[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 216 (Friday, November 6, 2020)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 70976-70996]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-23874]
[[Page 70976]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 180
[EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766; FRL-10015-19]
RIN 2070-AJ28
Tolerance Crop Grouping Program V
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This final rule revises the current pesticide tolerance crop
grouping regulations, which allow the establishment of tolerances for
multiple related crops based on data from a representative set of
crops. Specifically, the final rule revises one commodity definition,
adds three new commodity definitions, and amends the current herbs and
spices crop group currently provided in Crop Group 19. The crops in the
current ``Crop Group 19: Herbs and Spices Group'' are separated into
two new crop groups, ``Crop Group 25: Herb Group'' and ``Crop Group 26:
Spice Group'' and additional commodities are added to Crop Groups 25
and 26. These revisions will increase the utility and benefit of the
crop grouping system for producers and other stakeholders involved in
commercial agriculture. This is the fifth in a series of planned crop
group updates.
DATES: This final rule is effective January 5, 2021.
ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, identified by docket
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766, is available at http://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory
Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the Environmental Protection Agency
Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334,
1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460-0001. The Public
Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the OPP
Docket is (703) 305-5805.
Due to the public health concerns related to COVID-19, the EPA
Docket Center (EPA/DC) and Reading Room is closed to visitors with
limited exceptions. The staff continues to provide remote customer
service via email, phone, and webform. For the latest status
information on EPA/DC services and docket access, visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sara Kemme, Regulatory Support Branch,
Mission Support Division, Office of Program Support, Environmental
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460-
0001; telephone number (703) 347-8533; email address:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Executive Summary
A. Does this action apply to me?
You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an
agricultural producer or food manufacturer. The following list of North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended
to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide to help readers determine
whether this document applies to them. Potentially affected entities
may include:
Crop production (NAICS code 111).
Animal production (NAICS code 112).
Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).
B. What is the Agency's authority for taking this action?
This rule is issued under the authority of section 408(e)(1)(C) of
the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which authorizes EPA
to establish ``general procedures and requirements to implement
(section 408).'' 21 U.S.C. 346a(e)(1)(C). Under section 408 of the
FFDCA, EPA establishes tolerances for pesticide chemical residues in or
on food, where there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result
from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. A tolerance
is the maximum permissible residue level established for a pesticide in
raw agricultural commodities and processed foods. EPA establishes
tolerances for each pesticide after assessing the potential risks to
human health posed by that pesticide. The crop group regulations
currently in 40 CFR 180.40 and 180.41 enable the establishment of
tolerances for a group of crops based on residue data for certain crops
that are representative of the group.
C. What action is the Agency taking?
This final rule revises EPA's regulations governing crop group
tolerances for pesticides. Specifically, this rule is finalizing a
revision to one commodity definition, adding three new commodity
definitions, and amending the current herbs and spices crop group
currently provided in Crop Group 19. The crops in the current ``Crop
Group 19: Herbs and Spices Group'' are separated into two new crop
groups, ``Crop Group 25: Herb Group'' and ``Crop Group 26: Spice
Group'' and additional commodities are added to Crop Groups 25 and 26.
This final rule is the fifth in an ongoing series of crop group
updates, including additional updates expected to be promulgated in the
next several years.
D. Why is the Agency taking this action?
EPA sets tolerances, which are the maximum amount of a pesticide
allowed to remain in or on a food, as part of the process of regulating
pesticides that may leave residues in food. Crop groups are established
when residue data for certain representative crops are used to
establish pesticide tolerances for a group of crops that are
botanically or taxonomically related. Representative crops of a crop
group or subgroup are those whose residue data can be used to establish
a tolerance for the entire group or subgroup.
With the establishment of crop groups such as the ones in this
final rule, EPA seeks to:
Enhance our ability to conduct food safety evaluations on
herb and spice crops for tolerance-setting purposes;
Promote global harmonization of food safety standards;
Reduce regulatory burden; and
Ensure food safety for agricultural goods.
E. What are the estimated incremental economic impacts of this action?
EPA prepared an Economic Analysis which shows that this is a
burden-reducing regulation (Ref. 1). Crop grouping saves money by
permitting the results of pesticide residue studies for some crops,
called representative crops, to be applied to other, similar crops in
the group. EPA expects these revisions to promote greater use of crop
groupings for tolerance-setting purposes, both domestically and in
countries that export food to the U.S.
The estimate of cost savings from creating the new, separate herb
group and spice group is $51.8 million annually.
II. The Proposed Rule
EPA published a notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal
Register on August 27, 2019 (84 FR 44804) (FRL-9996-03). Eight parties
submitted comments on the proposal: One private citizen; Hudson Trading
Group; Canadian Specialty Agriculture Association; Alberta Rhodiola
Rosea Growers Organization, Inc.; American Spice Trade Association;
American Herbal Products Association; Aromatics, Inc.; and the
Provincial Minor Use Coordinator for Alberta, Canada.
[[Page 70977]]
III. Response to Comments
In this unit, EPA describes the major provisions of the proposed
rule, the comments received on the provisions and EPA's responses to
the comments, and EPA's determination regarding the final rule.
A. Separation of Herbs and Spices in Crop Group 19: Herbs and Spices
EPA proposed to divide the current ``Crop Group 19: Herbs and
Spices Group'' into two separate crop groups. In accordance with the
process outlined in 40 CFR 180.40(j), Crop Group 19 will be retained in
the CFR until all the tolerances for the pre-existing Crop Group 19 and
its associated subgroups have been updated to comply with the new crop
groups.
EPA received comments expressing support for the proposed rule.
Commenters pointed out the potential for reducing the regulatory burden
associated with establishing a tolerance while maintaining the safety
of the food supply. In addition, commenters were supportive of EPA
harmonizing standards with international partners such as Canada and
Mexico, and with Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex). EPA is
finalizing the proposed approach of separating the current ``Crop Group
19: Herbs and Spices Group'' into two crop groups, ``Crop Group 25:
Herb Group'' and ``Crop Group 26: Spice Group.''
B. Crop Group 25: Herb Group
EPA proposed to establish a new crop group, titled ``Crop Group 25:
Herb Group.''
