[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
9S PROTECTING MAINE NATURAL RESOURCES VOLUME11 THE PERMIT BY RULE PROGRAM Wall ANY 14 '-wAo MAINE'S NATURAL RESOURCES PROTECTION ACT s 944.5 T76 cr_* P47 glee 1996 0 NE& -04 OL VOLUME H ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This guide to preparing a Natural Resources Protection Act (NRPA) permit application was prepared for the Maine Department of Envirom-nental Protection (DEP) by Land & Water Associates of Hallowell, Maine. It is one of a series of four volumes that describe different aspects of the NRPA. Funding was provided, in part, by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under assistance grant number CDO0176001. Project Team: Principal Author and Designer: Brian Kent (Kent Associates, Gardiner, Maine) Project Manager: Mark Sullivan (Land & Water Associates, Hallowell, Maine) Typesetting and Layout: Joyce Gracie (Land & Water Associates, Hallowell, Maine) Graphics: Alison Truesdale (LandForms, Gardiner, Maine) Image Scanning: Ruth LaChance (System Consulting, Hallowell, Maine) Project Advisory Committee: Illustration Credits: Bill Laflamme, Project Coordinator, DEP Brian Kent, cover and illustrations on pages 3, 6, Jeff Madore, DEP 11, 14, 15 (top), 17, 20 and 2 1. David Ladd, DEP Jane Frost, page 1. Douglas Burdick, DEP Alison Truesdale, page 12 (bottom). Clifford Duck, Code Enforcement Officer Maureen D. Kelly, page 6 photo. Mary James, DEP Barb Welch, DEP Warren Kohlus Nancy Winetrout Schenck Jody Smith, Portland Water District Published in June 1996. ............ ......... .................. NX: . . . . . . . . . . . END, 90-0 @@Kg fi@@ K:X* XK . . ... ... 01. W- M . . . . . . . . . . . W-4. R .. RM I Protecting Maine's Natural Resources: The Permit by Rule Program TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... inside cover The NRPA Guides ........................................................................................................ ii INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................1 What is "Permit by Rule"? .............................................................................................1 The Purpose of this Guide .............................................................................................1 How to Use this Guide ..................................................................................................1 How to Determine if the PBR Procedure Applies to Your Project ........................................2 Activities Allowed Under the Permit by Rule Procedure ....................................................4 How to File Notice Under the Permit by Rule Procedure .....................................................7 Other Laws that May Apply ...........................................................................................7 PBR SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................8 How to Prepare a Site Location Map ...............................................................................8 How to Prepare Photographs of Existing Site Conditions ....................................................9 STANDARD TECHNIQUES TO CONTROL EROSION ..................................... 11 How to InstaH a Silt Fence or Hay Bale Barrier ................................................................ 11 How to Riprap Steep Slopes and Banks .......................................................................... 14 How to Apply and Anchor Mulch, Use Sod, Turf or Erosion-Control Blankets, and Revegetate Disturbed Areas .................................................................................. 16 SPECIAL SITUATIONS ........................................................................................... 20 Working with Pressure-Treated Lumber and Concrete ...................................................... 20 Instaffing Culverts ....................................................................................................... 21 CASE STUDY ............................................................................................................. 22 A Sample Permit by Rule Notification Document ............................................................ 22 FOR MORE INFORMATION .................................................................................. 26 i THE NRPA GUIDES This Citizen's Guide is one of a series of handbooks available from I's CS the Maine Department of Environmental Protection. Contact one of the DEP offices listed on the inside of the front cover to obtain a copy of the volume, or volumes, you need. Protecting Maine's Natural Resources Volume 1: A Citizens Guide to the NRPA provides an overview of the Act and the resources it protects; V,eLO VLB !IA-03"" ... 0,0 W! it Volume H: , 5 A,--- The Permit-by-Rule Program describes the steps an appli- 00 cant must take to obtain quick approval for n-Linor, non- controversial projects; Volume M: How to Prepare an NRPA AR12lication spells out the steps an applicant must take to obtain a permit for a project located in or near a protected natural resource area; and .S Volume IV: The NRPA Wetlands Regulg= Program provides a detailed accounting of how the DEP regulates the alteration of freshwater wetlands. VOLUME II CASE STUDY A Sample Permit by Rule Notification Document Use this example of a completed PBR Notification document as a model for your project submission. You must mail the Notification Form, your application fee, a location map and photographs of the existing site to the DEP for your submission to be consideried complete. Provide additional information if possible. STEP 1: Fill out the PBR Notification Form Obtain this form from one of DEP's offices (see page 28 for addresses and phone numbers). Fill in your name, address, phone, etc. Provide exact instructions on how to find your site. Describe what you plan to do precisely; use additional paper if necessary to