[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 171 (Tuesday, September 3, 1996)] [Notices] [Pages 46466-46478] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 96-22376] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Health Care Financing Administration [BPD-842-NC] RIN 0938-AH70 Medicare Program; Schedule of Prospectively Determined Payment Rates for Skilled Nursing Facility Inpatient Routine Service Costs AGENCY: Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), HHS. ACTION: Final notice with comment period. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: This final notice with comment period sets forth the schedule of payment rates for low Medicare volume skilled nursing facilities for prospective payments for routine service costs for Federal fiscal year 1997 (cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1996 and before October 1, 1997). Section 1888(d) of the Social Security Act requires the Secretary to establish and publish the prospectively determined payment rates 90 days prior to the beginning of the affected Federal fiscal year. DATES: Effective date: The schedule of payment rates is effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1996. Comment date: Written comments will be considered if we receive them at the appropriate address, as provided below, no later than 5:00 p.m. on November 4, 1996. ADDRESSES: Mail written comments (an original and three copies) to the following address: Health Care Financing Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Attention: BPD-842-NC, P.O. Box 7517, Baltimore, MD 21244-0517. If you prefer, you may deliver your written comments (an original and three copies) to one of the following addresses: Room 309-G, Hubert H. Humphrey Building, 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20201, or C5-09-26, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244-1850. Comments may also be submitted electronically to the following e- mail address: [email protected]. E-mail comments must include the full name and address of the sender and must be submitted to the referenced address in order to be considered. All comments must be incorporated in the e-mail message because we may not be able to access attachments. Electronically submitted comments will be available for public inspection at the Independence Avenue address, below. Because of staffing and resource limitations, we cannot accept comments by facsimile (FAX) transmission. In [[Page 46467]] commenting, please refer to file code BPD-842-NC. Comments received timely will be available for public inspection as they are received, generally beginning approximately 3 weeks after publication of a document, in Room 309-G of the Department's offices at 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC, on Monday through Friday of each week from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. (phone: (202) 690-7890). Copies: To order copies of the Federal Register containing this document, send your request to: New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Specify the date of the issue requested and enclose a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or enclose your Visa or Master Card number and expiration date. Credit card orders can also be placed by calling the order desk at (202) 512-1800 or by faxing to (202) 512- 2250. The cost for each copy is $8.00. As an alternative, you can view and photocopy the Federal Register document at most libraries designated as Federal Depository Libraries and at many other public and academic libraries throughout the country that receive the Federal Register. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joseph Menning (410) 786-4594. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background Section 1888 of the Social Security Act (the Act) sets forth the statutory requirements concerning Medicare payments to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for their routine service costs for services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries. Most SNFs are paid on a reasonable cost basis up to a schedule of routine service per diem cost limits established in accordance with the general reasonable cost provisions of section 1861(v)(1) of the Act and the specific SNF payment provisions of section 1888 of the Act. However, under the provision at section 1888(d) of the Act, for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1986, a SNF with fewer than 1,500 Medicare covered days in a given cost reporting period may choose to receive payment based on a prospectively determined payment rate in the subsequent cost reporting period. The prospectively determined payment rates for low Medicare volume SNFs are established on a per diem basis and include payment for the cost of furnishing general inpatient routine services and capital-related costs associated with routine services. The per diem amounts may not exceed the limit on routine service costs set forth in section 1888(a) of the Act with respect to the facility, adjusted to take into account average capital-related costs with respect to the type and location of the facility. The limit used for this purpose is the applicable routine service cost limit in effect when the provider elects to be paid under the prospectively determined payment rates. For SNFs located in an urban area, the prospectively determined payment amount is equal to 105 percent of the mean of the per diem reasonable routine service and routine capital-related costs of services for SNFs in urban areas within the same census region. The mean per diem is determined without regard to the limitations of section 1888(a) of the Act and is adjusted for different area wage levels. For SNFs located in a rural area, the prospectively determined payment amount is equal to 105 percent of the mean of the per diem reasonable routine service and routine capital-related costs of covered services for SNFs in rural areas within the same census region. The mean per diem is determined without regard to the limitations of section 1888(a) of the Act and is adjusted for different area wage levels. Prior to the enactment of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA 1993; Public Law 103-66), we published guidelines specifying the methodology and data used and the actual prospectively determined payment rates annually in the Medicare Provider Reimbursement Manual (HCFA Pub. 15-1). The general requirements for the rates were included under sections 2820 and 2821 of the manual and the actual rates, the most recent effective for Federal fiscal year 1993, were in section 2828 of the manual. Section 13503(b) of OBRA 1993 prohibited changes to the Federal fiscal year 1993 prospectively determined payment rates paid under section 1888(d) of the Act for services furnished during cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1994 and in Federal fiscal year 1995, except as may be necessary to take into account the amendments made by section 13503(c). Section 13503(c) of OBRA 1993 amended sections 1861(v)(1)(B) and 1878(f)(2) of the Act by eliminating return on owner's equity for services furnished on or after October 1, 1993. On July 21, 1995, we published in the Federal Register a final rule (60 FR 37590) that codified in the Code of Federal Regulations the statutory requirements for the optional prospectively determined payment system for low Medicare volume SNFs and the guidelines on the methodology and data used that were in the Provider Reimbursement Manual. These implementing regulations, effective on August 21, 1995, appear at 42 CFR 413.1, 413.24 and 413.300 through 413.321. Under the provisions of Sec. 413.312(a)(1), to calculate the prospectively determined payment rates, we use the SNF cost data that were used to develop the applicable SNF inpatient routine service cost limits, a wage index to adjust for area wage differences, and the most recent projections of increases in the costs from the SNF market basket (inflation factors). Section 413.312(a)(2) provides that we will announce in the Federal Register the wage index and the annual percentage increases in the market basket used in the calculation of the rates. In addition, Sec. 413.320 provides that at least 90 days before the beginning of a Federal fiscal year to which revised prospectively determined payment rates are to be applied, HCFA will publish a notice in the Federal Register establishing the rates for routine services and explaining the basis on which the rates are calculated. This notice announces the schedule of payment rates for prospective payments for routine service costs in Federal fiscal year 1997 (cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1996 and before October 1, 1997) for low Medicare volume SNFs that elect this method of payment. This notice represents the first schedule of prospectively determined payment rates published in a Federal Register notice after the effective date of the July 1995 implementing regulations. In addition, this notice includes the inflation factors to update the routine service cost limits applicable for Federal fiscal year 1997, which are necessary to compute a SNF's prospectively determined payment rate. II. Update of the Schedule of Prospectively Determined Payment Rates As mentioned earlier, the statute provided that both the SNF routine service cost limits and the prospectively determined payment rates be frozen at the Federal fiscal year 1993 amounts for cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1994 and in Federal fiscal year 