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ROBINBON & NOBLE, INCORPORAME0 GROUNO WATER GEOLOG-STS 10318 GRAVELLY LAKE OP.VE SV%. TACOMA. WASHINGTON 98499 1206) 584-4370 THE WATER RESOURCES OF NORTHERN LUMMI ISLAND An Inventory and Management Plan for Mr. James Arthur, Planner and Whatcom County Planning Department June 1978 TD 224 S" 1978 By Ronald G. Schmidt, CPG, RPG The preparation of this report was financially aided through a grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology with funds obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and appro- priated for Section 306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction --------------------------------- 1 Purpose ---------------------------------------------- 2 Scope ------------------------------------------------ 2 Approach --------------------------------------------- 3 Previous Work ------------------------------------------- 4 Geology ------------------------------------------------- 4 Hydrology ----------------------------------------------- 6 Climate ---------------------------------------------- 6 Hydrogeology ----------------------------------------- 7 Water Quality ---------------------------------------- 8 Production Potential --------------------------------- 9 Water Budget ----------------------------------------- - 9 Water Resources ----------------------------------------- 10 General ---------------------------------------------- 10 Supply ----------------------------------------------- 11 Demand --------------------- 7 ------------------------- 13 Management Principals -------------------------------- 14 Conclusions and Recommendations ------------------------- 15 Suitability Matrix ----------------------------------- Additional Data -------------------------------------- 17 Interference/Intrusion Studies ----------------------- 18 Bibliography ------------------------------ Follows Page 18 Appendices A - Climatic Data B - Hydrologic Methods C - Chemical Data D - Well Data E - Water System Coordination Act - Proposed Regulation ILLUSTRATIONS Follows Page Figure 1 Topographic Map ---------------------------- I 2 Geologic Map ------------------------------- 5 V 3 Cross Section(s) ----- 7 --------------------- 5 4 Depth to Bedrock or Pleistocene Cover ------ 5 5 Hydrologic Map ---- ------------------------ 6 6 Water Budget ------------------------------- 9 7 Water Resource Options ---------------------- 10 8 Matrix -------------- ----------------------- 16 PROLOGUE Island Water resources are among the most fragile and sensitive systems existing in nature. They depend on a critical balance be- tween precipitation falling on the land surface and on runoff of water both on the surface and through the ground. Interference by water production and waste disposal by man affects that system in various ways, sometimes both quickly and dramatically. Understanding the character and limits of the natural processes involved, and how they are effected by human activities, is essential to gaining maxi- mum utilization of the resource through intelligent management. Without such management much of the resource is commonly wasted or inefficiently used, resulting in unnecessary pursuit of alternative measures for water supply involving major engineering works and committment of economic resources. For these reasons, islands warrant special attention and special effort in planning for water resource utilization. Because of the attraction of island environments for human recreation and residency they tend to be more keenly stressed than mainland areas. In response to both the resulting needs and the inherent fragility, water resource management knowledge and tech- nology has been strongly developed in recent years. The concept of developing Water Resource Management Plans as a precursor and prerequisite to Land Use Planning is as yet not widely applied, but it is growing at a very rapid pace as the effects of our failure to do so compound 'Our other environmental problems. THE WATER RESOURCES OF NORTHERN LUMMI ISLAND June, 1978 INTRODUCTION Ltunmi Island is a northwest-southeast trending elongate island in Puget Sound just off the Lummi Peninsula. It lies a few miles west of Bellingham across Bellingham Bay. The majority of the island area lies within T.37N, R. 1E with small portions in T.38N, R.1E, T.37N, R.2E and T.36N, R.2E. The northern portion of the is- land is relatively low lying, gently rolling, with elevations ranging from sea level to 362 feet above sea level. The southern portion of the island is mountainous with elevations from sea level to Lummi Peak, with an elevation of 1,665 feet. This study, a survey of the geology and water resources and preparation of a preliminary water resource management plan for the island, was undertaken by Dr. Ronald G. Schmidt of Robinson & Noble, Inc. at the request of Mr. James Arthur, acting on behalf of the Whatcom County Planning Commission. It is to be used as part of the physical resources inventory In the preparation of an updated, com- prehensive plan for the island. FIGURE I 26 A !y m I LUM 35 4 N D 3. N ml Pt the! acon E R V A 1 0 N Goose berry 71 F* 0 4 r4i Braft Point Villaie fl. 1A . ... ... . 14 XQ...., 110 1rh. P-*w Fo .......... . 7 P-J, I bfD I A W., 13 ------ Su R E S E R V,*A,,T 0 A' aft-- rances 14, -N, 7 -V 23@ @-,ence Pt ATCOM C SKAGIT cz, W.@* P.Pd Carle 'Pea pod Rocks N11 ,ulder. Reef- STUDY AREA Viti Rocys N 2,21 mud 9 10 3000 0 3000 6000 FEET S i n c I a i r si.@ ai s a n The work summarized by this report was characterized by an unusual spirit of cooperative endeavor. Much of the preliminary collection of data and a considerable amount of the field effort during the assimilation of that data was carried out by Mr. James Arthur and by Mr. Mark Ingham. Through their efforts, more data were made available than would have otherwise been possible within the scope of this study. Purpose The objectives of this report are:- 1. To define and to delimit the ground water resource base in sufficient depth and reliability to permit preparation of a water resources management plan. 2. To determine the technical and management options which the community can elect for such a plan. 3. To describe the limitations of the information upon which this study is based and to recommend means for removing remaining uncertainties. Scope The economic framework established for this study has limited the work principally to collection and review of that existing in- formation which could be obtained from the usual sources. Additional steps included compilation of additional data where feasible, assimi- lation, calculation and formulation of a plan. The geographic scope was limited to the northern portion of the island because the shallow impermeable bedrock of the southern part was known to have limited ground water resources. -2- Approach In addition to compilation of available summary reports, a data base was compiled of information from 116 water wells pre- viously drilled in the study area. Of these.wells, most have been located. However, somewhat limited log information is available on only 67 and the locations of a number are somewhat questionable. Wherever possible locations were checked in the field in the course of gathering additional information. Well locations shown on the accompanying figures are for those wells for which the writer feels that adequate information is available to permit reliable inter- pretation for purposes of this report. In order to understand the resources and develop a viable management plan it is essential to understand the full scope and limitations of the hydrologic system involved. This necessitates knowing.quite accurately the volume and distribution of the re- sources available. An important key factor involved is the water entering the system from climatic sources. Because there is not an official weather station on the island, climatic data have of neces- sity been approximated from the closest observation points. The general spectrum of data are generally considered to be adequate for planning purposes and to establish a general framework of the hydrologic system and its water management pa.rameters. Im- plementation of a water management program, however, will require verification and completion of the data net,as a requisite to re- liable resource management. -3- PREVIOUS WORK The principal sources of background material for this report are the published works of federal and state government workers who have gathered data in previous years. The most comprehensive ex- amination of the geology of Lummi Island itself was done by Parker Calkin in 1959. The island is mentioned or described as a part of larger scope studies by Easterbrook (19XX), Water Supply Bulletin No. 12 (1960), Easterbrook (1973), Newcomb and Sceva (1949) and by Walters (1971). Several reports not dealing directly with Lummi but containing information concerning surrounding areas and/or principals which were pertinent include U. S. Geological Survey (1971), Water Supply Bulletin No. 46 (1975), U. S. Geological Survey (1974). In addition, two unpublished engineering reports were reviewed but proved of limited value for purposes of this study. They were: Carey and Kramer (1968) and Hammond, Collier and Wade - Livingstone Associates (1974). Regional studies of the glacial and/or bedrock geology are contained in numerous reports which will not be referenced here. The reader is referred to the bibliographies of those cited above and to the bibliography at the end of this report for a comprehensive listing. GEOLOGY The northern half of Lummi Island is essentially an irregular bedrock surface mantled by glacial drift. In several places, bedrock -4- is exposed directly or is covered by a thin veneer of soil and vegetation (see Geologic Map - Figure 2). The bedrock consists of four different units whose ages, stratigraphy and structure are not clearly understood. The Chuckanut Formation is'largely sandstone and conglomerate on the island and makes up the majority of the area where bedrock is exposed at the surface or encountered in drilled wells. Volcanic rocks crop out at several locations at the coast (e.g. Migley Point, Legoe Bay, Echo Point). Pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks tentatively identified as Turtleback Formation crop out in a small area on a hilltop inland near the southern end of the north part of the island.. Metamorphosed sedimentary rocks which form the bedrock for the bulk of the southern part of the island crop out locally at the base of the mountain on the ex- treme southern edge of the study area. Pleistocene (ice-age) deposits mantle the flanks and valleys in the older bedrock topography. They are composed principally or entirely of glacial deposits of varying origins. The bulk of the section appears to be till and clay with lesser amounts of sands and gravels. Units of both range in thickness from a few inches to as much as 50 feet or more. The maximum overall thickness of the Pleistocene deposits is more than 207 feet (Well 15E3). Where the bedrock crops out at the surface, the Pleistocene deposits are ab- sent. (See Geologic Map - Figure 2, Cross Sections, Figure 3 and Depth to Bedrock Map - Figure 4.) The configuration of the-base of the Pleistocene mantle suggests moderately rugged topographic relief on the bedrock surface in pre- Pleistocene time. Glacial debris was deposited directly from the ice and in a lake environment resulting from ice ponding. Surface soils are generally gravelly and moderately well drained. -5- FIGURE L UMMI BA Y nita 20 10 00 .151 32 3 t 'j,'l he 2. E A a El. 1: 5 4 00 A r 3 CABLE G 37N oin .,k: uy, B'cat Ram UMMI 66, d Z2 h 'Ti Lig Bay on Lovers el Ce Erumstead GEOLOGIC MAP 4 CHUCKANUT FORMATION VOLCANICS V TURTLEBACK FORMATION QUATERNARY N c 1000 2W 3W 0 1000 C5, ROBINSON AND NOBLE INC. GEOLOGY AFTER CALKIN AVD OTHERS r Extensive discussion of both the bedrock and the Pleistocene geology has been presented in the publications cited under Previous Work. Since these details are not pertinent to the task at hand, they will not be repeated or abstracted here. HYDROLOGY Climate Formal weather data for Lummi Island is not available because of the absence of a weather station on the island. In order to deal with the hydrology of the area, the data were gathered from the two nearest weather station locations, Olga on Orcas Island,.and Belling- ham on the mainland. These data summaries are presented in Appendix A. The average rainfall at Olga is 27.9 inches per year and that for Bellingham is 49.1 inches per year. Because Lummi lies within the edge of the Olympic Rain Shadow, the average precipitation is judged to be somewhat less than the average between Olga and Belling- ham, or about 36 inches per year. However the southern part.of the island is very mountainous and probably receives over 40 inches per year leaving a net rainfall average of perhaps 32 inches for the northern part of the island which is generally the lowland area. In other respects the climatic conditions are similar to con- ditions either in the San Juans or the mainland. Mean annual temp- o 0 erature is just under 50 The winter mean is probably about 39 F and the summer mean is estimated to be about 580F. As judged by observation of vegetation, topography, and cultural features, the climate is a marine type with cool dry summers, mild wet winters, and rather narrow daily fluctuation in temperature. -6- A: 1OOKING NORTHFASTERtY Goo, 6m goo 4W 3ow 300 200 A too, "BEDROCK- loo SFA LEY"t PLEISTOCENE MA Lf" it SFA LEVEL it -low -100 tOOKING SOUTHEASTERLY B, "PLEISTOCENE MANTLE" 300 in" 0 2000 3000 CROSS SECTIONS SHOWING DEPTH TO BEDROCK 200* A 'BEDROCK" ow VIL V -Lr -" .