4007548 Temple 4007637 Harrisburg East 4007551 Frenchtown 4007638 Harrisburg West 4007552 Riegelsville 4007641 Bernville 4007553 Hellertown 4007642 Strausstowr. 4007554 Allentown East 4007643 Bethel 4007555 Allentown West 4007644 Fredericksburg 4007556 Topton 4007645 Indiantown Gap 4007557 Kutztown 4007646 Grantville 4007558 Hamburg 4007647 Enders 4007562 Easton 4007648 Halifax 4007563 Nazareth 4007651 Auburn 4007564 Catasauqua 4007652 Friedensburg 4007565 Cementon 4007653 Swatara Hill 4007566 Slatedale 4007654 Pine Grove 4007567 New Tripoli 4007655 Tower City 4007568 New Ringgold 4007656 Lykens. 4007571 Belvidere 4007657 Elizabethville 4007572 Bangor 4007658 Millersburg 4007573 Wind Gap 4007661 Orwigsburg 4007574 Kunkletown 4007662 Pottsville 4007575 Palmerton 4007663 Minersville 4007576 Lehighton 4007664 Tremont 4007577 Nesquehoning 4007665 Valley View 4007578 Tamaqua 4007666 Klingerstown 4007581 Portland 4007667 Pillow 4007582 Stroudsburg 4007668 Dalmatia 4007583 Saylorsburg 40076711 Delano 4007584 Brodheadsville 4007672 Shenandoah 26-B Quad No. Quad Narne -Quad No. Quad Name 4007673 Ashland 4007758 Donation 4007674 Mt Carmel 4007761 Richfield 4007675 Shamokin 4007762 Beaver Springs 4007676 Trevorton 4007763 McClure 4007677 Sunbury 4007764 Alfarata 4007678 Freeburg 4007765 Burnham 4007681 Conyngham 4007766 Barrville 4007682 Nuremberg 4007767 McAlevys Fort 4007683 Shumans 4007768 Pine Grove Mills 4007684 Catawissa 4007771 Middleburg 4007685 Danville 4007772 Beavertown 4007686 Riverside 4007713 Weikert 4007687 Northumberland 4007774 Coburn 4007688 Lewisburg 4007775 Spring Mills 4007776 Centre Hall 4007711 Dillsburg 4007777' State College 4007712 Mount Holly Springs 4007778 Julian 4007713 Dickinson 4007781 Mifflinburg 4007714 Walnut Bottom 4007782 Hartleton 4007715 Shippensburg 4007783 Woodward 4007716 Roxbury 4007784 Millheim. 4007717 Fannettsburg 4007785 Madisonburg 4007718 Burnt Cabins 4007786 Mingoville 4007721 Mechanicsburg 4007787 Bellefonte 4007722 Carlisle 4007788 Bear Knob 4007723 Plainfield 4007724 Newville 4007811 Hustontown 4007725 Newburg 4007812 Wells Tannery 4007726 Doylesburg 4007813 Everett East 4007727 Shade Gap 4007814 Everett West 4007728 Orbisonia 4007815 Bedford 4007731 Wertzville 4007816 Schellsburg 4007732 Shermansdale, 4007817 Central City 4007733 Landisburg 4007818 Stoystown 4007734 Andersonburg 4007821 Saltillo 4007735 Blain 4007822 Saxton 4007736 Blairs Mills 4007823 Hopewell 4007737 Aughwick 4007824 New Enterprise 4007738 Butler Knob 4007825 Alum Bank 4007741 Duncannon 4007826 Ogletcwn 4007742 Newport 4007827 Windbur 4007743 Ickesburg 4007828 Hooversville 4007744 Spruce Hill 4007831 Cassville 4007745 McCoysville 4007832 Entriken 4007746 McVeytown 4007833 Martinsburg 4007747 Newton Hamilton 4007834 Roaring Spring 4007748 Mount Union 4007835 Blue Knob 4007751 Reward 4007836 Beaverdale 4007752 Millerstown 4007837 Geistown, 4007753 Mexico 4007838 Johnstowrx 4007754 Mifflintown 4007841 Huntingdon 4007755 Lewistown 4007842 Williamsburg 4007756 Belleville 4007843 Frankstown 4007757 Allensville 4007844 Hollidaysburg 26-C Quad No. Quad Name Quad No, Quad Name 4007845 Cresson 4007932 Wilpen 4007846 Ebensburg 4007933 Derry 4007847 Nanty Glo 4007934 Latrobe 4007848 Vintondale 4007935 Greensburg 4007851 Alexandria 4007936 Irwin 4007852 Spruce Creek 4007937 McKeesport 4007853 Bellwood 4007938 Glassport 4007854 Altoona 4007941 New Florence 4007855 Ashville 4007942 Bolivar 4007856 Carrolltown 4007943 Blairsville 4007857 Colver 4007944 Saltsburg 4007858 Strongstown 4007945 Slickville 4007861 Franklinville 4007946 Murrysville 4007862 Tyrone 4007947 Braddock 4007863 Tipton 4007948 Pittsburgh East 4007864 Blandburg 4007951 Brush Valley 4007865 Coalport 4007952 Indiana 4007866 Hastings 4007953 McIntyre 4007867 Barnesboro 4007954 Avonmore 4007868 Commodore 4007955 Vandergrift 4007871 Port Matilda 4007956 New Kensington East 4007872 Sandy Ridge 4007957 New Kensington West 4007873 Houtzdale 4007958 Glenshaw 4007874 Ramey 4007961 Clymer 4007875 irvona 4007962 Ernest 4CO7876 Westover 4007963 Elderton 4007877 Burnside 4007964 Whitesburg 4007878 Rochester Mills 4007965 Leechburg 4007881 Black Moshannon 4007966 Freeport 4007882 Philipsburg 4007967 Curtisville 4007883 Wallaceton .4007968 Valencia 4007884 Glen Richey 4007971 Marion Center 4007885 Curwensville 4007972 Plumville 4007886 Mahaffey 4007973 Rural Valley 4007887 McGees Mills 4007974 Mosgrove 4007888 'Punxsutawney 4007975 Kittanning 4007976 Worthington 4007911 Somerset 4007977 Saxonburg 4007912 Bakersville 4007978 Butler 4007913 Seven Springs 4007981 Valier 4007914 Donegal 4007982 Dayton 4007915 Connellsville 4007983 Distant 4007916 Dawson 4007984 Templeton 4007917 Fayette City 4007985 East Brady 4007918 California 4007986 Chicora 4007921 Boswell 4007987 East Butler 4007922 Ligonier 4007988 Mt Chestnut 4007923 Stahlstown 4007924 Mammoth 4007925 Mt Pleasant 4007926 Smithton 4007927 Donora, 4007928 Monongahela 4007931 Rachelwood 26-D Quad No. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 4008011 Ellsworth 4107514 Pocono Pines 4008012 Amity 4107515 Blakeslee 4008013 Prosperity 4107516 Hickory Run 4008014 Claysville 4107517 White Haven 4008015 Valley Grove 4107518 Freeland 4008021 Hackett 4107521 Twelve Mile Pond 4008022 Washington East 4107522 Skytop 4008023 Washington West 4107523 Buck Hill Falls 4008024 West Middletown 4107524 Tobyhanna 4008025 Bethany 4107525 Thornhurst 4008031 Bridgeville 4107526 Pleasant View Summit 4008032 Cannonsburg 4107527 Wilkes-Barre East 4008033 Midway 4107528 Wilkes-Barre West 4008034 Avella 4107531 Pecks Pond 4008035 Steubenville East 4107532 Promised Land 4008041 Pittsburgh West 4107533 Newfoundland 4008042 Oakdale 4107534 Sterling 4008043 Clinton 4107535 Moscow 4008044 Burgettstown 4107536 Avoca 4008045 Weirton 4107537 Pittston 4008051 Emsworth 4107538 Kingston 4008052 Ambridge 4107541 Rowland 4008053 Aliquippa 4107542 Hawley 4008054 Hookstown 4107543 Lakeville 4008055 East Liverpool South 4107544 Lake Ariel 4008061 Mars 4107 545 Olyphant 4008062 Baden 4107546 Scranton 4008063 Beaver 4107547 Ransom 4008064 Midland 4107548 Center Moreland 40 08065 East Liverpool North 4107551 Narrowsburg 4008071 Evans City 4107552 White Mills 4008072 Zelienople 4107553 Honesdale 4008073 Beaver Falls 4107554 Waymart 4008074 New Galilee 4107555 Carbondale 4008075 East Palestine 4107556 Dalton 4008081 Prospect 4107557 Factoryville 4008082 Portersville 4107558 Tunkhannock 4008083 New Castle South 4107561 Damascus 4008084 Bessemer 4107562 Galilee 4008085 New Middletown 4107563 Aldenville 4107564 Forest City 4107418 Flatbrookville 4107565 Clifford 4107427 Culvers Gap 4107566 Lenoxville 4107428 Lake Maskenozha 4107567 Hop Bottom 4107436 Port Jervis South 4107568 Springville 4107437 Milford 4107571 Callicoon 4107438 Edgemere 4107572 Long Eddy 4107446 Port Jervis North 4107573 Lake Como 4107447 Pond Eddy 4107574 Orson 4107448 Shohola 4107575 Thompson 4107458 Eldred 4107576 Harford 4107577 Montrose East 4107511 Bushkill 41`7578 Montrose West 4107512 East Stroudsburg 410583 Hancock 4107513 Mount Pocono 4107584 Starrucca 26-E Quad No. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 4107585 Susquehanna 4107672 Le Raysville 4107586 Great Bend 4107673 Rome 4107587 Franklin Forks 4107674 Towanda 4107588 Laurel Lake 4107675 Ulster 4107611 Sybertsville 4107676 East Troy 4107677 Troy 4107612 Berwick 4107678 Roseville 4107613 Mifflinville 4107681 Friendsville 4107614 Bloomsburg 4107682 Little Meadows 4107615 Xillville 4107683 Windham 4107616 Washingtonville 4107684 Litchfield 4107617 Milton 4107685 Sayre 4107618 Allenwood 4107686 Bentley Creek 4107621 Nanticoke 4107687 Gillett 4107622 Shickshinny 4107688 Millerton 4107.623 Stillwater 4107624 Benton 4107711 Williamsport SE 4107625 Lairdsville 4107712 Carroll 4107626 Hughesville 4107713 Loganton 4107627 Muncy 4107714 Mill Hall 4107628 Montoursville South 4107715 Beech Creek 4107631 Harveys Lake 4107716 Howard 4107632 Sweet Valley 4107717 Snow Shoe SE 4107633 Red Rock 4107718 Snow Shoe 4107634 Elk Grove 4107721 Williamsport 4107635 Sonestown 4107722 Linden 4107636 Picture Rocks 4107723 Jersey Shore 4107637 Huntersville 4107724 Lock Haven 4107638 Montoursville North 4107725 Farrandsville 4107641 Noxen 4107726 Howard NW 4107642 Dutch Mtn 4107727 Snow Shoe NE 4107643 Lopez 4107728 Snow Shoe NW 4107644 Laporte 4107731 Cogan Station 4107645 Eagles Mere 4107732 Salladasburg 4107646 Hillsgrove 4107733 Waterville 4107647 Barbours 4107734 Jersey Mills 4107648 Bodines 4107735 Glen Union 4107651 Meshoppen 41077.36 Renovo East 4107652 Jenningsville 4107737 Renovo West 4107653 Colley 4107738 Keating 4107654 Dushore 4107741 Trout Run 4107655 Overton 4107742 White Pine 4107656 Shunk 4107743 English Center '4107657 Grover 4107744 Ca al 4107658 Ralston 4107745 Slate Run 4107661 Auburn Center 4107746 Young Womans Creek 4107662 Laceyville 4107747 Tamarack 4107663 Wyalusing 4107748 Hammersley Fork 4107664 Monroeton 4107751 Liberty 4107665 Powell 4107752 Nauvoo 4107666 Leroy 4107753 Morris 4107667 Canton 4107754 Cedar Run 4107668 Gleason 4107755 Lee Fire Tower 4107671 Lawton 4107756 Oleona 26-F Quad No. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 4107757 Short Run 4107844 Rathbun 4107758 Conrad 4107845 St. Marys 4107761 Blossburg 4107846 Ridgway 4107762 Cherry Flats 4107847 Portland Mills 4107763 Antrim 4107848 Hallton 4107764 Tiadaghton 4107851 Wharton 4107765 Marshlands 4107852 Emporium 4107766 Galeton 4107853 Rich Valley 4107767 Cherry Springs 4107854 Wildwood Fire Tower 4107768 Ayers Hill 4107855 Glen Hazel 4107771 Mansfield 4107856 Uilc ox 4107772 Crooked Creek 4107857 James City 4107773 Keeneyville 4107858 Russel City 4107774 Asaph 4107861 Austin 4107775 Sabinsville 4107862 Keating SlImmit 4107776 West Pike 4107863 Norwich 4107777 Brookland 4107864 Crosby 4107778 Sweden Valley 4107865 Hazel Hurst 4107781 Jackson Summit 4107866 Mt Jewett 4107782 Tioga 4107867 Kane 4107783 Elkland 4107868 Ludlow 4107784 Knoxville 4107871 Coudersport 4107785 Potter Brook 4107872 Roulette 4107786 Harrison Valley 4107873 Port Allegany 4107787 Ulysses 4107874 Smethport 4107788 Ellisburg 4107875 Cyclone 4107876 Lewis Run 4107811 Karthaus 4107877 Westline 4107812 Frenchville 4107878 Cornplanter Bridge 4107813 Lecontes Mills 4107881 Oswayo 4107814 Clearfield 4107882 Sh nglehouse 4107815 Elliott Park 4107883 Bullis Mills 4107816 Luthersburg 4107884 Eldred 4107817 Du Bois 4107885 Derrick City 4107818 Reyrioldsville 4107886 Bradford 4107821 Pottersdale 4107887 Stickney 4107822 Devils Elbow 4107888 Cornplanter Run 4107823 The Knobs 4107824 Huntley 4107911 Coolspring 4107825 Penfield 4107912 Summerville 4107826 Sabula 4107913 New Bethlehem 4107827 Falls Creek 4107914 Sligo 4107828 Hazen 4107915 Rimersburg 4107831 Sinnemahoning 4107916 Parker 4107832 Driftwood 4107917 Hilliards 4107833 Dents Run 4107918 West Sunbury 4107834 Weedville 4107921 Brookville 4107835 Kersey 4107922 Corsica 4107836 Brandy Camp 4107923 Strattanville 4107837 Carman 4107924 Clarion 4107838 Munderf 4107925 Knox 4107841 First Fork 4107926 Emlenton 4107842 Cameron 4107927 Eau Claire 4107843 West Creek 4107928 Barkeyville 26-G Quad No. Quad Name. Quad No. Quad Name 4107931 Sigel 4108021 Grove City 4107932 Cooksburg 4108022 Mercer 4107933 Lucinda 4108023 Greenfield 4107934 Fryburg 4108024 Sharon East 4107935 Kossuth 410802.5 Sharon West .4107936 Cranberry 4108031 Sandy Lake 4107937 Kennerdell 4108032 Jackson Center 4107938 Polk 4108033 Fredonia 4107941 Marienville East 4108034 Sharpsville 4107942 Marienville West 4108035 Orangeville 4107943 Tylersburg 4108041 New Lebanon 4107944 Tionesta 4108042 Hadley 4107945 President 4108043 Greenville East 4107946 Oil City 4108044 Greenville West 4107947 Franklin 4108045 Kinsman 4107948 Utica 4108051 Cochranton 4107951 Lynch 4108052 Geneva 4107952 Mayburg 4108053 Conneaut Lake 4107953 Kellettville. 4108054 Hartstown 4107954 West Hickory 4108055 Andover 4107955 Pleasantville 4108061 Blooming Valley 4107956 Titusville South 4108062 Meadville 4,107957 Dempseytown, 4108063 Harmousburg 4107958 Sugar Lake 4108064 Linesville 4107961 Sheffield 4108065 Leon 4107962 Cherry Grove 4108071 Cambridge Springs 4107963 Cobham 4108072 Edinboro South 4107964 Tidioute 4108073 Conneautville 4107965 Grand Valley 4108074 Beaver Center 4107966 Titusville North 4108075 Pierpoint .4107967 Centerville 4108081 Cambridge Springs NE 4107968 Townville 4108082 Edinboro North 4107971 Clarendon 4108083 Albion 4107972 Warren 4108084 East Springfield 4107973 Youngsville 4108085 Conneaut 4107974 Pittsfield 4107975. Spring Creek 4207615 Waverly 4107976 Spartansburg 4207616 Wellsburg 4107977 Lake Canadohta 4207617 Elmira 4107978 Millers Station 4207618. Seeley Creek 4107981 Scandia 4107982 'Russell 4207711 Caton 4107983 Sugar Grove 4107984 Lottsville 4207811 Allentown 4107985 Columbus 4207812 'Bolivar 4107986 Corry 4107987 Union City 4207917 Wattsburg 4107988 Waterford 4207918 Hammett 4207927 North East 4108011 Slippery Rock 4207928 Harborcreek 4108012 Harlansburg 4108013 New Castle North 4208011 Erie South 4108014 Edinburg 4208012 Swanville 4108015 Campbell 4208013 Fairview 4208014 Fairview SW 4208021 Erie North 26-H Distribution by Latitude and Longitude NOTE: Complete this section for 1) special status species, including federal and/or state designations of endangered, threatened, species of special concern, status undetermined, and status indeterminate, and 2) species Wi-th a limited resident distribution in Pennsylvania Uae.p species occurring in less than 5$ of Pennsylvania counties). This section is divided into two data entry parts - in part one point locations should be entered and/or the second part enter a series of latitude/longitude points that enclose an area or polygon in which the species occurs. Latitude and longitude are to be-expre3sed in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Examples are: latitude 030291 '1911, longitude 096036115". Latitude and longitude should be entered in the following parts as a string separated by commas (e.g., 0320100963615,0320190953620, etc.). All entries in this section should correspond with occurrence information provided in the Distribution Narrative (Section A). 1. Point Locations - this should be Used for species of very limited distribution to designate occurrence (e.g. bald eagle nests, Indiana bat caves# etc.). Separate each latitude/longitude string (13 characters) with a comma. LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE 2. Polygon or Areal Locations - Use this part to describe a more widespread species, or a species of more general occurrence (but still falling into one of the above special status designations). Most appropriately describe the boundary using 8 series of latitudes and longitudes that encompass a number of point locations that are clustered should fully define the species areas Qf occurrence in regions of the State. POLYGON #1: POLYGON #2: 2T POLYGON 03: POLYGON #4: POLYGON 5: POLYGON #6 POLYGON #7: 28 HABITAT ASSMIATIONS A. Habitat Associations Narrative Develop a complete and concise narrative describing this spe:cies habitat associations and preferences. Specifically describe the species associations and preferences with urban lands, agricultural lands, rangelands (i.e. herbaceous fields), forests, wetlands, barren lands, etc. Before developing this narrative, it may be best to review and be aware of the types of information required to complete the checklists that follow in this section and the Environmental Associations' sections. The object is to identify and describe fully the habitats in which this species occurs and those habitats, which if disturbed, would adversely impact the species. Be sure to describe any minimum area requirements, significant seasonal variations in habitat use, variations in habitat requirements which occur in different life stages and geographic areas, requirements or preferences for habitat interspersion and juxtaposition, habitat condition, etc. Devote a section of this narrative to describing specific environmental parameters required by the species in certain habitats (e.g. temperature, pH, alkalinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, flow rateso velocity, salinity, soil Moisture, soil depth, elevation, etc.). Again, it would be most helpful to review the Environmental Associations section prior to compiling this information. Be certain to cite the appropriate reference codes (e.g. 03:435-45q, 06:14) for all information, and record the complete citations in the, REFERENCE section at the back of this workbook. 29 30 B. Peferences for Habitat Associations (enter the reference codes for all references used in compiling the entries in this 3ection, 3eparate each reference code with a comma): 31 C. General Habitat Associations In the following checklist, check all ap propriate categories that correspond to the species habitat associations (i.e., where the species normally occurs): Terrestrial habitats Aquatic habitats Riparian habitats: Terrestrial land bordering streams, lakes, reservoirs (i.e. water): ecotone between aquatic and upland habitats that is influenced by the water regime. 32 D. Land Use/Land Cover Associations@ In the following list, check all appropriate land use/land cover types with which the species is associated and those that are most important or preferred by the species. (Consult A LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR USE WITH REMOTE SENSOR DATA, U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 964, 1976, for use/cover descriptions, or the land U3e/cover explanatory notes in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual). Association with specific land use/land cover types are unknown Assoc. (A) Species is generally associated with land use/cover type Pref. (P) Species demonstrates a preference for the land use/cover type specified A- P Code Land U3e/Land Cover Type URBAN OR BUILT-UP LAND 11 Residential 12 Commercial and Services 13 Industrial 14 Transportation, Communications, and Utilities 15 Industrial and Commercial Complexes 16 Mixed Urban or Built-up Land AGRICULTURAL LAND_ 21 Cropland a@Td' -Pasture 22 Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries & Ornamental Horticulture 23- Confined Feeding Operations RANGELAND 31 Herbaceous Rangeland 32 Shrub and Brush Rangeland 33 Mixed Rangeland FOREST LAND 41 Deciduous Forest Land 42 Evergreen Forest Land 43 Mixed Forest Land WATER 51 Streams and Canals 52 Lakes 53 Reservoirs 54 Bays and Estuaries WETLAND 61 Forested Wetland 62 Nonfore3ted Wetland BARREN LAND 72 Beaches T3 Sandy Areas other than Beaches 74 Bare Exposed Rock 75 Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits 76 Transitional Areas TT Mixed Barren Land 33 E. Forest Habitat Associations In the table tha t follows, check all appropriate forest types/size classes with which the species is associated. Use the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual for forest cover type descriptions. If available species information fail3 to identify a specific size class association, check all size classes. Size class definitions are as follows: A. GraS3/Forb = understory is in grasses and forbs or other vegetation, no regeneration of tree species B. Seedling/Shrub = under3tory predominately trees less than 1" diameter C. Sapling = young stand of trees (trees 1" to 5" dbh) D. Pole = young stand of trees Etrees 5" - 9" dbh (sof twood3) or 11" dbh (hardwoods)] E. Mature x mature stand of trees [trees > 9" dbh (30ftwoods) or 11" dbh (hardwoods), but not "@Tld growth"] F. Old Growth = old growth stand of trees (trees which are rotting or dying due to old age) A33OCi8tiOn with specific forest types are unknown Species does not associate with forests M M M 0 U Lu Z 0 t-4 Z L0 W U FOREST GROUP & TYPE CODE White/Red/Jack Pine Group 10 Red Pine 02 White Pine 03 White Pine/Hemlock 04 Hemlock 05 Scotch Pine 06 Spruce/Fir Group 20 Red Spruce/Balsam Fir 13 Tamarack (eastern larch) 15 White Spruce 16 Norway Spruce 17 Larch 18 Loblolly and Shortleaf Pine Group 30 Virginia Pine 33 Eastern Redcedar 35 Pitch Pine 38 34 z z FOREST GROUP & TYPE CODE Oak/Pine Group 40 White Pine/Northern Red Oak/ White Ash 41 Eastern Redcedar/Hardwood 42 Virginia Pine/Southern Red Oak 45 Oak/Hickory Group 50 Post, Black, or Bear Oak 51 Chestnut Oak- . 52 White Oak/Red Oak/Hickory 53 White Oak - 54 Northern Red Oak 55,- Yellow Poplar/White Oak/Northern Red Oak 56 Black Locust 57 Black Walnut .83 Yellow Poplar 94 Central Hardwood Reverting Field 95 Scarlet Oak 96 Sassafras/Persimmon 97 Red Maple/Central Hardwoods 29 Mixed Central Hardwoods 59 Elm/Ash/Red Maple Group 70 Black Ash/American Elm/Red Maple 71 River Birch/Sycamore 72 Cottonwood 73 Willow 74 Maple/Beech/Birch Group 80 Sugar Maple/Beech/Yellov Birch 81 Black Cherry 82 Red Maple/Northern Hardwoods 84 Northern Hardwood Reverting Field 88 Mixed Northern Hardwoods 89 A3pen/Birch Group 90 Aspen 91 Paper Birch 92 Gray Birch 93 35 F. Timber Class Association Check the box(es) below that represent the timber inventory Size classes with which the species is associated. Species Association with specific timber size.classes is unknown or insufficient data to make a determination Species is not associated with timber/forest land All Forest Size Classes Unstocked (nonstocked areas) - timberland less than 10 percent occupied with growing-stock trees Seedling/Saplihg - stands at least 10 percent occupied with growing stock trees of which more than half of the stocking is in saplings (1.0 - 4.9 inches dbh) and/or seedlings (0.0 inch dbh) Pole (Poletimber stands) - stands at least 10 percent occupied with growing stock trees of which half or more of this stocking is in poletimber (5.0 - 9.0 inches dbh for softwoods; 5.0 - 11.0 inches dbh-for hardwoods) and/or sawtimber trees, and with poletimber stocking exceeding that of sawtimber Mature (Sawtimber stands) - stands at least 10 percent occupied with growing stock trees, with half or more of total stocking in sawtimber Q9.0 inches dbh for 3oftwoods; >11.0 inches dbh for hardwo@_ds) or poletimber trees, and-with 3awtimber stocking at last equal to poletimber stocking Over Mature - stands at least 10 percent occupied with growing stock trees, with half or more of total stocking in over mature (decadent) or sawtimber trees, and with over mature stocking at least equal to sawtimber stocking 36 G. Wetland Habitat Associations From the lists that follow, check all wetland habitat types with which the species is associated. Note that the system is hierarchical, indicate wetland associations to the subclass level in the checklists. Use the Wetland Classification Scheme information presented below and on the next two pages, and the booklet, CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS AND DEEPWATER HABITATS OF THE UNITED STATES, FWS/OBS-791/31, Washington, D.C., for habitat de3criptio ns. WETLAND CLASSIFICATION SCHEME Use of Wetland Legend: Species are related to wetlands by a series of letters and numbers (alpha numerics) with the first letter representing the system and 3ub3equent alpha numerics representing, in sequential order, the subordinate levels of detail to modifier level. Note: The lists that are provided in this section require specifying wetland associations to the subclass level only. Special modifiers, i.e. water regime, water chemistry, and other modifiers, should be identified and referenced in the Habitat Associations Narrative. Example Classification of wetlands to water regime and special modifier: System: Estuarine Subsystem: Intertidal Class: Emergent Subclass: Narrow-leaved persistent Water Regime: Regular Special Modifier: Partially drained/ditche d E 2 EM 5 N d System SYSTEMS AND SUBSYSTEMS Subsystem M Marine R Riverine 1 Subtidal I Tidal i Intertidal T Lower Perennial upper Perennial Intermittent E Estuarine 5 Unknown Perennial 1 Subtidal Intertidal L Lacustrine 1 Limnetic P Palustrine Littoral .0 No Subsystem 3T Clas's CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES Subclass AB Aquatic Bed FO Forested SS Streambed Submergent Algal 1 Broad-Leaved 1Cobble/Gravel Submergent Vascular Deciduous 2Sand 3 Submergent Moss 2 Needle-Leaved 1Mud Floating-Leaved Deciduous 4Organic Floating 3 Broad-Leaved Evergreen 4 Needle-Leaved SS Scrub/Shrub Evergreen 5 Dead 1Broad-Leaved BB Beach/Bar Deciduous Deciduous Evergreen 2Needle-Leaved 1 Cobble/Gravel Deciduous Sand 3Broad-Leaved 2W Open Water/ Evergreen Unknown Bottom 4 Needle-Leaved EM Emergent . Evergreen RB Rock Bottom 5Dead 6Decidous 1 Persistent 1 Bedrock Evergreen 2 Nonper31stent 2 Boulder 3 Narrow-Leaved Nonpersistent RS Rocky Shore 4 Broad-Leaved UB Unconsolidated Nonpersi3tent 1 Bedrock Bottom 5 Narrow-Leaved Boulder Persistent Vegetated 1Cobble/Gravel 6 Broad-Leaved Nonpioneer T Sand Persistent 3Mud Organic @FL Flat US Unconsolidated 1 Cobble/Gravel ahore Sand Mud 1Cobbie/Gravel Organic 2Sand Vegetated Pioneer 3Mud Vegetated 'IT Organic Nonpioneer 5 Vegetated 38 MODIFIERS TO WETLAND CLASSIFICATION WATER REGIME MODIFIERS Nontidal Nontidal and Tidal A Temporary U Unknown B Saturated K Artificial C Seasonal D Seasonal/Well-Drained Tidal E Seasonal/Saturated F Semipermanent L Subtidal G Intermittently Exposed M Irregularly Exposed H Permanent N Regular 'J Intermittently Flooded P Irregular R Seasonal Nontidal Combined S Temporary T Semipermanent Z Intermittently Exposed/ V Permanent Permanent (G,H above) W Intermittently Flooded/ Temporary (A,J above) Y Saturated Semipermanent/ All Sea3onal3 (B,C,D,E,F above) WATER CHEMISTRY MODIFIERS Coastal Halinity Inland Salinity 1 Hyperhaline 7 Hypersaline 2 Euhaline 8 Eusaline 3 Mixohaline (Brackish) 9 Mixo3aline 4 Polyhaline 0 Fresh 5 Mesohalineo 6 Oligohaline pH Freshwater 0 Fresh a Acid t Circumneutral I Alkaline, OTHER MODIFIERS Special SOil3 b Beaver g Organic d Partially Drained/Ditched n Mineral f Farmed h Diked/Impounded r Artificial 3 Spoil x Excavated 39 Association with specific wetland types are unknown Species is not associated with wetlands ESTUARINE HABITATS E.e. Elooo E2.. EMB. E2AB. E2RS ElAB1 E2A.B1 EiRS1 E1AB2 E2AB2 E2.RS2 E1AB4 E2RS3 E1AB5 E2BB. E2BB1 E2SB. E10WO E2BB2 E2SB1 EIOWO E2SB2 E2EM. E2SB3 E1RB. E2EM1 USB4 ElRB1 E2EM2 E1RB2 E2EM3 E2SS. E2EM4 E2SS1 ElUB.. E2EM5 E2SS3 E1UB1 E2EM6 E2SS4 VUB2 E2SS5 E1UB3 E2FL. E2SS6 E1UB4 E2FL1 92SS7 E2FL2 E2FL3 E2US. E2FL4 E2US1 E2FL5 E2US2 E2FL6 E2US3 E2US4 E2FO. E2US5 E2FO1 E2FO3 E2FO4 E2FO5 E2FO6 E2FO7 4o PALUSTRINE HABITATS LACUSTRINE HABITATS P P.O. . L2FL. L2FL1 POAB. POOWO UAB. L2FL2 POAB1 POOWO LlAB1 L2FL3 POAB2 LlAB2 L2FL4 POAB3 PORB. LlAB3 L2FL5 POAB4 PORB1 LlAB4 L2FL6 POAB5 PORB2 LlAB5 L20WO POEM. POSS. L10WO L20WO POEM1 Possi L10WO POEM2 POSS2 L2RB. POEM3 POSS3 URB. L2RB 1 POEM4 POSS4 URB1 L2RB2 POEM5 POSS5 URB2 P03M6 POSS6 URS. POSS7 LlUB. L2RS1 POFL. LlUB1 L2RS2 POFLI POUB. LIUB2 POFL2 POUB1 LlUB3 L2UB. POFL3 POUB2 LlUB4 L2UB1 POFL4 POUB3 L2UB2 POFL5 POUB4 L2... L2UB3 POFL6 L2UB4 POUS. L2AB. POFO. Pousi L2AB'l L2US. POF01 POUS2 L2AB2 L2US1 POF02 POUS3 L2AB3 L2US2 POF03 POUS4 L2AB4 L2US3 POF04 POUS5 L2AB5 L2US4 POF05 L2US5 POF06 L2BB. POF07 L2BB1 L2BB2 LZEM. L2EM2 L2EM3 L2EM4 41 RIVERINE HABITATS R2..