1. Commodities. EPA proposed to include 317 commodities in Crop
Group 25. All the 317 proposed commodities are included in Crop Group
25 in this final rule. EPA added 101 new commodities directly to Crop
Group 25 in response to commenter suggestions or, as discussed in the
proposed rule, to include both fresh and dried forms of herb
commodities whenever possible (84 FR 44811). EPA also added 25
commodities indirectly to Crop Group 25 by adding them to the
definition in 40 CFR 180.1 of edible flowers, which is a commodity in
Crop Group 25. A total of 418 commodities are included directly, and 25
indirectly through 40 CFR 180.1 to Crop Group 25.
Most of the commenters suggested that additional commodities be
included in Crop Group 25. EPA evaluated whether these commodities
should be included in Crop Group 25 by assessing whether the
commodities are already in other crop groups and considering the same
criteria used to determine the commodities included in the proposed
rule: Similarities of growth habits, the herbs being either fresh or
dried leaves, similar pest problems, sources of essential oil, lack of
animal feed items, comparison of established tolerances, and
international harmonization. EPA identified 101 new commodities that
have been added directly to Crop Group 25 (54 commodities fresh and 47
commodities dried), plus 25 new commodities that have been added to the
definition of edible flowers, and thus indirectly added to Crop Group
25. EPA determined that it is more appropriate to include some of the
suggested commodities in other crop groups and that other commodities
do not fit in any of the existing crop groups. The reasons for EPA's
determinations are provided below.
EPA received four comments requesting that the Agency include
Rhodiola rosea in the herb crop group. EPA is not adding Rhodiola rosea
to the Herb Crop Group because EPA has determined that R. rosea is more
appropriately placed in the Root and Tuber Vegetable Crop Group 1 as
the edible part is the root. The Crop Group 1 will be revised as part
of a future crop grouping regulation to include R. rosea. Rhodiola
(also known as king's crown roots, golden root, rose root, Aaron's rod,
Arctic root, or orpin rose) is better placed in the Root and Tuber
Vegetable Crop Group than the Herb Crop Group 25, since the cultural
practices are similar to other root and tuber crops.
EPA also received two comments, from Hudson Trading Group and the
American Spice Trade Association (ASTA), requesting the addition of
celery, dried leaves to Crop Group 25: Herb Group. EPA agrees this
commodity is not currently covered by a crop group and has added
celery, dried leaves, to the new Crop Group 25 and to subgroup 25B for
dried herbs, since the cultural practices and pesticide residues are
expected to be comparable to basil or mint, the representative
commodities for the subgroup. The fresh leaves form of the commodity
will remain in Stalk, Stem, and Leaf Petiole Vegetable Crop Group 22.
As with some other crops (e.g., cilantro, parsley, and chives), the
fresh leaves commodity of celery is assigned to a different crop group
based on similarity in cultural practices and pesticide residues
compared to other commodities in the crop group.
One commenter, Aromatics, Inc., asked EPA to consider including
additional commodities in Crop Group 25. ASTA also requested that EPA
add Echinacea purpurea, dried, to Crop Group 25. Below are the
commodities requested by Aromatics, Inc. followed by the Agency's
responses:
Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) leaf
[cir] ``Skullcap, fresh leaves'' and ``Skullcap, dried leaves''
have been added to include the leaves of this commodity due to
similarities to the Herb Crop Group.
Echinacea (aerial parts and roots of Echinacea purpurea and
Echinacea pallida)
[cir] The commodity name of ``Echinacea, dried leaves'' has been
expanded to include ``Echinacea spp.'' to include the leaves of these
commodities.
[cir] ``Echinacea, fresh leaves'' has been added and includes
``Echinacea spp.'' in the scientific name to include the leaves of
these commodities.
[cir] Crop Group 1: Root and Tuber Vegetable Group will be revised
in the future to include the roots of these commodities.
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root
[cir] Crop Group 1: Root and Tuber Vegetable Group will be revised
to include the roots of this commodity.
Blackberry leaf (Rubus spp.)
[cir] ``Chinese blackberry, fresh leaves'' and ``Chinese
blackberry, dried leaves'' have been added to include the leaves of
this commodity.
Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Hibuscus lunariifolus)
[cir] The term ``Hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.)'' in the commodity
definition of ``Flowers, edible, multiple species'' already includes
these commodities.
The American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) requested that EPA
include several hundred additional commodities in Crop Group 25 or Crop
Group 26. Table 1 in the AHPA comments includes 195 commodities that
were submitted to EPA in 2013. AHPA restated its 2013 request that EPA
include these commodities in a crop group. EPA already assessed whether
to include these commodities in its work to identify commodities for
the proposed rule. (See Refs. 2, 3 and 4). Because AHPA resubmitted the
same list, EPA did not revisit this previous analysis for this final
rule, although to the extent that commodities in AHPA Table 1 were
suggested by other commenters, EPA evaluated them independently, and
those responses are reflected in this preamble.
AHPA also identified more than 230 additional commodities, included
in Table 2 of their comments, and requested that these be added to Crop
Group 25 or 26 or another crop group. EPA's assessment of these
commodities
[[Page 70978]]
is included in separate Tables, (Ref. 5). Out of the commodities in
Table 2 of the AHPA comments, 110 commodities were added to the Herb
Crop Group 25 or the Spice Crop Group 26, with some commodities being
added to both Crop Group 25 for their leaves and to the definition of
edible flower, multiple species for their flower resulting in more 110
additional terms. Specifically, 25 commodities were added to the edible
flower, multiple species definition in 40 CFR 180.1; 37 were added to
the Herb Crop Group 25; and 51 commodities were added to the Spice Crop
Group 26. Of the remaining commodities, 52 were determined to already
be members of crop groups or were already proposed for inclusion with
Crop Group 25 or 26; 53 are intended to be added to other crop groups;
and 17 were not considered appropriate for inclusion within EPA crop
groups.
AHPA identified a few instances where the commodities in proposed
Crop Groups 25 and 26 included a common name that they say is not as
well established as the common or usual name of the commodity. One
instance included the herb Mitchella repens, which AHPA noted is better
named as ``partridge berry'' than as ``squaw vine.'' Another instance
involved changing the common name of Angelica dahurica to ``dahurian
angelica.'' The commenter also suggested that EPA use AHPA's reference,
Herbs of Commerce, which is used to identify the common or usual names
of ingredients of dietary supplements that are botanicals.