1995. As a result of these rates and limits remaining at the Federal fiscal year 1993 levels, the Medicare program experienced a savings in Medicare trust funds. We had anticipated that, because of these prior years' savings, we would have legislative support to preserve these program savings for Federal fiscal year 1996 and later. We expected to do this [[Page 46468]] by trending the Federal fiscal year 1993 limits and rates to cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1996, except that the inflation factors for Federal fiscal year 1994 and Federal fiscal year 1995 would not be included. However, such legislation has not been enacted. Therefore, in the interim for Federal fiscal year 1996, we provided the Medicare intermediaries with updated Federal fiscal year 1996 limits and rates by trending the Federal fiscal 1993 data to Federal fiscal 1996 by using the projected inflation factors and the methodology described in the October 7, 1992 Federal Register notice (57 FR 46177) that announced the Federal fiscal year 1993 limits (including the inflation factors for Federal fiscal years 1994 and 1995). In addition, in May 1996, we provided all Medicare intermediaries with revisions to the Federal fiscal year 1993 cost limits and prospectively determined payment rates that reflected corrections to the projected inflation factors used in the October 7, 1992 notice. (An explanation of the circumstances under which HCFA corrects projected inflation factors is in the October 7, 1992 notice (57 FR 46179 through 46180).) These revised Federal fiscal year 1993 limits and rates were also used to compute updated limits and rates for cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1996. However, these revisions did not affect prospectively determined payment rates issued before the May 1996 notification to the intermediaries. In developing the prospectively determined payment rates effective with this notice, we are using the basic methodology and cost report data specified in Sec. 413.312 of the regulations (and described in section 2828 of the Provider Reimbursement Manual). We will continue to use the same wage indexes and the same urban and rural designations used to compute the Federal fiscal year 1993 cost limits and prospectively determined rates, as specified in the October 7, 1992 Federal Register notice and described in section 2828 of the Provider Reimbursement Manual, respectively. In addition, we will continue to provide a per diem add-on to the prospectively determined payment rates to account for costs incurred by SNFs in complying with the nursing home reform provisions specified in section 1819 of the Act (enacted by OBRA 1987), including the costs of conducting nurse aide training and competency evaluations, and for costs associated with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) universal precaution requirements. Tables I and II under section IV. of this notice contain the Federal fiscal year 1997 prospectively determined payment rates. Table III under section IV. of this notice contains the Federal fiscal year 1997 routine service cost limits. Table IV under section IV. of this notice contains the monthly inflation factors to be applied to full 12 month cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1997. III. Methodology for Determining Prospectively Determined Per Diem Payment Rates The schedule of rates set forth in Tables I and II under section IV. of this notice applies to all SNFs that qualify and request to receive the optional prospective payment rate for routine services under the provisions of subpart I of part 413. Under Sec. 413.314(d), a SNF's prospective payment rate, excluding capital-related costs, cannot exceed its actual routine service cost limit (without regard to exceptions, exemptions, or retroactive adjustments) in effect at the time of the election to be paid a prospectively determined payment rate. The prospectively determined payment rate is in place of payment that would otherwise be made for routine service costs and associated capital-related costs under section 1861(v) of the Act. There are no retroactive adjustments to these rates and under Sec. 413.308(c), an SNF may not revoke its request to be paid under this provision after it has received the initial determination of eligibility from the intermediary and the cost reporting period has begun. A. Data The actual cost data used to develop the prospectively determined payment rates for cost reporting periods beginning in FY 1993 were obtained from settled freestanding SNF Medicare cost reports for periods ending on or after June 30, 1989, and through May 31, 1990. Comparable data for hospital-based SNFs were obtained from settled Medicare cost reports for periods ending on or after October 31, 1988, and through September 30, 1989. We are continuing to use the same cost report data to develop the prospectively determined payment rates in this notice. B. Use of the Most Recent Available Inflation Factors We are continuing to use the SNF input price market basket index (inflation factor) to adjust the cost report data to the initial cost reporting period to which the prospectively determined payment rates apply. The inflation factors are comprised of a ``market basket'' of the most commonly used categories of SNF routine service expenses. The categories used are based primarily on those used in the National Center for Health Statistics in its National Nursing Home Surveys. The categories are weighted according to the estimated proportion of SNF routine service cost attributable to each category. The Appendix to this notice specifies the weights used in each category. We are adjusting the cost report data described above using the most recent available inflation factors shown below. These inflation factors are similar to those used in the May 1996 notification to the intermediaries described in section II. of this notice. These inflation factors, representing the annual percentage increases in the market basket over the previous year, are: 1988................................................................5.1 1989................................................................6.6 1990................................................................6.3 1991................................................................4.4 1992................................................................3.8 1993................................................................3.7 1994................................................................3.4 1995................................................................2.9 1996................................................................2.9 1997................................................................3.2 1998................................................................3.4 If a facility has a cost reporting period beginning in a month after October 1, 1996, the intermediary increases the adjusted routine operating portion of the rate that otherwise apply to the SNF by the factor from Table IV of this notice that corresponds to the month and year in which the cost reporting period begins. Each factor represents the compounded monthly increase derived from the annual increase in the market basket index and is used to account for inflation in costs that occur after the date on which the prospective payment rates are effective. If a facility uses a cost reporting period that is not 12 months in duration, a special adjustment factor will be calculated. This is necessary because market basket increases are computed to the midpoint of a cost reporting period and the adjustment factors in Table IV of this notice are based on an assumed 12-month cost reporting period. For cost reporting periods of other than 12 months, the calculation is done for the midpoint of the specific cost reporting period. The SNF's intermediary obtains this adjustment factor from HCFA central office. C. Use of Wage Index to Adjust Labor-Related Cost We are continuing to use the hospital industry wage index to account for area [[Page 46469]] wage differences. We are continuing to apply the wage index to five categories of labor-related costs: wages, employee benefits, health service costs, business service costs, and other miscellaneous costs. The portion of labor-related costs remains at the level of 83.1 percent. In addition, the same wage index values and urban/rural designations, as shown in Tables V and VI of this notice, are to be applied to the labor-related portion of the prospectively determined payment rates in this notice. (These are the same wage index values and urban/rural designations shown in the October 7, 1992 cost limit notice and section 2828 of the Provider Reimbursement Manual.) D. Use of Classification System We will retain the classification system based on grouping SNFs by census regions and by urban or rural area designation within the region. As required by sections 1888(d)(3) and 1886(d)(2)(D) of the Act, the term ``region'' means one of the nine census divisions, comprising the fifty States and the District of Columbia, established by the Bureau of Census for statistical and reporting purposes. The term ``urban area'' means an area within a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), with exceptions for certain New England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs), as described in a notice published in the Federal Register on April 1, 1991 (56 FR 13319)). The term ``rural area'' means an area outside of an MSA. E. Use of