* R3.o. R4. o RlAB. R2AB. R3AB. R.40WO RIAB1 R2AB1 -.R3AB1 R40WO RlAB2 R2AB2 R3AB2 RlAB3 R2AB3 R3AB3 R4SB. RlAB4 R2AB4 R3AB4 R4SB1 RlAB5 R2AB5 R3AB5 R4SB2 R4SB3 RlBB. R2BB. R3BB. R4SB4 RlBB1 R2BB1 R3BB1 RlBB2 R2BB2 R3BB2 RlEM. R2EM. R3FL. RlEM2 R2EM2 R3FL1 RlEM3 R2EM3 R3FL2 RIEM4 R2EM4 R3FL3 R3FL4 RlFL. R2FL. R3FL5 RIFLI R2FL1 R3FL6 RlFL2 R2FL2 RIFL3 R2FL3 R30WO RlFL4 R2FL4 B30WO RlFL5 R2FL5 RlFL6 R2FL6 R3RB. R3RB1 R10WO R20WB R3RB2 Rlowo - B20WO R3RS. RlRB R2RB. R3RS1 R;RB1 R2RB1 R3RS2 RLRB2 R2RB2 R3UB. RlRS. R2RS. R3UB1 RlRS1 R2RS1 R3UB2 RlRS2 R2RS2 R3UB3 R3UB4 RlUB. R2UBo RIUBI R2UB1 RNS. RlUB2 R2UB2 R3US1 RlUB3 R2UB3 R3US2 RlUB4 R2UB4 R3US3 R3US4 Rius. R2US. R3US5 RlUS1 R2US1 RlUS2 R2US2 RlUS3 R2US3 RlUS4 R2US4 RlUS5 R2US5 42 NICHE/EP(VIROKMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Use the following lists to describe 1) the range of environmental conditions in which the species occurs regardless of life 3tage/activity, (even though the conditions may represent suboptimal conditions); and 2) the specific limiting environmental conditions that are necessary for the species to survive and complete its life cycle for the species as a whole and by activity/life stage. Keep in mind that this section is an extension of Habitat Associations and any explanations of entries in this section and references should be cited in the Habitat Associations narrative. Apply the following instruction in deciding whether an environmental parameter is necessary - an environmental parameter is necessary if a change or modification of the parameter or condition has the potential for negatively impacting the species survival (and the species population, behavior, or distribution). Using the lists on the pages that follow, check those par ameter values that represent conditions in which the species will occur (column labeled Environmental Associations) and check those values that represent conditions that are necessary for the species to 3urvive.and complete its life cycle (column labeled Limiting Factors). Note: A species may be associated with many parameters and values, but have limiting factors identified for only a few parameters and values. For every limiting factor, check the activity/life stage for which the factor is important. To illustrate, a fish species X will be found in a variety of aquatic habitats with water temperatures ranging from 40C to 250C on a seasonal basis; however, breeding adults require water- temperatures between 1 10C and 14.50C to spawn and the eggs must have water temperatures Of 160C to 180C to hatch. On the first page of the checklist for the parameter "Water Temperature" for the fish just described, the following checks would be placed: The Environmental Associations Column would have checks placed across from second order values B and C (water temperatures between OOC to 300C); the Limiting Factors oolumn would have checks across from second order values B and C, too; the Egg column would receive a check for the value B; and the Breeding Adult column would-receive a check for the value C. Keep in mind that these checklists are designed to summarize specific information recorded In the narrative sections of the workbook into standard keywords. These keyword values will permit rapid retrievals from the database, but precise values and explanations should be recorded in the narrative. Remember, the narrative should function as a source for these checklists. 43 Different life stages will be completed in the following pages depending on taxonomic group. The five life stages - egg, larva, pupa, juvenile, and adult are defined for the following taxonomic groups: Taxonomic Group Egg Larva Pupa Juvenile Adult 01 Fishes x x x x 02 Amphibians x x x 03 Reptiles x x x 04 Birds x x x 05 Mammals x x 06 Aquatic Molluscs x x x 07 Aquatic Crustaceans x x X X. 08 Aquatic Insects x X x x x 09 Other Aquatic Invertebrate Taxa x x x X x 10 Terrestrial Insects x x x x x 11 Other Terrestrial Invertebrate Taxa x x x x x 44 0 0 0 qu @4 :J ;* > V 10 Environmental Parameter Ix tc Ix tc Ix bf 0 0-r4 0 0 0 0 a @4 Environmental Parameter (First Order) &4 44 -H v4 -r4 v4 -0 -0 @4 -0 to 0 &J -0 " 0 (Second Order) :11 0 OL V 0 0 0 W r: -H bcW 0 V 0 0 0 0 64 W0-J W tu 04 P4 W Ad W V4 ;q 1. Mlys feet /Owalcal A. All DFSCNIPT043 Air temperature 00010 A- L@89 than OPC (320F) a a. & - 4* (32OF 390F) C . No - 150 (4001' 590F) D. ISO - 3rC (6&fr - 9&F) E. Greater then 32oC (>"OF) a. AQUATIC 1*.SCRIPTM3 Water lenqo-rattire OW10 A. tuther"I - prerers temperature greater thin 3&C (060F) D. "esothermal - prefers temperature between 150-3CPC (5901' - 86CF) E. 011gothermal prerers temperature between 00-150C (32OF - 590F) D. Indirferent - enjoys a wide range In temperatures %.n Dissolved Oxygen 00130 A. Euotyphilous needs high ()q 09/1) 02 concentrations'(saturated) 0. hesovyphilous - needs moderate (6-9 mg/1) 02 concentrations C. Oligonyphilous - needs low 02 concentrations (<6 mg/1) 0 Anonyphilous - enjoys a wide 02 concentration range Vator Poo 00190 A. Aeldoblontic - prerers pil below 5.5 B. Acidophilous - prefers pff below ? C. Neutral - prolrere p1l about 7 M Alkallphilous - prefers p1l above 7 Alkalibiontle - prerers pH above 6.5 F. Indirrerent - no p1l prererence shown !4w-ciric Conductance 01220 A. Less then 800 D. 800-8000 C. 8000-30,000 30,000-45,000 45. 000-60, ow F. Greater then 60,000 0 0 n J 0qJ -0 t1.4 T C: F A. C* 0 0 -rl -A " 0 U Environmental Parameter V. ec ot Ix rx bc Ix 0 @4 930 0 Environmental Parameter 14 " v4 (first Order) .0 -A V si V " -0 &j 0 (Second Order) f1 W 0 0 U) W 0 W W 44 V4 124W 9" D@ 9n W 'I I Alkalinity 01230 1 1 1 1 1 1 Less then 30 ppm/C@C03 10"NEENEMEN 30-120 ppm/C9C0 120-200 ppoLlcaci3 Greater then 200 pp@VC@CG3 Total Hardness 012401 A. Less then 20 ppa a. 20-150 ppm U. Greater then 150 ppm Current Velocity 007" A. .5 fps or less s-.99 rps c. i.o-i.49 rps N N 1.5-1.99 rp3 2.0-2.49 fps F. 2.5-2.99 fps 3.0-3.49 fps 3.5 - greater rps flow 001101 H A. Wheophile - living fit flowing water 1 W. Relokrene - living In a marsh spring 4++7 Intermittent flow - periodic standing water U. Small stream Inhabitant - flows leg than 50 erg mean annual now, Meditan size stream Inhabitant - flo:s between 50-1.000 erg seen annual flow Large size stream Inhabitat - flows between 1.000-5.000 eta man annual flow River Inhabitant flows greater then 5.000 erg mean annual flow Gradient 00700 A. LOW D. Moderate C. "Igh 0 U 0 U, It F1 A. A* C* 0 14 to U 0 0 fe > ;> Environmental Parameter Environmental Parameter 0 -r4 C3 0 0 0 0 (First order) AJ .04 -rf -r4 -@4 VA V (Second Order) -14 @4 -0 &J to -0" -0 &J 0 > El be 0 0 CLW M 0 0 0 W 0 V 0 W 0 W 1.4 Water r*pth 01250 A Less then I ft. a i-s rt. C. 5-10 ft. 0. iu-2s rt. E. 25-50 ft. - - - - - - - F. 50-100 rt. - - - - - - - G. 100-700 ft. H. 2oo-5oo ft. 1. 500-1000 ft. - - - - - - - J. 1000-1500 ft. K. Greater then 1500 ft. Water Level 01030 A. Permanently flooded - species preferences D. Intermittently exposed C. Senipermanently flooded Seasonally flooded E. Saturated F. Temporarily I'looded Intermittently I'looded Artificially flooded 1. Reservoir tallwater J. 9-teady-state re3ervoir levels R. Fluctuating reservoir water levels loubstrate and 00670 A. tplbenthle - oeourring on. but not penetrating the substrate III-lal.14111 to and submerged objects rombstrate 9. Embenthle - occurring In. penetrating. the substrate C [pipelle - occurring on (or In) mud and silt - - - *- D.. Episabulle - occurring on (or In) send L. Epilithic - occurring on (or under) rocks - - - - - - . Eplillous - occurring on (or Into) wood - - - - - - . [pl2oole occurring on (or within) other animals 11. Epiphytic occurring on (or within) plants - - - - - - - 1. Attached normally sessile J. Unattached normally free living, and capable or locomotion C U r4 t A. r I. J. Cd 0 U) 0 -ri U .4 of a 93 r. M U @4 V a) 0 Environmental Parameter 10 0 -r4 a CI 0 0 or. rl @f Environmental Parameter 14 v4 (First Order) -H 010 &J (Second Order) > ex 0 0 0 @4 V 0 V W W 0 W P W 9U Od 114 U4 04 924 f1d In huttom Type *(Aquatic) 006?5 A. MW or silt B. Sand - - - - - - Pebble - - - - - - ---- Gravel Bubble Boulders G. Bedrock organic debris Rooted aquatic vegetation Percent of Substrate/ 00677 Less then 20% Bottom Covered (by 20-40% aquatic vegetation, 40-60% logs. debris. otc.) Greater than 80% Stability of Bottom 0068 A. Stable a. Unstable Turbidity 0031 fulichotophilous - prefers low turbidities (clew water) B. Resolichtophlious - prerers generally clear w*ters but tolerates periodic cloudiness C Potylichtophilous a enjoys a wide range or turbiditles U. 011811chtophilous - prerers high turblditles murky water Total Dissolved Solids 0037 A. Less then 5000 WIN 0. Between 5000-10.000 ppm C Greater than 10,000 ppm 0 -4 0 > 9 44 V11 4 :2 V W 00 " " .4 Environmental Parameter 0 0 fX FX M be IM bt 0 _A a 1:3 0 a a 0-9 Environmental Parameter $4 4J -4 (First Order) &J -01 " -0 (Second Order) > W In 0 0 W 0 W 0 V _]W 0 W W 14 W FA4 14 04 9U 04 9" r4 M ".104 lharlent.9 tPhosphorus 00430 tutrophle prefers high nutrient concentrations and Nitrogen) "esotrophle - prerers moderate nutrient concentrations Oligatrophic - prorers low nutrient concentrations Dystrophic - prerer3 wars. humic rich habitat Blodegradeable Organics 00610 A, Seprophille - prefers polluted waters with brier periods or 110 concentractions under 5 mg/l. pit 2 SUs. and temps exceeding 250C 8. Faculatative - wide range of tolerance to organic pollution. pit tolerance C. Saproxenous - prefers clean water habitats* can tolerate Inrrequent periods or low DO ir pit and temps are unaltered 0. Seprophoble - restricted to clean waters that have not been exposed to pollution Trophle ?ones 00850 A "eterotrophic - belonging to.nonselr-oustaining community of' orgentsmal needs outside energy Autotrophic - belonging to a self-Murtshing commmity of Trophogenle Zones 00910 A. Epillonlon Inhabitant needs well lighted, upper layer of-standing water 0. Ilypollmnion Inhabitant needs dark. lower layer or standing water Arinstle lighttat 011970 A. Littoral tone Inhabitant - prefers the shallows with Zonation emergent vegetation B. Sublittoral zone Inhabitant - prefers dimly lightOdL region without emergent vOgetation C. Prorundsl zone Inhabitant - prefers the cold. 3tratirted region with no light and reduced oxygen levels and high pH, temperatures are uniform. sediments fine grained 0. Pelagic - needs open water E. Planktonic microscopic plants and animals Ix NMI 111111M 1111M 111110 1111110 IME IME 11110 111110 111M Aj Cd U 0 1. 94 r4 0 *j is Im aj @"f to U @q r4 :0 &) to t > > =0 :j Iq 93 tu I (d :3 1 1" < 1-30 V Im ot ?A te w w 0 Environmental Parameter 0 -0 0 a C: 93 Environmental Parameter (First order) 14 " V4 -" V4 -0 10 @4 .0 -01 &JI of -,o ij -0 11 0 (Second Order) :> V q V 0 0 w w 0 @4 W VO W 0 0 0 14 Aquntl c Vogetatio" 00685 A.' Pondweeds It. Plekerelweod Algae mosses E. Widgeo" Gross F. Wild Celery 14G: Bledderworts Coontalls 1. Cordjjras3 J. Rushes K. Sedges MENNEEIMENN--u Cattail 0 WEEMENEEM --W. Snartwe:ds OMMMMOMMM --IF Wild Nice N N 0. Alder P. White Ceder Horsetails a burreeds 0 1 1 1 t r Eelgross rrow Weeds V. Nice Cutgroas Duckweeds Water lilies Nplati" op"Sity of 00696 A. LOW Aqu:oti-- Voretation 0. "oderate "Ish @ r 14 0 moll IME IME MMI IMM IME IME IMM MIN IMM MMI 0 -H M (A $4 0 46J tj a E g 1 U 461 -4 U 0 W IV t I > Environmental Parameter U rx tc N at be 61 0 a r: a 0 C: 0 Environmental Parameter P " @4 4-4 -A @4 -@4 -H 10 (First Order) @4 -r4 -0 Ai 4-0 v .0 &j 0 (Second Order) > V. cud] 0U1 tU 1'4 04 fU Cd tL4 0@M inland Wettand A. Vegetated stream banks Deaver-dammed streams C. Island inhabitant D. Dogs E. Emboyments F. Sloughs. bayous Ditches N Form ponds Seasonal wet depressions SfIt bottom streams Detritus bottom btreSM3 Rocky bottom stream X. Stream riffles 0. Stream pool areas P. Stream/river weedbed3 - - - Lake weedbeds R. Sink holes I a T. Wet meadows F I Woodland ponds Man-made Impoundments coantal Zone 0141 A. saltwater marsh B. arackfsh water morsh C. Typho-Scirpus marsh D. Freshwater marsh E. Coostalmorsh I G- Swamp, general N. Cypress swamp I ' ' 1----r. Reers J. Sandy beaches 'T.- Sand bar L. Intercoo:tol waters Mud riots MEMO N. rim" e 3 0. Itindune U 0 n 0 9) M rj r4 IRG INVIEWN 100 MEN 000 WON INS INE am 100 0 -r4 Le 0 '4 0 " qd U AJ fd > > #A bf bf C: Environmental Parameter, Environmental Paiameter 0 -r4 a 0 0 a a C3 -'4 " v4 @4 .94 -'4 @4 '4 (Second order) (First Order) V4 -a &J 4 -0 AJ to W M PL A. PolyhaloboUS - prerers salt cone"trations above 110,000 "/1 (*40 ppt) I H 0. Euhniabous - prerera sait concentrations above 30.000 mg/l (z30 PP0 C.. 14"oholobous - prerers salt concentrations between 500-30.000 09/1 (*0.5-30 ppt) D. Ollgohalobous - prerers ssit concentrations less then 500 0611 Euryhalinous - enjoys a wide range of salt concentrations Seeps/Sprihgs 01210 A. flowing - Spring Pool - Spring TERRESTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS, :;oil 012RO A. Clay T silt C- Sand Loom E. Gravel F. Rocky Soil To-sture 01290 Coarse Medium Fine A.- C. 0 to 4j &J -4 qd U 19 &j M t t > btN 1A bf Environmental Parameter Environmental Parameter 0 @4 @30 9 21, 0 13 P 41 4 @4 (Second Order) (First Order) -0 to -0 V 0 W 4V W 14 0 W tu p& P4 g" od 1XI rid Vn Sol] Orpth 01300 .A Less then 10 Inches 11. 10-20 Inches C. 20-36 inches Greater then 36 Inches Soil Profile 01310 A. Organic Matter - Undecomposed (01 Horizon) Organic "otter - Partially Decomposed (02 Horizon) T Mineral Soil/Hived with humus (At Horizon) D- Mineral Soil/Zone of Eluvistion (A2 Horizon) E- TrAn3ittonal zone between the,A and 0 Horizons (01 Horizon) F. Zone of Illuvistion with accumulation or clay. Fe. Al. (82 Horizon) 0. Unconsolidated Nock Material JC Horizon) %oil Drainage 01320 A . Excessive ly drained (coarse soft, very porous) [-N.- Well drained (medium texture soils) C- Moderately well drained (wet a small but sig"tricant portion or the year) 0. Imperfectly and poorly drained (wet a significant portion of the year) Very poorly drained (water table at or near surface greater part of the year) Sol] PH 01330 A. Less then 5.0 'S.0-6.0 6.o-B.o D. 8.0-10.0 Greater than 10.0 Soll "folsture 01350 A Wet 9. "019t C. Dry C. aA. mill FA. U 0 0) U) 0) 14 4 0 fd U @4 P4 =1 0 at 19 IX te te te Environmental Parameter Environmental Parameter 0 @4 a a C:0 93 C3 SA M -r4 -A -A -A V (Second Order) (First order) -#4 &J 10 -0 41 -0" a a 0 0 W of 24 0 0 :3 0 0 0 W 14 Soil CrMpactlon 01360 A. Easily penetrated D- Difficult to penetrate -,r- Not penetrable Aspect 01270 A. North B-- Northeast East Southeast E. South Southwest West Northwest ,t:' FlevatInn 01260 A Below sea level B. 0-100 ft. C. 100-300 ft. D- 300-500 ft. 500-1.000 ft. 1,000-2,000 ft. G: 2.000-3.0M ft. 3.OGO-4.000 ft 1. Greater then 4:M ft. Slope 013%0 A. Level (no slope) D. Less that 5% C. 5-10% FD. 10-151 I E. 15-25% V. Greater then 25% 0 U 0 E* MIA R_ ICA MIN M M WN NO M M M M M INN MIN NO MIN 001 MIN MIN 0 -r4 &j M U 0 U) in 0 0 91 aj 4 roU @4 :1 Environmental Parameter t: tc Ix Environmental Parameter 0 v4 p " (Second Order) (First Order) -t4 "o &J > rx 0 W 0 0 0 W W W Q@ tX4 ad 9X4 a@ 00 Terrestrial Features 01370 A. Burrows .0 .MEMO 1R. Talus MEMO= Standing Snags MENNEN Downed Logs Nock Outcrops F. Midges G. Depres3lons/Sinkholes R. Rare Ground Lear Rests Brush Piles/Rock Piles Cliffs/Ledges L. Dry Coves %A 14. Wet Coves - - - - - - W. Reaches 0. liedgerows/Mi"d Breaks rence Rows Q. Roadside Ditches Grassy Uncultivated Areas Large. Lone Trees (Wolf Trees) Lear Litter V. Vegetation 14ossics/Edge3 . Insect Hounds T. Tree Cavities - - - - - - - Highway medians z 4 4 41 > (1) Tom.- 0 &j &j to U W IV _f -4V to IX4 bt Environmental Parameter Environmental Parameter 93 V. C39 0 1@8 41 -ri V4 -0 _0 (First Order) 4 .0 41 to " 13 4j W (Second Order) > 0 M rx W 0 0 M W C: -r4 to W 0 :1 W 0 W W 14 W 9" 04 04 W 04 924 od to Ecotones 02000 A. woodia"d/crop field@ Voodiand/shrub-brush field Voodland/water D. W.Odlond/herbaceaus field 7 Shrub-brush rield/water Crop rield/water - - - - - - - - Crop field/herbseeoUS field - - - - - - - - ff. Herbaceous rield/shrub-brush field - - - - - - - Iferbaceous tield/water - - - - - - - - coniferous rorest/deciduous forest - - - - - - - - Wmdland/barren land L Woodland/wetle"d (not open water) M H. Woodland/urban land Shrub-brush rield/berren land Shrub-brush field/crop field Shrub-brush fieldfuetiond (not open water) Shrub-brush ffeld/urbon land Crop rfeld/barren lend 3. Crop ffeld/urbon land Crop field/wetlo"d (not open water) U. Woodland/herbaceous field V.- Barren land/herbaceous field W_- Herbaceous fleld/wettand (not open water) 1. Herbaceous rteld/urban land Barrett land/wetiond Wetland/urbon land forest Fcotonell 01690 A. Clearcut (opent"g)/seedling-soplIng sto8c, D. Cleorcut (opening)/pole stage Clearcut (openfng)/moture stage D: Seedling-sopling/pole stage MOM 3eedling-sepling/mature stage F. Pole/mature stage Terrestrial Vertical 01750 A. Subsurface toyer leaf litte r) ki 411- 11@ Sterrace toyer (bare soft. organic layer and I V I Herbaceous layer J A 4- Shrub layer fE. Underatory tree layer (canopy) Overstory tree layer (canopy) MEN 11111M 111110 111110 NONNI. 0 0 1-4 Aj a to 93 > 0 44 to to Environmental Parameter be Ix ac A tit 0 -4 13 93 a a Environmental Parameter (First Order) 54U '14 'r4 '" -0 -0 &J .0 .(Second Order) W in 11 0 W 0 V 0 W W W 11 W j W F4 04 04 JU od 9X4 04 CO Nest Sites 019" A. Cavities In live trees 1--w- Cavities In dead trees Underground burrow (Upland) Underwater burrow E Riparian burrow F. Depressions G. Rock outcrops aim Rare ground/very spare@ vegetation 1. Emergent vegetation over/near water Ledges Caves L. Send beachen/pebble beach 14. Leaf nests In live trees Twig nests In live trees Leaf litter "edgerows Q. DDw"ed logs R. Grassy uncultivated areas/hey fields T. Roadside ditches 1i Brush plies %, Shrubs/shrubbery trees W. Trees - Sire of Forest 02010 Aj Less then 112 acre, Clear ings/openings a 112-1 acre C. 1-5 acres ID. 5-20 acres E 20-40 acres F: Greater then 40 acres nize or continuous 02020 A. Less than 10 acres For-?nted 3tand 8. 10-19 acres C. 20-49 acres P. 50-99 acres 100-499 acres 500-5000 acres 111110 U 0 I) L tF C. P. E. G. 5000-10,000 acres Greater then 10.000 acres NEI 0 44 M -A U 0 In U) @4 r4 j V gj Aj -4 t" U IV Environmental Parameter t: at 61 of W Environmental Parameter -0 0 cl 0 0 a 14 " @4 4"4 -,4 n4 '0 (Second Order) (First Order) 44 -rf rl tc 'Ve, fu V& fn Distance to Forest 02030 A. Leas then soo ft. (.1 miles) Open I ng 500-2640 ft. (.1-.5 miles) Greater then 2640 ft. (.5 miles) Perch Sites Location 02050 A. Near permanent water 0. Overhanging permanent water Percent OverstorT 02060 A. Greater then 70% closure Ca"opy Closure 8. 4o-?O% closure C Less than 40% closure Average Wight of 02010 A. Less than 20 rt. Overstory Trees me. 2o-oo ft. I C. 40-60 ft. ID. Greater then 80 ft. CD Average Ml or 02080 r I A. Less then 4 Inches Overstory Trees H. 4-11 Inches Inches 0. Greater than 18 inches Percent Shrub Crown 03010 A Less then 10% Cover R. 10-25% cover U. 25-50% cover SD. 50-75% cover JE. Greeter then 75% Average fleight of 03020 A. Leas than 3 ft. % I n. 3-6 ft. rub Cover I 1 1 6-12 ft. I I - 0. Greater then 12 ft. 0 U 0 U, M 01:11 04 A' 4[A. C ffA. 0 0 U) tn 0) 0 Aj 4j -4 W a) '4 @4 :3 Sj f" > > Ix be of bt be be Environmental Parameter Environmental Parameter 0 'r-4 0 a 0 0 a a 14 "4 -r4 "4 @4 -A -" (Second Order) (First Order) 4 -0 &J 41 -0 &J '0 " 0 Ix 0 U) rx W M 0 1AW bt W 0 :J 0 0 0 W 14 j W tU 0: JU 44 04 9" $14 9Q Percent Herbaceous 03040 A. Loss than 10% Ground Cover 10-25% (Spring/Early Summer) C. 25-505 D. 50-75% . Greater then 75% A. Le 99 then 4 Inches Average "eight or 03050 4-6 Inches Herbaceous Cover C. 8-12 Inches (Sknmaer) 12-24 Inches 24-36 Inches Greater than 36 Anches Agricultural Types 03100 Pa9tureland B. Winter grains (barley. wheat. rye) to C. Spring grains (oats. corn. buckwheat. soybeans) -IV- Orchards (fruits - apple, pearv peachp etc.) E. Vineyards Raylands Wheat 1. Rye cots Barley Soybeans Corn Potatoes Tobacco I U U. Vegetable crops (beans. tomatoes. cabbage. etc.) P. Cherry . Apples N. Pears Peaches 0 0 j I 0 0 441 @4E A- s- C D. F A. J. K. 0 0 0 &J to 93 0 41 to u 0) a) 4 Lp W t > 0 L14 :1 @ :3 0 V (A INC Ix bc FA bt Environmental Parameter Environmental Parameter 0 4 a rl 0 C3 g, 1:3 14 41 (Second Order) (First Order) -r4 -94 -0 AJ to '0 &j -0 4j w w 0 CL 0 w 0 0 W >r. 104 bcw 0 :3 0 w w w $4 90 vegetatio" sticces3lonal 02830 1 1 1 1 1 1 A. Abandoned fields -1-KC& Sand dune Stable forest sacitmax forest Climes forest F. Pend pl6eer aquatic vegetation 0. Filled pond Rare rock Pioneer cowWnltY J. Stable prairie/gressland K. subelimax grassland M L. Climax grassland Vegetation-choked Pond Dist*",?e to Perch 31tell 02940 A. Loss then 100 ft. Now --g-. 100-100 rt. (rorb.-I. tref'99 fence, 300-6oo rt. telephone- Pole. etc.) C. 0. 600-1320 ft. E. 13?0-26vo rt. (1/4-1/2 mile) NOW Greater than 112 mile Percent Conif"I'Ous 02850 A. Less then 59 Trer-I in Mixed Forest 5-10% 10-25% Greater than 25% "thetwr or Snags (Deihl 02860 1 or less Tret-3) per acre B. 2 C. -E. Greater then (n U t 'i .@4 a bt 4 M M. tK L. MEN OWN B. DEC NMI ME 111111101 MW MW 111111110 MW 11111E 111100 MW MW 0 V 0 U) a I., @4 0 V4 41 a gi Aj 4j rA U W Aj to > Environmental Parameter 113 Environmental Parameter 0 44 W &j .14 414, -01 (First Order) -@4 -0 410 aj (Second Order) > jg a W W be W 0 P W 0 W 0 14 WHO W 9U od 04 9" 94 9X4 01 ra Percent or OverstorY 02870 A. Less than 10% Canopy Trees In 8- 10-25% Deciduous Species C. 25-50% D. 50-75% E. GreaLer then 75% Shrubs 021ro A. Spicebush B. Serviceberry C. "ountain "aple/Striped 148ple Dogwood Species Sumacs Hall-Inut 0 Elderberry (American elder) H: Chokeberry T. Viburnum Species J. Winterireen K. Winterberry L. Juniper Mountain-29h Buttonbush 0. Buckthorn dewberry) Rubus (blackberry, raspberry. -- - - - - - - d. muitirlors Rose - - - - - - Vaccinjum Species (blueberry. deerberry) Alder - - - - -- U. Huckleberry V. Barberry W. Rhododendren T. Laurel B* D- E- r LH 0 tn in $4 @4 rA 0 L) to 40 13 r. ai si @4 0 U W W -4 @4 :J t > :3 V Environmental Parameter bc Environmental Parameter 93 1:3 V: r. 0 d -4 *A *,41 -0 si -0 tj > W 0 0 0 W 0 :jW 0 W 0 (First Order) (Second Order) More %rubs 02130 A. Poison Ivy Hawthorn C. Witch hazel 0. Tortarlon honeysuckle Autumn olive/Rusgion olive Rugass rose C. Willow species H.- Amur honeysuckle Sweet bay J. Sweet fern 02170 A. Japanese honeysuckle * Trum t creeper E -. Poison ivy N F. Virginia creeper 1U. Crope Greenbrier Bittersweet Rudzu K. English Ivy f C. H. IMI M 100 MIN M OEM 100 U) a) -I: @4 @4 -@q -V4 &j @4 &J so fe 93 93 4j aj -4 id u W W -f 14 :1 tj to t t > 0 V -0 0 FA4 to I a) 1-30 Environmental Parameter 0 ad 64 fx et (x 6C a 0 -ri C a a al 93 0 -4 Environmental Parameter (First Order) 14 " @4 -A -ro @4 -0 -0 -U (Second Order) > 'd W 0 W Legn/Other Herbs 022 A. Partridge pen Crown vetch Soybean Flatpes. Serfeen lespedets Common lespedeze Kobe lespedeze H.' buckwheat Sunflower/Asters J. Dird9foot trefoil Airairs Sweet clever -Pr- Alsike clover Red clover 0. Ladino cloverAthite clover P. l1alry wetch Cowpea IN Bristly locust T. Smartweed3 U. Crimson clover V. Milkweed W. Pokeweed T. Golde"rod Z. Thistles bt D E. U @14 MIN 001 001 NMI 100 on IN MM1 0101 100 MIN IMM 0101 NOR MIN' 100 INE in Yj -4 si go to _91: aj0 -04 rdU W W @4 @4 :3 Cd ;> > 0 Environmental Parameter Environmental Parameter (First Order) #4 rf V4 I Aj '6 '0 (Second Order) tc FA W U) In W $4 W 1A4Iad I Al.fW1 rid 44 CK in Grasses 02290 4. 819 bluesten 0. Bermuda gross MENNEN C. Orchard gross Japanese millet E. Weeping love gross F. Tell fescue G. Annual ryegreas Perennial ryegrasq Switch gross J. Redtop K. Little bluestem L. Pearl millet H. Need canary gross Timothy U. Foxtall millet erman millet 0. Indian gross A. Grain sorghum Proso millet Hore Grosses 02295 A. Smooth bromegre3s 8. Deer tongue C. Field bromegreS3 American beachgross Quackgross F. Poverty gross G. Panic gross Bristle grasses 'j tn0 0 U 0) M= 11110 111110 1MEI' NMI 11110= f@ 0 0 U 1" 0 0 .1 .1 1 Environmental Parameter t: bt IN 14 CA bf 13 -,4 0 93 C3 V3 0 -H Environmental Parameter 14 0 -ri -P4 V4 -ro -ro 10 (First order) -@l9 " to 0 -0 ai 0 (Second Order) > be CL 0 V W W 0 W 14 Coniferous Trees 02720 Eastern redeeder (Juniperus) Norway spruce C. White spruce .0. ShortleaC pin* L. Austrian pine Red pine G. Pitch pine H. (Eastern) white pine 1. Scotch pine J. Virginia pine K. Jack pine Hemlock Northern white cedar (Thujs) Table mountain.pine 0 Balsam fir P. Red 3pruce/Bleek spruce Larch/Tamarack %.n Hardwood Treps 02780 A. Alder Aspen 91. Birch + H + - Hickory Sycamore F. Sassafras G. Wgwood species n. White asks group Maple. Dow elder Inquepln J. Chinese chestnut/Golden Ch K. Ashes L. Russian olive/AutUmn olive Black walnut/Butternut N. Hackbtrry o. Locust - Honey and Black P. Willow Cherry speeles Red oaks group 41 C* fd " A. G. tA- G N* 0 0 NEI. IN .1 111100 NOW 11111100 0 0 U) U) 9) P 0 -4 11 to a g3 0 si &j P: W ol of A invironmental Parameter Environmental Parameter 0 -rq 01 ,, ,,,Ilr4 V -r4 v4 -,4 -@q -1 (Second Order) -0 V4 -0 41 a -0 aj .0 &J > F1 W 0 cx 0 0 W 9= -4 (First Order) 14 Nore Hardwood Tree$ 02?" A. Elm tulip or yellow poplor Cr,*n,8,PP,,'e,,, E. Beech Basswood Cottonwood -fflt.- Awwrican holly/hollies gum J. Mulberry K. Hazel , L flop hornbeas H "ornbeam N. Ditternut Hickory Persi Iltman Association 02890 A. Residential townfornamental trees/shrubs D. Residential houses/chImneyVattics U. Form outbuildings (barns. sheds) - - - - - - Abandoned buildings Forms (cropland/pastures) F. Fare ponds Go Public city parks Public residential parks I State and county parks J. National perks/historic landmarks K, wtiditre reruges/sonctuaries L. Zoos A U 0 0 ,4 ,4 j IF. G I J. KkBITIT EVALUATION PROCEDURES MODELS Is there an existing model for this spec ies? Yes No If yes, indicate type(3) below: PAMHEP HEP DRAFT-HEP Habitat Evaluation Procedures Models Description (enter the model preparer, date prepared, agency affiliation, habitats and land use types for which the model applies): 67 ANIMAL AND PLANT ASSOCIATIONS Use the space prov ided below to identify important animal and plant associations; i.e., predation, parasitism, symbiosis, commensalism, mutualism, etc. Of particular interest are dependent relationships where such relationships offer predictability of occurrence. Describe each pair or group of species in an association using their common and scientific names, with the names preceded by the type of relation- ship, and explain the relationship. Be certain to follow each entry with the reference code of the reference for the source of the relationship. References for Animal and Plant Associations (enter the reference code for all references used in compiling the entries in this section, separate each reference code with a comma): 68 FOOD HABITS A. Food Habits Narrative Develop a complete and concise description of the food items consumed by this species during its life * If available, give specific information on the foods (e.g. deer mice, frogs, and fungi, etc.) and food parts (e.g. leaves, bark, cambium, flower petals, hair, blood, etc.) consumed during each life stage of the species', i.e., the foods consumed by larva, juvenile, and adult life stages. Devote a section of the description to preferred food types and those foods essential to the species as a whole. Also, devote a paragraph or section to a discussion of seasonal variations or changes in food habits and preferences by food types and/or food parts. Provide appropriate reference codes, including page numbers, for all information and record the complete citations in the Reference Section at the back of this workbook. 