EPA agrees with the suggested change in the common name for
Mitchella repens from squaw vine to partridge berry. EPA also
incorporated a change regarding Angelica dahurica, which is intended to
capture the most well established and common name used and is not a
substantive change from the proposal for the commodity.
EPA consults a variety of sources and references, including Herbs
of Commerce, when determining common names for commodities.
Additionally, the Agency relies on stakeholder feedback to ensure the
common name for a commodity reflects what is commonly used in channels
of trade. The Agency has used available information to identify
suitable common names for the commodities listed in Herb Crop Group 25
and Spice Crop Group 26, in order to avoid confusion.
2. Representative commodities. In the absence of comments, EPA is
finalizing the proposed approach and is establishing the following
commodities as representative commodities for Crop Group 25: Basil,
fresh leaves; mint, fresh leaves; basil, dried leaves; and mint, dried
leaves.
3. Crop subgroups. EPA is finalizing the proposed approach of
establishing two crop subgroups for the new ``Crop Group 25: Herb
Group'': Subgroup 25A for fresh herbs and subgroup 25B for dried herbs.
EPA did not receive comments specifically addressing Subgroups 25A
and 25B, although EPA revised these subgroups to include the
commodities that were added to Subgroup 25. Also, EPA revised the herb
subgroups to include commodities in both subgroups wherever possible,
as discussed in the proposed rule (84 FR 44811). In the proposed rule,
11 commodities were included in Crop Group 25 only in their fresh
leaves form. For the final rule Crop Group 25 and Crop Subgroup 25B, it
also includes the dried leaves form of these commodities. Similarly, 19
commodities that were included in the proposed rule only in their dried
leaves form are also included in the final rule in their fresh leaves
form in Crop Group 25 and Crop Subgroup 25A.
4. Commodity definitions. In conjunction with the new Crop Group
25, this final rule establishes commodity definitions in 40 CFR
180.1(g) for basil and mint and amends the commodity definition for
marjoram with no changes from the proposal. The final rule also
establishes a commodity definition for flowers, edible, multiple
species, but EPA revised the proposed definition to include 25
additional commodities that commenters suggested should be included in
the herb subgroup due to similarities of the suggested commodities to
the fresh Crop Group.
5. Other comments related to the herb subgroup. EPA received
several other comments that relate to Herb Crop Group 25. Specifically,
one commenter noted that the proposed rule does not include a
definition or description of the term ``herbs'' or of the term
``spices'' that clarifies the Agency's current thinking on the scope of
the parts and types of plants proposed for inclusion in new Crop Groups
25 and 26. The commenter noted that in previous rulemakings EPA
described ``herbs'' as ``. . . grown largely in temperate climatic
areas, mostly for their leaves and stems and may be used fresh or
dried, such as basil.'' EPA also described ``spices'' as ``. . . grown
mostly in tropical climatic areas and consisting mostly of aromatic
seeds, dried roots, flowers, fruit, and/or bark, such as allspice.''
(58 FR 44990, August 25, 1993). The commenter writes that it appears
that the Agency is primarily including only crops that are used as an
``herb'' or a ``spice'' as those terms apply to culinary uses of
botanical crops in foods to impart taste or aroma. Such limitation,
however, does not recognize that the word ``herb'' is also used to
describe other products that use plant commodities as ingredients.
These include, for example, herbal tea as well as many cosmetic
products. This commenter also suggested the possibility of including a
separate group for ``other botanicals'' to include the commodities they
suggested in a crop group.
While EPA did not specifically define ``herbs'' or ``spices'' in
the 2019 proposal, the proposed rule explained that the 317 members of
proposed Crop Group 25 were determined on a number of factors including
similarities of growth habits, the herbs being either fresh or dried
leaves, similar pest problems, sources of essential oil, lack of animal
feed items, comparison of established tolerances, and international
harmonization. (84 FR 44809). The proposed rule also explained that
over 2,000 commodities were researched for being members of Spice Crop
Group 26. The 166 members of proposed Crop Group 26 were determined
based on similarities of growth habits and edible plant parts that are
exposed similarly to pesticides, geographical distribution, lack of
animal feed items, comparison of established tolerances and
international harmonization. These criteria are more relevant for
setting tolerances than the culinary uses. Additionally, EPA
establishes tolerances for commodities that are used as food and feed,
so it is not within EPA's authority to establish tolerances for herbs
used for other purposes, such as cosmetics. In general, dietary
supplements are considered food, except as provided for in section
201(ff) of the FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 321(ff), and, as food, are included in
Crop Groups 25 or 26. It is not necessary to add a separate crop group
for other botanicals because the suggested commodities that are dietary
supplements are included in Crop Groups 25 or 26. EPA evaluated the
potential additional commodities suggested by all of the commenters and
added them to Crop Groups 25 or 26 directly or indirectly added them to
Herb Crop Group 25 by adding them to the commodity definition of edible
flowers as they are considered fresh, dried and/or edible flowers.
Comment: Dehydration factor. EPA received one comment requesting
that EPA clarify the source of the statement in the proposed rule that
``tolerances for dried herbs are often significantly higher (4x to
7.3x) than fresh herbs.'' This commenter also asked whether a
dehydration factor could be used to
[[Page 70979]]
calculate a tolerance for dried herbs and spices, which could reduce
the data burden for establishing a tolerance on a dried commodity.
EPA response. The statement that tolerances for dried herbs are 4x
to 7.3x higher than tolerances on fresh herbs was based on comparing
actual tolerances, not on a dehydration factor. The Agency is not
planning on using dehydration factors for herbs because the
agricultural practices for many dried and fresh herbs may be very
different depending on the target is the fresh or dried market. For
spices, it is appropriate to adjust for the loss in moisture content
when comparing pesticide residues in the dried commodity to the
tolerance for the raw commodity (assuming the tolerance is not
restricted to the fresh form of the commodity) because the agricultural
practices are the same or similar for both the fresh and dried versions
of these commodities. See the discussion below in response to the
comment requesting that EPA add the dried version of commodities
including red pepper, paprika, and onion and dried ginger to Spice Crop
Group 26 for more details.