@-"PLEIS.TOCEMF MANT I.A VIM WIT, LUMMI ISLAND WATER RESOURCE SURVEY DE"M 70 BEDROCK (BELOW LAND SURFACE) INTERVAL 50' --ZM-3WOFEET A SECTION LIMB ISDN= OUTCROP CIO I or[ 0/1 owl, .s lkt A, RMINWN AND NME INC. ass. GROUND WATER GEOWGIM 5/78 TACOMA W45"INMON G 7&-22 Hydrogeology The geologic framework described above reduces itself to two basic hydrologic regimes. The bedrock, in which water is stored in fractures and fissures in the relatively impe rmeable ground mass of the rock, and the Pleistocene sedimentary mantle. In the latter case, water is stored in both the permeable sands and gravels and in the much less permeable but still quite porous silts and tills.- The storage capacity of the silts and tills is judged to be at least ten times as good as the bedrock and the transmissivity (ability of the water to move through the material) is judged to be generally higher. Wells which penetrate the bedrock have moderate to low yield. In some cases the yield is so low that the well cannot be used for domestic purposes. In the absence of sufficient water at shallow depths several wells have been drilled from 200 to 300 feet in bedrock. Those wells have significantly lower water quality. General geologic conditions indicate that there is both a regime water table and one or more perched water tables. In areas at or near the coast the water table is near sea level. Inland, and espe- cially in the areas where bedrock is at or near the surface,-wells have an independent and much higher water table. There is no evi- dence for confined aquifers either at shallow or greater depths. All of the ground water present is believed to be derived from in- filtration from precipitation or, at greater depth, from sea water intrusion. Because the surface soils tend to be granular and in some cases coarsely granular, infiltration takes place readily. Where the slopes are very gentle and where sufficient fine soil materials or bedrock lie near the surface, there are marshy spots and infiltration -7- 2.0 HYDROLOGIC MAP PRIMARY RE-CHARGE AREAS SECONDARY RECHARGE AREAS 0 ossa, SENSITIVE RECHARGE AREAS PROBABLE GROUNDWATER ROW K, DIRECTIONS ESTIMATED ELEVA71ON OF WATER p -5 TABLE 4 o3m, WELL LOCATION 0 0 Z."Z. 1602 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 400OFM Wo -91 Q It 961 to 1@ . (j)'r t r it 14 11x" I p 1, So -p ROBINSAON AND NOBLE INC. Ras GROUND WATER GEOLOGIM TACOll" VIASHINGTON 5/78 070-22 may not be as rapid. Nevertheless it is in many of these relatively flat areas where the water table is shallow that the majority of the infiltration probably takes place for the Pleistocene materials. Observations concerning the water table gradient await addi- tional data concerning water table elevation in drilled wells. At the present time, only a handful of such data exists and anything more than a general description cannot be made as yet. Most of the recharge rainwater is wasted to the sea in coastal areas and beneath the lens of fresh water on the island. Water Quality In 1971 the U. S. Geological Survey and State Department of Ecology cooperated in a study of sea water intrusion along coastal areas for the state. They concluded: "On Lummi Island, sea-water intrusion is presently (1968) a problem only along the northeast shoreline between the northernmost point of the-island and the community of Lummi Island, and for about half a mile east of Village Point (pl. 8). The highest chloride concentration (355 mg/1) sampled was from well 37/1-4JI, which is 55 feet deep and taps a sandstone aquifer. No wells are now in use in the intruded area east of Village Point. Chloride concentrations of 15 to 30 mg/1 are common on the island and do not indicate intrusion, as some of the concentrations in that range are from wells that do not extend to sea level. However, sub- stantial increases in ground-water withdrawal on the island without danger of intrusion probably could be accomplished by means of widely spaced wells, each of fairly low yield" At the present time the 11. S. Geological Survey is gathering samples to update that ten-year-old study. Sampling done within the scope of the report does not reveal any areas of serious salt water intrusion although there are some wells which show more than -8- twice the background content of 20 ppm chloride. Most notably Well 38/32P4 has an usually high chloride content indicating either intrusion or penetration of brackish water at the base of the fresh water lens. Production Potential From a water production point of view the greatest potential for sustained yield at moderate production rates appears to be sand and gravel layers and lenses within the Pleistocene mantle. Although thisregime has potentially the greatest storage capacity, the sand and gravel layers are relatively thin. A potential of 20 to 30 gpm per well should be the maximum design criteria for water resource planning purposes. Water Budget In order to provide an estimate of the resource base available for water resource planning in the next section of this report, an estimate must be made of the hydrologic budget. Preparation of such a budget requires accounting for all of the water entering and leaving the system. Although such a budget usually requires accounting for approximately nine terms an island system such as Lummi permits a more simplified approximation accounting for only four terms. Figure 6 is a presentation of the overall budget con- siderations and a tabular presentation of the data. As already outlined, precipitation (P) for the north part of Lummi Island is estimated to be 32 inches per year. By using a standard technique for such estimation outlined in Alopendix B, values for R & I and Et may be derived. Specific measurement of drainage -9- FIGURE 6 LUMMI ISLAND WATER RESOURCE STUDY WATER BUDGET CALCULATIONS A. GENERAL WATER BUDGET EQUATION P + I = R + Et + 0 + W + G + S + Sm where: P = Precipitation I = Inflow from surrounding regions R = Stream runoff Et = Evapotranspiration 0 = Groundwater W = Wastage at base of fresh water lens G = Changes in ground water storage S = Changes in surface water storage Sm = Changes in soil moisture B. SIMPLIFIED WATER BUDGET EQUATION - Applicable to Lummi Island Study Area P = R + I + Et where: P = Precipitation R = Surface runoff I = Inf iltrat ion Et= Evapotranspiration I. Precipitation (P) Bellingham = 49.1 in/yr average Olga = 27.9 in/yr aVE!rage Average of the two stations- 38.5 N. Lummi estimated P = 32 i.n/yr S. Lummi estimated P = 46 in/yr 6a II. Runoff (R), Infiltration (I) and Evapo-transpiration (Et) Et = Estimated by standard practice (Thornthwaite,method - see Appendix B) Et = 21 inches P = R + I + Et 32 = R + I + 21 R + I = 11 inches III. Calculation of four cases for Reasonable Value Ranges for R + I A B C D R = 6 inches 4 inches 3 inches 2 inches I = 5 inches 7 inches 8 inches 9 inches IV. Recoverable Underflow - Estimated as 50% (maximum) of I A B C D UR 2*.5 3.5 4 4.5 inches/yr- Annual Recoverable Water (QR) - Sustained 7-Jield (QR = Area x UR) A B C D QR gallons 173,760,000 243,264,000 278,016,000 312,768,000 6b VI. Population and Housing supportable under Water Management Program disregarding short-term supply/demand variables and assuming permanent population. A B c D Population 4760 6665 7617 8567 Dwelling Units 1763 2468 2821 3173 Population Density 1.9/acre 2.6/acre 3.0/acre 3.3/acre VII. Population and Housing supportable under no Management Program Population 2380 3333 3800 4284 Dwelling Units 880 1234 1410 1586 Population Density 1/acre- 1.25/acre 1.5/acre 11.7/acre Housing Density 2.9ac/Du 2.Oac/Du 1.8ac/Du IL.6ac/Du basin runoff would benecessary to determine a specific value for R. Since that data is not available, calculations have been based on assumed values for R & I for four cases which together are be- lieved to represent a reasonable range of real values. Thus the estimated maximum groundwater which could be produced annually withina carefully managed program is shown in calculation V. Translated to population demand and dwellings which could be sup- ported, these figures yield calculation group VI. Without management, the best performance (yield) which could be expected is shown in calculation VII. Within the range of values given under the assump- tions of A, B, C & D, the values represented by A or B are preferred as appropriately conservative until additional data from a manage- ment program might permit more relaxed conditions. WATER RESOURCES General The hydrologic budget developed above represents the broad concept of the hydrologic cycle. Driven by the sun's energy both directly and indirectly through wind, the water resources of* the world are part of a dynamic process of movement. In certain ways living things intercede in that process and affect the dynaraic balance which is a product of the physical processes. The amount and nature of the vegE@tation which covers the land directly affects the evapotranspiration rate as one example. In addition, human intervention through growing technology and increasing demands for water resources has become an increasing factor in what otherwise is a totally natural cycle. By intercepting either surface water _10- WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS POPULATION m iz 5000 TO 7500 TO 8500 TO 101000 OVER 10,000 WATER SUPPLY AND DISPOSAL OPTION LEVELS INDIVIDUAL WELLS AND COLLECTIVE TREATMENT COLLECTIVE WATER COLLECTIVE WATER COLLECTIVE WATER OF WASTEWATER SYSTEMS (MULTIPLE) SYSTEMS SYSTEMS INDIVIDUAL WELLS GROUND WATER SOURCE GROUND a SURFACE WATERS IMPORTED WATER AND OR AND AND AND SEPTIC SYSTEMS COLLECTIVE WASTEWATER COLLECTIVE WASTEWATER COLLECTIVE WASTEWATER B COLLECTIVE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL WATER DISTRIBUTION AND INDIVIDUAL SEPTIC SYSTEMS ECONOMIC FACTORS A S 5.30 / 1000 Gallons it 3.70 1000 Gallons S 3.80/1000 Gallons S 4.50/1000 Gallons 9 5.00 1000 Gallons B S 2.50/ 1000 Gallons -n C= 70 m or ground water in that portion of the cycle where water moves through or over the land surface we are able to utilize the water for various purposes. Almost all of the water is returned to some other portion of the hydrologic cycle. If we view man's inter- ception as a sub-cycle in itself, we must deal with balancing con- cepts of supply and demand bringing these into some sort of recon- ciliation by a management "routine" or set of management principals. supply The overall framework or resource base was established for the Lummi Island study area under the Hydrology section above. In the absence of concrete data for the assumed values or ranges of values shown, we must necessarily adopt a conservative position with respect to estimates of supply. Analyses of the range of variables will be expedited by developin g the concepts of three alternate routes: Alternative A Dispersed Private Wells. This production alternative is the one which has been historically used because it is the least costly and lends itself to a population base whi3h is also dispersed, has low density and relatively low requirements for water. Alternative B Community Water Systems - Wells. This is a somewhat more sophisticated version of the first alternate. Multiple wells are combined into a water system serving more than one user. Such systems may be very simple or much more complex depending upon the hydrologic setting, the distribution and the number of users. Alternate C - Public Utility System. Such a system is usually utilized in instances where user requirements and/or environmental factors require an engineered capital-intensive water distribution system. Because these alternatives are closely related to and indirectly impacted by environmettal factors related to waste water and solid waste disposal, consideration of system alternatives must also take into account waste water systems. Figure 7 shows five alternative stages of water resource development and utilization associated with appropriate levels of population. It should be clear that' there are not distinct boundaries between these alternatives. Many urban areas or suburban regions are served by all of these alternatives. They are here divided for purposes of contrast, comparison and analysis. So, too, the economic framework constructed for better understanding of the alternatives is generalized, assumptive and not intended to represent engineering estimates of the costs of such systems. Such an analysis would require much more detailed information than is currently available and a much more rigorous engineering treatment of that data than is possible within the scope of this study. Nevertheless, the alternatives and their economic correlatives serve to illustrate variations in cost. Because the data have been ad- justed for island conditions, they cannot be compared to typical costs encountered in urban or suburban situations. There are a variety of engineering measures which could lend themselves to enhancement of the supply. Included among these would be dams or levees to create surface water impoundments, grout cur- tains t.o reduce groundwater underflow and various types of storage -12- structures. The specific selection of one or more of these would depend not only upon the geologic, topographic and climatic con- ditions, but also upon economic factors. All are highly capital intensive and relatively high in operating, repair and maintenance costs. Demand Neglecting commercial or industrial utilization, water demand for residential purposes is directly related to population, socia- economic or technology level and supply. In the absence of limits to supply, demand is determined entirely by the