[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 166 (Tuesday, August 27, 2019)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 44804-44826]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-18285]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 180
[EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766; FRL-9996-03]
RIN 2070-AJ28
Tolerance Crop Grouping Program V
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: EPA is proposing revisions to its pesticide tolerance crop
grouping regulations, which allow the establishment of tolerances for
multiple related crops based on data from a representative set of
crops. EPA is proposing to revise one commodity definition, add three
new commodity definitions, and amend the current herbs and spices crop
group currently provided in Crop Group 19. The crops in the current
``Crop Group 19: Herbs and Spices Group'' will be separated into two
new crop groups, ``Crop Group 25: Herb Group'' and ``Crop Group 26:
Spice Group.'' Once final, these revisions will increase the utility
and benefit of the crop grouping system for producers and other
stakeholders involved in commercial agriculture. This is the fifth in a
series of planned crop group updates expected to be prepared over the
next several years.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before October 28, 2019.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by docket identification
(ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766, by one of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit
electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute.
Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket
Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC
20460-0001.
Hand Delivery: To make special arrangements for hand
delivery or delivery of boxed information, please follow the
instructions at http://www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along
with more information about dockets generally, is available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Prasad Chumble, Field and External
Affairs Division (7506P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental
[[Page 44805]]
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460-
0001; telephone number 703-347-8367; email address:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Legal Authority
EPA is initiating this rulemaking to amend the existing crop
grouping regulations under section 408(e)(1)(C) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which authorizes EPA to establish
``general procedures and requirements to implement [section 408].'' 21
U.S.C. 346a(e)(1)(C). Under section 408 of the FFDCA, EPA is authorized
to establish tolerances for pesticide chemical residues in food. EPA
establishes tolerances for each pesticide based on the potential risks
to human health posed by that pesticide. A tolerance is the maximum
permissible residue level established for a pesticide in raw
agricultural commodities and processed foods. The crop group
regulations currently in 40 CFR 180.40 and 180.41 enable the
establishment of tolerances for a group of crops based on residue data
for certain crops that are representative of the group.
B. Does this action apply to me?
You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an
agricultural producer or food manufacturer. The following list of North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended
to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide to help readers determine
whether this document applies to them. Potentially affected entities
may include:
Crop production (NAICS code 111).
Animal production (NAICS code 112).
Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).
C. What should I consider as I prepare my comments for EPA?
1. Submitting CBI. Do not submit this information to EPA through
regulations.gov or email. Clearly mark the part or all of the
information that you claim to be CBI. For CBI information in a disk or
CD-ROM that you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the disk or CD-ROM as
CBI and then identify electronically within the disk or CD-ROM the
specific information that is claimed as CBI. In addition to one
complete version of the comment that includes information claimed as
CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information
claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket.
Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with
procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
2. Tips for preparing your comments. When preparing and submitting
your comments, see the commenting tips at http://www.epa.gov/dockets/comments.html.
II. Background
A. Tolerance-Setting Requirements and Petitions From the Interregional
Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) To Expand the Existing Crop Grouping
System
EPA is authorized to establish tolerances, which are the maximum
levels of pesticide chemical residues that may be in or on food
commodities, under section 408 of the FFDCA (21 U.S.C. 346a). EPA
establishes pesticide tolerances only after determining that aggregate
exposure to the pesticide is considered safe. The United States Food
and Drug Administration and the United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) enforce compliance with tolerance limits.
Traditionally, tolerances are established for a specific pesticide
and commodity combination. However, under EPA's crop grouping
regulations (40 CFR 180.40 and 180.41), a single tolerance may be
established that applies to a group of related commodities. For
example, ``Crop Group 26: Spice Group'' is proposed to include 166
commodities. Crop group tolerances may be established based on residue
data from designated representative commodities within the group.
Representative commodities are selected based on EPA's determination
that they are likely to bear the maximum level of residue that could
occur on any crop within the group. Using the same example, the
proposed representative commodities for Crop Group 26 is a choice of
either celery seed or dill seed. Once a crop group tolerance is
established, the tolerance level applies to all commodities within the
group.
This proposed rule is the fifth in a series of planned crop group
amendments expected to be completed over the next several years. The
previous four crop group amendment rules were finalized on December 7,
2007 (72 FR 69150); December 8, 2010 (75 FR 76284); August 22, 2012 (77
FR 50617); and May 3, 2016 (81 FR 26471) (Refs. 1, 2, 3, and 4,
respectively). Specific information and details regarding the history
of the crop group regulations, the previous amendments to the
regulations, and the process for amending crop groups can be found in
the Federal Register of May 23, 2007 (Ref. 5) and in the docket for
this action under docket identifier EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766 at http://regulations.gov. Specific information regarding how the Agency
implements crop group amendments can be found in 40 CFR 180.40(j).
The proposed changes identified in this action have been informed
by a petition developed by the International Crop Grouping Consulting
Committee (ICGCC) workgroup and submitted to EPA by a nation-wide
cooperative project, the Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4)
(Ref. 6). This petition and the supporting monographs, as well as EPA's
analyses of the petitions (Refs. 7, 8, and 9), are included in the
docket for this action. Additional petitions seeking amendments and
changes to the crop grouping regulations (40 CFR 180.40 and 180.41)
from the ICGCC workgroup and IR-4 have been submitted and are being
evaluated by EPA.
B. Regulatory Burden Reductions and Cost Savings Achieved Through the
Expansion of the Existing Crop Grouping System
In 2007, EPA prepared an Economic Analysis (EA) of the potential
costs and benefits associated with the first proposed rule issued in
this series of updates, entitled ``Economic Analysis Proposed Expansion
of Crop Grouping Program'' (Ref. 10). EPA considers the findings of the
2007 EA to apply to each subsequent crop group rulemaking, including
this proposal, due to the similarity in purpose and scope of each of
those rulemakings.
As discussed in the 2007 EA, EPA believes that crop grouping
rulemakings are burden-reducing and cost-saving regulations. However,
the impacts in the 2007 EA were measured primarily on a qualitative
basis. For example, the crop grouping rules provide for greater sharing
of data by permitting the results from a magnitude of residue field
trial studies in one crop to be applied to other, similar crops. The
primary beneficiaries are minor crop producers and pesticide
registrants. Minor crop producers benefit because lower registration
costs will encourage more products to be registered on minor crops,
providing additional tools (i.e., pesticides) for pest control.
Pesticide registrants are expected to benefit as expanded markets for
pesticide products will lead to increased sales. Additionally, the IR-
4, which is publicly funded, is also expected to benefit from this rule
as it will help IR-4 use its resources more efficiently in its
[[Page 44806]]
efforts to ensure that minor or specialty crop growers have access to
legal, registered uses of essential pest management tools such as
pesticides and biopesticides. The Agency is also expected to benefit
from broader operational efficiency gains, which result from fewer
emergency pesticide use requests from specialty crop growers, the
ability to conduct risk assessment based on crop groupings, greater
ease of establishing import tolerances, greater capacity to assess
risks of pesticides used on crops not grown in the United States,
further harmonization of crop classification and nomenclature,
harmonized commodity import and export standards, and increased
potential for resource sharing between EPA and other pesticide
regulatory agencies.
While the 2007 EA provides a qualitative assessment of the benefits
of the crop grouping rulemaking activities, EPA has developed a new
burden reduction and cost savings assessment specific to the crop group
amendments proposed in this rule, entitled ``Burden Reduction from the
Proposed Expansion of Crop Grouping Program'' (Ref. 11). Although there
are several uncertainties in the evaluation, for this proposed rule,
EPA estimates that the cost savings from these proposed amendments to
be approximately $55.1 million annually. The Agency estimates that the
cost savings from creating the new herb group and expanding the
commodities within it to be approximately $38.4 million annually. The
Agency also estimates that the cost savings from the creation of a new
spice group and the expansion of the commodities within it to be
approximately $16.7 million annually.
While EPA's proposal estimates cost savings of $55.1 million, these
estimates are based solely on the number of field trials potentially
avoided by the crop grouping amendments being proposed. This limitation
means that other sources of value to society, such as making it easier
to register pesticides for minor herb or spice crop uses, are not
captured in these estimates. While easier registration of pesticides
would have value to growers, who would then have access to more means
of pest control, this benefit is not quantitatively included in the
value estimated by the reduced cost of field trials. Additionally,
there is a potential for overestimation when using the value of reduced
field trial costs to estimate the cost savings of this rule. Many of
these crops may have never been the subject of a tolerance petition
that required a field residue trial. Therefore, even if there is a
demand for a pesticide on one of the herb or spice crops after a
tolerance is granted, it does not reflect an actual savings, but merely
a potential savings if a registrant or IR-4 were planning to submit
field trial residue data to support a tolerance petition.
EPA's full analysis on the estimated burden reductions and cost
savings is provided in the docket for this action at regulations.gov
using Docket ID EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766. EPA welcomes feedback on the
assumptions made in developing these estimates, as well as any
additional information that may help the Agency to refine these
estimates.
C. International Efforts and Considerations
1. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partner involvement
in the proposal. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs' Chemistry Science
Advisory Council (ChemSAC), an internal Agency peer review committee,
provided detailed analyses (Ref. 7, 8, and 9) for each proposed crop
group to IR-4, Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), and
the government of Mexico for their review and comment, and invited
these parties to participate in the ChemSAC meeting to finalize the
recommendations for each petition. The results of the ChemSAC meeting
finalizing the recommendations for proposal in this action are provided
in the docket (Ref. 12).
PMRA has indicated that it will, in parallel with the United States
effort and under the authority of Canada's Pest Control Products (PCP)
Act (2002), establish equivalent crop groups. Additionally, once the
new crop groups become effective in the United States, Mexico will have
them as a reference for the establishment of maximum residue limits
(MRLs) in Mexico.
2. Relationship of proposal to Codex activities. When Codex
establishes MRLs for a pesticide chemical residue and EPA is not
establishing tolerances at that same level, section 408 of the FFDCA
calls for EPA to provide an explanation for its reasons for departing
from that Codex level. In implementing this provision, EPA works to
harmonize tolerance determinations with a Codex MRL whenever possible.
This activity facilitates free trade and international movement of
United States-produced goods. Further, since Canada is a key trading
partner for United States agriculture, EPA also works closely with the
Canadian pesticide registrar and similarly works to establish
harmonized pesticide tolerance levels with Canada. Both Canada and
Codex have adopted their own crop group schemes that are synchronized
with and complement the efforts and goals of the crop grouping
rulemaking efforts.
3. Policy for establishing import tolerances for individual spices.
While not directly related to the proposed crop groups, this paragraph
summarizes a recent EPA policy that relates to establishing ``import
tolerances'' for spice commodities. In 2017, EPA instituted a policy of
establishing ``import tolerances'' for pesticide residues based on
monitoring data as a substitute for crop field trial residue data (Ref.
13). Because most spices are not grown in the United States, getting
data from domestic field trials to support the establishment of
tolerances for individual spices grown primarily overseas or the
current spice subgroup is extremely unlikely. Establishing individual
tolerances for pesticide residues on imported spices using monitoring
data is consistent with current Codex practice and is expected to
adequately cover pesticide residues in spices moving through the
channels of trade. It should be noted, however, that data on the
representative commodity of either dill seed or celery seed would still
be necessary to support the establishment of a group 26 tolerance.
D. Scheme for Organization of Revised and Pre-Existing Crop Groups
EPA has amended the generic crop group regulations to include an
explicit scheme for how revised crop groups will be organized in the
regulations.
In brief, the current regulations at Sec. 180.40(j) specify that
when a crop group is amended in a manner that expands or contracts its
coverage of commodities, EPA will retain the pre-existing crop group in
40 CFR180.41 and insert the new, related crop group immediately after
the pre-existing crop group in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
Although EPA will initially retain pre-existing crop groups that have
been superseded by new crop groups, 40 CFR180.41(j) states that EPA
will not establish new tolerances under the pre-existing groups and
that EPA will convert tolerances for any pre-existing crop groups to
tolerances with the coverage of the new crop group. Conversions to
revised crop groups are being implemented through the registration
review process and in the course of establishing new tolerances for a
pesticide.
As explained in Unit III.A., EPA believes it would benefit growers
of herbs and spices to create two completely new and separate crop
groups rather than to follow the 40 CFR180.41(j) process to create new
crop
[[Page 44807]]
group 19-19 for Herbs and Spices. As a result, the proposal to separate
Crop Group 19 into Crop Groups 25 and 26, as discussed in Unit III,
does not fully follow the process described in Sec. 180.40(j). The
current process does not adequately address the separation of an
existing crop group into two or more crop groups in order to expand and
clarify the coverage of commodities, nor do the proposals follow the
naming or numbering conventions established in 40 CFR180.40(j).
Therefore, to recognize that different processes may be appropriate in
situations where an existing crop group may need to be separated into
two or more distinct crop groups, EPA is proposing to revise paragraph
(j) to outline how it intends to implement these types of crop group
amendments.
III. Specific Proposed Revisions
This unit explains the proposed amendments to the crop group
regulations.
A. Separation of Herbs and Spices in Crop Group 19: Herbs and Spices
EPA is proposing to separate the current ``Crop Group 19: Herbs and
Spices Group'' into two separate crop groups, which will be the
proposed ``Crop Group 25: Herb Group'' and ``Crop Group 26: Spice
Group.'' Proposed Crop Groups 25 and 26 are discussed in more detail in
the following sections of this unit. In accordance with the process
outlined in 40 CFR180.40(j), Crop Group 19 will be retained in the CFR
until all the tolerances for the pre-existing Crop Group 19 and its
associated subgroups have been updated to comply with the newly
proposed crop groups.
Separating the current herbs and spices crop group into a separate
herb crop group and a spice crop group will benefit herb and spice
growers. Combining the two sets of commodities together and requiring
residue data on both herb and spice representative commodities has
limited the establishment of Crop Group 19 tolerances because herb
growers do not want to or cannot develop residue data on the spice
representative commodities and vice versa for spice growers. Separating
these groups will benefit herb growers by allowing them to submit
representative crop data that reflects the commodities they produce and
similarly, the separation will benefit spice growers.
A separate herb crop group and appropriate subgroups will provide a
benefit to herb growers, as well as botanical herbs grown for medicinal
purposes, since the representative commodities will only be herbs with
similar characteristics. Also, a separate crop group for herbs allows
for the subdivision of dried and fresh herbs into subgroups, which will
be beneficial to herb growers because of the different practices for
growing herbs for the fresh market and for the dried markets. As a
result, these changes will make available new pesticides not previously
available for crop protection for these herb commodities, and the
tolerances established under the proposed crop groups and subgroups
will be a better reflection of their crops. Similarly, a separate spice
crop group will allow spices to be placed in a crop group that is more
reflective of their edible parts and will provide a benefit to spice
growers, as well as botanical spices grown for medicinal purposes,
since the representative commodities will only be spices with similar
uses and commonly grown in the United States.
Finally, separating herbs and spices into two crop groups will also
help in harmonization with Codex which has two separate crop groups,
one for herbs and one for spices.
B. Crop Group 25: Herb Group
EPA is proposing to establish a new crop group, entitled ``Crop
Group 25: Herb Group.'' The following paragraphs describes this new
crop grouping in more detail.