EPA considered the implications of using processing studies in
place of field trials for dried herbs. While this would alleviate some
of the regulatory and data burdens on a registrant, this burden is not
significant because the registrant can use the same crop for both the
fresh and dried trials when conducting a field residue study. The
Agency also considered using a default dehydration factor to establish
tolerance levels for dried herbs. While there is allowance for this
approach for determining tolerance levels in some processed
commodities, the approach is not suitable for determining tolerance
levels in representative commodities, which is the case for dried
herbs. Therefore, EPA has concluded that based on the minimal burden
incurred by supplying residue data from both fresh and dried samples
and the increased robustness of the resulting tolerance level, it is
appropriate to require field trial data on both fresh and dried herbs
to support a crop group tolerance on herbs or tolerances on the fresh
and dried herb subgroups. Finally, EPA acknowledges that one commenter
did not agree with some of the Agency's rationale for concluding that
fresh herbs are grown in a different way than dried herbs. However,
both the Agency and the commenter agree that both herb subgroups are
important and may have different pest pressures and, thus, pest control
practices.
C. Crop Group 26: Spice Group
1. Commodities. EPA proposed to include 166 commodities in a new
crop group, titled ``Crop Group 26: Spice Group.'' The final rule
includes 162 of the 166 proposed commodities in Spice Crop Group 26;
the other 4 of the 166 proposed commodities (i.e., the leaves of
dahurian angelica, damiana, gynema, and pipsissewa) were moved to Crop
Group 25, and EPA added 43 additional commodities that were suggested
by commenters due to similarities of the suggested commodities to the
Spice Crop Group. The final rule includes 205 commodities in the Spice
Crop Group.
EPA received requests from several commenters requesting changes to
the commodities in Spice Crop Group 26.
EPA received a comment from the AHPA suggesting minor corrections
to some commodity names. EPA is making the following revisions in
response to the comment by changing the common names of Phyllanthus
amarus to ``amla'' from ``amia,'' Agathosma betulina to ``buchu'' from
``buchi,'' and Frangula purshiana to ``cascara sagrada'' from ``cascada
buckthorn.'' EPA incorporated these changes, which are intended to
capture the most well-established and common names used and are not
substantive changes from the proposal in the commodities covered.
AHPA suggested using different names for certain commodities in
proposed Crop Groups 25 and 26 to better reflect what AHPA considers to
be the common or usual name of the commodity, including two of the
proposed spice commodities. AHPA commented that Acacia spp. is commonly
known as ``wattle'' but is listed as ``wattleseed'' and that Achillea
erba-rotta subsp. moschata is more commonly known as ``milfoil'' as
opposed to ``iva.''
EPA disagrees with these suggestions. Acacia spp. includes over 120
species and is commonly referred to in literature as ``wattleseed,''
which is the preferred term since it includes the raw agricultural
commodity of interest (i.e., seed). For Achillea millefolium, EPA
selected the common name ``yarrow,'' which is widely referred to in the
literature (including the AHPA reference, Herbs of Commerce) as a
synonym for ``milfoil.'' However, the related subspecies Achillea erba-
rotta subsp. moschata is more commonly known as ``iva;'' see, for
example, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has identified ``iva''
as the common name for Achillea moschata, 21 CFR 172.510.
As discussed above regarding the commodities in Herb Crop Group 25,
AHPA submitted two lists of several hundred commodities each and
requested that EPA include those commodities in Crop Group 25, Group
26, or another Crop Group. EPA's responses to that request are provided
above in Unit III.B.1. of this preamble and in separate Response Tables
(Ref. 5).
Another commenter, Aromatics, Inc., asked EPA to consider including
additional commodities to Crop Group 26. ASTA also requested adding
``elderberry, dried'' and sesame to Crop Group 26. Below are the
commodities requested by Aromatics, Inc. followed by the Agency's
responses:
Cardamom, Green (Elettaria cardamomum L.) fruit, dry
[cir] The commodity term ``Cardamom, green'' in Spice Crop Group 26
already includes this commodity.
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) fruit, dry and Elderberry
(Sambucus ebulus) fruit, dry, and Elderberry, dried (Sambucus spp.)
[cir] The commodity term ``Elderberry'' in Berry and Small Fruit
Crop Group 13-07 already includes these commodities.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
[cir] Sesame, seed (Sesamum indicum L.) will be added to Crop Group
26 in order to cover varieties grown for culinary purposes which are
different from the varieties grown for oilseed currently covered by
Crop Group 20.
ASTA also requested that the following commodities be added to Crop
Group 26 in their dried form as spices: Red pepper, dried (Capsicum
frutescens L. or Capsicum annuum L.); paprika, dried (Capsicum annuum
L.); ginger, dried (Zingiber officinale); turmeric, dried (Curcuma
longa L.); arrowroot, dried (Maranta arundinacea); garlic, dried
(Allium sativum); and onion, dry bulb and green, dried (Allium cepa, A.
fistulosum). ASTA acknowledges that these commodities are in other crop
groups in their fresh forms, but that dried or powdered versions of
these are considered spices.
These commodities are in the following crop groups: Red pepper, the
raw agricultural commodity for red pepper, dried and paprika, dried, is
in Crop Group 8-10: Fruiting Vegetables; ginger, turmeric, and
arrowroot are in Crop Group 1: Root and Tuber Vegetables; and garlic,
dry bulb onion, and green onion are in Crop Group 3-07: Bulb
Vegetables.
It is not necessary to include the dried version of the commodities
suggested by Aromatics and ASTA in Spice Crop
[[Page 70980]]
Group 26 because the tolerances for the fresh version of those
commodities apply to and are sufficient to address the residues in the
dried form of the commodities. In the absence of a tolerance for the
dried form of a commodity, the tolerance for the raw commodity
(assuming it is not restricted to the fresh form of the commodity) is
applied, after correcting for the loss in moisture content. Since the
agricultural practices are the same or similar for both the fresh and
dried versions of these commodities, adjustments to the tolerance to
account for differences in moisture content would be appropriate. Thus,
residues in the dried form are covered by tolerance listings for the
raw commodity, either individually or as a member of a crop group. In
contrast, the agricultural practices for many dried and fresh herbs may
be very different depending on the target is the fresh or dried market,
which is why EPA is establishing specific tolerances for the fresh and
dried forms of the herb commodities.