first two factors. Calculated as an average- daily requirement, demand has slowly been increasing over the years from approximately 50 gallons per day per person at the turn of the century to a current utilization for the United States of almost 100 gallons per day per person. For planning purposes this historic growth per capita is usually projected to a figure of approximately 150 gallons per day per person on a national average, including commercial, industrial and agricultural usage. It should be noted that these demands fluctuate considerably not only within a daily time frame but with annual and sometimes other period- icity. Because utilization is highly time dependent, the Department of Social and Health Services in the State of Washington requires a planning figure of 800 gallons per day per dwelling unit for water system design. This is more than twice the average daily requirement for a dwelling unit containing 3.5 people at a current national average use level of 100 gallons per day per person. The average figure of 2.7 persons per dwelling unit is indicated as appropriate for Lummi Island. Although average utilization is probably less than 100 gallons per day per person, that figure has been utilized -13- for purposes of this plan. It should be recognized that utilization of national standards would require 150 gallons per day per person, a figure that is probably reasonable for the level of usage which might be expected from a fair proportion of new -dwelling units to be built in the future. Management Principals Balancing supply and demand so as not to create dislocations and to accomodate the expectations of users within a reasonable economic framework is the basic requirement of a water resource management system. In order to do so, management personnel must have a very accurate picture of both the available supply and the time and space related factors which bear upon it. They must also understand as completely as possible the entire fabric of demand and its time and space variables as well. The system requires adequate background knowledge of the scope of the resource, how that resource increases or diminishes under natural conditions and under the impact of demand patterns. Adjustments can then be made either in capacity, delivery, or in reduced utilization in order to keep the system in balance. The essential elements for effective management then are: Accurate Resource Base Accurate Supply Data Accurate Demand Data A "reporting" system of feedback loops which relay data from each area to the others -to permit management decisions to be made. -14- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The absence of an economic framework for implementation of a viable, active water resource management plan mitigates against presenting one at this time. Instead, the current and immediate future needs of the community and its ability to execute water management functions dictate that a passive or land-use regulatory management approach be adopted at this time. The following suggestions are presented for consideration: A. Regulate by zoning, conditional-use ordinance, or other appropriate statutory authority.the population density and land use in order to balance development needs against available water resources. B. Under interim standards, such as those suggested in Figure -B, continue to gather additional and more accurate data to add to the data base.. This could be achieved either through volunteer technical help from one or more island residents, -y-funded professional staff time, through state through count or federal agency cooperative programs, or through federal or state grant programs. C. As demand increases, and the perception of the need for a management program becomes more acute and widespread, ap- propriate mechanisms for active program management can be introduced. D. The first incremental change which would have both manage- ment and economic advantages would be the consolidation of individual user facilities into user groups, under Some kind -15- of "cooperative" system of management. Such groups should be formally constituted under county and state regulations to guarantee adequate engineering and management standards. If organized under the expectation of later consolidation, the transition to a comprehensive management system could be expedited. E. Because of the obvious dangers of salt water intrusion, septic tank pollution and well interference, it may be possible to constitute a "critical water supply service area" under new state law (HB 165). This designation establishes the mechanism for a viable cooperative manage- ment program and should be thoroughly investigated as a means of expeditious implementation of a management pro- gram. F. Solid waste disposal by landfill should be prohibited on the study-area portion of the island. Appropriate re- gulatory machinery should be investigated to evaluate its effectiveness as a deterrent against even casual abuse. Suitability Matrix In order to implement an interim control strategy, a matrix of tentative standards has been prepared (Figure 8). One scenario for use of the matrix might be to require appli- cation for building permits to contain: A. Predrilling of a domestic well to prove adequate water supply. The well report should show: 9 Depth to bodrock. e Depth to water table. _16- ON-SITE WASTEWATER DISPOSAL SUITABILITY MATRIX 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Depth to Primary Secondary Sensitive Geologic Bedrock Water Recharge Recharge Recharge Soil Setting Depth Table Area Area Area Slope Elevation Thickness Septic Tanks Permitted P >501 >25' No Yes No >5% NS >51 Density A P <50>25 <25>15 No No No >5% NS >51 Septic Tanks Permitted P >50' >25 Yes Yes No >5% NS >51 Density B P <50>15 <25>10 No Yes No >5% NS >51 Septic Tanks P & C <50>15 <25>10 No No No <5% NS <51 Conditional* No Septic Tanks V <15' <10'. NA NA NA <5% <10' <51 C <151 <10' NA NA NA <5% -10' <51 NOTES: 1 V = Volcanics NS = Not Significant C = Chuckanut SS NA = Not Applicable P = Pleistocene * Requires Test & Geology Report. All other conditions not listed. Interim Density Standards: A = 3 acres/Du B = 6 acres/Du Matrix to be included in Conditional Use Ordinance. M M 00 * Elevation,and location. 9 Driller's log with pump or bailer test data, casing data, descriptive log B. Results of percolation test for septic tank. Based on the data supplied and using the matrix - determine suitability and approve, require additional data, or disapprove. Additional Data Utilizing personnel and/or finding sources as mentioned above, the following data should be gathered. Inventory Accurately locate all wells on the island. Determine total depth, diameter, depth to water, materials penetrated, and all other data shown on well schedule form wherever feasible. Plot such data from all new wells drilled on the island. 9 Maintain and improve detail on the basic maps in report using this data. Longitudinal Studies Establish a weather station cn the island (The Olga station on Orcas has been operated by one family since 1889!). Gather temperature and precipitation data. 0 Measure runoff on one or more of the island drainage basins to establish a better R factor for the water budget. e Measure water table elevations in several wells in both bed- rock and Pleistocene materials and establish long-term fluctuation patterns. -17- e Sample and comduct periodic measurements of chlorides in selected deep wells and coastal wells to determine changes in the sea water intrusion flux. Interference/Intrusion Studies Higher capacity wells sometimes reduce the capacity of sur- rounding wells. They can also induce sea water intrusion and con- tamination of the aquifer thus reducing water quality in their vicinity. For these reasons a careful testing program should be required for any well designed to serve more than a single dwelling unit. That program should provide for regression analysis,removal of tidal effects in neighboring observation wells and for multiple testing for chlorides at the start, during and at the end of the pump test. Decisions concerning establishment of capacity limits for such wells should be based on this data. Respectfully submitted, ROBINSON & NOBLE, INCORPORATED Ground Water Geologists By R Ronald Schm-;^_dt onald BIBLIOGRAPHY Calkin, 1959, The Geology of Lummi and Eliza Islands, Whatcom County, WA., Parker Emerson Calkin, M.S. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Carey & Kramer, 1968, A Preliminary Study of Water and Sewer Needs at the Proposed Lummi Island Marine Laboratory. Pro- ject 67-7. Carey & Kramer, Consulting Engineers, 1917 First Avenue, Seattle, WA. Easterbrook, 1973, Environmental Geology of Western Whatcom County, WA, Don J. Easterbrook, Department of Geology, Western Washington State University, Bellingham, WA. Easterbrook, 19XX, Geology and Geomorphology of Western Whatcom County, Don J. Easterbrook, Department of Geology, Western Washington State University, Bellingham, WA. Hammond, Collier & Wade - Livingston Assoc., 1974, Engineering Report - Sunrise Cove Water Development Company, Lummi Island, WA, Hammond, Collier & Wade - Livingston Assoc., Consulting Engineers, 4010 Stone Way North, Seattle, WA. Newcomb & Sceva, 1949, Ground-Water Resources of Western Whatcom County, WA, R.C. Newcomb, J.E. Sceva, United States Geological Survey Open File Report, USGS - Water Resources Division, Tacoma, WA. Russell, 1975, Geology and Water Resources of the San Juan Islands, San Juan County, WA, edited by Robert H. Russell, State of Washington, Department of Ecology, Water Supply Bulletin 46. U.S.G.S., 1974, A Ground-Water Investigation on the Lummi Indian Reservation, WA., U.S.G.S. - Water Resources Division - Tacoma, Open File Report U.S.G.S., 1971, An Evaluation of Ground-Water Conditions in the Vicinity of the Bel Bay Development, Lummi Indian Reservation, WA., U.S.G.S. Water Resources Division, Tacoma, Open File Report W.S.B. 12, 1960, Water Resources of the Nooksock River Basin, State of Washington, Department of Conservation, Division of Water Re- Resources, Water Supply Bulletin 12 Walters, 1971, Reconnaissance of Sea-Water Intrusion along Coastal Washington 1966-68.by Kenneth L. Walters, State of Washington, Department of Ecology, Water Supply Bulletin 32 V , I I i I I I @ A P P E N D I X A I CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA I I I I I I i I I I I I I V. L DUARTbUM Or COMAERC& WILATUn sun" 00 COOPUAT309 W= USKIMGTON EUTZ FERRIES or THR umm $TATzs no. 20 - 16 LIL7rf= 480 371 CL]MATOLMM SUMMARY WTATIOX OL", 19LSE:ICTC6 LONC.Mim 222- 48, lulamd) ILIV. mhou=q 50 feet NZANS AND XZMnM5 P03 ?&MOD 1929-129 Tempstatuxe (*F) Predpitation Totals CLacheall Mean aq- of days Means TXtremes snow, 8100t - Temporatuxes; max. Min. V 0 Ir'o ra x 0 0M.0m2ro.8 %k. (a) 30 30 3D 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43.2 3 3N- 65 1931 -8 2950 820 3-79 3-LO I 2.a 19-7 1950 7-5 19'A 10 0 3 12 0 Jaa To L6.6 V.6 65 19 1 2936 650 2.93 2.80 1999 1.2 6.@ 1937 11.5 1956 8 0 0 9 0 Fob Nor 50.8 36. 43.8 68 29@ 20 Ir5 660 2.53 2.74 19L'8 -8 18-4 1952 5-0 2951 a 0 0 6 o mor APr 57-0 IA.2 LB-6 76 1941 1 36 Leo 1-511 J11) 29L2 2 .7 1955 *5 195 1 0 0 1 0 Apr WAY U-8 IZ.9 53-4 83 '1958 31 1954 570 lazy uga igLie 0 0 0 0 1,ay. Jm 664 10-3 57-0 86 1955 37 1933 2W law 1.85 29LA 4 o o o o jam Jul 70.2 L8.9 59.6 92 291a L10 1919+ ISO .86 1.10 1954 3 - 0 0 0 Jul Aug 70" 194 60-0 89 1939 42 iqLq+ 16o .112 1#22 2956 3 0 0 0 0 Aug s-P 66-0 47-7 56-9 87 1952 57 1951+ 250 2-51 .92 2916 T T 1950 T 195.0 5 0 0 o o sap oat 58 2 43.6 50-9 76 2932 26 2935 430 3.09 2.61 1916 T T 295 T 2957+ 9 0 0 0 0 091. 19:; 38.7 "3 611 1950 10 1955 62D 72 1-83 1955 .2 5.0 1937 ;65 2937 9 0 a 4 o zow 16.2 36-31 U-3 60 1939 Ih 1952 IAD U 1-412 1956, .8. 5.5 1955 4.0. 2919 22 0-1 0 1 81 0 Leo Task: 57.3 U.7 10.61 92 19U -6 27-93 Jan 5.11 Jan 1 0 Year Jul 3.w 2935 19.7 19501 7.5 (a) Average length of record. years. + A190 On earlier dates. months, or years. T Trace. an amount too small to manure. Less than one half. 04, Base 63'7 Estimated. NARRATIVE CLIMATOLOGICAL SMOLARY Olga Is located an Oro^& Island. the largest Island of the Son Juan omtorlostood east of the mountains. 