1. Commodities. EPA proposes to include the following 317
commodities in Crop Group 25: Agrimony, fresh leaves, Agrimonia
eupatoria L.; Agrimony, dried leaves, Agrimonia eupatoria L.; Angelica,
fresh leaves, Angelica archangelica L.; Angelica, dried leaves,
Angelica archangelica L.; Angelica, fragrant, fresh leaves, Angelica
dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth & Hook. F. ex Franch. & Sav.; Angelica,
fragrant, dried leaves, Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth & Hook. F. ex
Franch. & Sav.; Applemint, fresh leaves, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.;
Applemint, dried leaves, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.; Avarum, fresh leaves,
Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.; Avarum, dried leaves, Senna auriculata
(L.) Roxb.; Balm, fresh leaves, Melissa officinalis L.; Balm, dried
leaves Melissa officinalis L.; Balloon pea, fresh leaves, Lessertia
frutescens (L.) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning; Balloon pea, dried leaves,
Lessertia frutescens (L.) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning; Barrenwort, fresh
leaves, Epimedium grandiflorum C. Morren; Barrenwort, dried leaves,
Epimedium grandiflorum C. Morren; Basil, fresh leaves, Ocimum basilicum
L.; Basil, dried leaves, Ocimum basilicum L.; Basil, American, fresh
leaves, Ocimum americanum L; Basil, American, dried leaves, Ocimum
americanum L.; Basil, Greek, fresh leaves, Ocimum minimum L.; Basil,
Greek, dried leaves, Ocimum minimum L.; Basil, holy, fresh leaves,
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.; Basil, holy, dried leaves, Ocimum tenuiflorum L;
Basil, lemon, fresh leaves, Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.; Basil, lemon,
dried leaves, Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.; Basil, Russian, fresh leaves,
Ocimum gratissimum L.; Basil, Russian, dried leaves, Ocimum gratissimum
L.; Bay, fresh leaves, Laurus nobilis L.; Bay, dried leaves, Laurus
nobilis L.; Bisongrass, fresh leaves, Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.
Schouten & Veldkamp; Bisongrass, dried leaves, Anthoxanthum nitens
(Weber) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp; Blue mallow, fresh leaves, Malva
sylvestris L.; Boneset, fresh leaves, Eupatorium perfoliatum L.;
Boneset, dried leaves, Eupatorium perfoliatum L.; Borage, fresh leaves,
Borago officinalis L.; Borage, dried leaves, Borago officinalis L.;
Borage, Indian, fresh leaves, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.;
Borage, Indian, dried leaves, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.;
Burnet, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba spp.; Burnet, dried leaves,
Sanguisorba spp.; Burnet, garden, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba officinalis
L.; Burnet, garden, dried leaves, Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Burnet,
salad, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba minor Scop.; Burnet, salad, dried
leaves, Sanguisorba minor Scop.; Butterbur, dried leaves, Petasites
hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn. et al., P. frigidus (L.) Fr.; Calamint, fresh
leaves, Clinopodium spp.; Calamint, dried leaves, Clinopodium spp.;
Calamint, large-flower, fresh leaves, Clinopodium grandiflorum (L.)
Kuntze; Calamint, large-flower, dried leaves, Clinopodium grandiflorum
(L.) Kuntze; Calamint, lesser, fresh leaves, Clinopodium nepeta (L.)
Kuntze; Calamint, lesser, dried leaves, Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze;
Calendula, fresh leaves, Calendula officinalis L.; Calendula, dried
leaves, Calendula officinalis L.; Caltrop, fresh leaves, Tribulus
terrestris L; Caltrop, dried leaves, Tribulus terrestris L; Camomile
(Chamomile), fresh leaves, Chamaemelum spp. and Matricaria spp.;
Camomile (Chamomile), dried leaves, Chamaemelum spp. and Matricaria
spp.; Camomile (Chamomile), German, fresh leaves, Matricaria recutita
L.; Camomile (Chamomile), German, dried leaves, Matricaria recutita L.;
Camomile (Chamomile), Roman, fresh leaves, Chamaemelum nobile (L.)
All.; Camomile (Chamomile), Roman, dried leaves, Chamaemelum nobile
(L.) All.;
[[Page 44808]]
Caraway, fresh leaves, Carum carvi L; Caraway, dried leaves, Carum
carvi L.; Cat's claw, dried leaves, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC.,
Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. Gmel.; Catnip, fresh leaves, Nepeta
cataria L.; Catnip, dried leaves, Nepeta cataria L.; Catnip, Japanese,
fresh leaves, Schizonepeta multifida (L.) Briq.; Catnip, Japanese,
dried leaves, Schizonepeta multifida (L.) Briq.; Celandine, greater,
fresh leaves, Chelidonium majus L.; Celandine, lesser, fresh leaves,
Ficaria verna Huds.; Centaury, fresh leaves, Centaurium erythrarae
Rafn.; Centaury, dried leaves, Centaurium erythrarae Rafn.; Chaste
tree, fresh leaves, Vitex agnus-castus L.; Chaste tree, dried leaves,
Vitex agnus-castus L.; Chervil, dried leaves, Anthriscus cerefolium
(L.) Hoffm.; Chinese chastetree, dried leaves, Vitex negundo L.;
Chinese foxglove, dried leaves, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Steud.;
Chive, dried leaves, Allium schoenoprasum L.; Chive, Chinese, dried
leaves, Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.; Cicely, sweet, fresh
leaves, Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.; Cicely, sweet, dried leaves,
Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.; Cilantro, dried leaves, Coriandrum sativum
L.; Clary, fresh leaves, Salvia sclarea L.; Clary, dried leaves, Salvia
sclarea L.; Coriander, Bolivian, fresh leaves, Porophyllum ruderale
(Jacq.) Cass.; Coriander, Bolivian, dried leaves, Porophyllum ruderale
(Jacq.) Cass.; Coriander, Vietnamese, fresh leaves, Persicaria odorata
(Lour.) Sojak.; Coriander, Vietnamese, dried leaves, Persicaria odorata
(Lour.) Sojak.; Costmary, fresh leaves, Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp.
Balsamita; Costmary, dried leaves, Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp.
Balsamita; Creat, dried leaves, Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.)
Wall. Ex Nees; Culantro, fresh leaves, Eryngium foetidum L.; Culantro,
dried leaves, Eryngium foetidum L.; Curry leaf, fresh leaves, Bergera
koenigii L.; Curry leaf, dried leaves, Bergera koenigii L.; Curryplant,
fresh leaves, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don; Cut leaf, fresh
leaves, Prostanthera incisa R. Br.; Cut leaf, fresh leaves,
Prostanthera incisa R. Br.; Dillweed, dried leaves, Anethum graveolens
L.; Dokudami, fresh leaves, Houttuynia cordata Thunb.; Echinacea, dried
leaves, Echinacea angustifolia DC; Epazote, fresh leaves, Dysphania
ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants; Epazote, dried leaves, Dysphania
ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants; Eucommia, dried leaves, Eucommia
ulmoides Oliv; Evening primrose, fresh leaves, Oenothera biennis L.;
Evening primrose, dried leaves, Oenothera biennis L.; Fennel, common,
fresh leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare;
Fennel, common, dried leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Subsp. vulgare
var. vulgare; Fennel, Florence, dried leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.; Fennel, Spanish, fresh
leaves, Nigella spp; Fennel, Spanish, dried leaves, Nigella spp.;
Fenugreek, fresh leaves, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.; Fenugreek, dried
leaves, Trigonella foenum-graecum L; Feverfew, fresh leaves, Tanacetum
parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.; Feverfew, dried leaves, Tanacetum parthenium
(L.) Sch. Bip; Field pennycress, fresh leaves, Thlaspi arvense L.;
Flowers, edible, fresh, multiple species; Flowers, edible, dried,
multiple species; Fumitory, fresh leaves, Fumaria officinalis L.;
Fumitory, dried leaves, Fumaria officinalis L.; Galbanum, dried leaves,
Ferula gummosa Boiss.; Gambir, fresh leaves, Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter)
Roxb.; Geranium, fresh leaves, Pelargonium spp.; Geranium, dried
leaves, Pelargonium spp.; Geranium, lemon, fresh leaves, Pelargonium
crispum (P.J. Bergius) L'Her.; Geranium, lemon, dried leaves,
Pelargonium crispum (P.J. Bergius) L'Her.; Geranium, rose, fresh
leaves, Pelargonium graveolens L'Her.; Geranium, rose, dried leaves,
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her.; Germander, golden, fresh leaves,
Teucrium polium L.; Germander, golden, dried leaves, Teucrium polium
L.; Gotu kola, dried leaves, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.; Gumweed,
fresh leaves, Grindelia camporum Greene; Gumweed, dried leaves,
Grindelia camporum Greene; Gymnema, dried leaves, Gymnema sylvestre
(Retz.) Schult.; Gypsywort, fresh leaves, Lycopus europaeus L.;
Gypsywort, dried leaves, Lycopus europaeus L.; Heal-all, fresh leaves,
Prunella vulgaris L.; Heal-all, dried leaves, Prunella vulgaris L.;
Honewort, fresh leaves, Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.; Honeybush,
dried leaves, Cyclopia genistoides (L.) R. Br.; Horehound, fresh
leaves, Marrubium vulgare L.; Horehound, dried leaves, Marrubium
vulgare L; Horsemint, fresh leaves, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.;
Horsemint, dried leaves, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.; Hyssop, fresh
leaves, Hyssopus officinalis L; Hyssop, dried leaves, Hyssopus
officinalis L.; Hyssop, anise, fresh leaves, Agastache foeniculum
(Pursh) Kuntze; Hyssop, anise, dried leaves, Agastache foeniculum
(Pursh) Kuntze; Jasmine, fresh leaves, Jasminum officinale L., J.
odoratissimum L.; Jasmine, dried leaves, Jasminum officinale L., J.
odoratissimum L.; Labrador tea, fresh leaves, Rhododendron
groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd, R. tomentosum Harmaja; Labrador tea,
dried leaves, Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd, R.
tomentosum Harmaja; Lavender, fresh leaves, Lavandula angustifolia
Mill.; Lavender, dried leaves, Lavandula angustifolia Mill.;
Lemongrass, fresh leaves, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf; Lemongrass,
dried leaves, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf; Lemon verbena, fresh
leaves, Aloysia citrodora Palau; Lemon verbena, dried leaves, Aloysia
citrodora Palau; Lovage, fresh leaves, Levisticum officinale W.D.J.
Koch; Lovage, dried leaves, Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch; Love-in-
a-mist, fresh leaves, Nigella damascena L; Love-in-a-mist, dried
leaves, Nigella damascena L.; Mamaki, dried leaves, Pipturus
arborescens (Link) C.B. Rob.; Marigold, fresh leaves, Tagetes spp.;
Marigold, dried leaves, Tagetes spp.; Marigold, African, fresh leaves,
Tagetes erecta L.; Marigold, African, dried leaves, Tagetes erecta L.;
Marigold, Aztec, fresh leaves, Tagetes minuta L; Marigold, Aztec, dried
leaves, Tagetes minuta L.; Marigold, French, fresh leaves, Tagetes
patula L.; Marigold, French, dried leaves, Tagetes patula L.; Marigold,
Irish lace, fresh leaves, Tagetes filifolia Lag; Marigold, Irish lace,
dried leaves, Tagetes filifolia Lag.; Marigold, licorice, fresh leaves,
Tagetes micrantha Cav; Marigold, licorice, dried leaves, Tagetes
micrantha Cav; Marigold, Mexican mint, fresh leaves, Tagetes lucida
Cav.; Marigold, Mexican mint, dried leaves, Tagetes lucida Cav.;
Marigold, signet, fresh leaves, Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.; Marigold,
signet, dried leaves, Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.; Marjoram, fresh leaves,
Origanum spp.; Marjoram, dried leaves, Origanum spp; Marjoram, pot,
fresh leaves, Origanum onites L.; Marjoram, pot, dried leaves, Origanum
onites L.; Marjoram, sweet, fresh leaves, Origanum majorana L.;
Marjoram, sweet, dried leaves Origanum majorana L.; Marshmallow, fresh
leaves, Althaea officinalis L.; Marshmallow, dried leaves, Althaea
officinalis L.; Meadowsweet, fresh leaves, Filipendula ulmaria (L.)
Maxim.; Meadowsweet, dried leaves, Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.;
Mint, fresh leaves, Mentha spp.; Mint, dried leaves, Mentha spp.; Mint,
corn, fresh leaves, Mentha arvensis L.; Mint, corn, dried leaves,
Mentha arvensis L.; Mint, Korean, fresh leaves, Agastache rugosa
(Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kun; Mint, Korean, dried leaves, Agastache rugosa
(Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kun; Monarda, fresh leaves, Monarda spp.; Monarda,
dried leaves, Monarda
[[Page 44809]]
spp.; Motherwort, fresh leaves, Leonurus cardiaca L.; Motherwort, dried
leaves, Leonurus cardiaca L.; Mountainmint, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum
spp; Mountainmint, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum spp; Mountainmint,
clustered, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum muticum (Michx.) Pers.;
Mountainmint, clustered, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum muticum (Michx.)
Pers.; Mountainmint, hoary, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum incanum Michx.;
Mountainmint, hoary, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum incanum Michx.;
Mountainmint, Virginia, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T.
Durand & B.D. Jacks. Ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald; Mountainmint, Virginia,
dried leaves, Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. Ex
B.L. Rob. & Fernald; Mountainmint, whorled, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum
verticillatum (Michx.) Pers.; Mountainmint, whorled, dried leaves,
Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers.; Mugwort, fresh leaves,
Artemisia vulgaris L.; Mugwort, dried leaves, Artemisia vulgaris L.;
Mulberry, white, dried leaves, Morus alba L.; Mullein, fresh leaves,
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol., Verbascum spp.; Mullein, dried leaves,
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol., Verbascum spp.; Nasturtium, fresh
leaves, Tropaeolum spp; Nasturtium, dried leaves, Tropaeolum spp.;
Nasturtium, bush fresh leaves, Tropaeolum minus L.; Nasturtium, bush
dried leaves, Tropaeolum minus L.; Nasturtium, garden, fresh leaves,
Tropaeolum majus L; Nasturtium, garden, dried leaves, Tropaeolum majus
L; Nettle, fresh leaves, Urtica dioica L.; Nettle, dried leaves, Urtica
dioica L.; Oregano, fresh leaves, Origanum vulgare L.; Oregano, dried
leaves, Origanum vulgare L.; Oregano, Mexican, fresh leaves, Lippia
graveolens Kunth; Oregano, Mexican, dried leaves, Lippia graveolens
Kunth; Oregano, Puerto Rico, fresh leaves, Lippia micromera Schauer;
Oregano, Puerto Rico, dried leaves, Lippia micromera Schauer; Oswego
tea, fresh leaves, Monarda didyma L.; Oswego tea, dried leaves, Monarda
didyma L.; Pandan leaf, fresh leaves, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Roxb.;
Pandan leaf, dried leaves, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Roxb.; Pansy, fresh
leaves, Viola tricolor L.; Pansy, dried leaves, Viola tricolor L;
Paracress, fresh leaves, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen; Paracress,
dried leaves, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen; Parsley, dried leaves,
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss; Pennyroyal, fresh leaves, Mentha
pulegium L; Pennyroyal, dried leaves, Mentha pulegium L.; Peppermint,
fresh leaves, Mentha x piperita L; Peppermint, dried leaves Mentha x
piperita L.; Perilla, fresh leaves, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton;
Perilla, dried leaves, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton; Rooibos, dried
leaves, Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren; Rose, fresh leaves,
Rosa spp.; Rose, dried leaves, Rosa spp; Rosemary, fresh leaves,
Rosmarinus officinalis L.; Rosemary, dried leaves, Rosmarinus
officinalis L.; Sage, fresh leaves, Salvia officinalis L.; Sage, dried
leaves, Salvia officinalis L.; Sage, Greek, fresh leaves, Salvia
fruticosa Mill.; Sage, Greek, dried leaves, Salvia fruticosa Mill.;
Sage, Spanish, fresh leaves, Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl; Sage, Spanish,
dried leaves, Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl; Savory, summer, fresh leaves,
Satureja hortensis L.; Savory, summer, dried leaves, Satureja hortensis
L; Savory, winter, fresh leaves, Satureja montana L.; Savory, winter,
dried leaves, Satureja montana L.; Sorrel, fresh leaves, Rumex spp.;
Sorrel, dried leaves, Rumex spp.; Sorrel, French, fresh leaves, Rumex
scutatus L.; Sorrel, French, dried leaves, Rumex scutatus L.; Sorrel,
garden, fresh leaves, Rumex acetosa L.; Sorrel, garden, dried leaves,
Rumex acetosa L.; Southernwood, fresh leaves, Artemisia abrotanum L.;
Southernwood, dried leaves, Artemisia abrotanum L.; Spearmint, fresh
leaves, Mentha spicata L.; Spearmint, dried leaves, Mentha spicata L.;
Spearmint, Scotch, fresh leaves, Mentha x gracilis Sole; Spearmint,
Scotch, dried leaves, Mentha x gracilis Sole; Spotted beebalm, fresh
leaves, Monarda punctata L.; Spotted beebalm, dried leaves, Monarda
punctata L.; Squaw vine, dried leaves, Mitchella repens L.; St. John's
Wort, dried leaves, Hypericum perforatum L.; Stevia, dried leaves,
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni; Swamp leaf, fresh leaves,
Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.; Tansy, fresh leaves, Tanacetum
vulgare L; Tansy, dried leaves, Tanacetum vulgare L.; Tarragon, fresh
leaves, Artemisia dracunculus L.; Tarragon, dried leaves, Artemisia
dracunculus L.; Thyme, fresh leaves, Thymus spp.; Thyme, dried leaves,
Thymus spp.; Thyme, creeping, fresh leaves, Thymus serpyllum L; Thyme,
creeping, dried leaves, Thymus serpyllum L.; Thyme, lemon, fresh
leaves, Thymus xcitriodorus (Pers.) Schreb.; Thyme, lemon, dried
leaves, Thymus xcitriodorus (Pers.) Schreb.; Thyme, mastic, fresh
leaves, Thymus mastichina (L.) L.; Thyme, mastic, dried leaves, Thymus
mastichina (L.) L.; Toon, Chinese, fresh leaves, Toona sinensis (A.