describe,or il- lustrate the project. (See over for example.) Refer to Chapter 305 from DEP and determine which topic (sec- tion)-applies to you;.then read the entire section so you know what standards apply to you. Mail this form along with the at- tachments, viacertified mail, to the nearest DEP office listed. Note: This exampleform has been reduced in size. 22 CASESTUDY STEP 2: Provide Additional Information El In this example the appli- cant has drawn a plan of his project to explain his proposal. L) The map shows exactly what area will be impacted by the roadway. E3 The cross-section below shows how the three-foot JL diameter culverts will be installed underthe pro- posed roadway. ?k..VM J9% SKETCH MAP OF STREAM CROSSWO LAND OF WK PETER VlGtg-'::@7 i JAMES P. CORMIER, CPSSrSC APPLOANT- WROLAW WSOM CERTNIW OIL SCSKnST - w7kmg SCIF &_ CULVERT CROSS SECTION (N.T.S.) Fovvt S" 17-& MW. 4DVGk CA>L%J-fLTS. 20 10 F Wo 41 r1so 71T =@@, @r_S-7 1% Dlg') Rip jzkp p4p P-Ap 23 VOLUME 11 STEP 3: Submit a Location Map LI Using a copy of a USGS .. 4, topographic or a map from the Maine Atlas and I Gazetteer (printed by the A.; r fe. V DeLorme Mapping Com- pany), clearly indicate the Y, apq-': exact location of your site. Use an arrow and/ or circle to highlight the F 6 precise location. :11 4W, LI The map should be on an 0( W U.- 81h x I I sheet of paper (the example has been re- .4, duced from 816" x 11" size). @ &tl N, . . . . . Y 31 It- E.4 r, N INV @Fw U6@ "A A LO CAT 10-N. -M-A-P JAMES P. CORWER. MUSIC THr'MAINE ArLAS Bed GAZETTrER CERTF&D SCAL SC"173 F * VX"ND =EicMT MAP WMAMPWAROAD SMTNMRW4KkVmE mom 24 CASE STUDY STEP 4: Submit Site Photographs U Paste color photos of the area you plan to disturb onto one or more 8 @6 x 11 sheets .......... L3 Indicate on the photo, or in A viow of the exising ........ logging mad which the photo description, where .... . ...... ...... @.R crosses the stream. the protected resource is lo- ........ ... ... .... cated and what the photo shows. (For more infonna- ........ . .. tion also seepages 9 and 10.) A close-up of the stream at the proposed cutiverted crossing. The tape shown in the oenter-right portion Of the photo measures ton Ileet across. A view of the proposed crossing area looking upstream. . .... . ... . ......................... ............. .::@ .......... A view of the proposed crossing area looking Only submit clear color downstream. prints; fuzzy-, out-offocus photographs are unaccept- able. 25 INTRODUCTION Background - What is "Permit The Purpose of This Guide by Rule"? The Permit by Rule (PBR) procedure is designed Use this guide to help figure out how to take ad- to make approval of some projects that are sub- vantage of the Permit by Rule (PBR) procedure. ject to the Natural Resources Protection Act This guide supplements Chapter 305, the NRPA (NRPA) quick and easy. Most projects subject Permit by Rule " Standards" and the Permit by to the Natural Resources Protection Act are ap- Rule Notification Forms (Notice of Intent Form) proved as Permit by Rule notifications. that you should obtain from one of the DEP of- fices. (See page 26 for the list of offices). The idea is simple: if you notify the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) that you will follow standard practices, you can begin work . . . . . . within 14 days, if they don't contact you. In other words, for certain activities, if you agree in writ- ing that you will abide by DEP's standards, you can avoid the permit application process alto- in gether. How to Use This Guide Use this guide to: Ll Deterri-drie if the PBR Procedure applies to your project. (See pages 2 to 6) L3 Learn about Notification and Submission Requirements. (See pages 7 to 10) L1 Learn about Standards you must meet to qualify for PBR. (See pages 11 to 19) 0 Read about Special Situations and precautions. (See pages 20 and 21) L3 Review a case study of a completed, sample Notification Form. (See pages 22 to 25) Ll Learn where to get More Information (See page 26) This guide tells you what you can do under the PBR program, provides helpful hints and identifies mistakes to avoid. It also: describes common standards, shows you how to prepare needed exhibits, contains an example of a completed Notification Form, and tells you where you can obtain more infor- mation. VOLUME II Do not use this guide: as a substitute for the actual law and regu- lations; or as a final or ultimate authority on what may or may not be acceptable under the actual law and regulation. This guide can, however, help you understand and take advantage of the Permit by Rule process. But, if you have any questions it does not answer, or project issues it does not address or fully cover, contact the DEP. How to Determine if the PBR Procedure Applies to Your Project To determine if you are eligible to use the PBR procedure, follow these instructions: 1. Determine if the proposed project site is in or within 100 feet of a protected natural area (see the "Protected Natural Resources" box on the next page, or refer to Volume 1). 2. Determine if your project involves one (or more) of the seventeen activities (see pages 4, 5 and 6). 3. If your proposal meets both these tests, read the applicable standards in Chapter 305 of the Permit by Rule Standards. 4. If you believe you can meet all the Standards that apply to your situation, you are ready to file notice of your intent to abide by the Standards. (See the example Notification Form on page 22). 5. If you cannot meet the Permit by Rule Standards, then you must (a) Isubmit a complete NRPA application (refer to Volume III) or (b) modify your project so it meets the PBR standards. 