ASTA requested that EPA add pink pepper, dried (Schinus
terebinthifolius) to Spice Crop Group 26. This commenter also asked
that EPA combine all types of pepper, including black and white pepper
(Piper nigrum L.) into one group of pepper that is listed as a
commodity in Crop Group 26, so other types of pepper that are the same
species, such as green pepper, are included.
EPA has added both ``pepper, pink'' and ``peppercorn, green'' to
Spice Crop Group 26. However, EPA has not combined black and white
pepper into one group of pepper. In the current Crop Group 19: Herb and
Spice Group, black pepper and white pepper have been listed as separate
commodities for years with no previous objections from stakeholders.
Although they are from the same plant, white pepper and black pepper
are the kernels harvested at different maturity stages, whereas green
peppercorn is the unripe fruit of the pepper plant, dried green.
2. Representative commodities. EPA proposed to adopt the following
commodities as representative commodities for the new Crop Group 26:
Celery seed or dill seed. One commenter requested that EPA create a
system to allow other commodities within the spice category to serve as
the representative crop.
The Agency considered the use of field trial data on any spice to
establish a spice group tolerance. Due to the fact that the majority of
spices are grown overseas, EPA has concluded that it is highly unlikely
that the Agency would receive field trial data for most of the spices
in Spice Group 26. This is also borne out by the fact that EPA has
received very few, if any, field trial residue data for black pepper, a
current representative commodity for Spice Subgroup 19B. EPA maintains
the position that celery seed or dill seed are appropriate
representative crops for the spice crop group for the following reasons
and is finalizing the selection of dill, seed or celery, seed as the
representative crops for Spice Group 26:
a. These commodities are the only spice crops with significant
acres grown in the United States;
b. These commodities are the only spice crops for which there is
any real expectation of getting field trial data;
c. While not strictly representative of other spices, field trial
residues from these commodities will cover expected monitoring-data
residues in other spices; and
d. U.S. produced spices are not extensively exported, so the higher
tolerance, compared to what would be established based on monitoring
data, is not a trade irritant to U.S. growers.
3. Crop subgroups. EPA did not propose to establish subgroups in
Spice Crop Group 26. One comment was supportive of not establishing
crop subgroups since establishing subgroups would require submission of
additional field trial data in order to establish a tolerance for the
entire group. As with the proposal, the final rule does not establish
subgroups for Spice Crop Group 26. As explained below, EPA will
consider establishing individual tolerances for multiple spices based
on extrapolations of submitted monitoring data to other spices on a
case-by-case basis, using Codex spice subgroups as a reference for
grouping spices based on various similarities (Ref. 6).
D. Revisions to 40 CFR 180.40(j)
No comments were submitted on the proposed revisions to 40
CFR180.40(j); thus, EPA adopts its proposal without change.
E. Other Comments and EPA Responses
This section summarizes comments that did not specifically relate
to the categories in Unit III.A. through III.D. and provides EPA's
responses to those comments.
Comment: Monitoring data. ASTA generally supported EPA's practice
of allowing the use of monitoring data to support the establishment of
tolerances for imported spices and requested guidance on how that
practice would work. ASTA requested clarification on whether monitoring
data for the representative commodities of dill, seed or celery, seed
for Crop Group 26 could be used to establish import tolerances for the
entire crop group. Moreover, ASTA requested that EPA allow the use of
monitoring data on any spice to establish a tolerance for the entire
crop group. Finally, ASTA requested that EPA extend the policy for use
of monitoring data to allow for the establishment of the Herb Group 25
tolerances.
EPA response: At this time, EPA does not support establishing
entire crop group tolerances or subgroup tolerances based only on
monitoring data for the representative commodities, due to the
difficulty in ensuring that all commodities within the group (including
both imported and domestically grown crops) would have residues
represented by the monitoring data. Tolerances based on monitoring data
may not be high enough to reflect the residues of commodities leaving
the gate of U.S. growers. The field trial data will better represent
the residues likely to be on the crops at harvest.
EPA disagrees that it will be difficult to obtain field trial data
for the representative commodities for the Herb Group 25 and Spice
Group 26. EPA has selected representative commodities for the Herb
Group 25 and Spice Group 26 that are grown in the United States, in
accordance with the Agency's practice of selecting representative
commodities. Because dill seed and celery seed are grown in the United
States and pesticides used on these crops will need U.S. registrations,
EPA believes it is reasonable to expect field trial data to be
generated to support these registrations and tolerances. Selecting
crops grown in significant quantities in the United States as
representative commodities makes it easier to obtain field trial data
and thus obtain the crop group tolerances. This is supported by the
strong history of tolerances being established for basil and mint
(domestically grown crops and the representative commodities for the
Herb Group 25) but not for black pepper (not grown domestically and one
of the current representative commodities for Spice Subgroup 19B),
indicating stronger economic support for conducting field trials on
these commodities.
EPA also does not believe that is appropriate to allow the use of
monitoring data for any spice to support the establishment of a
tolerance for the entire Spice Group 26, which would essentially
recognize any spice within the crop group as a potential representative
commodity. EPA's Spice Group 26 contains a wide range of spices with
different characteristics, and EPA is not aware of widespread
[[Page 70981]]
monitoring data on spices that supports the broad extrapolation from
one spice to nearly 200 spices. As indicated in 40 CFR 180.40(d), EPA
may allow the use of residue data on an alternative representative
commodity that is determined to be a suitable substitute (e.g., limes
for lemons), but that decision is typically made on a case-by-case
basis. In any event, EPA reiterates the concern that monitoring data
alone may not be sufficient to support an entire crop group tolerance
due to the wide range of crops in a crop group and the very likely
potential for some of those crops to be grown domestically. EPA intends
to continue allowing the use of monitoring data to support the
establishment of individual tolerances for imported spices. EPA
considers this practice to be reasonable in light of the special
circumstances of the spice market. First, spices are primarily grown
outside the United States. Second, spices are often inter-cropped with
a primary crop, with pesticide treatments being based on the pest
pressures on the primary crop. Third, spice production by a single
grower is usually very small. Since the output from multiple growers is
comingled prior to the spice entering international trade, tracing
residues back to a grower or field is not possible. For these reasons,
it is unlikely that adequate field trial data can be obtained for
spices. Furthermore, unlike domestically grown produce, where field
trials represent residues at the time commodities enter U.S. commerce,
residues on imported spices at the point that they enter U.S. commerce
are best represented by monitoring data. Therefore, the Agency has
determined that it is appropriate to allow using monitoring residue
data for the purpose of establishing import tolerances (i.e., pesticide
tolerances for which there is no corresponding domestic registered
uses) for individual spice commodities, including the spice for which
monitoring data are available and similar spices.