OBRA 1987 and OSHA Per Diem Add-on Section 1861(v)(1)(E) of the Act provides for payment for costs incurred by SNFs in complying with the nursing home reform provisions specified in section 1819 of the Act, including the costs of conducting nurse aide training and competency evaluations (referred to as the OBRA 1987 nursing home reform). Since the cost report data used in this notice does not account for the costs of implementing the OBRA 1987 nursing home reform provisions, we will continue to provide a per diem add-on for these costs. In addition, we will continue to provide a per diem add-on for the costs associated with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) universal precaution requirements. A detailed description of the derivation of the per diem add-on is contained in section 2828 of the Provider Reimbursement Manual. The amount of the OBRA/OSHA per diem add-on to determine prospectively determined payment rates for cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1997 is $2.06. (For cost limit purposes, the per diem add-on is $2.20 for Federal fiscal year 1997.) F. Comparison of Provider's Prospective Payment Rate with Provider's Cost Limit Below is an example of the calculation of the prospectively determined payment rate for a provider including the comparison of the adjusted routine operating portion of the rate with the applicable routine operating cost limit applicable to the specific provider. The capital-related component of the rate is added to the lower of the SNF's specific cost limit or its adjusted routine operating portion of the rate to arrive at the provider's actual prospectively determined payment rate. Example: In this case, the adjusted cost limit is less than the adjusted routine operating portion of the rate for a freestanding SNF located in Providence, Rhode Island (MSA Region 1), with a cost reporting period beginning January 1, 1997. Therefore, the prospectively determined payment rate for this SNF is the adjusted cost limit plus the capital-related component of the rate ($126.12). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Labor- Non-labor Capital- related related related component component component ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limit (From Table III)................................................... $88.45 $18.99 ........... Rate (From Table I)...................................................... $116.46 $22.21 $10.00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calculation of Prospective Payment Rate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limit Rate Rate source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Labor-Related Component............................. $88.45 $116.46 (Table I). Wage Index.......................................... x 1.0630 x 1.0630 (Table V). Adjusted Labor Component............................ $94.02 $123.80 -- Non-Labor Component................................. $18.99 22.21 (Table I). OBRA/OSHA Per Diem Add-on........................... +$2.20 +$2.06 (Sec III.E). Adjusted Limit/Rate................................. $115.21 $148.07 -- Cost Reporting Year Adjustment Factor............... x 1.00796 x 1.00796 (Table IV). Applicable Limit and Operating Rate Portion......... $116.12 $149.25 -- Capital-Related Component........................... +10.00 -- (Table I). Prospectively Determined Payment Rate............... $126.12 -- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table I.--Prospective Rates--MSA Locations, Effective for Cost Reporting Periods Beginning in FY 1997 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Labor- Nonlabor- Capital- Region \1\ related related related ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. New England (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT).................................. $116.46 $22.21 $10.00 2. Middle Atlantic (PA, NJ, NY).......................................... 112.33 20.30 9.79 3. South Atlantic (DE, DC, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA, WV)................... 100.69 16.19 9.81 4. East North Central (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI)............................... 95.68 15.90 9.18 5. East South Central (AL, KY, MS, TN)................................... 96.25 14.16 7.32 6. West North Central (IA, KS, MN, MO, NB, ND, SD)....................... 102.64 17.05 10.23 7. West South Central (AR, LA, OK, TX)................................... 89.81 14.03 10.06 [[Page 46470]] 8. Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, WY)............................. 106.86 18.25 13.04 9. Pacific (AK, CA, HI, OR, WA).......................................... 97.24 19.93 8.40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ There are 16 MSAs that have counties in two or more regions. For each of these MSAs, the region in which a majority of the SNFs are located determines the regional rate that is paid as shown below. This is the same methodology as that used to implement the requirements of section 1886(d)(2)(D) of the Act as they apply to the hospital prospective payment. The MSAs are as follows: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ MSA Region ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Chattanooga, TN-GA............................................ 5 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN.......................................... 4 Columbus, GA-AL............................................... 3 Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, IA-IL........................... 4 Duluth-Superior, MN-WI........................................ 6 Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY................................... 4 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH.................................. 3 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA......................... 5 Louisville, KY-IN............................................. 5 Memphis, TN-AR-MS............................................. 5 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................................... 6 Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH................................... 3 St. Louis, MO-IL.............................................. 6 Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV................................... 4 Wheeling, WV-OH............................................... 3 Wilmington-Newark, DE-NJ-MD................................... 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table II.--Prospective Rates--Non-MSA Locations Effective for Cost Reporting Periods Beginning in FY 1997 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Labor- Nonlabor- Capital- Region related related related ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. New England (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT).................................. $125.72 $20.96 $10.58 2. Middle Atlantic (PA, NJ, NY).......................................... 117.44 16.86 7.94 3. South Atlantic (DE, DC, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA, WV)................... 111.02 15.09 9.19 4. East North Central (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI)............................... 104.72 14.62 8.28 5. East South Central (AL, KY, MS, TN)................................... 105.49 13.28 6.77 6. West North Central (IA, KS, MN, MO, NB, ND, SD)....................... 108.01 14.37 6.66 7. West South Central (AR, LA, OK, TX)................................... 102.51 13.03 9.22 8. Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, WY)............................. 107.03 15.69 8.36 9. Pacific (AK, CA, HI, OR, WA).......................................... 119.77 20.11 10.16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table III.--Routine Service Cost Limits in Effect for Cost Reporting Periods Beginning in Federal Fiscal Year 1997 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Labor- Non-labor- Provider type/location related related OBRA/OSHA component component add-ons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Freestanding: ........... ........... $2.20 MSA.................................................................. $88.45 $18.99 Non-MSA.............................................................. 89.81 15.16 Hospital based: ........... ........... 2.20 MSA limit............................................................ 124.76 26.45 Non-MSA limit........................................................ 114.31 19.01 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [[Page 46471]] Table IV.--Cost Reporting Year Adjustment Factors \1\ Effective for Cost Reporting Periods Beginning in FY 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The If an SNF cost reporting period begins: adjustment factor is: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ November 1, 1996............................................ 1.00268 December 1, 1996............................................ 1.00528 January 1, 1997............................................. 1.00796 February 1, 1997............................................ 1.01083 March 1, 1997............................................... 1.01343 April 1, 1997............................................... 1.01631 May 1, 1997................................................. 1.01910 June 1, 1997................................................ 1.02200 July 1, 1997................................................ 1.02481 August 1, 1997.............................................. 