Juss.) M. Roem.; Toon, Chinese, dried leaves, Toona sinensis (A. Juss.)
M. Roem.; Vasaka, dried leaves, Justicia adhatoda L.; Veronica, fresh
leaves, Veronica officinalis L.; Violet, fresh leaves, Viola odorata
L.; Violet, dried leaves, Viola odorata L.; Watermint, fresh leaves,
Mentha aquatica L; Watermint, dried leaves, Mentha aquatica L.;
Waterpepper, fresh leaves, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre; Wild
bergamot, fresh leaves, Monarda fistulosa L.; Wild bergamot, dried
leaves, Monarda fistulosa L.; Wintergreen, fresh leaves, Gaultheria
procumbens L.; Wintergreen, dried leaves, Gaultheria procumbens L.;
Wood betony, dried leaves, Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.; Woodruff,
fresh leaves, Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.; Woodruff, dried leaves,
Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.; Wormwood, fresh leaves, Artemisia
absinthium L; Wormwood, dried leaves, Artemisia absinthium L.;
Wormwood, Roman, fresh leaves, Artemisia pontica L.; Wormwood, Roman,
dried leaves, Artemisia pontica L.; Yarrow, fresh leaves, Achillea
millefolium L.; Yarrow, dried leaves, Achillea millefolium L.; Yellow
gentian, fresh leaves, Gentiana lutea L.; Yellow gentian, dried leaves,
Gentiana lutea L.; Yerba santa, fresh leaves, Eriodictyon californicum
(Hook. & Arn.) Torr.; Yerba santa, dried leaves, Eriodictyon
californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.; Yomogi, fresh leaves, Artemisia
princeps L.; Yomogi, dried leaves, Artemisia princeps L. Also included
are cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
The 317 members of the new Crop Group 25 are proposed based on
similarities of growth habits as well as herbs being either fresh or
dried leaves, similar pest problems, sources of essential oil, lack of
animal feed items, comparison of established tolerances, and for
international harmonization purposes. This new Crop Group 25 would
include all the herbs from the current Crop Group 19 with the following
exceptions:
Crop Group 19 and the herb subgroup 19A include both fresh
and dried forms of chive (Allium schoenoprasum) and chive, Chinese
(Allium tuberosum), whereas the proposed Crop Group 25 and dried herb
sugroup 25B include only the dried forms of those chives. In 2007, EPA
determined that pesticide residues on the fresh forms of chives would
be similar to other bulb vegetable commodities and included them in
Crop Group 3-07 (Ref. 1). To avoid dual coverage, EPA is removing the
fresh forms of these chives from the herb group (crop group 25) and
subgroup 25A.
Crop Group 19 and the herb subgroup 19A include both the
fresh
[[Page 44810]]
and dried forms of coriander (cilantro or Chinese parsley leaf)
(Coriandrum sativum) and dillweed (Anethum graveolens L.), whereas the
proposed group and herb subgroup 25B include only the dried forms. In
2016, EPA determined that pesticide residues on the fresh forms of
these commodities would be similar to other leafy vegetables and
included them in Crop Group 4-16 (Ref. 4). To avoid dual coverage, EPA
is removing the fresh forms of these chives from the herb group (crop
group 25) and subgroup 25A.
Although Crop Group 19 and herb subgroup 19A list rue
(Ruta graveolens) as an herb, EPA is proposing to move rue to the new
spice Crop Group 26. The reason for this modification is that rue is--
due to similar crop growth, harvesting stages, pest pressures, and
pesticide use patterns--expected to have pesticide residues more
similar to other spices.
Adding these herb commodities into a separate herb group will
benefit growers by enabling the use of pesticides not previously
available for crop protection. Many minor herb orphan crops have become
more popular in some countries and areas today than they were at the
time that Crop Group 19 was established. Increased globalization of
herbs in cooking in the United States has resulted in additional herbs
to be enjoyed worldwide. Some of these ``minor'' crops have great
potential to be grown on a larger scale in some areas in the future due
to their unique nutritional and medicinal values. Because the demand
for herbs keeps increasing in the United States, these crops may
provide local market growers new revenue opportunities for fresh herbs
with high returns per acre. Also, this crop group regulation will
facilitate the establishment of pesticide tolerances for numerous
pesticides that are needed to control a wide diversity of herb pests,
as well as to develop integrated pest management (IPM) programs to
incorporate reduced risk pesticides, organic and biopesticides, and
cultural methods to reduce the development of pesticide resistance.
Being included in a crop group means that individual tolerances do
not need to be established for each commodity nor does residue data
need to be generated for each of the individual commodities. Allowing
EPA's risk assessments to focus on the representative crop is reliable
and efficient.
2. Representative commodities. EPA proposes the following
commodities as representative commodities for the new Crop Group 25:
Basil, fresh leaves; mint, fresh leaves; basil, dried leaves; and mint,
dried leaves. The representative commodities are based on similarities
to the related commodities within a group or subgroup regarding their
edible portions, cultural methods, geographical locations, and pest
problems, as well as considerations based on their high production
(both acres and yield) and consumption compared to other crops in
proposed Crop Group 25. Based on EPA's analysis for the proposed Crop
Group 25, these representative commodities will account for more than
99% of the harvested United States acres for the members of the new
crop group (Ref. 7).
Basil has been a representative commodity for the Crop Group 19 and
for the herb subgroup 19A since 1995 and has several established
tolerances. Mint, which will cover all members of the mint (Mentha
spp.) family including peppermint and spearmint, is replacing chive as
a representative commodity since it is more widely grown (240,000
hectares worldwide versus 24,000 hectares worldwide) (Ref 7.), and
because chive, fresh leaves, are in a different crop group.
Additionally, both basil and mint are important parts of many cuisines,
especially European, Mediterranean, Indian and Asian cooking. EPA
expects that all proposed members of the proposed crop group will have
similar residue levels based on similarities of the raw agricultural
commodities (RACs), and comparisons of established tolerances on these
commodities support that residue levels will cover the wide number of
commodities.
3. Crop subgroups. EPA proposes two crop subgroups for the new
``Crop Group 25: Herb Group'': Subgroup 25A for fresh herbs and
subgroup 25B for dried herbs. Comparisons of established tolerances
proposed for the new herb, fresh leaves subgroup 25A and the new herb,
dried leaves subgroup 25B have shown tolerances for dried herbs are
often significantly higher (4X to 7.3X) than fresh herbs, indicating a
need for different tolerances or subgroups for fresh and dried herbs
(Ref. 7). In addition, fresh herbs are grown in a different way than
dried herbs. Fresh herbs are grown more like fresh-cut flowers, and a
high-quality product free of pests is required for their sale. Dried
herbs, on the other hand, are grown like alfalfa and machine harvested
with or without insect holes, which is not an issue for their sale.
Dried herbs also have less storage problems than fresh herbs.
Additionally, many herbs grown for dietary supplements are prepared in
their dried forms, and all herb oils are also prepared from dried
herbs. It is worth noting that 40 CFR180.40(f)(2) allows crop group
tolerances to be established for processed commodities or fractions of
commodities, such as ``Herb, subgroup 25B, oil''.
Most commodities in proposed Crop Group 25 are included in both the
fresh leaves and dried leaves forms and therefore would be in both
proposed subgroups. However, there are 38 commodities that are included
in proposed Crop Group 25 as only the fresh leaves or dried leaves.
These are discussed briefly below; see Refs. 6--9 for more details.
For seven commodities, only the dried leaves are included in
proposed Crop Group 25 because the fresh leaves are already included in
a different crop group. Pesticide residues on the fresh forms of these
commodities are expected to be similar to the commodities in another
crop group than they are to herbs. These seven commodities and the crop
group the fresh leaves are in are as follows:
Chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm; Cilantro,
Coriandrum sativum L. (4-16); Dillweed, Anethum graveolens L.; and
Parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss; Petroselinum crispum var.
neapolitanum Danert in Crop Group 4-16 Leafy Vegetable Group;
Chive, Allium schoenoprasum L. and Chive, Chinese, Allium
tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng in Crop Group 3-07 Bulb Vegetable Group;
and
Fennel, Florence, fresh leaves and stalk in Crop Group 22
Stalk, Stem and Leaf Petiole Vegetable Group.
The other 30 commodities are included in proposed Crop Group 25
only in the dried leaves form or the fresh leaves form because only one
form is currently utilized in commerce. For example, some are dietary
supplements used only in the dried form, while other commodities are
used in foods as only the fresh or dried form.
Eleven commodities are included in proposed Crop Group 25
only in their fresh leaves form: Blue mallow, fresh leaves, Malva
sylvestris L.; Celandine, greater, fresh leaves, Chelidonium majus L.;
Celandine, lesser, fresh leaves, Ficaria verna Huds.; Curryplant, fresh
leaves, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don; Dokudami, fresh leaves,
Houttuynia cordata Thunb.; Field pennycress, fresh leaves, Thlaspi
arvense L.; Gambir, fresh leaves, Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb.;
Honewort, fresh leaves, Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.; Swamp leaf,
fresh leaves, Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.; Veronica, fresh
leaves, Veronica officinalis L.; and Waterpepper, fresh leaves,
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre.
[[Page 44811]]
Nineteen commodities are included in proposed Group 25
only in their dried leaves form: Butterbur, dried leaves, Petasites
hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn. Et al., P. frigidus (L.) Fr.; Cat's claw,
dried leaves, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC., Uncaria guianensis
(Aubl.) J.F. Gmel.; Chinese chastetree, dried leaves, Vitex negundo L.;
Chinese foxglove, dried leaves, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Steud.;
Creat, dried leaves, Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. Ex Nees;
Echinacea, dried leaves, Echinacea angustifolia DC; Eucommia, dried
leaves, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.; Galbanum, dried leaves, Ferula gummosa
Boiss.; Gotu kola, dried leaves, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.; Gymnema,
dried leaves, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.; Honeybush, dried
leaves, Cyclopia genistoides (L.) R. Br.; Mamaki, dried leaves,
Pipturus arborescens (Link) C. B. Rob.; Mulberry, white, dried leaves,
Morus alba L.; Rooibos, dried leaves, Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R.
Dahlgren; Squaw vine, dried leaves, Mitchella repens L.; St. John's
Wort, dried leaves, Hypericum perforatum L.; Stevia, dried leaves,
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni; Vasaka, dried leaves, Justicia
adhatoda L.; and Wood betony, dried leaves, Stachys officinalis (L.)
Trevis.
EPA is considering revising the herb group and herb subgroups in
the final rule to include both forms of the 30 commodities listed in
the two previous paragraphs. Making this change would ensure coverage
of residues in those other forms in case there are changes in how these
commodities are used in the future, e.g., if the fresh leaves form is
used in the future even though only the dried leaves form is used now.
Recognizing the potential for confusion with pesticide applications to
fresh and dried herbs, EPA intends, as a separate effort, to take into
consideration approaches to labeling to ensure that pesticide labels
clearly describe the list of herbs and their forms on which the
pesticide can be used. EPA requests comments on including the 30
commodities in both forms in herb group 25 and its subgroups in the
final rule.
i. Herb, fresh leaves subgroup 25A. (Representative commodities--
Basil, fresh leaves and mint, fresh leaves). EPA is proposing 151
commodities in new subgroup 25A: Agrimony, fresh leaves, Agrimonia
eupatoria L.; Angelica, fresh leaves; Angelica, fragrant, fresh leaves;
Applemint, fresh leaves; Avarum, fresh leaves; Balm, fresh leaves;
Balloon pea, fresh leaves; Barrenwort, fresh leaves; Basil, fresh
leaves; Basil, American, fresh leaves; Basil, Greek, fresh leaves;
Basil, holy, fresh leaves; Basil, lemon, fresh leaves; Basil, Russian,
fresh leaves; Bay, fresh leaves; Bisongrass, fresh leaves; Blue mallow,
fresh leaves; Boneset, fresh leaves; Borage, fresh leaves; Borage,
Indian, fresh leaves; Burnet, fresh leaves; Burnet, garden, fresh
leaves; Burnet, salad, fresh leaves; Calamint, fresh leaves; Calamint,
large-flower, fresh leaves; Calamint, lesser, fresh leaves; Calendula,
fresh leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), fresh leaves; Caltrop, fresh
leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), German, fresh leaves; Camomile
(Chamomile), Roman, fresh leaves; Caraway, fresh leaves; Catnip, fresh
leaves; Catnip, Japanese, fresh leaves; Celandine, greater, fresh
leaves; Celandine, lesser, fresh leaves; Centaury, fresh leaves; Chaste
tree, fresh leaves; Cicely, sweet, fresh leaves; Clary, fresh leaves;
Coriander, Bolivian, fresh leaves; Coriander, Vietnamese, fresh leaves;
Costmary, fresh leaves; Culantro, fresh leaves; Curry leaf, fresh
leaves; Curryplant, fresh leaves; Cut leaf, fresh leaves; Dokudami,
fresh leaves; Epazote, fresh leaves; Evening primrose, fresh leaves;
Fennel, common, fresh leaves; Fennel, Spanish, fresh leaves; Fenugreek,
fresh leaves; Feverfew, fresh leaves; Field pennycress, fresh leaves;
Flowers, edible, fresh, multiple species; Fumitory, fresh leaves;
Gambir, fresh leaves; Geranium, fresh leaves; Geranium, lemon, fresh
leaves; Geranium, rose, fresh leaves; Germander, golden, fresh leaves;
Gumweed, fresh leaves; Gypsywort, fresh leaves; Heal-all, fresh leaves;
Honewort, fresh leaves; Horehound, fresh leaves; Horsemint, fresh
leaves; Hyssop, fresh leaves; Hyssop, anise, fresh leaves; Jasmine,
fresh leaves; Labrador tea, fresh leaves; Lavender, fresh leaves;
Lemongrass, fresh leaves; Lemon verbena, fresh leaves; Lovage, fresh
leaves; Love-in-a-mist, fresh leaves; Marigold, fresh leaves; Marigold,
African, fresh leaves; Marigold, Aztec, fresh leaves; Marigold, French,
fresh leaves; Marigold, Irish lace, fresh leaves; Marigold, licorice,
fresh leaves; Marigold, Mexican mint, fresh leaves; Marigold, signet,
fresh leaves; Marjoram, fresh leaves; Marjoram, pot, fresh leaves;
Marjoram, sweet, fresh leaves; Marshmallow, fresh leaves; Meadowsweet,
fresh leaves; Mint, fresh leaves; Mint, corn, fresh leaves; Mint,
Korean, fresh leaves; Motherwort, fresh leaves; Monarda, fresh leaves;
Mountainmint, fresh leaves; Mountainmint, clustered, fresh leaves;
Mountainmint, hoary, fresh leaves; Mountainmint, Virginia, fresh
leaves; Mountainmint, whorled, fresh leaves; Mugwort, fresh leaves;
Mullein, fresh leaves; Nasturtium, fresh leaves; Nasturtium, bush,
fresh leaves; Nasturtium, garden, fresh leaves; Nettle, fresh leaves;
Oregano, fresh leaves; Oregano, Mexican, fresh leaves; Oregano, Puerto
Rico, fresh leaves; Oswego tea, fresh leaves; Pandan leaf, fresh
leaves; Pansy, fresh leaves; Paracress, fresh leaves; Pennyroyal, fresh
leaves; Peppermint, fresh leaves; Perilla, fresh leaves; Rose, fresh
leaves; Rosemary, fresh leaves; Sage, fresh leaves; Sage, Greek, fresh
leaves; Sage, Spanish, fresh leaves; Savory, summer, fresh leaves;
Savory, winter, fresh leaves; Sorrel, fresh leaves; Sorrel, French,
fresh leaves; Sorrel, garden, fresh leaves; Southernwood, fresh leaves;
Spearmint, fresh leaves; Spearmint, Scotch, fresh leaves; Spotted
beebalm, fresh leaves; Swamp leaf, fresh leaves; Tansy, fresh leaves;
Tarragon, fresh leaves; Thyme, fresh leaves; Thyme, creeping, fresh
leaves; Thyme, lemon, fresh leaves; Thyme, mastic, fresh leaves; Toon,
Chinese, fresh leaves; Veronica, fresh leaves; Violet, fresh leaves;
Watermint, fresh leaves; Waterpepper, fresh leaves; Wild bergamot,
fresh leaves; Wintergreen, fresh leaves; Woodruff, fresh leaves;
Wormwood, fresh leaves; Wormwood, Roman, fresh leaves; Yarrow, fresh
leaves; Yellow gentian, fresh leaves; Yerba santa, fresh leaves;
Yomogi, fresh leaves. Also included are cultivars, varieties, and
hybrids of these commodities.
