Memorandum on significant fish and wildlife habitat Hudson River--NYC to Troy Dam (Task 7.3)

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

CENTER

MEMORANDUM
ON
,5IGN3_FLCA_W FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT
HUDSON RIVER NYC TO TROY DAM

(TASK 7.3)

Ise

Sab@

.. .... ... ......

QL
628
N7
M46
1976

New York-State Department of Environmental Conservation
:2

COASTAL ZONE
INFORMATION CENTER

'MEMORANDUM

Significant Fish and Wildlife Habitat
Hudson River NYC to Troy Dam
(Task 7.3).

Propczty of CSC Library

The preparation of this report was financially aided through a Federal Grant
.from the Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.

This report was prepared under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 for the
Division of State Planning, Department of State

June 1976

Grant Number: 04-5-158-50002
Q . DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOESON AVENUE
CHARLESTON SC 29405-2413
r4- WA

Introduction

This report identifies and briefly describes significant coastal
related fish and wildlife habitats in the Hudson Valley from the
federal dam at Troy to New York City. It consists of a series of
individual map reports keyed to a marked set of USGS 7@21 topographic
maps covering the lower Hudson River. It is intended primarily for
use.as.-one of several- in-house reference documents contributing to the
completion of the Department of Environmental Conservation2s.contract-ual
-bbligations -in the Coastal.Zune Management progrm.

Several procedures were to (1) develop a list of habitat categories
C@
of interest, (2)1ocate and establish the boundaries of each habitat
unit considered significant and (3) suggest an outer limit for a
coastal zone boundary which would encompass each habitat as a functional
unit. Areas were identified through review and analysis of all available
information; consultation with knowledgeable individuals and field checks
as appropriate.

Categories mapped as individual units include:

1. Tributaries- from mouth to first impassable barrier to fish,movement.

2. Wetlands - General. Detailed mapping and inventory is the subject
of a separate task.

3. Mudflats

4., Littoral zone low tide line.to a depth of l8feet at mean lowwater.

5. Deepwater - areas greater than 50 feet in depth at mean low water.

6. Unique ecological areas.

7. Public access sites.

Criteria used to establish significance were:

1. Habitat for species classified as rare, endangered or threatened.

2. Ecologically unique

3. Habitat essential to a critical phase in the life cycle of a species.

4. High productivity.

5. Supports high level of recreational and/or commercial use.

6. Provides public access

,.Specific-areas were assessed as significant based on existing
documentation whenever possible. Mostly, however, subjective
judgments were made based on the assessment of professionals, the
credentials of lay observers and an accrual of similar assessments of
individual areas.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #1
Troy North Quad .(1954)

Introduction

The Troy dam marks the upper extent of the tidal influence in
the Hudson. Land use in the coastal zone portion of this quad is
primarily industrial and residential., encompassing the cities of Troy
and Green Island.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Tributary #237 (no Name) and its trib., the Salt Kill are
accessible for 3.7 miles. Utilization of this tributary system
by anadromous species is unknown, but potentially could serve as
spawning stream for alewife, blueback herring and white perch.
Marsh areas along this trih. as indicated on the USGS quad are
non-existent today due to extensive landfill and waste disposal
.that has occurred here.

2. Wetlands
None

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
None

4. Littoral zones (181 depth contour and less)
-The main river immediately below the Troy dam has a small, but
important section of rocky shoals and channel areas, which are a
concentration area for several fish species. Some spawning of
striped bass, American shad, alewife, blueback herring and white
perch is known to occur in this area. The main channel below the
dam is also used sporadically by rafting waterfowl. Fishing pressure
by boat and shore anglers is heavy during the spring and early
summer when the stripers are abundant.

5. Deepwater Habitat
None

6. 'Unique Ecological Areas
None

7. Public Access
The only known points of access to the coastal zone resource
are the banks of the river, immediately below the dam. While these
lands are not public, fishermen are able to get to the banks. There
are no.boat launching facilities in this area. Boat anglers either
come from considerable distance up or down river, or represent local
people with boats docked in the immediate area...

-COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #72
Troy South Quad (1953)

Introduction

This area is urban in nature encompassing the cities of GreenIsland,
Troy, Watervliet, Menands, Albany and Rensselaer. There is an area of
relatively natural-habitat between Rensselaer and Troy along the east
bank of the river. The west bank between Albany and Watervliet in no
way resembles the 1953 quad. Construction of 1-787 and,encroachment of-
the Albany waterfront industries has resulted in filling of nearly the
entire course of the Little River and substantial areas of marsh.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Tributary _4r237 (no name) was described in Map report -#1.

The Poesten Kill is a well known spawning stream for alewives
and blueback herring. The stream is accessible for 1.3 miles. Some
scap netting of herring occurs in the spring on this stream.

The Wynants Kill, although not accessible for a substantial
distance, may provide additional spawning habitat for herrings.

The Little River is accessible for approximately 1.5 miles.
Use by anadromous species of fish is unknown.

Mill Creek is accessible for 1.3 miles. Useby anadromous
fish is unknown.

2. Wetlands
A small plot of marsh in fairly natural condition exists
along T-237, just to the west of Green Island. The marsh supports
a minimal number of migratory waterfowl and receives sporadic
hunting. The frincres of this marsh are being used for some dumping
of trash.

A substantial area of lowlands and wetlands exists between the
Little River and Albany City limit. Although in a state of severe
deterioration, this area probably supports limited numbers of
migratory waterfowl and upland game birds.

A small plot of marsh occurs along an embayment to the east.
shore of the main river at North Greenbush, which supports minimal
numbers of waterfowl. Occasional waterfowl hunting occurs in this
area.

Papscanee Marsh, indicated in the extreme lower left corner of
the overlay, will be described in Map Repart #5.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
None

4. 'Littoral zones (181 depth contour and less)
..The navigation channel occupies nearly the entire width of
the river in this section. Littoral zone is restricted to the fringe
areas between the channel and shoreline areas.

The area.from the northern edge of the map, south to Starbuck
Island and the mouth of T-237, is the only significant area of
littoral zone on this quad. These shoals are known as a spawning
ground for striped bass, American shad, alewife, blueback herring,
and white perch. Fishing pressure by boat and shore anglers is
heavy during the spring and early summer when the stripers are
abundant.

S. Deepwater Habitat
None

6. Unique Ecological Areas
Papscanee Marsh, to be discussed in Map Report #5.

7. Public Access
Three major access points on this quad ., are both banks of the
river immediately below the Troy dam, the mouth of the Poesten Kill,
and from the railroad service road between Rensselaer and the Troy
City line. None of these areas.are publicly owned.