1.02773 September 1, 1997........................................... 1.03066 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Based on compounded actual market basket inflation rates of 3.70 percent for 1993, 3.40 percent for 1994 and projected rates of 2.90 percent for 1995, 2.90 percent for 1996, 3.20 percent for 1997, and 3.40 percent for 1998. Table V--Wage Index for Urban Areas ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wage Urban area (constituent counties or county equivalents) index ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abilene TX................................................... 0.9220 Taylor, TX Aguadilla, PR................................................ 0.4568 Aguada, PR Aguadilla, PR Isabella, PR Moca, PR Akron, OH.................................................... 0.9493 Portage, OH Summit, OH Albany, GA................................................... 0.8050 Dougherty, GA Lee, GA Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY.................................. 0.8922 Albany, NY Greene, NY Montgomery, NY Rensselaer, NY Saratoga, NY Schenectady, NY Albuquerque, NM.............................................. 1.0123 Bernalillo, NM Alexandria, LA............................................... 0.8275 Rapides, LA Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ................................... 0.9857 Warren, NJ Carbon, PA Lehigh, PA Northampton, PA Altoona, PA.................................................. 0.9238 Blair, PA Amarillo, TX................................................. 0.8739 Potter, TX Randall, TX Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA........................................ 1.2130 Orange, CA Anchorage, AK................................................ 1.4176 Anchorage, AK Anderson, IN................................................. 0.9583 Madison, IN Anderson, SC................................................. 0.7258 Anderson, SC Ann Arbor, MI................................................ 1.1384 Washtenaw, MI Anniston, AL................................................. 0.7931 Calhoun, AL Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI.................................. 0.9179 Calumet, WI Outagamie, WI Winnebago, WI Arecibo, PR.................................................. 0.3953 Arecibo, PR Camuy, PR Hatillo, PR Quebradillas, PR Asheville, NC................................................ 0.8739 Buncombe, NC Athens, GA................................................... 0.8209 Clarke, GA Jackson, GA Madison, GA Oconee, GA Atlanta, GA.................................................. 0.9596 Barrow, GA Butts, GA Cherokee, GA Clayton, GA Cobb, GA Coweta, GA De Kalb, GA Douglas, GA Fayette, GA Forsyth, GA Fulton, GA Gwinnett, GA Henry, GA Newton, GA Paulding, GA Rockdale, GA Spalding, GA Walton, GA Atlantic City, NJ............................................ 1.0507 Atlantic City , NJ Cape May, NJ Augusta, GA-SC............................................... 0.9401 Columbia, GA McDuffie, GA Richmond, GA Aiken, SC Aurora-Elgin, IL............................................. 0.9665 Kane, IL Kendall, IL Austin, TX................................................... 0.9599 Hays, TX Travis, TX Williamson, TX Bakersfield, CA.............................................. 1.0868 Kern, CA Baltimore, MD................................................ 1.0156 Anne Arundel, MD Baltimore, MD Baltimore City, MD Carroll, MD Harford, MD Howard, MD Queen Annes, MD Bangor, ME................................................... 0.9064 Penobscot, ME Baton Rouge, LA.............................................. 0.9089 Ascension, LA East Baton Rouge, LA Livingston, LA West Baton Rouge, LA Battle Creek, MI............................................. 0.9465 Calhoun, MI Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX..................................... 0.9604 Hardin, TX Jefferson, TX Orange, TX Beaver County, PA............................................ 1.0165 Beaver, PA Bellingham, WA............................................... 1.0497 Whatcom, WA Benton Harbor, MI............................................ 0.8406 Berrien, MI Bergen-Passaic, NJ........................................... 1.0295 Bergen, NJ Passaic, NJ Billings, MT................................................. 0.9325 Yellowstone, MT Biloxi-Gulfport, MS.......................................... 0.8062 Hancock, MS Harrison, MS Binghamton, NY............................................... 0.9260 Broome, NY Tioga, NY Birmingham, AL............................................... 0.8769 Blount, AL Jefferson, AL Saint Clair, AL Shelby, AL Walker, AL Bismarck, ND................................................. 0.8812 Burleigh, ND Morton, ND Bloomington, IN.............................................. 0.8639 Monroe, IN Bloomington-Normal, IL....................................... 0.8658 McLean, IL Boise City, ID............................................... 0.9757 Ada, ID Boston-Lawrence-Salem-Lowell-Brockton, MA.................... 1.1809 Essex, MA Middlesex, MA Norfolk, MA Plymouth, MA Suffolk, MA Boulder-Longmont, CO......................................... 1.0149 Boulder, CO Bradenton, FL................................................ 0.9262 Manatee, FL Brazoria, TX................................................. 0.9314 Brazoria, TX Bremerton, WA................................................ 0.9535 Kitsap, WA Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury.......................... 1.2032 Fairfield, CT Brownsville-Harlingen, TX.................................... 0.8601 Cameron, TX Bryan-College Station, TX.................................... 0.9489 Brazos, TX Buffalo, NY.................................................. 0.8908 Erie, NY Burlington, NC............................................... 0.7986 Alamance, NC Burlington, VT............................................... 0.9358 [[Page 46472]] Chittenden, VT Grand Isle, VT Caguas, PR................................................... 0.4479 Caguas, PR Gurabo, PR San Lorenz, PR Aguas Buenas, PR Cayey, PR Cidra, PR Canton, OH................................................... 0.8811 Carroll, OH Stark, OH Casper, WY................................................... 0.8891 Natrona, WY Cedar Rapids, IA............................................. 0.8907 Linn, IA Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL................................. 0.8745 Champaign, IL Charleston, SC............................................... 0.8331 Berkeley, SC Charleston, SC Dorchester, SC Charleston, WV............................................... 0.9692 Kanawha, WV Putnam, WV Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC.......................... 0.9486 Cabarrus, NC Gaston, NC Lincoln, NC Mecklenburg, NC Rowan, NC Union, NC York, SC Charlottesville, VA.......................................... 0.9615 Albermarle, VA Charlottesville City, VA Fluvanna, VA Greene, VA Chattanooga, TN-GA........................................... 0.9198 Catoosa, GA Dade, GA Walker, GA Hamilton, TN Marion, TN Sequatchie, TN Cheyenne, WY................................................. 0.7908 Laramie, WY Chicago, IL.................................................. 1.0518 Cook, IL Du Page, IL McHenry, IL Chico, CA.................................................... 1.0981 Butte, CA Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN......................................... 0.9821 Dearborn, IN Boone, KY Campbell, KY Kenton, KY Clermont, OH Hamilton, OH Warren, OH Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY.............................. 0.7319 Christian, KY Montgomery, TN Cleveland, OH................................................ 1.0739 Cuyahoga, OH Geauga, OH Lake, OH Medina, OH Colorado Springs, CO......................................... 0.9816 El Paso, CO Columbia, MO................................................. 0.9506 Boone, MO Columbia, SC................................................. 0.8940 Lexington, SC Richland, SC Columbus, GA-AL.............................................. 0.7482 Russell, AL Chattanoochee, GA Muscogee, GA Columbus, OH................................................. 0.9673 Delaware, OH Fairfield, OH Franklin, OH Licking, OH Madison, OH Pickaway, OH Union, OH Corpus Christi, TX........................................... 0.8594 Nueces, TX San Patricio, TX Cumberland, MD-WV............................................ 0.8188 Allegany, MD Mineral, WV Dallas, TX................................................... 0.9638 Collin, TX Dallas, TX Denton, TX Ellis, TX Kaufman, TX Rockwall, TX Danville, VA................................................. 0.7506 Danville City, VA Pittsylvania, VA Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, IA-IL.......................... 0.8471 Scott, IA Henry, IL Rock Island, IL Dayton-Springfield, OH....................................... 0.9664 Clark, OH Greene, OH Miami, OH Montgomery, OH Daytona Beach, FL............................................ 0.8943 Volusia, FL Decatur, AL.................................................. 0.7487 Lawrence, AL Morgan, AL Decatur, IL.................................................. 0.8286 Macon, IL Denver, CO................................................... 1.0758 Adams, CO Arapahoe, CO Denver, CO Douglas, CO Jefferson, CO Des Moines, IA............................................... 0.9171 Dallas, IA Polk, IA Warren, IA Detroit, MI.................................................. 1.0824 