710 lowest tomporatures during group. The &an Juan I I"s are located between the northwastera the winter Usually occur whom a high pressure area develop4 over Washijacton coast east Zattuver Isla". British Columbla. and Inclu- the Pacifle Northwest Led cold air mavve out through the Fraser des 172 isla-4, ranging in area from loss than am &are to &pproxi- River Canyost into northwestern Washington aad the San J@ax lalAzda. mately 57 &SuiLre =12**. The terrain Is rather raugb and a large Cold weather assoolated with an 1zLf2uz of air Prom the Interior a portion of most of the islands Is covered with timber. The highest the cactizont seldom 264ta more than a few days. point In the San Juan Islet" Is Ut, Constitution, ol-atIon 24% feet. Instated an Orasts Island. The sunsit of I*t. Constitution is Snow occurs rather frvq%nntly at the beginning and and at U-so an excellent view point, from which many of the San Juan Islands and periods of low tomperst-ires. Snow depth seldom oxaesda a few lxxcb@ :coo of the WashlaCton and Canadian ocmatAL2 areas can be seen. The *a in the lower slovatt-A or remains an the Vcumd for mom then a ummit is easily reached by a good highway during most of the yearo few days. The prevailing direction at the wind is south ar south- sc@ of theemor:r! vast during moat of the yvar, The h1ghost torperatures In the sum- 0:vwl land an each of the larger Islands is devo ted to &grl It All transportation to and from the Islazda to nor and lowest Sit the w!.nter usually occur with north or marti;,sast by terry. plax@ or prIv*toly-osrmm4 boats. Ferries which carry boU winds. The average temperature of the wator surrounding the San paosamEere and vehicles are operated an a rogu2ar schedule during Juan Islas%da razigoe frost about L6 degrees in Februs:7 to 52 darroos the entire year by Washington State Fors,lea. from Ammaortes. Wash. In AuCusto The average afternoon temperature in idd-@Lx=kor Is inCtom, through the San JiAm Tolessda to Vancouver Island. British about 70 degrees, X&AInum temperatures In *xce@4 of 05 degrees Columbia. The follaw2ng @.slaads in the Sea Juan j;roup are served occur very Infre"atly, The &worse* da!ly mnE. of te=parature In- by the WisshinCton ftets Tt@rrlass Lopes. Oro&&, Sam Juan and Shaw. creases from about 20 degree& In the winter to 20 darreem during tze The remainder at the Isl@ida are reached by plane. boat or private. a tanner. ly-operated ferry. The se-oding waterways between the Island&. sheltered bays, Islets &=I beautiful beaches have made the Sass Juan The big% pressure are& over the Deese becomes @@sllsr and moves Islam" a vw7 popular crulaing place for private boats and vacts. eauth@rd during the fall and winter. and the low pressure arwat. tI. are"* The lereest publIc recreation are- I. Va. State Park. with Its center near the Aleutian Islands. Intensities and alga Remover, there are numerms smaller public and prIvate2y-oporated moves south@srd. A 02ockwise circulation of air around the high recreational amiss an each of the larger Islands. The operation of pressure eenter and a ocuntar-clockwise circulation around the law resorts and other fac1lIV.*s for tourists are Important sources of pressure Lrin,-* a floor Of were " 10018t air Into western Wask.4=Ctost lassoes an the Islands. and the Sao Juan Islands. Cooling and condensation occur as the air rises alone the acuth-.storn slopos of the zouctaims an Vacco.vor The climate in the Sax Juan Islands In prodar-inately a warine-type Island and the Olympia Teninsula, reau:,tizE it heavy procipitatiam with tool su@- ra, rather mild wiLters. -ol#t air Lad a small daily In theme am" aad light precipitation along the mort1wastert slopes rsage of temperature. Some at the factors wh1oh Infivonce the all- or the wountAina &a4 In the San Juan Inla;mdoo The fall ralze usual- mate in this aroa:arvs terrain, distates and direction from the ly beCin about OctcLor and continue until Y,&rch, The driest asatrAr Ocean and the position of the sead-pormazent, high and low pressure occurs In July and Auruat, A difference of several days In the centers located over the north Pacific Oc*aa* Mountains# ranging Itacth of the Grcmelzg 99LIAOn can be azimated with ch*@L*a In aleva. in olevatJon frcn:4000 to 7000 feet, an the Olympia Peninsula and tion and distaisce from the waterfront. Taxtocruvor Island protect the islands from status moving eastward over the Ocean. In am easterly direction. and at a distance of approximately 50 miles. the Cascade Vaun'-.aina rise to slovatione of 5000 to 7000 feet. with peak& in ..... a 3f 10,000 fast &ad for= a WASHINGTON STATE FERRIES PhIl1i;w major north-south toporrar-hie azA climatic barrier across the State. Colman Ferry Terminal State Cl!=stclQgIs% The CLasmsdo Mountains protact this arms. fraw the low temperatures weather lu'sam -ngton Seattle. %ashlartaft in Us ulater and the high taimporatures In the summer. which are. Sectille 4, Wash Avegage Tempos"* (7) Total Psecipitation (Inch") yeas less. rob, bw,- Apt. may June - July Aug. Sept. 001. - -Now. Dom Assel Yom Jan. Fob. M". Ape. May June. July Aug. SSPL Oct. Nov. Dec. Anal 1929 33.9 A W.4 53.4 57:1 61:6 611 5a:Q 43-0 11:1 19.4 1929 1.11 .85 2.57 .95 .68 .51 #13 051 1." 2.01 4.08 15.09 29.5 @:J' al 1 U:6 1950 50.0 52.3 57 59 1 61 57 9 43.8 42 19.1 19)o 1.42 ).95 2.70 1.75 .88 1.08 1 t 1:1'7 5.31 1.26 1.22 20.94 1931 16.0 43: @ 1A .4 55-1 56.9 60.7 59.2 56.a 5o.2 41.6 41 1931 4.13 2.58 ) 1 .?6 .92 2.92 At @17 3 4 45 1"24 2 63 26 1952 36.6 39 6 " 5 We 52.2 57.0 57.0 54.6 5S.0 50.0 16.8 :82 M5 1932 3.73 4.93 t6a 2.06 -34 .62 3-30 .75 :91 : 2 so N? 7:71 3 51 )6 1 6 g.6 43.0 1k.? 50.4 564 57.1 60.6 53.8 50.8 16.2 to 49.1 19 5.51 1.85 2.75 9)6 2.06 1.15 1.30 .60 2. 02 ) 43 845 34. 0 199 @ F3:4 .0 1A 0 U.1a 510 57.8 59.5 60.9 $6.4 2.4 Ljo.4 41 6 51 Ig 5.92 1.35 2.96 1.07 078 .07 .58 .95 I.Lo 1-77 L- 30 5-65 2b.78 &9 36 .8 52.6 57:0 56-6 59.6 57.0 @.4 L62.3 lj@:2 19:1 1935 13A 1.01 3.75 .47 .29 .45 1.14 .61 1.35 2.52 2.21 1.61 2d.1!5 2956 M6 5111 4111 19.2 54.0 58 3 59.5 60.2 55.2 52. 43.0 41.7 19-0 1936 5.65 3.46 2.29 1.19 2.0 1.74 .80 .31 2.04 .96 1.37 6.L2 1937 991 @:: 1" 47:5 5%.4 58-3 59-0 59-6 57.2 N LA.0 42.) 19-L 1937 1-52 3-65 1-90 2-20 1.16 3-96 f 1.56 .90 2.47 4.05 6.08 29.L6 i9A loo 2 54.1 58.2 61.4 58.6 5a-6 51.9 43-2 41-8 50-4 1936 9.95 1.47 M 1 2.20 .94 .01 .42 .19 1.32 2 03 2.92 &15 Mid ig)q .4 .4 "2 .6 54.3 55.4 60-0 61.8 57.6 5o.8 '-.a 46.6 5o.a 1.07 1.07 1.17 2.26 1 34 .26 L- 36 4-51 26-t2 4-2.0 52.0 X 1.45 2.e LLD t95 2t.04 L2 36 1M 5:28 143 3 19 19LO 0.0 L4.6 47.6 51.a 56.1 59.3 60.7 61.4 59.2 53-0 113.5 19 R 20 -19 M? 1.06 1.81 .10 :V7 0 1941 "6 45 6 54A 58.9 63-7 LI.O Y-5 52.2 14.6 14.2 52.2 1941 P- 75 1.68 1.12 1.97 2.20 1.20 .37 1.52 2.94 L)7 54 27 12Z-93 1'@ a 10.4 42:1 E: 02 110P-A 53.4 56.7 61.9 U-4 56.5 51-8 " 8 41-6 3 1942 1.23 1.63 147 2.08 1*53 ).LjO WA .22 .32 1.61 "il "M 2-92 I!d R.5 0.2 42.4 10-8 51-5 56-2 58-0 59:40 58-5 51.14 16.8 41.0 C1.2 1943 I.L5 2-60 1-92 2.56 0" :96 a P 1.77 - !0 3-03 1.21 1.83 19-5 1 .6 1,11.2 U.? L8.8 52.6 56.6 59.9 59 57.4 53.8 lb 0 40 1944 2.N 2.04 1.70 2.16 -93 56 " 1.03 1-56 1.94 2.7a 1. 20.08 1916 L2.1 L2-4 43-1 )A-4 54.2 56.0 59.2 60-1 51"1 1 1:6 11, @'G` 1946 W.9 J.:24 1945 4.47 2.67 g.oa a.55 1.1@ 452 026 .67 3.56 6.L2 5.11 3. 32-92 W .7 43.6 47.3 51-8 56.8 60.4 59:91 51:4 0 40 U:o 191A 4.16 2.9) 3.71 I.Ba .76 3.27 .74 .24 .60 3.50 1.68 3.04 26-71 Poij @5.8 4'U16 LOW iV.0 >0 ) 60.4 59 0 ..d 421 9 50.0 1947 5.12 2.84 2.58 2.38 1.12 1.50 -51 M 1.22 5.15 3-77 5-09 52-15 ,)#,A 39.2 57.11 L.2-6 "4 5"2 -* 00 58:4 SS.8 58.6 56 o 10.6 42.6 36.1 1A.2 IqLa 2-96 5-28 2-50 1-69 4-20 2- 61 1-09 2-71 1-53 2.50 5.18 5-22 37-47 19LEO S1.6 0 L4.6 JA.5 @-l 56-5 57.4 58-a 57:6 W-7 45-8 38.5 16.4 19W .62 4.66 2.15 1.22 .99 1.25 1.32 .61 1-76 245 5.20 7-33 2$.,q ly5o "4 &.2 L2.1 "? .9 57.8 58-7 59-5 56.0 46-9 t 1 41-8 47.6 1950 P@86 t34 3.82 1 6 1.05 .41 1-15 1-77 -63 too 1.23 L.24 3o. ca 1951 57.6 40.2 39.5 10.0 52-8 58-4 59-9 59-1 56-5 50.0 4 -6 48.7 1951 5.86 79 3.18 27 1.79 .24 .17 -53 1-75 93 2.41 3.29 29.41 .3 41.2 " 3 U.7 52.4 53-9 58.6 59.0 57.8 52-7 43.4 to 19.1 1952 2 6 2-06 3.40 1-63 1.86 1-16 -65 -37 .6B 1-76 .6d 2.75 19.90 3 U-7 14.5 U-1 47-4 53.3 55-1 59-1 60.7 56-7 51-7 47.1 42.6 50.5 195 a 2.96 1.19 2.L6 1-06 1-73 -99 -71 1 83 2. W 1"92 6.W 35.52 W5L 35-9 U-2 41-5 IA-1 52.91 54. 57.0 57.3 56.5 50.1 L16.1 41.8 46.6 29R 5. 37 .83 1.93 1.33 1.10 I.L9 2.17 2: A 2.22 6.L19 2.36 3a.73 I-j5t) N.8 iL4 W-9 55-5 51-2 '57.9 55:33 10-3 37.6 46*6 1955 2. U 2.48 I.e? 1.82 2. LO 2.34 .34 i.og " 5.99 5.32 34.58 L48.6 5 M 45.5 1956 3 1 1.83 2.09 .20 *31 2.91 .30 1.62 2.99 5A 1 2.19 6.57 30.76 ly'A 39.1 3"610 @:Ol 10.6 54.6 55.1 59.9 59.0 55 11 1957 @:9 a.? 43.4 LA-5 51"? 56.8 5a.1 59.4 60.1 50.8 .6 10.0 1957 1 2-73 3.76 1.83 .63 1.19 1.35 .61 .47 2.02 1.95 4.22 23.02 1956 3 .3 16.3 16.2 56.5 61.0 "2 61.8 58.1 51-5 42.1 43-3 52.0 1958 3-27 2-88 1-05 1-07 1.15 1.26 .00 .48 1.76 6.74 347 20-47 1118TORY FRDUBILITT Or Re Alto 2P OCCURRING AS LAYS IN In SPRING rho cooperative weather observing station located an Gireas Wend has remained In the sums Is"- ON AS URLY -IN M FALL A3 TIM UU3 LISTO IN T= FOLLOWING UBM tion sta" it was first established at the residsm" of Richard C. Willis In Jamary 1591. the PkOBLDILITY - SPRING MONTRI FROBABIUTY - FALL MONTHS :tattoa I& located approzimately two miles eauthseat of Olga, sz4 Is an the east slope of a small I11. alitutly less than j P419 fross the beach. This station has the distinction of being on* at the very few olisatologloal statioca which has remained In the aswus location and where records 119 509 Mc t.we L"a kept by members at the &*&A family &in** before the turn of th. ooatury. The weather .L:ar tional dutl been paaa*d &long from father to son $too* th. station we& established. 32a Nor. 6 War. 21 Apr. I Apr. Is Oct. 19 Now. 5 Nov. 12 Nov. 25 Th re'llowlag Samb:8r.tt"tho Willis family have bass the official observers& go* Joe. 10 Fob. 9 Fob. 23 Mar. 13 Now. 10 Now. 24 1D... 6 Dec. )o li:hard a Willis January 1691 - December 1907 In the above %4bl*. the 50 porseat Ipoint is the oL" se the amerago ter each frosse eattlary. C* 11 a. ;,Ilia January 1906 - iay 1927 Culver Willis Juno 1927 to date From a statistical vles"Ist based on past date, the probabilities could be considered as tallaw* tire, Lauj&o Willis "stated iber husband Cecil S. Willis with the observations during she period when anavorted Into the number at ocourreasse to a2post; to a IA-year porledi h. the extisial obaerior "d has continued to &&slat bar son, Culver Willis. In keeping the 75% - 30 years to 40 )4 - 12 years in 40 records. 5C% - 20 years is 40 10% - 4 years in 40 U. S DEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE WEATHER BUREA IN COOPERATION WITH BELLINGRAM CHAMBER OF LATITUDE 48* 47' CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO 20 BELLINGTON, CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY LONGITUDE 122* 29' ELEV. (GROUND) 120' MEANS AND EXTREMES FOR PERIOD 1928 - 195 Temperature ('F) Precipitation Totals (Inchon) Mean number of days Means Extremes snow, Sleet Temperature Daily daily Monthly Record highest year Record Lowest year mean degree days mean Greastest daily Year Mean Max. Min. maximum minimum Maximum monthly year greatest daily year 90* and 32* and 32* and 0* and above below below below month (precip. 10 inch or more (a) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 JAN 43.1 28.9 36.0 64 1955 -4 1937+ 900 3.98 2.95 1935 2.5 11.0 1937 7.5 1929 11 0 4 18 * JAN FEB 47.5 30.7 39.1 66 1943+ -3 1950 730 3.15 2.02 1951 2.3 15.2 1936 6.0 1936 9 0 1 16 * FEB MAR 52.2 33.9 43.1 72 1928 10 1955 680 3.21 1.59 1930 1.3 27.0 1951 9.0 1951 10 0 0 13 0 MAR APR 58.6 37.0 47.8 82 1934 19 1951 520 2.16 1.28 1944 T T 1948 % 1948 7 0 0 8 0 APR MAY 64.9 41.1 53.0 85 1956 22 1954 370 1.72 2.26 1952 5 0 0 2 0 MAY JUN 68.8 46.1 57.5 92 1955 29 1933 230 1.96 2.52 1946 5 0 0 * 0 JUN JUL 73.3 47.7 60.5 94 1951+ 34 1949+ 140 1.00 1.50 1932 3 0 0 0 0 JUL AUG 73.7 47.0 60.4 91 1935+ 34 1945+ 140 1.00 1.77 1950 3 0 0 0 0 AUG SEP 69.5 43.5 56.5 90 1951 27 1934 260 1.88 1.50 1930 5 0 0 1 0 SEP OCT 60.8 39.0 50.0 83 1936 22 1910 470 3.63 1.96 1945 T T 1949 T 1949 9 0 0 6 0 OCT NOV 51.6 34.5 43.1 71 1949 3 1955 660 4.18 1.81 1932 .7 7.0 1937 4.0 1955+ 11 0 * 11 0 NOV DEC 46.6 32.4 39.5 67 1944 5 1932 800 4.76 1.85 1949 1.6 7.5 1948 5.0 1949+ 13 0 1 14 0 DEC JUL JAN JAN MAR MAR YEAR 59.2 38.5 48.9 94 1951+ -4 1937+ 5900 32.63 2.95 1935 8.6 27.0 1951 9.0 1951 91 * 6 89 * YEAR (a)Average length of record, years, + Also on earlier dates, months, or years. T Trace, an amount too small to measure. * Less than one half ** Base 65*F # Estimated. NARRATIVE CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY Bellingham. the County Seat of Whatcon County. is located The lowest temperatures In the winter and highest In the summer are along the shore of Bellingham Bay. To the west, across the usually associated with easterly or northeasterly winds. The lowest Strait of Georgia, is Vancouver Island, with the San Juan humidity is observed when easterly winds are blowing down the wes- roup between and extending southward to the confluance of tern slope of the Cascades. he Straits of Georgia and Juan do Fuca. The Strait of Georgia offers a sea level outlet to the Pacific ocean in a The prevailing southwesterly circulation of worse moist air from northwesterly direction, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca in over the Pacific Ocean keeps the average winter daytime temperature a westerly direction. In the 40's and the nighttime temperature In the upper 20's or lower 30's, There Is a gradual shift or the winds to a westerly and nor- Some of the factors which play an important role In the cli- therly direction during the summer. Coal air from over the Pacific mate of Bellingham are its distance from the Pacific Ocean Ocean In the summer keeps the average afternoon temperature in the and Other large bodies of water. coastal ranges of mountains mid-70's Led the nighttime temperature In the mid 40's. an the Olympia Peninsula and Vancouver Island. the Cascade rrange of mountains which rise to elevations of 5000 to 8000 The highest wind velocities are usually from a southwesterly direc- feet within 75 miles east of the city. the southerly migra- tion during the winter. Although occasionally strong northerly winds tion Of storms moving out of the Gulf of Alaska during the occur with the passage of a storm. Wind velocities are usually such winter and their return to a more northerly path in the lower in the summer than In the winter months. summer. There is a pronounced, though not sharply defined, rainy season and The coastal mountains an Vancouver Island and the Olympia considerable cloudiness during the winter. About three-fourths of Peninsula protect the city from the main fares of storms the annual rainfall is received from October through April. Decem- moving eastward from over the Pacific Ocean. Brooks in the ber is the wettest month and July and August are the driest months. coastal mountains and the Straits of Georgia and Juan do The precipitation pattern In the agricultural area north and south Fuca permit a large amount of moist air from over the Ocean of Bellingham is similar. Snowfall is rather light and on the to reach the area. This marina air is usually warmer in average does not remain on the ground for long periods or time. the winter and cooler, In the summer than air over the inter- Precipitation and snowfall Increase rapidly in am easterly direction. ior of the continent at this latitude. The climate of Same of the heaviest snowfall and greatest snow depths in the United Bellingham can be classified as a marine-type in most re- States have been recorded In the Mt. Baker area, approximately 10 spects. The air is rather moist throughout most of the year miles east of the city. and the daily range in temperature is small, Maximum tem- peratures of 90 degrees or above are unusual and are of short duration in the summer. The Cascade Mountains shield the area from cold air in the interior during the winter, and the warm air to the summer. Earl L. Phillips However, Occasionally cold air from the interior of Canada. State Climatologist will wave through the Fraser River Canyon and spread U.S. Weather Bureau bringing low temperatures to the Bellingham area. Seattle, Washington Reprinted by the Washington State Department of Commerce & Economic Development R60 - 12 Tow Psedpitsum a*cbftj Avesage Tomp-afaftue J'F) Teat ]a&. FO& b1AL Apo. May hme full AA9. 