COASTAI ZONE MAP REPORT #3
Albany Quad (1953).

Introduction

Both banks of the river are developed with heavy industrial
installations. No significant shoreward wildlife habitat is available.
The main channel serves as a rafting area for a very few waterfowl.and
as a migratory path for anadromous fish, but is not a significant spawning
,area.

Habitat types

1. Tributaries
None

2. Wetlands
None

3. Mudflats (expose d at low tide)
None

4. Littoral zone (181 depth contour and less)
Minimal,, and not considered significant.

5. Deepwater habitat
None

6. Unique Ecological Areas
None

7. Public Access
None

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #4
Delmar, Quad (1953)

Introduction
Substantial portions of significant coastal related habitat exist
in the segment. The only developed areas are the Port of Albanyl tank
farms at Albany and Rensselaer, and the Village of Castleton-on-Hudson.

Habitat TvDes

1. Tributaries
Normans Kill Creek is accessible to anadromous fish for 4.0
miles, and is probably utilized as a spawning stream by alewives
and blueback herring. Cabbage and Beacon Islands form a part of
the stream mouth complex. These lowlands and small plots of wetland
provide some habitat for waterfowl, upland game birds and an
occasional deer.

The Vloman Kill (accessible for 1.1 miles), Binnen Kill (4.6 mi.),
Muitzes Kill (1.9 mi. ) and Vlockie Kill (0.8 mi.) may all be
spawning streams for herrings.

The Moordener Kill and Papscanee Creek system are discussed in
Map Report 4--,'S.

2. Wetlands
Small plots of wetlands exist along the west bank at the mouth
of the Normans Kill,, at the mouth of Trib. 221, on Schemerhorn Island,
and at the junction of the Muitzes Kill and Schodack Creek. Of
these, the most important are at the mouth of Trib 221, and the
junction of Muitzes Kill and Schodack Creek. Both areas support small
numbers of waterfowl and some hunting pressure.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide).
Two small mudflats occur on this quad . one along the east bank,
CD
just north of Castleton-on-Hudson and one on the west bank south of
Trib 221. These flats are important feeding areas for waterfowl,
shorebirds and songbirds.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Substantial areas of littoral zone occur between the channel-
boundaries and shoreline. This type of habitat in this region serves
as nursery area for young herrings, shad, striped bass and white
perch, and as spawning and feeding areas for most of the resident freshwater
C)
species in the river.

5. Deepwater Habitat
None

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Hudson River Valley Commission listed the "Cliffs west -of--'--
Shad and Schemerhorn Islands" as an area of biological significance.
This area was noted for rare plants, rare animals, areas of rare
ecological niches, and areas with landscape values.

7. Public Access
No developed access sites are available, however the access
situation is considered good through private lands. There are no
known fishermen concentration points. Marshes at Trib 221 and at
the Nuitzes Kill/Schodack Creek junctionare focal points for
hunters.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #5
East Greenbush Quad (1953.)

Introduction

The dominant ecological feature is the Papscanee Marsh. The
only developed areas in this segment are the tank farms and railroad
[email protected], and the Village of Castleton.;--on-Hudson..

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
The Papscanee Creek System encompasses 11.8 miles of
accessible streams which may be used as spawning grounds for herrings
and white perch, and supports large numbers of freshwater resident
fish species. This system has the largest amount of accessible
mileage of all.the Hudson tributaries.

The Moordener Kill is accessible for 1.5 miles and may also be a
spawning stream for herrings.

2. Wetlands
Papseanee Marsh is the northernmost large marsh in the study
area. The marsh is approximately 5 miles long, and '-2 mile wide at
the widest point. It is rated as one of the most valuable and
productive marshes in the Upper Hudson Valley by regional wildlife
biologists. Large numbers of waterfowl, upland game birds, muskrats,
rabbits and occasional deer utilize this area. Much of this use
by wildlife.is attributed,to the availability of domestic corn and
vegetable crops grown on Papscanee Island. Considerable hunting
of waterfowl occurs.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
None

4. Littoral Zone (18' depth contour and less)
The first two miles of Papscanee Creek upstream from its mouth
has a broad backwater which is entirely littoral zone. This type of
habitat serves as spawning, nursery and feeding grounds. for alewife,
blueback herring, shad, white perch, striped bass and most of the
freshwater resident fish species.

5. Deepwater Habitats
None

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Hudson River Valley Commission lists the Papscanee Marsh
as an area of biological significance, citing it for rare ecological
niches, areas useful for the maintenance of bird migration stopovers,
river life study areas, educational uses, and for the presence of
rare plants.

7. Public Access
No developed public access sites are available, however the
access situation is considered good through private lands. Most,-of.
the marsh is accessible via the N.Y.C.R.R. bed.'

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #6
Ravena Quad. (1953)

Introduction
This area is largely undeveloped with the exception of the Villages.
of Coeymans and New Baltimore. Substantial areas of upland relate to
the coastal zone and are included within the proposed boundary.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Four important tributaries occur in this stretch. Coeymans
Creek (accessible for 0.3 mi.), Hannacroix Creek (1.9 mi.), Mill Creek
(2.7 mi.) and Coxsackie Creek (2.2 mi.) all may be significant spawning
streams for alewife, blueback herring, white perch, and freshwater
residents. The mouths of each of these tributaries encompass areas
of several important habitat types, primarily wetlands and tidal
mudflats.

2. Wetlands
No large wetland area is present, but numerous small plots
add up to a substantial acreage. The most important wetland areas
exist on Lower Schodack Island, at the mouth of Hannacroix Creek,
at the mouth of Mill Creek, and on Bronck Island. Upland areas
adjacent to wetland plots that are of importance to upland game
birds, small game animals and deer include all of Houghtaling and
Lower Schodack Islands, Bronck Island, and the mouths of Hannacroix
Creek and Mill Creek., These.areas are considered the major hunting
locations.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
Fairly substantial areas of mudflats are present. Largest and
most important are mudflats at the mouth of Hannacroix Creek, along
Schodack Creek, along Bronck Island, at the mouth of Coxsackie Ci@eek.
at the mouth of Mill Creek and at the mouth of Trib. 207.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Large expanses of littoral zone exist. This region of the
Hudson encompasses the northernmost areas of shad spawning
concentrations. Littoral zone north of here is severely limited by
the navigation channel which covers nearly the entire width of the
river. Aside from serving as spawning grounds for shad, these
C2
littoral-zones are spawning grounds, nursery areas and feeding grounds
for striped bass, white perch, alewife, bluebackherring, and most
resident freshwater species.