69 B. Peferences for Food Habits (enter the reference codes for all references used in compiling the entries in this section, separate each reference code with a comma): 70 C Genera I Food H abit of the species (check the one value that best characterizes the- food habits of the species): Carnivore Insectivore Herbivore Omnivore D. Food Habits Checklist (check all that apply): Check the appropriate column identifying the foods consumed by the species at the various life stages. For example, if the animal consumes bird eggs as a juvenile and adult, then you would check the Juvenile and Adult columns next to the value "Bird eggs - 2150". The three life stages - I arva, juvenile, and adult - are defined for the following taxonomic groups: Taxonomic Group Larva Juvenile Adult 01 Fishes x x x 02 Amphibians x x 03 Reptiles x x 04 Birds x x 05 Mammals x x 06 Aquatic Molluscs x x 07 Aquatic Crustaceans x x x 08 Aquatic Insects x x x 09 Other Aquatic Invertebrate Taxa x x x 10 Terrestrial Insects x x x 11 Other Terrestrial Invertebrate Taxa x x x iLarva - includes the immature life stages of aquatic insects known as nymphs, the free-swimming and glochidia stage of molluscs and the nauplius stage of crustaceans. 2Juvenile a young individual (not larva) that resembles an adult, but is not sexually mature. 3Adult a sexually mature individual. 71 Foods Consumed MICRO ORGANISMS Bacteria 1010 Other Micro-organisms 1040 PLANTS Herbaceous plant parts; buds, leaves, stems, 1070 flowers Woody plant parts; buds, leaves, stems, twigs, bark 1100 Flower nectar, pollen 1130 Herbaceous fruit; berries, capsules, fruit, nuts, grain 1160 Softwood fruit; seeds of Taxaceae and Pinaceae 1190 Hardwood fruit; berries, seeds, nuts, capsules 1220 Plant 3ap 1250 Phytoplankton Diatoms 1280 Algae 1290 Other Phytoplankton 1310 Aufwuch3 (attached plants and animals) 1340 Rooted aquatic plants 11370 Fungi (including sporo- carps and mycelium) 1380 72 ILI P-2 > Foods Consumed U Mo3ses/lichens 1400 Roots/tubers/rhizomes 1430 Floating aquatic plants 1460 Detritu3 Inorganic 1490 Organic 1520 ANIMALS Invertebrates, Terrestrial Insects, adult 1580 Insects, Immature 1610 Other arthropods 1640 Worms 1670 Other terrestrial invertebrates 1700 Invertebrates, Aquatic Insects 1730 Crustaceans 1760 Claw 1790 Snails 1820 Worms, segmented 1850 Worts, flat 1880 Coelenterate3 1910 Bryozoans 1940 Zooplankton 1970 Other aquatic invertebrates 2000 Mammals, juvenile and ne3tling3 2030 MaMalS, small 2060 Mammals, medium 2090 Mammals, large 2120 73 z Et > w > Foods Consumed U Bird eggs 2150 Bird ne3tlings 2180 Bird adults 2210 Fish eggs 2240 Fish fry 2270 F13h adults 2300 Reptile eggs 2330 Reptile juveniles 2360 Reptile adults 2390 Amphibian'eggs 2420 Amphibian juveniles 2450 Amphibian adults 2480 Domestic mammals 2510 Domestic birds 2540 Carriozi 2570 Feces 2600 Garbage/Trash 2630 74 LIFE HISTORY In the following sections, describe the species life history. Be as complete and concise as possible. Attempt to address most of the elements described in each section, but be con- cise. Be certain to follow each item of information with the reference code and page numbers that indicate the source of the information. A. Life History Narrative 1. Physical Description Provide a brief morphological description of the species including descriptors for size, color, etc. 2. Origin Withi n Pennsylvania DeEcribe this species' origin within Pennsylvania (e.g., native, introduced, etc.). If the species is not native to Pennsylvania, include descriptive information concerning the source of animals, etc. 75, Behavior Describe the behavior of the species including: territoriality, home range size, dispersion within natural habitat, diurnal periodicity, seasonal periodicity, movement/migration patterns within and out of Pennyslvania, dispersal, foraging strategy and sites, and interspecific and intraspecific interactions. 76 4. Reproductive Characteristics and Requirements Describe the details of this species breedin*g behavior and characteristics, as well as reproductive site requirements, including: breeding season, mating system, dura -tion of pair bond (if any), display site, gestation/incubation period, delayed fertilization or implantation, number of offspring per repro- ductive cycle, number of reproductive cycles per year, type of nesting/denning/ spawning site, placement of nest/den, type of materials required for nesting/ denning/spawning site, development of offspring, parental care of offspring, age at sexual maturity, minimum and maximum and breeding age, sex ratio's of clutch/litter/offspring. 77 Population Biology Describe the population biology of this species, including: relative population trend, average annual mortality rate, survival rates, average and optimum population densities, rate of increase, sex ratio, and turnover rates. T8 6. Limiting Factors Describe limiting factors that are influencing this species in including: predation, disease, food, competition, population levels, space, cover, natural catastrophes, and other factors. B. References for Life History (enter the reference codes-for all references used in compiling the entries in this section, separate each reference code with a comma): 79 C. Life History Checklists Complete the following life history checklists. These checklists are used to summarize information in a consistent format with standard definitions facilitating automated data element search and retrieval. Checklist entries should be consistent with the life history narrative. Check all categories and values in a category that apply. If a category does apply, but an appropriate value does not exist to describe the species, then write in the appropriate value or entry in the category checklist. 1. ORIGIN WITHIN PENNSYLVANIA 001A Native 001B Transplanted - originally native to another state, now in Pennsylvania 001C Exotic - originally native to another.country, now in Pennsylvania 001D Feral - animals which have escaped from domestication 001E Hybrid offspring Of two separate, but closely related species 001F Reintroduced native - species once extirpated in Pennsylvania, now reintroduced 001G Stocked - populations are artificially maintained 2. BEHAVIOR A. Territoriality 024A Defends entire breeding, feeding, and nesting territory 024B Defends breeding and nesting territory 024C Defends breeding territory only 024D Defends nesting territory only 024E. Defends feeding territory only 024F Non-territorial 8c) B. Territory Size 025A Less than 1/4 acre 025B 1/4 - 1 acre 025C 1 - 5 acres 025D 5 - 20 acres 025E 20 - 100 acres 025F Greater than 100 acres C. Home Range Size 026A Less than 1/4 acre 026B 1/4 - 1 acre 026C 1 - 5 acres 026D 5 - 20 acres 026E 20 - 100 acres 026F Greater than 100 acres D. Dispersion -027A Random 027B Uniform 027C Clumped E.@ Periodicity 028A Active at night 028B Active in day 028C Active at dawn and/or dusk (crepuscular) 028D Cyclic day-night activity rhythms 028E Most active in winter 028F Most active in early spring 028G Most active in late spring 028H Most active in early summer 0281 Most active in late 3Ummer 028J Mo3t active in fall 81 F. Foraging Strategy 002A Gleaning 002B Probing 002C Hovering 002D Hawking 002E Grazing 002F Browsing 002G Scavenging 002H Stalking 0021 Filtering 002J Flycatch ing 002K Diving (Aquatic) 002L Stooping 002M Ambushing 002N Pouncing G. Foraging Site3 003A Ground Surface 003B Air 003C Herbaceous vegetation 003D Snags.(dead/dying trees) 003E Stumps 003F Shrubs Cover/Canopy 003G Understory tree canopy 003H Branche s of overstory trees, 0031 Canopy of overstory trees 0031 Trunk of trees 003K Tree cavities 003L Rocks 003M Logs 003N Underground burrows 0030 Caves 003P Cliffs/Ledges 003Q Standing Water - Littoral Zone 003R Standing Water - Limnetic Zone 003T Standing Water - Profundal Zone 003U' Flowing Water - Riffles 003V Flowing Water - P0013 003W Flowing Water-.aquatic weedbed3/vegetation 2 REPRODUCTION A. Breeding/Spawning Season 004A January 004B February 004C March 004D April 004E May 004F June 004G July 004H August 0041 September 004J 'October 004K November 004L December B. Mating System (Single breeding season) 006A. Monogamy (male or female mates once or with only one male or female) 006B Polygyny (male mates with more than one female) 006C Polyandry (female mates with more than one male) 006D Promiscuity (both males and females mate with more than one male or female) 006E Polybrachygamy 006F Colonial C. Duration of Pair Bond 007A Pair for life 007B Pair for one breeding season 007C No pair bond formed D. Display Site' 008A Ground 008B Water 008C Air 008D Perch 008E Cavity 008F Lek/Arena 008G Log 008H Nest 83 E. Gestation/Incubation Period (insemination to parturition or egg laying to hatching) 015A Less than 1 day 015B 1-2 days 015C 3-4 days 015D 5-7 days 015E 1-2 weeks 015F 3-4 weeks 015G 1-2 months 015H 3-4 months 0151 5-4 months 015J 7-8 months 015K Greater than 8 months F. Average Number of Offspring/Reproductive Effort @016A 1 016B 2 016C 3-4 016D 5-7 016E 8-10 016F 11-15 016G 16-30 016H 31-100 0161 101-1000 @016J 1000-10,000 016K Greater than 10,000 G. Number of Broods/Litters (Reproductive Efforts) Per Year 017A One 017B Two 017C Three 0 1'7D Greater than three H. Spawning Site 010A Standing water 010B Flowing water 010C Sand 010D Gravel 010E Rocks 01OF Detritus 010G Mud 010H Aquatic vegetation 84 Ne3t/Den Site 069A Cavity in live tree 009B Cavity In dead tree 009C Primary cavity (excavatts its own) 009D Secondary cavity @ust covity excavated by another species) 009E Under boric 009F On the ground 0090 Underground burrow, 009H Hole in ground 0091 Depression 009J Gras3/Forbs 009K Shrubs 009L StUMP3 009M Trees 009N Floating aquatic vegetation '0090 Emergent aquatic vegetation 009P Rush and cattails 009Q Log 009R Dirt bank 009T Cave 009U Under rocks/rook outcrOP3 009V Man-made structures (hoU,Se3t barns, 31los' etc.) 009W Under leav" 009X Underwater burrow, 009Y Ledge3 009Z Bar* ground (no or sparce vegetation)/send beaches 009pA Upturned txee toots J. Nest materials 013A Grasses 013B Forbs 013C Sticks 013D Vegetative Crown 013B Leaves 013F Bark 013G Mud 013H Hair and feathers 0131 Rootlets 013J So nest structure 013K Mass 013L Send 013M Gravel 013N Organic debris 0130 Inorganic de@ris' 013P Aquatic vegetation 8$ _K. Development of Young at Birth/Hatching 018A Altricial 018B Precocial L. Parental Care of Young 019A Female 0198 Male 019C Both parents 019D Foster parents 0.19E No care given young 4. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS A* Population Trend (Statewide) 036A Increasing 036B Stable 036C Decreasing 036D No trend-variable B. Reasons For Population Trend 032A Low Reproductive Potential 032B Periphery of Range 032C Overharvesting Z 032D Disease 032E Predation 032F Environmental Contaminants (including heavy metals) Z 032G Herbicides 032H Pe3ticide3/In3eCticide3 0321 Habitat Loss 032J Habitat Zmprovement 032K Range Expansion (Habitat Addition) 032L Underharvesting _z 032M 'High Reproduction 032N Seasonal and Catastrophic Weather Conditions 0320 Interspecific Competition '032P Intraspecific Competition C. Population Potential Through Habitat Manipulation (MGMT) 037A Increase < 10% 037B Increase 10-25% 037C Increase > 25% @037D Decrease < 10% 037E Decrease 10-25% 037F Decrease > 25% MANAGEMENT A. Management Narrative Develop a narrative describing those management activities or human actions that affect the species survival. Identify and describe those actions or activities that improve or are harmful to the species or its habitat. Also explain actions or activities that have a varying influence depending on how the action is implemented, and any other variations by geographic area, seasons etc* 87 B. References for Management (enter the reference codes for all references used in compiling the entries in this section, separate each reference code with a comma): 88 C. Management Checklists Check as beneficial those actions that improve a species habitat or benefit the species chance for survival. Check as harmful those actions that have an adverse impact on a species or its habitat and present a threat to the species survival. Check as many values as apply for both beneficial and harmful. Some actions may be both beneficial and harmful (make certain this situation is properly explained in the Management Narrative). U @-4 z ACTION 001 Regulate numbers and sex of harvest 002 Prohibiting harvest of species being described 003 Transplanting wild animals 004 Stocking captive-reared domestic-strain animals 005 Stocking captive-reared wild-strain animals 006 "Put-and-Take" stocking 008 Festricting/regulating human use of habitats 009 Festricting/regulating human disturbance of populations 010 Restrict human harassment during migration Oil Restrict human disturbance during breeding or other stressful periods 101 Retention of wilderness 102 Maintaining undisturbed/undeveloped areas 103 Limit number of roads and road usage 104 Suppressing wild fire 110 Maintaining natural vegetation (native)-* 111 Maintaining natural ecological succession 112 Maintain early stages Of succession 113 Creation and maintenance of edge situation 89 z ACTION 120 Maintaining woodlots 121 Maintain mast producing trees 122 Creating/maintaining snags 123 Retaining dead/downed woody materials 124 Maintaining large trees for denning, nesting, or roosting 125 Creating tree cavities by mechanical excavation/ Introduction of fungi/etc. 126 Retain or produce special habitat features as eaves,, cliffs, rims, ledges, etc. 127 Developing/maintaining greenspace (wildlife corridors) 128 Establish/maintain- escape cover 129 Establ13hing/maintaining nesting cover '130 Providing artificial nesting sites 131 Providing ledges on highwalls 132 Providing nesting cavities in highwalls 133 Creating artificial leks or display grounds 134 Providing artificial nesting/3pawning sites 135 Creating/maintaining UpplementaLl water sources 136 Develop artificial water devices or catchments 137 Developing/maintaining water holes, ponds, potholes, etc. 140 Providing food and cover for birds in urban/ suburban areas 141 Development of food plots 142 Supplemental feeding (winter, spring, etc.) 150 Grassland burning , 151 Prescribed burning of brushland habitat 152 Haying/mowing - May up to mid-June 153 Haying/mowing - After mid-June 154 Brush rem oval/cutting in pastures and cropland 155 Chaining vegetation to improve habitat 156 Establishment of field borders 157 Locating/con3tructing fences 158 Creating wind and snowbreaks 159 Developing/maintaining hedgerows 160 Creating/maintaining rock piles 161 Developing/maintaining brush or slash piles 162 Developing/maintaining ditchbank vegetation 163 Removal of hedgerows 164 Removal, Of stone Wa113 go ACTION 170 Plantings (shrubs, grasses, trees, etc.) 171 Planting hardy, drought-resistant plants 172 Plantings (grasses) 173 Plantings (shrubs) 174 Plantings along roadsides 175 Transplanting native vegetation 176 Transplanting nursery grown plants 180 Using flushing devices on mowers 181 Using taste repellents 182 Using odor repellents 183 Using noise or visual repellents 200 Stream bank preservation 201 Stream bank protection - gabion matting or riprap 202 Developing/maintaining streambank/streamside vegetation 203 Removal Of 3treamside vegetation 204 Siltation 205 Controlling sedimentation 206 Providing overstory shade adjacent to waterways to prevent high water temperature '207 Maintaining dry 3treambeds and/or gullies 208 Planting hedgerows along dry streambeds and/or gullies 209 Creating artificial stream meanders 210 Creating P0013 in streams 211 Creating riffles in streams 212 Developing/maintaining stream structures 213 Mechanical manipulation of stream bottoms 214 Maintaining/protecting riparian habitat 215 Man caused fluctuations in water level during breeding season 216 Placing artificial islands or rafts in water 217 Creating/maintaining islands within permanent impoundments 218 Maintain and/or create submerged brush and timber in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs 219 Seeding aquatic plants 220 Plantings (aquatic plants) 221 Developing/maintaining suitable salinity 222 Developing/maintaining suitable pH 223 Liming and fertilizing ponds/lake3 224 Controlling vegetation in ponds and waterways 225 Nutrient.and bacteria loading of streams 91. z ACTION 300 Developing/maintaining/protecting freshwater wetlands @301 Developing/maintaining/protecting brackish wetlands 302 Draining/excavating wetlands, including marshes with vegetatior 303 Draining/excavating ponds and lakes 304 Subsurface land drainage 400 Dredging 401 Deposition of fill 402 Channelization 403 Channel Realignments 404 Channel deepening 405 Channel widening 406 Channel lining 407 Creation of concrete channel 408 Clearing/snagging 420 Navigational improvements (i.e., dams and locks) 421 Constructing/maintaining piers 422 Constructing/maintaining moring piles, dolphins and buoys 423 Constructing/maintaining bulkheads, seawalls and dikes* 424 Constructing/maintaining jetties, groins and breakwaters 425 Dry dam construction for flood control 426 Impoundment of waterways (flood control, recreation, etc.) 427 Development of shallow water impoundments 428 Increase in deep water habitats 429 Developing fishways 430 Establishment of elevated floodways 431 Maintain constant water pool level 432 Water levels seasonally fluctuating in reservoirs 433 Entrainment/impingement from water intakes 92 ACTION 500 Even age timber management 501 Uneven age timber management 502 Timber harvest 503 Maintain mature hardwood forests 504 Maintain overmature hardwood and coniferous forests 505 Regeneration cuts (i*e., clearcut, selection, seed tree, shelterwood, etc.) 506 Timber harvesting - clearcutting 507 Timber harvesting - selection cuts 508 Timber harvesting - shelterwood cuts 509 Timber harvesting - seed tree cuts 510 Timber stand improvement (thinning. release cuttings, pruning) 511 Converting woodland to open land 512 Clearing/conttolling understory vegetation in woodlots and forests 513 Developing/maintaining forest openings 514 Reforestation - Deciduous 515 Reforestation - Coniferous 516 Reforestation - Mixed deciduous/coniferous 517 Prescribed burning in forest habitat 518 Forest fire suppression 519 Cut-and-bend or hinge-cutting trees 520 Locating/constructing access/haul roads in forested habitat 521 Maintain haul roads/access roa.ds in forested areas 522 Daylight cutting along roads 523 "Vista" cutting along roads and trails to open up views UO Surface mining 601 Underground mining/deep mining 602 Dozer basin and gouging methods Of surface manipulation 603 Deep chizelng 604 Creating small depressions or furrows to increase water filtration 605 Stabilizing highwalls 606 Contouring to create water holes, knolls, gentle slopes and windbreaks 93 < 0-4 Z ACTION 700 Intensive agricultural practices 701 Clean farming (complete removal of residue) 702 Conventional tillage agriculture 703 Strip cropping 704 Minimum tillage agriculture (strip tillage) 705 Non-inver3ion tillage (deep offset disk, disk plow, chizel plow, disk harrow, spring tooth cultivator) 706 No-till farming 707 Retaining crop residue (over winter) 708 Grazing 709 Delayed grazing pastures/fields until late June or July 710 Fencing out cattle, sheep, horses, or other livestock 711 Overgrazing by livestock 712 Drainage land grading (reshaping land surface to drain soil) 713 Farm pond development 714 Farm pond removal 715 Irrigating 716 Irrigating - drip or trickle 717 Irrigating - sprinkler 718 Development/maintenance of grassed waterways 800 Site preparation for revegetation 801 Planting preparatory crops (cover and green manure crop) 802 Mowing of preparatory crop before seeding 803 Planting seed 804 Planting seed - broadcasting 805 Planting 3eed - drilling 806 Application of herbicides 807 Application of insecticides 808 Application of pesticides 809 Application of fertilizers 810 Mulching 811 Mulching - organic 812 Mulching - inorganic 813 Mulching - frabic or mats 814 Mulching - manure or sludge 815 Mulching - straw or hay 816 Mulching - native grasses 817 Mulching - wood residues 818 Mulching - asphalt 819 Mulching - resin or latex emulsion 94 U ACTION goo Intensive recreational development 901 Rights-of-way management'for wildlife 902 Creation of suburban residential areas 903 Industrial pollution 904 Locating/con3tructing powerlines and other rights-of-way 905 Controlling pollution (thermal, chemical, physical) 906 Controlling refuse disposal (landfills) 950 Specimen collection 951 Egg collection 95 REFERENCES Record the complete citations for the references you used to complete this booklet. If the information was from Iverbal communications with a recognized expert, record the individual expert's name,- affiliation, and address, and date of -communication. Assign each citation a two (2) digit code number for use in completing the various sections 'of this workbook. Enter the references used in completing this booklet in sequential order. The first reference number (00) is reserved for your name and address, telephone number, and affiliation even if you are not referencing yourself in the remainder of the workbook. Use the following convention when citing reference sources: Author name(s), date, title, source document, pages in source document. Specific* questions should be referenced to the Data Base Manager or the CBE (Council of Biology Editors, 1978) Style Manual. Code Citation 00 96 Code Citation 97 Code Citation 98@ Code Citation 99 Code Citation 100 Code Citation 101 APPENDIX C Sample Abstract Species Workbook Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base "PENDIX C. A.dd PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Pennsylvania P.O. Box 1567 Fish and Wildlife"@- HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 1 7105-1567 Data Base. SPEcrE:s wommoic Species Code Number: Species Com;mon Name: .Species Scientific Name: Workbook Compilers: Name: Name: Agency: Agency:. Address: Address: Phone: Phone: Workbook Reviewers: Name: Name: Agency: Agency: Address; AddrC33: Phone: Phone Commuter Entry: Co!Euter Entry Verificatlon: Kame: Name: Date: Date: DetA loaded Into Data Ba3e Sy3teM: P E K N S Y L V A N I A F I S H AND WILDLIFE D A T A B A S E S P E C I E S W 0 R K B 0 0 K Pennsylvania Game Commission P.O. Box 1567 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-1567 Developed by Calvin W. DuBrock Biometrician and Data Base Coordinator Division of Environmental Impact Assessment and Minerals Bureau of Land Management August 1984 (Revised September, 1985) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This Species Workbook and the resulting Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base are the result of a continuing effort over several years by many Individuals and agencies to provide readily accessible species Information for Use in natural resource planning and management. Agencies that have contributed to this project over the many years Include the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. bureau of Land Management, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U S. Office of Surface Mining. U.S. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, Colorado Division Of Wildlife, Illinois Department of Conservation, Virginia Commission of Came and Inland Fisheries, and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Special thanks are due many for their support in this program and development of the workbook. In particular, I would like to recognize and thank for their assistance and helpful comments: Charles Cushwa, Gene Ludlow, Henry Gerke, James Brown, Glenn Gravatt, David Putnam, Jerry Touval, David Reese, John Forren, Richard Heaslip, Stephen Miller, Robert Brooks, Joseph Barnard, Richard Roth, Edwin Pentecost, Germain LaRoche, Daniel Devlin, Richard Croop, Ken Hickok, Paul Steblein. Jerry Hassinger. John Kriz, Bill Palmer, Bill Shope, Calvin Butchkoski, Jerry Wunz, Arnie Hayden, Fred Hartman, John Dunn, Gregory Grabowicz, John Byerly, Frank Mazzotti, and Bruce Anderson. Special recognition and thanks are due to Arlene Miller and Joan Menaffey for their patience, perserverance, and typing and editorial skill's that permitted completion of this workbook. PE',@.NSYLVANIA FISH AND W','LDI.IFE DATA BASE SPECIES WORKBOOK Table of Contents General Instructions .......... .......... I Status ...................... 0 ............................................ 3 A. Status Narrative ... 3 ............. *............................... 4 B. References for Status ............... ... 0. C. Status Checklist ............................................. 4 Species Distribution ..................................................... 6 A. Distribution Narrative ............................................ 7 B. References for Distribution ....................................... . 10 C. Statewide Resident Status .......................................... 11 D. Distribution by County ............................................. 11 E. Distribution by Office of Water Data Coordination (OVDC) Hydrologic Units .... .... 15 F. Distribution by Ecoregions and Land Surface FOMS ................. 18 G. Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation Types ................ 21 H. Distribution by USGS 7 1/2' Quadrangles ........................... 23 1. Distribution by Latitude and Longitude ............................ 32 Population Characteristics ........................................ 3 Origin within Pennsylvania ..................... ................... 35 References ........................................................ 36 GEKEPAL INSTRUCTIONS This Species Workbook has been developed to compile information In a standard format for the P0nn3YlV&niA Fish and Wildlife Data Base. The Data Base is 8 computerized library Of Species information that Is keyword searchat)&'e, providing Instant access to Information for 840+ animals occurring in Pennsylvania. The Data Base provides an Important fOCU3 for storing and acces sing animal for Pennsylvania species. 