34pt Out. Nov. Doo. Aaal Y"S Jan. Feb. mar. Ape. May June July AtAg. Sept. 0 cL Now. Dor- A"'I RIM 3.17 .26 1.92 A4 .60 1.18 5-50 2-56 47 27.22 1925 39.0 LA.G 16.0 Wed 55-6 57.8 62.6 59.2 54.0 14-7 U-9 30-6 49.4 1929 1.@ 1.77 1.32 1.90 .40 .11 -54 1-21 2.17 2.34 32.*94 19-94 1929 30.2 33.7 U"2 "a 51.5 57.2 60.0 14-3 55.a 51-2 W.6 30.2 L1.4 1990 2.14 Sal %M 2.01 2 1. -06 .01 2.81 9.35 2-1A 1.14 29.o@ 19)0 a:6 1.1.0 16.2 @: 60 51@0 56.3 59.0 60.6 56.1s LA.6 Us& 39.6 LA.S 1951 14 *on 5.14 Id" 1:2 1"5791 @77 1:05 5.07 1.53 5.20 4:95 4:LA 1951 1 14-8 L6.4 51"6 58.2 60.6 99.6 55.8 10.9 Y).4 0.3 .).t k9 32 t1l S.72 7.2* 2ja .60 RIOS La 54 .96 5.90 9.51 5 is 61 1932 35.2 3d.1 lot. I L7.6 51.6 54.0 57.2 59-5 56-3 5Z-3 U.4 Y5.5 Ll.i 12 5.10 11.0 U 1.17 R.u 1.50 WA 1.00 5.16 6-a7 )-50 1" 44-02 193) )?.a 34.6 43.6 L6.a 50.2 55.4 54.0 62.2 54.0 49.6 L4.6 U.6 Lia 11) 5.1j lost 97 087 1.9a .29 1.14 49 2.0t 1.91 5.66 5.57 32o67 1954 1.2.2 1j.2 1A.0 52.1 53.2 57.3 59.4 W.5 55.3 51.2 147.7 LO. L 5Q.? k9n U.71 1.41 3.93 1.24 on i.Q ias .97 ma j%26 2.08 2.03 32.54 1935 g.4 L2A 14.7 16.2 51.2 57-4 60-1 60.4 57.) L7.4 W.to I-'.& U.5 1956 SA4 1.54 3." %25 3.12 5. IS 1.67 .55 2.61 077 1.35 6.0 Y?.U 1934 .0 294 41.2 L9.0 55.2 59.7 60.6 60.6 5!-6 51.3 41.4 L,0.6 !.is? 1937 1.5a 4.96 LSO 3.U 146 4.67 .02 1.91 1.05 2.?2 7.41 5.29 36.95 1937 2J-9 37-1 IA-5 1A.8 52.1 5a.2 60.6 ".6 56.6 52.5 L-4 W.2 IA. j 1958 0.41 " 0.52 3.76 1.24 sQ4 1.04 .29 1.15 3.52 ).T? 7.99 29.19 1936 3a.4 39.7 42.6 W -6 51-4 5a-L 60-8 9-1 543 50.7 40.2 38.3 !4.9 1939 SIM 3-64 1.94 1#99 1*54 2. ja 1.51 *40 o28 L.)l 5*16 5#94 35-26 1939 41.6 36.2 42.6 0.6 52.6 55.7 W.5 61.3 55.2 L9.4 14.6 1-1.2 16. 19W W 3 5 m 5.15 1.11 2.11 .26 .69 .91 1.06 72 2.50 20 25.97 1940 14.2 43.0 LAIR 540-5 51-a 59.4 60.4 61.0 55.4 52.2 39A U.6 50.7 o .96 .54 1.69 ).75 t r,U W LIG I.M 1 82 3.67 3:00 4.36 55 32-17 1941 U.2 1.2-6 10-7 @.2 53.1 5?-a 63.6 60-2 53.! 50-6 L5.4 W-0 5,:.1 19t.2 W4 I 1:2 a.LS LU 9.12 W6 U55 .20 .)6 1 S:J7 %56 5-55 29.50 191.2 37.o 40.2 IJ-2 .6 53.0 57.0 62.5 63.2 55.8 52.3 1.2.0 LO. 5 L9.7 1 1-56 1.22 1.69 1 10.6 " 3 57.2 " 0 I.LS 2.51 2slal - 1.01 3.9a 26.22 1943 pa L2.3 4o.? 1a.8 4;.8 55.6 99.7 99.6 57.7 1.43 I-M 2.1h 1.26 1.64 .01 49 1.54 2.26 4.47 2.10 21.47 ig 44 Woo W-4 L2.o 1A.2 52.0 57.7 62.3 60oS 54.2 51.6 U-6 36.6 W-5 2.99 ma 2JA 2.06 .52 IA 1.00 6-97 5.56 3-60 36.W 1945 14.4 41.9 1.2.8 Uoo 0 51.9 56.3 61.2 6.1.0 5L.2 W.9 W.9 3a.L Us$ i9-j tam 2." 3.82 2-n am s-as u A5 1.45 3.04 2.2$ 3.60 29.4a 191A 0.6 1.2. 0 43.9 1J. 3 5L.7 57.7 60.8 60.a 56. a 1.7.2 Do) 57.5 W. I 19L? 5 " 2.36 3.65 S-26 1.05 9.55 ag .1A 1.52 5.94 4.35 1.96 35.t5 1947 33.9 42.1 U4. 5 2 55.2 55.4 61.2 59.a 57-0 50-5 U.4 LA.4 ta.4 1948 @.Iq " Is" 1414 613 2.24 1-1-4 3-55 2.27 2.66 4-78 3.18 %.98 1948 M10 P-6 414 @21 3 52.2 60.6 60.1 1Z.2 554 L7.6 "1 0 33.5 U.1 1916 .54 3.92 2.53 1.56 sJA IJ6 1.43 .10 2.06 3.51 4.97 7.57 34.54 19LO 20.7 34.7 Ooti 47.6 53.6 56.4 99.3 59-a 57.4 LAIR LA.1 36-5 0.7 1954 3614 SJA 5.12 3.95 1.77 .33 1.05 S.68 .74 4.80 4.66 5.26 39.10 mo 2o.9 39.5 42.4 IA.) 5o.5 58.9 61.4 60.7 54. 1 L8.5 L2.2 U-4 47.7 1"1 5.00 5.77 3opq Is 2.1A In .06 .39 1.47 4. LO 2.7a 3.U, 30.9) 1951 36.5 @:2 gol 47.0 53.2 58.6 61.4 59.4 56.7 ISO 42.6 9w3 0.9 M2 1.97 2.24 Z" 22 2.75 1.99 .57 .32 .8d 1.65 1.0@ 2.W 21.1) 1952 34.a I I? W .2 53.2 55-5 60.) 61.2 53.3 51.7 40.7 U.4 1A.9 19 1.99 2.73 0.99 2.12 I.LS L02 .81 .89 2.04 4.56 6.54 6.62 W.40 1953 W-9 40.9 43-5 48.4 54.9 56.1 61.9 62.6 57.5 51.7 4J. 1 L.2.4 51.0 lq@ S-a4 S-77 WA 2.37 1.17 1.98 WS 2.32 1.20 1*51 8*05 3.1a 33.57 1954 33.2 42.1 LA.4 45.1 52.3 55.3 58.3 59-9 57.3 LO .4 Ld.7 41-4 LA.6 IM #.A? ja2 2.13 LhO 2.71 1.94 1.?? -17 145 4-52 1 37.5 @:jl U4.2 1.1 1*1 "@6 5:9167 :64 1955 34-8 61 1 11:04 La.? )6.9 36.2 L6.7 4-TS III tR2 JA al, 4.55 .14 '1 32 :4 " 1956 a 1.36 3.32 s.69 2 62 25 1956 37-9 35.2 1A.3 5j. 56.5 62.4 43 a 4t:3 .4 0.6 IM 1.11 )m 1-59 .72 1.65 1-97 .69 .92 2-55 1.91 3.53 MISS 195? 26.6 36.a 43.8 14.9 56.5 59.7 99.9 60.2 60.3 ION 1-1 1 e3. 0 W.2 IVA LOO 4.W WS 2-52 109 M :00 1:29 Is 6.52 7:27 4.M 35.00 195A 43.1 47-0 43-a LA.? 5d.5 64-4 67.5 63-9 53-1 50.7 4L.? u.s 52.4' 10 5.87 3.4 2.07 6W 1 2.321 1.37 51 33 4.9216 JJO 5 07 4-53 38-83 1959 38.7 J9.4 43.7 IA-41 53.6 60.1 63.5 60.2 56.4 1#.4 41.2 )).4 W.6 -CAA nOWIL11V OF Pa. sea AmD 94,1 ocoAmm m tAts iw tut 3nim ITATION IUSTORY AAA OR Aj LMI is ra f" AS tK1 "ISS U320 IV rux TOLLMOG UJUS KoatbAr rooord& b^wv bass kept at several locatiam in the eolusgma area. The fire% reeargs were kept it the rart belliaLhami fast Noopital tram Jw@ 1457 to J"y 185). Very little Later- "01"Tuff - SIUM PRM"IUTI I ULL mAt1QQ to available reWd-ing the axast iseatioa at sam, at tka early stations, Moathar resorits have been kept by the talloving observers& Lewis Mayhem. Ju- 1695-Uhr 19031 Ua(ar4 blayh&s. IC$ 21 30% MCK June 1905-Doosiber 19131 bojiln&hast Herald. js.auLry i9z,;.i93aj weather suro&4 1930-19411 Civil )r Nq 6 Wq 16 Any 24 Jim U Sep 1-4 see 2) Oct I a" 19 Aoromautlas Adelaistratias 1941-d-ta- CILmAtalogtoal data m4od La this a%ww&ry was reear4ed at the press&% Weather luream elLxAtol9&1C&I W 40' 5 Apr 13 Apr tj May 4 oat a Gat 14 On 22 low 5 tattam w@a4b me satabitshad at the UoSo bureau of ?last ImusLries &tattoo la4at*d two 841*4 sgtzh at thi belignChae, ft4t ortlas as S*pL&sber 9. 1910o A sentLawo-6 olLmatologtost reser4 has 244 We, I Mar 14 War 26 Aer 6 oat 23 m#V 5 Sov 13 Nov 24 boas m^iAt&io*4 at this lo"tioa etas* the station "a established. ths-aq.1pia.2t wv.8 t6loaak.A 100 test northo.@% of the aei&iA*l Installation as W"41% 1, 191J. The st4tion ..@ operated @y the I& the 84010 table. the Y$ pe&&% is tb* same as U& average tar omelk trees* sategaryo U.s. bureau at ?I"% ja4u4trlss from 1910-19171 0.3. 3all Coa-arystism Sorvio# tree 1417-IW, arA If a OL611s..1641 W1wwp*iS% based *a p"t data. the probabilities mAld be ooast4ored as follows by the Washingtoa 3tats DeparLaout of A&rtoulturv from 1954 to &&too the weather os#4srvSt1o;:& as werv either mAde by or *are ua4or the a4pervAsism, of Ur. Boll. Jm@&m tram Uptoubor 1910 to ones evevorto4 &at& %be miumb- at 040@rres- to as"O La a 10-ys4t porie4i february 19241 Mrs SoLs Poter4. Marsh 1924 to Gatober IYAO Are $,As L%usaft. movamboor 1952 to k fobnsry 1954& Mr. Vote Owsom".rdo. X"o 1954 to A%6u&t 19%. "A Ur O.C. malland, Soptowb.9 19% 30 fee re In La X$ - It fears *a 4a to "too vs 30 rean La 40 lCO9 . 4 Ivaco in 14 Utalsma te"ratuso4 reworded at We le"Uon, an sligktky lame tMa theew rvoocd&d to Us town bustasis 414triot. V I I I i I I I A P P E N D I X B I PAGES 48-49 OF SAN JUAN REPORT PAGES 59-69 OF SAN JUAN REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I I I 9. Along the west coast of Blakely Island from Bald impermeable sediments (clays and till), however, it is often Bluff north. Interglacial sediments (silts and clays) are necessary to drill a considerable distance below the water overlain by Vashon Till. table to get an adequate supply. Below-sea-level wells seem 10. Prominent cliffs on the southeast side of Decatur to be the general rule in the roughly triangular area Island (Figs. 10 and 11). This is one of the most spectacular bounded by the north side of Lopez Hill, Hummel Lake, outcrops of surficial sediments in all of the San Juans. The and Spencer Spit (see the right side of cross-section B-B' Vashon Till is exposed at the top of the cliff (approxi- Plate 2), In summary, then, you should be prepared to drill mately 15 feet thick) beneath which is about 150 feet of to sea level unless you hit impermeable sediments, in which bedded sediments, including advance outwash sediments case you will probably have to drill deeper. (sands and gravels) and interglacial sediments (silty clays). What about salt water intrusion? Fresh water occurs as An older till may underlie the interglacial sediments. An a lens-shaped layer which floats on top of salt water unusual feature of this exposure is the folding that has because it is less dense. If you drill deep enough on the occurred in the bedded sediments; some beds are even islands you will eventually hit salt water. The goal of the overturned. It is likely that this deformation was caused by driller is to intersect the layer of fresh water--without the glacier which deposited the Vashon Till, pushing on the drilling through it. The fresh water lens is thinnest at tile weakly consolidated sediments below it. coastline, therefore the greatest danger of salt water intrusion is in coastal wells that go below sea level. Water-bearing Characteristics of Surficial Sediments The surficial sediments on Lopez and Decatur Islands are probably the largest easily-tapped groundwater reservoir in San Juan County. There is relatively little water in glacial till or fine grained interglacial sediments, but the advance outwash sediments are normally coarse enough to have good porosity and Permeability. Generally speaking, the coarser the sediment the better, as far as its potential as a Once fresh water is found, not much can happen to the source of groundwater. supply unless water is withdrawn at a rapid rate for an Obtaining groundwater from surficial sediments in- extended period of time, which could lower tile water volves drilling into porous sands and gravels that occur table. If the water table is lowered too far too fast it is below the water table. It would be nice to have some sort possible for salt water to intrude, either from below or of x-ray vision in order to look downward and see how from the side, and occupy the empty pore space. The deep you would have to drill in order to reach this sand and easiest way of making sure that you never pump salt water gravel. Although this talent (water-dowsing) is claimed by is to see that your pump intake is never below sea level. If some. the majority find it more satisfactory to rely. on the water table is lowered sufficiently your pump may geologic evidence. break suction, but at least it will never pump salt water. Geologic data come largely frorti well logs furnished by Once salt water intrudes into an aquifer it may take a Ion-, drillers. It is not easy to identify the ground up mess time (years), to remove it. brought up at the end of a drill bit, and it takes some There are a number of small perched water tables judgement to interpret the drillers' nomenclature. None- within the surficial sediments. These generally occur on top theless, Plate 2 is an attempt to draw geologic crosssections of impermeable layers such as till or silty clay. Where till is through Lopez showing bedrock, impermeable sediments, exposed at or near the Surface the ground is commonly and sand and gravel. Most of the sand and gravel is probably swampy or marshy due to accumulated rainwater that advance outwash: it is not possible to say in every case moves downward very slowly through the till. Similar whether impermeable sediments are interglacial sedi- perched water tables exist beneath the land surface. and ments or till. well drillers must be careful not to confuse a perched water Below the water table the sands and gravels should be table for the regional water body, or the supply of water water-bearing. Little water is likely to be obtained from could be very limited. Sometimes coastal cliffs of surficial Impermeable sediments even below the water table. sediments appear to be wet in certain zones (Fig. 7). This The location of the cross sections is shown on the geologic map (Plate 1). A-A' and B-B' both trend South- west-northeast, while C-C" trends northwest-southeaSt. How deep should one be prepared to drill in surficial sediments? Perhaps the must instructive point of Plate 2 is that many wells drilled in sand and gravel terminate within a few tens of feet above or below sea level. Wells in impermeable sediments often end a hundred feet or more below sea level. This suggests that the regional water table is very near sea level, and when drilling in sands and gravels, that is where you encounter water. When drilling in 48 bleeding'" usual]\, occurs when a perched water table is across, whereas others are ahnost microscopic. Some blocks intersected by tile cliff. show only minor internal folding and fal.116111-1. while others Recharee to the groundwater body comes from rain are intensely sheared