5. Deepwater habitats
None

6. Unique Ecological Areas
mm
Two areas were listed in the Hudson River@Valley Co ission s
report on areas of biological significance. The mouth of Coeymans
Creek was cited for rare plants, rare ecological niches and areas
useful for the maintenance of bird migration stopovers, river life
..'-study-areas and educational uses. Bronck Island and cliffs west of
Bronck 1. were cited for these same values.@

7. Public Access
@-There-:are-@no developed piJblic access points, however access'-_--L'
through private lands is considered good. Access is obtained via
the railroad property along the east shore. Hunting activity is
concentrated at Houghtaling and Lower Schodack Islands, at the
mouth of Hannacroix Creek, Bronck Island and the mouth of Mill Creek.
Fishing areas include Schodack Creek and the mouths of the major
tributaries.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #7
(1953)
..Hudson North Quad (1953) and StottvilleQuad

Introduction

Large expanses of nearly all types of coastal related habitats
occur in this region. The river widens considerably here allowing for
very large areas of littorai zone and mudflats. Numerous "spoil islands"--
occur in mid-river as a result of channel dredging. The City of Hudson
and the Villages of Athens and Coxsackie are the only developed areas.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
There is one tributary of major significance,-Stockport Creek.
This large tributary is formed by the junction of Kinderhook and
Claverack Creeks. This system provides 5.0 miles of accessible waters,
which are utilized as spawning grounds for alewife, blueback herring,
white perch and striped bass, plus resident species. This is one of
the very few streams large enough to attract striped bass and as such
C3
is a major focal point for fishermen.

Tributary 207 is accessible for 3.9 mi. and Murderers Creek for
0.5 mi. Both may be of some significance'as spawning grounds for
C@
herrings.

2. Wetlands,,
Several large wetlands and numerous scattered small plots of
-wetland are located here. The most important are Vosburgh Swamp,
mouth of Stockport Creek, Hudson North Bay, Hudson South Bay and
TtPowerlinell Marsh at Athens. All of these areas are frequented by
waterfowl hunters. Fairly abundant wetland areas, combined with
protected off@-channel open water areas make this section attractive
to waterfowl. Of particular note is the fact that redhead and
canvasback ducks winter in this area, both species presently receive
special protection because of low population levels.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
Extremely large areas of this type habitat are-, availabe. These
flats serve as feeding grounds for waterfowl, shorebirds and-song
birds.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Large expanses of littoral zone occur. A heavy concentration
of American shad utilize these shallows for spawning. The northernmost
commercial shad fishing occurs in the off-channel areas at Middle Ground
Flats and Stockport Middle Grounds. These areas are utilized as
spawning grounds, nursery grounds and feeding areas by striped bass,
shad,- alewife,-blueback herring, white perch, and most of the resident
freshwater species.

5. Deepwater Habitats
None

6. Unique Ecological Areas
Two areas were listed by the Hudson River Valley Commission
as significant.

Vosburgh Swamp was recommended as a priority.site for
preservation. The area was cited for rare plants, rare animals
and areas useful for the maintenance of bird migration stopovers,
river life study areas and educational uses..

The mouth of Stockport Creek was cited by Hudson River Valley
Commission for rare plants, scenic values, and areas useful for the
maintenance of bird migration stopovers or river life study areas
and educational uses.

Other unique habitats are the spoil bank islands and
shoreline spoil deposits, which through erosion, have created
vertical sand banks that have been colonized by bank swallows.
While these birds are not rare, this area is the only one in the
Hudson Valley where they are found.

7. Public Access
There are two public boat launch facilities; one at Murderers
Creek in Athens and one in the City of Hudson. Access through
private lands is considered good. Prime hunting areas are located
at the mouth of tributary 207, around the spoil bank islands, Hudson
North and South Bays, Vosburgh Swamp and.','Powerline Marsh." Prime
fishing areas are at the mouth of Stockport Creek, mouth of Murderers
Creek, and off-channel areas adjacent to Middle Ground Flats,
Stockport Middle Grounds, and Coxsackie-Rattlesnake Islands.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #8
Hudson South Quad (1963) -and Clermont Quad (1963)

Introduction

This area also contains large expanses of diverse and important
habitat types. The most important features include Hudson South Bay,
Rogers Island and surrounding flats, Catskill Creek, Ramshorn Marsh-
and the Roeliff-Jansen Kill. The only developed areas are the Cities
of Catskill and Hudson.

Habitat TyDes

1. Tributaries
Two extremely important tributaries enter the Hudson in this
section. Catskill Creek is accessible for 9.S miles to anadromous
fish and is utilized as a spawning stream by alewife, blueback
herring, white perch, striped bass and possibly shad and smelt, as
well as most resident freshwater species. The Roeliff-Jansen Kill
is accessible for 9.7 miles and offers the same habitat to fish as
the Catskill Creek. It is a known smelt spawning stream. A pearl
roach was taken from the mouth of this stream, the only record of
this species.from New York State.

2. Wetlands
Two major wetland areas appear in this section, Ramshorn Marsh
south of Catskill Creek and South Hudson Bay, south of the City of
Hudson.

Ramshorn Marsh is by far the more valuable in t erms of natural
conditions and diversity of species. The National Audubon Society
controls a portion of this marsh as a bird sanctuary. The marsh
supports large numbers of waterfowl and is hunted extensively. The
7@
least bittern, a rare species, has been reported from this marsh,

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
Very large areas of tidal mudflats occur here, the most
significant being located along Ramshorn Marsh at the mouth of the
Roeliff-Jansen Kill, surrounding Rogers Island, and opposite Hudson
South Bay. Perhaps the most significant of these are the mudflats
around Rogers Island. These flats are a particularly important feeding
area: for waterfowl,., shorebirds and songbirds. Among the waterfowl
food plants such as wild celery and wild rice, are at least two
regionally rare or unusual plant species; approximately.10 acres of
golden club which has declined from some 25 acres in the past, and the
only plot of floating yellow heart in the Hudson'Valley, Rogers
Island is owned by the Department of Environmental Conseration and an
attempt is being made to acquire an access site to the area at Tributary
195..

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Large areas:@of littoral zone arepresent, of major importance-.-,--
in* this region of-the river as.spawning grounds for the shad;. -These----.
areas also serve as spawning, nursery, and feeding grounds for striped
bass, white perch, herrings, smelt, and most of the resident freshwater
species.

5. Deepwater Habitat
The northernmost areas of 50 foot depth in the river occur in
this area. Deepwater habitat may be required as wintering grounds for
the endangered shortnose sturgeon.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Hudson River Valley Commission listed the Catskill Cre6k-
Marshes (Ramshorn Marsh) as an area of biological significance in
that it contains rare plants, rare animals and areas useful for the
maintenance of bird mi-gration stopovers, river life study and
educational pruposes.