Lapeer, MI Livingston, MI Macomb, MI Monroe, MI Oakland, MI Saint Clair, MI Wayne, MI Dothan, AL................................................... 0.7555 Dale, AL Houston, AL Dubuque, IA.................................................. 0.8374 Dubuque, IA Duluth, MN-WI................................................ 0.9517 St. Louis, MN Douglas, WI Eau Claire, WI............................................... 0.8478 Chippewa, WI Eau Claire, WI El Paso, TX.................................................. 0.8714 El Paso, TX Elkhart-Goshen, IN........................................... 0.8949 Elkhart, IN Elmira, NY................................................... 0.8810 Chemung, NY Enid, OK..................................................... 0.8912 Garfield, OK Erie, PA..................................................... 0.9155 Erie, PA Eugene-Springfield, OR....................................... 1.0164 Lane, OR Evansville, IN-KY............................................ 0.9276 Posey, IN Vanderburgh, IN Warrick, IN Henderson, KY Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN........................................ 0.9707 Clay, MN Cass, ND Fayetteville, NC............................................. 0.8296 Cumberland, NC Fayetteville-Springdale, AR.................................. 0.7990 Washington, AR Flint, MI.................................................... 1.1544 Genesee, MI Florence, AL................................................. 0.7679 Colbert, AL Lauderdale, AL Florence, SC................................................. 0.8429 Florence, SC Fort Collins-Loveland, CO.................................... 1.0238 Larimor, CO Ft Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL.................... 1.0356 Broward, FL Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL.................................... 0.9799 Lee, FL Fort Pierce, FL.............................................. 1.1041 Martin, FL St. Lucie, FL Fort Smith, AR-OK............................................ 0.7931 Crawford, AR Sebastian, AR Sequoyah, OK Fort Walton Beach, FL........................................ 0.8916 Okaloosa, FL Fort Wayne, IN............................................... 0.8901 Allen, IN De Kalb, IN Whitley, IN Forth Worth-Arlington, TX.................................... 0.9747 [[Page 46473]] Johnson, TX Parker, TX Tarrant, TX Fresno, CA................................................... 1.0737 Fresno, CA Gadsden, AL.................................................. 0.8199 Etowah, AL Gainesville, FL.............................................. 0.8798 Alachua, FL Bradford, FL Galveston-Texas City, TX..................................... 0.9431 Galveston, TX Gary-Hammond, IN............................................. 0.9866 Lake, IN Porter, IN Glens Falls, NY.............................................. 0.9231 Warren, NY Washington, NY Grand Forks, ND.............................................. 0.9577 Grand Forks, ND Grand Rapids, MI............................................. 0.9883 Kent, MI Ottawa, MI Great Falls, MT.............................................. 0.9992 Cascade, MT Greeley, CO.................................................. 0.9358 Weld, CO Green Bay, WI................................................ 0.9585 Brown, WI Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC...................... 0.9165 Davidson, NC Davie, NC Forsyth, NC Guilford, NC Randolph, NC Stokes, NC Yadkin, NC Greenville-Spartanburg, SC................................... 0.8923 Greenville, SC Pickens, SC Spartanburg, SC Hagerstown, MD............................................... 0.9157 Washington, MD Hamilton-Middletown, OH...................................... 0.9384 Butler, OH Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA.............................. 0.9919 Cumberland, PA Dauphin, PA Lebanon, PA Perry, PA Hartford-Middletown-New Britain-Bristol, CT.................. 1.1916 Hartford, CT Litchfield, CT Middlesex, CT Tolland, CT Hickory, NC.................................................. 0.8741 Alexander, NC Burke, NC Catawba, NC Honolulu, HI................................................. 1.1580 Honolulu, HI Houma-Thibodaux, LA.......................................... 0.7344 Lafourche, LA Terrebonne, LA Houston, TX.................................................. 0.9935 Fort Bend, TX Harris, TX Liberty, TX Montgomery, TX Waller, TX Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH................................. 0.9438 Boyd, KY Carter, KY Greenup, KY Lawrence, OH Cabell, WV Wayne, WV Huntsville, AL............................................... 0.8835 Madison, AL Indianapolis, IN............................................. 0.9663 Boone, IN Hamilton, IN Hancock, IN Hendricks, IN Johnson, IN Marion, IN Morgan, IN Shelby, IN Iowa City, IA................................................ 0.9528 Johnson, IA Jackson, MI.................................................. 0.9664 Jackson, MI Jackson, MS.................................................. 0.7733 Hinds, MS Madison, MS Rankin, MS Jackson, TN.................................................. 0.7910 Madison, TN Jacksonville, FL............................................. 0.9051 Clay, FL Duval, FL Nassau, FL St. Johns, FL Jacksonville, NC............................................. 0.7154 Onslow, NC Jamestown-Dunkirk, NY........................................ 0.7735 Chautaqua, NY Janesville-Beloit, WI........................................ 0.8466 Rock, WI Jersey City, NJ.............................................. 1.0526 Hudson, NJ Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA........................ 0.8668 Carter, TN Hawkins, TN Sullivan, TN Unicoi, TN Washington, TN Bristol City, VA Scott, VA Washington, VA Johnstown, PA................................................ 0.9067 Cambria, PA Somerset, PA Joliet, IL................................................... 1.0278 Grundy, IL Will, IL Joplin, MO................................................... 0.7957 Jasper, MO Newton, MO Kalamazoo, MI................................................ 1.1709 Kalamazoo, MI Kankakee, IL................................................. 0.8489 Kankakee, IL Kansas City, KS-MO........................................... 0.9588 Johnson, KS Leavenworth, KS Miami, KS Wyandotte, KS Cass, MO Clay, MO Jackson, MO Lafayette, MO Platte, MO Ray, MO Kenosha, WI.................................................. 0.8855 Kenosha, WI Killeen-Temple, TX........................................... 1.1295 Bell, TX Coryell, TX Knoxville, TN................................................ 0.8693 Anderson, TN Blount, TN Grainger, TN Jefferson, TN Knox, TN Sevier, TN Union, TN Kokomo, IN................................................... 0.9435 Howard, IN Tipton, IN LaCrosse, WI................................................. 0.8956 LaCrosse, WI Lafayette, LA................................................ 0.8227 Lafayette, LA St. Martin, LA Lafayette, IN................................................ 0.8432 Tippecanoe, IN Lake Charles, LA............................................. 0.8374 Calcasieu, LA Lake County, IL.............................................. 0.9994 Lake, IL Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL.................................... 0.8171 Polk, FL Lancaster, PA................................................ 0.9258 Lancaster, PA Lansing-East Lansing, MI..................................... 1.0222 Clinton, MI Eaton, MI Ingham, MI Laredo, TX................................................... 0.7278 Webb, TX Las Cruces, NM............................................... 0.7909 Dona Ana, NM Las Vegas, NV................................................ 1.0631 Clark, NV Lawrence, KS................................................. 0.8937 Douglas, KS Lawton, OK................................................... 0.8388 Comanche, OK Lewiston-Auburn, ME.......................................... 0.9057 Androscoggin, ME Lexington-Fayette, KY........................................ 0.8446 Bourbon, KY Clark, KY Fayette, KY Jessamine, KY Scott, KY Woodford, KY Lima, OH..................................................... 0.8062 Allen, OH Auglaize, OH Lincoln, NE.................................................. 0.8956 Lancaster, NE Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR............................ 0.8420 [[Page 46474]] Faulkner, AR Lonoke, AR Pulaski, AR Saline, AR Longview-Marshall, TX........................................ 0.8691 Gregg, TX Harrison, TX Lorain-Elyria, OH............................................ 0.8969 Lorain, OH Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA................................... 1.2354 Los Angeles, CA Louisville, KY-IN............................................ 0.9092 Clark, IN Floyd, IN Harrison, IN Bullitt, KY Jefferson, KY Oldham, KY Shelby, KY Lubbock, TX.................................................. 0.8790 Lubbock, TX Lynchburg, VA................................................ 0.8544 Amherst, VA Campbell, VA Lynchburg City, VA Macon-Warner Robins, GA...................................... 0.8804 Bibb, GA Huston, GA Jones, GA Peach, GA Madison, WI.................................................. 1.0311 Dane, WI Manchester-Nashua, NH........................................ 1.0261 Hillsborough, NH Merrimack, NH Mansfield, OH................................................ 0.8392 Richland, OH Mayaguez, PR................................................. 0.4771 Anasco, PR Cabo Rojo, PR Hormigueros, PR Mayaguez, PR San German, PR McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX................................. 0.7715 Hidalgo, TX Medford, OR.................................................. 1.0045 Jackson, OR Melbourne-Titusville Fl...................................... 0.9199 Brevard, Fl Memphis, TN-AR-MS............................................ 0.9060 Crittenden, AR De Soto, MS Shelby, TN Tipton, TN Merced, CA................................................... 1.0312 Merced, CA Miami-Hialeah, FL............................................ 1.0188 Dade, FL Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ............................. 