throughout. Thus this melange, like water failing on the land surface which seeps downward almost all others, shows a baffling array of faults ar@d shear throu0i soil. sediment, and rock rnaterial until it reaches zones, very few folds, and rock types that crop out in the zone of saturation. The top of this zone is the water practically random order. In other types of more mod- table. It mav take hundreds of yea;s for water to reach the erateiv deformed terrain, even thou-ii rocks mav be broken water table. by Faults. it is possible to explain wh%, different rock types There are no underground streams, rivers, springs, occur where they do, and sometimes it' is possible to predict lakes. or ponds. And. contrary to popular view, ground- which rock will occur over the hill or oil the ney, :,iind. water in the Sail Juans does not come from Mt. Baker. Because these islands are so intensely deformed. this cannot Assuming that there was some way of transporting Mt. be done. Baker water. it is interesting to speculate on the conse- Geolcgists feel obliged to classify and define. nis qLlenCe of discharging at sea level a pipe or tube filled with seems to help explain things. even though we often %xilter Wifli a ten thousand-foot hydraulic ]lead! oversimplify by doing so. The diverse types of bedrock occurring in the southeastern Sail Juan islands have been grouped into five general categories: greenstones. nysch-type sedimentary rocks. volcanic rocks, plant-beiring sandstones and conglomerates. and serpentinite. Within categories there are some exceptions. most particularly 4@ _4@ Mt. Baker among sedimentary rocks. Nevertheless. these rock types 4-> 4l N are the basis for mapping the bedrock in the southeastern Sail Juans (Plate 1): continuity and stratigraphic order have well with 10)000' hydraulic head ... been severely modified. An added virtue of mapping rock types is the extra information it gives the planner an@ land user. In theory, at least, ail rock types should be reasonably consistent in their properties. This is not necessarily true of There is. Of Course, a certain amount of risk in drilling formations. water wells. A distraught person recently phoned to say Joe Vance has mapped the remainder ot the archi- that the driller was down 250 feet in "blue clay" in an area pelago in a more conventional manner. He takes the Of surficial sediments that was supposed to have good water approach that rock types are stratigraphic. although he potential. What is the blue clay-Till? Clay beneath advance recognizes that they have been severely modified by oulwash' Water should have been encountered at about faulting. Thus, fie has mapped formations instead of 100' below land surface, but wasn't. What to do? Relocate lithologies. The difference in the two approaches is in part and try again" Keep going in the same hole? Pull back the one of philosophy, but it may also be due to different casing and try for water above the clay? These questions are conditions within the respective map areas. There simply difficult ones. and require the advice of an experienced has not been sufficient time to explore the two area's groundwater geologist. thoroughly and straighten out differences One aspect is One bit of advice is offered: when developing a piece certain: the stage is now set for further examination and of property which will ultimately need water, you should analysis of all the islands. There are still many questions to make the well or water supply the first major investment. be resolved. not the last. Too often the house is built first and the water It would be an enormous help if we had more _@zysi -m comes later. Should there then be a problem getting knowledge of the age of the rocks in the southeastern San adequate water, the problem will be much worse if Juans. Some dates were obtained from tiny zircon crystals structures are already buflt. by the fission track method, but fossils, the most common BEDROCK GEOLOGY means of dating, are very scarce. Up to now the rocks have been most stubborn in their refusal to yield anything but It is surprising that more geologists haven't been squashed and smeared branches, stems. and twigs. Sooner attracted to working on the bedrock geology of the San or later some good identifiable marine mollusk fossils or Juaris considering tile great variety of rock types and microfossils will turn up to provide a basis for dating the structures that are present, not to mention the almost rocks. unbelievably pleasant and beautiful surroundings. Com- Some rpaders will be interested in knowing how the pared to many other regions our geologic knowledge of the present mapping compares with that of Roy McClellan. bedrock is not very extensive-but geologic interest in tile who completed the first county-wide geologic map and area is growing rapidly. report in 1927. McClellan's Leech River Group includes As eNplained earlier, tile bedrock of the southeastern both the flysch-type sedimentary rocks and the plant- Sail Juans is a complicated jumble of blocks of rocks bearing sandstones and conglomerates. His Eagle Cliff Juxtaposed against one another by faulting and shearing. Porphyrites are pillow lavas, and in some areas of Lopez Some blocls are very large, perhaps up ,, a mile or more 49 Isla nd,greenstones. Fie mapped Blakely and Fr(-)Nt Islands as t I'- I t t i t I I A P P E N D I X C I CHEMICAL DATA I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I BENNETT CHEMICAL LABORATORIES, iNC. ANALYTICAL CHCMIST8 & ASSAYeRs 901 SOUTH 9th STREET TACOMA, WASHINGTON 98405 (206) 272-4507 or 272-7969 REPORT OF ANALYSIS May 5, 1978 Our analysis of ihe sample of Water ro Robinson & Noble Sample received 4/17/78 m Mo,lecl; Well #77B > > PA P4 04 P4 @4 0 a 0 0 0 nts Analyzed @4 @4 ;-4 ;_, ;-4 4-) Conte 0 0 10 10 ;0 10 Sample Test Results x Arsenic x x 0.01 mg/liter = Barium x x 0.10 ma/liter y Cadmium 0 001; mahitp x x r x Chromium x x n-ni mahltpr -Y iron x x x y 0 lf@ yn@'/Iitpr � Manganese x x X. 0.007 ma/liter � Mercury x x x 0.001 MR/liter Silver, x x 0.01 MR lit r * -7 Selenium x x 0.01 MR liter * Lead x x 0.01 ma/liter * Color x -x x 5 Units Fluoride x X. x Ix 0.175 m4z @Jter Nizraze x X, x x 0.26 mg/liter Total Hardness as X' x x rx- Calcium Carbonate 42.@ mg/liter S-oecific Conductance x 10@ micromhos Tc-m x Turbidi ty X, x x ---- 1 F.T.U. pH IX x x Trace Bicarbonate Alkalinity as x x Calcium Carbonate 48 mZZliter x Carbonate Alkalinity as. x x Calcium Carbonate I I 7x Tree carbon Dioxide x 9.2 mg/liter x Calcium x 25.5 mg./liter V IM-agne s i um r-@ x 6.04 mg/liter y Sodium x C.Uoride x x x Sulfate x x x 8. 5- @g/liter x n S lihate x 0-009 mg/liter Silica@ X 5 r*oza! nisso.@yed Solids - x- Totaj- Residue x 86.8 mg/liter Less 'than. r X x Robinson & Noble To 10318 Gravelly Lake Dr. SW BENN7ETTSEIMICAL LABORATORY, Inc. Tacoma, wA 98499 By tl BENNETT CHEMICAL LABO4@%'ATORIES, iNC. ANALYTICAL CHCMISTO & Asa^Ycns 901 SOUTH 9th STREET TACOMA, WASHINGTON 98405 (206) 272-4507 or 272-7969 REPORT OF ANALYSIS May 5, 1978 Our analysis of the sample of Water From Robinson & Noble Sample received 4/17/78 Marked. Wel 1 #2 > U) P. In4 P4 0 0 0 0 0 Contents Analyzed 10 0 ic 10 0 '0 Sample Test Results x Arsenic ix x - 0.01 mg/liter * -x zarium ix x 0-1-0 mg/litpr * x -Cadmium x x n ()()rl x Chromium x x I i x Iron x x x X -n 16 rnq/lii-pr x ,An-ranese x x x 0 - Q.Qo6-;@Zliter x !'Ierc- y x x x 0.001 mg/liter x Silver x x O@01- mLy liter Selenium x x Ix Lead x x 0.009 mg/liter [email protected] Color x x x 1.5 Units @y Fluoride x te x x x - 0.21 mg/lite !x 'N@ Zrate x -X x x 1.75 mg/liter Total Hardness as x x x Ix Calci= Carbonate 101-05 mg/liter Y. Sr'ecific Conductance x 270 micromhos/cm x Turbidity X, x x 1.2 F.T.U. [x pH x x Trace Bicarbonate Alkalinity as x x Calcium Carbonate 11c;_0 MgZ11ter Ix Carbonate Alkalinity as, x x 0 mg/liter Calcium Carbonate Free Carbon Dioxide x 5.2 ma/liter 7 !X CalciL= x @6.0 ma liter Ix 1@'a gne s i um x 15.2 mg4liter x Sod-ium w 25-P Mg I', i i. p@ ix Chloride x x x 1, 4 mg '/1 iter x Su:Ja t e x x x 45.8 mg/lite x Piaos-D'aate x 0.006 maZli er x --sil-1.0a . - x 20.. mg@lifar Dlsso.@ved Solids x x LTota'L Residue 214.4 mg/liter 'i -- .. x Less than.- Robinson & Noble TO 10318 Gravelly lake Dr. SW BENNETTS C MICAL LABORATIORY, inc. Tacoma, WA 98499 RV CHEMICAL DATA FOR WELLS SAMPLED MAY, 1978 Field Location Specific Number Number Conductance Hardness Chlorides 4 33N4 350 95 20 13 29Q2 540 20 27 17 32F 400 175 16 22 32P1 220 60 19 23 32P2 1670 30 400 26 5CI 390 90 24 35 4L1 600 5 45 39 4B3 240 95 15 40 4G3 390 110 18 43 V2 325 80 20 41 4G4 410 160 20 45 4H3 470 36 25 46 4H2 350 140 18 47 4K1 410 70 35 49 U3 350 110 18 51 4J4 360 130 20 57 9AI 350 160 13 59 4B1 450 65 20 63 9C1 350 150 30 65 9CA 350 150 26 67 9G2 240 115 10. 77A 10MI 240 107 16 78 10NI 300 100 15 79 600 190 105 80 10QI 360 10 14 83 33Q1 550 230 48 84 15HI 250 110 5 88 15F3 650 15 20 89 33P3 600. 250 25 90 33Q2 300 145 20 96 430 35 48 98 440 65 25 99 360 150 15 100 290 130 8 101 IOM3 250 10 20 Stewart 410 40 225 11 1 I I I I I I A P PE N D I XD I WELL SCHEDULE WELL LOGS I I I I I I I .- I I I. I I Field locations of wells are shown on Master Maps by Field Number and by Location Number (USGS System). Field Numbers (Arthur) Sequential in Blue Field Numbers (Calkin) Sequential in Orange Location Number - pencil Attached is a Conversion Table correlating Location Numbers with Field Numbers. All are plotted on the Master Map, but only those for which some data have been developed are listed on the Well Schedule. Please note that some locations may not be accurate. Those on the Well Schedule have generally been field checked and are believed to be the most accurate. CONVERSION TABLE FLD LOC FLD LOC FLD LOC FLD LOC 1 38/l/33Pl 48 37/l/4K2 96 TI 37/l/15El 2 38/l/33Ll 49 37/l/4K3 97 T2 37/l/15E2 3 38/l/33N3 50 37/l/4J3 98 T3. 37/1/16A 4 38/l/33N4 51 37@1/4J4 99 T4 37/l/9Rl 5 38/l/33N2 52 37 1/4J5 100 T5 37/1/lOM1(77) 6 38/l/33N5 53 101 37/l/lOM3 T6 37/l/9H(69) 7 38/l/33P2 54 37/l/4J6 T7 37/1/9F 8 38/l/33El 55 37/l/4R2 T8 37/l/9Cl(63) 9 38/l/32Hl 56 37/l/4R3 T9 37/1/901 10A 38/1/32J1 57 37/l/9Al T10 37/l/9D2 10B 38/l/32H2 58A 37/l/9Bl Tll 37/1/903 11 38/l/32A(T20) 58B 37/l/9B2 T12 37/l/904(85) 12 38/l/29Ql(Tl9) 59 37/l/4BI T13 37/l/8Al(81) 13 38/l/29Q2 60 37/l/8A3 T14 37/l/8A2(61) 14 38/l/32B3 61 37/l/8A2(TI4) T15 37/l/4N(30) 15 38/l/32Bl 62 37/l/9B3 T16 37/l/5L(28) 16 38/l/32B2 63 37/l/9Cl(T8) T17 37/l/5C(26) 17 38/1/32F 64 371'1/9C3 T18 38/1/32L 18 38/1/32G1 65 37/l/9C4 T19 38/l/29Q(12) 19 38/l/32L2 66 37/l/9F2 T20 38/l/32A(11) 20 38/l/32L.3 67 37/l/9G2 T21 37/l/4Gl 21 38/1/32K1 68 37/1/9G1 T22 37/l/4G2 22 38/l/32Pl 69 37/l/9Hl(T6) T23 37/l/4Hl 23 38/l/32P2 70 37/1/9J1 T24 37/l/4H2(46) 24 38/l/32P4 71 37/l/lOM4 T25 37/1/4J1 25 38/l/32P3 72 37/l/lOM2 T26 37/l/4J2 26 37/l/5Cl(Tl7) 73 37/l/IOL2 T27 37/l/3Nl 27 37/l/5HI 74 37/l/lOLl T28 37/l/15H2 28 37/l/5Ll(Tl6) 75 37/l/lOP2 T29 37/l/15Hl(84) 29A 37/l/5Pl 76 37/l/lOP1 T30 29B 37/l/5P2 77 37/1/lOM1(T5) T31 30 37/l/4Ml(Tl5) 78 37/l/lON1 T32 31 37/1/01 79 32 37/1/5R1 80 37/1/lOQ1 33 37/1/501 81 37/l/8Al(Tl3) 34 37/l/4F'l 82 37/l/15GI 35 37/l/4LI 83 38/1/33Q1 36 37/1/41 84 37/l/15Hl(T29) 37 37/l/4E2 85 37/l/9D4(Tl2) 38 37/1/401 86 37/l/4J3 39 37/l/4E3 87 37/l/9H2 40 37/l/4G3 88 37/l/15F3 41 37/l/4G4 89 38/l/33P3 42 37/1/4F1 90 38/l/33Q2 43 37/l/4F2 91 37/l/4B2 44 37/l/4L2 92 37/1/01 45 37/l/4H3 93 37/l/9R3 46 37/l/4H2(T24) 94 37/1/9R2 47 37/l/4Kl 95 37/l/15H3 OWNER ON ORILIING WATER LEVEL YIELD L04G CASING BEDROCK QUALITY DATA --TUDE- DFPTH DIAMETER WEtt IqI)ALTI TEN tit MaER METHOD AVAILABLE DEPTH DEPTH OF NOTES L DTW DATE GPM 00 sr. CON. H Ct T38N, RIE 29Q1 Austin T19-12 36' 60 12' 5/78 T 14' 540 20 27 32A1 A. Granger T20-11 100 T 10, 32B1 G. Gossette 15b 72' 6"? 72' 4/78 32B2 Moen 16 32Fl Carl Hansen 17 102� 137 611 100- 6/74 7 Max? S 1321 137' 400 175 16 32G1 Irene Thomas 15a 100' cbl 153 61' 4' 2/75 USGS 574 15 32H1 R. McFarlant 9 184' cbl 110 101, 4' 2/73 20 56' S 110' 41' 32JI W. Hansen 10a 194' cbl 100 8' 7/69 12 30' S ill 61 32Ll Griesing T18 127 T 113' 32K1 Si Eldred 21 190' cbl 215 811 6' 4/78 60 15' S 491 .44' 32Pl John Melohe@ 24 50' cbl 180 6" USGS 350 30 32P2 Lehr Miller 70' cb1 73 411 63' 2/60 USGS 1670 30 400 32P3 Isle Aire 22 105' cbl 73 511 53' 1960 S 220 60 19 32P4 Isle Aire 23 200? cbl 250 135? 4/78 S 32P5 Virg Stark 25 58 611 37' 6/76 20 2' S 58' 581 33El Rhl/Hammond 8 175' cbl 185 611 141 5/78 2 185' S 201 61 33Ll Mac Granger 2 80' 70 611 9' 4/78 30' S 22' 489 25 33N1 W.Richardsor 89-5 204' cbl 120 6il 0 6/75 10 100' S 120' 23' 600 260 25 33N2 Mac Granger 4 222 cb1 97 61' 36' 5/66 21-2 571 S 36! 311 350 95 20 33Q1 John Slater 83 15' dug 10 181, 5' 3/69 S 10' 550 230 48 33Q2 Gene Long 90 16' cbl 40 611 0 11/74 12 32' S 34' 40' 300 145 20 WILL OWNER OR FIELD DRILLING WATER tIVIL YIELD LOG CASING 61DROCK OUAIITY DATA TENANT NUM&EN ALTITUDE METHOD DFPTH DIAMETER OTW DATE GPM DO AVAILADLE DEPTH DEPTH OF SIR CON. H C1, NOTES T37N, RlE 3N1 O'Rouke T27 155 3? Thes i s 141 4B3 GS Schular 39 201 9- 5/78 240 95 15 4E1 Terry Moore 36 166' cbl 150 611 50' 12/74 2 90 3ched. 471 401 4E2 Angus McLane 43 128' 23' 4/78 325 80 20 4GI Landon T21 170 17? Thesis 181 4G2 Astell T22 85 Thesis 5' 4G3 Dick Hudson 40 818 0 4/78 390 110 @18 4G4 Gary Gaines 41 90, 111 4/78 410 160 20 4H1 M. Heath T23 90 3? hesis 19, 4H2 J.Chrstnson T24-4E 103 1? hesis 241 350 140 18 4H3 470 36 25 4JI Anderson T26 36' 65 311 5/7E 3? T 151 2000 355 4J2 Brown T25-86 46' 100 32' 5/7E 9? T 23' 4J3 G.Chrstnson T25-8( 38' cbl 105 661 38' 10/7@ 7 20 S 26' 18, 1 51 65' 10, 4J4 Hawley 4/7E 360 130 20 4K1 Schneider 47 112' 10' 4/78 410 70 35 4K2 4K3 Jewell 49 96' 15' 4/78 350 110 18 4M1 F.Granger T15-3c 116 T 1116? 