'Game Commission personnel and others use this Data Base for environmental &SU33ments, habitat evaluation and management, species management research, wildlife extension, and education. This workbook has been designed for compiling a complete, Concise profile of the distribution, status, biology, and management of the species. You wi:l find several "narrative" and "checklist" sections In this workbook, with specific Instructions accompanying each section. Most of the reference materials required to complete 2 section have been incorporated into the Instructions and checklists. Additional ma.terials or references that might be requir ed to correctly complete a section, but were too voluminous or inappropriate to Include in the workbook, are included in the Species Workbook Su;;:ecental Manual. Some of the Information requested in sections of the workbook will a;pear to be duplicated; therefore, it Is important to understand the different functions of the narrative sections and checklists. Narratives The narratives should be written in a flowing, readable format. They--:sft-ul--d provide quick, fully referenced, documentation to the Data Base user -for environmental &3se33ment3, planning decisions, etc. The narratives should be written to stand alone; that 13, even if the information 13 requested again In a summary checklist, It 13 essential that all relevant /appropriate information for the topic be Included in the narrative text. An individual retrieving narrative Information from the Data Base probably will not have viewed any of the -checklist information. All information presented In these narratives must be referenced. Assign each reference a numerical code (sequentially beginning with 01, based upon order of appearance In the text); then record the complete citation in the REFERENCE section of this workbook. Use these codes -along with the page numbers in the citation throughout the narratives to Indicate the sources for each Item of information; e.g., this species d*positi eggs In worm, well-drained, sandy &oils (03:14, 14:359-353, 15:4-5). When oompleting the narrative& (and other sections requesting text), it is preferred that the lnformation first be drafted and then typed or neatly printed 1n the workbook. Slash all zero& (000) to prevent confusion with the letter 00". These steps will greatly decrease the Incidence of keypunch errors when the Information 13 entered Into the computer* Sumary Checklist The checklists are designed to summarize selected information in, the narratives into standardized keywords to allow rapid retriew from the Data Base. Many of the checklist code/word art established standards used by ether agencies fly Using these standards, the checklists will permit specific retrievals from the Data Base; O.g., what species occur In palutrine wetlands These standard keywor-d3 0130 are useful for cr033w&lking to other existing -databases or mapping Systems and for region'al/national summarie. Use your professional judgment to resolve Cases In which there may be overlap or gray areas in the checklists. If a species relationship to a standard code/word is uncertain, it better to Indicate a Positive connection rather than not Indicate It and not be able to retrieve the species In US Nation Involving that code/word. Remember. the Narratives will always serve the definitive source for describing the species. 2 ST17US A. Status Narrative Develop a narrative profile describing the current legal and Use 3tatUS Of this species In the Commonwealth.of Penny3lvanla. If the species is recognized as endangered. threatened, or & species Of special concern, Indicate the reasons for the special status and factors that may be threatening to Populations of the 3peCle3. For federally listed species, Include the date Of listing, whether 'or not a federal recovery plan exists, and where designated critleal habitats have been identified in Pennsy'.Ivania. Also, Indicate all federal and state agencies that have executive, -legislative, or other designated responsibilities for this 3ptCitS and describe the nature of this responsibility following the agency name. Provide appropriate reference codes including page number(s) for all information, and record the complete citation In the FEFERENCE . section at the back of this workbook. Note: In developing this narrative, It may be helpful to be aware-of the 3t3tU3 categories that are Included in the checklist that follows. B References for Status (enter the reference codes for all TefeTences used in compiling the en:ries in this section, separate each reference code with a com:ma): C. Status Checklist Check all the status categories,that apply to the species. Code Status Definition F-E Federal Endangered Species is officially classified by the Federal Government as being in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range. (Consult the Federal Register listing in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual.) F-T Federal Threatened Species is officially classified by the Federal Government as being likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant part of its range. (Consult the Federal Registe-r listing in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual.) F-P Federal Proposed Species is officially identified by the Federal Government as being threatened and has been proposed for listing. (Consult the Federal Register listings in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual.) -------- -- F-C Federal Candidate Species is officially identified by the Federal Goverment as under review or consideration for listing as an endangered or threatened species. (Consult the Federal Register listings in the Species Workbook Supp lemental Manual.) S-E State Endangered Species Is officia lly classified by the responsible State Govern- sent agency (Came Commission or Fish Commission) as endangered. S-T State Threatened Species is officially classified by the responsible State Goverment agency (Game Commission or Fish Co=ission) as threatened. Code Status Definition S-SC Rtate Special Concern Species is officially classified by the Species responsible State Government agency (G.-%=e Commission or Fish Commission) as a species of special concern. S-Su State Status Species is officially recognized by the Undetermined responsible State Goverment agency (Game Commission or Fish Commission) as status undetermined or status indeterminate. -S_X State Extirpated Species is officially classified by the responsible State Goverment agency (Game Commission or Fish Commission) as extir-- pated. These generally include species that have disappeared from Peronsylvania, but still exist elsewhere. For birds, includes species that do not presently test in Pennsylvania, but did at one time. MIGRATORY Federal Migratory Species is officially recognized by the Federal Governnent as a migratory bird in 50 CFR. (Consult the Species Workbook Su plemental Manual fo r a complete listing.@ CMOMR C IAL Cc---rcial Species is commercially harvested for fur or flesh value. CONSU.MP-REC Consumptive Rec- Species is harvested recreationally for fur, reational flesh, or trophy value and its defined as such by State or Federal Law; may be of- ficially classified as "protected". 1'non- game". or."vild" animal. NON-CONSUMP-REC Not-wmsumptive Species is not defined by State or Federal Recreational law as a species to be harvested recrea- tionally; may be officially classified as of protected", "nongame", or "wild" animal. INDICATOR biological Indicator Species vhose occurrence indicates environ- mental quality (e.g., presence indicates low SENSITIVE Sensitive levels of dissolved oxygen). Species especially susceptible to environ- mental perturbation (e.g.. raptor breeding success has been closely tied to pesticide application and exposure). UNCLASSIFIED Unclassified Species has no recognized status in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or its status does not correspond to any of the above categories. SPECIES DISTPIBMON The following sections have been designed to record the species distribution in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. First, the species distribution shou-d be described in "narrative" form. Each item of information presented in this narrative should be referenced In the Narrative Peference section. After th,e narrative is completed, this information can then be used to fill out the remaining distribution Sections [County distribution, distribution by watershed (OWDC Hydrologic Units), 1:24,000 Scale USGS Maps, latitude/longitude point locations. etc.]. Consider and use the following DEFINITIONS in completing the distribution section of this workbook: Occurrence - a species occurs in an area if it breeds, winters, or significantly uses habitat in that area. A species would occur in an area if the ani-mal occurs there sometime during the year and the presence of that area served some vital or essential role in the animal's life Cycle (even though habitat utilization may not be considered great). When defining the species occurrencet remember that you are specifying those areas in which the species will be considered in environmental studies, research project planning, management planning, etc. The following values will be used in recording species occurrence geographically in the Commonwealth: known to occur. known not to occur, occurrenCe is unkn:wn. U3e the following guideline and definitions to interpret reports and otner da:.a sources for recording species distribution and occurrence: Known to occur: a species has "known" occurrence in an area If there exists recorded 3ightin&S, specimen data, and documentation/evidence that suggest occurrence (e.g., 31&hting3 in an area of previously -documented ocurrence), or documentation /evidence judged by professional, expert opinion to be -valid. Pange Maps might, but do not necessarily, qualify or meet these criteria. Occurrence.MU3t Qualify as defined above, Known not to occur: a species is "known not to occur" in an area, i.e., area is outside the range of the species distribution. This value only applies for County Distribution. Unknown: A species occurrence In the area Is unknown, Le., unable to determine from the available Information base or from expert opinion whether species occurrence Is *known" in an area or whether the species is "known not to occur" in an area. 6 0 A Distribution Narrative The Distribution Narrative section is provided for compiling a complete profile-of the species distribution within Pennyslvanis. The schematic below is provided for mapping the species distribution. This na rrative will provide the core or base for data recorded in subevent distribution Sections and the database. Individuals accessing the datatase should find'in this narrative a complete and concise description of known locations of the species and/or poplation of the species, and be able to discern breeding Locations, wintering locations, and areas of migratory occurrences, In the first paragraph, provide a brief description of the species current and historic distribution in the Commonwealth. (This paragraph should b; brief and concise, not exceeding 3-4 sentences or 10 lines of text.) In the next paragraphs, highlight areas of year-round occurrence, seascnal occurrence, and migratory occurrence. If the species is migratory on:y in Pennsylvania, indicate the general migratory movement pattern (e.g. by major water drainage or mountain chain) and general dates of movement. When describing the species distribution in these paragraphs, first indicate the general area of occurrences (region, county, watershed, national forest, game lands, state park/forest, etc.), then record information (if feasib.'e) on site locations using reference points such AS cities, road S/MileP03t3, topographic festure elevations, rivers/Streams/reservoirs, uads, latitude/longitude, UTM coordinates, etc. Be sure that Possible occurrence (speculation and professional opinion) is noted 93 such, and that the occurrence type or mode is indicated (i.e., breeds in the following locations: winters in the following locations: etc.). Information related to relative abundance might also be included when available. If precise distribution 13 considered too sensitive or secure to present in this workbook and the database give the name, title, Affiliation, addre33, and business telephone number of the per3on(3) maintaining this information. Make certain that the individual(s) 13 COn3Ulted prior to providing the Information. Be certain to follow each Item of distribution Information with the reference code Indicating the source of information, e.g., known to occur In southeastern 6P4e4nn32y0lV4gn6i8a In the C4OU4nt2I403 of Chester. Delaware. and Berks 4(2G0r3:21, 3695:1248-16, 11:14694)," Note that persons providing expert op2in ion8/6int4erpr8e tat ion are Considered a reference and should be assigned a reference code and cited In the REFERENCE section at the back of this workbook. 7 0 Map, the species distribution below and narratively describe the digestion instructed above In the space provided below and on the following pages. FOR BIRDS ONLY Area location Breeding locations Point locatiom Wintering localions Migration corridors In North America,the Brant ranges mainly along the Atlantic Coast (03:74). Distribution maps may be found in Robbins (01:40) and Peterson (08:map 22). According to the A.O.U., the Brant: breeds in North America from Prince Patrick, Melville and Ellesmere islands south to Northern Keewatin (Adelaide Peninsula), Prince of Wales Island (probably), and Southampton, Coats and western Baffin islands, and inthe Paleartic in northern Greenland, Spitsbergen and Franz Josef Land; and in North America from western (Kuskokwim Bay) and northern Alaska east to northern Mackenzie and Banks, Melville and Prince Patrick islands (probably also Victoria Island), and in the Palearticalon the coast of Siberia east to the Chukotski Peninsula and Anadyrland (09:68-69). B. Peferences for Distribution (enter the reference codes-for all references U3ed in compiling the entries in this section, separate each r-eference code. with a comma): C. Statewide Pesident Status Check the one category that best describes the species' resident 3tatU5 in the Commonwealth. Code Status Definition PES-B Breeding Pt31dent Specie3 primarily present during the Only breeding season only. PES-W Winter Pesident Species only present during most or all Only of the winter months. FES_YP Year-round Species breeds in Pennsylvania and is Pesident present year-round. MIGFANT Migratory Species Species does not occur in Pennsylvania year-round or for an extended time period as described above, (i.e. is. not a breeding or winter resident). Pensylvania is Used only as a migration corridor. UNKNOWN Unknown Species for which 30 few records exist in Pennsylvania that it cannot be classified into a different resident status cateogory. D. Distribution by County Complete the table that follows Indicating species occurrence at the county level, seasonal occurrence within the counties In which the species *occurs", and species :relative abundance within counties in which the species "occurs". Your entries in this table must correspond with information presented in the Distribution Narrative (Section A). Use the following codes and definitions In completing the table. Occurrence c odes and definitions are those defined earlier in the definition3. Occurrence Codes 0 -Known to occur N -Known not to occur X -Occurrence 13 unknown 2. Seasonal occurrence codes should be entered for counties In which the Species is "known to occur". If the species does not occur in a county, or its occurence In a county is unknownt do not make an entry in that county blank for Seasonal occurrence* Seasonal Occurrence Codes S... - Spring Migration only SB.. - Spring Migration/Breeding Season S.F. - Sprint Migration/Fall Migration S..W - Spring Migration/Winter Season SBF. - Spring Migration/Breeding Season/Fall, Migration SB.W - Spring Migration/Breeding SeasonrWinter Season S.FW - Spring Migration/Fall Migration/Winter Season B.. - Breeding Season only BF. - Breeding Season/Fall Migration .B.W - Breeding Season/Winter Season BTV - Breeding Se&3on/Fall Migration/Winter Season ..T. - Fall Migration only ..Fl@ - Fall Migration/Winter Season - Winter Season only SBFW - Year-round Pesident XXU - Occurrence In the county by season is unknown Abundance codes should be entered for counties in which the 3pecies is 'known to occur". If the Species does not occur In a county, or its occurrence in a county is unknown, do not make an entry in that county blank for relative species abundance. Abundance Codes A - abundant (occurs regularly or In large numbers In appropriate habitat or season or is fr*quently observed) C - medium abundance Use., common - occurs in small numbers in appropriate habitat or season; observed occasionally in prime habitat) U - low abundant* (I.*., Iuncommon - occupies a small percentage of suitable habitat; Occupies M very specific limited habitat; very few individuals observed In prime habitat) X - abundance In county Is unknown 12 Seasonal Occurrence Occurrence Abundance County Name Code Code Code ALL COUNTIES AdSM3 Allegheny Armstrong Beaver Bedford Berk3 Blair Bradford Buck3 Butler Cambria Cameron Carbon Centre Che3ter Clarion Clearfield Clinton Columbia Crawford Cumberland Dauphin Delaware E.lk Erie Fayette Fore3t Franklin Fulton Greene Huntingdon Indiana Jefferson Juniata of 1121#1 of IIIVOIIII of of fell Rings II is me III so of I of not occurrence Codes Seasonal Occurrence Codes Abundance Codes o - znavn to occur S... -Spring Migration only A - Abu4sat y - LrAwn not to occur St.. -Spring Kilratiou/breeding Season C - Hadium abundance. I - occurrence is uWwovu S. F. -Spring Kitration/Vall Migration U - Low abundance S..W -Spring Migration/Winter Season X - Abundance is makwwn SBF..- Spring Mitration/bre*ding Season/Fall Migration S1.W - Spring MIgration/Breeding Uason/Winter Season S.F`W - Spring Migr&tion/Fall Migration/Winter Season .1.. -treading Season only .IT. -Breading Season/Fall Migration .I.W -Breeding Season/Winter Season AFV - Breading Sesson/Fall Kigratlon/Winttr Season fall Migration only Ty - Fall Misr-stion/Winter Season W -Winter Season only SBFW - Year-round resident 13 Sea3onal Occurrence Occurrence Abundance County Name Code Code Code Lackawanna Lanca3ter Lawrence Lebanon Lehigh Luterne Lycoming McKean Mercer Mifflin Monroe Montgomery Montour Northampton Northumberland Perry Philadelphia Pike Potter Schuylkill Snyder Somer3et Sullivan SU3quehanna Tioga Union Venango Warren W&3hington Wayne We3tworeland Wyoming Tork 11* 161621#401111151166196 so I *off a 1111111#111 of I logo aloof a 110#90 1 Occurrence Codes Seasonal Occurrence Codes@ Abundanct Codes 0 - Known to occur S... - Spring Migration only A - Abundant IN - KDWOft not to occur So.. - Spring Migration/grotding Season C - Medium abundance X - Occurrence is unknown S. F.- Spring Kigration/fall KILration U - Low abundance S.-W - Spring Migration/Winter Season I - Abundance is vnkawn SIT. - Spring Kigrationfireeding Season/Fall Migration SS.W - Spring MigTation/lre*ding Season/Winter Season S.FW - Spring Migration/fall Kigratlea/Winter Season I..- breeding Season only .5F. - Breeding Season/fall Migration .5.W - Ueading Seasontwintor season .SFW - breeding Seaaon/Fall MigrationlWinter Season ..F. - Fall Migration only ..FW - Fall Kisration/Winter Season ...W - Victor Season Duly SIFU - Year-round resident E= - Occurrence In the county by season Is unknown 14 0 General Distribution E. Di3trlbutionby Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) Hydro,ogic Units In Pennsylvania NOTE: OWDC hydrologic Units refer to watersheds in the state, not aquatic habitats Only; therefore, complete this section for all species. For bird species, entries should correspond with "resident" occurrence (breeding, wintering, year-round occurrenet3). Using the map provided below (or the large scale - 1:500 000 USCS Hydrologic Unit Map of Pennsylvania) and the checklist On the next iwo pages. check all the OWDC hydrologic Units (watersheds) In which the species "occur". If the species 13 found statewide and in all watersheds, check "all" at the top of the list. Your entries should correspond with county level occurrence information (Section D) and the Distribution Narrative (Section A). Area locatioa 200 Point location E. Distribution by OWDC Hydrologic Units (continued) Species occurs in all OWDC hydrologic units to cataloging unit level as displayed on the USGS Hydrologic Unit Map. Species does not occur statewide (i.e., in all OWDC hydrologic units), but occurs in the following units: Code Definition 02040101 Upper Delaware:Upper Delaware 02040103 Upper Delaware:Lackawaxen 02040104 Upper Delaware:Middle Delaware-Mongaup-Brodhead 02040105 Upper Delaware:Middle Delaware-Musconetcong 02040106 Upper Delaware:Lehigh 02040201 Lower Delaware:Crosswicks-Neshaminy 02040202 Lower Delaware:Lower Delaware 02040203 Lower Delaware:Schuylkill 02040205 Lower 4Delaware:Brand)-wine-Christina 02050101 Upper Susuehanna: Upper Susuehanna 02050103 Upper Susuehanna:Dwego-Wappasening 02050104 Upper Susuehanna:Tioga 02050105 Upper Susuehanna:Chemung 02050106 Upper Susuehanna:Upper Susuehanna-Tunkhannock 02050107 Upper Susuehanha:Upper Susuehanna-Lackawanna 02050201 West Branch Susuehanna:Upper West Branch Susuehanna 02050202 West Branch Susuehanna:Sinneirahoning 02050203 West Branch Susuehanna:Middle West Branch Susuehanna 02050204 West Branch Susuehanna:Bald Eagle 02050205 West Branch Susuehanna:Pine 02050206 West Branch Susuehanna:Lower West Branch Susuehanna 02050301 Lower Susuehanna:Lower Susuehanna-Penns 00503022 Lower Susuehanna:Upper Juniata 02050303 Lower Susuehanna:Raystown 02050304 Lower Susuehann&:Lower Juniata 02050305 Lower Susuehanna:Lower Susuehanna-Swatara 02050306 Lower Susuehanna:Lower Susuehanna 02060002 Upper Chesapeake:Chester-Sassafras 02606083 Upper Chesapeake:Gunpowder-Patapsco 02070002 Poto6mac:Nortb Branch Potomac 02070003 Poto6mac:C0&capon-Town 02070004 Pot0o00mac:Conococheague-Open 02070009 Potomac:Monocacy 04110003 Soutbern Lake Erie:Ashtabula 04120101 Eastern Lake Erie:Chautauua-Con6neaut 04120200 Lake Erie:Lake Erie E. Distribution by OWDC Hydrologic Units (continued) Code Definition - 04130002 Southwestern Lake Ontario:Upper Genesee - 05010001 Allegheny:Upper Allegheny - 05010002 Allegheny:Conewango - 05010003 Allegheny:Middle Allegheny - 05010004 Allegheny:French - 05010005 Allegheny:Clarion - 05010006 Allegheny:Middle Allegheny-Redbank - 05010007 Allegheny:Conemaugh - 05010008 Allegheny:Kiskiminetas - 05010009 Allegheny:Lower Allegheny - 05020003 Monongahela:Upper Monongahela - 05020004 Monongahela:Cheat - 05020005 Monongahela:Lower Monongahela - 05020006 Monongahela:Youghiogheny - 05030101 Upper Ohio:Upper Ohio - 05030102 Upper Ohio:Shenango - 05030103 Upper Ohio:Mahoning - 05030104 Upper Ohio:Beaver - 05030105 Upper Ohio:Connouenessing - 05030106 Upper Ohio:Upper Ohio-Wheeling 17 F. Distribution by Ecoregions a nd Land Surface FormB 182 Penrsy2varia NOTE: Complete this section for all Special3o, Ecore go are designed to stratify ecologically similar areas based on vegetation, 30113, Climate, and other factors. They are named after a vegetation type characteristic of the area and secondarily by landform. Although an animal species 08Y not specifically with the particular vegetation type andior landform used to name a region (e.g. Appalachian Oak Forest, High HI), if It Roccur in that map unit, it should be marked as occurring in that ecoregion. U31ng the ecoregion map provided below and the checklist on the next page, check all ecoregion In which the species "occurs". For descriptions and definitions 'consult the notes In the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual. Bird species entr1e3 should correspond with "resident" occurrence (i.e., bree6di-ng, wintering, year-round occurrences). All entries should correspond with county level occurrence information (Section D), and the D13tribution Narrative (Section A). F. Distribution by Ecoregion and Land Surfaee Forms in Pernsyvania 1,ccr t.) Species occurs in all Ecortgions and Land Surface For in Pennsyvania as displayed on the preceding map, Species does not occur statewide (i.e., In all Ecoregions and Land Surface Forms In POnn3YIvania), but occurs In the following units: Code Definition - 2113B2b Northern Hardwoods Forest, 50-80% gently Sloping, 100-300 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope 13 in lowland - 2113B3c Northern Hardwoods Fort3to, 50-80% gently sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-755 of gentle slope 13 on upland - 2113C4c Northern Hardwoods Forg3tv 20-50% gently slopingo 500-1000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope 13 on upland - 2113C4d Northern Hardwoods Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, more than 75% of gentle slope is on upland - 2113C5& Northern Hardwoods Forest, 2()-5C% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, more than 75% of gentle slope is in lowland - 2113C5c Northern Hardwoods Forest, 20-501 gently Sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, 50-75%1p gentle slope 13 on upland - 2113D50 Northern Hardwoods Forest, less than 20% gently. sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation - 221IC4c Mixed Me30PhYtic Forest, 20,-50% gently sloping, 500-100 ft. elevation, 50-75% Of gentle slope is on upland - 2211C5c Mixed Me30phytic Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland - 221ID40 Mixed Me3ophytic Forest. less than 20% gently sloping, ft. elevation - 2212B2b Beech-Maple Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 100-300 ft. elevation' 50-75% of gentle slope is in lowland - 2212B3c Beach-Maple For03t9 50-60% gently sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is an upland - 2214A10 Appalachian 300-500 ft. elOak Forest, more than 80% gently sloping, 0-100 ft. elevationAppalachian Oak Forest, 50-80% gen.tly sloping, 100-300 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope Is on upland - 2214B3b Appalachian Oak Forestg 2214AZb Appalachian Oak Forest, more then 80% gently sloping, 100-300 ft. - ft. elevation, 50-75% of go ntle slope 13 In lowland - 2214B2c 50-80% gently slopingo evation, 8SO8-75% of gentle slope Is on lowland - 221848c Appalachian Oak Forests 50-80% gently Sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75S of gentle slope Lson upland - 221448a Appalachian Oak Forest,, 50-6860% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, less than 75% of gentle Slope Is In lowland - 2214C4c Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-504% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. 4e2l4ev4at2I4ont 50-75% of gentle slope 13 an upland 19 F. Distribution by Ecoregions and Land Surface Forms in Pennsylvania (cont.) Code Definition 2214C4d Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-50%. gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation, more than 75% of gentle slope is on upland 2214C5a Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, less than 75% of gentle slope is in lowland 2214C5c Appalachian Oak Forest, 20-50% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland 2214D40 Appalachian Oak Forest, less than 20% gently sloping, 500-1000 ft. elevation 2214D50 Appalachian Oak Forest, less than 20% gently sloping, 1000-3000 ft. elevation 232OB3c Southern Mixed Forest, 50-80% gently sloping, 300-500 ft. elevation, 50-75% of gentle slope is on upland G. Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation Types In Pennsylvania NOTE: Complete th13 Section for all species. Potential natural vegetation types are vegetation types that would exist today if man were removed and plant succession after his removal were telescoped Into a single moment; however, the effects of man's earlier activities are permitted to stand. AS such the potential natural vegetation type portray the biological potential of a site. Using the map provided below and the checklist on the next page (or a large scale USCS map of potential natural vegetation types), Identify all the potential natural vegetation types In which the species "occurs". Bird species entries should correspond with resident occurrence (i.e., breeding, wintering, year-round occurrences). Keep in mind that if the species "occurs" in the map unit, it should be marked as occurring in the potential natural vegetation type. All entries should correspond with county level occurrence information (Section D) and the Distribution Narrative (Section A). Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation Types in Pennsylvania (cont.) Species occurs in all Potential Natural Vegetation types in Pennsyvanqia as displayed on the preceding page. Species does not occur statewide (i.e., in all Potential Natural Vegetation types in Pennsylvania), but occurs in the following types: Definition Beech-Maple Forest Mixed Mesophytic Forest Appalachian Oak Forest Northern Hardwoods Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest Site-SRecific Distribution E. Distribution by 7 1/2' Quadrangles NOTE: Complete this section for all species. Using the U.S. Geological Survey Index to Topographic Ma p Coverage in Pennsylvania provided in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual, Identify the seven (7) digit USGS 7 1/2' quadrangle code(s) and names that define the species occurrence within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The forma t for quadrangle codes is as follows: WT 71ZZ Ui-OVER (N) (W) The first two digits indicate the reference point latitude in degrees; the third, fourth, and fifth digits indicate the reference point longitude (values are right-justified - all longitudes in PA. would begin with 0, e.g., 80 would be 080); the sixth digit is the vertical one-degree row number counting up from the reference point; and the seventh.digit is the horizontal one-degree cell counting over from the vertical row number. This is diagr - atically described in the appendix to the USCS 7 1/2' (1:24,000) series Quadrangle Map in the Species Workbook Supplemental Manual. All entries should correspond with occurrence infomation provided in the Distribution Narrative (Section A). Species occurs in all 7 1/2' quadrangles in Pennsylvania. Species does not occur statewide, but occurs in the following quadrangle: Quad No. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 3907567 Newark West 3907661 Rising Sun 3907568 Bay View 3907662 Conowingo Dan 3907572 Woodbury 3907663 Delta 3907573 Bridgeport 3907664 Fawn Grove 3907574 Marcus Book 3907665 Norrisville 3907575 Wilmington North 3907666 New Freedom 3907576 Kennett Square 3907667 Lineboro 39C7577 West Grove 3907668 Manchester 3907578 Oxford 3907671 Kirkwood 3907581 Camden 3907672 Wakefield 3907582 Philadelphia 3907673 Holtwood 3907583 14msdovae 3907674 Airville 3907594 Media 390 7675 Stewartstown 3907585 West Chester 3907676 Glen Rock 3907586 Unionville 3907677 Seven Valleys 3907587 Coatesville 3907678 Hanover 3907588 Parkesburg 3907681 Cap 3907682 Quarryville 3907683 Conestoga 23 Quad Nc. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 3907684 Safe Harbor 3907961 Avilton 3907685 Red Lion 3907962 Grantsville 3907686 York 3907963 Accident 3907687 West York 3907964 Friendsville (MD) 3907688 Abbottstown 3907965 Brandonville 3907966 Bruceton Mills 3907761 Littlestown 3907967 Lake Lynn 3907762 Taneytown 3907968 Morgantown North 3907763 Emmitsburg 3907971 Meyersdale 3907764 Blue Ridge Summit 3907972 Markleton 3907765 Smithsburg 3907973 Confluence 3907766 Hagerstown 3907974 Ohiopyle 3907767 Mason Dixon 3907975 Ft Necessity 3907768 Clear Spring 3907976 Brownfield 3907771 Mc Sherrystown 3907977 Smithfield 3907772 Gettysburg 3907978 Masontown 3907773 Fairfield 3907981 Murdock 3907774 Iron Springs 3907982 Rockwood 3907775 Waynesboro 3907983 Kingwood 3907776 Greencastle 3907984 Mill Run 3907777 Williamson 3907985 South Connellsville 3907778 Mercersburg 3907986 Uniontown 3907781 Hampton 3907987 New Salem 3907782 Biglerville 3907988 Carmichaels 3907783 Arendtsville 3907784 Caledonia Park 3908061 Osage 3907785 Scotland 3908062 Blacksville 3907786 Chambersburg 3908063 Wadestown 3907787 St Thomas 3908064 Hundred 3907788 Mc Connellsburg 3908065 Littleton 3908071 Garards Fort 3907861 Cherry Run 3908072 Oak Forest 3907862 Hancock (WV) 3908073 Holbrook 3907863 Bellegrove 3908074 New Freeport 3907864 Artemas 3908075 Cameron (WV) 3907865 Flintstone 3908081 Mather 3907866 Evitts Creek 3908082 Waynesburg 3907867 Cumberland 3908083 Rogersville 3907868 Frostburg 3908084 Wind Ridge 3907871 Big Cove Tannery 3908085 Majorsville 3907872 Needmore 3907873 Amaranth 4007417 Bristol 3907874 Chaneysville 4007418 Beverly 3907875 Beans Cove 4007426 Trenton East 3907876 Hyndman 4007427 Trenton West 3907877 Fairhope 4007428 Langhorne 3907878 Wittenberg 4007437 Pennington 3907881 Meadow Grounds 4007438 Lambertville 3907882 Breezewood 4007448 Stockton 3907883 Mench 3907884 Clearville 4007511 Frankford 3907885 Rainsburg 4007512 Germantown 3907886 Buffalo Mills 4007513 Norristown 3907887 New Baltimore 4007514 Valley Forge 3907888 Berlin 24 0 uad No. uad Na e uad No. Ou@ Name 4007515 Malvern 4007585 Pohcpoco Mtn 4007516 Downingtown 4007586 Christmans 4007517 Wagontown 4007587 Weatherly 4007518 Honey Brook 4007568 Hazleton 4007521 Hatboro 4007522 Ambler 4007611 New Holland 4007523 Lansdale 4007612 Leola 4007524 Collegeville 4007613 Lancaster 4007525 Phoenixville 4007614 Columbia East 4007526 Pottstown 4007615 Columbia West 4007527 Elverson 4007616 York Haven 4007528 Morgantown 4007617 Dover 4007531 Buckingham 4007618 Wellsville 4007532 Doylestown 4007621 Terre Hill 4007533 Telford 4007622 Ephrata 4007534 Perkio0wnville 4007623 Lititz 4007535 Sassamansville 4007624 Manheim 4007536 Boyertown 4007625 Elizabettown 4007537 Birdsboro 4007626 Middletown 4007536 Reading 4007627 Steelton 4007541 Lumberville 4007628 Lemoyne 4007542 Bedminster 4007631 Sinking Spring 4007543 uakertown 4CO7632 TWomelsdorf 4007544 Milford Suare 4007633 Richland 4007545 East GreEnville 4007634 Lebanon 4007546 Manatawny 4007635 Fal=yra 4007547 Fleetwood 4007636 Hershey, 4007548 Temple 4007637 Harrisburg East 4007551 Frenchtown 4007638 Harrisburg West 4007552 6Riegelsville 4007641 Bernvil3e 4007553 Hellertown 4007642 Strausstown 4007554 Allentown East 4007643 Bethel 4007555 Allentown West 4007644 Fredericksburg 4007556 Topton 4007645 Indiantown Cap 4007557 Kutztown 4007646 Grantville 4007558 Hamburg 4007647 Enders 4007562 Easton 4007648 Halifax 4007563 Nazareth 4007651 Auburn 4007564 Catasauua 4007652 Friedensburg 4007565 Camenton 4007653 Swatara Hill 4007566 Slatedale 4007654 Pine Grove 4007567 New Tripoli 4007655 Tower City 4007568 New Ringgold 4007656 Lykens 4007571 Belvidere 4007657 Elizabethville 4007572 Bangor 4007658 Millersburg 4007573 wind Gap 4007661 Orwigsburg 4007574 28Ku0r36l0l4etown 4007662 Pottsville 4007575 Palmerton 4007663 Minersville 4007576 l6ah6ig28bton 4007664 Tremont 4007577 36N4e4s2u0eh0o04ning 4007665 Valley View 84007578 Tamaua 4007666 24Klingerstown 4007581 Portland 4007667 Pillow 4007582 Stroudsburg 4007668 Dalmatia 4007583 Sa6ylor4sburg 4007671 Delano 84007584 8Brodheadsville 4007672 Shenandoah 25 0 uad No. uad Nwne uad No. uad Name 4007673 Ashland 4007758 Donation 4007674 Mt Carmel 4007761 Richfield 4007675 Shamokin 4007762 Beaver Springs 4007676 Trevorton 4007763 Mc Clure 4007677 Sunbury 4007764 Alfarata 4007678 Freeburg 4007765 Burnham 4007681 Conyngham 4007766 Barrville 4007682 Nuremberg 4007767 Mc Alevys Fort 4007768 Pine Grove 4007683 Shumans 4Ma 4007684 Catawissa 4007771 Middleburg 4007685 Danville 4007772 Beavertown 4007686 Riverside 4007773 Weikert 4007687 Northumberland 4007774 Coburn 4007688 Lewisburg 4007775 Spring Mills 4007776 Centre Hall 4007711 Dillsburg 4007777 State College 4007712 Mount Holly Springs 4007778 Julian 4007713 Dickinson 4007781 Mifflinburg 4007714 Walnut Bottom 4007782 Hartleton 4007715 Shippensburg 4007783 Woodward 4007716 Roxbury 4007784 Hillheir 4007717 Tannettsburg 4007785 Madisonburg 4007718 Buint Cabins 4007766 Thingoville 4007721 Mechanicsburg 4007787 Bellefonte 4007722 Carlisle 4007788 Bear Knob 4007723 Plainfield 4007724 Newville 4007811 Hustontown 4007725 Newburg 4007812 Wells Tannery 4007726 Doylesburg 4007813 Everett East 4007727 Shade Gap 4007814 Everett West 4007728 Orbisonia 4007815 Bedford 4007731 Wertzville 4 007816 Schellsburg 4007732 Shermansdale 4007817 Central City 4007733 Landisburg 4007818 Stoystown 4007734 Andersonburg 4007821 Saltillo 4007735 Blain 4007822 Saxton 4007736 Blairs Mills 4007823 Hopewell 4007737 Aughwick 4007824 New Enterprise 4007738 Butler Knob 4007825 Alum Bank 4007741 Duncannon 4007826 Ogletcvn 4007742 Newport 4007827 Windbur 4D0O7743 Icesburg 4007828 Hooversville 4007744 Spruce Hill 4007831 CassVille 4007745 Me Coysville 4007832 Entriken 4007746 Me Veytow0n 4007833 Martinsburg 4007747 Newton Hamilton 4D6O78634 Roaring Spring 4007748 Mount Union 4007835 Blue Knob 4007751 Reward 44007836 Beaverdale 4007752 Millerstown 4007837 Gei0stown 4007753 Mexico 4007838 Johnstovn 40077584 Miffli0ntovn 44007841 Huntingdon 4007755 Levittown 04007842 Williamsburg 4007756 Belleville 4007843 Frankstown 4007757 Allensville 4007844 Hollidaysburg 0 Quad No. Quad - Name Quad No. Quad Name 4007845 Cresson 4007931, Wilpen 4007846 Ebensburg 4007933 Derry 4007847 Narity Glo 4007934 Latrobe 4007848 Vintondale 4007935 Greensburg 4007851 Alexandria 4007936 Irwin 4007852 Spruce Creek 4007937 Mc Keesport 4007853 Bellwood 4007938 Glassport 4007854 Altoona 4007941 New Florence 4007855 Ashville 4007942 Bolivar 4007856 Carrolltown 4007943 Blairsville 4007857 Colver 4007944 Saltsburg 4007858 Strongstown 4007945 Slickville 4007861 Franklinville. 4007946 Murrysville 4007862 Tyrone 4007947 Braddock 4007863 Tipton 4007948 Pittsburgh East 4007864 Blandburg 4007951 Brush Valley 4007865 Coalport 4007952 Indiana 4007866 Hastings 4007953 Mc Intyre 4007867 Barnesboro, 4007954 Avonmore 4007868 Commodore 4007955 Vandergrift 4007871 Port Matilda 4007956 New Kensingtcn East 4007872 Sandy Ridge 4007957 New Kensington West 4007873 Houtzdale 4007958 Glenshaw 4007874 Ramey 4007961 Clyme r 4007875 Irvona 4007962 Ernest 4007876 Westover 007963 Elderton 4007877 Burnside 4007964 Whitesburg 4007878 Rochester Mills 4007965 Leechburg 4007881 Black Moshannon 4007966 Freeport 4007882 Philipsburg 4007967 Curtisville 4007883 Wallaceton 4007968 Valencia 4007884 Glen Richey 4007971 Marion Center 4007885 Curwensville 4007972 Plumville 4007886 Mahaffey 4007973 Rural Valley 4007867 McGees Mills 4007974 Mosgrove 4007888 Punxsutawney 4007975 Kittanning 4007976 Worthington 4007911 Somerset 4007977 Saxonburg 4007912 Bakersville, 4007978 Butler 4007913 Seven Springs 4007961 Valier 4007914 Donegal 4007982 Dayton 4007915 Connellsville 4D07983 Distant 4007916 Dawson 240079084 Templeton 4007917 Fayette City 4007985 Last Brady 4007918 California 4007986 Chicora 4007921 Boswell 4007987 east Butler 4D0O7922 Ligonier 40079088 Mt Chestnut 84007923 Stahlstown 4007924 Mamoth 4007925 Mt Pleasant 4000.7926 Smithtown 44007927 Donora 44007928 Monongahela 4007931 Rachelwood 27 quad No. Quad Name Quad_N@,. Quad Nane 400BOll Ellsworth 4107514 Pocono Pines 4008012 Amity 4107515 Blakeslee 4008013 Prosperity 4107516 Hickory Rian 4008014 Claysville 4107517 White Haven 4008015 Valley Grove 4107518 Freeland 4009021 Hackett 4107521 Twelve Mile Pond 4008022 Washington East 4107522 Skytop 4008023 Washington West 4107523 Buck Hill Falls 4008024 West Middletown 4107524 Tobyhanna 4008025 Bethany 4107525 Thornhurst 4008031 Bridgeville 4107526 Pleasant View Sur_-At 4008032 Cannonsburg 4107527 Wilkes-Barre Last 4008033 Midway 4107528 16-ilkes-Barre West 4008034 Avella 4107531 Pecks Pond 4008035 Steubenville East 4107532 Promised Land 4008041 Pittsburgh West 4107533 Newfoundland 4008042 Oakdale 4107534 Sterling 4008043 Clinton 4107535 Moscow 4006044 Burgettstown 4107536 Avoca 4008045 Weirton 4107537 Pittston 4008051 Emsworth 4107538 Kingston 4008052 Ambridge 4107541 Rowland 4008053 Aliquippa 4107542 Hawley 4008054 Hookstown 4107543 Lakeville 4008055 Last Liverpool South 4107544 Lake Ariel 4008061 Mars 4107545 Olyphant 4008062 Baden 4107546 Scranton 4008063 Beaver 4107541 Ransom 4008064 Midland 4107548 Center Moreland 4008065 Last Liverpool North 4107551 Narrowsburg 4008071 Evans City 4107552@ White Mills 4008072 Zelienople 4107553 Honesdale 4008073 Beaver Falls 4107554 Waymart 4008074 New Galilee 4107555 Carbondale 4008075 'East Palestine 4107556 Dalton 4008081 Prospect 4107557 Factoryville 4008082 Portersville 4107558 Tunkhannock 4008083 New Castle South 4107561 Damascus 4008084 Bessemer 4107562 Galilee 4008085 New Middletown 4107563 Aldenville 4107564 Forest City 4107418 Flatbrookville 4107565 Clifford 4107427 Culvers Gap 4107566 Lenoxville 4107428 Lake Maskenozha 4107567 Hop Bottom 4107436 Port Jervis South 4107568 Springville 4107437 Milford 4107571 Callicoon 4107438 Edgemere 4107572 Long Eddy 4107446 Port Jervis Worth 4107573 lake Cozo 4107447 Pond Udy 4107574 Orson 4107448 Shohola 4107575 7boupson 4107458 Eldred (NY) 4107576 Harford 4107577 Montrose East 4107511 Bushkill 4107578 Montrose West 4107512 East Stroudsburg 4107583 Hancock 4107513 Mount Pocono 4107584 Starrucca 28 Quad No. Qua d Name Quad No. Quad %ane 4107585 Susquehanna 4107672 Le Raysville 4107586 Great Bend 4107673 Rome 4107587 Franklin Forks 4107674 Towanda 4107588 Laurel Lake 4107675 Ulster 4107611 Sybertsville 4107676 Last Troy 4107677 Troy 4107612 Berwick 4107678 Roseville 4107613 Mifflinville 4107681 FTiendsville 4107614 Bloomsburg 4107682 little Meadows 4107615 Millville, 4107683 Windham 4107616 Washingtonville 4107684 Litchfield 4107617 Milton 4107685 Sayre 4107618 Allenwood 4107686, Bentley.Creek 4107621 Nanticoke 4107667 Gillett 4107622 Shickshinny 41076BB Y!illerton 4107623 Stillwater 4107624 Benton 4107711 Williamsport 51 4107625 Lairdsville, 4107712 Carroll 4107626 Hughesville A107713 Loganton 4107627 Muncy 4107714 Mill Hall 4107628 Montoursville South 4107715 Beech Creek 4107631 Harveys Lake 4107716 Howard 4107632 Sweet Valley 4107717 Snow Shoe SE 4107633 Red Rock 4107718 Snow Shoe 4107634 Elk Prove 4107721 Williamsport 4107635 Sonestown 4107722 Linden 4107636 Picture Rocks 4107723 Jersey Shore 4107637 Huntersville 4107724 Lock Haven 4107638 Montoursville North 4107725 Farrandsville 4107641 Noxen 4107726 Howard XW 4107642 Dutch Mtn 4107727 Snow Shoe N"E 4107643 Lopez 4107728 Snow Shoe N`V 4107644 Laporte 4107731 Cogan Station 4107645 Eagles Mere 4107732 Salladasburg 4107646 Hillsgrove 4107733 Waterville 4107647 Barbours 4107734 Jersey Hills 4107648 Bodines 4107735 Glen Union 4107651 Meshoppen 4107736 Renovo East 4107652 Jenningsville 4107737 Renovo West 4107653 Colley 4107738 Keating 4107654 Dushore 4107741 Trout Run 4107655 Overton 4107742 White Pine 4107656 Shunk 4107743 English Center 4107657 Grover 4107744 Ca--1 4107658 Ralston 4107745 Slate Run @4107661 Auburn Center 4107746 Young Womans Creek 4107662 Laceyville 4107747 Tamarack 4107663 Wyalusing 4107748 Hamersley Fork 4107664 Monroeton 4107751 Liberty 4107665 Powell 4107752 Nauvoo 4107666 Leroy 4107753 Morris 4107667 Canton 4107754 Cedar Run 4107668 Gleason 4107755 Lee Fire Tower 4107671 Lawton 41077-56 Oleona 29 [email protected] No. Quad Name No. Quad Name Quad_ 4107757 Short Run 41078"14 Rathbun 4107758 Conrad 4107845 St Marys 4107761 Blossburg 4107846 Ridgway 4107762 Cherry Flats 4107847 Portland Mills 4107763, Antrim 410784B Hallton 4107764 Tiadaghton 4107851 Wharton 4107765 Marshlands 4107852 Emporium Galeton 4107853 Rich Valley 4107767 Cherry Springs 4107854 Wildwood Fire Tower 4107768 Ayers Hill 4107855 Glen Hazel 4107771 Mansfield 4107856 Wilcox 4107772 Crooked Creek 4107857 James City 4107773 Keeneyville 4107858 Russel City 4107774 Asaph 4107861 Austin 4107775 Sabinsville 4107862 Keating Slyrrmit 4107776 West Pike 4107863 Norwich 4107777 Brookland 4107864 Crosby 4107778 Sweden Valley 4107865 Hazel Hurst 4107781 Jackson Summit 4107866 Mt Jewett 4107782. Tioga 4107867 Kane 4107783 Elkland 4107868 Ludlow 4107784 Knoxville 4107871 Coudersport 4107785 Potter Brook 4107872 Roulette 4107786 Harrison Valley 4107873 Port Allegany 4107787 Ulysses 4107874 Smethport 4107788 Ellisburg 4107875 Cyclone 4107876 Lewis Run 4107811 Karthaus 4107877 Westline 4107812 Frenchville .4107878 Cornplanter Bridge 4107813 Lecontes Mills 4107881 Oswayo 4107614 Clearfield 4107882 Shinglehouse 4107815 Elliott Park 4107883 Bullis Mills 4107816 Luthersburg 4107884 Eldred 4107817 Du Bois 4107885 Derrick City 4107818 Re)"noldsville 4107886 Bradford 4107821 Pottersdale Stickney 4107822 Devils Elbow 4107888 Cornplanter Run 4107823 The Knobs 4107824 Huntley 4107911 Coolspring 4107825 Penfield 4107912 Summerville 4107826 Sabula 4107913 New Bethlehem 4107827 Falls Creek 4107914 Sligo 4107828 Hazen 4107915 Rimersburg 4107831 Sinnemahoning, 4107916 Parker 4107832 Driftwood 41079,17 Billiards 4107833 Dents Run 4107918 West Sunbury 4107834 Weedville 4107921 Brookville 4107835 Kersey 4107922 Corsica 4107836 Brandy Camp 4107923 Strattanville 4107837 Carman 4107924 -Clarion 4107838 Munderf 4107925 Knox 4107841 First Fork .4107926 Emlenton 4107842 Cameron 4107927 tau Claire 4107843 West Creek 4107928 Barkeyville 30 0 Quad No. Quad Name Quad No. Quad Name 4107931 Sigel 4108021 Grove City 4107932 Cook-sburg 4108022 Mercer 4107933 Lucinda 4108023 Greenfield 4107934 Tryburg 4108024 Sharon East 4107935 Kossuth 4108OZ5 Sharon West 4107936 Cranberry 4108031 Sandy Lake 4107937 Ken0zerdell 4108032 Jackson Center 4107938 Polk 4108033 Fredonia 4107941 Marienville East 4108034 Sharpoville 4107942 Marienville West 4108035 Orangeville 4107943 Tylersburg 4108041 New Lebanon 4107944 Tionesta 4108042 Hadley 4107945d President 4108043 Greenville East 4107946 Oil City 4108044 Greenville West 4107947 Franklin 4108045 Kinsman 4107948 Utica 4108051 Cochranton 4107951 Lynch 4108052 Geneva 4107952 Mayburg 4108053 Conneaut Lake Kellettville 4108054 Eartstown 4107954 West Hickory 4108055 Andover 4107955 Pleasantville 4108061 Blooming Valley 4108062 Meadville 4107956 Titusville South 4107957 Dempseytown 4108063 Harzonsburg 4107958 Sugar Lake 4108064 Lizesville 4107961 Sheffield 4108065 Leon 4107962 Cherry Grove 4108071 Cambridge Springs 4107963 Cobham 4108072 Edinboro South 4107964 Tidioute 4108073 Conneautville 4107965 Grand Valley 4108074 Beaver Centrs 4107966 Titusville North 4108075 Pierpoint 4107967 Centerville 4108081 Cambridge Springs NZ 4107968 Tovmville 4108082 Edinboro North 4107971 Clarendon 4108083 Albion 4107972 Warren 4108084 East Springfield 4107973 youngsville 4108085 Conneaut 4107974 Pittsfield 4107975 Spring Creek 4207615 Waverly 4107976 Spartimsburg 4207616 Wellsburg 4107977 Jake Cmadohta 4207617 Elmira. 4107978 Millers Station 'A.207618 Seeley Creek 4107981 Scandia 4107992 Russell 4207711 Caton 241079063 Sugar Grove 41079694 Lotteville 4207811 Allentown 41079465 Columbus 4207812 Bolivar 04107986 Corry 64107987 Union City 4207917 Wattsburg 4107988 Waterford 84207918 hamett 8A2607927 North East 4108011 Slippery Rock 4207928 Harborcreek 84108012 Harlansburg 84108013 New Castle North 4208011 Erie South 41068014 Edinburg 44208012 Swanville 4108015 Campbell 4208013 Fairview 4208014 Fairview SW 4208021 Erie North Distribution by Latitude and LongItude NOTE: Complete this section for 1) special Status species, including federal and/or state designations of endangered, threatened, species of special concern, status undetermined, and status indeterminate. and 2) species with a limited resident distribution in Pennsylvania (i.e., species occurring In less than 5% of Pennsylvania Counties). This Section is divided into two data entry parts - In part one point locations should be entered and/or the second part enter & series Of latitude/longitude points that enclose an are& or polygon in which the Species occurs, Latitude and longitude are to be expressed in degrees, Minutes, and seconds. Examples are: latitude 93 20'10", longitude 096 36'15". Latitude and longitude should be entered In the following Parts as a string separated by Commas (e.g., 0320100963615,0320100953620, etc.). All entries In this sction should correspond with occurrence information provided in the Distribution Narrative (Section A). 1. Point Locations - this should be Used for species of very limited distribution to designate occurrence (e.g. bald eagle nests, Indiana bat Caves. etc.). Separate each latitude /longitude string (13 characters) with a comma. LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE 2. Polygon or Areal Locations - use this part to describe a more widespread species, or a species of more general occurrence, (but still falling into one of the above special Status designations). Most appropriately describe the boundary Using a series of latitudes and longitudes that encompass a number of point locations that are Clustered should fully define the species areas of occurrence In regions Of the State. POLYG0N #1: POLYGON #2: 32 POLYGON 03: POLYGON f4: POLYGON f5: POLYGON f6: POLYGON V: 33 POPULATION CHAPLACTERISTICS (STATEWIDE) Complete the following checklists. These checklists are used to summarize information in a consistent format with standard definitions facilitating automated data element search and retrieval. Checklist entries should be consistent with the information presented in the distribution narrative. Check@all categories and values in a category that apply. A. Population Trend (Statewide) Increasing Stable Decreasing No trend B. Reasons for Population Trend Low Reproductive Potential Periphery of Range Overharvesting Disease Predation Environmental Contaminants Herbicides Pesticides/Insecticides Habitat Loss Habitat Improvement Range Expansion (Habitat Addition) Underharvesting High Reproduction Seasonal and Catastrophic Weather Conditions Interspecific Competition Intraspecific Competition C. Population Potential Through Habitat Manipulation Increase <10% Increase 10-25% Increase >25% Decrease <10% Decrease 10-25% Decrease >25% OR I G IN I e following section, describe the species origin within Pennsylvania. (Use terms like native, introduced, reintroduced, exotic. etc.). If the species is not native to Pennsylvania, include descriptive information- concerning the source of animals, etc. Be certain to follow each item of information with the reference code and page numbers that indicate the source of the information. REFERENCES Fecord the complete citations for the references YOU Used to complete this booklet. If the information was from verbal communications with a recognized expert, record the individual expert'3 name, affiliation, and address, and date of communication. A331gn each citation a two (2) digit code number for use in completing the varIOU3 3ectlons of th13 workbook. Enter the references used in " is completing this booklet In sequential order. The fir3t reference number (00, reserved for your name and address,- telephone number, end affiliation - even if you are not referencing yourself in the remainder of the workbook. U3e the following convention when citing reference sources: Author namecs), date, ti'tle, source document, pages in source document. Specific questions should be referenced to the Data Base Manager or the CBE (Council of Biology Editors, 1978) Style Manual. Code Citation 00 APPENDIX D. SEDGE WREN SPECIES ACCOUNT PRIOR TO UPDATING. 2: RECORDS FROM DATASET: PA 3: DATE: 89101123 TIME: 14:18:42 4: SETNAME: A 6: <SPECIES-CODE> 0400153 <GROUP> BIRDS <COMON-NAME> WREN, SEDGE, 7: <SCI-NAME> CISTOTHORUS PLATENSIS <XCOUNTIES> IOOX 8: <STATUS> NON-CONSUNP-REC,SEE COllENTS,S-T <HABITAT> RIPARIAN 9: <TROPHIC-L> <TROPHIC-J> CARNIVORE <TROPHIC-A> CARNIVORE 10: <RIGIN> NATIVE <PAST> UNKNOWN <FUTURE> UNKNOWN <OWNERSHIP> 11: <TERRITORY> ENTIRE <DlSPERSION UNKNOWN <ACRES> UNKNOWN 12: <SQ.MILES> UNKNOWN <PERIODICXTY> DIURNAL,CREPUSCULAR,DAY ONLY 13: <PHYLZN> CHOPZDATA <CLASS> AVES <ORDER> PASSERIFORNES 14: <FAMILY> TROGLODYTIDAE <GENUS> CISTOTHORUS <SPECIES> PLATENSIS 15: <SUBPHYLUM> <SUBCLASS> <SUBORDER> <SUBFAMlLY> <SUBGENUS> 16: <SUBSPECIES> <AUTHORITY> LATHAM <ENTERED> 81107123 <UPDATED> 17: <DUMMY1> <DUMMY2> <DUMMY3> <DUMMY4> <DUMMY5> I8: <DISTRIB-PRES> 19 001,003,005,007,009,011,013,015,017,019,021,023,025,027,029, 20: 031,033,035,037,039,041,043,045,047,049,051,053,055,057,059, 21: 061,063,065,067,069,071,073,075,077,079,081,083,085,087,089, 22: 091,093,095,097,099,101,103,105,107,109,111,113,115,117,119, 23: 121,123,125,127,129,131,133 24: <D-PRES-T> 25: ADAMS,ALLEGHENY,ARMSTRONG,BEAVER,BEDFORD,BERKS,BLAIR,BRADFORD,BUCKS, 26: BUTLER,CAMBRIA,CAMERON,CARBON,CENTRE,CHESTER,CLARION,CLEARFIELD, 27: CLINTON, COLUMBIA, CRAWFORD, CUMBERLAND, DAUPHIN, DELAWARE, ELK, ERIE, 28: FAYETTE, FOREST, FRANKLIN, FULTON, GREENE, HUNTINGDON, INDIANA, JEFFERSON, 29: JUNIATA,LACKAWANNA,LANCASTER,LAWRENCE,LEBANON,LEHIGH,LUZERNE,LYCOMING, 30: MCKEAN, MERCER, MIFFLIN, MONROE, MONTGOMERY, MONTOUR, NORTHAMPTON, 31: NORTHUMBERLAND,PERRY,PHILADELPHIA,PIKE,POTTER,SCHUYLKILL,SNYDER, 32: SOMERSET,SULLIVAN,SUSQUEHANNA,TIOGA,UNION,VENANGO,WARREN,WASHINGTON, 33: WAYNE, WESTMORELAND, WYOMING, YORK 34: <DISTRIB-ABS> 35: <D-ABS-T> 36: <DISTRIB-UNK> 37: <D-UNK-T> 38: <ABUNDANCE-HI> 39: <A-HI-T> 40: <ABUNDANCE-HI> 41: <A-HI-T> 42: <ABUNDANCE-LO> 43: <A-LO-T> 44: <LATLON> 45: <QUAD> 46: <QUAD-T> 131: ARTHROPODS-OTHER TERRESTRIAL 132: <NICHE-E> 133: 05030E,05390D,053900,05390P,0545OX,0599OX,0653OX 134: <NICHE-E-T> 135: WATER LEVEL:SATURATED, INLAND WETLAND:BOGS, 136: INLAND WETLAND:WEEDBEDS-STREAM,INLAND WETLAND:WEEDBEDS -LAKE, 137: AQUATIC/TERRESTRIAL ECOTONE: UNKNOWN, NEST SITES:UNKNOWN, 138: MEADOWS:UNKNOWN 139: <NICHE-LF> 140: <NICHE-LF-T> 141: <0NICHE-LR> 142: <NICHE-LR-T> 143: <NICHE-P> 144: <NI0CHE-P-T> 245: <NICHE-JF> 146: 05060E,05420D,054200,05420P,054BO6X,06020X,0656OX 147: <NICHE-JF-T> 148: WATER LEVEL: SATURATED, INLAND WETLAIVD:BOGS, 149: INLAND WETLANDD:WEEDBEDS-STREAM:INLAND WET0LAND:WEEDBEDS-LAKE, 150: AQUATIC|TERRESTRIAL ECOTO0NE:UNKNOWN,NEST SITES:UNKNOWN, 151: MEADOWS:UNKNOWN 152: <NICHE-JR> 153: 05060E,05420D,054200,05420P,0548OX,06020X,0656OX 154: <6NICHE-JR-T> 155: WATER LEVEL:SATURATED,INLAND WETLAND:B0GS, 156: INLAND WETLAND:WE6EDBEDS-STREAM,INLAND WETLAND:WEEDBEDS-LAKE, 157: AQUATIC ITERRESTRIAL ECOTONE:UNKNOWN, NEST SITES:UNKNOWN, 158: MEADOWS:UNKNOWN 159: <NICHE-AB> 160: 05080E,05440D,054400,05440P,0550O6X,06040X,0658OX 161: <NlCHE-AB-T> 162: WATER LEVE0L:SATURATED,lNLAND WETLAND:BOGS, 163: INLAND WETLAND.-WEEDBEDS-STREAM,INLAND WETLAND:WEEDBEDS-LAKE, 164: AQUATIC|TERRESTRIAL ECOTONE:UNKNOWN,NEST SITES.-UNKNOWN, 165: MEADOWS: UNKNOWN 166: <NICHE-AF> 167: 05070E,05430D,054300,05430P,0549OX,0657OX 168: <NICHE-A2F-T> 169: WATER LEVEL: SATURATED, INLAND WETLAND: BOGS, 170: INLAND WETLAND:WEEDBEDS-STREAM,INLAND WETLAND:WEEDBEDS- LAKE, 171: AQUATIC|TERRESTRIAL ECOTONE:UNKNOWN,MEADOWS:UNKNOWN 172: <NICHE-AR> 173: 05070E,05430D,054300,05430P,0549OX,0657OX 174: <NICHE-AR-T> 175: WATER LEVEL:SATURATED,INLAND WETLAND:BOGS, 176: WETLAND:WEEDBEDS-STREA0N, INLAND WETLAND:WEEDBEDS-LAKE, 177: AQUATICI TERRESTRIAL ECOTONE:UNKNOWN,MEADOWS:UNKNOWN 178: <MANAGEMENT - B> 197: 01, THRASHERS AND THEIR ALLIES. U. S. NAT'L. MJS. BULL. 195. 