2 INTRODUCTION Protected Natural Resources If your proposed project is to be located in: one or more of the following areas, or within 100 feet of a river, stream, brook, great pond, freshwater wetland or coastal wetland, you must obtain an NRPA permit or submit a Permit by Rule Notification Form to DER Protected Resources Identifying the Resource' Rivers, streams and brooks Any drainage channel that has defined banks plus adjacent areas within 100 feet is protected whether water is present year- round or not. Great ponds Natural ponds with a surface area of 10 or more acres, or artificial bodies of water with 30 or more acres of surface area plus adjacent areas within 100 feet Freshwater wetlands Swamps, marshes and bogs which contain saturated soil areas with a prevalence of wetland vegetation and are not part of a pond. Coastal wetlands All tidal and sub-tidal areas, including all vegetated areas tolerant of saltwater, and all swamps, marshes, bogs or beaches sub- ject to tidal action. Coastal sand dune systems Marine sand beaches, beach berms, fron- tal dunes, dune ridges, back dunes and sand deposited by wave or wind. Fragile Mountain Areas Mountain areas above 2,700 feet in elevation For a full description of each resource, see the NRPA Statute. VOLUME H Activities Allowed Under the Permit by Rule Procedure If you plan to undertake any one of the following activities you may obtain an NRPA permit by simply filing a PBR Notification Form. Under the PBR regulations, there are seventeen "activities" that the DEP will approve if you meet specific standards. The pennitted activities are:y Activity Permitted Under PBR Commentary 2. Soil Disturbance and/or Filling Adja- Provided that you leave an undisturbed buffer cent to a Wetland or Water Body of 25 ft. and the slope between the non-nal high water line and the soil disturbance does not exceed 20%. 3. Intake Pipes and Water Monitoring Pipes that do not affect water level or water Devices flow can be installed under PBR; (Water lines and cables from Great Ponds to single-family houses are exempt provided specific standards are met.) Also applies to drilled wells adja- cent to the resource. 4. Replacement of Structures If the repair involves less than 50% of the struc- ture no permit is required. Replacement may be allowed under the PBR procedure provided similar materials are used and no expansion occurs. (Does not apply to the replacement of dams or to structures in sand dunes.) 5. Movement of Rocks or Vegetation by No more than a 10-ft. wide clearing, measured Hand along the shoreline, may be created for swim- n-dng and/or boating purposes. 6. Outfall Pipes Pipes, ditches and drain tiles that discharge stormwater qualify under PBR, as do pipe dis- charges such as sewer outfalls that have been licensed by the Department 7. Riprap Riprap (i.e., heavy rocks) can only be used un- der PBR where there is existing erosion and that erosion cannot be controlled by planting, shrubs and/or trees and ground covers; riprap is not allowed on slopes next to coastal salt marshes or mud Rats. INTRODUCTION 8. Crossings (Utility Lines, Pipes and Work on overhead and submerged utility lines Cables) and cables qualifies for PBR; ("outstanding river segments" are excluded; see Statute); on great ponds, service to single family homes is exempt provided minimum standards are met. 9. Stream Crossings (Bridges, Culverts and A PBR procedure is permitted for new cross- Fords) ings of a river, stream or brook using a culvert or bridge. Crossings of outstanding river seg- ments, rivers subject to shoreland zoning, coastal wetlands and freshwater wetlands are not eh- gible. 10. General Permits for Maintenance, Repair, This applies to Maine Department of Transpor- and Reconstruction or Replacement of tation and Maine Turnpike Authority projects State Transportation Facilities only. H. Restoration of Natural Areas This does not apply to: removal of dam struc- tures, draining or converting wetlands, dredg- ing, gravel mining or replacing eroded soil. 12. Fisheries and Wildlife Habitat Creation or This applies only to public natural resource Enhancement and Water Quality Improve- agencies, utilities and municipalities who pro- ment Projects pose to create habitat and/or improve water quality. 13. Piers, Wharves and Pilings (applies to pile Non-commercial piers are only permitted in that supported piers, wharves and pilings in area between high and low tide; ramps and/or coastal wetlands, only) floats extending beyond the low tide line must be seasonal. 14. Public Boat Ramps Applies only to natural resource agencies, mu- nicipalities and public utilities, and only in ar- eas where there is no marsh vegetation or tidal flats. 15. General Pen-nit for Selected Activities in Activities permitted under PBR are limited to: Coastal Sand Dune Systems a) replacement of existing seawalls b) replacement of septic systems in back dune areas; c) dune restoration or construction; d) beach nourishment; e) walkways, driveways and decks in A, B or C flood zones; f) movement of sand or cobble from the front of buried seawalls; and VOLUME H g) new development or additions to existing development in back dune non-flood C zone areas that are not expected to be damaged due to shoreline change. 16. Transfers and Permit Extensions (the Extensions must occur before the permit transfer of a full permit to a new owner) expires. 17. General Permit for Maintenance Dredg- Allows the renewal of a full permit provided ing Previously Approved by DEP the dredge material: a) is disposed of on land; b) is in an area that's been dredged within the last 10 years; and c) is not in or within 250 feet of a signifi- cantwildlife habitat area. Please refer to the Permit by Rule Standards, Chapter 305 for more detailed information about permitted activities. This is just an outline. IN .......... _", MAI. OWNER\ N .......... 'K, g'. R . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . ..... ................... @X@ ... X! KX: .5.1 ........... . . . . . . . . . . . .............. Example of eroded bank where limited riprap would be appropriate under the Permit by Rule Program. 