The Rogers Island area, including the surrounding flats and
wetlands, harbors rare plants and an abundance of waterfowl and other
bird species.

7. Public Access
No developed public access sites are present, however access
is considered good through private lands. There may be a few
private marinas along the lower Catskill Creek where boats can be
launched for a fee. Prime fishing areas are at the mouths of Catskill
Creek and the Roeliff-Jansen Kill. The most important hunting areas
are Rmnshorn Marsh and Rogers Island.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #9
Cementon Quad (1963)

Introduction

This area.is characterized by an,extensive littoral zone and 'tidal
mudflats. Dominant features are Duck Cove - Inbocht Bay and the
southern half of-Ramshorn Marsh. While the-area is not extensively.
developed, three large cement plants are located around Duck Cove
Inbocht Bay.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
No significant tributaries enter the Hudson in this section.

2. Wetlands
The most important wetland is Ramshorn Marsh which was
discussed in Map Report 4TT8. Additional areas of wetland exist
around the periphery of Duck Cove - Inbocht Bay, south of Silver Point
and at Wanton Island. Waterfowl are particularly abundant in the
Duck Cove - Inbocht Bay area.

3. Mudflats Cexposed at low tide)
A wide band of mudflats exists around the periphery of Ramshorn
Marsh and Duck Cove - Inbocht Bay and may be the main reason for the
high numbers of waterfowl and other birds present in the area. Large
concentrations of muskrats and snapping turtles are known from this
area as well as waterfowl species.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Areas of littoral zone are of greatest importance to shad as
spawning grounds in this region. This is particularly so in the case-
of mid-river shoals with adjacent off-channel deeper waters, such as
Silver Point Flats and Cheviot Flats.

5. Deepwater Habitat
A small area of over 50 feet in depth occurs off Wanton Island.
Deepwater habitat may be of importance as wintering areas for shortnose
sturgeon.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
Duck Cove - Inbocht Bay was cited by the Hudson River Valley
Commission for rare plants and areas useful for the.maintenance.of bird
migration stopovers, river life study and educational uses.

7. Public Access
No developed public access exists in this area, although access
through private lands is considered good. Prime hunting areas are
Duck Cove - Inbocht Bay, Ramshorn Marsh and Wanton Island. Prime
fishing areas are Catskill Creek and Duck Cove -'Inbocht Bay. Also
commercial shad fishermen work the off channel areas of the main
river.

COASTAL ZONE.MAP REPORT #10
Saugerties Quad (1963)

Introduction

Major features include very extensive areas.of shoals in mid-
river, Esopus Creek and Estuary, North and South Tivoli Bays and
Cruger Island. Developed areas are Malden-on-Hudson, Saugerties and
Glasco.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
The Esopus Creek, while minimal in accessible mileage
(1.3 mi@, is extremely important to the fisheries resource. The
strean serves as a spawning ground, nursery area and feeding ground
C=
for striped bass, white perch, shad, alewife, blueback herring,
smelt, and most of the resident freshwater species, in particular
large and smallmouth bass.

The tidal portion has been subjected to heavy development
on both banks, including residences, marinas, derelict factory
buildings and industrial operations. Fishing pressure is heavy on
C2
this stream during the entire season.

The-Stony Kill and Saw Kill Creek, flowing into North and South
Tivoli Bays respectively, while not accessible beyond their mouths,
are both utilized by alewife, blueback herring,white perch and smelt
as spawning areas. South Tivoli Bay, in particular, is noted for
fair populations of striped bass in the spring, and large populations
of large and smallmouth bass year round.

2. Wetlands
The significant marsh area encompassing North and South Tivoli
Bays and Cruger Island has been the subject of several studies.
Twenty-six species of fish have been collected from the area, the
most important being the alewife, eel, carp, goldfish, killifish and
striped bass. Diversity of reptiles and ampfiibians is low, but
an extremely large population-of snapping turtles exists in North Bay.
Since 1970, 135 species of birds have been observed in the area.
Rare or unusual species observed include the osprey, great blue heron,
black-crowned night heron, American bittern and marsh hawk. Mammal
species diversity is low, but muskrats are abundant.

There is a small area of wetland at the mouth of Esopus Creek
which-supports small numbers of migratory waterfowl and receives
minimal hunting pressure.

3. Mudflats; (exposed at low tide)
Relatively small areas , of mudflats are located in mid-river at
Greens Flats, at the mouth of Esopus Creek and at North and South
Tivoli Bays.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Large expanses of littoral zone here and to the south serve.
at the central spawnincr-grounds for the majority of the Hudson River
CD
shad. This is attributed to the availability of shallows for spawning
directly adjacent to off-channel deepwater resting areas.

Again, the littoral zones serve as spawning nursery and feeding
grounds.for striped bass, white perch, herrings, smelt and resident-
freshwater species.

5. Deepwater Habitats
Three areas in this region exceed 50 feet in depth; off Greens
Flats, off the mouth of Esopus Creek, and off Crugerlsland. These
deepwater zones may serve as wintering habitat for the shortnose
sturgeon.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
Two areas were listed by the Hudson River Valley Commission as
significant, Esopus Estuary and Cruger Island - North Tivoli Bay.

Esopus Estuary was cited for rare plants, rare ecological niches
.and areas useful to the maintenance of bird migration stopovers, river
life study and educational purposes.

Cruger Island - North Bay was cited for rare plants, scenic
values and areas useful for the maintenance of bird migration stopovers,
river life study and educational uses. South Bay and Magdalen Island
should be included in this ecological unit as they are integral parts
of it.

7. Public Access
No developed public access is available, however access through
private lands is good. Concentration points for hunters are the
Esopus Estuary and North Tivoli Bay. Some hunting also is done in the
Greens Flats - Upper Flats area. Prime fishing areas are in the Esopus
Creek, off Cruger Island, South Tivoli Bay and at Barrytown. Commercial
shad fishermen work the off-channel areas adjacent to the flats.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #11
Kingston East Quad (1963) and Kingston West Quad (1964)

Introduction

Dominant features are "The Flats" in mid-river, the mouth of
Rondout Creek numerous tidal embayments along the east shore, and
Esopus Meadows. Developed areas include the City of Kingston and
Villages of East Kingston, Port Ewen, and Rhinecliff.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Rondout Creek, the major tributary, is one of the most important
in the entire Hudson Valley. It is accessible to anadromous fish
for 5.4 miles, and utilized as a spawning, feeding, and nursery
ground by striped bass, white perch, shad, alewife, blueback herring,
and.smelt. Resident freshwater species that are particularly abundant
are large and smallmouth bass, walleyes and sunfishes. Several
industries are located along its banks, including a barge manufacturing
yard, a gravel operation and a junk car processing and shipping
facility. Marinas and residential developments are numerous. However,
approximately 50 percent of the immediate shoreline of the Creek is
still undeveloped. Fishing is excellent, particularly in the first
mile below the dam at Eddyville.