50 J. Melcher T17-2f 1031 168 78' 4/7E T 72? 390 100 45 5L1 F. Granger T16-2E 300 T 52' 5PI W.T.Lockwoo( 29a 45' cbl 353 611 15 1948 17 50 S 801 '851 5P2 W.T.Lockwooc 29b 87' cbl 301 611 140- 12/77 7 20 S 21' 16# AM WELL OWNER OR FIELD DRILLING WATER LEVEL YIELD LOG CASING BEDROCK QUALITY DATA TENANT NUMBER ALTITUDE METHOD DffTH DIAMETER AVAILAK DEPTH DEPTH OF NOTES DTW DATE GPM DD SF. CON. H Ck T37N, RlE 8AI L. Chambers T13-81 10' cbl 85 611 9 Max? S&T 80' -851 8A2 J. Miller T14-61 91 84 T -84' 9A1 Earl Granger 57 19' cbl 76 6" 109' 5/78 350 160 13 9BI Hilltop W.A. 58a 90' cbl 240 611 85' 5/78 441 15 9B2 Gramac Const 58b 73' cbl 252 6" 68' 5/78 12 217 S 135' 529 9C1 M. Tuttle T8-63 231 51 7- 4178 T 51, 350 150 30 9C4 Agriculture 65 81 16- 5/78 350 150 26 9D1 G. Johnson T11 15' cbl 58 811 T -58' 303 16 9D2 Walker TIO 91, 62 51 T -62' 9D3 K. Gardner T9 62 T - 621 - 9D4 John Brown T12-85 10' cbl 95 611 101 T&S 921 '195' 9F1 C.E.Castle T7 115 T 14' 9GI red Graham 68 95' cbl 101 611 S 1011 368 62 9HI iaven r6-69 118' 143 6 T 138'? 9R1 7lockenhagenF4 114 T -114'? 9R2 A. Lehn 94 12) 3 611 S '123' 9R3 93 ROU like Mayes 74 182' 116 6" 63' 9/74 2 41 S 116' 100 (epferle 101 74' cbl 195' 611 79- 5/78 7 S 195' 195' 10MI Granger -5-77 170 T 40 240 107 16 LOM2 3ill Ralph 72 cbl 250 511 11-2 214 S 160' 38' 10M3 )wens 250 10 20 WATER LEVEL YIELD QUALITY DATA WELL OWNER 04 FIEto AiTITUOF DRILLING DFPTH DIAMETER LOG CASING BEDROCK NOTES TENANT NUMBER METHOD AVAILABLE DEPTH D1PiH Of DTW DATE GPM DO Sr. CON.1 H CIL T37N, RlE 1OP1 L.Carothers 76 2211 46 10 1 S '461 lOQ1 Doolie Browr 80 62' 225 6" 75 4/76 1-2 S 20' ill 360 10 14 11CI S.R.Boynton 10, 150 8 1954 15E1 Pearson Tl 48 T L481 15E2 J. Selke F2 82 T . 82' 15E3 Ellis Massey 88 78' cbl 207 611 74 5 35 S 207' -207' 15F1 Carl Otto 100' dug 12 36" USGS 15H1 Ernest NolteT29-84 39' cbl 118 811 S 118' 1181 250 110 5 15H2 - Luke T28 24' 150 T 35' 15H3 - Luke 20' dug 32 36" USGS 682 32 16A1 Parberry r3 86 T u86 I. I I I I I I i I A P P E N D I X E I WATER SYSTEM COORDINATION ACT PROPOSED REGULATIONS I I I I - I I I I I I I I I I x 978 WATE R SYSTEM COORDINATION ACT: KAN CONTENT5 GUIDE LIN ES Department of Social and Health Services Water Supply and Waste Section Mail Stop LD-11 Olympia, Washington 98504 J- CONTENTS OF A COORDINATED WATER SYSTEM PLAN Q@ ot 'A The following purveyors are required by various state regulations to develop a Water System Plan and/or Co@rdinated Water System Plan: 1. All water systems with more than 1,000 service connections (WAC 248-54-580, State Board of Health Water Supply Regulations). 2. All water systems within the external boundaries of a Cri tical Water Supply Service Area. (WAC 248-54-580, State Board of Health Water Supply Regulations, and WAC 13, Water System Coordination Regulations - See Footnotes 1 and 2). 3* All water sysLems 41thin the geographical area established for reserving a future domestic water supply (WAC 173-590-070(l) Reservation of Public Water Supply Regulations). If a water system plan is required based on the above categories, the contents of that plan will vary in de@,dij according to the size of the public water system, consistent with the 01 "Wing: 1. Water S stem Plan - f. t- ub, c water systems with over 1,000 service connections 2. Abbreviated Water lan os p c water systems serving between 100 and 1,000 ser ice c ne''' Pag 3. Water System Planning Questionnaire - for a remaining public water systems. (Page 6 A Regional Supplement is required in addition to the above plans for those water systems within the external boundaries of a Critical Water Supply Service Area or within the geographical area established for reserving a future domestic water supply. (Page 14 ) The following sections of these guidelines are intended to serve as an outline for preparation of water system plans and to serve as criteria for approval of those plans by the Department of Social and.Health Service's district engineer. Water Systems in existance prior to January 1, 1978, which are owner-operated and serve less than 10 service coanections (or serve one industry) are exempt from all planning requiremeats. 2 Non-municipally owned public water systems are exempt from the planning requirements (except for the establishment of service area boundaries) if they were in existance as of January 1, 1978, have no plans for expansions and meet State Board of Health regulations. WATER SYSTEM PLAN A. Basic Planning Data 1. A general description of the water system's existing and future service area including a history of the water system, available water resources, topography, justification of the future service area boundary, and inventory of related plans. 2. An assessment of present land use patterns and projected changes based on adopted land use plans. 3. Present population distribution pattern, population projections, and assessment of potential growth areas which are anticipating future service from the water system. 4. Present water uses, projected water demand, and justification for projected water demand B. Inventory of Existing t Sy e acilities 1. An inventory and des 0 is,.,, g water sources, treatment, storage, transmission, and., i -r b facilities, including I assessment of recent syst i r ts4@@, 2. Hydraulic analysis of the water sy e 3. Conformance with State Board of Health min water quality standards, including documentation of the physical, emical, and bacteriological quality of the water supply before and after treatment. 4. Discussion of applicable fire flow performance standards and ability of the water system to meet those standards. (WAC C. Formulation of Needed Water System ITprovements 1. Projection of anticipated water system needs at least ten years into the future. 2. A description and assessment of-water source, storage, treatment, transmission, and distribution alternative "packages" to ::ulfill anticipated needs, including costs. 3. Selection of and justification for an alternative "package". n@ a c 1 4emicwa -2- 4. A time schedule, based on either growth within the service area, or fixed dates for improvements, required to meet documented water system needS. Include justification for timing of improvements. 5. A proposed financial 'program for obtaining needed improvements, including discussion concerning rates, various charges for new hook-ups, and expansion policies. D. Miscellaneous Topics 1. For those systems utilizing surface supplies with disinfection only, a report should be included identifying all facilities, conditions and activities within its watershed together with a proposed program for necessary surveillance and control. (WAC 248-54-660) 2. Written service area agreements or documentation of any attempts to reach such agreements with neighboring water purveyors. 3. Description of agreements or documentation of any attempts to reach agreements with neighboring water purveyors regarding shared or joint-use faciliti "`-'!4ncluding interties. 4. A discussion on th "el 0'at and compatability between the P4@ Z, water system plan -,,r unty proposed or adopted plans, policies, and land us I; !Oacent water system plans and related water resource 0@a A@ 5. An Operations Program for ro tin ena and operation, water quality monitoring, cross ec io ' d trol, response in case of emergency, and identifica 'on of erson(s) responsible for system management. (WAC 248-54-61" 6. When either a variance or exemption is required, the following information shall be included in the Water System Plan: a. Assessment of why the water system is not able to comply with these regulations. b. Documentation that the variance or exemption would not result, / in an unreasonable risk to public health. C. 3chedule for bringing the water system into compliance with the State Water Supply Regulations, or full documentation of special circumstances leading to non-conformaice with state water sup?ly regulations together with a water quality monitor- ing program. d. (For exemptions only) documentation that the water system was officially in operation on the effective date of the State Water Supply Regulations. iti k&el r e %ft - LEY lei AY ti, t ?@i @ jeroso -3- 7. An official negative declaration or final environmental impact statement fulfilling requirements of the state environmental Policy act (WAC 248-06 and WAC 197-10). E. Mapping 1. At least the following maps are to be included in the water system plan: a. Existing and future service area boundaries b. Existing and projected land use patterns, including current local zoning C. Present d f population distribu d. Fire flo:n d elo re ek4bWlassifications tion patterns e. Existing a and areas (those portions of the water system su ec to ssbWwater use) f. Critical elevation a P s zon g. Existing and future facili ies, luding source, storage, treatment, transmission (intert* and major distribution & c'I P d e I c @e em su tlevati a z Jon ?i e 4s. lud I an -4- ABBREVIATED WATER SYSTEM PLAN Plans developed in accordance'with this section are expected to be less detailed in nature than those required under the previous section entitled water system plan. The plan is expected to contain, but not be limited to the following: A. General Background 1. History of water system and population served 2. Inventory of existing facilities including map of facilities and pressure zones 3. Necessary wa4v@,r quality information B. Future Water eds 1. identify r e.areas (include map and any agreements) 2. Identify water nJdj&jffuff%water use 3. Discussion of Fire fl eir t including map of "development u r "It classificaitons" (See C AP 4OF C. Needed Improvements 1. Identify future facilities (include a map, along with identified joint-use projects, interties, etc.) 2. Improvement schedule 3. Financial program 4. Discussion of relationship with plans of other nearby purveyors and other related plans D. Miscellaneous Topics 1. Operations program in accordance with WAC 248-54-610 (See Topic D5 in water system Plan) 2. If a variance or exemftion from the state board of health regulations is requested, certain additional information is required in accordance with 14AC 248-54-800 (See Topic D6 in water system Plan) 3. Necessary compliance with state environmental policy act regulation NAC 248-06 and WAC 197-10) I @& firc q -5- WATER SYSTEM PLANNING - QUESTIONNAIRE The water system planning questionnaire is designed to be- less detailed than the abbreviated water system plan outlined in the previous section. The questionnaire will provide information about key considerations in operating and developing an adequate public water system. The questionnaire consists of two, parts: Part 1 consists of the Water Facilities Inventory required in WAC 248-54-810, which deal with the status of the existing public water system. Part 2 deals with an assessment of future water system needs and how those needs might relate to other water systems in the area. -6- DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES fart i WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE SECTION Mail Stop 4-1 Olympia, Washington 98504 Water Facilities Inventory And Annual Report Form Explanation Sheet (1) I.D. Number - This number is assigned by the Water Supply an d Waste Section, Department of Social and Health Services. Each system has been assigned a permanent number which should be used on all correspondence with this Department and must be shown on all annual reports and bacteriological analysis forms. All records and reports are now filed according to I.D. number. If you do not have your I.D. number, complete the form and we will fill in your number. If you have a four-digit I.D. number, place a zero in front when entering it in this report. (2) County - The county where the system is located is given by a two-digit code. 01 -Adams 09 - Douglas 17 -King 25 - Pacific 33 - Steve-is 02 -Asotin 10 - Ferry 18 -Kitsap 26 - Pend Oreille 34 - Thurston 03 -Benton 11 - Franklin 19 -Kittitas 27 - Pierce - 35 - Wahkiakun 04 -Chelan 12 - Garfield 20 -Klickitat 28 - San Juan 36 - Walla Walla 05 -Clallam 13 - Grant 21 -Lewis 29 - Skagit 37 - Whatcom 06 -Clark 14 - Grays Harbor 22 -Lincoln 30 - Skamania 38 - Whitman 07 -Columbia 15 - Island 23 -Mason 31 - Snohomish 39 - Yakima 08 -Cowlitz 16 - Jefferson 24 -Okanogan 32 - Spokane (3) Basin No. - The State of Washington has been divided into 62 regional basins by the State Department of Ecology. These numbers have been included here to facilitate use of our data in conjunction with their projects. The number pertains to the location of the water system rather than its source. If you do not know this number. it is the two-digit number on your address label. (4) Date Completed - The date this form was completed. (5) Annual Report Year - All Class I systems are required to submit an annual report (this form) each year. The "Annual Report Year" should denote the calendar year of the report data which is, in most cases, the year preceding the current year. (6) System Class - Check the appropriate box. Each customer or lot is considered a service. Yf the system serves a subdivision or development, include all lots as a "service" even if they are not presently served by the system, but will be when the lot is developed. (7) Ownership - Check one box. (8) Predominent Characteristic - Check one box. (9) System Name and Address - This information should be complete so that all official mail- ings of the Department are sent to the proper place. If there is no mailipg address for the system office, insert the name of the system and leave the address blaLk. The "Address of owner" must be filled out if the system address is not