ii. Herb, dried leaves subgroup 25B. (Representative commodities--
Basil, dried leaves and Mint, dried leaves). EPA is proposing 166
commodities in new subgroup 25B: Agrimony, dried leaves; Angelica,
dried leaves; Angelica, fragrant, dried leaves; Applemint, dried
leaves; Avarum, dried leaves; Balm, dried leaves; Balloon pea, dried
leaves; Barrenwort, dried leaves; Basil, dried leaves; Basil, American,
dried leaves; Basil, Greek, dried leaves; Basil, holy, dried leaves;
Basil, lemon, dried leaves; Basil, Russian, dried leaves; Bay, dried
leaves; Bisongrass, dried leaves; Boneset, dried leaves; Borage, dried
leaves; Borage, Indian, dried leaves; Burnet, dried leaves; Burnet,
garden, dried leaves; Burnet, salad, dried leaves; Butterbur, dried
leaves; Calamint, dried leaves; Calamint, large-flower, dried leaves;
Calamint, lesser, dried leaves; Calendula, dried leaves; Caltrop, dried
leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), dried leaves; Camomile (Chamomile),
German, dried leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), Roman, dried leaves;
Caraway, dried leaves; Cat's claw, dried leaves; Catnip, dried leaves;
Catnip, Japanese, dried leaves; Centaury, dried leaves; Chaste tree,
dried leaves;
[[Page 44812]]
Chervil, dried leaves; Chinese chastetree, dried leaves; Chinese
foxglove, dried leaves; Chive, dried leaves; Chive, Chinese, dried
leaves; Cicely, sweet, dried leaves; Cilantro, dried leaves; Clary,
dried leaves; Coriander, Bolivian, dried leaves; Coriander, Vietnamese,
dried leaves; Costmary, dried leaves; Creat, dried leaves; Culantro,
dried leaves; Curry leaf, dried leaves; Cut leaf, dried leaves;
Dillweed, dried leaves; Echinacea, dried leaves; Epazote, dried leaves;
Eucommia, dried leaves; Evening primrose, dried leaves; Fennel, common,
dried leaves; Fennel, Florence, dried leaves; Fennel, Spanish, dried
leaves; Fenugreek, dried leaves; Feverfew, dried leaves; Flowers,
edible, dried, multiple species; Fumitory, dried leaves; Galbanum,
dried leaves; Geranium, dried leaves; Geranium, lemon, dried leaves;
Geranium, rose, dried leaves; Germander, golden, dried leaves; Gotu
kola, dried leaves; Gumweed, dried leaves; Gymnema, dried leaves;
Gypsywort, dried leaves; Heal-all, dried leaves; Honeybush, dried
leaves; Horehound, dried leaves; Horsemint, dried leaves; Hyssop, dried
leaves; Hyssop, anise, dried leaves; Jasmine, dried leaves; Labrador
tea, dried leaves; Lavender, dried leaves; Lemongrass, dried leaves;
Lemon verbena, dried leaves; Lovage, dried leaves; Love-in-a-mist,
dried leaves; Mamaki, dried leaves; Marigold, dried leaves; Marigold,
African, dried leaves; Marigold, Aztec, dried leaves; Marigold, French,
dried leaves; Marigold, Irish lace, dried leaves; Marigold, licorice,
dried leaves; Marigold, Mexican mint, dried leaves; Marigold, signet,
dried leaves; Marjoram, dried leaves; Marjoram, pot, dried leaves;
Marjoram, sweet, dried leaves; Marshmallow, dried leaves; Meadowsweet,
dried leaves; Mint, dried leaves; Mint, corn, dried leaves; Mint,
Korean, dried leaves; Monarda, dried leaves; Motherwort, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, dried leaves; Mountainmint, clustered, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, hoary, dried leaves; Mountainmint, Virginia, dried
leaves; Mountainmint, whorled, dried leaves; Mugwort, dried leaves;
Mulberry, white, dried leaves; Mullein, dried leaves; Nasturtium, dried
leaves; Nasturtium, bush, dried leaves; Nasturtium, garden, dried
leaves; Nettle, dried leaves; Oregano, dried leaves; Oregano, Mexican,
dried leaves; Oregano, Puerto Rico, dried leaves; Oswego tea, dried
leaves; Pandan leaf, dried leaves; Pansy, dried leaves; Paracress,
dried leaves; Parsley, dried leaves; Pennyroyal, dried leaves;
Peppermint, dried leave; Perilla, dried leaves; Rooibos, dried leaves;
Rose, dried leaves; Rosemary, dried leaves; Sage, dried leaves; Sage,
Greek, dried leaves; Sage, Spanish, dried leaves; Savory, summer, dried
leaves; Savory, winter, dried leaves; Sorrel, dried leaves; Sorrel,
French, dried leaves; Sorrel, garden, dried leaves; Southernwood, dried
leaves; Spearmint, dried leaves; Spearmint, Scotch, dried leaves;
Spotted beebalm, dried leaves; Squaw vine, dried leaves; St. John's
Wort, dried leaves; Stevia, dried leaves; Tansy, dried leaves;
Tarragon, dried leaves; Thyme, dried leaves; Thyme, creeping, dried
leaves; Thyme, lemon, dried leaves; Thyme, mastic, dried leaves; Toon,
Chinese, dried leaves; Vasaka, dried leaves; Violet, dried leaves;
Watermint, dried leaves; Wild bergamot, dried leaves; Wintergreen,
dried leaves; Wood betony, dried leaves; Woodruff, dried leaves;
Wormwood, dried leaves; Wormwood, Roman, dried leaves; Yarrow, dried
leaves; Yellow gentian, dried leaves; Yerba santa, dried leaves;
Yomogi, dried leaves. Also included are cultivars, varieties, and
hybrids of these commodities.
4. Commodity definitions. In conjunction with the new Crop Group
25, EPA proposes three new commodity definitions for basil, edible
flowers, and mint. In addition, EPA proposes to amend the commodity
definition for marjoram. These commodity definitions are being proposed
as specified in the proposed regulatory text to distinguish and define
the various varieties of basil, edible flowers, marjoram, and mint.
These proposed commodity definitions, which will be defined in 40
CFR180.1(g), cover both fresh and dried leaves to be consistent with
the subgroups in proposed Crop Group 25.
The proposed basil commodity definition is needed since it is one
of the proposed representative commodities and includes several types
of basil species.
The proposed edible flowers definition is needed because there are
many flowers that are used as herbs in restaurant cuisine and are
available at limited times in grocery stores for the consumer. If
listed separately in Crop Group 25, there would be over 100 additional
commodities just for their edible flowers.
The proposed commodity definition for mint is needed since it is
one of the representative commodities and includes several mint species
(Mentha spp.), including peppermint and spearmint.
EPA is also proposing to revise the current commodity definition
for marjoram. This revision is needed to reflect the proposed Crop
Group 25 and correct plant species names.
C. Crop Group 26: Spice Group
EPA is proposing to establish a new crop group, entitled ``Crop
Group 26: Spice Group.''
1. Commodities. EPA proposes to include the following 166
commodities in Crop Group 26: Ajowan, seed, Trachyspermum ammi (L.)
Sprague ex Turrill; Allspice, Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr; Ambrette seed,
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench; Amia, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach;
Angelica, seed, Angelica archangelica L.; Angostura bark, Angostura
trifoliata (Willd.) T.S. Elias; Anise seed, Pimpinella anisum L; Anise
pepper, Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.; Anise, star, Illicium verum
Hook. f.; Annatto seed, Bixa orellana L.; Asafoetida, Ferula assa-
foetida L.; Ashwagandha, fruit, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal; Balsam,
Peruvian, Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae; Batavia-cassia,
fruit, Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume; Batavia-cassia,
bark, Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume; Belleric myrobalan,
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.; Betel vine, Piper betel L.; Black
bread weed, Nigella arvensis L.; Blue mallee, Eucalyptus polybractea
R.T. Baker; Boldo, leaves, Peumus boldus Molina; Buchi, Agathosma
betulina (P.J. Bergius) Pillans; Calamus-root, Acorus calamus L.;
Candlebush, Senna alata (L.) Roxb.; Canella bark, Canella winterana
(L.) Gaertn; Caper buds, Capparis spinosa L.; Caraway, fruit, Carum
carvi L.; Caraway, black, Nigella sativa L.; Cardamom, black, Amomum
spp.; Cardamom, Ethiopian, Aframomum corrorima (A. Braun) P.C. M.
Jansen; Cardamom, green, Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton; Cardamom,
Nepal, Amomum subulatum Roxb., Amomum aromaticum Roxb.; Cardamom-
amomum, Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton; Cascada buckthorn, bark,
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A. Gray; Cassia bark, Cinnamomum spp.; Cassia
fruit, Cinnamomum spp.; Cassia, Chinese, fruit, Cinnamomum aromaticum
Nees.; Cassia, Chinese, bark, Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees; Cat's claw,
roots, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC., Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F.
Gmel.; Catechu, bark, Senegalia catechu (L.f.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.;
Celery seed, Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.; Chervil, seed,
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.; Chaste treeberry, berry, Vitex
agnus-castus L.; Chinese chastetree, roots, Vitex negundo L.; Chinese
hawthorn, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge; Chinese nutmeg tree,
[[Page 44813]]
Torreya grandis Fortune; Chinese-pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans Hance;
Chinese prickly-ash, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim; Cinnamon, bark,
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl; Cinnamon, fruit, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl;
Cinnamon, Saigon, fruit, Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees; Cinnamon, Saigon,
bark, Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees; Clove buds, Syzygium aromaticum (L.)
Merr. & L.M. Perry; Copaiba, Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L.; Coptis,
Coptis, Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis spp. Franch., Coptis spp.;
Coriander, fruit, Coriandrum sativum L.; Coriander, seed, Coriandrum
sativum L.; Cubeb, seed, Piper cubeba L.f.; Culantro, seed, Eryngium
foetidum L.; Cumin, Cuminum cyminum L.; Cumin, black, Bunium persicum
(Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.; Daharian angelica, leaves, Angelica dahurica
(Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Franch. & Sav.; Daharian angelica, seed,
Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Franch. & Sav.; Damiana
leaf, Turnera diffusa Willd.; Dill, seed, Anethum graveolens L.;
Dorrigo pepper, berry, Tasmannia stipitata (Vick.) A.C. Smith; Dorrigo
pepper, leaf, Tasmannia stipitata (Vick.) A.C. Smith; Epimedium,
Epimedium spp.; Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus spp.; Eucommia, bark, Eucommia
ulmoides Oliv.; Felty germander, Teucrium polium L.; Fennel, common,
fruit, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare; Fennel,
common, seed, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare;
Fennel, Florence, fruit, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
azoricum (Mill.) Thell.; Fennel, Florence, seed, Foeniculum vulgare
Mill. subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.; Fennel flower, seed,
Nigella hispanica L.; Fenugreek, seed, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.;
Fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.; Frankincense, Boswellia
sacra Flueck.; Frankincense, Indian, Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex
Colebr.; Galbanum, Ferula gummosa Boiss.; Gambooge, Garcinia gummi-
gutta (L.) N. Robson; Grains of Paradise, Aframomum melegueta K.
Schum.; Grains of Selim, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich.; Guarana,
Paullinia cupana Kunth; Guaiac, Guaiacum officinale L.; Guggul,
Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari; Gum arabic, Senegalia senegal (L.)
Britton; Gum ghatti, Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex
Guill. & Perr.; Gum karaya, Stercula urens Roxb; Gum tragacanth,
Astragalus gummifer Labill.; Gymnema, dried leaves, Gymnema sylvestre
(Retz.) Schult.; Haw, black, Viburnum prunifolium L.; Honewort, seed,
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.; Imperatoria, Peucedanum officinale
L.; Iva, Achillea erba-rotta All. subsp. moschata (Wulfen) I.
Richardson; Jalap, Ipomoea purga (Wender.) Hayne; Juniper berry,
Juniperus communis L.; Kaffir lime, leaf, Citrus hystrix DC.; Kewra,
Pandanus fascicularis Lam.; Kokam, Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy;
Linden, dried leaves, Tilia americana L.; Lovage, seed, Levisticum
officinale W.D.J. Koch; Mace, Myristica fragrans Houtt.; Magnolia-bark,
Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson; Mahaleb, Prunus mahaleb L.;
Malabar cardamom, Amomum villosum Lour.; Malabathrum, Cinnamomum tamala
(Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm.; Malabar-tamarind, Garcinia spp.; Mastic,
Pistacia lentiscus L.; Micromeria, white, Micromeria fruticosa (L.)
Druce; Milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.; Mioga, Zingiber
mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe; Miracle fruit, Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach.
& Thonn.) Daniell; Mustard seed, Brassica spp. and Sinapis spp.;
Mustard, black (Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch; Mustard, brown
(Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea; Mustard, white, Sinapis alba
L. ssp. alba; Myrrh, Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl., Commiphora
africana (A. Rich.) Engl.; Myrrh, bisabol, Commiphora kataf (Forssk.)