6 INTRODUCTION How to File Notice Under the Permit by Rule Procedure Once you have obtained a PBR Notification Form and Standards from DEP and have studi ed them along with this guide, follow these steps in order to file notice: Complete the PBR Notification Form (Notice of Intent Form - see page 22). Read the Instruc- tions carefully! Keep the bottom copy and mail (by certified mail, return receipt requested), the other two copies, along with any required enclosures, to your local DEP office. (For addresses see "For More Information" on-page 26.) Ensure that you enclose a map (see pages 8 and 24), a check for $35 (made payable to Treasurer, State of Maine) and a photograph of the site (see pages 9 and 10). Wait 14 days (from the date the Department receives the PBR forms). 4* Begin work if no one from DEP contacts you before the end of the waiting period; your com- pleted Notification Form becomes your pem-dt. The permit is good for one year. Note: (a) if you have any questions contact the nearest DEP office, and (b) make sure you are not subject to any other local, state and/or federal requirements such as the Shoreland Zoning Act, the Submerged Lands Act, or the Clean Water Act (see below). Other Laws that May Apply Filing a Notification Form under the NRPA Pem-lit by Rule procedure (or completing a full NRPA application) does not mean that your project complies with other laws that may apply. Determine if any one of the following apply in your situation: LAW EXPLANATION Shoreland Zoning Applies to most projects located within 250 ft. of a water body. Con- tact the local planning board or, in the unorganized towns, the Land Use Regulation Commission (287-2631 or 1-800-452-8711 in Maine). Submerged Lands Act Applies to projects below the mean low water line of a water body. Contact the Maine Department of Conservation (287-3061). River & Harbor Act Applies to any work conducted in "navigable waters". Contact the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (623-8124 or 623-8367). Clean Water Act Applies if material (e.g., fill) is placed in water bodies or any wetland. Contact the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (623-8124 or 623-8367); however, if a freshwater wetland is involved, contact DER 7 VOLUME II 2. PBR SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS All PBR Notifications require that you submit (A) a site location map and (B) photographs. This section tells you how to prepare the correct information to attach to your PBR Notification Form. A. How to Prepare a Site Location Map You are required to submit a USGS topographical map or a Maine Atlas and Gazetteer (Tm) map showing the location of your project site. Topo maps can be obtained from the Maine Geological Survey in Augusta, (see page 26) some sporting goods stores and bookstores. The Maine Atlas and Gazetteer is available in most bookstores or from DeLorme Mapping Company, Freeport, Maine. Make an 8 1/2" x 11" photocopy of the area of your site and clearly mark your project site on the map. The example below illustrates what DEP finds acceptable. Site Location Map When preparing your site location map, make sure that: the map is clear and legible; the exact site location is clearly marked with an easy-to-read arrow and/or circle; and your name is written on the map. For another example of a site loca- tion map see page 24. Note: This is a reduction; the map you submit must be 8 1/2" x 11". 8 PBR SUBMISSION REQURZEMENTS How to Prepare Photographs of Existing Site Conditions You must submit" before" photographs showing LJ shoot the exact area that you plan to be work- the relation of the project site to the resource (i.e., ing in; pond, stream, wetland, etc.) L3 date the photos and state who took them; L3 state what the photo shows, where the work The illustrations below show the kind of photo- is planned and the distance objects in or near graphic evidence DEP needs to evaluate your No- the project site are from the protected resource tification. Please: (e.g., "looking north, upstream, birch tree is 6 feet from stream" or "a view of the six foot L3 submit clear, color, photo prints or color pho- diameter culvert, 20 feet from the proposed tocopies; site"...) L3 include photos taken from different angles on the site; Examples of "Before" Photographs: View of project site looking due north. Stream is 20 feet north of the large maple. Photographer: Jane Dorfan Date of photo: 11/3/94 . . . . . . . . . . . . Property owner: Charles Shute ....... .. ... ... .... ................. Q, -5, KX View of stream bed during dry season, looking east. Photographer: Jane Dorfan Date of photo: 11/3/94 Property owner: Charles Shute .. .......... . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... .. ......... .......... . ...... ........ 9 VOLUME 11 View of existing culvert inlet, 33 feet north- west of large maple. Photographer: Jane Dorfan Date of photo: 11/3/94 Property owner: Charles Shute ... ... ..... .. .. . ............ K-K . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....... I ... -0K. ........... ........... ......... .... .. ...... .......... ........................ ............ ...... . ........... 0 f -XX: X -AI-%:I-::I$:-:I-:-WI@ . .. ... ....... ....... . . . . . .. ..... X. ri%if ---- - --------------- -, K:K X ............... ................. Z" . . . . . . . . . . . :OZZ: .......................... ............... ................. 90: X. .......... 10 :K., .............. 