1.0401 Hunterdon, NJ Middlesex, NJ Somerset, NJ Midland, TX.................................................. 1.0377 Midland, TX Milwaukee, WI................................................ 0.9719 Milwaukee, WI Ozaukee, WI Washington, WI Waukesha, WI Minneapolis-St Paul, MN-WI................................... 1.0818 Anoka, MN Carver, MN Chisago, MN Dakota, MN Hennepin, MN Isanti, MN Ramsey, MN Scott, MN Washington, MN Wright, MN St. Croix, WI Mobile, AL................................................... 0.8319 Baldwin, AL Mobile, AL Modesto, CA.................................................. 1.1577 Stanislaus, CA Monmouth-Ocean, NJ........................................... 0.9900 Monmouth, NJ Ocean, NJ Monroe, LA................................................... 0.7864 Ouachita, LA Montgomery, AL............................................... 0.7738 Autauga, AL Elmore, AL Montgomery, AL Muncie, IN................................................... 0.8068 Delaware, IN Muskegon, MI................................................. 0.9568 Muskegon, MI Naples, FL................................................... 1.0324 Collier, FL Nashville, TN................................................ 0.9397 Cheatham, TN Davidson, TN Dickson, TN Robertson, TN Rutherford TN Sumner, TN Williamson, TN Wilson, TN Nassau-Suffolk, NY........................................... 1.2938 Nassau, NY Suffolk, NY New Bedford-Fall River-Attleboro, MA......................... 1.0002 Bristol, MA New Haven Waterbury-Meriden, CT.............................. 1.2095 New Haven, CT New London, London-Norwich................................... 1.1571 New London, CT New Orleans, LA.............................................. 0.8908 Jefferson, LA Orleans, LA St. Bernard, LA St. Charles, LA St. John The Baptist, LA St. Tammany, LA New York, NY................................................. 1.3460 Bronx, NY Kings, NY New York City, NY Putnam, NY Queens, NY Richmond, NY Rockland, NY Westchester, NY Newark, NJ................................................... 1.1232 Essex, NJ Morris, NJ Sussex, NJ Union, NJ Niagara Falls, NY............................................ 0.8382 Niagara, NY Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA...................... 0.8515 Chesapeake City, VA Gloucester, VA Hampton City, VA James City Co., VA Newport News City, VA Norfolk City, VA Poquoson, VA Portsmouth City, VA Suffolk City, VA Virginia Beach City, VA Williamsburg City, VA York, VA Oakland, CA.................................................. 1.4283 Alameda, CA Contra Costa, CA Ocala, FL.................................................... 0.8614 Marion, FL Odessa, TX................................................... 1.0817 Ector, TX Oklahoma City, OK............................................ 0.9145 Canadian, OK Cleveland, OK Logan, OK McClain, OK Oklahoma, OK Pottawatomie, OK Olympia, WA.................................................. 1.1002 Thurston, WA Omaha, NE-IA................................................. 0.8989 Pottawattamie, IA Douglas, NE Sarpy, NE Washington, NE Orange, County, NY........................................... 0.9653 Orange, NY Orlando, FL.................................................. 0.9621 Orange, FL Osceola, FL Seminole, FL Owensboro, KY................................................ 0.8114 Daviess, KY Oxnard-Ventura, CA........................................... 1.2309 Ventura, CA Panama City, FL.............................................. 0.8632 Bay, FL Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH.................................. 0.8540 Washington, OH Wood, WV Pascagoula, MS............................................... 0.8755 Jackson, MS Pensacola, FL................................................ 0.8623 [[Page 46475]] Escambia, FL Santa Rosa, FL Peoria, IL................................................... 0.8710 Peoria, IL Tazewell, IL Woodford, IL Philadelphia, PA-NJ.......................................... 1.0952 Burlington, NJ Camden, NJ Gloucester, NJ Bucks, PA Chester, PA Delaware, PA Montgomery, PA Philadelphia, PA Phoenix, AZ.................................................. 1.0429 Maricopa, AZ Pine Bluff, AR............................................... 0.7872 Jefferson, AR Pittsburgh, PA............................................... 1.0127 Allegheny, PA Fayette, PA Washington, PA Westmoreland, PA ......... Pittsfield, MA............................................... 1.0782 Berkshire, MA Ponce, PR.................................................... 0.4601 Juana Diaz, PR Ponce, PR Portland, ME................................................. 0.9292 Cumberland, ME Sagadahoc, ME York, ME Portland, OR................................................. 1.1576 Clackamas, OR Multnomah, OR Washington, OR Yamhill, OR Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, NH............................... 1.0080 Rockingham, NH Strafford, NH Poughkeepsie, NY............................................. 1.0447 Dutchess, NY Providence-Pawtucket-Woonsocket, RI.......................... 1.0630 Bristol, RI Kent, RI Newport, RI Providence, RI Washington, RI Provo-Orem, UT............................................... 1.0230 Utah, UT Pueblo, CO................................................... 0.8722 Pueblo, CO Racine, WI................................................... 0.8849 Racine, WI Raleigh-Durham, NC........................................... 0.9465 Durham, NC Franklin, NC Orange, NC Wake, NC Rapid City, SD............................................... 0.8400 Pennington, SD Reading, PA.................................................. 0.8814 Berks, PA Redding, CA.................................................. 1.0549 Shasta, CA Reno, NV..................................................... 1.1618 Washoe, NV Richland-Kennewick, WA....................................... 0.9402 Benton, WA Franklin, WA Richmond-Petersburg, VA...................................... 0.9417 Charles City Co., VA Chesterfield, VA Colonial Heights City, VA Dinwiddie, VA Goochland, VA Hanover, VA Henrico, VA Hopewell City, VA New Kent, VA Petersburg City, VA Powhatan, VA Prince George, VA Richmond City, VA Riverside-San Bernardino, CA................................. 1.1160 Riverside, CA San Bernardino, CA Roanoke, VA.................................................. 0.8284 Botetourt, VA Roanoke, VA Roanoke City, VA Salem City, VA Rochester, MN................................................ 1.1030 Olmsted, MN Rochester, NY................................................ 0.9710 Livingston, NY Monroe, NY Ontario, NY Orleans, NY Wayne, NY Rockford, IL................................................. 0.9283 Boone, IL Winnebago, IL Sacramento, CA............................................... 1.2232 Eldorado, CA Placer, CA Sacramento, CA Yolo, CA Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI................................. 1.0451 Bay, MI Midland, MI Saginaw, MI St. Cloud, MN................................................ 0.9420 Benton, MN Sherburne, MN Stearns, MN St. Joseph, MO............................................... 0.9414 Buchanan, MO St. Louis, MO-IL............................................. 0.9388 Clinton, IL Jersey, IL Madison, IL Monroe, IL St. Clair, IL Franklin, MO Jefferson, MO St. Charles, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis City, MO Sullivan City, MO Salem, OR.................................................... 1.0445 Marion, OR Polk, OR Salinas-Seaside-Monterey, CA................................. 1.3041 Monterey, CA Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT..................................... 0.9932 Davis, UT Salt Lake, UT Weber, UT San Angelo, TX............................................... 0.8139 Tom Green, TX San Antonio, TX.............................................. 0.8452 Bexar, TX Comal, TX Guadalupe, TX San Diego, CA................................................ 1.1934 San Diego, CA San Francisco, CA............................................ 1.4539 Marin, CA San Francisco, CA San Mateo, CA San Jose, CA................................................. 1.4900 Santa Clara, CA San Juan, PR................................................. 0.4987 Barcelona, PR Bayoman, PR Canovanas, PR Carolina, PR Catano, PR Corozal, PR Dorado, PR Fajardo, PR Florida, PR Guaynabo, PR Humacao, PR Juncos, PR Los Piedras, PR Loiza, PR Luguillo, PR Manati, PR Naranjito, PR Rio Grande, PR San Juan, PR Toa Alta, PR Toa Baja, PR Trojillo Alto, PR Vega Alta, PR Vega Baja, PR Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA......................... 1.1768 Santa Barbara, CA Santa Cruz, CA............................................... 1.2784 Santa Cruz, CA Santa Fe, NM................................................. 0.9139 Los Alamos, NM Santa