The Landsman Kill and Fallsburg Creek, both emptying into.
Vanderburgh Cove are important spawning tri-butaries for smelt,
alewives, blueback herring and white perch. There is considerable.
interest in dip-netting smelt and herrings from these streams.

The numerous coves along the east shore, while not tributaries,
serve the same function as tributaries in providing spawning, nursery
and feeding habitat for both resident and anadromous species. These
coves are attractive to waterfowl as they offer protection from
weather 'conditions on the main river and are frequently vegetated
with stands of wild rice, wild celery and other waterfowl foods. This
is particularly the case with Astor, Suckley and Vanderburgh Coves.
An osprey was sighted at Astor Cove. Map turtles are present from
Suckley Cove south. -These turtles utilize the coves as feeding areas,
and certain rock outcrops for basking and breeding areas. Jones
Island is a known breeding location for map turtles.

2. Wetlands
The only area of wetland occurs at the mouth of Rondout Creek.-
Limited numbers of waterfowl utilize this area and some hunting
occurs. A rare species of cricket has been reported from Sleightsburg,
a part of this marsh area.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
The only areas of tidal mudflats also occur at the mouth of---------
the Rondout and provide feeding grounds for waterfowl, shorebirds
and songbirds.

A very small amount of wetland and mudflats occurs further
up the Rondout at Gumaer Island, which may support a very limited
number of-waterfowl and is probably an important spawning and
feeding area for some of the resident freshwater fish species of
lower Rondout Creek.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
The expansive, mid-river mound known as "The Flats" is
considered to be at the center of the peak spawning area for the shad.
Other large areas of littoral zone occur at Kingston Point, Rondout
Flats, Esopus Meadows and adjacent to Suckley Cove. All of these
areas are important shad spawning 'grounds, and also serve as spawning,
feeding and nursery grounds for striped bass, alewife, blueback herring,
white perch, possibly tomcod and sturgeons, and most of the resident
freshwater fish species.

5. Deepwater Habitat
This is the northernmost area of the Hudson where deepwater
habitat (50 feet deep or greater) is extensive. From the mouth of
Rondout Creek south, there is a nearly continuous trench ofthis
depth or greater. These deep trenches trap pockets of denser saline
water which may serve as wintering habitat for shortnose sturgeon,
and definitely account for the presence of greater numbers of marine
species of fish than anywhere further upriver, especially during
periods of low freshwater flows. The majority of both Atlantic and
shortnose sturgeon taken for age-growth analysis during a 1936
biological survey came from Rhinecliff and Port Ewen. More recent
fisheries investigations of the Hudson continue to indicate the
presence of sturgeons in this area.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Hudson River Valley Commission cited the area of
Sleightsburg and Kingston Points (mouth of Rondout Creek) for rare
plants, rare ecological niches and areas useful to the maintenance of
bird migration stopovers, river life study and educational uses.

7. Public Access
No developed public access is available, however access
through pri-vate lands is considered-good. Prime hunting areas
include the coves along the east shore, mouth of Rondout Creek, and
Esopus Meadows. The most important fishing areas are Rondout Creek
and the east shore coves. Commefeial fishermen work the areas
adjacent to "the Flats" for shad. There are numerous marinas along
-the Rondout which may provide -boat launching facilities for a fee.-:,

CQASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #12
Hyde Park Quad (1963)

Introduction

The physical character of the river changes dramatically here,
from a broad relatively shallow situation from Esopus Meadows north,
to a narrowl, deep situation with nearly no littoral zone to the south.
The most important features are Esopus Meadows, mouth of Black Creek,
and a deep trench at Crum Elbow. Hyde Park is the only developed area
but it is located some distance off the waterfront.

Habitat-Types

1. Tributaries
The most important tributary is Black Creek. This is a known
spawning stream for herrings and smelt, and there is a substantial
dip-net fishery for these species during the spring spawning runs.
The stream is accessible for about 1.4 miles.

Other tributaries of somewhat lesser importance as herring
C=
and smelt spawning streams are the Indian Kill (1.1 mi.), Maritje Kill
(0.5 mi.) and Crum Elbow Creek (0.1 mi.).

2. Wetlands
The majority of wetland areas are too small to be mapped.
Esopus Meadows, while not exhibiting the plant species diversity
of a typical wetland, serves as an important rafting and feeding area
for waterfowl. Species observed in this area include snow geese,
blue geese, Canada geese, canvasback duck and brants.

Other small plots of wetland occur along the Indian Kill quad mouth
of Black Creek.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
None

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
A very narrow fringe of littoral zone borders both shorelines,
however the only significant expanses of littoral zone occur at
Esopus Meadows, adjacent to Vanderburgh Cove, and from the mouth
of the Indian Kill south for about 111 miles.

5. Deepwater Habitat,
Approximately half of the watercourse in this section is over
50 feet deep. A small area in the Crum Elbow section exceeds 100 feet
in depth. Yolk-sac sturgeon larvae have been collected from this
region at depths of -45 to 120 feet. Again, the importance of deepwater
habitat,to-:sturgeons is indicated. The presence of other marine fish
..-.species not found in abundance upriver is assumed to be an effect-of.
these deep areas trapping dense saline waters'. The deep "hole" at
Crum Elbow has been used as a spoil dump by the Army Corps of Engineers.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Hudson Raver Valley Commission listed the F.D.R. Nationil-
Historic Site as a significant area and cited it for rare animals,
rare plants and as an area in existing park which in long term
planning should be maintained in a natural state. This site-should
be expanded to include all of Crum Elbow and bordering cliffs on-its
west shore up to the elevation of a visual overlook of the river, and
portions of the east shore to include Roosevelt Cove and the
Maritje Kill.

7. Tublic Access
Access exists through both public and private lands. Public
lands include the F.D.R. and Vanderbilt National Historic Sites and
the Mi-lls and Norrie State Parks. Prime hunting areas include Esopus
Meadows and the mouth of Black Creek. Fishing areas include Black Creek,
the Indian Ki-11, Crum Elbow Creek and Maritje Kill.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #13
Poughkeepsie Quad (1957)

Introduction

This area.is categorized by high banks for the entire length,with
no wetlands, no muelats and a minimal fringe of littoral zone.
Developed-areas are-the City of Poughkeepsie and the Village of Highland.,

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
None of significance with the exception of Casper Creek, which
is discussed in Map Report #14. Three coves of importance to fish
and waterfowl are present, Sunfish Cove and Cove opposite, and
Barnegat Cove. The values of these coves are unknown, but it is
assumed they serve as spawning grounds for some anadromous fish and
most of the freshwater resident -fish, and as protected feeding and
resting areas for waterfowl.