Engl; Myrtle, dried leaves, Myrtus communis L.; Myrtle, anise, Syzygium
anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffen; Myrtle, lemon, Backhousia
citriodora F. Muell.; Nasturtium, pods, Tropaeolum spp.; Nasturtium,
bush, pods, Tropaeolum minus L.; Nasturtium, garden, pods, Tropaeolum
majus L.; Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans Houtt.; Pepper, black, Piper
nigrum L.; Pepper, white, Piper nigrum L.; Pepper, Cubeb, Piper cubeba
L.f.; Pepper, Indian long (Piper longum L.; Pepper, leaf, Piper auritum
Kunth, Piper lolot C.DC, Piper sanctum (Miq.) Schltdl., Piper
umbellatum L.; Pepper, Long, Piper longum L.; Pepper, Javanese Long,
Piper retrofractum Vahl.; Pepper, Sichuan, Zanthoxylum spp.;
Pepperbush, berry, Tasmannia spp.; Pepperbush, leaf, Tasmannia spp.;
Peppertree, Schinus spp.; Peppertree, Brazilian, Schinus
terebinthifolius Raddi; Peppertree, Peruvian, Schinus molle L.; Perilla
leaf, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton; Perilla seed, Perilla frutescens
(L.) Britton; Pine, maritime, Pinus pinaster Aiton; Pipsissewa, leaves,
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton; Poppy seed, Papaver somniferum
L. subsp. somniferum; Pygeum, Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman;
Quassia, bark, Quassia amara L.; Quebracho bark, Aspidosperma
quebracho-blanco Schltdl.; Quinine, Cinchona pubescens Vahl; Qing hua
jiao, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc; Quillaja, Quillaja
saponaria Molina; Rue, Ruta graveolens L.; Saffron crocus, Crocus
sativus L.; Sassafras, leaves, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees;
Saunders, red, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.; Simaruba, bark, Simarouba
amara Aubl.; Slippery elm, Ulmus rubra Muhl.; Sumac, fragrant, Rhus
aromatica Aiton; Sumac, smooth leaf, Rhus glabra L.; Tasmanian pepper
berry, Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Sm.; Tasmanian pepper leaf,
Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Sm.; Tsao-Ko, Amomum tsao-ko Crevost
& Lemari[eacute]; Vanilla, Vanilla planifolia Jacks.; Wattleseed,
Acacia spp.; White willow, Salix alba L.; Yellow gentian, roots,
Gentiana lutea L.; and Willow, Salix spp. Also included are cultivars,
varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
Spices are classified based on the specific plant part that is
edible. Over 2,000 commodities were researched as being members of this
crop group. The commodities proposed here were selected for this new
crop group based on similarities of growth habits and edible plant
parts that are exposed similarly to pesticides, geographical
distribution, lack of animal feed items, comparison of established
tolerances, and for international harmonization purposes. All the
spices currently included in Crop Group 19 are proposed for inclusion
in this new Crop Group 26.
Adding these spice commodities into a separate group will benefit
these growers by enabling the use of pesticides not previously
available for crop protection. Many minor spice orphan crops have
become more popular in some countries and areas today than they were at
the time Crop Group 19 was established. Increased globalization of
spices in cooking in the United States has resulted in additional
spices to be enjoyed worldwide. Some of these ``minor'' crops have
great potential to be grown on a larger scale in some areas in the
future due to their unique nutritional and medicinal values. Being
included in a crop group means that individual tolerances do not need
to be established for each commodity nor does residue data need to be
generated for each of the individual commodities. Because the demand
for spices keeps increasing in the United States, these crops may
provide local market growers new revenue opportunities for spices with
high returns per acre. Also, allowing EPA's risk assessments to focus
on the representative crop is reliable and efficient.
2. Representative commodities. EPA proposes the option of one of
the following two commodities as the
[[Page 44814]]
representative commodity for the proposed Crop Group 26: Celery seed or
Dill seed.
Most spices are not grown in the United States. Black pepper, which
is one of the representative commodities required for Crop Group 19 and
for subgroup 19B, is one such commodity that is not grown in the United
States. Black pepper has therefore become an obstacle to the
development of tolerances for herbs and spices in Crop Group 19 and for
spices in subgroup 19B. For this reason, EPA proposes to no longer list
black pepper as a representative commodity.
Crop Group 19 and subgroup 19B also provide a choice between celery
seed or dill seed as one of the representative commodities, and EPA
proposes to maintain this choice for Crop Group 26. Unlike black
pepper, celery seed and dill seed are grown in the United States and
would be significant representative commodities for the proposed Crop
Group 26. Celery seed and dill seed have similar residue levels based
on similarities of the raw agricultural commodities, cultural methods,
pest problems, and exposure to pesticide sprays. The proposed
representative commodities also cover over 99% of the total spice
production areas in the United States, and they also tend to be an
equal or more conservative estimate of tolerances and potential
residues (Ref. 8). Therefore, EPA is proposing that the representative
commodities for proposed Crop Group 26 be a choice between celery seed
or dill seed.
3. No subgroups in new Crop Group 26. EPA proposes not to establish
subgroups in new Crop Group 26. As stated previously, most spices are
not grown in the United States. Crop subgroups for spices would not be
beneficial because of the low acreage of these crops and their
inability to be readily grown in the United States, with the exception
of dill seed and celery seed. Additionally, since EPA is proposing a
choice between celery seed or dill seed, testing on only one of these
representative commodities will support a tolerance for all commodities
listed in Crop Group 26, negating the need for subgroups at this time.
D. Other Changes
1. Revisions to 180.40(j)
As noted in Unit II.D., EPA is proposing to amend paragraph (j) to
update the crop group revision process to include the current approach
being taken in this rulemaking. For this rulemaking, EPA is proposing
to amend the single Crop group 19 by splitting it into two new separate
crop groups using different names and different numbers--i.e.,
commodities in ``Herbs and Spices, group 19'' would be separated into
two new crop groups: ``Herbs, group 25'' and ``Spices, group 26''.
EPA's proposed amendment to paragraph (j) recognizes this process for
revising crop groups.
The rest of the process mirrors the current process in 40
CFR180.41(j), where EPA would: (1) No longer establish tolerances under
the pre-existing crop group; (2) amend tolerances for the pre-existing
crop group to conform them to the revised crop group at appropriate
times; and (3) remove the pre-existing crop group from the CFR once all
the tolerances for the pre-existing crop group have been updated.
EPA plans to eventually convert tolerances for any pre-existing
crop groups to tolerances with the coverage of the new crop group. This
conversion will be implemented through the registration review process
and in the course of establishing new tolerances for a pesticide. To
this end, EPA requests that petitioners for tolerances address this
issue in their petitions once this crop group rule is finalized.
IV. References
The following is a listing of the documents that are specifically
referenced in this document. The docket includes these documents and
other information considered by EPA, including documents that are
referenced within the documents that are included in the docket, even
if the referenced document is not physically located in the docket. For
assistance in locating these other documents, please consult the person
listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
1. USEPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program; Final Rule.
Federal Register (72 FR 69150, December 7, 2007) (FRL-8343-1).
2. USEPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program II; Revisions to
General Tolerance Regulations; Final Rule. Federal Register (75 FR
76284, December 8, 2010) (FRL-8853-8).
3. USEPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program III; Revisions
to General Tolerance Regulations; Final Rule. Federal Register (77
FR 50617, August 22, 2012) (FRL-9354-3).
4. USEPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program Amendment IV;
Final Rule. Federal Register (81 FR 26471, May 3, 2016) (FRL-9944-
87).
5. USEPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program; Proposed
Expansion; Proposed Rule. Federal Register (72 FR 28920, May 23,
2007) (FRL-8126-1).
6. USDA IR-4. Barney, William. USDA-IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop
Group Regulation 40 CFR 180.41(c)(26) and Commodity Definitions [40
CFR 180.1(g)] for Crop Group 19, Herb and Spice Group. May 29, 2008.
7. Schneider, Bernard A. EPA Memorandum: Crop Grouping--Part XVB:
Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop Group
Regulation 40 CFR 180.41(c)(26) and Commodity Definitions [40 CFR
180.1(g)] Related to Crop Group 19 Herb and Spice Group. Emphasis on
New Herb Crop Group 25. June 8, 2015. Updated March 21, 2017.
8. Schneider, Bernard A. EPA Memorandum: Crop Grouping--Part XVC:
Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop Group
Regulation 40 CFR 180.41(c)(26) and Commodity Definitions [40 CFR
180.1(g)] Related to Crop Group 19 Herb and Spice Group. Emphasis on
New Spice Crop Group 26. August 21, 2015. Updated March 20, 2017.
9. Schneider, Bernard A. EPA Memorandum: Crop Grouping--Part XVD:
Appendices for the Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the
Crop Group Regulation 40 CFR 180.41(c)(26) and Commodity Definitions
[40 CFR 180.1(g)] Related to Herb Crop Group 25 and Spice Crop Group
26. June 15, 2015.
10. USEPA. Economic Analysis of the Proposed Expansion of Crop
Grouping Program. February 12, 2007. EPA Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OPP-
2006-0766-0012.
11. USEPA. Burden Reduction from the Proposed Expansion of Crop
Grouping Program. June 26, 2019.
12. USEPA. Chemistry Science Advisory Council (ChemSAC) Meeting
Minutes: Summary of ChemSAC Decisions/Discussion on Herb Crop Group
25 and Spice Crop Group 26. August 30, 2017.
13. USEPA. Chemistry Science Advisory Council (ChemSAC) Meeting
Minutes: Use of Monitoring Data to Establish Import Tolerances for
Pesticide Residues in Spices. May 10, 2017.
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders
can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant regulatory action and was
therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
for review under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735; October 4, 1993)
and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011).
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
This action is expected to be an Executive Order 13771 deregulatory
action. Details on the estimated cost savings of this proposed rule can
be found in EPA's analysis of the potential
[[Page 44815]]
costs and benefits associated with this action.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This action does not impose any new information collection
requirements that would require additional review or approval by OMB
under the provisions of PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. However, this
action is expected to reduce mandatory paperwork due to a reduction in
required studies. This action will also have the effect of reducing the
number of residue chemistry studies because fewer representative crops
would need to be tested under a crop grouping scheme than would
otherwise be required.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
I certify that this action will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. In
making this determination, the impact of concern is any significant
adverse economic impact on small entities. An agency may certify that a
rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, has no
net burden or otherwise has a positive economic effect on the small
entities subject to the rule. This proposed action provides regulatory
relief and regulatory flexibility. The new crop groups ease the process
for pesticide manufacturers to obtain pesticide tolerances on greater
numbers of crops. Pesticides will be more widely available to growers
for use on crops, particularly specialty crops. Rather than having any
adverse impact on small businesses, this proposal would relieve
regulatory burden for all directly regulated small entities.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. This action imposes no enforceable duty on any
state, local or tribal governments or the private sector.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255), August 4, 1999). It will not have
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government. Thus,
Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this action.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This action does not have tribal implications as specified in
Executive Order 13175 (62 FR 19985, April 23, 1997) because it will not
have any effect on tribal governments, on the relationship between the
Federal Government and the Indian tribes, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian
tribes. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997)
as applying only to those regulatory actions that concern environmental
health or safety risks that the EPA has reason to believe may
disproportionately affect children, per the definition of ``covered
regulatory action'' in section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This
action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not
concern an environmental health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355,
May 22, 2001), because it is not a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, nor does it affect energy supply, distribution
or use.
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
This action does not involve technical standards that would require
consideration of voluntary concensus standards pursuant to NTTAA
section 12(d), 15 U.S.C. 272 note.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
This action does not involve special consideration of environmental
justice related issues as specified in Executive Order 12898 (59 FR
7629, February 16, 1994), because this action does not address human
health or environmental risks or otherwise have any disproportionate
high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority,
low-income or indigenous populations.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Administrative practice and procedure, Commodities, Environmental
protection, Pesticides and pests.
Dated: August 15, 2019.
Alexandra Dapolito Dunn,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution
Prevention.
Therefore, it is proposed that 40 CFR chapter I be amended as
follows:
PART 180--[AMENDED]
0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321 (q), 346a and 371.
0
2. In Sec. 180.1:
0
a. Add alphabetically the entries for ``Basil''; ``Flowers, edible,
multiple species''; and ``Mint'' to the table in paragraph (g).
0
b. Revise the entry for ``Marjoram'' in the table in paragraph (g).
The additions and revision read as follows:
Sec. 180.1 Definitions and interpretations.
* * * * *
(g) * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A B
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Basil (Ocimum spp.).......... Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.); Basil,
American (Ocimum americanum L.); Basil,
Greek (Ocimum minimum L.); Basil, holy
(Ocimum tenuiflorum L.); Basil, lemon
(Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.); Basil,
Russian (Ocimum gratissimum L.).
[[Page 44816]]
* * * * * * *
Flowers, edible, multiple Nasturtium (Tropaeolum spp); Rose (Rosa
species. spp.); Violet (Viola odorata L.); Acacia
Blossoms (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.);
Alyssum, Sweet (Lobularia maritima (L.)
Desv.); Anchusa, Garden (Anchusa azurea
Mill.); Angelica (Angelica archangelica
L.); Apricot, Japanese (Prunus mume
Siebold & Zucc.); Arugula (Eruca sativa
Mill.); Balm (Melissa officinalis L.);
Banana (Musa spp.); Basil (Ocimum spp.);
Begonia, Tuberous (Begonia x
tuberhybrida Voss); Bilimbi (Averrhoa
bilimbi L. ); Borage (Borago officinalis
L.); Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var.
italica Plenck); Burnet (Sanguisorba
spp.); Calendula (Calendula officinalis
L.); Caper (Capparis spinosa L.);
Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.);
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.);
Chamomile (Chamaemelum spp. and
Matricaria spp.); Chervil (Anthriscus
cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.); Chicory
(Cichorium intybus L.); Chive, Chinese
(Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.);
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum spp.);
Clary (Salvia sclarea L.); Clove
(Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.
Perry); Clover, Red (Trifolium pratense
L.); Coriander/Cilantro (Coriandrum
sativum L.); Cornflower (Centaurea
cyanus L.); Costmary (Tanacetum
balsamita L. subsp. balsamita); Daisy,
English (Bellis perennis L.); Dame's
Rocket (Hesperis matronalis L.);
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F. H.
Wigg. aggr.); Daylily (Hemerocallis
fulva (L.) L.); Dill (Anethum graveolens
L.); Elder (Sambucus nigra L.); Feijoa
(Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret);
Fennel (common) (Foeniculum vulgare
Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare);
Frangipani (Plumeria rubra L.); Fuchsia
(Fuchsia spp.); Gardenia (Gardenia
jasminoides J. Ellis); Geranium
(Pelargonium spp.); Geranium, Lemon
(Pelargonium crispum (P.J. Bergius)
L'Her.); Geranium, Rose (Pelargonium
graveolens L'H[eacute]r.); Ginger, White
(Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig);
Gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.); Hibiscus
(Hibiscus spp.); Hibiscus, Chinese
(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.); Hollyhock
(Alcea rosea L.); Honeysuckle, Japanese
(Lonicera japonica Thunb.); Hyssop,
anise (Agastache foeniculum (Pursh)
Kuntze); Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana
Hook. f.); Jasmine, Arabian (Jasminum
sambac (L.) Aiton); Kewra (Pandanus
fascicularis Lam.); Lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia Mill.); Lemon (Citrus limon
(L.) Burm. f.); Lilac (Syringa vulgaris
L.); Lily, Mariposa (C. gunnisonii);
Lily, Sego (C. nuttallii); Lotus
(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.); Lovage
(Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch);
Mallow, High (Malva sylvestris L.);
Marigold (Tagetes spp.); Marjoram
(Origanum spp.); Meadowsweet
(Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.); Mint
(Mentha spp.); Mioga (Zingiber mioga
(Thunb.) Roscoe); Monarda (Monarda
spp.); Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca
L.); Mustard (Brassica spp. and Sinapis
spp.); Nasturtium (Tropaeolum spp.);
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)
Moench); Orange, Bitter (Citrus
aurantium L.); Passion flower
(Passiflora spp.); Pea Blossoms (Pisum
sativum L. subsp. sativum var. sativum);
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var.
persica); Peony, Common (Paeonia
officinalis L.); Perilla (Perilla
frutescens (L.) Britton); Petunia
(Petunia x hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm.);
Primrose (Primula vulgaris Huds.);
Purslane, winter (Claytonia perfoliata
Donn ex Willd.); Radish (Raphanus
sativus L.); Redbud (Cercis canadensis
L.); Rose (Rosa spp.); Rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis L.); Rose-of-
Sharon ((Hibiscus syriacus L.); Runner
bean, Scarlet (Phaseolus coccineus L.);
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.);
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.); Sage,
Pineapple (Salvia elegans); Savory,
Summer (Satureja hortensis L.);
Saxifrage, Burnet (Pimpinella saxifraga
L.); Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.);
Sorrel, Garden (Rumex acetosa L.);
Sorrel, Wood (Oxalis acetosella L.);
Squash (Cucurbita spp.); Stock,
Gillyflower, Brompton stock (Matthiola
incana (L.) W. T. Aiton); Sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.); Sweet William
(Dianthus barbatus L.); Thyme (Thymus
vulgaris L.); Tuberose (Polianthes
tuberosa L.); Tulip (Tulipa spp.);
Verbena, Lemon (Aloysia citrodora
Palau); Violet (Viola spp.); Yucca
(Yucca spp.), and other edible flowers.