10 STANDARD TECHNIQUES TO' CONTROL EROSION When filing a PBR Notification you must state that B. How to Rip-Rap Steep Slopes and Banks. you will comply with the applicable standards in C. How to Apply and Anchor Mulch', Install Chapter 305 and, in most cases, these standards Sod, Turf or Erosion Control Blankets and include erosion control requirements. The illus- Revegetate Disturbed Areas. trations and notes below show acceptable meth- ods of controlling erosion to protect water qual- For more information consult the Cumberland ity. They describe: County Soil and Water Conservation District (CCSWCD) manual on the Best Management A. How to Install a Silt Fence or Hay Bale Practices (BMPs)for Construction and Erosion Barrier. Control. See page 26for more information. How to Install a Silt Fence or Hay Bale Barrier For most activities the PBR standards state: "Prior L3 ensure the silt fence or hay bales are set to the start of an activity, erosion control mea- into the ground; and sures shall be installed. . . " An effective way to prevent soil from washing into adjacent streams, L3 inspect your barriers after a rain storm; no ponds or wetlands, while the ground is exposed, muddy water should leave the site. is to use a silt fence or staked hay bales. When installing these erosion barriers: After construction replant the area and mulch or, if it's late in the season, mulch the area with straw El place the fence or barrier at least 25 feet or hay and seed in the spring, after removing the from the edge of the resource (and 100 feet mulch. Only remove the erosion control barrier ff the slopes involved are over 20%); after the area is stabilized and revegetated. LJ follow the directions in the illustrations that follow to ensure a -good installation; Resource Edge -Setback or Buffer Area of Disturbance (edge of pond, river Minimum of 25* (Activity area) stream or wettand) No soil disturbance permitted (increase to 100' if slope is over 200% Hay bale (or silt fence) for erosion control a A(W VOLUME H HOW TO CONSTRUCT A SILT FENCE z mnoff 1, Set the stakes at least 8" into the 2. Excavate a 405 x 4'0 trenc h u ps Ic pe ground. aJ on 9 a line of stakes. r fil I Staple filter material tostakes 4. Backfill and compact a nd exten d it Ii nto the tra ncih- the excavated soil. Silt fenQe fifter material is available:rrcm some garden ce"iters ar a cantracbr equipment supply Moms. 4--:PRDJ ECT AREA BUFFER Silt Fann4 ano RESOURCE Wooden stake Staple fenco to stake; leava a- OF Fence fabric in Imnch. 1. iri Pi'. 410 Sac kfill with Min. axzavatad Of 811 material or gravel. V- 12 EROSION CONTROL HOW TO CONSTRUCT A HAY BARRIER 2 Straw Stake sare Place and Width di \@ rA x0avate a Fn ing -g stake stow Trench Of tmneh 4" deep Wire or-. 4-1@ bales, two Sale and the viridth Twine stakes per bale. of a straw balo. Packed Rackrill and Compacted compactthe Wedge loose Plan Back .fill excavated sail straw bet*ven as shown an the Uphill side of balea W WOMB a continuous the border to t barrier. prevent piping. !j I'll Orr V CONSTRUCTION OF A HAY SALE BARRIER (USDA Soil Conservatfon Service@ Hay balas staked with two Force hay between boles 2q1 x 2'2 stakes w create complete bar6er Twine or Wire M. -i A grade ;; tf@l Ilevel 411- deep trench FRONT VIEW OF PROPERLY INSTALLED MAY BALES Note: If there is a danger of either the silt fence or hay bale barrier failing, install both as a double barrier. -'or @ine 11 f 13 VOLUME H How to Riprap Steep Slopes and Banks What is Riprap? Large angular shaped rocks carefully placed over a layer of gravel or filter blanket to cover a shoreland slope to combat erosion are referred to as "riprap". Riprap should only be used on slopes and banks that cannot be stabilized with vegetation. This section describes ways to install riprap to meet PBR standards. How to Install Riprap The diagrams below show three ways to install U reestablish damaged wetland vegetation. riprap. You must meet these requirements: U install riprap only where erosion already Installation is done in three steps: exists; 1. Prepare the subgrade; create a slope of no L3 rocks for riprap must be obtained from up- less than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical and no land sites, not from in the water or shore; more than 1.5 horizontal to I vertical. Com- pact any fill used. L3 don't extend the riprap further into the wa- 2.* Place a filter blanket of six inches of gravel ter than the existing toe of the slope; (crushed rock) or Geotextile or both. The Q if your project is on a river, stream, or brook, gravel layer should be uniform; the filter fab- show evidence of project design approval ric (Geotexdle) must be anchored down. from a Professional Engineer or the local 3. Place the stones (up to �25 " diameter) to cre- Soil and Water Conservation District; ate a well-graded mass. U revegetate with trees and shrubs, down to the high water line; and * This step is ctitical Soil behind the rocks will wash out without it. HOW TO RESTORE A LOW ERODED BANK WITH RIPRAP V//@ Existing vegetation Existing vegetation POW fabric cK t" 6" Of crushed stone Rlprap (Ir to 25" diannter rock, hand placed@ Bank undercut by Bank soil WaYe and ice action Bank sW 1.5 '4k soil Hand placed, compacted soil Lake Anchor BEFORE (existing conclMon) AFTER (restored condition) 14 EROSION CONTROL HOW TO RESTORE A HIGH ERODED BANK WITH RIPRAP Remove "I and Revegetate create sloped grade by hand Place riprap Bank soll UndeIrcut, Bury end 'no eroded bank Lake Lake Fill and compact ilwrbbdc BEFORE (existing condition) AFTER (restored condition) in trench SLOPING BANK RIPRAP Fill grade, seed, mulch and rev@getate any exposed soils Note: Either crushed stone or fifter fabric is sufficien using both is ideal. Riprap filter fabric 6" layer mean low crush stone water level BUry anchoring boulders in trench at watees edge @k oJI @-- 15 VOLUME R How to Apply and Anchor Mulch, Use Sod, T)arf or Erosion- Control Blankets, and Revegetate Disturbed Areas Wherever natural vegetative cover is removed or ing. The standards below provide an overview disturbed, it must be restored as soon as possible. of approved methods to control erosion under the Use temporary or permanent measures such as PBR procedure; check the CCSWCD Manual for mulch, mats, sodding, revegetation and/or seed- more detail. (See page 26.) Hay or Straw Mulch Application When laying down mulch: LJ apply at a rate of 1 (one) bale per 500 sq. ft.; L3 always mulch before