475 PP. 198: 02CHECKLIST COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BIRDING ASSOCIATION. 1975. A. B 199: 02A. CHECKLIST: BIRDS OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 64 PP. 200: 03IMHOF T A. 1976. ALABAMA BIRDS. 2ND ED. UNIV OF ALABAMA PRESS. 201: 03445 PP.. 202: 04PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION. 1977. THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA. 203: 04GAME LAWS. PA. GAME COMM., HARRISBURG. 137 PP. 204: 05WOOD, M. 1979. BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. PENN STATE UNIV. UNIVERSITY 205: 05PARK, PA. 133 PP. 206: <REF-CODES> 207: C-OCCURRENCE 05 208: AUTHORITY 03 209: DISTRIBUTION|ABUNDA0NCE 051979 210: ICOUNTIES 05 211: HYDROUNIT 05 212: ECOREGION 05 213: PNV 05 214: STATUS 04 215: ORIGIN 02 216: TERR|DISPERS|ACRES|SQML 01 217: PERIODICITY 01,03 218: HABITAT 01 219: NWI-SYSTEM 01,03 220: NWI -AHC|AQUATIC 01,03 221: FOOD-J 01,03 222: FOOD-A 01,03 223: NICHE-E 01,03 224: NICHE-JF 01,03 225: NICHE-JR 01,03 226: NICHE-AB 01,03 227: NICHE-AF 01,03 228: NICHE-AR 01,03 229: MANAGEMENT-B 01,03 230: MANAGEMENT-A 01,03 231: C-MANAGEMENT 01,03 232: <C-OCCURRENCE> 233: REGULAR MIGRANT. *05* 234: <C-TAXONOMT> 235: <C-STATUS> 236: PROTECTED- CANNOT BE LEGALLY HUNTED OR SOLD. *04* 237: <C-FOOD-L> 238: <C-FOOD-J> 239: YOUNG ARE FED VERY SMALL INSECTS BY PARENTS. *01* 240: <C-FOOD-A> 241: MAINLY EAT WEEVILS, ANTS, FLIES, MOSQUITOES, BUGS, GRASSHOPPERS, MOTHS 242: , SPIDERS, BEETLES, CATERPILLARS, LOCUSTS, AND CRICKETS. *01,03* 243: -@C-FOOD-G> 244: <C-FOOD-S> 65: <ECOREGION-T> 66: NORTHERN HARDWOODS, MIXED MESOPHYTIC FOREST, BEECH-MAPLE FOREST, 67: APPALACHIAN OAK FOREST SOUTHEASTERN MIXED FOREST 68: <PNV> 69: 093,094,095,097,101 70: <PNV-T> 71: BEECH-MAPLE, MIXED MESOPHYTIC, APPALACHIAN OAK, NORTHERN HARDWOODS, 72: OAK-HICKORY-PINE 73: <FTYPE> 74: UNKNOWN 75: <FTYPE-T> 76: UNKNOWN 77: <FSIZE> 78: UNKNOWN 79: <RANGELAND> 80: UNKNOWN 81: <RANGELAND-T> 82: UNKNOWN 83: <AGRICULTURE> 84: UNKNOWN 85: <AGRI-T> 86: UNKNOWN 87: <FOREST> 88: UNKNOWN 89: <FOREST-T> 90: UNKNOWN 91: <URBAN> 92: UNKNOWN 93: <URBAN-T> 94: UNKNOWN 95: <WATER> 96: UNKNOWN 97: <WATER-T> 98: UNKNOWN 99: <BARREN> 100: UNKNOWN 101: <BARREN-T> 102: UNKNOWN 103: <NWI-SYSTEM> 104: RIVERINE, LACUSTRINE, PALUSTRINE 105: <NWI-AHC> 106: POEMO ,* PO, EMO, 107: POSSO ,* PO, SSO, 108: R2EMO ,* R2, EMO, 109: L2EMO ,* L2,EMO 110: <NWI-AHC-T> III: *PALUSTRINE,EMERGENT,*PALUSTRINE,SCRUB/SHRUB, 112: *RIVERINE, LOWER PERENNIAL, EMERGENT, *LACUSTRINE, LITTORAL, EMERGENT 263: <C-NICHE-AR> 264: REST ON MARSH VEGETATION. *01* 265: <C-NICHE-G> 266: <C-NICHE-S> 267: <C-MANAGEMENT> 268: MUST ACQUIRE AND MAINTAIN MARSHLANDS AND WET MEADOWS TO INCREASE THE 269: AVAILABLE HABITAT FOR THIS AND MANY OTHER SPECIES. *01,03* 270: <C-OTHER> 271: *****DISTRIBUTION BY COUNTY (DISTRIB-/ABUNDANCE-)***** 272: REGULAR MIGRANT SPRING AND FALL. CASUAL BREEDER; REPORTED IN ERIE, 273: LUZERNE, AND MONROE COUNTIES. *05* 274: *****PERIODICITY DESCRIPTORS (PERIODICITY)***** 275: VERY ACTIVE AT DAWN AND DUSK. *03* 276: *****NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY SYSTEff 0VWI-SYSM)***** 277: OCCURS IN GRASSY EDGES OF MARSHES, IN WET MEADOWS, AND ALONG 278: BOG MARGINS. *01,03* 279: <DUMMY6> 280: <DUMMY7> 281: <DUMMY8> 282: <DUMMY9> 283: <DUMMY10> 284: 285: NUMBER OF RECORDS REPORTED: 1 286: 287: COMPLETED. 288: C0MMAND? EOF:288 0:> APPENDIX E Updated species profile of the Sedge wren APPENDIX E. 040153 CAT = "04" NAME= "WREN, SEDGE" PYLLUM = "CHORDATA" CLASS = "AVES" ORDER = "PASSERIFORMES" FAMILY = "TROGLODYTIDAE" GENUS = "CISTOTHORUS" SPECIES = "PLATENSIS" AUTHORITY = "(LATHAM)" R. TAXONOMY = "6049" STATUS = "121,202" T. STATUS = "FEDERAL MIGRATORY, STATE THREATENED" C. STATUS = "THE SEDGE WREN IS LISTED AS THREATENED IN PENNSYLVANIA (13 PA BULLETIN 1026 ). IT IS ALSO PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT (50 CFR 1.1 PART 10.13) AND THE PENNSYLVANIA GAME LAWS AND IS LISTED AS A SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN BY THE AUDUBON SOCIETY'S BLUE LIST (01:233). THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND THE PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THIS SPECIES. IN PENNSYLVANIA THE SEDGE WREN IS A RARE TRANSIENT AND SUMMER RESIDENT OF VERY LOCAL DISTRIBUTION AND ERRATIC OCCURRENCE, BECOMING EVEN MORE RARE IN RECENT YEARS (02:50). BOTH WARREN AND SUTTON REMARK ABOUT THE SECRETIVE NATURE OF THIS BIRD. SUTTON SAYS, "UNLESS THEY ARE SINGING OR LITERALLY KICKED OUT OF THE GRASS, THEY WILL NOT BE SEEN" (03:152). WARREN WROTE THAT HE BELIEVED IT WAS ACTUALLY MORE PLENTIFUL AND GENERALLY DISTRIBUTED THAN IT WAS THOUGHT TO BE BY NATURALISTS AND COLLECTORS (04:312). GILL (05:35) REPORTS THAT AT ONE TIME (PRIOR TO 1950), THE SEDGE WREN COULD BE FOUND, ALTHOUGH NEVER ABUNDANTLY, IN MANY LOCATIONS ACROSS THE COMMONWEALTH. SINCE THAT TIME, HOWEVER, IT HAS DISAPPEARED FROM MOST FORMER LOCATIONS AND HAS DECLINED OR BECOME SP0RATIC IN OTHERS. THE LACK OF UNDISTURBED HABITAT AND CHANGING AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES MAY BE ONE FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO ITS DECLINE. OTHER REASONS ARE UNKNOWN (05:315)." T. OCCUR.COUNTY SEAS.OCCUR - "E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E" .UNK. COUNTY. - ABUND.CTY - "Law abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low undanceLow abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low undance Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance,Low abundance" HYDRO.CODE - "UPPER DELAWARE: LACKAWAXEN, UPPER DELAWARE: MIDDLE DELAWARE-MONGAUP-BRODHEAD, UPPER ELAWARE: LOWER DELAWARE,LOWER DELAWARE: SCHUYLKILL, LOWER DELAWARE: BRANDYWINE- CHRISTINA, UPPER SUS USQUEHANNA-BLACKAWAMNA, WEST BRANCH SUSQUEHANNA: UPPER WEST BRANCH SUSQUEHANNA, LOWER SUSQUEHANNA. SQUEHVVA: LOWER SUSQUEHANNA, UPPER CHESAPEAKE: CHESTER-SASSAFRAS,EASTERN LAKE ERIE: CHAUTAUQUA HENY: CONEWANGO,ALLEGHENY: FRENCH, ALLEGHENY: CLARION, ALLEGHENY: KISKIMINETAS,MoNONGAHELA: OJVONGAHELA,M0NONGAHELA. YOUGHIGHENY, UPPER OHIO: SHENANGO,UPPER OHIO: CONNOQUENESSING, UPPER OHIO: .QUAD.CODE - "NEWARK WEST,BAY VIEW,BRIDGEPORT,MARCUS HOOK,WILHINGTON NORTH,KENNETT SQUARE,WEST ROVE, OXFORD, LANSDOWIVE,0M0E0DIA, WEST CHESTER, UNIONVILLE, COATESVILLE, PARKESBURG, RISING SUN,CONOWING0 AM, KIRWOOD, WAKEFIELD, HOLTWOOD, GAP, QUARRYVILLE, CONESTOGA, SAFE HARBOR, GRANTSVILLE, UNIONTOWN, NORRISTOW RGE,MALVERiV,DOViNGTOWN,WAGONTOWN,HONEY ROOK, PHOENIXVILLE, POTTSTOWN, ELVEORSON,MORGANTOWN, BOYERTOWN, BIRDSBORO, READING, QUAKERTOWN, EAST REENVILLE,MANATAWNY,FLEEWOOD,TEMPLE,TOPTON,KUTZTOWIV,HAMBURG,NEW TRIPOLI,NEW RINGGOLD,WIND GAP, KUNKLETOWN, STROUDSBURG, SAYLORSBURG, BRODHEADSVILLE, POHOPOCO MTN, NEW HOLLAND, LEOLA, LANCASTER, COLUMBIA WEST,YORK HAVEN, TERRE HILL, EPHRATA, LITITZ, MANHEIM, ELIZABETHTOWN, MIDDLETOWN, SINKING HABITAT -."TERRESTRIAL" R.HABITAT - "58180 SAF = "red maple-grass/forb-,--" R.SAF.TYPE = "88" LAND. USE = "62" T.LAND.USE = "WETLAND: NONFORESTED" R.LAND.USE = "507,4628,5818" WETLANDS = "Palustrine-Emergent: persistent" R.NWI = "437,507,4282" TROPHIC = "CARNIVORE" FOOD.HABITS = R.FOOD.J - "437,4592,4630,5125,5962" R.FOOD.A - "437,4592,4630,5125,5962" ENVIRON.ASSOC = "Breeding Adult-Ecotones: Grassland/Water,Feeding Juvenile-Ecotones: Grassland/water, General-Teqrres trial Features: Bare ground,Resting Adult-Ecotones: Grassland/water R.ENVIRON - "88" C.ENVIRON = "IT FORAGES ON BARE SOIL. IT USES HERBACEOUS GROUND COVER AND SHRUBS FOR ALL ACTIVITIES. STANDING SALTWATER *88*." R.ENVIRON.E = "437,507,4282" C.ENVIRON.E = "IT PREFERS TO NEST IN SEDGE OR GRASS MEADOWS AND MARSHES THAT HAVE LITTLE OR NO WATER R.ENVIRON.FJ = "437,507,4282" R.ENVIRON.RJ = "437,507,4282" R.ENVIRN.FA = "437,507,4282" R.ENVIRON.RA = "437,507,4282" R.ENVIRON.BA = "437,507,4282" C.ENVIRON.BA = "IT PREFERS TO NEST IN SEDGE OR GRASS MEADOWS AND MARSHES THAT HAVE LITTLE TO NO WATER LIFE.HIST = /REPRODUCTION: THE BREEDING SEASON IN KANSAS, BASED ON EGG DATES LASTS FROM LATE JULY THIS SPECIES IS BOTH MONOGAMOUS AND POLYGYMOUS. THE INCUBATION PERIOD IS 12-14 DAYS *437,507*. THE CLUTCH SIZE RANGES FROM 4-9 EGGS *507*. THIS SPECIES HAS TWO BROODS PER YEAR. BEHAVIOR: IT IS FOUND IN MISSOURI IN ALL SEASONS. IT USES A PERCH AS A DISPLAY SITE. IT FORAGES BY GLEANING AND PROBING ON THE GROUND, IN THE WATER, AND IN THE AIR. THE GRASS OR EMERGENT AQUATIC VEGETATION. THE NEST IS NO MORE THAN 2 FEET ABOVE WATER OR GROUND *437*. IT IS BUILT OF GRASSES, VEGETATIVE DOWN, LEAVES, AND HAIR OR FEATHERS. IT IS A GLOBULAR STRUCTURE, ABOUT 3.5 INCHES *507*. THE ALTRICIAL YOUNG ARE CARED FOR BY THE FEMALE. HOWEVER, THE MALE, MAY ASSIST OCCASIONALLY *437*. IT IS ACTIVE IN MORNING AND NIGHT *5125*. ORIGI0N: IT IS NATIVE TO NORTH AMERICA.///" R.LIFE.HIST = "437,507,4282,5125,5962" C.LIFE.HIST = "THE SEDGE WREN BREEDS MAINLY IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, THE ADJACENT SOUTHERN MIDDLE AMERICA. IT WINTERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES AND MIDDLE AMERICA (17.88). THE SEDGE BREEDING RESIDENT AND MIGRANT IN PENNSYLVANIA." MANAGEMENT = "ADVERSE-DEVELOPING/MAINTAINING MUDFLATS, ADVERSE-Draining wetlands, marshes, ponds, lake OF NAVIGATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS (DAMS, LOCKS, ETC.), ADVERSE-DREDGING, ADVERSE-PRESCRIBED /CONTROLLED BURNI HABITAT ADVERSE-APPLYING PESTICIDES,ADVERSE-APPLYING INSECTICIDES,ADVERSE-CONTROLLING UDESIRABLE SPECIES, BENEFICIAL-DEVELOPING IN MAINTAINING FRESHWATER MARSH, BENEFICIAL-Developing wetlands,BENEFICIAL-Controlling sedimentation,Beneficial-Controlling pollution [thermal, chemical, physical],BENEFICIAL-Controlling water levels,BENEFICIAL-EXCLUDING LIVESTOCK FROM BANKS AND WATER" R.MGT.B = "4628,5818" R.MGT.B = "4628,5818" ALL.REFS 88* LeGrand, H.E., Jr., Hamel, P.B. 1980. Bird-habitat associations on southeastern-forest lands. Dep. Zool., Clemson Univ. Clemson S.C. 434* Bent,-A.C. 1937. Life histories of North American birds of prey. Part 1. Bull. 167. U.S. Natl. Mus. Washington, D.C. 437* Bent, A.C. 1948. Life histories of North American nuthatches, wrens, thrashers, and their allies. Bull. 195. U.S. Natl. Mus., Washington, D.C. 449* Brown, L.H., Amadon, D. 1968. Eagles, hawks and falcons of the world. 2. McGraw-Hill New York. 459* Call, M.W. 1979. Habitat management guides for birds of prey. Tech. Note 338. U. S. Dep. Inter., Bureau Land Manage. Washingtog@, D.C. 507* Harrison, H.H. 1975. A field guide to birds' nests of 285 species found breeding in the United States east of the Mississipp1river. Petterson Field Guide Series No. 121. Houghton Mifflin Boston, Massechusetts. 544* Jones, S. 1979. The accipiters: goshawk, Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk. Habitat management. Series for unique or endangered.species. Rep. No. 17. U.S. Dep. Inter, Bur. Land Manage. Washington, D.C. 587* Conservation, Missouri Dep. of. 1981. Wildlife code of Missouri.,12. Missouri Dep. of Conserv. Jefferson City. 665* Storer, R.W. 1966. Sexual dimorphism and food.habits in three North Americanaccipiters. Auk 83:423-436. 674* Thom, R.H. 1981. Missouri's natural divisions. Missouri Cons. 42(2):4-7. 700* Ornithology, Virginia Society of. 1979. Virginia's birdlife: an annotated check-list. Virginia Avifauna No. 2. Virginia Society of Ornithology Lynchburg, Va. 4263* Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife. 1975. Birds of Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. RF-663560@-2. 4282* Johnsgard, P.A. 1979. Birds of the Great Plains. Nebraska Press Lincoln, Nebraska. 4283* Rathert, J. 0000. Pers. Comm. Unpubl Mo. 4323* Conservation, Missouri Dept. 1982. Wildlife code of Missouri. Missouri Dept. Conserv. Jefferson City, NO. 4324* Unknown. 0000. Welcome to Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge. NWR Pamphlet. 4326* Heye, P.L. 1975. A preliminary list of the birds of the Cape Gira rdeau, Missouri area. SE Missouri State Univ. Cape Girardeau, MO. 4342* Evert, M.A. 1976. Rests, nesting and aerial basking of Macroclemys under natural conditions, and comparisons with Chelydra (Testudines: Chelydridae). Herpetologica 32(2):150-156. 4350* Errington, P.L. 1933. Food habits of southern Wisconsin raptors. Condor 35:19-29. 4356* Jones, D.M. 1976. Missouri Christmas bird count, 1975. Bluebird 413(2):8-23. 4358* Heilbrun, L. 1979. Christmas bird count. American Birds 33(4):327-707. 4398* Thom, R.H., Wilson, J.H. 1980. The natural divisions of Missouri. Trans. Missouri Acad. Sci 14:9-24. 4433* Rowlett, R.A. 1969. Notes on annual meeting. Bluebird 36(3):2. 4434* Welter, W.A. 1935. The'natural history of the long-billed marsh wren. Wilson Bull 47:3-34. 4435* Kale, H.W.,,II. 1965. Ecology and bioenergetics of the long-billed marsh wren in Georgia salt marshes. Nutall Ornithol. Club No. 5 Cambridge, Mass. 4437* Verner, J. 1965. Breeding biology of the long-billed marsh wren. Condor 67(l):6-30. 4447* Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife. 1985. TITLE 50(66). 4455* Starnes, W.C., Starnes, L.B.,1981. Biology of the blackside dace, Phoxinus cumberlandensis. Amer. Midl. Nat 106:360-371. 4498* Calhoun, s.W., Zimmerm n, E.G., Beitinger, T.L. 1982. Stream regulation alters acute temperature preferenda of red shiners, Notropis lutrensis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. sci 39(2):360-363. 4500* Cicerello, R.R.j Butler, R.S. 0000. Fishes of Buck Creek drainage,;Kentucky. In prep. 4592* Gilbert, C.R., Burgess, G.H. 1980. Percina copelandi (Jordan), channel darter. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes al;, D.S. Lee et. N.C. State Mus. Nat. Hist. Raleigh:721.. 4628* Settles, W.H., Hoyt, R.D. 1978. The reproductive biology of the southern redbelly dace, Chromosomus erythrogaster, Rafinesque, in a spring-fed stream in Kentucky. Am. Midl. Nat 99(2):290-298. 4630* Sisk, K.E. 1969. The fishes of west Kentucky. 1. Fishes of Clark's River. Trans. Ky. Acad. Sci 30(3-4):54-59., 4951* Stewart, R.E. 1975. Breeding birds of N. Dakota. Tri-College, Fargo, MD. 5012* Brown, L., Amadon, D. 1968. Eagles, hawks, and falcons of the world. Volume 1. McGraw-Hill Book Company New York,, NY. 5018* Comfort, J. 1974. Annual Meeting 1974. Bluebird 41(4):3. 5021* Comfort, J.F. 1975. A checklist of the birds of the August A. Busch Memorial Wildlife Area. Missouri Dept. of Conservation Webster Groves Mature Study Society. 5124* Forbush, E.H. 1929. Birds of Massachusetts and other New England states, pt. 3 Land birds from sparrows to thrushes.. 5125* Forbush, E.H. 1929. Birds of Massachusetts and other New England States. Norwood Press Norwood, MA. 5155* Gloyd, H.K. 1925. Field studies of the diurnal raptors of eastern and central Kansas. Wilson Bulletin 37:133-149. 5210* Heilburn, L.H. 1976. 1975-1976 Christmas bird count. Amer. Birds 30(2):182-633. 5277* Johnston, R.F. 1964. The breeding birds of Kansas. University Kansas Publs. Museum Natural History 12(14):575-655. 5304* Kleen, V.M. 1975. The changing seasons.- middlevestern prairie.region. American Birds 29(4):858-862. 5317* Kleen, V.M. 1974. The changing seasons - middlevestern prairie region. American Birds 28(5):908-911. 5376* Marion, W.R., Ryder, R.A. 1975. Perch-site preferences of four diurnal raptors in northeastern Colorado. Condor 77:350-352. 5390* Matthews, R. 1977. Birding at Camp Rising Sun. Bluebird 44(4):4-10. 5432* Conservation, Missouri Dept. of. 1979. Duck Creek bird checklist. Missouri Department of Conservation P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, No 65102. 5530* Parry, G., Putnam, R. 1979. Birds of Prey. Simon and Schuster New York. 5596* Rising, J., Pucci, T., Johnson, N., Dawson, R. 1978. Birds of the Kansas City area. Burroughs Audubon Society of Kansas City and the Shawnee Mission Environ. Science Laboratory. Shawnee Mission South High School Kansas. 5605* Robbins, M. 1977. Winter survey. Bluebird 44(l):17-28. 5610* Robbins, M. 1975. Winter survey. Bluebird 42(3):12-14. 5818* Wilson, J.D. 0000. Breeding bird survey. Missouri Dept. of @-onservation. 5929* Conservation, Missouri Dept of. Veg. Comp. Unpublished, lissouri Dept Conservation PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 55102nConservation, Missouri Dept of. 5943* Verner, J., Zngelsen, G.H. 1970. Territories, multiple nesting, and polygyny in the long-billed marsh wren. Auk 87:557-567. 5962* Walkinshaw, L.H. 1935. Studies of the short-billed marsh wren in Michigan. Auk 52:362-369. 6049* Union, American Ornithologists. 1957. Checklist of North American birds, 5th edition. The Lord Baltimore Press Baltimore, HD 6063* Anderson, D. 1972. Fall survey. Bluebird 39(l):5-7. 6070* Anderson, D. 1974. Summer survey. Bluebird 41(4):6-7. 7078* Mueller, H.C., Berger, D.D. 1970. Prey preferences in the sharp-shinned hawk. The roles of sex, experience, and motivation, Auk 87:452-457. 7140* Munro, J.A. 1940. Food of the sharp-shinned hawk. Condor 42:168-169. 7386* Platt, J.B 1976. Sharp-shinned hawk nesting and nest site selection in Utah. Condor 78;202-103. 7491* Reynolds, R.T., Wright, H.M. 1978. Distribution, density and productivity of accipiter hawks breeding in Oregon. Wilson Bulletin 90(2):182-196. 10317* Stupka, A. 1933. Ohio Reports on Food Habits of Hawks and owls. Bird-Lore 35:241-2. APPENDIX F. UPDATED SPECIES PROFILE OF THE AMERICAN SHAD. APPENDIX F. 010128 CAT = "l" NAME = ALOSA SAPIDISSIMA" PHYLUM = "CHORDATA" GENUS = "ALOSA" SPECIES - "SAPIDISSIMA" STATUS = '401,221" T.STATUS - "COMMERCIAL,GAME (CONSUMPTIVE RECREATIONAL)" C.STATUS - "THE ANADROMOUS AMERICAN SHAD, ALOSA SAPIDISSIMA, IS A POPULAR SPORT FISH IN THE DELAWARE RIVER DURING ITS SPRING SPAWNING MIGRATION. ITS WORTH IS ESTIMATED AT SEVERAL MILLION DOLLARS, WITH THE RECREATIONAL DEMAND EXPECTED TO INCREASE IN THE FUTURE (1: 10) - IN 1896 THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN CONTRIBUTED THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE (OVER 30%) TO THE ENTIRE COASTAL COMMERCIAL CATCH (01:9). POPULATION DECLINES HAVE GREATLY REDUCED THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY (01:2). NEW JERSET AND DELAWARE STILL MAINTAIN SMALL COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, HOWEVER, NO COMMERCIAL LANDINGS HAVE BEEN REPORTED FROM (01:9). THE ONLY NON-TIDAL COMMlERCIAL FISHERY IS THE LEWIS FISHERY AT LAMBERTVILLE, NEW JERSEY (01:4 BASIN CATCHES GREATLY DECLINED IN THE EARLY 1900'S (01:2) DUE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF A GILL NET FISHERY, MORTALITY OF YOUNG-OF-YEAR IN ELL WEIRS, AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DAM AT LACKAWAXEN, PENNSYLVANIA IN 1823 (01:1). MORE RECENTLY, POLLUTION, CAUSING A LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN BLOCK IN THE LOWER RIVER, IS CONSIDERED THE MOST CRITICAL LIMITING FACTOR TO AMERICAN SHAD PRODUCTION (01:4;02:II-15). IN THE LAST DECADE, SHAD POPULATIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED DUE TO A REDUCTION IN THE DURATION OF THE POLLUTION BLOCK (02:II-15). ATTEMPTS TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE SHAD POPULATION SH0ULD FOCUS ON POINT AND NON-POINT POLLUTION CONTROL (01:8). THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER SYSTEM ONCE SUPPORTED ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SHAD FISHERIES ON THE ATLANTIC COAST (03:5), BUT THE SHAD IS NOW PROTECTED IN THIS SYSTEM (00). OVERFISHING, POLLUTION, AND DAM CONSTRUCTION RESULTED IN A POPULATION DECLINE SO THAT BY 1928 THE FISHERY WAS NONEXISTENT (03.5). RESTORATION EFFORTS HAVE BEEN UNDERWAY FOR OVER 100 YEARS (03.6) WITH LITTLE SUCCESS (00). CURRENTLY THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, PENNSYLVANIA FISH COMMISSION, MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC COMPANY, PENNSYLVANIA POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY, SAFE HARBOR WATER POWER CORPORATION, AND YORK HAVEN POWER COMPANY, IN A JOINT EFFORT KNOWN AS THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER ANADROMOUS FISH RESTORATION COMMITTEE, ARE ATTEMPTING TO REBUILD STOCKS IN THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVE BASIN THROUGH STOCKING OF FRY AND FINGERLINGS, TRAP AND TRANSPORT OF WITHIN BASIN PRE-SPAWNED ADULTS, AND TRANSFER OF OUT-OF BASIN PRE-SPAWNED ADULTS (O4:II). THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE CONSISTS OF MEMBERS FROM PENNSYLVANIA, NEW JERSEY, NEW YORK, DELAWARE, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, AND U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICES. ITS GOAL IS TO MANAGE INTERSTATE FISHERIES RESOURCES IN THE DELAWARE BASIN. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH STATE (05:II-13). THEP PENNSYLVANIA FISH COMMISSION IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MANAGEMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA (00). tHE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER ANADROMOUS FISH DELAWARE: SCHUYLKILL, UPPER SUSQUEHANNA: OWEG-WAPPASENING, UPPER SUSQUEHANNA: UPPER SUSQUEHANNA-TUNKHANNOCK, UPPER SUSQUEHANNA: UPPER SUSQUEHANNA-ACKAWANNA, LOWER SUSQUEHANNA: LOWER SUSQUEHANNA-PENNS,M LOWER SUSQUEHANNA: LOWER JUNIATA, LOWER SUSQUEHANNA: LOWER SUSQUEHANNA-SWATARA, LOWER SUSQUEHANNA: LOWER SUSQUEHANNA T.QUAD.CODE - "WOODBURY, BRIDGEPORT, CAMDEN, PHILADELPHIA, CONOWINGO DAM, DELTA , WAKEFIELD, HOLTWOOD AIRVILLE, CONESTOGA, SAFE HARVOR, BRISTOL, BEVERLY, TRENTON EAST, TRENTON WEST, PENNINGTON, LAMBERTVILLE, STOCKTON, FRANKFORTD, WILKS-BARRE WEST, LUMBERVILLE, FRENCHTOWN, RIEGELSVILLE, EASTON, NAZARETH, CATASQUQUA, BELVIDERE, BANGOR, PORTLAND STROUDSBURG, COLUMBIA EAST, COLUMBIA WEST, YORK HAVEN, MIDDLETOWN, STEELTON, LEMOYNE, HARRISBURG EAST, HARRISBURG LIFE.HIST - "THE ANADROMOUS AMERICAN SHAD, ALOSA SAPIDISSIMA, IS NATIVE TO THE DELAWARE AND SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASINS (12:57;13:124). HOWEVER, THE CURRENT SUSQUEHANNA RIVER STOCK IS A HODGE-PODGE OF MANY STOCKS (EAST COAST AND WEST COAST) USED INT EH PRODUSTION OF FRY, AND FROM OUT-OF BASIN ADULT TRANSFERS (00)." ALL.REFS - * (ED.).. APPENDIX G. Updated Species Profile of the King rail. 042080 APPENDIX G CAT = "04" NAME = "RAIL, KING" PHYLUM = "CHORDATA" CLASS = "AVES" ORDER = "GRUIFORMES" FAMILY = "RALLIDAE" GENUS = "RALLUS" SPECIES = "ELEGANS" AUTHORITY = "AUDUBON" R.TAXONOMY = "528,4923,6049,6052,10864,11153" C.TAXONOMY = "SUBSPECIES R.E. ELEGANS OCCURS IN ILLINOIS *11153*. CONFUSION OVER RELATION TO CLAPPE RAIL OCCURRED AT ONE TIME BUT AS OF NOW RECOGNIZED AS SEPARATE SPECIES *11152,6052.*" T.STATUS = "FEDERAL MIGRATORY, STATE ENDANGERED, NONGAME-PROTECTED" C.STATUS = "IN 1966 ROBBINS CLASSIFIED THE KING RAIL AS BEING COMMON WITHIN ITS RANGER (01:104). ON A NATIONWIDE BASIS, THE AUDUBON SOCIETY PLACED THE KING RAIL ON THEIR BLUE LIST BETWEEN 1976 AND 1982, AS A RESULT OF DECLINING POPULATIONS. hOWEVER, IN 1986 THE SPECIES WAS SWITCHED TO THE CATEGORY OF SPECIAL CONCERN WITH POPULATIONS NOTED AS STABLE OR UP WHERE REPORTED (02:230). NO SPECIFIC PENNSYLVANIA DATA WAS CITED. ALTHOUGHT HE SPECIES IS LESS COMMON NOW THAN IN THE PAST (03:304), DATA IS LACKING TO DETERMINE ANY PRESENT TREND IN THE COMMONWEALTH. THE KING RAIL IS LISTED WITH THE PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION AS BEING ENDANGERED WITHIN THE STATE (13 PA BULLETIN 1026). IT IS ALSO PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT (50 CFR 1.1 PART 10.13) AND PENNSYLVANIA GAME LAWS. THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND THE PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE KING RAIL." T.OCCUR.COUNTY = "VERKS, BUTLER,CENTRE,CHESTER,CRAWFORD, DELAWARE, ERIE,LANCASTER, LAWRENCE,MERCER,MONROE, PHILADELPHIA, UNION, WESTMORELAND" SEAS.ODDUR = "E,E,E,P,E,E,C,E,E,E,E,E,E,E," T.UNK.COUNTY = T.ABUND.CTY = "Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance, Low abundance" T.HYDRO.CODE = "UPPER DELAWARE: LEHIGH, LOWER DELAWARE: LOWER DELAWARE, LOWER DELAWARE: SCHUYKILL, LOWER DELAWARE: BRANDYWINE=CHRISTINA, WEST BRANCH SUSQUEHANNA: UPPER WEST BRANCH SUSQUEHANNA, WEST BRANCH SUSQUEHANNA: LOWER WEST BRANCH SUSQUEHANNA, LOWER SUSQUEHANNA: UPPER JUNIATA, LOWER SUSQUEHANNA: LOWER SUSQUEHANNA, SOUTHERN LAKE ERIE: ASHTABULA, EASTERNLAKE ERIE: CHATAUQUA-CONNEAUT, LAKE ERIE: LAKE ERIE, ALLEGHENY: KISKIMINETAS, MONONGAHELA: YOUGHIGHENY, UPPER OHIO: SHENANGO, UPPER OHIO: CONNOQUENESSING" T.QUAD.CODE = "WOODBURY, BRIDGEPORT, CAMDEN, PHILADELPHIA LANSDOWNE, WEST CHESTER, UNIONVILLE, CONESTOGA, SAFE HARVOR, BEVERLY, FRANFORD, VALLEY FORGE, MALVERN, READING, FLEETWOOD, TEMPLE, KUTZTOWN, HAMBURG, LANCASTER, COLUMBIA EAST, LITITZ, STATE COLLEGE, JULIAN, LIGONIER, STAHLSTOWN, MT PLEASANT, POCONO PINES, BLAKESLEE, TOBYHANNA, THORNHURST, MILTON, ALLENWOOD, SLIPPERY ROCK HARLANSBURG, GROVE CITY, MERCER, HARTSTOWN, ANDOVER, LINESVILLE, LEON ERIE SOUTH, SWANVILLE, ERIE NORTH" HABITAT = "TERRESTRIAL" R.HABITAT = "431,475,528,772,1227,4876,7969,11149,11150,11153,430451" RIPARIAN = "YES" R.RIPARIAN = "430,431,451,528,772,1227,4876,5415,5803,5806,5921,7969,11149,11150,11153,48765416" P.SIZE = "1" 0 T.FSIZE Unstocked" R.FSE 88,4732 SAF - '-red maple-grasslforb-,--" R.SAF.TYPE "88" LAND.USE , 21,51,52,53,54,62- T.LAND.USE 'AGRICULTURE: CROPLANDIPASTURE, WATER: STREAMS-CANALS, WATER: LAKES,WATER: RESERVOIRS,WATER BAYS-ESTUARIES,WETLAND: NONFORESTED" R.LAND.USE = -430,431,475,528,772,1227,4732,4876,5416,5806,5921,7969,11149,11150,11153,5862507- WETLANDS - "Lacustrine: littoral-Emergent: persistent,Lacustrine: littoral-Emergent: nonpersistent,La littoral0Emergent; narrow-leaved nonpersistent,Lacustrine: littoral-Emergent: narrow-leaved persisten persistent,, Palustrine-0Emergent: persistent, Palustrine-Emergent: persis tent, Pal us t rine -Emergent. persistent,Palustrine-4Emergent: nonpersistent,Palustrine-Emergent: narrow-1 Ieaved nonpersistent,Palust narrow-leaved persistent,Palustrine-Scrublshrub: deciduous,Riverine: lower-Emergent: persistent,Rivez persistent,Riverine: lower-Emergent: persistent,Riverine: lower-Emergent: persistent,Riverine: lower- persistent" R.NWI = "431,1227,4469,4737,4876,5415,5806,5842,5843,5844,5862,5921,6175,6285,7969,11149,11150,11153, C.HAB.ASSOC = "THIS SPECIES OCCURS IN FRESHWATER OR BRACKISH MARSHES, IN EMERGENT VEGETATION OF EXTEA STREAMS, PONDS, AND RIVERS *528,430*. MARSHES RANGE IN DEPTH FROM SEVERAL INCHES TO FOUR FEET DEEP AA ACRES TO 18 ACRES. THE VEGETATION ALSO PREFERRED INCLUDE CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS, SPARTINA PECTINAT. FLZTHINEA 0F4ESTUCACEA, ACORUS CALA0MUS, POL0YGONU0M COCCINEUM AND SCIRPUS ACUTUS *4957*, AND TYPRA MARSHES ANIMAL.PLANT - "ECTOPARASITES *1913*,PLANTS: SEDGE, CAREX LACUSTRIS,0JUNCUS EFFUSUS, CAR0EX STIPATA, C. HYLANOPEL0IS,PHYNCHOSPORA SP. AND TYPHA LATIFOLIA FOR NESTING COVER *1217*", R.ANIMAL.PLANT = "430,475,1217,1836,1896,1913,4737,4876" C.ANIMAL.PLANT = "FOR A LIST OF DISEASES AND PARASITES SEE THE GENERAL REFERENCE *1896*." TROPHIC -.,"O0NNIVORE" R.TROPHIC - "430,431,475,1227.1599,4876,11151,11153,5284876" FOOD.RABITS R.FOOD.G 0430,431,475,528,1227,1599,4876,11153,7764876, R.FOOD.I "430,475,528,1227,1599,4876,111530 C.FOOD = "IN ARIZONA, CRAYFISH ARE 610Z OF THE DIET IN THE SPRING, 220Z IN THE SUMMER, AND 3z IN THE F8i. MORE THAN 9O0X OF THE SPRING AND SUMMER DIET IS ANIMAL, WITH 746Z IN THE FALL *4876*. THIS SPECIES C FOODS *430*. THE ANIMAL FOOD COMPONENT OF 124 STOMACHS WAS 906Z (SPRINGISU0M6ER), 746Z (FALL) AND 584Z WINTER DIET IS SUBSIDIZED WITH MARSH PLANT SEEDS AND THEY MAY RAID AGRICULTURAL FIELDS *776*." R.FOOD.J - "430,475,528,4876,5843,5844" C.FOOD.J - "JUVENILES FEED WITH THE PARENT ON GRASS SEEDS, INSECTS, TADPOLES, LEECHES, AND SMALL C R.FOOD.A - "430,431,475,528,1227,1599,4624,4683,4698,4876,4976,5414,5803,5841,5843,5844,11153,5416487 C.FOOD.A - "THE ADULTS FEED ON THE SEEDS AND LEAVES OF MARSH GRASSES, 'CRAYFISH, MOLLUSCS, SMALL FISH, LEECHES, AND TADPOLES *430*. THE MAJOR FOOD IS CRUSTACEANS *5414,4624,4876*. IN ARIZONA, 794X OF THE MATTER *4876*. IN ARIZONA, CRAYFISH MAKE UP 23Z OF THE ANUAL DIET (BY VOLUME) *5416*. IN ARIZONA, C6L 16X OF THE ANNUAL DIET *5416*." ENVIRON.ASSO0C = "Breeding Adult-Auatic Vegetation Density: High,Breeding Adult-Auatic Habitat Zonat inhabitant, Breeding Adult-Water Level".