This approach allows EPA to make these determinations on a case-by-
case basis using the specific monitoring data for the specific spice,
which is a more scientifically sound approach. Assessing these
tolerances on an individual basis allows EPA to consider the merits of
the individual request for a tolerance on imported spices and the
sufficiency of the submitted monitoring data to cover the request for
one or more imported spice commodities. While individual tolerance
decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis as petitions are
submitted, EPA expects that some monitoring data may be acceptable as
support for individual tolerances for imported spices or for
extrapolation to certain related spices. For example, if a petitioner
requested a tolerance for residues of a pesticide on an imported spice
and submitted monitoring data for that specific compound-spice
combination, EPA would evaluate the sufficiency of that submitted
monitoring data to support the individual tolerance; when appropriate
and safe under the FFDCA, a tolerance could be established for residues
of that compound, without a U.S. registration, in/on that specific
spice commodity. Similarly, a petitioner could submit a petition
requesting tolerances for multiple related or similar imported spices
(e.g., spices contained within the same Codex spice subgroup (Ref. 6),
based on physical characteristics or plant parts), along with
monitoring data for a specific compound-spice combination. EPA will
determine whether the submitted monitoring data is sufficiently robust
to support the tolerances for the multiple spices requested. In
evaluating whether the monitoring data submitted to EPA is sufficiently
robust to support the tolerance for imported spices, EPA intends to
follow the same analysis as laid out in the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) of the United Nations guidance (Ref. 7; e.g., at
least 59 samples with quantifiable residues, upper percentile
calculation, etc.).
This approach allows flexibility in establishing import tolerances
and avoids trade barriers for international growers using available
monitoring data. This approach is also consistent with the approach
used by Codex, which allows monitoring data on a particular spice to
support a maximum residue level (MRL) for the specific spice subgroup
that includes that spice.
Comment: Establish default tolerances to address inadvertent
residues caused by drift. A commenter requested that EPA establish
minimal (default) tolerances to account for pesticide drift, which can
result in trace residues of compounds that are not labeled for a
specific crop. This commenter pointed out that there are currently 52
tolerances for mint ``tops'' in the United States compared to 490 MRLs
in the EU for basil and edible flowers, which includes mint leaves.
This commenter also asked EPA to consider the global food supply chain
and the impact of increased testing in the future. This commenter urged
EPA and/or the FDA to consider implementing minimal (or default)
tolerances for trace levels of pesticides.
EPA response. Unlike some countries and regions, EPA's laws and
regulations do not automatically establish default tolerances. Section
408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance only if
EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Therefore, EPA must
actively make this determination for every new tolerance that is
established. Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines ``safe'' to mean
that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from
aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, including all
anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which there
is reliable information.'' In making this determination, EPA includes
exposure through drinking water and in residential settings but does
not include occupational exposure and gives special consideration to
exposure of infants and children.
EPA's ability to determine safety is informed by both the hazard of
the specific pesticide chemical residues at issue and the likely
exposure to the pesticide residue. Because of the variability of hazard
among various pesticides and without knowing likely exposures upon
which to base a specific tolerance value, it is difficult to justify an
a priori safety finding for all potential inadvertent residues on all
herbs and spices in the crop groups. Moreover, without information
about the magnitude of the residues associated with these likely
exposures, it may be difficult to set a tolerance for such residues
that would not result in exceedances for commodities being shipped in
interstate commerce. While the Agency has authority to establish
tolerances on its own initiative, EPA typically establishes tolerances
in response to a petition requesting that such tolerances be
established, as the submission of such a tolerance petition indicates a
need or desire for such a tolerance and is submitted with data to
support the establishment of such tolerances. For EPA to undertake the
type of blanket tolerances for an undefined list of herbs for an
undefined range of potential inadvertent pesticide chemical residues
would represent a significant investment of resources that may not be
aligned with need. The additional work for new Agency-initiated actions
would utilize resources that are otherwise used to implement EPA's
statutory obligations under FIFRA, including the Pesticide Registration
Improvement Act, and the FFDCA.
Comment: Small serving size. The Agency received two comments
requesting that EPA consider the small serving sizes of herbs and
spices when establishing tolerances.
[[Page 70982]]
EPA response. EPA recognizes that these foods are a trivial part of
the diet; however, tolerances for residues are needed for all
commodities to allow them to be in trade, regardless of their
consumption. Additionally, EPA's dietary exposure risk assessment
accounts for the relatively small consumption amounts, as reflected in
serving sizes, of herbs and spices when determining whether aggregate
exposure to the pesticide is considered safe under FFDCA. More
specifically, EPA uses food consumption information collected in
national surveys by other federal agencies to estimate pesticide
exposure to various food commodities, including herbs and spices.
Comment: Harmonization. An additional comment suggested that the
Agency compare EPA tolerances to EU, Codex, and other international
standards while in the process of developing new crop groupings or
revising existing crop group pesticide residue tolerances.
EPA response. EPA considers Codex crop groups when revising the
existing U.S. crop groups in 40 CFR part 180. EPA attempts to minimize
differences within and among the United States and Codex crop groups
and to develop representative commodities for each group that will be
acceptable on an international basis, which could lead to the increased
harmonization of tolerances and MRL recommendations.
In making individual tolerance decisions, including tolerances for
crop groups, EPA seeks to harmonize U.S. tolerances with international
standards whenever possible, consistent with U.S. food safety standards
and agricultural practices. EPA considers the international MRLs
established by Codex as required by FFDCA section 408(b)(4), and often
also considers the MRLs established by other countries and the European
Union (EU). EPA may establish a tolerance that is different from a
Codex MRL; however, FFDCA section 408(b)(4) requires that EPA explain
the reasons for departing from the Codex level.
Comment: Automatic conversion or expansion to new crop groups. One
commenter requested that EPA convert all existing tolerances on dill,
seed to Herb Crop Group 25 tolerances and all current tolerances on
Herb and Spices Crop Group 19 and its subgroups 19A and 19B to Herb
Crop Group 25 and Spice Crop Group 26, respectively. The commenter
noted that the proposal states EPA ``will convert tolerances for any
pre-existing crop groups to tolerances with the coverage of the new
crop group.''