any storm or downpour spread the material evenly over the whole occurs; inspect the situation afterwards to area; wet down to anchor. make sure the mulch is effective; and LJ in windy areas, in the fall, winter or spring, Ll maintain the mulch surface until the area is or on slopes of over 5%, anchor the mulch revegetated. with netting, peg and twine or other method so it doesn't wash away (see Anchoring, be- low); Anchoring Hay or Straw Mulch When anchoring mulch: Shallow Slope L3 on shallow slopes, lay strips of anchoring net across the slope; on steep (+20%) slopes lay the strips down the slope; 44 Ll anchor the upland edge of the net in a 6 inch deep trench; and Ll overlap net and mat edges 4" and staple the Steep center every 3 ft. (see illustrations on the next Slope page) Note: An acceptable alternative to hay and straw mulch is hydro-mulching or seeding; this is a com- mercial application of grass seed, fertilizer and a specially formulated mulch that is sprayed onto 41)1 the disturbed soil. It should only be used when there is sufficient growing season for the seed to germinate and take root and should not be used after September 30. 16 EROSION CONTROL Installation of Mulch Netting Anchor Slot: Bury the up-channel end of the net in a 6" deep trench. Tamp the soil firmly. Staple at 12" intervals across the net. 6" 3'1Centers Joining Strips: Insert the new roll of net in a trench, as with the Anchor Slot. Overlap the up- channel end of the previous roll 18" and turn the end under 6". Staple the end of the previous roll just below the anchor slot and at the end of 12" intervals. Overlap: Overlap edges of the strips at least 4". Staple every 3 feet down the center of the strip- Check Slots: On erodible soils or steep slopes, check slots should be made every 15 feet. Insert ....... a fold of the net into a 6" trench and tamp fim-dy. Staple at 12" intervals across the net. Lay the net smoothly on the surface of the soil - do not stretch the net, and do not allow wrinkles. Erosion Control Blankets Various types of erosion control "blankets" or erosion matting are available commercially. Made of natural fiber and a mat of organic mate- rial that serves as a fertile bed for plant growth, dim these blankets can be used in place of natural grass @KRX sod. The photograph shows a typical blanket type installation (in foreground) in a roadside ditch. 'KI: Note rock riprap is used on the steep sloping ditch Sx@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beyond the hay bale. *;N13' Centers __1 L 17 VOLUME II Sodding Covering erodible soils with grass sod or turf is use staples or mesh wire or wooden pins an effective erosion control measure, if done cor- to hold sod or steeper slopes; and rectly. It is best used in drainage channels or on lawns but not on steep slopes. Further: irrigate the sodded area immediately after laying it. use sod only on slopes of 2:1 or flatter; use freshly lifted sod; Butting-angled ends caused by lay sod strips at right angles to the water the automatic sod cutter must be flow and stagger joints (see diagram); matched correctly. Lay sod in a staggered pattern. Butt the strips tightly against each other Do not leave spaces and do not overlap. A sharpened mason's trowel is a handytool fortucldng down the ends and trimming pieces Lay sod across the direc- tion of flow. Use pegs or staples to fasten sod firmly-at the ends of strips and in the center, or every 3-4 feet If the strips are long. When ready to mow, drive pegs or staples flush with the ground. ROLL sod immediately to WATER to a depth of 4" as MOW when the sod is estab- achieve firm contact with the needed. Water well as soon lished-in 2-3 weeks. Set the soil. as the sod is laid. mower high (2"-3"). 18 EROSION CONTROL Revegetation and/or Seeding Under the PBR procedure you must permanently Prepare w2tering depression inside exc"ed area revegetate or seed disturbed areas as soon as your project is complete. In areas where sod is inap- propriate (i.e., areas that are steep or rocky, in shaded areas and along streambanks) stabilizing Planting soil mixture the soil with vegetative cover, such as trees, shrubs, vines and ground cover, is best because Plant at some depth as where previously grown they control erosion, provide habitat and buffer (slight highet in poorly drained soils). Spread out water bodies from phosphorus. toots of bare-root specimens. When revegetating remember to: Garden hose LJ select trees or shrubs that are hardy and and e meet the size, growth, shading and wild- life benefits you desire; 11- -!7 L3 stake and support newly planted trees; 0 water and fertilize trees in the early spring; 0 mulch or seed soil between trees and shrubs; L3 make sure no soil is left exposed; tRFIES UNDER 20' � monitor the revegetated area and check growth periodically; and � lime and fertilize, based on soil tests, for Gardan hose ground covers, vines and seeding; or use: Turnbuckles - ground limestone: 130 lbs/1,000 sq. ft. or Drive stakes - fertilizer (10- 10- 10 or equivalent): at sarrbe 14 lbs/1,000 sq. ft Anchot (log angle .as etc.) guy wife TREES OVER 20' 19 VOLUME H SPECIAL SITUATIONS Working with Pressure-Treated Lumber and Concrete If your project involves the placement of pres- sure-treated wood or concrete in wetlands, streams, lakes or rivers, follow these directions: 1. Cure Pressure-treated Lumber before 2. Keep Fresh Concrete and Concrete Using Formwork Away from the Water A fresh batch of pressure-treated wood can No fresh concrete should come in contact contain toxic chemicals that have not been with surface or ground waters. The concrete absorbed by the wood. To prevent these will contan-dnate the waters. Use only pre- chen-dcals from being washed off into nearby cast concrete that is well cured, or isolate water, cure or air dry the lumber as soon as new concrete work with forms or a coffer it is delivered on-site. This is done by dam while it