2. Wetlands
None

3. Mudflats (exposed at low-tide)
None
4. Littoral Zone (181 depth contour and less)
Littoral zone is at a minimum as compared to other areas in the
Hudson corridor. That which is available is most likely utilized as
spawning. nursery and feeding habitat for striped bass, white perch,
shad, herrings, tomcod and most resident freshwater species of fish.

5. Deepwater Habitat
Approximately 80 percent of the course of the river here is over
50 feet deep. Two post yolk-sac sturgeon larve were collected from
this section in 1973. Additional estuarine and marine species begin
to appear in numbers in this section, including bay anchovy, silversides,
bluefish, weakfish, hog choker, and blue-claw crabs, giving further
C2 C2
indication of the river's transitional condition at this point from a
freshwater environment to an estuarine environment.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
None were listed by the Hudson River Valley Commission. An
area which should beconsidered is the.range of cliffs, rock outcrops
and steep slopes7along the west bank, south to the vicinity of the
Village of Milton. These cliffs extend north into the Crum Elbow area
described in map report #12. The area encompassed should include all
lands up to the point of visual overlooks of the river.

7. Public Access
Access to the coastal resource in this area is considered.poor.-.-
No public access facilities exist, steep shorelines on the west bank
prevent access, and the development along the east shore prevents
access at many points. There are a few private marinas which may
provide boat launching facilities for a fee. Commercial fishermen work
the entire section for shad and striped bass.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #14
Wappingers Falls Quad (1956) and
Newburgh Quad (1957)

Introduction

Habitat diversity:inereases substantially compared to areas to.the
north. Three important tributaries enter the river, a small but
significant wetland occurs, and there are large expanses of littoral
zone and deepwater habitat. Developed areas include the Cities of
Beacon and Newburgh, and the Villages of Marlboro, New Hamburg and
Wappingers Falls.-. -Waterfront industry is substantial including the
Roseton and Danskammer power plants, the Chelsea pumping station, Lone
Star Industries gravel plant, and freight and oil terminals at Newburgh
and Beacon.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Wappingers. Creek is one of the most important tributaries in
the Lower Hudson Valley. It is accessible for 2.1 miles to anadromous
species, and serves as spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for striped
bass, white perch, alewife, blueback herring, tomcod and resident
freshwater species. Largemouth bass and sunfish are particularly
abundant.

Cobalt Lake and Casper Creek constitute a unique situation in
the Hudson corridor in that this is the only situation where a lake
is accessible from the main river. The system, including the lake,
is accessible for 2.3 miles. The lake and stream support a good
population of largemouth bass and sunfish. Use by anadromous species
is unknown. The lake and lower stream are surrounded by a major gravel
mining and washing installation. Cobalt Lake may have been originally
formed from mining operations.

Tributary 103 and its first tributary form a system known as the
Marlboro Estuary. The streams are accessible for 1.1 miles and are
probably utilized as spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for striped
bass, white perch, herrings, and tomeod.

2. Wetlands
A small amount of wetland occurs at the mouth of tributary-idi-
-which -supports minimal numbers of waterfowl. Some hunting occurs_ in'.
this marsh.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
None

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
-.-Large expanses of littoral zone are present-particularly a
the mouth of Wappingers Creek, and along the east bank from Beacon
to Chelsea. Groups of rafting waterfowl have been observed over
both these areas. These littoral zones serve as important spawning,
nursery and feeding grounds for striped bass, white perch, shad,.
alewife, blueback herring, tomood and most resident freshwater
-species. Sturgeon are abundant throughout this reach which@may be.
the result of available littoral and deepwater habitats in close
proximity.

5. Deepwater Habitat
Deepwater areas are fairly abundant in this region. A major
area of over 50 feet in depth occurs off the mouth of Wappingers
Creek. The majority of the waterway is over 40 feet deep. This
type of habitat may be important as wintering area for sturgeons and
as a migratory conduit for marine and estuarine species which
frequently reach this area during low freshwater flow periods.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Marlboro Estuary was listed by the Hudson River Valley
Commission as a significant area cited for rare plants, rare ecological
niches and areas useful for the maintenance of bird migration stopovers,
river life study and educational uses.

Additionally, Dutchess County has designated a strip of cliffs
and wooded steep slopes along the north shore of Wappingers Creek as
a unique area.

7. Public Access
There is one developed public access in the City of Newburgh.
Access through private lands is considered good. This is particularly
so where the Penn Central Railroad line fronts the river. The only
known hunting area is the marsh at Marlboro. Prime fishing areas are
Marlboro Estuary and the mouth of Wappingers Creek. Commercial
fishermen work the main course of the river for shad and striped bass.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #15
West Point Quad (1957) and Cornwall Quad (1957)

Introduction

Habitat diversity is high in this region. Major features include
two important tributaries, Fishkill and Moodna Creeks, two major
wetlands, large areas of littoral zone and an abundance of deepwater
habitat up to 200 feet. The dominant geographical feature of this area
is the "Hudson Highlands" range of mountains.which bisects the area in a
NE-SW direction along a line between Beacon and Cornwall. This range of
mountains causes a moderate climatic break, with areas north of.the range
subject to interior weather conditions and areas south of the range
subject to the more moderate coastal climate. The salt front (defined
as the 50 ppm isochlor) reaches this area practically every year.

Developed areas include the Cities of Newburg and Beacon and the
Villaaes of Cornwall and Cold Spring. Industrial development is centered
C)
in the Newburg-Beacon area.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Fishkill Creek is one of the most important tributaries in the
Lower Hudson watershed. It is accessible to anadromous fish for 1.1
miles. The stream is utilized for spawning, nursery and.feeding by
striped bass, white perch, alewife, blueback herring, tomeod and most
resident freshwater species. During periods of salt front intrusion
marine species become abundant at the stream mouth, particu-1arly
bluefish, anchovy, silversides, weakfish, hog choker and blueclaw
crab. This tributary probably marks the northern extent of the
blueclaw crab fishery.

Moodna Creek is accessible for 4.4 miles and serves the same
functions and has the same species and use profile as Fishkill Creek.

Quassaic Creek is accessible for 1.0 mile. Use is unknown.