EPA response. Established tolerances cannot be automatically
expanded under current law and regulations. Conversion of a tolerance
from a crop to a crop group or from an ``old'' crop group to a ``new''
crop group requires EPA to revise the dietary risk assessment to
reflect all of the commodities in the new crop group, provide public
notice that we are revising the tolerance, and issue a rulemaking to
modify the existing tolerances in 40 CFR part 180. To the extent that
commenter is requesting that EPA convert existing tolerances to the new
crop groups in this final rule, EPA cannot undertake that action here
since the safety of such tolerances have not been assessed and public
notice of such action has not been provided. Such a request is beyond
the scope of what was proposed and of this rulemaking. The FFDCA
authorizes two processes for initiating rulemaking to convert existing
tolerances and crop groups or subgroups to new crop groups or
subgroups: Through a petition filed with EPA under section 408(d) of
the FFDCA or through an Agency-initiated action under section 408(e).
Upon receipt of a 408(d) petition requesting conversion of existing
tolerances to crop groups or subgroups or of existing groups to the new
groups, EPA will make such conversions upon a determination that the
new tolerances would be safe. In addition, as indicated in Unit V., EPA
intends to initiate tolerance rulemakings to update crop groups
wherever appropriate during registration review.
IV. The Final Rule
As discussed in Unit III, EPA is adding some additional commodities
to the crop groupings based on information provided by public comments
and revising a limited number of common names in order to capture the
most well-established and common names. EPA is otherwise finalizing the
rule as proposed and based on the rationales set forth in the proposed
rule.
V. Implementation
When an existing crop group is amended in a manner that expands or
contracts its coverage of commodities, EPA will retain the pre-existing
crop group in 40 CFR 180.41 and either insert the revised crop group
immediately after the pre-existing crop group in 40 CFR 180.41 with a
revised title or create new crop groups, like in this rulemaking.
As noted in 40 CFR 180.40(j), EPA will initially retain pre-
existing crop groups that have been superseded by revised crop groups.
EPA will not establish new tolerances under the pre-existing groups.
Further, EPA plans to eventually convert tolerances for any pre-
existing crop group to tolerances with coverage under the revised crop
group. This conversion will occur through the registration review
process and in the course of evaluating new uses for a pesticide
registration. EPA requests that petitioners for tolerances utilize
updated crop groupings in their petitions. For existing petitions for
which a Notice of Filing has been published, the Agency will attempt to
conform these petitions to this rule.
VI. References
The following is a listing of the documents that are specifically
referenced in this document. The docket includes these documents as
well as other information considered by EPA, including documents that
are referenced within the documents that are included in the docket,
even if the referenced document is not physically located in the
docket. For assistance in locating these other documents, please
consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
1. EPA (2020). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Burden
Reduction from the Expansion of Crop Grouping Program, prepared by
the Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Office of Pesticide
Programs, August 3, 2020.
2. EPA (2017). Schneider, Bernard A. EPA Memorandum: Crop Grouping--
Part XVB: Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop Group
Regulation 40 CFR 180.41(c)(26) and Commodity Definitions [40 CFR
180.1(g)] Related to Crop Group 19 Herb and Spice Group. Emphasis on
New Herb Crop Group 25. June 8, 2015. Updated March 21, 2017.
3. EPA (2017). Schneider, Bernard A. EPA Memorandum: Crop Grouping--
Part XVC: Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop Group
Regulation 40 CFR 180.41(c)(26) and Commodity Definitions [40 CFR
180.1(g)] Related to Crop Group 19 Herb and Spice Group. Emphasis on
New Spice Crop Group 26. August 21, 2015. Updated March 20, 2017.
4. EPA (2015). Schneider, Bernard A. EPA Memorandum: Crop Grouping--
Part XVD: Appendices for the Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to
Amend the Crop Group Regulation 40 CFR 180.41(c)(26) and Commodity
Definitions [40 CFR 180.1(g)] Related to Herb Crop Group 25 and
Spice Crop Group 26. June 15, 2015.
5. EPA (2020). United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Response to Tables from the AHPA comments.
6. Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR), 2018. REP18/PR.
Report of the 50th Session of the CCPR, Haikou, P.R. China, 9-14
April 2018. Agenda Item 7b: Revision of the Classification of Food
and Feed (CXM 4-1989): Class A--Primary Commodities of Plant
Origin--Type 05 Herbs and Spices, paras. 119-
[[Page 70983]]
120 and Appendix VIII. See page 10 for paragraphs 119-120 and pages
63-83 for Appendix VIII.
7. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper No. 225. Manual on the
submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for the
estimation of maximum residue levels in food and feed., Section
5.11, page 103ff. [http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5452e.pdf]. For further
elaboration on specific details, see FAO Plant Production and
Protection Paper No. 223. Pesticide residues in food 2015 Report of
the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues, page 335ff. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5186e.pdf.
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders
can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant regulatory action and was
therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
for review under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735; October 4, 1993)
and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011).
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
This action is considered an Executive Order 13771 deregulatory
action. Details on the estimated cost savings of this final rule are
summarized in Unit I.E. and can be found in EPA's analysis of the
potential costs and benefits associated with this action (Ref. 1).
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This action does not impose any new information collection
requirements that would require additional review or approval by OMB
under the provisions of PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. However, this
action is expected to reduce potential future paperwork burdens
associated with seeking a tolerance. These crop groupings will enhance
our ability to conduct food safety evaluations on herb and spice crops
for tolerance-setting purpose; allowing for tolerances to be
established for the defined crop groups rather than individually for
each crop. This action will also have the effect of reducing the number
of residue chemistry studies because fewer representative crops would
need to be tested under a crop grouping scheme than would otherwise be
required.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
I certify that this action will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA, 5
U.S.C. 601 et seq. In making this determination, the impact of concern
is any significant adverse economic impact on small entities. An agency
may certify that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory
burden, has no net burden or otherwise has a positive economic effect
on the small entities subject to the rule (Ref. 1).