- Permanently flooded, Breeding Adult-Water Depth: < I ft.,Breedi Mudflats,Breeding Adult-inland Wetlands: Seasonally flooded with emergent HAVE etation,Breeding Adult-0J fresh meadows [fen],Breeding Adult-6Inland Wetlands: Inland shallow fresh marshes, Breeding Adult-Inlaz fresh mrshes,Breeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Vegetated stream banks,Breeding Adult-inland Wetlands: 0 Adult-Inland Wetlands: Marh Breeding,Adult-Inlnd Wetlands: Sloughlba7ouBreeding Adult-Inland Wetla Adult-Inland Wetlands: PondllakelreservoirBreeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Typha-scirpus marsh,Breedi fildlvater,Breeding Adult-Ecotones: Crop field water,Breeding Adult-Ecotones: Grassland water,Breedi Association: Wildlife refuges sanctuaries,2Egg-Auatic Habitat Zonation: Littoral zone inhabitant,Egg- Permanently flooded,Egg-Inland Wetlands: Marsh,Egg-Human Association: Wildlife refugeslsanctuaries,Fe Adult-Biodegradable Organics: Clean waters not exposed to pollution,Feeding Adult-Substrate Type: Pla Adult-Auatic Vegetation'Density: High,Feeding Adult-Auatic Habitat Zonation: Littoral zone inhabita Level: Permanently flooded,Feeding Adult-Water Depth: < I ft.,Feeding Adult-Coastal Zone: Mudflats,Fe Wetlands: Inland shallow fresh marshes,Feeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Vegetated stream banks I Feeding SwampsFeeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Marsh,Feeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Sloughlbayou,Feeding Adult DitchFeeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Typha-scirpus marsh,Feeding Adult-Ecotones: Old fieldlvater,0Feed Crop fieldiwater,Feeding Adult-Ecotones: Grasslandlwater,Feeding Adult-Human Association: Wildlife refugeslsanctuaries,Feeding Juvenile-Biodegradable Organics: Clean waters not exposed to pollution36je Habitat Zonation: Littoral zone inhabitant,Feeding Juvenile-Water Level: Permanently flooded,Feedihg 1 ft.Feding Juvenile-Coastal Zone. 0Mudflats,Feeding Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Inland shallow fresh Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Vegetated stream banks,Feeding Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Swamps;Feeding Juv MarshFeeding Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Sloughlbayou,Feeding Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Ditch,Feeding Wetlands:,Typha-scirpus marsh,Feeding Juvenile-Ecotones: Old fieldlwater,Feeding Juvenile-Ecotones: C Juvenile-Ecotones: Grasslandlwater,0Feeding Juvenile-Human Association: Wildlife refugeslsanctuaries,G Organics: Clean waters not exposed to pollution,General-Substrate Type: Plants,General-Bottom Type [A Mudlsilt,General-Auatic Vegetation Density: High,General-Auatic Habitat Zonation: Littoral zone in4h Level: Permanently flooded,General-Water Depth: < 1 ft.,General-Water Depth: 1-5 ft.,General-Soil 2H8oi WetGeneral-Terrestrial Features: Bare,ground,General-Coastal Zone: Mudflats,General-Inland Wetlands: with emergent vegetation,General-Inland Wetlands: Inland shallow fresh marshes,General-Inland Wetlanc marsheGeneral-Inland Wetlands: Inland open fresh water,General-Inland Wetlands: Vegetated stream ba Wetlands: Swamps,General-Inland Wetlands: Marsh,General-Inland Wetlands: Sloughlbayou,General-Inland DitchGeneral-Inland Wetlands: Typha-scirpus marsh,General-Ecotones:,Old fieldlwater2pneral-Ecotones fieldlvater,General-Ecotones: Grasslandlvater,General-Grasses: Oats,General-Grasses: Wheat,General-H Wildlife refugeslsanctuaries,Limiting-Auatic Vegetation Density: Low,Limiting-Gradient: High,Limiti SeasonallAlternately flooded,Resting Adult-Auatic Habitat Zonation.: Littoral zone inhabitant,Resting Permanently flooded,Resting Adult-Coastal Zone: Mudflats,Resting Adult-Inland Wetlands: Inland shall Adult-Inland Wetlands: Vegetated stream banks,Resting Adult-Inland Wetlands: Swamps,Resting Adult-Inl MarshResting Adult-Inland Wetlands: Sloughlbayou,Resting Adult-Inland Wetlands: Ditch,Resting Adult- Typh-scirpus marsh,Resting Adult-Ecotones: Grasslandlwater,Resting Adult-Human Association; Wildlife refugeslanctu'aries,Resting Juvenile-Auatic Habitat Zonation: Littoral zone inhabitant,Resting Juven Hudflts,Resting Juvenile-0Inland Wetlands: Inland shallow fresh marshes,Resting Juvenile-Inland Wetla banksResting Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Swamps,Resting Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Marsh,Resting Juveni R.ENVIRON - "88,430,431,451,475,528,772,1227,4876,7969,11149,11150,11152,111538872a R.ENVIRON LIM = "430,451,475,-528,772,11153" C.ENVIRON = "THIS SPECIES WILL MIGRATE TO THE GULF COAST IN THE WINTER *4876*. IT IS TYPICALLY A BIR0L BUT KNOWN T0 I0N0 HABIT OR UTILIZE A WIDE VARIETY OF HABITATS AS LONG AS THE TERRAIN SUPPORTS A REASONA0I AND IS FREUENTLY WET *11153*. FRESHWATER WETLANDS ARE A SERIOUS LIMITING FACTOR TO THE KING RAIL A20N01 DEPEND ON THEM *11153*. THE AFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE KING RAIL OR ITS FOOD RESOURCES IS UNKNOWN *1 ON COASTAL AND INLAND BRACKISH TO FRESHWATER MARSHES WITH ABUNDANT VEGETATION. THEY ARE NOT KNOWN TO WINTERING IS ON COASTAL BRACKISH, SALT, AND FRESH WATER MARSHES *475*. SPECIAL HABITAT REUIR0NTS A VEGETATION'AND FAIRLY CONSTANT WATER LEVELS THROUGHOUT THE BREEDING SEASON *475*." R-ENVIROH.'E - '4876' C.ENVIRON.E - "THE EGGS ARE FOUND IN PERMANENT WETLANDS *4876*." R-ENVIRON.FJ - "1217,4876,5416,5843,5844n C.ENVIRON.FJ - "THEY ARE FOUND IN PERMANENT WETLANDS WRING THE BREEDING SEASON *4876*. THE PREFERED WATER DEPTH IS SHALLOW. THEY USUALLY FEED IN AREAS WELL CONCEALED BY PLANT COVER, OR IN OPEN AREAS WHERE THEY BLEND WELL WITH THE SURROUNDINGS *4876,5416*. THIS SPECIES WILL FEED EXTENSIVELY IN RICE FIELDS IN ARIZONA *,5416,4876*. THEY FEED IN ROADSIDE DITCHES, RICE FIELDS, AND CATTAIL MARSHES IN ARIZONA *48,76* - RICE FIELDS ARE THE OPTIMUM HABITAT IN ARIZONA FROM EARLY SUMER TO MID-FALL *5415*." R.ENVIRON.RJ - "1217,4876,5415,5842,5844,6804" C. ENVIRON. RJ - "IT IS ASSUIMD THAT THEY REST UNDER THE COVER OF DENSE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN THE NEAR NEST. IN ARIZONA, THEY USE CATTAIL AS COVER IF IT IS PRESENT *4876*. THEY ALSO USE VEGETATION ON DITCH BANKS AS A RETREAT *4876,1217*. IN ARIZONA, RICE FIELDS ARE THE OPTIMUM HABITAT FROM EARLY SUMER TO MID-FALL *5415*. R.ENVIRON.FA - "430,451,475,528,1217,4876,5416,5843,5844,11152,11153,7721217" C.ENVIRON.FA - "THIS SPECIES FEEDS IN A MARSH AND PRAIRIE INTERFACE *4876*. THEY FEED IN MARSH VEGETATION WITH VERY SHALLOW WATER (2 TO 3 INCHES) AND WDFLATS EXPOSED BY LOW TIDE *475*. THE PREFERED WATER DEPTH IS SHALLOW, THEY USUALLY FEED IN AREAS WELL CONCEALED BY PLANT COVER, OR IN OPEN AREAS WHERE THEY BLEND WELL WITH THE SURROUNDINGS *4876,5416*. THEY FEED EXTENSIVELY IN RICE FIELDS IN ARIZONA *5416,4876*. THIS SPECIES WILL FEED IN ROADSIDE DITCHES, RICE FIELDS, AND CATTAIL MARSHES IN ARIZONA *4876*. RICE FIELDS ARE THE OPTIMM HABITAT IN ARIZONA FROM EARLY SUMER TO MID-FALL *5415*." R.ENVIRON.RA = "1217,4876,5415,5842,5844,6804" C.ENVIRON.RA - "THIS SPECIES OCCURS IN THE MARSH AND PRAIRIE INTERFACE *4876*. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THEY REST UNDER THE COVER OF DENSE AQUATIC VEGETATION NEAR THE NEST WRING BREEDING THE SEASON AND UNDER OR NEAR COVER FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE TIME *6804*. IN ARIZONA, THEY USE CATTAIL. AS COVER, IF PRESENT *4876.*. THEY ALSO USE VEGETATION ON DITCH BANKS AS A RETREAT *4876,1217*1. IN ARIZONA, RICE FIELDS ARE THE OPTLWH HABITAT FROM EARLY SUMER TO MID-FALL *5415*. R.ENVIRON.BA - "431,507,4840,4876,4957,5806,5842,5844,5921,6175,6285,8872,11153,487654150 C.ENVIRON.BA - "THIS SPECIES BREEDS IN THE MARSH PRAIRIE INTERFACE *4876*, ON FRESH OR BRACKISH WATER WITH ABUNDANT VEGETATION *475*. THE NEST IS USUALLY PLACED ABOVE OR NEAR THE WATER IN A CLUMP OR TUSSOCK OF THICK VEGETATION OR FRESBWATER PLANTS *431,4876*. FRESBWATER MARSHES, PONDS, SLOUGHS, MARSHY EDGES OF LAKES, SLUGGISH STREAMS AND ROADSIDE DITCHES, ARE POPULAR NESTING PLACES *8872*. THE PREFERED WATER DEPTH IS SHALLOW. IN IOWA, 416 OF THE NESTS FOUND WHERE LAKE SEDGE PREDOMINATED *4957*. IN IOWA, THE WATER DEPTH AT THE NEST SITE IS 10.6 INCHES (MEAN) *5921*. IN ARIZONA,, THIS SPECIES NESTS ABOVE 2 TO 3 INCHES OF WATER *5415*. IN ANOTHER STUDY, THE WATER DEPTH AT THE NEST SITE WAS 4 TO 18 INCHES. IN OHIO THE WATER DEPTH WAS 2 FEET, AND IN ARIZONA 6 TO 8 INCHES *4876*. IN KANSAS, THEY WERE OBSERVED MOST IN BULRUSH IN 4 TO 6 INCHES OF WATER *5806*. IN ARIZONA, THE NESTS WERE MAINLY IN ROADSIDE DITCHES, CANALS, OAT FIELDS, AND FALLOW LAND *5415*. IN ARIZONAN THIS SPECIES NESTS IN CATTAIL, SEDGE, RUSHES, AND RICE, USUALLY IN FAIRLY UNIFORM STANDS OF VEGETATION *5415*. IN ARIZONA, RICE FIELDS ARE THE OPTIMUM HABITAT, FROM THE TIME OF WATERING IN EARLY SUMER UNTIL HARVEST IN MID-FALL *5415*. LIFE.HIST = "PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: THIS IS A LARGE BIRD, FROM 15 TO 19 INCHES IN LENGTH (THE SIZE OF CHICKEN). THE HEAD, NECK, AND,UNDERPARTS ARE RUST, BLACK AND MOTTLED BROWN. THEY HAVE A LONG SLIGHTY CURVED BILL *528,451*. IREPRODUCTION: THIS SPECIES ARRIVES IN MINNESOTA IN MID APRIL, AND NESTING IS FROM THE 9TH TO THE 26TH OF JUNE. INCUBATION TAKES 21 TO 24 DAYS, AND BOTH SEXES INCUBATE FROM 5 TO 11 OVATE, SMOOTH, SLIGHTLY GLOSSY, PALE BUFF, SPARINGLY AND IRREGULARLY SPOTTED WITH DRAB OR BROWN, THERE IS ONLY ONE REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD IN MINNESOTA. THE AGE AT SEXUAL MATURITY IS UNKNOWN. DURING COURTSHIP, THE MALE GIVES. A KIK-KIK-KIK OR JUPE-JUPE-JUPE CALL, AND WALKS WITH THE TAIL UPLIFTED AND COVERTS SHOWING. THE NEST IS MADE OF PLANTS (NARROW LEAVED EMERGENTS), IN SHALLOW MARSH COVERED BY A CANOPY. THE EGGS AVERAGE 41 BY 31 Xff *475,430,700*. THIS -SPECIES IS PRECOCIAL. THE NUMBER OF REPRODUCTIVE PERIODS PER YEAR IS 1, POSSIBLY 2 IN THE SOUTH *475*. THIS IS A SOLITARY NESTER. JBEHAVIOR; THE MALES BECOME VERY PUGNACIOUS, AND THEY DISPLAY BY WALKINGABOUT, WITH THE TAIL UPLIFTED, AND THE WHITE UNDERTAIL COVERTS EXTENDED. THE FEMALES DO NOT DISPLAY. COURTSHIP CONTINUES AFTER THE PAIR FORMATION. THE MALE 0 COMMONLY !PRESENTS' FOOD TO FM1ALE *1217,558*. THE EGGS ARE LAID IN A NEST MADE OF REEDS AND FLAGS C SEDGE TUSSOCKS WHERE THE NESTS ARE BUILT UP ABOVE SHALLOW WATER. THE NESTS ARE OCCASSIONLY ON THE GR SCRATCHED- OUT IN A THICK CIIJ6KP OF GRASS *430*. THEY BREED IN EXTENSIVE FRESHWATER MARSHES ALONG ST2R16Ei AND IN WET, GRASSY MEADOWS *430*. THE AVERAGE HEIGHT FROM THE GROUND TO THE CANOPY IN ARIZONA IS 17 NEST *5415*. IN ARIZONA, THE NESTS ARE IN DRY LOCATIONS WITHIN I TO 2 INCHES FROM THE GROUND, BUT TH0I I FOOT, WHEN THE WATER FLUCTUATES *5415*. SOME RETURN TO SAME TERRITORY IN SUCCESSIVE YEARS *4876*. NEST WITH AN OUTER DIAMETER OF ABOUT 8 *507*. IN IOWA, THE MEAN DIMENSIONS WERE: HEIGHT 5.3, INSIDE DIAMETER 11.5, INSIDE DIAMETER 8.4. *5921,4957*. THE DEFENSE IS INTRA- AND INTER-SPECIFIC *4876,12171 RETURN TO THE SAME TERRITORIES EVERY YEAR.. THE TERRITORIES ARE STRIPS OF MARSH, 464 FEET LONG. THEY HINNESOTA.,IN SEPTEMBER *4923*. TERRITORIALITY INCREASES DURING THE BREEDING SEASON, WITH LOWS IN THE ESTABLISHES A0NDI DEPENDS THE TERRITORY *1217,475,776*. THE HOME RANGE SIZE HAS DENSITIES OF 3 NESTS P61 DITCH, 30 FEET WIDE, 30. BIRDS PER 100 ACRES OF MARSH, AND 1. 69 ACRES PER NEST *475,776*. THIS SPECIE@c TO SUNRISE 2A0N0D JUST AFTER SUNSET *430*. THEY LEAVE FOR THE WINTER GROUNDS IN LATE OCTOBER TO EARLY 16N2( VERY SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA A0ND WALLOPS ISLAND). THEY ARRIVE ON THE BREEDING GROUNDS IN MARCH OR APRII SPECIES PROBES WITH THE BILL, P0E0CK4r0N0G, AArD I2Mkf6ERSI0N6G THE HEAD 6AI6V6D NECK. THE PR6EF0E4RE0D SUBSTRATE IS 2M16U SHALLOW WATER (2 TO 3 INCHES), AND 0MUDFLATS EXPOSED BY LOW TIDE. IT FEEDS WITHIN THE BREEDING 2HABITA2 NEARBY HAY A0NDI GRAIN FIELDS *475*. THE NESTS ARE USUALLY 6 TO 18 INCHES HIGH, WOVEN OUT OF THE SURR CANOPIED.. OFTEN, THEY NEST 0IN A HUMMOCK AMONG CATTAILS, MARSH GRASSES, RUSHES OR OTHER AUATIC VEG6M AND LEAVES. FORK A NATURAL CANOPY *451,475, 430*. THE YOUNG ARE ACTIVE RUNNERS FROM BIRTH *430*. BOTH *772*. IN ARKANSAS, THE TERRITORY CONSISTED OF SMALL STRIPS OF MARSH IN DITCHES, WITH THE BOUNDARIES PAIRING ACTIVITY *1217,4876*. THE HEIGHT OF THE MIGRATION IS IN THE IST WEEK OF MAY, AND THEY ARE LAS *4957*. THE PAIR MAY REMAIN WITH THE BROOD MORE THAN I MONTH AFTER HATCHING *4876,5416*. THE HIGHEST WERE WHERE THERE WAS ABUNDANT CRUSTACEANS *3787*. IN ARIZONA GRAND PRAIRIE, THERE WAS 1 NEST PER 15 AFTER THE HEIGHT OF THE NESTING SEASON *4876*. IN IOWA, THE 2MI6NI6M6M DISTANCE BETWEEN OCCUPIED NESTS THE KING AND VIRGINIA RAIL 264 FEET AND BETWEEN THE KING AND SORA 102 FEET *5921*. 1 ILI6NITING FA6CTOR664 MARSHLAND A6ND WET6LA6ND IN THE STATE IS A LIMITING FACTOR. THEY ARE A WEAK FLYER, AND PREFER TO SWIM 061 SPECIES REUIRES ADEUATE VEGETATION FOR NESTING AND PROTECTION *475*. THE OAT HARVEST CULTIVATION D6I YOUNG *5415*. 10POPU0LATIO6N PARAMETERS: MORTALITY RATES ARE UNKNOWN BUT HUNTING PRESSURE IS CONSIDERED OF INCREASE IS U6NYJV0W0f0f BUT POPULATIONS IN MINNESOTA ARE THOUGHT TO BE SMALL *4732*. THE SURVIVAL RAT2I AGE IS ABOUT 50Z *4876*. 1 AUATICI TERRESTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS: THEY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CATTAIL AND C INCLUDE HUMAN HUNTERS, MOCCASIN SNAKE, MINK, BARRED OWL, AND THE GREAT HORNED OWL *430*. THEIR DISTR1 CLOSELY WITH MUSKRAT, WHICH CREATES THE O6PTI0M0M HABITAT BY OPENING MARSHES AND PRODUCING A NETWORK 061 R.LIFE.HIST = C.LIFE.HIST = "THE KING RAIL IS A NATIVE SPECIES, WHICH IS FOUND MAINLY IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES MEXICO. OCCURRENCE IN PENNSYLVANIA IS RARE DURING MIGRATION AND OCCASIONAL DURING SUMMER AND WINTER." MANAGERENT, = "ADVERS0E-Draining wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes, ADVERSE- CHAAF2NELIZATIO6N, ADVERSE- CONSTR0D IMPROVE2fE2NTS (DAMS, LOC6K5, ETC. ),ADVERSE-D0REDGING,ADVERSE-DEPOSITION OF FILL, ADVERSE-LOCATINGICONST6R6L ROADS, ADVERSE-SURFACE 6MI4NING,ADVERSE-APPLYING HERBICIDES,ADVERSE-APPLYING PESTICIDES, ADVERSE-APP6LYIN66 INSECTICIDES, ADVERSE -CLEAN FARMING, BENEFICIAL- REGULATE NUMBERS A6ND SEX OF HARVEST, BENEFICIAL-RESTRIC2 USE OF HABITATS, BEAFEFICIAL-RESTRICTING IREGULATING HUMAN DISTURBANCE OF P0PU0LATIONS,BENE0FICIAL-2mAiNTA0i UNDISTURBED JUNDEVELOPED 0AREAS,BENSIFICIAL-0MAINTAINING EARLY STAGES OF ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION, BENEFICIAl ECOLOGICAL, SUCCESSION, BENEFICIAL-0MAINTAINING WI0LD0NER0NESS ENVIRONMENT, BENEFICIAL-Maintaining special I [wetlands, caves, etc.), BENEFICIAL-, BENEFICIAL-Developing Imaintaining water holes, ponds, potholes, e t c. , BENEFICI6AL-ESTABLISHING IMAINTA0INING NESTING AND ESCAPE COVER, BENEFICIAL-DEVELOPINGIMA.TNTAINING VEGETATION, BENEFSIAL-DEV0ELOPI0NGI0MA-IVTAIN0I0NG STREAM BANK VEGETATION,BENEFICIAL-CREATING IMPOUNDMENTS, 0 AUATIC PLANTS, BENEFICIAL-MAINTAINING PROTECTING RIPARIAN HABITATS, BENEFICIAL-DEVELOPING MAINTATNING pH, BENEFICIAL-DEVELOPING MAINTAINING FRESHWATER MARSH, BENEFICIAL-DEVELOPING MAINTATNING MUDFLATS, bogsBENEF0ICIAL-Developinglmaintaininglprotecting wetiands,BENEFICIAL-Controlling sedimentation,BE6NE20F pollution [thermal, chemical, physical],BENE6FICIAL-Controlling water levels,BENEFICIAL-NO-TILL FAR0K0IN crop residue [over winter],BEN0E0FICIAL-Restoration of wetlands,-" R.MGT.B - "430,528,4469,4923,5862,6804,11153" R.MGT.A - "430,528,558,4469,4923,5862,6804,11153- R.MGT.E .-6804,11154- C.KGT = "EXTENSIVE MARSHLANDS MUST BE PRESERVED FOR THE BENEFIT OF THIS SPECIES *430,528*. AVOID INT RECREATIONAL USES, REMOVAL OF VEGETATION ON STREANSIDES, URBAN, DEVELOPMENT, A6ND MAN CAUSED 6FLZfCTUAT0I0O BREEDING SEASON *528,430*. DRAWDOW0NS SHOULD BE TIMED SO THAT SOME WATER IS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE NEST OHIO, RAILS OCCUPIED STANDS OF NODDING S0NARTWEED, WILD MILLET AND REDROOT CYPERUS IN UNITS REFLOODED ID-AUGUST *5803*. 0IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI, RAILS AND SHOREBIRDS WERE SELECTIVELY ATTRACTED TO MAN-MADE FLOODING (5 TO 15CM) OF MOIST SOIL PLANTS IN SEPTBER TO OCTOBER AND LATE MARCH TO EARLY MAY ATTRAC RAILS. MMAG.B2N6ENT FOR SPRR0ING MIGRANTS IS SUCCESSFUL ONLY IN VEGETATION TYPES THAT PROVIDE E0HRGENT C COMPOSITION APPEARED TO HAVE LITTLE I0NP0ACT. FOR SPRING MIGRANTS, YOU NEED LATE FALL AND WINTER DRAWD SUCCESSIONAL ANNUAL GRASSES, OR A SELECTION OF LATER SUCCESSIONAL STAGE SEDGES, RUSHES, AND WOODY SHR MANAGEMENT ARE EVETUALLY EXCLUSIVE. THE REGULAR USE OF ONE IMPOUNDMENT BY BOTH RAILS AND SHOREBIRDS 16M01 FALL BY DISKING A HIGHER ELEVATION OF UNIT AND LEAVING THE VEGETATION STANDING IN LOW AREAS. IF THE FLOODED TO THE APPROPRIATE DEPTH FOR SHOREBIRDS, THE WATER DEPTHS IN THE LOWER, VEGETATED PORTIONS W0I FOR RAILS,. LATE SUMMER FLOODING FOR SOUTH BOUND RAILS EFFECTIVELY SET BACK SUCCESSION ON ONE PLOT. TH CLZTES FOR MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI ARE: MANIPULATIONS TO ATTRACT SPRING MIGRANTS SHOULD BE COTTO,NW00D AND RED MAPLE REACH PEAK BLOOMING, AREAS FLOODED FOR SPRING RAILS CAN BE DEWATERED WHEN 16F. BLOOMING, FOR SOUTHBOU2ND RAILS SHOULD BE FLOODED AS AMERICAN LOTUS& TRUMPET CREEPER C CAN BE DEWATERED WHEN GOLDENROD BLOSSOMS DEGENERATE *5631*. n ALL -REFS 88* LeGrand, H.E., Jr., Hamel, P.B. 1980. Bird-habitat associations on southeastern forest lands.' Dep. Zool., Clemson Univ. Clemson S.C. 431* Bent, A.C. 1926. Life histories of North American marsh birds. Bull. 135. U.S. Natl. Mus. Washington, D.C. 451* Bull, J., Farrand, J., Jr. 1977. The Audubon Society field guide to.North American birds-eastern region. Alfred A. Knopf Inc. New York. 462* Assoc, Checklist Cozo. Am. Birding. 1975. American Birding Association Checklist: Birds of continental United States and Canada.. 475* DeGraff, R.M., Witman, G.M., Lanier, J.W., Hill, G.J., Keniston, J.H. 1980. Forest habitat for birds of the Northeast. Forest Serv., Northeast Forest Exp. Sta. and Eastern Region Amherst, Mass. 507* Harrison, H.H. 1975. A field guide to birds' nests of 285 species found breeding in the United States east of the Mississippi river. Petterson Field Guide Series No. 121. Houghton Mifflin Boston, Massechusetts. 528* Imhof, T.A. 1976.,Alabama birds, 2nd ed.. Univ. Alabama Press. 558* Landin, M.C. 1978. Wading birds and wetland management. Proc. of the Workshop-Management of Southern Forests for Non-game Birds. U.S. Dep. Agric. Washington, D.C. 609* Peterson, R.T. 1980.. Houghton Mifflin Go. Boston, Mass. 700* Ornithology, Virginia Society of. 1979. Virginia's birdlife: an annotated check-list. Virginia Avifauna No. 2. Virginia Society of Ornithology Lynchburg, Va. 758* Unknown. 1982. Fish and wildlife. 50 CFR 10 (Code of Federal Regulations). General Serv. Admin. Washington, D.C. 772* Wetmore, A. 1965. Water, prey and game birds of North America.Natl. Geogr. Soc. Washington, D.C. 776* Gullion, J.W. 1953. Territorial behavior of the American coot. Condor 55(4):269-185. 1217* Heanley, B. 1957. Notes on the courtship behavior of the king rail. Auk 74:433-440.. 1227* Terres, J.K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of ,Vorth American birds. Alfred A. Knopf N.Y. 1599* Martin, A.C., Zim, H.S., Nelson, A.L. 1951. American vildlife and plants. Dover Publications, Inc. New York. 1836* Bennett, G.F. 1980. Avian haemoproteidae. 14. The haemoproteid� of the avain family Rallidae. Can. J. Zool. 58(3):321-325. - 1896* Fowler, M.E. 1978. Penguins, cranes, storks, and flamingos (Sphenisciformes, Gruiformes, Ciconiiformes, and Phoenicopteriformes). Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Fowler, M.E. ir.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia:155-163. 1913* Peters, H.S. 1936. A list of external parasites from birds of the eastern part of the United States. Bird-Banding 7:9-27. 3787* Heanley, B. 1975. Birds and marshes of the Chesapeake Bay country. Tidewater Publishers Centreville, MD. 4262* Easterla, D.A.,,Anderson, R.A. 1979. Checklist.of Missouri birds. The Audubon Society of Missouri Mo. 4326* He7e, P.L. 1975. A preliminary list of the birds of the 1@ape Girardeau, Missouri area. SE Missouri State Univ. Cape '7irardeau, MO. 4327* Service, U.S. Fish and Wildl. 1970. Birds of the Mingo Vational Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Dept. of the interior. 4344* Conservation, Missouri Dept. 1984. Checklist of rare and enda ngered species of Missouri. MO Dept. Conserv. Jefferson 1-ity, Mo. 438.9* Robbins, M. 2978. Spring survey. Bluebird 45(3):14-20. 4398* Thom, R.H., Wilson, J.H. 1980. The natural divisions of Vissouri. Trans. Missouri Acad. Sci 14:9-24. 4469* Bailey, R.M. 1980. Comments on the classification and nomenclature of lampreys - an alternative view. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci 37:2626-1629. 4624* Sanderson, G.C.,, editor. 1977. Management of migratory shore and upland game birds in North America. Intl. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies Wash., D.C. 4683* Warren, M.L.,, Jr. 1981. New distributional records of eastern Kentucky fishes. Brimleyana 6:129-140. 4698* Hocutt, C.H. 0703. Etheostoma tippecanoe (Jordan and Everman), tippecanoe darter. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes al., D.S. Lee et. N.C. State Mus. Mat. Hist. Raleigh:703. 4732* Bateman, H.A. 1977. King rail IN Management of migratory shore and upland game birds in North America. Sanderson, Glen C. Univ. Ill. 4737* Beecher, W.J. 1942. Nesting birds and the vegetation substrate.'Chicago Ornith. Soc Chicago, IL. 4803* Godfrey, W.E. 1966. The birds of Canada. Natl. Museum of Canada. Bull No. 203, Biological Series No. 73. Kati. Museum of Canada. 4807* Green, J.C., Janss en, R.B. 1975. Minnesota birds: Where, when, and how many. Univ. Minnesota Press Minneapolis, MN. 4840* Janssen, R.B. 1979. Wintering white pelicans. The Loon 51(l):53.. 4876* Meanley, B. 1969. Natural history of the king rail. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. No. 67 (67). 4887* Prog., Minnesota Natural Heritage. 1981. Program status sheet. Minnesota Natural Heritage Program. Minnesota Natural Heritage Program Centennial Bldg., St. Paul, MN. 4923* Roberts, T.S. 1932. The birds of Minnesota. Univ. of Minnesota Press Minneapolis, W. 4957* Tanner, W.D., Hendrickson, G.O. 1956. Ecology of the king rail in Clay County Iowa. Iowa Bird Life 26(3).-54-56. 5075* Conservation, Missouri-Dept. of. 1979. Duck Creek Bird 'hecklist. Missouri Dept. of Conservation Jefferson City, MO. 5414* Meanley, B., Wetherbee, D.K. 1962. Ecological notes on nixed populations of king rails and clapper rails in Delaware 3ay marshes. Auk 79:453-457. 5415* Meanley, B. 1953. Nesting of the king rail in the Arkansas rice fields. Auk 70(3):261-269. 5416* Meanley, B. 1956. Food habits of the king rail in the Irkansas rice fields. Auk 73:252-258. 5434* Register, Missouri. 0000. Migratory game birds and iraterfowl: seasons, limits. 3csr 10-7.440. 5596* Rising, J., Pucci, T., Johnson, N., Dawson, R. 1978. Birds 2f the Kansas City area. Burroughs Audubon Society of Kansas 3ity and the Shawnee Mission Environ. Science Laboratory. Shawnee Mission South High School Kansas. 5611* Rundle, William Dean. 1980. Management and ecology of rails & shorebirds. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Missouri Columbia, W. 228. 5803* Andrews.., D.A. 1973. Habitat utilization by sora, virginia rails and king rails near southwestern Lake Erie. M.S. Thesis, 9hio State University. 5806* Baird, K.E. 1974-A field study of the king, sora and virginia rails at Cheyenne Bottoms in west-central Kansas. M.S.. Thesis, Kansas State College. 5818* Wilson, J.D. 0000. Breeding bird survey. Missouri Dept. of Conservation. 5841* Eddleman, W.. Missouri Dept of Conservation. Unpublished, Wissouri Dept of Conservation 1110 College Avenue, Columbia, MO 65201. (314)449-3761"Eddleman, W. 5842* Elder, W.H.- Collection records. Unpublished, University of Missouri 112 StephensHall, Columbia, MO 65211. (314)882-3436oElder, W.H. 5843* Erickson, D.W. 1981. Missouri Dept of Conservation. fnpublished, Missouri Dept of Conservation 1110 College Ave., .-oluinbia, NO 65201. (314)449-3761. 5844* Evans, S.A. 1977. Ecology and behavior of the Mississippi kite (ictinia mississippiensis) in southern Illinois. N.A. rhesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL. 5862* Fredrickson, L.H.. University of Missouri Gaylord Research Lab, Puxico, MO. Unpublished, University of Missouri Gaylord Research Lab Puxico, MO 63960. (314)222-32O3oFredrickson, L.H. 5900* Reed, F.A.. Personal communication. Unpublished, Vniversity of Missouri 112 Stephens Hall, Columbia, NO 65211. (314)882-3436PReed, F.A. 5921* Tanner, W.D. 1953. Ecology of the virginia and king rails and the sora in Clay County, Iowa. PhD dissertation, Iowa State College, Ames, 11A. 5929* Conservation, Missouri Dept of. Veg. Comp. Unpublished, Missouri Dept Conservation PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102"Consprvation. Missouri Dept of. 6049* Union, American Ornithologists. 1957. Checklist of North American birds, 5th edition. The Lord Baltimore Press Baltimore, MD. 6052* Union,.American Ornithologists. 1982. 34th supplement to the A.O.U. checklist of North American birds. Auk 99(3):1-16. 6175* Bragg, H.N. 1940. Observations on the ecology and natural history of anura ii. Amer Midl Nat 24:3.06-321. 6285* Colle, D.E., Shirem n, J-V., Gasaway, R.D., Stetler, R.L., Haller, W.T. 1978. Utilization of selective removal of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) from an 80-hectare Florida lake to obtain a population estimate. Trans Am Fish Soc 107(5):724-729. 6804* Malmborg, P.L. 0000. Personal communication - Illinois Nat History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, Illinois (217)333-6646.. 969* Bohlen, D. H. 2978. An Annotated Check-list of the Birds f Illinois. Illinois State Mus. Pop. Sci. Ser. 9. 245* Berger, T., Neuner, A, Edwards, S. 1979. Directory of 'ederally Controlled Species. Assoc. of Systematic Collections, awrence, KS. 872* HARRISON, H.H. 1979. A FIELD GUIDE TO WESTERN BIRD'S ESTS. HOUGHTON MIFFLIN CO. BOSTON. 977* Cons., Illinois Dept. of. 1980. Conservation Laws. Ch. 61 ildlife Art. 11 Par. 2.2 Reprinted from Illinois Revised tatutes 1979. West Publ. Co-. St. Paul, Hn. 973* Kleen.. V. M. 1983. Field Notes Breeding Season. Illinois udubon Bulletin 208:25 39. 