* * * * * * *
Marjoram (Origanum spp.)..... Marjoram (Origanum spp.); Marjoram, pot
(Origanum onites L.); Marjoram, sweet
(Origanum majorana L.); Oregano
(Origanum vulgare L.).
* * * * * * *
Mint (Mentha spp.)........... Mint (Mentha spp.); Applemint (Mentha
suaveolens Ehrh.); Horsemint (Mentha
longifolia (L.) Huds.); Mint, Corn
(Mentha arvensis L.); Peppermint
(Mentha. x piperita L.); Spearmint,
(Mentha spicata L.); Spearmint, Scotch
(Mentha x gracilis Sole); Watermint
(Mentha aquatica L.); Pennyroyal (Mentha
pulegium L.).
* * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
0
3. Amend Sec. 180.40 by revising paragraph (j) to read as follows:
Sec. 180.40 Tolerances for crop groups.
* * * * *
(j)(1) When EPA amends a crop group in a manner that expands or
contracts the commodities that are covered by the group, EPA will
initially retain the pre-existing as well as the revised crop group in
the CFR.
(2) Where the revised crop group has the same number as the pre-
existing crop group, the revised crop group number will be followed by
a hyphen and the final two digits of the year in which it was
established (e.g., if Crop Group 1 is amended in 2007, the revised
group will be designated as Crop Group 1-07). If the pre-existing crop
group had crop subgroups, these subgroups will be numbered in a similar
fashion in the revised crop group. The name of the revised crop group
will not be changed from the pre-existing crop group unless the
revision so changes the composition of the crop group that the pre-
existing name is no longer accurate.
(3) Where EPA amends a crop group by creating one or more different
crop groups, the revised crop groups will have different numbers and
names (e.g., the amendment of Crop Group 19 through the creation of
Crop Groups 25 and 26). The pre-existing crop group will be amended to
identify the revised crop group(s).
(4) Once a revised crop group is established, EPA will no longer
establish tolerances under the pre-existing crop group. At appropriate
times, EPA will amend tolerances for crop groups that have been
superseded by revised crop groups to conform the pre-existing crop
group to the revised crop group. Once all of the tolerances for the
pre-existing crop group have been updated, the pre-existing crop group
will be removed from the CFR.
* * * * *
0
4. In Sec. 180.41:
0
a. Add a new paragraph (c)(28)(iv) after the table in paragraph (iii).
0
b. Add new paragraphs (c)(34) and (35).
The additions read as follows:
[[Page 44817]]
Sec. 180.41 Crop group tables.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(28) * * *
* * * * *
(iv) After [date of publication of final rule], new herb crop group
and subgroup tolerances will be established as Crop Group 25 or
subgroups 25A and 25B, and new spice crop group tolerances will be
established as Crop Group 26.
* * * * *
(34) Crop Group 25. Herb Group.
(i) Representative commodities. Basil, dried leaves; Basil, fresh
leaves; Mint, dried leaves; and Mint, fresh leaves.
(ii) Commodities. The following Table 1 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 25 and identifies the related crop subgroups.
Table 1--Crop Group 25: Herb Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Related crop
Commodities subgroups
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agrimony, fresh leaves, Agrimonia eupatoria L........... 25A
Agrimony, dried leaves, Agrimonia eupatoria L........... 25B
Angelica, fresh leaves, Angelica archangelica L......... 25A
Angelica, dried leaves, Angelica archangelica L......... 25B
Angelica, fragrant, fresh leaves, Angelica dahurica 25A
(Hoffm.) Benth & Hook. F. ex Franch. & Sav.............
Angelica, fragrant, dried leaves, Angelica dahurica 25B
(Hoffm.) Benth & Hook. F. ex Franch. & Sav.............
Applemint, fresh leaves, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh......... 25A
Applemint, dried leaves, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh......... 25B
Avarum, fresh leaves, Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb........ 25A
Avarum, dried leaves, Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb........ 25B
Balm, fresh leaves, Melissa officinalis L............... 25A
Balm, dried leaves, Melissa officinalis L............... 25B
Balloon pea, fresh leaves, Lessertia frutescens (L.) 25A
Goldblatt & J.C. Manning...............................
Balloon pea, dried leaves, Lessertia frutescens (L.) 25B
Goldblatt & J.C. Manning...............................
Barrenwort, fresh leaves, Epimedium grandiflorum C. 25A
Morren.................................................
Barrenwort, dried leaves, Epimedium grandiflorum C. 25B
Morren.................................................
Basil, fresh leaves, Ocimum basilicum L................. 25A
Basil, dried leaves, Ocimum basilicum L................. 25B
Basil, American, fresh leaves, Ocimum americanum L...... 25A
Basil, American, dried leaves, Ocimum americanum L...... 25B
Basil, Greek, fresh leaves, Ocimum minimum L............ 25A
Basil, Greek, dried leaves, Ocimum minimum L............ 25B
Basil, holy, fresh leaves, Ocimum tenuiflorum L......... 25A
Basil, holy, dried leaves, Ocimum tenuiflorum L......... 25B
Basil, lemon, fresh leaves, Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.... 25A
Basil, lemon, dried leaves, Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.... 25B
Basil, Russian, fresh leaves, Ocimum gratissimum L...... 25A
Basil, Russian, dried leaves, Ocimum gratissimum L...... 25B
Bay, fresh leaves, Laurus nobilis L..................... 25A
Bay, dried leaves, Laurus nobilis L..................... 25B
Bisongrass, fresh leaves, Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. 25A
Schouten & Veldkamp....................................
Bisongrass, dried leaves, Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. 25B
Schouten & Veldkamp....................................
Blue mallow, fresh leaves, Malva sylvestris L........... 25A
Boneset, fresh leaves, Eupatorium perfoliatum L......... 25A
Boneset, dried leaves, Eupatorium perfoliatum L......... 25B
Borage, fresh leaves, Borago officinalis L.............. 25A
Borage, dried leaves, Borago officinalis L.............. 25B
Borage, Indian, fresh leaves, Plectranthus amboinicus 25A
(Lour.) Spreng.........................................
Borage, Indian, dried leaves, Plectranthus amboinicus 25B
(Lour.) Spreng.........................................
Burnet, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba spp................... 25A
Burnet, dried leaves, Sanguisorba spp................... 25B
Burnet, garden, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba officinalis L. 25A
Burnet, garden, dried leaves, Sanguisorba officinalis L. 25B
Burnet, salad, fresh leaves Sanguisorba minor Scop...... 25A
Burnet, salad, dried leaves Sanguisorba minor Scop...... 25B
Butterbur, dried leaves, Petasites hybridus (L.) G. 25B
Gaertn. Et al., P. frigidus (L.) Fr....................
Calamint, fresh leaves, Clinopodium spp................. 25A
Calamint, dried leaves, Clinopodium spp................. 25B
Calamint, large-flower, fresh leaves, Clinopodium 25A
grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze...............................
Calamint, large-flower, dried leaves, Clinopodium 25B
grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze...............................
Calamint, lesser, fresh leaves, Clinopodium nepeta (L.) 25A
Kuntze.................................................
Calamint, lesser, dried leaves, Clinopodium nepeta (L.) 25B
Kuntze.................................................
Calendula, fresh leaves, Calendula officinalis L........ 25A
Calendula, dried leaves, Calendula officinalis L........ 25B
Caltrop, fresh leaves, Tribulus terrestris L............ 25A
Caltrop, dried leaves, Tribulus terrestris L............ 25B
Camomile (Chamomile), fresh leaves, Chamaemelum spp. and 25A
Matricaria spp.........................................
Camomile (Chamomile), dried leaves, Chamaemelum spp. and 25B
Matricaria spp.........................................
Camomile (Chamomile), German, fresh leaves, Matricaria 25A
recutita L.............................................
Camomile (Chamomile), German, dried leaves, Matricaria 25B
recutita L.............................................
Camomile (Chamomile), Roman, fresh leaves, Chamaemelum 25A
nobile (L.) AlL........................................
Camomile (Chamomile), Roman, dried leaves, Chamaemelum 25B
nobile (L.) AlL........................................
[[Page 44818]]
Caraway, fresh leaves, Carum carvi L.................... 25A
Caraway, dried leaves, Carum carvi L.................... 25B
Cat's claw, dried leaves, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) 25B
DC., Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. GmeL..............
Catnip, fresh leaves, Nepeta cataria L.................. 25A
Catnip, dried leaves, Nepeta cataria L.................. 25B
Catnip, Japanese, fresh leaves, Schizonepeta multifida 25A
(L.) Briq..............................................
Catnip, Japanese, dried leaves, Schizonepeta multifida 25B
(L.) Briq..............................................
Celandine, greater, fresh leaves, Chelidonium majus L... 25A
Celandine, lesser, fresh leaves, Ficaria verna Huds..... 25A
Centaury, fresh leaves, Centaurium erythrarae Rafn...... 25A
Centaury, dried leaves, Centaurium erythrarae Rafn...... 25B
Chaste tree, fresh leaves, Vitex agnus-castus L......... 25A
Chaste tree, dried leaves, Vitex agnus-castus L......... 25B
Chervil, dried leaves, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. 25B
Chinese chastetree, dried leaves, Vitex negundo L....... 25B
Chinese foxglove, dried leaves, Rehmannia glutinosa 25B
(Gaertn.) Steud........................................
Chive, dried leaves, Allium schoenoprasum L............. 25B
Chive, Chinese, dried leaves, Allium tuberosum Rottler 25B
ex Spreng..............................................
Cicely, sweet, fresh leaves, Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.. 25A
Cicely, sweet, dried leaves, Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.. 25B
Cilantro, dried leaves, Coriandrum sativum L............ 25B
Clary, fresh leaves, Salvia sclarea L................... 25A
Clary, dried leaves, Salvia sclarea L................... 25B
Coriander, Bolivian, fresh leaves, Porophyllum ruderale 25A
(Jacq.) Cass...........................................
Coriander, Bolivian, dried leaves, Porophyllum ruderale 25B
(Jacq.) Cass...........................................
Coriander, Vietnamese, fresh leaves, Persicaria odorata 25A
(Lour.) Sojak..........................................
Coriander, Vietnamese, dried leaves, Persicaria odorata 25B
(Lour.) Sojak..........................................
Costmary, fresh leaves, Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. 25A
Balsamita..............................................
Costmary, dried leaves, Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. 25B
Balsamita..............................................
Creat, dried leaves, Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) 25B
Wall. Ex Nees..........................................
Culantro, fresh leaves, Eryngium foetidum L............. 25A
Culantro, dried leaves, Eryngium foetidum L............. 25B
Curry leaf, fresh leaves, Bergera koenigii L............ 25A
Curry leaf, dried leaves, Bergera koenigii L............ 25B
Curryplant, fresh leaves, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. 25A
Don....................................................
Cut leaf, fresh leaves, Prostanthera incisa R. Br....... 25A
Cut leaf, dried leaves, Prostanthera incisa R. Br....... 25B
Dillweed, dried leaves, Anethum graveolens L............ 25B
Dokudami, fresh leaves, Houttuynia cordata Thunb........ 25A
Echinacea, dried leaves, Echinacea angustifolia DC...... 25B
Epazote, fresh leaves, Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) 25A
Mosyakin & Clemants....................................
Epazote, dried leaves, Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) 25B
Mosyakin & Clemants....................................
Eucommia, dried leaves, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.......... 25B
Evening primrose, fresh leaves, Oenothera biennis L..... 25A
Evening primrose, dried leaves, Oenothera biennis L..... 25B
Fennel, common, fresh leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 25A
Subsp. vulgare var. vulgare............................
Fennel, common, dried leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 25B
Subsp. vulgare var. vulgare............................
Fennel, Florence, dried leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 25B
Subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) ThelL.............
Fennel, Spanish, fresh leaves, Nigella spp.............. 25A
Fennel, Spanish, dried leaves, Nigella spp.............. 25B
Fenugreek, fresh leaves, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.... 25A
Fenugreek, dried leaves, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.... 25B
Feverfew, fresh leaves, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. 25A
Bip....................................................
Feverfew, dried leaves, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. 25B
Bip....................................................
Field pennycress, fresh leaves, Thlaspi arvense L....... 25A
Flowers, edible, fresh, multiple species................ 25A
Flowers, edible, dried, multiple species................ 25B
Fumitory, fresh leaves, Fumaria officinalis L........... 25A
Fumitory, dried leaves, Fumaria officinalis L........... 25B
Galbanum, dried leaves, Ferula gummosa Boiss............ 25B
Gambir, fresh leaves, Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb... 25A
Geranium, fresh leaves, Pelargonium spp................. 25A
Geranium, dried leaves, Pelargonium spp................. 25B
Geranium, lemon, fresh leaves, Pelargonium crispum (P. 25A
J. Bergius) L'Her......................................
Geranium, lemon, dried leaves, Pelargonium crispum (P. 25B
J. Bergius) L'Her......................................
Geranium, rose, fresh leaves, Pelargonium graveolens 25A
L'Her..................................................
Geranium, rose, dried leaves, Pelargonium graveolens 25B
L'Her..................................................
Germander, golden, fresh leaves, Teucrium polium L...... 25A
Germander, golden, dried leaves, Teucrium polium L...... 25B
Gotu kola, dried leaves, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb..... 25B
Gumweed, fresh leaves, Grindelia camporum Greene........ 25A
[[Page 44819]]
Gumweed, dried leaves, Grindelia camporum Greene........ 25B
Gymnema, dried leaves, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. 25B
Gypsywort, fresh leaves, Lycopus europaeus L............ 25A
Gypsywort, dried leaves, Lycopus europaeus L............ 25B
Heal-all, fresh leaves, Prunella vulgaris L............. 25A
Heal-all, dried leaves, Prunella vulgaris L............. 25B
Honewort, fresh leaves, Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 25A
Honeybush, dried leaves, Cyclopia genistoides (L.) R. Br 25B
Horehound, fresh leaves, Marrubium vulgare L............ 25A
Horehound, dried leaves, Marrubium vulgare L............ 25B
Horsemint, fresh leaves, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.... 25A
Horsemint, dried leaves, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.... 25B
Hyssop, fresh leaves, Hyssopus officinalis L............ 25A
Hyssop, dried leaves, Hyssopus officinalis L............ 25B
Hyssop, anise, fresh leaves, Agastache foeniculum 25A
(Pursh) Kuntze.........................................