2. Wetlands
Two major wetlands occur here. The mouth'of Moodna Creek is
a relatively small but important wetland. Waterfowl use this. area
for feeding and some hunting occurs. Short-billed marsh wrens are
known to nest here.

Constitution Island Marsh is an Audubon sanctuary and one of the
most important marshes in the Lower Hudson Valley. Bird species
recorded from this marsh probably number over 200. Prickly pear
cactus, a rare plant, is known from the island adjacent to the-marsh
itself. Fence lizards may also be present.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
. This habitat type is very limited in this area. The only mudflats
occur at the mouth of Fishkill Creek and at Constitution Island Marsh.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT Irt-116
Peekskill Quad (1957)

Introduction

Habitat diversity is high in this region, the dominant features
including the Hudson Highlands, Iona Island Marsh, Peekskill Bay and
Annsville :Creek. Developed areas are Highland Falls, Peekskil I ., - -.:: - @ -_@ @.. @ _: 1. _.
Buchanan and Verplanck. Two major power plants are located here one
at Indian Point and one at Tompkins Cove.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Annsville - Sprout - Peekskill Hollow Brook system, is the
most important tributary. The system is accessible for 2.7 miles,
and serves as spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for striped
bass, white perch, alewife, blueback herring, smelt and most
resident freshwater species. Blue crabs enter the stream annually
and become abundant particularly in lower Annsville Creek. The
streams were formerly bounded by substantialareas of marsh but
these have been mostly filled.

Popolopen Brook (0.6 mi.), and Dickey Brook (0.8 mi.) are of
minor importance to herrings, white perch, smelt and freshwater
species. Blue crabs become seasonally abundant and the fishery for
them is at times intense from bridge crossings.

Lake Meahagh, is a tidal embayment of some significance as
spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for both anadromous and
freshwater fish species and blue crabs. It is one of the few
locations where the rare bluespotted sunfish has been collected from
the Hudson.

2. Wetlands
Three extremely important wetlands occur here, Con Hook,
Iona Island and Manitou. Iona Island Marsh is the largest of the
three and one of the most studied on the Hudson. Species diversity
is very high including 200 species of plants, 208 species of birds,
25 species of mammals,,, 9 species of reptiles, 10 species of
amphibians and 21,species of fish. The.lists of fish, reptiles
and amphibians are by no means complete. Several uncommon or
unusual rare species have been recorded from the area including,.
-fence lizards,
5 - lined skinks, bluespotted sunfish, prickly pear
cactus, otter, least bittern, golden eagle, bald eagle,.peregrine
falcon and osprey.

Con Hook and Manitou Marshes are less well known, smaller in
-ess diverse in species composition. However,_,they-
-area, and -probably:--l
-''are important as waterfowl feeding areas and migration stops, and some--
hunting occurs.

4. Littoral Zone (181 depth contour and less)
-Large expanses of littoral zone are available at the mouth-61'_
Moodna Creek, and along the east shore from Deming Point to
Constitution Island. Littoral zones in this area are of critical
importance to the striped bass as spawning, nursery and feeding
grounds. Striped bass spawning is most intense through this area,and
south. Other species utilizing these areas include shad, alewife,
blueback herring, tomeod, sturgeons, resident freshwater-species,-
and blue claw crabs. Additionally the area between Cold Spring and
Demming Point.is a concentration point for rafting waterfowl. As
many as 1,000 rafting canvasback ducks have been observed.

5. Deepwater Habitat
Water depths of up to 200 feet occur in this region, and these
deep zones are of extreme importance to striped bass and sturgeons.
Sturgeons may require these deepwater zones as wintering and spawning
habitat. Other marine species become increasingly abundant in this
region due to frequent salt front intrusion. This is particularly
the case with bluefish and blue claw crabs. The crab fishery becomes
quite intense during the late summer and early fall, when salt
intrusion is at a maximum.

6. Uniaue Ecological Areas
The Hudson River Valley Commission lists Constitution Island
and Marsh as a significant area, citing it for rare plants, rare
ecological niches, landscape values and areas useful for the
maintenance of bird migration stopovers.

Bull Hill was cited by the Hudson River Val-ley.Commission:for
rare plants, rare animals and scenic values.

A major hawk crossing point occurs on the Hudson between Beacon
and Cornwall,, parallel to the north slope of the Hudson Highlands.

7. Public Access
No developed public access occurs in this region, however access
C3
through private lands is good, particularly through the railroad
properties. Prime hunting areas are the mouths of Fishkill and
Moodna Creeks. Prime fishing areas are Demming Point, mouth of
Fishkill Creek, Moodna Creek, Cornwall Landing, Little Stony,Point,
Foundary Cove and South Constitution Island Cove. Crabbers concentrate
on the railrcoad bridges at Fishkill Creek, Moodna Creek, Cold Spring,,
Foundary Cove and South Constitution Island Cove. Commercial_
-fishermen work the main river for shad and striped bass, particularly
where the river widens at Beacon and Cornwall.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
Very few mudflats occur in this region, however those that---'*-----
are present are utilized heavily by ducks, Canada geese and swans.
The presence of geese and swan is largely attributed to increasing
human presence. People feed these birds regularly and as a -result
many are attracted and winter over. Concentration areas for geese
and swans are Iona Island Marsh, Annsville Creek, Peekskill Bay
Lents Cove and Lake Meahagh.

4.. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Littoral zone is rather limited in this area, the only major
expanses occurring at,Peekskill Bay and Iona Island. This littoral
zone is particularly critical to the striped bass in this region as
their major spawning grounds are located here and just to the north.
Young stripers utilize the littoral zone of this area at various
times of year. Maximum fish species diversity for the entire river
occurs in this region.

5. Deepwater Habitat
Approximately 75 percent of the watercourse through this quad
is over 50 feet deep. The importance of this type of habitat to
sturgeons and other marine species has been stressed in previous
map reports.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
Three sites were mentioned by the Hudson River Valley Commission
for biological significance.

Anthony's Nose was cited for rare plants, rare ecological
niches, scenic values and as an area useful for the maintenance of
bird migration stopovers, river life study or educational uses.

Salisbury Meadow (Iona Island Marsh) was cited for rare plants,
rare ecological niches and an area useful for the maintenance of
bird migration stopovers, river life study or educational uses.

Dunderberg Mountain was cited for rare plants, scenic values
and areas useful for the maintenance of bird migration stopovers,
river life study or educational uses.

A major hawk crossing occurs along the south face of the
Hudson Highlands between Dunderburg Mountain and Annsville Creek.