cures in-place for at least 7 restacking and placing strapping between days. On small jobs in shallow water the each layer of wood, so air can move freely coffer dam can be made from sand bags and around it. Only use the wood when it is dry sheets of plastic. and no wet spots are evident. heavy-weight plastic sheet Pressure treated lumber sand bags form work 1" x 311 strapping (or3imilar) retaining wall temporary upport backfill to this level after removin forms, e rebar Allow Pressure Treated Lumber to Cure Isolate Fresh Con from the Water 20 SPECIAL SITUATIONS Installing Culverts When installing a culvert follow these guide- U the dirt over the top is at least as deep lines: as half the culvert diameter; Ll the ends extend beyond the fill and are 1. Place the road to cross the stream channel riprapped; at right angles; select a location with firm 0 the overall slope of the culvert does not banks and level approaches. exceed 1%; and L3 if more than one culvert is used, one is 2. Select a culvert (or culverts) that is large lower to carry low flows. enough to handle runoff from a 10 year frequency storm.* The culvert must not be The Maine Soil and Water Conser- over 75 ft. long. vation District offices (see page 26) can help youfigure this out. As a 3. Install the culvert(s) so that: general rule the culvert cross sectional area must be equal or Ll the bottom is at or just below streambed greater than 2.5 times the stream level (to allow fish passage); cross-section. Ll earth or gravel is tamped around at least half the culvert for its full length; HOW TO INSTALL A CULVERT Road surface Metal culvert Tamp in earth or gravel Stream bed level Airt V Extend end beyond fill *4 Place riprap Lower the middle culvert eed and mulch to accept low flow N, Z49 Area of 3'--culverts equals Z 2.6 times average cross- L sectional stream area 21 VOLUME II CASE STUDY A Sample Permit by Rule Notification Document Use this example of a completed PBR Notification document as a model for your project submission. You must mail the Notification Form, your application fee, a location map and photographs of the existing site to the DEP for your submission to be consideried complete. Provide additional information if possible. STEP 1: Fill out the PBR Notification Form Obtain this form from one of DEP's offices (see page 28 for addresses and phone numbers). Fill in your name, address, phone, etc. Provide exact instructions on how to find your site. Describe what you plan to do precisely; use additional paper if necessary to describe or il- lustrate the project. (See over for example.) Refer to Chapter 305 from DEP and determine which topic (sec- tion) applies to you; then read the entire section so you know what standards apply to you. Mail this form along with the at- tachments, viacertiried mail, to the nearest DEP office listed. Note: This example form has been reduced in size. 22 CASESTUDY STEP 2: Provide Additional Information El In this example the appli- cant has drawn a plan of his project to explain his proposal. The map shows exactly I t4@ what area will be impacted by the roadway. LJ The cross-section below shows how the three-foot diameter culverts will be installed under the pro- posed roadway. F_ Vux C SKETCH MAP OF STREAM CROSSWO fMp" Amd LAMCrwLPETERvIGUE JAMES P. C;ORMIER. CPSSISC APPLICAW - MR. POLAM V19M CERTAgey W-N SMEMW - MTL4ND S CWN"Sr 2*W4TP4=FMAD X0LrFHaEXWKJrR1*AGE 43SCA CULVERT CROSS SECTION (N.T.S.) CA)WE-WrS 10, F L-97 Rti> PAP P4? RAP 23 VOLUME H STEP 3: Submit a Location Map 0 Using a copy of a USGS topographic or a map IN from the Maine Atlas and A Gazetteer (printed by the DeLorme Mapping Com- @q. pany), clearly indicate the exact location of your % site. Use an arrow and/ or circle to highlight the P g - precise location. cm" D The map should be on an 81/2" x 11 sheet of paper ML v (the example has been re- duced from 8;6" x 1111 size). 4 LOCA71014 MAP 0 1 2 1 mbs K@7 ....... JAMES P. CORMIER. CP*&CSC THr,UAiNE ATLAS and GAZETTEER CENTOWD SO& SC"173 F I Vrffrl-AXD SCrEmmT MAP it WMATINKMROAD S0MBERWX:V,#Awr amm 24 CASESTUDY STEP 4: Subndt Site Photographs El Paste color photos of the area you plan to disturb onto one or more 8;6" x 11 sheets ... . . ... .. Ll Indicate on the photo, or in A view of the exising I ging road which 09 the photo description, where crosses the stream. .. ..... ........ .. the protected resource is lo- .. .. . ..... cated and what the photo shows. (For more informa- tion also see pages 9 and 10.) iiii6iimi6p aim me 99W A close-up of the stream at the proposed culverted cross.Mg. The tape shown in the center-right portion of the photo measures ton feet across. A view of the proposed crossing area looking upstream. A view of the proposed crossing area looking Only submit clear color downstream. prints; fuzzy, out-of-focus photographs are unaccept- able 25 VOLUME H FOR MORE INFORMATION Much of the information you may need to comply with the Natural Resources Protection Act is described below, along with a reference to an information source. Addresses and telephone numbers for state and federal information sources cited appear following the topic -references. Topic and Type of Information Source The Natural Resources Protection Act Maine Department of Environmental Protection - Statute - Bureau of Land & Water Quality - Regulations - Division of Land Resource Regulation - Educational. Publications - Other natural resources protection laws Town and city offices; planning directors; code enforcement officers Forest Management Practices Maine Department of Conservation - Maine Forest Service - Land Use Regulation Commission Maps Maine Department of Conservation - Topographical - Maine Geological Survey (topographical, - Wetlands and sand dunes wetlands and sand dunes, National Wetlands - National Wetlands Inventory Inventory) - Aerial photographs U. S. Geological Survey (topographical) U. S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (aerial