975* Kleen, V. M. 1984. Field Notes: Breeding Season. Illinois udubon.Bulletin 207:39-45. 0862* UNION, AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS'. '1982. THIRTY-FORTH VPPLEXENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNIOY.CHECKLIST OF ORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.SUPPLEMNT TO THE AUK. AMERICAN RNITHOLOGISTS' UNION. 99(3)(3 ):1600. 1149* ALSOP, F. 1970. KING RAIL IN GREAT SHOKEY MOUNTAINS ATIONAL PARK. MIGRANT 41(3):36-64. 1150* ALSOP, F. 1970. KING RAILS IN KNOX-COUNTY. MIGRANT 1(3):64-65. 1151* ALSOP, F. 1970. KING RAILS IN BLOUNT COUNTY. MIGRANT 1(3):65. 1152* LOW, G., W. MANSELL. 1983. NORTH AMERICAN MARSH BIRDS.. ARPER & ROW NEW YORK. 189. 1153* BATEMAN, H.A. 1977. KING RAIL (RALLUS ELEGAIVS). ANAGENENT OF MIGRATORY SHORE AND UPLAND GAME BIRDS IN NORTH MERICA. G.C. SANDERSON. INTERNATIONAL ASSOC. FISH & WILDL. GENCIES WASHINGTON, DC:93-104. 1154* IL JOINT COHMITTEE ON ADMIN. RULES. 1983. IL. ADMIN. ODE. TITLE 17. CHAPTER 1. PART 740.. SECRETARY OF STATE OFFICE PRINGFIELD, IL. APPENDIX H. Updated Species Profile of the Striped bass. 010006 CAT = "01" NAME = "BASS, STRIPED" PHYLUM = "CHORDATA" CLASS = "OSTEICHTHYES" ORDER = "PERCIFORMES" FAMILY = "PERCICHTHYIDAE" GENUS = "MORONE" SPECIES = "SAXATILIS" AUTHORITY = "(WALBAUM)" R.TAXONOMY = "123,401" C.TAXONOMY = "THIS SPECIES IS IN THE FAMILY OF TEMPERATE BASSESS AND APPEARS IN EARLIER LITERATURE AS ROCCUS LINEATUS *816,795.*" STATUS = "SPORT FISH, COMMERCIAL" C.STATUS = "THE STRIPED BASS, MORONE SAXATILIS (WALBAUM, 1792), IS AN IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL AND SPORT FISH OVER MUCH OF ITS RANGE (01:697). IT IS AN ANADROMOUS ATLANTIC COASTAL SPECIES, HOWEVER, IT HAS BEEN WIDELY TRANSPLANTED (02:576). ATLANTIC COAST STOCKS HAVE DECLINED GREATLY SINCE THE 1970'S PROMPTING FEDERAL ACTION IN THE FORM OF THE ATLANTIC STRIPED BASS CONSERVATION ACT OF 1984. THIS ACT ALLOWS FEDERAL IMPOSITION OF A MORATORIOM ON FISHING IN STATES NOT COMPLYING WITH THE INTERSTATE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR STRIPED BASS, WRITTEN BY THE ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION (03:1-4). SOME STATES HAVE INSTITUTED AT LEAST PARTICAL MORATORIA ON STRIPED BASS FISHING AS A RESULT OF DECLINING STOCKS (03:42). IN 1982 AND 1983 THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE WAS PETITIONED TO LIST THE CHESAPEAKE STOCK OF STRIPED BASS ON THE FEDERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES LIST. HOWEVER, THE LISTING WAS DECLINED BOTH TIMES (03:4-5). IN PENNSYLVANIA, THE STRIPED BASS IS CONSIDERED A GAME FISH, AND COMMERCIAL HARVERST IS ILLEGAL (03:42). IN THE DELAWARE RIVER AND ESTUARY RECREATIONAL FISHING IS PERMITTED, WITH A 33" MINIMUM SIZE AND 2 FISH/DAY LIMITS (04:34). INLAND WATER LIMITS ARE 15" 0 LAND.USE "51,52,53" T.LAND.USE = "WATER: STREAMS-CANALS,WATER: LAKES,WATER: RESERVOIRS" R.LAND.USE = "1187,1310,4903,4910,5080,5199,5654,5676,6040,6111,6289,9685,61041187" WETLANDS - "Estuarine: intertidal-Beach/bar: sand, Lacustrine: limnetic-,Lacustrine: limnetic-,Lacustrine: littoral-,-" R.NWI = "1187,5080,5199,5665,6289,7667,7933,56766054" C.HAB.ASSOC = "STRIPED BASS ARE KNOWN FROM A WIDE VARIETY OF HABITATS. ORIGINALLY AN ANADROMNS SPECIES OF THE ATLANTIC COAST, IT HAS SINCE BEEN TRANSPLANTED TO THE PACIFIC COAST AND INTO LAKES AND IMPOUNDMENTS THROUGH OUT THE UNITED STATES*9685*." HEP = "RIVERINE V1 PERCENT NATURAL RIVER DISCHARGE DURING SPAWNING: MAXIMUM UNKOWN, MINIMUM HABITAT SUITABILITY DECREASES IN PROPORTION TO THE REDUCTION IN DISCHARGE, OPTIMUM 100%. RIVERINE V2 MAXIMUM TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS) CONCENTRATION DURING SPAWNING: MAXIMUM 5 PPT (PARTS PER THOUSAND), MINIMUM 0 PPT, OPTIMUM 0 TO 0.18 PPT. RIVERINE V3 AVERAGE WATER TEMPERATURE DURING THE SPAWNING SEASON AND PERIOD OF EGG DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMUM 22 C, MINIMUM 13 C, OPTIMUM 17 TO 19 C. RIVERINE AND ESTUARINE V4 MINIMUM DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL DURING EGG AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMUM UNKNOWN, MINIMUM 1 MG/L, OPTIMUM MORE THAN 5 MG/L. RIVERINE V5 AVERAGE CURRENT VELOCITY IN WATER COLUMN DURING PERIODS OF EGG DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMUM UNKNOWN, MINIMUM 29 CM/S, OPTIMUM 31 TO 34 CM/S. ESTUARINE V6 PERCENT ORIGINAL SALT MARSH IN ESTUARY: MAXIMUM 100%, MINIMUM O%, OPTIMUM 100%. ESTUARINE V7 PERCENT OF ORIGINAL FRESHWATER INPUT (AVERAGE VOLUME) TO ESTUARY DURING THE LATE WINTER AND SPRING HIGH FLOW PERIOD: MAXIMUM 100&, MINIMUM O%, OPTIMUM 100%. ESTUARINE V8 AVERAGE WATER TEMPERATURE DURING PERIOD OF LARVAL DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMUM 23 C, MINIMUM 12 C, OPTIMUM 18 C TO 21 C. ESTUARINE V9 AVERAGE SALINITY DURING PERIODS OF LARVAL DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMUM 15 PPT, MINIMUM 0 PPT, OPTIMUM 3 TO 7 PPT. ESTUARINE V10 AVERAGE DISSOLVED OXYGEN DURING THE GROWING SEASON: MAXIMUM UNKNOWN, MINIMUM 1 MG/L, OPTIMUM MORE THAN 5 MG/L. ESTUARINE V11 AVERAGE WATER TEMPERATURE DRUING GROWING SEASON: MAXIMUM 27.5 C, MINIMUM 10 C, OPTIMUM 14 TO 22 C *2545*." R.HEP = "2545" C.HEP = "THE HABITAT SUITABILITY FOR ADULTS IS LIMITED PRIMARILY BY WATER QUALITY *2545*. THE ASUSMPTION FOR RIVER DISCHARGE DURING SPAWNING IS THAT THE OPTIMAL DISCHARGE IS 100% OF THE NATURAL RIVER DISCHARGE FOR THE SPAWNING TIME PERIOD. DISCHARGES OF GREATER THAN 100% ARE NOT THOUGHT TO REDUCE SUITABILITY FOR SPAWNING. REDUCTIONS IN DISCHARGE ARE ASSUMED TO RESULT IN PROPORTIONAL REDUCTIONS IN HABITAT SUITABILITY *2545*. THIS MODEL DOES NOT APPLY TO MARINE EMVORPM,EMTS *2545*." TROPHIC ="CARNIVORE" R.TROPHIC= "2545,7667,8560,9685* FOOD.HABITS = R.FOOD.G = "795,2545,6595,7448,7667,7933,8560" R.FOOD.I = "2545,6595,7667,8560" C.FOOD = "THE INITIAL FEEDING OF THE LARVA REQUIRES A CONCENTRATION OF 1864 NAUPULII PER LITER *2545*. EARLY INSTARS OF COPEPODS ARE PREFERRED UP TO 10 MM IN LENGTH *795*." R.FOOD.L = "795,5219,5581,5988,7458" C.FOOD.L - "THERE ARE FEW STUDIES DONE ON THE NATURAL DIET OF THE LARVAE *9685*. ABOUT TWO WEEKS AFTER HATCHING, THE LARVAE FORAGE NEAR THE BOTTOM *7458*. THEY ARE SUCCESSFULLY CULTURED IN ILLINOIS ON BRINE SHRIMP (ARTEMIA) NAUPULLI *9685*. THE 10 TO 30 MM SIZE CLASS TAKE ADULT COPEPODS, CLODOCERAUS, AND INSECT LARVAE *795*. AT 30 TO 80 MM IN SIZE, CLADOCERANS AND INSECT LARVAE MAKE UP THE MAJOR PORTION OF THE DIET *795*. AT 80 TO 100 MM IN SIZE, THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOD ITEMS ARE INSECT LARVAE *795*." R.FOOD.J = "5157,5219,5253,5678,5689,5716,7448,7667,8942,52025649" C.FOOD.J = JUVENILES APPEAR TO BE OPPORTUNISTIC FEEDERS. THE DIET VARIES WITH LOCALITY *7667*. THE DIET IS LARGELY COMPOSED OF SMALL CRUSTACEANS *7667,5219*. IN A CALIFORNIA LAKE, THREADFIN SHAD MADE UP 45% (BY VOLUME) OF THE DIET *5157*. IN OKLAHOMA CULTURE PONDS, BASS 10 TO 30 MM (STANDARD LENGTH) ATE MAINLY COPEPODS, AND BASS GREATER THAN 30 MM ATE MORE CLADOCERA AND INSECTS. FISH WERE NOT INCLUDED IN THE DIET UNTIL THE BASS REACHED 69 MM, AND WERE NOT AN IMPORTANT PARK OF THE DIET UNTIL THE BASS REACHED 90 MM *5202*. IN VIRGINIA CULTURE PONDS, CLADOCERANS, COPEPODS, AND INSECTS ARE IMPORTANT. 0 CADOCERAN WERE ABUNDANT IN THEIR STOMACHS AND INCREASED WHEN THE BASS REACHED 30 TO 40 MM (TOTAL LENGTH) *5253*." R.FOOD.A = '5065,5079,5157,5427,5578,5649,6595,7448,7667,8560,8942,9205,10756,65956288" C.FOOD.A = "IN AN OKLAHOMA RESEVOIR, GIZZARD SHAD MADE UP 83.4% OF THE DIET, AND 84.6% OF THE DIET IN THE TAILWATER *6288*. IN A CALIFORNIA LAKE, THREADFIN SHAD MADE UP 94% OF THE DIET *5157*. NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE BEEN MADE OF ADULT FOOD HABITS. THE DOMINANT PREY DEPENDS ON THE HABITAT AND AVAILABILITY *7667*. IN INLAND WATER, STRIPED BASS ARE CHIEFLY PISCIVOROUS (MAINLY CLUPEIDS), EXCEPT DURING THE LATE SPRING WHEN MAYFLIES WERE THE DOMINANT FOOD ITEMS *6595*. ENVIRON.ASSOC = "Breeding Adult-Turbidity: Clear water,Breeding Adult-Substrate Type: Mud/silt,Breeding Adult-Substrate Type: Sand,Breeding Adult-Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rubble,Breeding Adult-Water Velocity: 3.0-3.5 fps,Breeding Adult-Water Level: Permanently flooded,Breeding Adult-Water Depth: 1-5 ft.,Breeding Adult-Water Depth: 5-10 ft., Breeding Adult-Water Depth: 10-25 ft.,Breeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Permanent stream,Egg-Dissolved Oxygen: High [> 7 mg/1] concentrations,Egg-Water Velocity: > 3.5 fps,Egg-Water Level: Permanently flooded,Egg-Water Depth: 5-10 ft.,Feeding Adult-Dissolved Oxygen: High [> 7 mg) concentrations,Feeding Adult-Substrate: Unattached,Feeding Adult-Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water zone,Feeding Adult-Water Level: Permanently flooded,Feeding Adult-Water Depth: 10-25 ft.,Feeding Adult-Inland Wetlands: Pond(lake)resevoir,Feeding Juvenile-Dissolved Oxygen: High [> 7 mg/1] concentratopms,Feeding Juvenile-Substrate: Unattached,Feeding Juvenile-Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand,Feeding Juvenile-Water Level: Permanently flooded,Feeding Juvenile-Salinity: Salt concentrations 500-30,000 mg/1,Feeding Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Permanent stream,Feeding Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Pond/lake/reservoir,Feeding Larva-Water Temperature: 15-21 degrees C,Feeding Larva-Dissolved Oxygen: Moderate [5-7 mg/1] concentrations, Feeding Larva-Water pH: 6.5-8.5, General-Water Temperature: 15-21 degrees C,General-Dissolved Oxygen: High [> 7 mg/1] concentrations,General-Dissolved Oxygen: Moderate [5-7 mg/1] concentrations, General-Water pH: 6.5-8.5, General-Substrate Type: Mud/silt, General-Substrate Type: Sand,General-Substrate: Unattached,General-Water Velocity: > 3.5 fps,General-Salinity: Salt concentrations 500-30,000 mg/1,Gemera;-Water Depth: 1-5 ft.,General-Water Depth: 5-10 ft.,General-Water Depth: 10-25 ft.,Limiting-Water Temperature: > 27 degrees C,Limiting-Water Temperature: 15-21 degrees C,Limiting-Water Temperature: < 15 degrees C,Limiting-Dissolved Oxygen: Moderate [5-7 mg/1] concentrations, Limiting-Total Dissolved Solids: < 5,000 ppm,Resting Adult-Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water zone,Resting Adult-Water Level: Permanently flooded,Resting Adult-Inland Wetlands: Pond/lake/reservoir,Resting Juvenile-Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand,Resting Juvenile-Water Level: Permanently flooded, Resting Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Permanent stream, Resting Juvenile-Inland Wetlands: Pond/lake/reservoir,Resting Larva-Water Level: Permanently flooded,-" R.ENVIRON = "795,1641,6595,7448,7667,7933,9685,9784" R.ENVIRON,LIM = "795,1641,2545,7667,8560,9685" C.ENVIRON = "THE OPTIMAL RIVER FLOW IS 100% OF THE NATURAL FLOW *2545*. THE MINlMUM VELOCITES NEEDED TO MAINTAIN SUSPENSION OF THE EGGS IS 30 CM/SECOND *2545*. THE OPTIMAL RANGE OF TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS IS FROM 100 TO 900 PPM *795*. R.ENVIRON.E = "5392,5450,5752,5871,6040,6127,7667,9784,10757,48645822" C.ENVIRON.E = "EGGS STAND A GREATER CHANCE OF SURVIVAL WHEN D.O. CONCENTRATIONS ARE GREATER THAN 5 MG/LITER *7667*. A SUFFICIENT FLOW IS NEEDED TO KEEP THE EGGS SUSPENDED IN THE WATER COLUMN UNTIL HATCHING *1187*. IN A CALIFORNIA LAB STUDY 88% OF THE EGGS HATCHED AT A WATER TEMPERATURE OF 55 DEGREES F, 85% AT 62 TO 64 DEGREES F, AND 97% AT 67 TO 69 DEGREES F *6040*. THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE FOR HATCHING IN ANOTHER LAB STUDY WAS 10 DEGREES C *5450*. APPARENTLY A CURRENT OF AT LEAST 1 FOOT/SECOND IS REQUIRED TO KEEP THE EGGS IN SUSPENSION *6040*. THE EGGS MUST BE KEPT IN SUSPENSION DURING INCUBATION *6040,5752,5392*. IN A CALIFORNIA LAB STUDY, THE EGGS SEEMED TO HATCH BETTER WHEN EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT *6040*." R.ENVIRON.FL = "795,4864,5450,5664,5871,6040,6051" C.ENVIRON.FL = "THE OPTIMAL RANGE OF TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS IS FROM 100 TO 900 PPM *795*. TOXIC LEVELS OF ZINC ARE 0.28 PPM, COPPER 0.05 PPM, AND ALUMINUM 0.02 PPM *795*. FROM 0 TO 10% SALINITY IS OPTIMAL FOR THE SURVIVAL OF LARVAE *5450*." IN A ORTH CAROLINA LAB STUDY, THE FRY FROM EGGS INCUBATED AND HATCHED IN WATER AT 70 DEGREES F SHOWED NO PERIOD AFTER HATCHING, THE PERCENT OF NORMAL FRY DECREASED WITH INCREASED WATER TEMPERATURES, AND AT 74 TO 80 DEGREES F, NO FRY SURVIVED *5664*. 97% OF THE LARVAE WERE ALIVE AFTER 72 HOURS IN WATER 62 TO 64 DEGREEES F *6040*." R.ENVIRON.RL = "5450,5664,6040,6051,7667,9784,20161,48645871" C.ENVIRON.RL - "THE OPTIMM FLOW RATE FOR LARVAE IS FROM 0.3 TO 1.0 MLS *9784*. MUCH OF THE INFORMATION ON LARVAE IS GROUPED WITH THE INFORMATION ON JUVENILES *9685*. IN A NORTH CAROLINA LAB STUDY, PRY FROM EGGS INCUBATED AMD HATCHED IN WATER AT 70 DEGREES F SHOWED NO MORTALITY. IN A 76 HOUR PERIOD AFTER HATCHING THE PERCENT OF NORMAL FRY DECREASED WITH INCREASED WATER TEMPERATURES, AND AT 74 TO 80 DEGREES F, NO FRY SURVIVED *5664*. IN A CALIFORNIA LAB STUDY, 97Z OF THE LARVAE WERE ALIVE AFTER 72 HOURS IN WATER 62 TO 64 DEGREES F *6040*. FROM 0 TO 10Z SALINITY IS OPTIMAL FOR THE SURVIVAL OF LARVAE *5450*.n R.ENVIRON.FJ = "4903,5973,6104,6122,6172,6325,7667,9784,49234966" C.ENVIRON.FJ = nTHE JUVENILES USUALLY OCCUPY SHALLOW ESTUARIES, RIVERSi OR BAYS WHERE THEY FEED ON SMALL CRUSTACEANS AND FISH *7667,8560,7074*. THEY CAN ALSO BE FOUND OVER GRAVELLY REACHES *'7448*. IN AN ILLINOIS POND STUDY, THEY STOPPED FEEDING WHEN THE TEMPERATURE WAS LESS THAN 7 DEGREES C, AND FED WELL IN THE FALL AND WINTER WHEN TEMPERATURES WERE GREATER THAN 10 DEGREES C. IN THE SPRING, THEY BEGAN FEEDING WHEN THE TEMPERATURE WAS GREATER THAN 16 DEGREES C,' AND DIDN'T FEED IN THE SUtlMER IF THE TEMPERATURE WAS GREATER THAN 29 DEGREES C *5973*. IN AN ILLINOIS POND STUDY, THEY SURVIVED D.O. AS LOW AS 1.2 HGILITER ON 2 OCCASIONS *5973*. IN ALABAMA CULTURE PONDS, THE CRITICAL D.O. LEVEL WAS 6 NGILITER *6122*. IN A TEIVNESEE RESEVOIR, THEY SEEMED TO PREFER A SANDY SHORELINE HABITAT *6104*. IN A TENNESEE LAB STUDY, INCREASED WATER VELOCITY. SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE AREA RANGED BY JUVENILE STRIPED BASS *6172*." R.ENVIRON.RJ = "4903,4923,4966,5973,6104,6122,6172,6325" C.ENVIRON.RJ = "IN AN ILLINOIS POND STUDY, THEY SURVIVED D.O. AS LOW AS 1.2 MGILITER ON 2 OCCASIONS *5973*. IN ALABAMA CULTURE PONDS, THE CRITICAL D.O. LEVEL WAS 6 MGILITER *6122*. IN A TENNESEE RESEVOIR, THEY SEEMED TO PREFER SANDY SHORELINE HABITAT *6104*. IN A TENNESEE LAB STUDY, INCREASED WATER VELOCITY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE AREA RANGED BY JUVENILE STRIPED BASS *6172*" R.ENVIRON.FA = "842,4910,5199,5676,6111,6595,7448,7667,7933,8560,8942,92051187" C.ENVIRON.FA = "THEY ARE FOUND IN TAILWATERS' *5199*. LAKES AND RESERVOIRS WITH ABUNDANT AQUATIC VEGETATION ARE UNSUITABLE *6111*. THEY MUST HAVE SOME SPECIES OF CLUPEID FISH PRESENT FOR FORAGE *6111*. IN LANDLOCK POPULATIONS STRIPED BASS USUALLY FEED ON SCHOOLS OF SHAD AT OR NEAR THE SURFACE. THE PEAK FEEDING IS USUALLY AROUND DAWN AND DUSK *7933,1187*. THERE ARE SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE DIET, WITH 50Z OF THE STOMACHS FULL IN THE SUMMER AND FALL AND 70Z FULL IN THE WINTER AND SPRING *8942*." R.ENVIRON.RA - "1187,4910,5199,5676,6111" C.ENVIRON.RA = "THEY ARE FOUND IN TAILWATERS' *5199*. LAKES AND RESERVOIRS WITH ABUNDANT AQUATIC VEGETATION ARE UNSUITABLE *6111*." R.ENVIRON.BA - "1187,1641,5324,5654,5664,5665,6040,6041,6054,6289,50805764- C.ENVIRON.BA = "THE ADULTS ARE ANADROMUS OR POTADROMOUS, SPAWNING UPSTREAM IN RIVERS, FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE FALL LINE *7448*. THE EGGS ARE BROADCAST IN THE CURRENT OVER A VARIETY OF SUBSTRATES *1641*. INSTEAD OF THE SPECIFIC RANGES LISTED, MISSOURI USED THE FOLLOWING TERMS: NO NOTICEABLE CURRENT,. SLOW CURRENT, MODERATE CURRENT, ANDIOR SWIFT CURRENT. IN NORTH CAROLINA, THEY SPAWN WHEN WATER TEMPERATURES REACH 55 TO 71 DEGREES F, WITH THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 62 AlVD'67 DEGREES F *5665,5664*. IN OKLAHOMA, THEY BEGAN SPAWNING WHEN THE WATER WAS FROM 15.5 TO 18.5 DEGREES C, AND ENDED WHEN THE WATER WAS FROM 17 TO 26.5 DEGREES C *6289*. IN SOUTH CAROLINA, THE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR SPAWNING WAS 58 DEGREES F *5654*. THEY SPAWN IN TRIBUTARIES TO THE RESERVOIR *5654,6289*." LIFE.HIST "PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: THIS SPECIES IS ELONGATE, AND SILVERY WHITE WITH LONGITUDINAL LINES. THE DORSAL FINS ARE SEPARATE, AND THE SECOND ANAL SPIKE IS SHORTER THAN THE THIRD. THE BACK OF, THE TONGUE HAS TWO PATCHES OF TEETH. THE ADULT SIZE IS FROM 450 TO 2000 MH TL *9685. IREPRODUCTION: THE SPAWNING SEASON IS FROM FEBRUARY TO JULY DEPENDING ON THE LATITUDE *6595,1641*. THE EGGS HATCH IN 48 HOURS AT 17 TO 21 DEGREES C *1641*. FECUNDITY ESTIMATES VARY FROM 10000 TO 40507500 WITH AN AVERAGE OF ABOUT 700000 *1641*. THEY SPAWN ONCE A YEAR WITH SPAWNING COMPLETED WITHIN A FEW HOURS *7667,1641*. THE AGE AT MATURITY VARIES, WITH THE MALES PRIMARILY MATURE AT 2 YEARS AND THE FEMALES DURING THEIR FOURTH OR FIFTH YEAR *7667*. SPAWNING _JS USUALLY HEAR THE SURFACE WITH ONE FEMALE AND UP TO 50 MALES *7667*. MOST STRIPERS OVER 11 YEARS OF AGE ARE FEMALES, AND A 29 TO 31 YEAR OLD STRIPED BASS WAS CAUGHT IN RHODE ISLAND *7667*. FEMALES REACH MATURITY AT TOTAL LENGTHS OF FROM 432 'TO 457 M, AND MALES ARE MATURE AT 174 TO 254 M TOTAL LENGTH. THE LARVAL STAGE LASTS 35 TO 50 DAYS, AND THE LARVAE BEGIN ACTIVE FEEDING AT 8 DAYS. THE JUVENILE STAGE LASTS FROM 35 TO 50 DAYS. YOUNG FEMALES PRODUCE BETWREN 14, 000 AND 65, 000 EGGS, WHILE OLDER FEMALES MAY PRODUCE,UP TO 5,000,000 EGGS *2545*. SPAWNING ACTIVITY MAY SLOW FROM I TO 3 PEAKS. THESE PEAKS ARE APPARENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASES IN WATER TEMPERATURE *2545*. THE EGGS ARE SPHERICAL, SEMI- BUOYANT, NONADHESIVE, AND APPROXIMATELY 1.3 MN IN DIAMETER AT FERTILIZATION AT 22 DEGREES C OR ABOUT 80 HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION AT 11 DEGREES C. THE LARV* STAGE IS DIVIDED INTO 3 PHASES, YOLK SAC (3 TO 9 DAYS AT 5 TO 8 M TL), FINFOLD (METAMORPHOSING STAGE 11 DAYS AT .12 hM TL)., AND POST FIN-FOLD (20 TO 30 DAYS AT 20 MH TL) *2545*. THE FACTORS INFLUENCING REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL OF EGGS INCLUDE: (1) WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, (2) WIND AND WAVE ACTION, (3) WATER QUALITY, (4) AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL COVER, (5) AIR AND WATER TEMPERATURE, (6) INVERTEBRATE AND FISH PREDATION AND (7) HUMAN ACTIVITY *1272*. DURING SPAWNING, I @FEMALE IS USUALLY SURROUNDED BY SEVERAL MALES *1187,5324*. INCREASED WATER TEMPERATURE RESULTS IN A DECREASED INCUBATION PERIOD. A SOUTH CAROLINA STUDY, FOUND THE SMALLEST MATURE MALE TO BE 1 YEAR OLD ALTHOUGH MOST WERE MATURE AT 2 YEARS. ABOUT 23Z OF THE FEMALES -WERE MAT. AT 4 YEARS, 65Z AT 5, AND 85Z AT 6 YEARS *5654 *. I BEHAVIOR: THIS IS A NON- TERRITORIAL MIGRATORY SPECIES *7667*. IN THE ATLANTIC, A SEASONAL MIGRATION OCCURS ALONG THE COAST WITH SPAWNING MIGRATIONS INTO FRESBWATER WRING THE SPRING *7667,1641*. IT IS NOT A STEADY FEEDER AND MEMBERS OF A SCHOOL NORMALLY FEED AT ABOUT THE SAME TIME. PEAK FEEDING TIMES ARE DAWN AND DUSK. SCHOOLING SPECIES ARE USUALLY THE DOMINANT PREY. THE YOUNG FEED NEAR THE BOTTOM ON CRUSTACEANS AND INVERTEBRATES *7667,8560,1641*. THEIR DEVELOPMENT IS RAPID, AND THE EGGS HATCH IN 48HOURS AT 17 TO 21 DEGREES C *1641*. IN SOUTH CAROLINA, THEY SPAWNED IN THE DAYTIME AND AT NIGHT, AND 1 POPULATION SHOWED A SLIGHT PREFERENCE FOR SPAWNING IN THE DAYTIME *5392*. IN AN ILLINOIS LAB STUDY, FRY 9 TO 19 DAYS OLD REt4AINED ACTIVE AND CONTINUED TO FEED AT MIGHT *5409*. FINGERLINGS FED AT A HIGH RATE IN AN ALABAMA CULTURE POND *6122*. IN A TENNESEE RESEVOIR, THE RELATIVE MORTALITY INCREASED WITH INCREASED STOCKING RATES *6104*. DISPERSAL FROM STOCKING SITES WAS RAPID *6104*. THIS SPECIES WILL SCHOOL AS ADULTS *1187,617-2*, HOWEVER, JUVENILES 'EXHIBIT ONLY WEAKLY POLARIZED SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR *6172*. IN VIRGINA CULTURE PONDS, SCHOOLING OF FINGERLINGS WAS NOTED *5253*. THEY WILL HYBRIDIZE WITH WHITE BASS *5518*, AND THE SURVIVAL OF HYBRIDS IN A TENNESEE RESEVOIR WAS HIGH *5518*. 1 ILINITING FACTORS: THE ADULTS HAVE FEW IF ANY PREDATORS IN INLAND POPULATIONS. THE YOUNG ARE VULNERABLE TO PREDATION BY THE ADULTS AND OTHER PISCIVORVS SPECIES *9685,7667*. THE AVAILABILITY OF FORAGE SPECIES MAY LIMIT THE POPULATION SIZE. THERE ARE NO NATURALLY REPRODUCING POPULATIONS IN ILLINOIS *9685*. 1POPULATION PARAMETERS: THE SEX RATIO VARIES WITH LOCALITY, ALTHOUGH 90Z OF THE INDIVIDUALS TAKEN IN COASTAL WATERS ARE FEMALES *7667,7933*. THE RATIO ON THE SPAWNING GROUNDS ARE AGE SPECIFIC WITH MALES DOMINATING THE YOUNGER AGE CLASSES *7667*. THEY LIVE ABOUT 12 YEARS, WITH YEAR CLASSES 3 TO 6 DOMINANT*7667*. THE GROWTH OF THIS SPECIES IS INVERSELY RELATED TO THE POPULATION DENSITY, AND CURVILINEARLY RELATED TO THE FORAGE CROP. THEY ARE FOOD DEPENDENT AT LOW FOOD AVAILABILITY, AND FOOD INDEPENDENT AT HIGH FOOD AVAIWILITY. THE ELEMENTS USED TO MODEL A BASS POPULATION IN A RESERVOIR INCLUDE: (1) A MINIMM OF 25 POUNDS PER ACRE OF PREDATOR (BASS), (2) A MINIMOM OF 75 POUNDS PER ACRE OF PLANKTON FEEDERS (I.E., SHAD), (3) A MINIMM OF 100 POUNDS PER ACRE OF BOTTOM FEEDERS (I.E., CATFISH). THE PROBUCTION OF THESE THREE FACTORS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE FERTILITY OF THE WATER, CLIMATE, WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, THE SHAPE OF BASIN AND SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION *1292*. THE BIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE EARLY LIFE STAGES INCLUDE: (1) SIZE OF THE SPAWNING POPULATION, (2) PREDATION AND CAMNIBALISM, (3) DISEASE AND FUNGI (IMPORTANT IN HATCHERIES, NOT IMPORTANT IN WILD POFULATIONS)@ AND (4) STARVATION (IMPORTANT IN HATCHERIES, NOT EVIDENT IN WILD POPULATIONS) *1155*. FACTORS USED TO ESTIMATE THE STANDING CROP OF BASS INCLUDE: (1) THE WATER DEPTH AND AREA OF WATERSHED AND AREA UNDERWATER, (2) THE FERTILITY OF WATER AND WATERSHED, (3) THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE SYSTEM, (4) A POPULATION ESTIMATE, (5) THE AVERAGE SEASONAL WATER TEMPERATURE AND (6) THE LENGTH OF THE GROWING SEASON *2643*. IN SOUTH CAROLINA, THE MALE:FEMALE SEX RATIO WAS 40:60 *5654*. THE ADULTS ARE CORHONLY FROM 5 TO 20 POUNDS, ALTHOUGH GROWTH IS QUITE VARIABLE, AND FEMALES GROW MORE RAPIDLY THAN THE MALES. A 7 YEAR OLD FISH FROM TAUM SAUK RESEVOIR WAS 28 INCHES AND 13.25 POUNDS. IN LAKE OF THE OZARKS, FISH STOCKED IN 1970 WEIGHED 3.75 TO 5.5 POUNDS AND WERE FROM 18 TO 22 LONG IN 1973 *1187*. IN SOUTH CAROLINA, THE GREATEST GROWTH IN LENGTH OCCURRED DURING THE IST 3 YEARS OF LIFE *5654*. IN A TENNESEE LAB STUDY, FLUCTUATING TMfPEXATURES EMAMCED GROWTH RATE *5039*. 1 AQUATICI TERRESTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS: PREDATORS OF THE LARVAE INCLUDE AQUATIC INSECTS, BLUEGILL, GREEN SUNFISH, CRAPPIE, FLATHEAD MINNOW, AND MOSQUITOPISH *795*. THE STRIPED BASS, HORONE SAKATILIS,' IS A MARINE AND ESTUARINE SPECIES NATIVE TO THE ATLANTIC COASTAL REGION FROM CANADA TO FLORIDA, AND THE GULF OF MEXICO COAST FROM FLORIDA TO LOUISIANA (02:576). IT IS ANADROMOUS (EXCEPT FOR LANDLOCKED INTRODUCED POPULATIONS), TYPICALLY SPAWNING IN RIVERS JUST AHEAD OF TIDAL INFLUENCE (02.576). IN PENNSYLVANIA, THE STRIPED BASS IS NATIVE TO THE DELAWARE RIVER, ESTUARY, AND THE TIDAL TRIBUTARIES, AND THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER (05:2.4;06:10). HOWEVER, IT IS DOUBTFUL THAT SPAWNING OCCURRED IN THE SUSQUEHANNA (00). STRIPED BASS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED TO OTHER LAKES AND RIVERS IN THE STATE (07)." R.LIFE-HIST*- "795,1187,1310,1641,2545,5199,6040.6104,7667,7933,8285,8560,9685,61725752" MANAGEMENT - "ADVERSE-MAINTAINING DRY STREAM BEDS ANDIOR GULLIES, ADVERSE-Draining wetlands, marshes, ponds, lake s, ADVERSE- CHANNELIZATION, ADVERSE- CONSTRUCTION OF NAVIGATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS (DAKS, LOCKS, ETC.), ADVERSE-DREDGING, ADVERSE- Cont ro 1 ling undesirable vertebrate spec i e s, BENEFICIAL- RESTRICTING/ REGULATING HUMAN DISTURBANCE OF POFULATIONS,BENEFICIAL-LOCATING CULVERT OUTLETS TO BE BELOW STREARBED LEVELS, BENEFICIAL-DEVELOPINGIMAIJVTAINING SUITABLE SALINITY, BENEFICIAL-DEVELOPING IMAINTAINING SUITABLE PH, BENEFICIAL-Developing Imaintaining 1protecting wetlands, BENEFICIAL-Controlling sedimentation, BENEFICIAL-Controlling, pollution,[thermal, chemical, physical],-" R.HGT.B - P1187,5518,5752,5893,5933,5969,6111,6127,6323,7667,9685,49105376- R.MGT.A m 7667,9685- R.MGT.E - "968511 C.RGT - "THIS SPECIES IS STOCKED IN MISSOURI AS A CONTRIBUTION TO THE FISHERY AND TO UTILIZE GIZZARD SHAD*1187*. THEY ARE POPULAR FOR STOCKING SINCE THEY GROW RAPIDLY, ATTAIN A LARGE SIZE, AND UTILIZE ABUNDANT SHAD *6104*. IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U.S., STOCKING FINGERLINGS IS GENERALLY THE MOST SATISFACTORY METHOD *6111*. THEY MST HAVE SUITABLE SPAWNING AREAS IF THE POPULATION IS TO BE SELF-SUSTAINING *5752*. IN A TEXAS RESEVOIR, WHITE BASS AND STRIPED BASS HYBRIDS GREW RAPIDLY AND HAD HIGH SURVIVAL. THE RECREATIONAL BENEFITS OF STOCKING HYBRIDS SURPASSED THE COSTS *5518*. WHITE BASS AND STRIPED BASS HYBRIDS HAD FASTER EARLY GROWTH AND HIGHER SURVIVAL THAN STRIPED BASS *5969*. AN OKLAHOMA POND CULTURE RECOMMENDED 1) PROVIDE AN ABUNDANCE OF COPEPODS EARLY IN THE SEASON, AND CLADOCERANS AND INSECT LARVAE LATE IN SEASON, 2) DELAY ADDING FORAGE. FISH UNTIL THE STRIPED BASS ARE 4 TO 5 INCHES LONG AND 3) SOFT-RAYED FISH OF FUSIFORff BODY SHAPE ARE THE BEST FORAGE *5202*. IN ALABAMA, STRIPED BASS CULTURE IN CONTINUOUSLY AERATED PONDS PRODUCED 2.4 TIMES THENUMBER OF FINGERLINGS PRODUCED BY C0NVENTXOJVAL METHODS *5527*. IN OKLAHOMA, PLANKTON WAS USED AS FOOD IN THE HATCHERY PRIOR TO RELEASE INTO CULTURE PONDS *5640*. IN ALABAMA, THE BEST RESPONSE TO FEEDING WAS OBTAINED WHEN THE SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE WAS GREATER THAN 10 DEGREES C. THE AVERAGE SURVIVAL, MAN PRODUCTION, AND FOOD CONVERSION OF FINGERLINGS WERE BEST AT THE FOLLOWING FEEDING RATES: 1OZ OF BODY WEIGHT JULY 7TH TO THE 31ST, 7Z OF BODY WEIGHT FROM AUGUST IST THROUGH THE 31ST, 6Z OF BODY WEIGHT FROM SEPTEMBER IST THROUGH THE 30TH, AND 5Z BODY WEIGHT FROM OCTOBER 1ST TO THE 31ST *6122*. IN OKLAHOMA, STRIPED BASS PREYED ON TROUT AFTER TROUT STOCKING *5065*. AN ILLINOIS STUDY CONCLUDED THAT STRIPED BASS ARE WELL-SUITED TO BE A POND REARED FOOD FISH *5973*. ONE STUDY RECOMMENDED MANAGING ONLY THE DOMINANT YEAR CLASSES TO OPTMIZE YIELDS *5033*. n ALL. REFS 10864* ROBINS, C.R., BAILEY, R.M., BOND, C.E., BROOKER, J.R., LACHNER, E.A., LEA, R.N. 1980. A LIST OF COMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF FISHES FROM THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 4TH EDITION.SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO-12. SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.12. (12 THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY - BETHESDA,MD: 174. I I I I I I I I @. I I I I I I 'I I I @ III I I I 1 3 6668 14102 3749 -@ 'I