Hyssop, anise, dried leaves, Agastache foeniculum 25B
(Pursh) Kuntze.........................................
Jasmine, fresh leaves, Jasminum officinale L., J. 25A
odoratissimum L........................................
Jasmine, dried leaves, Jasminum officinale L., J. 25B
odoratissimum L........................................
Labrador tea, fresh leaves, Rhododendron groenlandicum 25A
(Oeder) Kron & Judd, R. tomentosum Harmaja.............
Labrador tea, dried leaves, Rhododendron groenlandicum 25B
(Oeder) Kron & Judd, R. tomentosum Harmaja.............
Lavender, fresh leaves, Lavandula angustifolia MilL..... 25A
Lavender, dried leaves, Lavandula angustifolia MilL..... 25B
Lemongrass, fresh leaves, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) 25A
Stapf..................................................
Lemongrass, dried leaves, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) 25B
Stapf..................................................
Lemon verbena, fresh leaves, Aloysia citrodora Palau.... 25A
Lemon verbena, dried leaves, Aloysia citrodora Palau.... 25B
Lovage, fresh leaves, Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch. 25A
Lovage, dried leaves, Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch. 25B
Love-in-a-mist, fresh leaves, Nigella damascena L....... 25A
Love-in-a-mist, dried leaves, Nigella damascena L....... 25B
Mamaki, dried leaves, Pipturus arborescens (Link) C.B. 25B
Rob....................................................
Marigold, fresh leaves, Tagetes spp..................... 25A
Marigold, dried leaves, Tagetes spp..................... 25B
Marigold, African, fresh leaves, Tagetes erecta L....... 25A
Marigold, African, dried leaves, Tagetes erecta L....... 25B
Marigold, Aztec, fresh leaves, Tagetes minuta L......... 25A
Marigold, Aztec, dried leaves, Tagetes minuta L......... 25B
Marigold, French, fresh leaves, Tagetes patula L........ 25A
Marigold, French, dried leaves, Tagetes patula L........ 25B
Marigold, Irish lace, fresh leaves, Tagetes filifolia 25A
Lag....................................................
Marigold, Irish lace, dried leaves, Tagetes filifolia 25B
Lag....................................................
Marigold, licorice, fresh leaves, Tagetes micrantha Cav. 25A
Marigold, licorice, dried leaves, Tagetes micrantha Cav. 25B
Marigold, Mexican mint, fresh leaves, Tagetes lucida Cav 25A
Marigold, Mexican mint, dried leaves, Tagetes lucida Cav 25B
Marigold, signet, fresh leaves, Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.. 25A
Marigold, signet, dried leaves, Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.. 25B
Marjoram, fresh leaves, Origanum spp.................... 25A
Marjoram, dried leaves, Origanum spp.................... 25B
Marjoram, pot, fresh leaves, Origanum onites L.......... 25A
Marjoram, pot, dried leaves, Origanum onites L.......... 25B
Marjoram, sweet, fresh leaves, Origanum majorana L...... 25A
Marjoram, sweet, dried leaves, Origanum majorana L...... 25B
Marshmallow, fresh leaves, Althaea officinalis L........ 25A
Marshmallow, dried leaves, Althaea officinalis L........ 25B
Meadowsweet, fresh leaves, Filipendula ulmaria (L.) 25A
Maxim..................................................
Meadowsweet, dried leaves, Filipendula ulmaria (L.) 25B
Maxim..................................................
Mint, fresh leaves, Mentha spp.......................... 25A
Mint, dried leaves, Mentha spp.......................... 25B
Mint, corn, fresh leaves, Mentha arvensis L............. 25A
Mint, corn, dried leaves, Mentha arvensis L............. 25B
Mint, Korean, fresh leaves, Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & 25A
C.A. Mey.) Kun.........................................
Mint, Korean, dried leaves, Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & 25B
C.A. Mey.) Kun.........................................
Monarda, fresh leaves, Monarda spp...................... 25A
Monarda, dried leaves, Monarda spp...................... 25B
Motherwort, fresh leaves, Leonurus cardiaca L........... 25A
Motherwort, dried leaves, Leonurus cardiaca L........... 25B
Mountainmint, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum spp............ 25A
Mountainmint, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum spp............ 25B
Mountainmint, clustered, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum 25A
muticum (Michx.) Pers..................................
Mountainmint, clustered, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum 25B
muticum (Michx.) Pers..................................
[[Page 44820]]
Mountainmint, hoary, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum incanum 25A
Michx..................................................
Mountainmint, hoary, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum incanum 25B
Michx..................................................
Mountainmint, Virginia, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum 25A
virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. Ex B.L. Rob. &
FernaL.................................................
Mountainmint, Virginia, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum 25B
virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. ex B.L. Rob. &
FernaL.................................................
Mountainmint, whorled, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum 25A
verticillatum (Michx.) Pers............................
Mountainmint, whorled, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum 25B
verticillatum (Michx.) Pers............................
Mugwort, fresh leaves, Artemisia vulgaris L............. 25A
Mugwort, dried leaves, Artemisia vulgaris L............. 25B
Mulberry, white, dried leaves, Morus alba L............. 25B
Mullein, fresh leaves, Verbascum densiflorum Bertol., 25A
Verbascum spp..........................................
Mullein, dried leaves, Verbascum densiflorum Bertol., 25B
Verbascum spp..........................................
Nasturtium, fresh leaves, Tropaeolum spp................ 25A
Nasturtium, dried leaves, Tropaeolum spp................ 25B
Nasturtium, bush fresh leaves, Tropaeolum minus L....... 25A
Nasturtium, bush dried leaves, Tropaeolum minus L....... 25B
Nasturtium, garden, fresh leaves, Tropaeolum majus L.... 25A
Nasturtium, garden, dried leaves, Tropaeolum majus L.... 25B
Nettle, fresh leaves, Urtica dioica L................... 25A
Nettle, dried leaves, Urtica dioica L................... 25B
Oregano, fresh leaves, Origanum vulgare L............... 25A
Oregano, dried leaves, Origanum vulgare L............... 25B
Oregano, Mexican, fresh leaves, Lippia graveolens Kunth. 25A
Oregano, Mexican, dried leaves, Lippia graveolens Kunth. 25B
Oregano, Puerto Rico, fresh leaves, Lippia micromera 25A
Schauer................................................
Oregano, Puerto Rico, dried leaves, Lippia micromera 25B
Schauer................................................
Oswego tea, fresh leaves, Monarda didyma L.............. 25A
Oswego tea, dried leaves, Monarda didyma L.............. 25B
Pandan leaf, fresh leaves, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Roxb 25A
Pandan leaf, dried leaves, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Roxb 25B
Pansy, fresh leaves, Viola tricolor L................... 25A
Pansy, dried leaves, Viola tricolor L................... 25B
Paracress, fresh leaves, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. 25A
Jansen.................................................
Paracress, dried leaves, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. 25B
Jansen.................................................
Parsley, dried leaves, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss 25B
Pennyroyal, fresh leaves, Mentha pulegium L............. 25A
Pennyroyal, dried leaves, Mentha pulegium L............. 25B
Peppermint, fresh leaves, Mentha x piperita L........... 25A
Peppermint, dried leaves, Mentha x piperita L........... 25B
Perilla, fresh leaves, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.. 25A
Perilla, dried leaves, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.. 25B
Rooibos, dried leaves, Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. 25B
Dahlgren...............................................
Rose, fresh leaves, Rosa spp............................ 25A
Rose, dried leaves, Rosa spp............................ 25B
Rosemary, fresh leaves, Rosmarinus officinalis L........ 25A
Rosemary, dried leaves, Rosmarinus officinalis L........ 25B
Sage, fresh leaves, Salvia officinalis L................ 25A
Sage, dried leaves, Salvia officinalis L................ 25B
Sage, Greek, fresh leaves, Salvia fruticosa MilL........ 25A
Sage, Greek, dried leaves, Salvia fruticosa MilL........ 25B
Sage, Spanish, fresh leaves, Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. 25A
Sage, Spanish, dried leaves, Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. 25B
Savory, summer, fresh leaves, Satureja hortensis L...... 25A
Savory, summer, dried leaves, Satureja hortensis L...... 25B
Savory, winter, fresh leaves, Satureja montana L........ 25A
Savory, winter, dried leaves, Satureja montana L........ 25B
Sorrel, fresh leaves, Rumex spp......................... 25A
Sorrel, dried leaves, Rumex spp......................... 25B
Sorrel, French, fresh leaves, Rumex scutatus L.......... 25A
Sorrel, French, dried leaves, Rumex scutatus L.......... 25B
Sorrel, garden, fresh leaves, Rumex acetosa L........... 25A
Sorrel, garden, dried leaves, Rumex acetosa L........... 25B
Southernwood, fresh leaves, Artemisia abrotanum L....... 25A
Southernwood, dried leaves, Artemisia abrotanum L....... 25B
Spearmint, fresh leaves, Mentha spicata L............... 25A
Spearmint, dried leaves, Mentha spicata L............... 25B
Spearmint, Scotch, fresh leaves, Mentha x gracilis SoL.. 25A
Spearmint, Scotch, dried leaves, Mentha x gracilis SoL.. 25B
Spotted beebalm, fresh leaves, Monarda punctata L....... 25A
Spotted beebalm, dried leaves, Monarda punctata L....... 25B
Squaw vine, dried leaves, Mitchella repens L............ 25B
St. John's Wort, dried leaves, Hypericum perforatum L... 25B
[[Page 44821]]
Stevia, dried leaves, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) 25B
Bertoni................................................
Swamp leaf, fresh leaves, Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) 25A
Merr...................................................
Tansy, fresh leaves, Tanacetum vulgare L................ 25A
Tansy, dried leaves, Tanacetum vulgare L................ 25B
Tarragon, fresh leaves, Artemisia dracunculus L......... 25A
Tarragon, dried leaves, Artemisia dracunculus L......... 25B
Thyme, fresh leaves, Thymus spp......................... 25A
Thyme, dried leaves, Thymus spp......................... 25B
Thyme, creeping, fresh leaves, Thymus serpyllum L....... 25A
Thyme, creeping, dried leaves, Thymus serpyllum L....... 25B
Thyme, lemon, fresh leaves, Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) 25A
Schreb.................................................
Thyme, lemon, dried leaves, Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) 25B
Schreb.................................................
Thyme, mastic, fresh leaves, Thymus mastichina (L.) L... 25A
Thyme, mastic, dried leaves, Thymus mastichina (L.) L... 25B
Toon, Chinese, fresh leaves, Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) 25A
M. Roem................................................
Toon, Chinese, dried leaves, Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) 25B
M. Roem................................................
Vasaka, dried leaves, Justicia adhatoda L............... 25B
Veronica, fresh leaves, Veronica officinalis L.......... 25A
Violet, fresh leaves, Viola odorata L................... 25A
Violet, dried leaves, Viola odorata L................... 25B
Watermint, fresh leaves, Mentha aquatica L.............. 25A
Watermint, dried leaves, Mentha aquatica L.............. 25B
Waterpepper, fresh leaves, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) 25A
Delarbre...............................................
Wild bergamot, fresh leaves, Monarda fistulosa L........ 25A
Wild bergamot, dried leaves, Monarda fistulosa L........ 25B
Wintergreen, fresh leaves, Gaultheria procumbens L...... 25A
Wintergreen, dried leaves, Gaultheria procumbens L...... 25B
Wood betony, dried leaves, Stachys officinalis (L.) 25B
Trevis.................................................
Woodruff, fresh leaves, Galium odoratum (L.) Scop....... 25A
Woodruff, dried leaves, Galium odoratum (L.) Scop....... 25B
Wormwood, fresh leaves, Artemisia absinthium L.......... 25A
Wormwood, dried leaves, Artemisia absinthium L.......... 25B
Wormwood, Roman, fresh leaves, Artemisia pontica L...... 25A
Wormwood, Roman, dried leaves, Artemisia pontica L...... 25B
Yarrow, fresh leaves, Achillea millefolium L............ 25A
Yarrow, dried leaves, Achillea millefolium L............ 25B
Yellow gentian, fresh leaves, Gentiana lutea L.......... 25A
Yellow gentian, dried leaves, Gentiana lutea L.......... 25B
Yerba santa, fresh leaves, Eriodictyon californicum 25A
(Hook. & Arn.) Torr....................................
Yerba santa, dried leaves, Eriodictyon californicum 25B
(Hook. & Arn.) Torr....................................
Yomogi, fresh leaves, Artemisia princeps L.............. 25A
Yomogi, dried leaves, Artemisia princeps L.............. 25B
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.. ..............
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Crop subgroups. The following Table 2 identifies the crop
subgroups for Crop Group 25, specifies the representative commodities
for each subgroup, and lists all the commodities included in each
subgroup.