photographs) Some city and town offices may also have maps on file Natural Areas of Significance Maine Department of Conservation - Maine Natural Areas Program Plumbing Code and Septic Tank Installation Maine Department of Human Services Division of Health Engineering Local plumbing inspector Sea Run Salmon Spawning and Nursery Areas Atlantic Sea Run Salmon Commission 26 FOR MORE INFORMATION Shoreland Zoning Maine Department of Environmental Protection - Regulations - Shoreland Zoning Unit - Maps City or Town Offices Solid Waste Maine Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Hazardous Materials & Solid Waste Control DEP Regional Offices Submerged Lands Maine Department of Conservation - Bureau of Public Lands Unorganized Towns Maine Dept. of Conservation - Districts and Regulations Land Use Regulation Commission - District zoning maps - Lakes, rivers, streams and high mountain area maps Wetlands Maine Department of Environmental Protection - Maps - Bureau of Land & Water Quality - Regulations - Division of Land Resource Regulation - Soils Maine Department of Conservation - Federal laws - Maine Geological Survey (maps) - Land Use Regulation Commission (maps and regulations) - Maine Natural Areas Program U. S. Geological Survey (maps) U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (federal laws and regulations) U. S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (soils maps) Wildlife Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife - Fisheries and wildlife management (fisheries and wildlife management, endangered - Endangered and threatened species) and threatened species) - Deer yards - Critical areas IF&W regional offices (fisheries and wildlife management, endangered and threatened species) Maine Department of Conservation - Maine Natural Areas Program (critical areas) Maine Department of Conservation - Land Use Regulation Commission (deer yards in unorganized territory) 27 VOLUME Il Agency Addresses and Phone Numbers Maine Department of Environmental Protection Fisheries 255-3772 Headquarters & Central Maine Office Wildlife 255-4715 State House Station #17 Augusta, ME 04333 Region D (207)287-2111 RFD #3, Box 3770 1-800-452-1942 Farmington, ME 04938 Fisheries 778-3322 Bureau of Remediation & Waste Management Wildlife 778-3324 Bureau of Land & Water Quality Region E (Thefollowing divisions arefound in the Bureau of P. 0. Box 551 Land & Water Quality.) Greenville, IvIE 04441 695-3756 Division of Land Resource Regulation Division of Water Resource Regulation Region F Division of Watershed Management P. 0. Box 66 Division of Environmental Assessment Enfield, ME 04433 732-4131 Northern Maine Regional Office 528 Central Drive Region G Presque Isle, ME 04769 P. 0. Box 416 (207) 764-0477 Ashland, ME 04732 435-3231 Eastern Maine Regional Office 1-800-322-4011 106 Hogan Road Bangor, ME 04401 Maine Department of Conservation (207) 941-4570 Maine Forest Service Southern Maine Regional Office State House Station #22, Augusta, ME 04333 312 Canco Road (207)287-2791 Portland, ME 04103 (207)822-6300 Maine Geological Survey State House Station #22, Augusta, ME 04333 Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife (207)287-2801 Headquarters State House Station #41 Bureau of Public Lands Augusta, ME 04333 State House Station #22, Augusta, ME 04333 (207)287-3371 (207)287-3061 IF&W Regional Offices: Land Use Regulation Commission Region A State House Station #22, Augusta, ME 04333 RR # 1, 328 Shaker Road (207) 287-2631 Gray, ME 04039 1-800-322-1333 Maine Natural Areas Program State House Station #93, Augusta, ME 04333 Region B (207)287-8044 RFD # 1, Box 6378 Waterville, ME 04901 Maine Department of Human Services 1-800-322-3606 Division of Health Engineering Region C State House Station flO, Augusta, ME 04333 68 Water Street (207) 287-5338 Machias, ME 04654 28 FOR MORE INFORMATION Atlantic Sea Run Salmon Commission Oxford County SWCD 650 State, Street, Bangor, ME 04401 1 Main St., South Paris, ME 04281 941-4449 Phone: 743-7019 Federal Agencies Penobscot County SWCD 970 Illinois Ave., Suite 2, Bangor, ME 04401 U. S. Department of Agriculture Phone: 941-8973 Natural Resources Conservation Service 5 Godfrey Drive, Orono, ME 04473 Piscataquis County SWCD 866-7241 1073 W. Main St., Suite 7, Dover-Foxcroft, ME 04426 Phone: 564-2321 County Natural Resource Conservation Services (NRCS) Offices/Soil & Water Somerset County SWCD Conservation District Offices 7 High SL, Skowhegan, ME 04976 Phone:474-8324 Maine Soil & Water Conservation Districts Waldo County SWCD Androscoggin Valley SWCD 69 Northport Avenue, Belfast, ME 04915 27 Westminster Street, Lewiston, ME 04240 Phone: 338-2320 Phone: 783-9196 Washington County SWCD (Androscoggin-Sagadahoc) P.O. Box 121, Machias, ME 04654 Central Aroostook SWCD Phone: 255-3995 Aroostook Ag Center Bldg. York County SWCD 744 Main Street, Presque Isle, ME 04769 160 Cottage Street, Sanford, ME 04073 Phone: 764-4153 Phone: 324-7015 St. John Valley SWCD 0 U. S. Geological Survey 96 Market Street, Fort Kent, ME 04743 Phone: 834-3311 26 Ganneston Drive, Augusta, ME 04330 (Northern Aroostook) 622-8208 Southern Aroostook SWCD 0 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration RR #3, Box 45, Houlton, ME 04730 6501 Lafayette Avenue, Riverdale, MD 20737 Phone: 532-2087 (301)436-6990 Cumberland County SWCD * U. S. Army Corps of Engineers 381 Main Street, Gorham, MEE 04038 Maine Project Office Phone: 839-7842 RR 2, Box 1855, Manchester, ME 04351 623-8367 Franklin County SWCD 623-8124 2 Park Street, Farmington, ME 04938 Phone: 778-4279 New England Regional Office 424 Trapelo Road, Waltham, MA 02254 Hancock County SWCD 1-800-343-4789 RFD 5, Box 508W, Ellsworth, ME 04605 Phone: 687-8663 Kennebec County SWCD Federal Bldg., Room 408C, Augusta, ME 04330 Phone: 622-8250 Knox-Lincoln SWCD 191 Camden Road, Warren, ME 04864 Phone: 273-2005 29 . 11181111110111111, - '3 6668 14108 5680 @l r