Fe, NM Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA...................................... 1.2957 Sonoma, CA Sarasota, FL................................................. 0.9781 Sarasota, FL Savannah, GA................................................. 0.8327 Chatham, GA Effingham, GA Scranton, Wilkes Barre, PA................................... 0.8952 Columbia, PA Lackawanna, PA Luzerne, PA Monroe, PA Wyoming, PA Seattle, WA.................................................. 1.0871 King, WA Snohomish, WA Sharon, PA................................................... 0.9061 Mercer, PA Sheboygan, WI................................................ 0.8872 [[Page 46476]] Sheboygan, WI Sherman-Denison, TX.......................................... 0.9089 Grayson, TX Shreveport, LA............................................... 0.9299 Bossier, LA Caddo, LA Sioux City, IA-NE............................................ 0.8504 Woodbury, IA Dakota, NE Sioux Falls, SD.............................................. 0.8833 Minnehaha, SD South Bend-Mishawaka, IN..................................... 1.0067 St. Joseph, IN Spokane, WA.................................................. 1.0691 Spokane, WA Springfield, IL.............................................. 0.9295 Menard, IL Sangamon, IL Springfield, MO.............................................. 0.8082 Christian, MO Greene, MO Springfield, MA.............................................. 1.0316 Hampden, MA Hampshire, MA State College, PA............................................ 0.9901 Centre, PA Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV.................................. 0.8712 Jefferson, OH Brooke, WV Hancock, WV Stockton, CA................................................. 1.1612 San Joaquin, CA Syracuse, NY................................................. 0.9917 Madison, NY Onondaga, NY Oswego, NY Tacoma, WA................................................... 1.0317 Pierce, WA Tallahassee, FL.............................................. 0.9220 Gadsden, FL Leon, FL Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL.......................... 0.9188 Hernando, FL Hillsborough, FL Pasco, FL Pinellas, FL Terre Haute, IN.............................................. 0.8758 Clay, IN Vigo, IN Texarkana, TX-AR............................................. 0.7892 Miller, AR Bowie, TX Toledo, OH................................................... 1.0097 Fulton, OH Lucas, OH Wood, OH Topeka, KS................................................... 0.9302 Shawnee, KS Trenton, NJ.................................................. 1.0038 Mercer, NJ Tucson, AZ................................................... 0.9591 Pima, AZ Tulsa, OK.................................................... 0.8532 Creeks, OK Osage, OK Rogers, OK Tulsa, OK Wagoner, OK Tuscaloosa, AL............................................... 0.8521 Tuscaloosa, AL Tyler, TX.................................................... 0.9838 Smith, TX Utica-Rome, NY............................................... 0.8512 Herkimer, NY Oneida, NY Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA................................... 1.3203 Napa, CA Solano, CA Vancouver, WA................................................ 1.0798 Clark, WA Victoria, TX................................................. 0.8994 Victoria, TX Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ............................. 0.9760 Cumberland, NJ Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA............................... 1.0392 Tulare, CA Waco, TX..................................................... 0.7814 McLennan, TX Washington, DC-MD-VA......................................... 1.0941 District of Columbia, DC Calvert, MD Charles, MD Frederick, MD Montgomery, MD Prince Georges, MD Alexandria City, VA Arlington, VA Fairfax, VA Fairfax City, VA Falls Church City, VA Loudoun, VA Manassas City, VA Manassas Park City, VA Prince William, VA Stafford, VA Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA..................................... 0.8642 Black Hawk, IA Bremer, IA Wausau, WI................................................... 0.9748 Marathon, WI West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL.................. 1.0135 Palm Beach, FL Wheeling, WV-OH.............................................. 0.8067 Belmont, OH Marshall, WV Ohio, WV Wichita, KS.................................................. 0.9809 Butler, KS Harvey, KS Sedgwick, KS Wichita Falls, TX............................................ 0.8172 Wichita, TX Williamsport, PA............................................. 0.8864 Lycoming, PA Wilmington, DE-NJ-MD......................................... 1.0869 New Castle, DE Cecil, MD Salem, NJ Wilmington, NC............................................... 0.8712 New Hanover, NC Worcester-Fitchburg-Leominster, MA........................... 1.0826 Worcester, MA Yakima, WA................................................... 1.0111 Yakima, WA York, PA..................................................... 0.9021 Adams, PA York, PA Youngstown-Warren, OH........................................ 0.9866 Mahoning, OH Trumbull, OH Yuba City, CA................................................ 1.0167 Sutter, CA Yuba, CA Yuma, AZ..................................................... 0.8885 Yuma, AZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table VI.--Wage Index for Rural Areas ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wage Non-urban areas index ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ALABAMA...................................................... 0.7121 ALASKA....................................................... 1.3426 ARIZONA...................................................... 0.8747 ARKANSAS..................................................... 0.6966 CALIFORNIA................................................... 1.0142 COLORADO..................................................... 0.8415 CONNECTICUT.................................................. 1.1905 DELAWARE..................................................... 0.8572 FLORIDA...................................................... 0.8730 GEORGIA...................................................... 0.7767 HAWAII....................................................... 0.9618 IDAHO........................................................ 0.8953 ILLINOIS..................................................... 0.7700 INDIANA...................................................... 0.7806 IOWA......................................................... 0.7532 KANSAS....................................................... 0.7446 KENTUCKY..................................................... 0.7793 LOUISIANA.................................................... 0.7384 MAINE........................................................ 0.8328 MARYLAND..................................................... 0.8061 MASSACHUSETTS................................................ 1.1654 MICHIGAN..................................................... 0.8826 MINNESOTA.................................................... 0.8309 MISSISSIPPI.................................................. 0.6957 MISSOURI..................................................... 0.7249 MONTANA...................................................... 0.8255 NEBRASKA..................................................... 0.6995 NEVADA....................................................... 0.9702 NEW HAMPSHIRE................................................ 0.9547 NEW JERSEY................................................... (\1\) NEW MEXICO................................................... 0.8318 NEW YORK..................................................... 0.8402 NORTH CAROLINA............................................... 0.7936 NORTH DAKOTA................................................. 0.7719 OHIO......................................................... 0.8453 OKLAHOMA..................................................... 0.7400 OREGON....................................................... 0.9607 PENNSYLVANIA................................................. 0.8613 PUERTO RICO.................................................. \2\ 0.433 3 RHODE ISLAND................................................. (\1\) SOUTH CAROLINA............................................... 0.7650 SOUTH DAKOTA................................................. 0.7168 TENNESSEE.................................................... 0.7340 TEXAS........................................................ 0.7591 UTAH......................................................... 0.8983 VERMONT...................................................... 0.9035 VIRGINIA..................................................... 0.7815 VIRGIN ISLANDS............................................... \2\ 0.573 4 WASHINGTON................................................... 0.9635 WEST VIRGINIA................................................ 0.8488 WISCONSIN.................................................... 0.8447 [[Page 46477]] WYOMING...................................................... 