[[Page 44822]]
Table 2--Crop Group 25: Subgroup Listing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative commodities Commodities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Subgroup 25A. Herb Fresh Leaves Subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basil, fresh leaves and mint, Agrimony, fresh leaves; Angelica, fresh
fresh leaves. leaves; Angelica, fragrant, fresh
leaves; Applemint, fresh leaves; Avarum,
fresh leaves; Balloon pea, fresh leaves;
Barrenwort, fresh leaves; Balm, fresh
leaves; Basil, fresh leaves; Basil,
American, fresh leaves; Basil, Greek,
fresh leaves; Basil, holy, fresh leaves;
Basil, lemon, fresh leaves; Basil,
Russian, fresh leaves; Bay, fresh
leaves; Bisongrass, fresh leaves; Blue
mallow, fresh leaves; Boneset, fresh
leaves; Borage, fresh leaves; Borage,
Indian, fresh leaves; Burnet, fresh
leaves; Burnet, garden, fresh leaves;
Burnet, salad, fresh leaves; Calamint,
fresh leaves; Calamint, large-flower,
fresh leaves; Calamint, lesser, fresh
leaves; Calendula, fresh leaves;
Caltrop, fresh leaves; Camomile, fresh
leaves; Camomile, German, fresh leaves;
Camomile, Roman, fresh leaves; Caraway,
fresh leaves; Catnip, fresh leaves;
Catnip, Japanese, fresh leaves;
Celandine, greater, fresh leaves;
Celandine, lesser, fresh leaves;
Centaury, fresh leaves; Chaste tree,
fresh leaves; Cicely, sweet, fresh
leaves; Clary, fresh leaves; Coriander,
Bolivian, fresh leaves; Coriander,
Vietnamese, fresh leaves; Costmary,
fresh leaves; Culantro, fresh leaves;
Curry leaf, fresh leaves; Curryplant,
fresh leaves; Cut leaf, fresh leaves;
Dokudami, fresh leaves; Epazote, fresh
leaves; Evening primrose, fresh leaves;
Fennel, common, fresh leaves; Fennel,
Spanish, fresh leaves; Fenugreek, fresh
leaves; Feverfew, fresh leaves; Field
pennycress, fresh leaves; Flowers,
edible, fresh; Fumitory, fresh leaves;
Gambir, fresh leaves; Geranium, fresh
leaves; Geranium, lemon, fresh leaves;
Geranium, rose, fresh leaves; Germander,
golden, fresh leaves; Gumweed, fresh
leaves; Gypsywort, fresh leaves; Heal-
all, fresh leaves; Honewort, fresh
leaves; Horehound, fresh leaves;
Horsemint, fresh leaves; Hyssop, fresh
leaves; Hyssop, anise, fresh leaves;
Jasmine, fresh leaves; Labrador tea,
fresh leaves; Lavender, fresh leaves;
Lemongrass, fresh leaves; Lemon verbena,
fresh leaves; Lovage, fresh leaves; Love-
in-a-mist, fresh leaves; Marigold, fresh
leaves; Marigold, African, fresh leaves;
Marigold, Aztec, fresh leaves; Marigold,
French, fresh leaves; Marigold, Irish
lace, fresh leaves; Marigold, licorice,
fresh leaves; Marigold, Mexican mint,
fresh leaves; Marigold, signet, fresh
leaves; Marjoram, fresh leaves;
Marjoram, pot, fresh leaves; Marjoram,
sweet, fresh leaves; Marshmallow, fresh
leaves; Meadowsweet, fresh leaves; Mint,
fresh leaves; Mint, corn, fresh leaves;
Mint, Korean, fresh leaves; Monarda,
fresh leaves; Motherwort, fresh leaves;
Mountainmint, fresh leaves;
Mountainmint, clustered, fresh leaves;
Mountainmint, hoary, fresh leaves;
Mountainmint, Virginia, fresh leaves;
Mountainmint, whorled, fresh leaves;
Mugwort, fresh leaves; Mullein, fresh
leaves; Nasturtium, fresh leaves;
Nasturtium, bush, fresh leaves;
Nasturtium, garden, fresh leaves;
Nettle, fresh leaves; Oregano, fresh
leaves; Oregano, Mexican, fresh leaves;
Oregano, Puerto Rico, fresh leaves;
Oswego tea, fresh leaves; Pandan leaf,
fresh leaves; Pansy, fresh leaves;
Paracress, fresh leaves; Pennyroyal,
fresh leaves; Peppermint, fresh leaves;
Perilla, fresh leaves; Rose, fresh
leaves; Rosemary, fresh leaves; Sage,
fresh leaves; Sage, Greek, fresh leaves;
Sage, Spanish, fresh leaves; Savory,
summer, fresh leaves; Savory, winter,
fresh leaves; Sorrel, fresh leaves;
Sorrel, French, fresh leaves; Sorrel,
garden, fresh leaves; Southernwood,
fresh leaves; Spearmint, fresh leaves;
Spearmint, Scotch, fresh leaves; Spotted
beebalm, fresh leaves; Swamp leaf, fresh
leaves; Tansy, fresh leaves; Tarragon,
fresh leaves; Thyme, fresh leaves;
Thyme, creeping, fresh leaves; Thyme,
lemon, fresh leaves; Thyme, mastic,
fresh leaves; Toon, Chinese, fresh
leaves; Veronica, fresh leaves; Violet,
fresh leaves; Watermint, fresh leaves;
Waterpepper, fresh leaves; Wild
bergamot, fresh leaves; Wintergreen,
fresh leaves; Woodruff, fresh leaves;
Wormwood, fresh leaves; Wormwood, Roman,
fresh leaves; Yarrow, fresh leaves;
Yellow gentian, fresh leaves; Yerba
santa, fresh leaves; Yomogi, fresh
leaves; cultivars, varieties, and/or
hybrids of these.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 44823]]
Crop Subgroup 25B. Herb Dried Leaves Subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basil, dried leaves and mint, Agrimony, dried leaves; Angelica, dried
dried leaves. leaves; Angelica, fragrant, dried
leaves; Applemint, dried leaves; Avarum,
dried leaves; Balloon pea, dried leaves;
Balm, dried leaves; Barrenwort, dried
leaves; Basil, dried leaves; Basil,
American, dried leaves; Basil, Greek,
dried leaves; Basil, holy, dried leaves;
Basil, lemon, dried leaves; Basil,
Russian, dried leaves; Bay, dried
leaves; Bisongrass, dried leaves;
Boneset, dried leaves; Borage, dried
leaves; Borage, Indian, dried leaves;
Burnet, dried leaves; Burnet, garden,
dried leaves; Burnet, salad, dried
leaves; Butterbur, dried leaves;
Calamint, dried leaves; Calamint, large-
flower, dried leaves; Calamint, lesser,
dried leaves; Calendula, dried leaves;
Caltrop, dried leaves; Camomile, dried
leaves; Camomile, German, dried leaves;
Camomile, Roman, dried leaves; Caraway,
dried leaves; Cat's claw, dried leaves;
Catnip, dried leaves; Catnip, Japanese,
dried leaves; Centaury, dried leaves;
Chaste tree, dried leaves; Chervil,
dried leaves; Chinese chastetree, dried
leaves; Chinese foxglove, dried leaves;
Chive, dried leaves; Chive, Chinese,
dried leaves; Cicely, sweet, dried
leaves; Cilantro, dried leaves; Clary,
dried leaves; Coriander, Bolivian, dried
leaves; Coriander, Vietnamese, dried
leaves; Costmary, dried leaves; Creat,
dried leaves; Culantro, dried leaves;
Curry leaf, dried leaves; Cut leaf,
dried leaves; Dillweed, dried leaves;
Echinacea, dried leaves; Epazote, dried
leaves; Eucommia, dried leaves; Evening
primrose, dried leaves; Fennel, common,
dried leaves; Fennel, Florence, dried
leaves; Fennel, Spanish, dried leaves;
Fenugreek, dried leaves; Feverfew, dried
leaves; Flowers, edible, dried;
Fumitory, dried leaves; Geranium, dried
leaves; Geranium, lemon, dried leaves;
Geranium, rose, dried leaves; Germander,
golden, dried leaves; Gotu kola, dried
leaves; Gumweed, dried leaves; Gymnema,
dried leaves; Gypsywort, dried leaves;
Heal-all, dried leaves; Honeybush, dried
leaves; Horehound, dried leaves;
Horsemint, dried leaves; Hyssop, dried
leaves; Hyssop, anise, dried leaves;
Jasmine, dried leaves; Labrador, tea,
dried leaves; Lavender, dried leaves;
Lemongrass, dried leaves; Lemon verbena,
dried leaves; Lovage, dried leaves; Love-
in-a-mist, dried leaves; Mamaki, dried
leaves; Marigold, dried leaves;
Marigold, African, dried leaves;
Marigold, Aztec, dried leaves; Marigold,
French, dried leaves; Marigold, Irish
lace, dried leaves; Marigold, licorice,
dried leaves; Marigold, Mexican mint,
dried leaves; Marigold, signet, dried
leaves; Marjoram, dried leaves;
Marjoram, pot, dried leaves; Marjoram,
sweet, dried leaves; Marshmallow, dried
leaves; Meadowsweet, dried leaves; Mint,
dried leaves; Mint, corn, dried leaves;
Mint, Korean, dried leaves; Monarda,
dried leaves; Motherwort, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, clustered, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, hoary, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, Virginia, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, whorled, dried leaves;
Mugwort, dried leaves; Mulberry, white,
dried leaves; Mullein, dried leaves;
Nasturtium, dried leaves; Nasturtium,
bush dried leaves; Nasturtium, garden,
dried leaves; Nettle, dried leaves;
Oregano, dried leaves; Oregano, Mexican,
dried leaves; Oregano, Puerto Rico,
dried leaves; Oswego tea, dried leaves;
Pandan leaf, dried leaves; Pansy, dried
leaves; Paracress, dried leaves;
Parsley, dried leaves; Pennyroyal, dried
leaves; Peppermint, dried leaves;
Perilla, dried leaves; Rooibos, dried
leaves; Rose, dried leaves; Rosemary,
dried leaves; Sage, dried leaves; Sage,
Greek, dried leaves; Sage, Spanish,
dried leaves; Savory, summer, dried
leaves; Savory, winter, dried leaves;
Sorrel, dried leaves; Sorrel, French,
dried leaves; Sorrel, garden, dried
leaves; Southernwood, dried leaves;
Spearmint, dried leaves; Spearmint,
Scotch, dried leaves; Spotted beebalm,
dried leaves; Squaw vine, dried leaves;
St. John's Wort, dried leaves; Stevia,
dried leaves; Tansy, dried leaves;
Tarragon, dried leaves; Thyme, dried
leaves; Thyme, creeping, dried leaves;
Thyme, lemon, dried leaves; Thyme,
mastic, dried leaves; Toon, Chinese,
dried leaves; Vasaka, dried leaves;
Violet, dried leaves; Watermint, dried
leaves; Wild bergamot, dried leaves;
Wintergreen, dried leaves; Wood betony,
dried leaves; Woodruff, dried leaves;
Wormwood, dried leaves; Wormwood, Roman,
dried leaves; Yarrow, dried leaves;
Yellow gentian, dried leaves; Yerba
santa, dried leaves; Yomogi, dried
leaves; cultivars, varieties, and/or
hybrids of these.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(35) Crop Group 26. Spice Group.
(i) Representative commodities. Dill seed or Celery seed.
(ii) Commodities. The following Table 1 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 26.
Table 1--Crop Group 26: Spice Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commodities
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ajowan, seed, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill
Allspice, Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.
Ambrette seed, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Amia, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach
Angelica, seed, Angelica archangelica L.
Angostura bark, Angostura trifoliata (Willd.) T.S. Elias
Anise seed, Pimpinella anisum L.
Anise pepper, Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.
Anise, star, Illicium verum Hook. f.
Annatto seed, Bixa orellana L.
Asafoetida, Ferula assa-foetida L.
Ashwagandha, fruit, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Balsam, Peruvian, Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle)
Harms
Batavia-cassia, bark, Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume
Batavia-cassia, fruit, Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume
Belleric myrobalan, Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Betel vine, Piper betle L.
[[Page 44824]]
Black bread weed, Nigella arvensis L.
Blue mallee, Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker
Boldo, leaves, Peumus boldus Molina
Buchi, Agathosma betulina (P.J. Bergius) Pillans
Calamus-root, Acorus calamus L.
Candlebush, Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
Canella bark, Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.
Caper buds, Capparis spinosa L.
Caraway, fruit, Carum carvi L.
Caraway, black, Nigella sativa L.
Cardamom, black, Amomum spp.
Cardamom, Ethiopian, Aframomum corrorima (A. Braun) P.C.M. Jansen
Cardamom, green, Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton
Cardamom, Nepal, Amomum subulatum Roxb., Amomum aromaticum Roxb.
Cardamon-amomum, Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton
Cascada buckthorn, bark, Frangula purshiana (DC.) A. Gray
Cassia bark, Cinnamomum spp.
Cassia fruit, Cinnamomum spp.
Cassia, Chinese, fruit, Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees.
Cassia, Chinese, bark, Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees.
Cat's claw, roots, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC., Uncaria guianensis
(Aubl.) J.F. Gmel.
Catechu, bark, Senegalia catechu (L.f.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
Celery seed, Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Chervil, seed, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.
Chaste treeberry, berry, Vitex agnus-castus L.
Chinese chastetree, roots, Vitex negundo L.
Chinese hawthorn, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge
Chinese nutmeg tree, Torreya grandis Fortune
Chinese-pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans Hance
Chinese prickly-ash, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim
Cinnamon, bark, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
Cinnamon, fruit, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
Cinnamon, Saigon, bark, Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees
Cinnamon, Saigon, fruit, Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees
Clove buds, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Copaiba, Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L.
Coptis, Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis spp.
Coriander, fruit, Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriander, seed, Coriandrum sativum L.
Cubeb, seed, Piper cubeba L.f.
Culantro, seed, Eryngium foetidum L.
Cumin, Cuminum cyminum L
Cumin, black, Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.
Daharian angelica, leaves, Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. f.
ex Franch. & Sav.
Daharian angelica, seed, Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex
Franch. & Sav.
Damiana leaf, Turnera diffusa Willd.
Dill, seed, Anethum graveolens L.
Dorrigo pepper, berry, Tasmannia stipitata (Vick.) A.C. Smith
Dorrigo pepper, leaf, Tasmannia stipitata (Vick.) A.C. Smith
Epimedium, Epimedium spp.
Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus spp.
Eucommia, bark, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
Felty germander, Teucrium polium L.
Fennel, common, fruit, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
vulgare
Fennel, common, seed, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
vulgare
Fennel, Florence, fruit, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
azoricum (Mill.) Thell.
Fennel, Florence, seed, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
azoricum (Mill.) Thell.
Fennel flower, seed, Nigella hispanica L.
Fenugreek, seed, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.
Frankincense, Boswellia sacra Flueck.
Frankincense, Indian, Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.
Galbanum, Ferula gummosa Boiss.
Gambooge, Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson
Grains of Paradise, Aframomum melegueta K. Schum.
Grains of Selim, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich.
Guarana, Paullinia cupana Kunt
Guaiac, Guaiacum officinale L.
Guggul, Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari
Gum arabic, Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton
Gum ghatti, Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr.
Gum karaya, Stercula urens Roxb.
[[Page 44825]]
Gum tragacanth, Astragalus gummifer Labill.
Gymnema, dried leaves Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.
Haw, black, Viburnum prunifolium L.
Honewort, seed, Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.
Imperatoria, Peucedanum officinale L.
Iva, Achillea erba-rotta All. subsp. moschata (Wulfen) I. Richardson
Jalap, Ipomoea purga (Wender.) Hayne
Juniper berry, Juniperus communis L.
Kaffir lime, leaf, Citrus hystrix DC.
Kewra, Pandanus fascicularis Lam.
Kokam, Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy
Linden, dried leaves, Tilia americana L.
Lovage, seed, Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch
Mace, Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Magnolia-bark, Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson
Mahaleb, Prunus mahaleb L.
Malabar cardamom, Amomum villosum Lour.
Malabathrum, Cinnamomum tamala (Buch-Ham.) Nees & Eberm.
Malabar-tamarind, Garcinia spp.
Mastic, Pistacia lentiscus L.
Micromeria, white, Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce
Milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Mioga, Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe
Miracle fruit, Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell
Mustard seed, Brassica spp. and Sinapis spp.
Mustard, black, Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Mustard, brown, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea
Mustard, white, Sinapis alba L. ssp. alba
Myrrh, Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl., Commiphora africana (A. Rich.)
Engl.
Myrrh, bisabol, Commiphora kataf (Forssk.) Engl
Myrtle, dried leaves, Myrtus communis L.
Myrtle, anise, Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffen
Myrtle, lemon, Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.
Nasturtium, pods, Tropaeolum spp
Nasturtium, bush, pods, Tropaeolum minus L.
Nasturtium, garden, pods, Tropaeolum majus L.
Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Pepper, black, Piper nigrum L.
Pepper, white, Piper nigrum L.
Pepper, Cubeb, Piper cubeba L.f.
Pepper, Indian long, Piper longum L.
Pepper, leaf, Piper auritum Kunth, Piper lolot C.DC, Piper sanctum
(Miq.) Schltdl., Piper umbellatum L.
Pepper, long, Piper longum L.
Pepper, Javanese Long, Piper retrofractum Vahl.
Pepper, Sichuan, Zanthoxylum spp.
Pepperbush, berry, Tasmannia spp.
Pepperbush, leaf, Tasmannia spp.
Peppertree, Schinus spp.
Peppertree, Brazilian, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
Peppertree, Peruvian, Schinus molle L.
Perilla leaf, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Perilla seed, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Pine, maritime, Pinus pinaster Aiton
Pipsissewa, leaves, Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton
Poppy seed, Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum
Pygeum, Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman
Quassia, bark, Quassia amara L.
Quebracho bark, Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl.
Quinine, Cinchona pubescens Vahl
Qing hua jiao, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc
Quillaja, Quillaja saponaria Molina
Rue, Ruta graveolens L
Saffron crocus, Crocus sativus L.
Sassafras, leaves, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees
Saunders, red, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.
Simaruba, bark, Simarouba amara Aubl.
Slippery elm, Ulmus rubra Muhl.
Sumac, fragrant, Rhus aromatica Aiton
Sumac, smooth leaf, Rhus glabra L.
Tasmanian pepper berry, Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Sm
Tasmanian pepper leaf, Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Sm.
Tsao-Ko, Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemari[eacute]
[[Page 44826]]
Vanilla, Vanilla planifolia Jacks.
Wattleseed, Acacia spp.
White willow, Salix alba L.
Willow, Salix spp.
Yellow gentian, roots, Gentiana lutea L.
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[FR Doc. 2019-18285 Filed 8-26-19; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P