given. Please do not forget to fill in the zip code. (10) Address of Owner - Give the complete mailing address of the owner if it is not the same as the "System Name and Address". (11) Distribution Reservoir and Capacity - The location of each reservoir or complex of reser- voirs, such as "5th Street", with the combined capacity of the reservoir(s) at the sit,@. In all cases, please provide total capacity at the bottom. The volume of pressure tanks should not be included here. (12) Permanent Population Served - Population being served at the present time. 111) If Poptilatin Served Varies - Give the niaximum number of people that can potentially be served by the system. -f-fit ii; a new subdivision or a recreational plat, assume 3.0 people per lot and record total here. The total must include all lots in the subdivision served by the system even if a service water line has not yet been installed. If the system serves a camp, resort, etc., give the maximum population served at any one time. (14) Is The System Primarily A HydropneumaLiC Pressure System? - (Pressure Tanks) If your system operates primarily with a pressure tank (no gravity storage) so indicate. (15) Number of Water Services - Include the total number of customers. (16) Number of Services Metered - Include only those services that have an active metered ser- '7 vice. If none, leave blank. DSHS 4-80A (Rev. 8/76) -7- (17) Range of System Pressures - Static Range of system static pressure in the low and high pressure area. Residual - Range of system pressure during peak use period. Estimate if information is not available. (18) Annual water Use - This information should be based upon present use data. If the infor- mation is not readily available, estimate the usage data based upon the following:Average day - 125 gallons per capitalday; Peak day - 250 gallons per capitalday, computed on a basis of 3.0 people per active c Ionnection. (19) Approx. Z Of Total Ave. Use Fo r Non-Residential Use - Estimate the percent of total water use being used by industry; commercial; and for non-residential irrigation. Usa whole numbers, aot decimals. Percentage of Total Production Lost or Unaccounted For - Estimate the amount of water lost through leaks, evaporation, etc.- Use whole numbers, not decimals. (20) Name of Source(s) - List each source, well or name of surface supply (Cowlitz River, Summit Lake, etc.). If the number of sources used exceed into one grouping if the well depth and treatment are about the same. 'If you list veil fields as a single source, the well capacity should reflect the total capacity of the wells grouped together. Breakdowns of the groupings may be provided on a separate sheet or under .. comments" on the reverse side of the report page. (21) Source Type Check appropriate box for each source listed. (22) Well Depth Record the well depth or average of well depths if a well field is grouped together. (23) well or Plant Capacity - For each source listed, record the pumping capacity of the well or the production capacity of the treatment facilities. To convert gpm to Thou/Gal/Day, multiply gpm by 1.44. Provide total capacity at bottom. (24) Location of Source - The location code is baGed on the U.S.G.S. township and section system for survey of public lands. Sequencing of sections and subdivisions is as follows: Sixteen 1/4-mile square (40-acre) subdivisions in a section. 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cr Q Q 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 D C B A NOTE; I and 0 4 - are omitted ra to 18 17 16 15 14 13 E F G H because of X similarity to 19 20 21 22 23 24 M L K J one and zero. 30 27 26 N P Q R U 4 0 .aW 31 Twp. All townships in Washington State are north of the Base Line at 45031' north latitude, so the customary N after the townsf.ip number is omitted but understood. Range - A "W" following the two digit range rumber indicates west of the Willamette Meridian and an "E" indicates east. Sec. Code - The first two digits are the section number, the third is the subdivision letter. EYAKPLE: Twp: 35, Range: 02E; Sec. Code: 20K .4.f (25) Treatment Provided Check appropriate box tor each source listed with an 'Y' to indicate the type of treatment provided. More than one may be checked. (26) Evaluation of Water System - The State Board of Health Rules and Regulations regarding Publ c Water Supplies should be referred to when answering questions 1, 5. 6 and 7. The other questions are self-explanatory. (27) Water Quality Control Improvements Needed - This section is to be completed by the DSHS engineer or county sanitarian. DSHS 4-80A lbacker)(Re,.8/76) COMPLETEDBY: STATE OF WASHINGTON WATER FACILITIES INVENTORY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SERVICES DIVISION AND ANNUAL REPORT WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE SECTION TOuNT Y NAME AN.,A, D NUMBER 41.51 121 It NIN N1.1 7. mil3l 11161 141 SYSTEM CLASS (17) 161 OWNER 'SHIP (1 171 PREDOMINENT CHARACTERISTIC 091 .81 10 uiMMONfIV I (A) SERVI(;f 5 0H Mi fit P [:1 PRIVATP. INIJUSIHY I JILS11ANTIAL 4_XV[L0f1MLNI bC3IU4JU'A.f4'. 2 0 COMMUNITY :0 THRU 99 SERVICES M 0 MUNICIPAL. WATER D1STR.. PUD. CO. 2 MOBILE HOME PARK 10 scRwcE STA,'11,_,'-.'. 3 0 NON-COMMUNITY, 25 PEOPLE OR MORE c NON-PROFIT, CORP.. COOP, ASSOC 3 [3 RECREATIONAL AREA. NON-RESiO 8 C1 OTHER 4 C3 commu.,ary & NONI-COMMUNITY, 2-THAU G STATE. FEDERAL 4 0 SCHOOL. INSTITUTION 9 SERVICES LESS THAN 25 PEOPLE 1 5 0 LO DGING SYSTEM NAME QO-Slin DISTRIBUTION RESERVOIR SITE(S) (11) CAPACITY (GALLONS; STREET ADDRESS (wao) 1STL 2ND LINE CITY f27 46i ADDRESS OF OWNER IF DIFFEgiNT -FROM SYSTEM ADDRESS (--46) 110! CITY ZIP CODE I TOTAL OERMANENT POPULATION SERVED IF POPULATION SERVED (13) (a 4iMARILY A HYDROPNEUMATIC PRESSURE SYSTEMI i 121 !Sr@62; VARIES. WHAT IS THE MA __XIk4UM NUMBER SERVED? 1) 0 YES im-2) 13 No NUMBER OF %ATER SERVICES (7-131 NUMBER OF SERVICES METERED (14-20) RANGE OF SYSTEM PRESSURES fPSI) 1171 27-291 )0_ 11sl 1161 421-23) 124-26) RESIDUAL DURING STATIC- TO --- PEAK USE PERIOD TO ANNUAL WATER USE (GALIDAY) 133@4t) (181 (42-50) APPROXIMATE % OF 1191 (51-53) PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL AVERAGE DAY PEAK TOTAL AVERAGE USE PRODUCTION LOST OR DAY FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL USE7 ____ % UNACCOUNTED FCR? [211 SOURCE TYPE (231 (241 1251 -REATOENT IT) WELL OR PLANT CAPACITY LOCATION OF SOURCE !201 NAME OR 1221 'NATION WELL DESIG OF SOIJACE(S) DEPTH GPM THOU/GAL/DAY TWP RANGE SEC CODE (19-25) (26-271 128-30) 431-33) 06) 137@ (381 391 1 @Ac, tA) !0I Ei F7: TOTALS [261 EVALUATION Of: WATER SYSTEM T,) 7-@ RIA F1, AND IlFGI4A'0NS;)F ri,E S7 47E BOARD OF HFALTti HFGARDING PUBLIC WATER SUPPI-If '-AD,-,PTf0 I)EC@kIsEii 1,) @,4- 1 5 % N NOT ArPUCABLI - S@ siem Pla, NAC @1@ 54 caq, 2, 'A:E APPROVE0 SN DSHS ... ....... ... @El Mo Day Year (7-12) 2 Rese,vo,scc@o,e,! . ............................ I ................. I................................. .. . ......... [I N A ............................................................................. ONA YES cl ,,4 3 Ca@ oea@ [email protected],. oemanos oe met lcr 24 houts -It) a losS at e-%e, i: J@P. @3 -,;)-wer supply 12@ir%e largest wefIor(3)Iransm,ssionJtrle? ........ .... .................. . YES B Do the standards for new construction requires inch or larger pipe? YES NO (18-1) (18-2) C Is the system capable of meeting peak demands without routines seasonal use restrictions? YES NO (19-1) (19-2) Cross Connection Control (See WAC 24 -54-470, page 13-16) A Is there a comprehensive program of elimination and containment? YES NO (20-1) (20-2) B Are hazardous premises protected by backflow prevention devices? N.A. YES NO (See WAC 248-5 -500 (g). page 15) (21-1) (21-2) 6 Control (See WAC 248-54-430. pages 8-11) Distribution Samples: A How many samples are required per month? Raw Samples: B Have the above required samples been submitted routinely? YES NO (22-1) (22-2) C Has a complete chemical analysas been made on each source of supply during the last calendar year? YES NO (23-1) (23-2) Operations (See WAC 24 -54-440. page 12) A Are the individuals in responsible charge of operation certified? YES NO (24-1) (24-2) B Are the operation reports (treatment,ect.) submitted as required? YES NO (25-1) (25-2) 8 improvements (Class I Systems only) A What was the approvment total cost of systems improvements during the last calendar year? $ (26-34) B What is the anticipated penditure for the present calendar year? $ (35-43) C What is the anticipated expenditure for the next five years? $ (44-52) Survey Completion Date of on-site survey Mo. Day Yr. 11. MAJOR NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO STATIONS IN AREA IF PUBLIC NOTICE IS REQUIRED: Response Personnel NAME LOCATION (CITY) A Name of person in charge of water system operation: NEWSPAPERS: Address Telephone RADIO STATIONS: 9 Person in response charge of operation if diferent from above: Name [27] THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION WILL BE COMPLETED BY THE DSHS ENGINEER OR COUNTY SANITARIAN WATER QUALITY CONTROL IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED (CHECK ITEMS WHERE IMPROVEMENTS ARE NEEDED) Source of Source Watershed Chlorin- Filtration Turbidity Iron/Mn Bacterio- Chemical Cross Conn. OTHER IMPROVEMENT NEEDS Supply Prof Control Ation Monitoring Control logical Monitor Control Monitor Total (53) (54) (55) A (56) (57) (58) (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) (64) (65) (66) (67) COMMENTS Return to DSHS. Water Supply and Waste Section. Mail Stop 4-1. Olynipis. Washington 98504 -10- PART 2 1. On a map, indicate'the existing .and future service ar .ea of y.our system. Include a short explanation of why the future service area boundary is located where it is, and'identify neighboring water systems. 2. Does your future service area overlap with adjacent water systems? Yes No If yes, explain why. 3. How many service connections. r st anticipate 10 years from now? Include a short explanation of howw arri a this number. 4. Is your system required to meet fire flow performance standards? (WAC Yes No If yes, include map of "development classifications". 5. List facilities your system intends to develop during the next 10 years, including the year each will be developed. st ant f how y@arriv a 6. List reasons why those new facilities are necessary. 7. The new facilities will be financed by: User Charges Loans Bonds Goverment Assistance Other 8. Does your system have any interties or other joint-use facilities with a neighboring water system? Yes No If yes, explain. Z '4@f Apt_ AW 106 1W 9. Do your improvements inclu t interties or joint-use facilities? Yes No I es, %plain. If no, are you interested in the possi y f s i ng facilities with another water system if the cost uld b ess? Yes No 10. Is your utility responsible for its own operation and maintenance? Yes No If no, explain. If yes, are you interested in having another entity operate and maintain your system if the cost would be less? Yes No 11. If reliable; good quality water is available from a neighboring system, would you be willing to have that system serve your customers if you receive just compensation for your system? Yes No It' ossi y !c o Ist oul'd -12- 12. Would you be willing to expand your system if a neighboring water system requested you to provide service to its customers? Yes No A 0 Part 2 are i" ther items which need to be included in dentified in Section D of the Water System Plan, and include: 1. Operations Program @&kC 248-54-610) 2. Information for ia e iLr exemption (if appropriate) (WAC 248-54-800) 3. Information nee 1 with the State Environmental Policy Act (WAC 248-06 and WAC -13- REGIONAL SUPPLEMENT The regional supplement is intended to address areawide water system concerns for the critical water supply service area, or the geographical area established for reserving a future domestic water supply. This supplement is expected to contain, but not be limited to,, the following: A. Assessment of all appropriate plans and policies which have been adopted by local, regional and state governmental entities. These include water resource plans, water quality plans, comprehensive land use plans$ shoreline master programs,. etc. B. Compilation of future water service areas.as' identified in each purveyor's water system plan, inc ,&Iking: 1. A map depictin n nd future service areas. 1zXAJ 2. Copy of service"t nt between water systems. C. Establishment of minimum -4 nd s applicable to water system improvements within the cr c a ply service area. Include map of "development classification ini to fire flow as identified in each purveyor's water system an. D. Establishment of a process for asses g new public water systems which locate within the critical water supp y service area, consistent with those requirements outlined in WAC 10. The process should address: 1. How the minimum water system design standards are to be applied. 2. A method for counties to assess water supply to new developments. E. Identification of potential joint-use or shared water system facilities as outlined in each purveyor's water system plan, including: 1. A map of all potential joint-use or shared facilities, including interties. 2. List joint-use or shared facilities to be developed, together with documentation from the utilities involved outlining arrangements for development and use of sucli facilities. Note: This topic should be closely related to the discussion on alternatives and projection of improvements included in each purveyor's water system plan. pnnd e Ke@ nt s, c d I ion; al s -14- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t .. 1. 3 6668 14101 2-,734- I