7. Public Access
Public access is obtained through the lands of Bear Mountaln
State Park. No other developed public access is available, however
access through private lands is considered good. The City of Peekskill
has a municipal boat launch for town residents. Hunting areas become
@:.,scarcer -from -here south as human:density. -@increases dramatically-.-
Con Hook and Manitou Marshes provide some hunting. Prime fishing
areas include practically all railroad bridge crossiaig and the bays
around Iona Island and Annsville Creek. Commercial shad and striper
fishermen work the off-channel shallows.

COASTU ZONE MAP REPORT #17
Haverstraw Quad (1967) Ossining Quad (1967)

Introduction

Habitat diversity remains very high in this region,.including two major
tributary systems,.wetlands, mudflats, tremendous expanses of littoral
zone, and the beginning of the Palisades cliffs. Residential-and
industrial development is extensive, including the cities of Stony Point,
Haverstraw, Croton-on-Hudson, and Ossining. A major electric power
generating station is located at Bowline Toint.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
Cedar Pond Brook and Minisceongo Creek form a tributary system
accessible for 6.7 miles. The most important segment of the system
is the extensive area of lowland meanders forming a delta entering
Stony Point Bay. The streams are utilized by striped bass, white
perch, alewife, blueback herring, smelt, tomcod, and many resident
freshwater species for spawning, nursery and feeding 'grounds. Blueclaw
crabs become abundant in the lower sections in the late summer and
early fall, and there is an intense fishery for them, at practically
every bridge crossing.

The Croton River is accessible for 3.5 miles and is one of the
most important tributaries in the lower Hudson watershed. It is
known to be a spawning stream for striped bass, white perch, shad,
herrings, smelt, tomeod and resident freshwater species. The blue-
claw crab becomes abundant in the lower section in the late summer
and early fall.

2. Wetlands
Two large areas of wetland occur, one at Croton Point and one
at'the mouths of Minisceongo and Cedar Pond Brooks. Other small plots
of wetland occur at Stony Point and Oscawana Island. These areas are
important to migratory waterfowl as stopovers and feeding areas.
Waterfowl species diversity and numbers are very high in this area,
attributable mostly to large expanses of relatively protected rafting
and feeding areas.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
A moderate area of mudflats occurs at the mouth of Croton
--River-and into Croton Bay. This area is a concentration point.for--
waterfowl, particularly swans and Canada geese which use the flats
as feeding and resting areas. Large numbers of swans and Canada
geese are found at Greens Cove, Stony Point Bay, and Croton Bay,
attributed-in part ta the increasing human population, which often feeds
these birds encouraging them to remain at these locations.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Tremendous expanses of littoral zone are present here and
to the south which are of critical importance to the young of every
anadromous Hudson River fish species.,-'These shallows are the
-..-last riverine feeding ground for young anadromous species before
they go,to sea, and as such become a concentration.area in the fall.

Historically this area was one of the greatest oyster
producing grounds along the Atlantic coast. Plots labeled SP on
the study area maps indicate the location of the last lease'of river
bottom for the production of oysters to occur in the.Hudson (1952).

5. Deepwater Habitat
Water depths in excess of 50 feet are limited to the northern
mile of this section. Average depth excluding the littoral zone is
approximately 30 feet.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Hudson River Valley Comnission listed two areas of
biological significance.

Palisades Interstate Park (including High-Tor and Hook Mtn
Parks) was cited for landscape values, rare animals, rare
ecological niches, areas useful to the maintenance of bird
migration stopovers or river life study areas and educational uses,
and rare plants.

Croton Point was cited forrare plants,rare ecological.,
niches and an area useful to the maintenance of bird migration
stopovers, river life study and educational uses.

7. Public Access
Public access to the coastal zone resource is considered good
in this region. Waterfront parks include Stony Point, Georges Island,
Croton Point and Hook Mtn. Access through private lands is also good.
Some hunting may occur in the Minisceongo-Cedar Pond Brook marshes,
Oscawana Island Marsh and at Croton Point, but it is minimal.
Fishermen concentration points include Stony Point and Bay, Greens
Cove, Croton River and Bayand Croton Point. Commercial stake gill
netters work the littoral zone areas extensively for striped bass and
shad.

COASTAL ZONE MAP REPORT #18
Nyack Quad (1957) White Plains Quad (1967)

Introduction

Habitat diversity is somewhat reduced in this stretch as a result
...of inereasing,shoreline residential and industrial development., -Natural
areas include Hook Mountain andTallman Mountain State Parks. '-Urban
centers include the Cities of Nyack, Piermont, Greenburgh, Irvington and
Tarrytown.

Habitat Types

1. Tributaries
The only tributary of significance is the Sparkill Creek in
Tallman State Park. It is accessible for 1.0 mile. Use by
anadromous species is unknown.

2. Wetlands
Piermont Marsh, a part of Tallman State Park is the only marsh
in this region. It is unique in that it is the only salt.marsh in
the lower Hudson. This marsh is currently under the protection of
the Tidal Wetlands Act of 1974. It is an important stopover for
migrating waterfowl.

3. Mudflats (exposed at low tide)
The only mudflats occurring in this region are along the fringes
of Piermont Marsh. These flats are important feeding areas for
waterfowl, shore and songbirds inhabiting the marsh.

4. Littoral Zones (181 depth contour and less)
Tremendous expanses of littoral zone occur in this section and
are critical importance to the young of all anadromous Hudson River
species. Young fish concentrate over these areas in the late summer
CD
and fall on their outmigration to sea.

Shellfish bed leases for 1952 are shown on thestudy area maps
to indicate the available habitat for commerical shellfish.

5. Deepwater Habitat
Maximum depth in this section reaches slightly over 50 feet.
-The majority.
-of-the watercourse excluding littoral zones, averages
35 feet deep.

6. Unique Ecological Areas
The Hudson River Valley Commission listed two areas of
biological significance.

Hook Mtn. State Park was cited for rare plants, scenic values,
rare ecological niches, and areas useful to the maintenance of bird
migration stopovers, river life stud and educational uses.

Piermont Marsh was considered a critical site for preservation
for the same reasons.-

7. Public Access
Access is considered good through public lands and poor thr6dgh
private lands in this section. Extensive residential and industrial
shoreline development is the reason for poor access through private
lands. A municipal boat launch is located at Nyack. Fishing is not
concentrated in any one area but generally scattered along shoreline
piers. -Piermont Pier is utilized fairly frequently by fishermen.
Hunting is inconsequential in this region.

June 1976

.-DATE DUE
-?b o/
, I @6-

GAYLORDINo. 2333 PRINTEDINUSA

11 @ I Al III
3 6668 14108 3701