0.8457 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ All counties within State are classified urban. \2\ Approximate value for area. V. Impact Statement For notices such as this, we generally prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis that is consistent with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 through 612) unless we certify that a notice will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. For purposes of the RFA, all SNFs are considered to be small entities. Individuals and States are not included in the definition of a small entity. The purpose of the July 21, 1995 final rule was to allow SNFs that provide fewer than 1,500 days of care to Medicare beneficiaries in a cost reporting period to have the option of receiving prospectively determined payment rates in the following cost reporting period. In our analysis of the impact of the July 21 final rule (60 FR 37593), we noted that Medicare payments to SNFs constitute only about 5.3 percent of total SNF revenues and indicated that the rule would have only a small impact on those revenues. We estimate that the prospectively determined payment rates contained in this notice will result in a cost to the Medicare program of $10 to $20 million for FY 1997. These costs represent the difference between estimated aggregate payments to SNFs that elect to be paid under the prospectively determined payment rates and estimated aggregate payments to the same SNFs if paid on a reasonable cost basis under the routine SNF cost limits. Thus, we continue to believe that this optional payment system will have a positive impact on small entities, while easing their cost reporting burden. In addition, section 1102(b) of the Act requires us to prepare a regulatory impact analysis if a final notice such as this may have a significant impact on the operations of a substantial number of small rural hospitals. Such an analysis must conform to the provisions of section 604 of the RFA. For purposes of section 1102(b) of the Act, we define a small rural hospital as a hospital that is located outside of a Metropolitan Statistical Area and has fewer than 50 beds. We are not preparing analyses for either the RFA or section 1102(b) of the Act because we have determined, and we certify, that this final notice will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities or a significant impact on the operations of a substantial number of small rural hospitals. In accordance with the provisions of Executive Order 12866, this final notice was reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget. Under the provisions of Public Law 104-121, we have determined that this notice is not a major rule. VI. Other Required Information A. Collection of Information Requirements This final notice with comment period does not impose information collection and recordkeeping requirements. Consequently, it need not be reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget under the authority of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). B. Waiver of Proposed Notice and 30-Day Delay in the Effective Date In adopting notices such as this, we ordinarily publish a proposed notice in the Federal Register with a 60-day period for public comment as required under section 1871(b)(1) of the Act. We also normally provide a delay of 30 days in the effective date for documents such as this. However, we may waive these procedures if we find good cause that prior notice and comment or a delay in the effective date are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest. As discussed in section II of this notice, we have used the same basic methodology to develop this schedule of rates that was used in setting the rates published in section 2828 of the Provider Reimbursement Manual for cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1993. As discussed above, section 13503(b) of OBRA 1993 delayed the update to the schedule of prospectively determined payment rates until Federal fiscal year 1996. However, the delay in passing the proposed Federal fiscal year 1996 budget legislation, which contained provisions affecting the Federal fiscal year 1996 and Federal fiscal year 1997 prospectively determined payment rates, resulted in a delay in publishing updated Federal fiscal year 1996 rates. Regardless of that delay and in conformance with the clear direction of section 1888(d) of the Act and Sec. 413.320, this notice announces the update to the schedule of prospectively determined payment rates for SNF inpatient service costs for cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1997. However, given the publishing time constraints mandated in Sec. 413.320, it would not have been possible to publish a proposed notice and still implement the updated prospectively determined payment rates set forth in this notice. To do so would have been impractical, unnecessary, and contrary to the public interest. Therefore, we find good cause to waive publication of a proposed notice and the 30-day delay in the effective date of this notice with comment period. However, we are providing a 60-day period for public comment, as indicated at the beginning of this notice. C. Response to Comments Because of the large number of items of correspondence we normally receive on Federal Register documents published for comment, we are not able to acknowledge or respond to them individually. We will consider all comments we receive by the date and time specified in the DATES section of this notice, and, if we proceed with a subsequent document, we will respond to the comments in that document. Appendix.--Derivation of ``Market Basket'' Index for SNF Routine Service Costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Relative Category of costs \1\ Price variable used \2\ importance ---------------------------------------1993--------------------------------------------------------------------- Payroll Expense.................. 64.0 Percentage changes in average hourly earnings of employees in nursing and personal care facility. (SIC 805) Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (monthly). Table C-2. [[Page 46478]] Employee Benefits................ 7.8 Supplements to wages and salaries per worker in nonagricultural establishments. For supplements to wages. Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business. Table 1.11. For total employment. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (monthly). Table B-4. Food............................. 7.6 Processed foods and feeds component of producer price index. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Table 23. Food and beverage component of Consumer Price Index, all urban. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Table 22. Other business services.......... 5.1 Services component of Consumer Price Index, all urban. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Table 23. Fuel and other utilities......... 4.0 A. Implicit price deflator-consumption of fuel oil and coal (derived from fuel oil component of Consumer Price Index). Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business (monthly), Table 7.11. B. Implicit price deflator-consumer of electricity (derived from electricity component of Consumer Price Index). Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. C. Implicit price deflator for natural gas (derived from utility (piped) gas component of Consumer Price Index). Source: Same as electricity above. D. Water and sewage maintenance component of the Consumer Price Index. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Table 23. Supplies......................... 3.1 All Item Consumer Price Index, all urban. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Table 23. Drugs............................ 2.2 Pharmaceutical preparations, ethical component of producer price index. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Prices and Price Indexes (monthly), Table 6. Health services.................. 1.6 Physician services component of Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Table 23. Miscellaneous.................... 4.6 All Item Consumer Price Index, all urban. Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Table 23. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ The basic weights for all major categories of skilled nursing home costs were obtained from the DHEW- National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) National Nursing Home Surveys (NNHS) for 1972 and 1976 for home certified for participation in the Medicare program. See Nursing Home Costs 1972, United States: National Nursing Home Survey, August 1973-April 1974, DHEW, NCHS: National Nursing Home Survey: 1977 Summary for the United States, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 13, Number 43. A Laspeyres price index was constructed using 1977 weights and price variables indicated in this table. In calendar year 1977 each ``price'' variable has an index of 100.0. The relative routine service cost weights change each period in accordance with price changes for each price variable. Cost categories with relatively higher ``price'' increases get relatively higher cost weights and vice versa. \2\ Forecasted by DRI/McGraw Hill, Health Care Costs, First Quarter, 1992, 1750 K St., NW, Washington D.C. 20006. Authority: Secs. 1102, 1814(b), 1861(v)(1), 1866(a), 1871, and 1888 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395f(b), 1395x(v)(1), 1395cc(a), 1395hh, and 1395yy); sec. 13503(b) and (c) of Pub. L. 103-66 (42 U.S.C. 1395x(v)(1)(B) and 1395yy (note)) and 42 CFR 413.1, 413.24, and 413.300 through 413.321). (Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Program No. 93.773, Medicare--Hospital Insurance) Dated: July 1, 1996. Bruce C. Vladeck, Administrator, Health Care Financing Administration. Dated: August 2, 1996. Donna E. Shalala, Secretary. [FR Doc. 96-22376 Filed 8-30-96; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4120-01-P