This final action provides regulatory relief and regulatory
flexibility. The new crop groups ease the process for pesticide
manufacturers to obtain pesticide tolerances on greater numbers of
crops. Pesticides will be more widely available to growers for use on
crops, particularly specialty crops. Rather than having any adverse
impact on small businesses, this proposal would relieve regulatory
burden for all directly regulated small entities. We have therefore
concluded that this action will relieve regulatory burden for all
directly regulated small entities.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. This action imposes no enforceable duty on any
state, local or tribal governments or the private sector.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 4, 1999). It will not have
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This action does not have tribal implications as specified in
Executive Order 13175 (62 FR 19985, April 23, 1997) because it will not
have any effect on tribal governments, on the relationship between the
Federal Government and the Indian tribes, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian
tribes. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risk
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23,
1997) as applying only to those regulatory actions that concern
environmental health or safety risks that the EPA has reason to believe
may disproportionately affect children, per the definition of ``covered
regulatory action'' in section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This
action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not
concern an environmental health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355,
May 22, 2001), because it is not a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
This action does not involve technical standards as specified in
NTTAA section 12(d), 15 U.S.C. 272 note.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
This action does not address human health or environmental risks or
otherwise have disproportionately high and adverse human health or
environmental effects on minority populations, low-income populations
and/or indigenous peoples, as specified in Executive Order 12898 (59 FR
7629, February 16, 1994).
L. Congressional Review Act (CRA)
This action is subject to the CRA, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., and EPA
will submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the
Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a ``major
rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Administrative practice and procedure, Commodities, Environmental
protection, Pesticides and pests.
Dated: October 21, 2020.
Alexandra Dapolito Dunn,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution
Prevention.
Therefore, for the reasons stated in the preamble, EPA is amending
40 CFR chapter I to read as follows:
[[Page 70984]]
PART 180--TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES
IN FOOD
0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321 (q), 346a and 371.
0
2. In Sec. 180.1:
0
a. Add alphabetically the entries for ``Basil'' ``Flowers, edible,
multiple species'' and ``Mint'' to the table in paragraph (g).
0
b. Revise the entry for ``Marjoram'' in the table in paragraph (g).
The additions and revision read as follows:
Sec. 180.1 Definitions and interpretations.
* * * * *
(g) * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A B
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Basil (Ocimum spp.).......... Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.); Basil,
American (Ocimum americanum L.); Basil,
Greek (Ocimum minimum L.); Basil, holy
(Ocimum tenuiflorum L.); Basil, lemon
(Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.); Basil,
Russian (Ocimum gratissimum L.)
* * * * * * *
Flowers, edible, multiple Acacia blossoms (Acacia senegal (L.)
species. Willd.); Alyssum, sweet (Lobularia
maritima (L.) Desv.); Anchusa, garden
(Anchusa azurea Mill.); Angelica
(Angelica archangelica L.); Apricot,
Japanese (Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.);
Arnica (Arnica montana L.); Arugula
(Eruca sativa Mill.); Balm (Melissa
officinalis L.); Banana (Musa spp.);
Basil (Ocimum spp.); Begonia, tuberous
(Begonia x tuberhybrida Voss); Bilimbi
(Averrhoa bilimbi L.); Bisnaga (Ammi
visnaga (L.) Lam.); Blue thistle
(Centaurea benedicta (L.) L.); Borage
(Borago officinalis L.); Broccoli
(Brassica oleracea L. var. italica
Plenck); Bugelweed (Lycopus spp.);
Burnet (Sanguisorba spp.); Calendula
(Calendula officinalis L.); Canadian
goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.);
Caper (Capparis spinosa L.); Carambola
(Averrhoa carambola L.); Carnation
(Dianthus caryophyllus L.); Celandine,
greater (Chelidonium majus L.);
Chamomile (Chamaemelum spp. and
Matricaria spp.); Chaparral (Larrea
tridentata (DC.) Coville); Chervil
(Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.);
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.); Chive,
Chinese (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex
Spreng.); Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum
spp.); Clary (Salvia sclarea L.);
Cleavers (Galium aparine L); Clove
(Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M.
Perry); Clover, red (Trifolium pratense
L.); Coriander/Cilantro (Coriandrum
sativum L.); Cornflower (Centaurea
cyanus L.); Costmary (Tanacetum
balsamita L. subsp. balsamita); Daisy,
English (Bellis perennis L.); Dames
rocket (Hesperis matronalis L.); Damiana
(Turnera diffusa Willd); Dandelion
(Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg.
aggr.); Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva (L.)
L.); Dill (Anethum graveolens L.); Elder
(Sambucus nigra L.); Eyebright
(Euphrasia spp.); Feijoa (Acca
sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret); Fennel
(common) (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
subsp. vulgare var. vulgare); Frangipani
(Plumeria rubra L.); Fuchsia (Fuchsia
spp.); Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides J.
Ellis); Geranium (Pelargonium spp.);
Geranium, lemon (Pelargonium crispum
(P.J. Bergius) L'Her.); Geranium, rose
(Pelargonium graveolens L'H[eacute]r.);
Ginger, white (Hedychium coronarium J.
Koenig); Gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.);
Greater periwinkle (Vinca major L.);
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
Crataegus spp.); Hibiscus (Hibiscus
spp.); Hibiscus, Chinese (Hibiscus rosa-
sinensis L.); Hollyhock (Alcea rosea
L.); Honeysuckle, Japanese (Lonicera
japonica Thunb.); Horehound (Marrubium
vulgare L.); Hyssop (Hyssopus
officinalis L.); Hyssop, anise
(Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze);
Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana Hook.
f.); Jasmine, Arabian (Jasminum sambac
(L.) Aiton); Kewra (Pandanus
fascicularis Lam.); Lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia Mill.); Lemon (Citrus limon
(L.) Burm. f.); Lilac (Syringa vulgaris
L.); Lily (Lilium spp.); Lily, mariposa
(Calochortus gunnisonii S. Watson);
Lily, sego (Calochortus nuttallii Torr.
& A. Gray); Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera
Gaertn.); Lovage (Levisticum officinale
W. D. J. Koch); Mallow, high (Malva
sylvestris L.); Marigold (Tagetes spp.);
Marjoram (Origanum spp.); Meadowsweet
(Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.); Mint
(Mentha spp.); Mioga (Zingiber mioga
(Thunb.) Roscoe); Monarda (Monarda
spp.); Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca
L.); Mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.,
Verbascum spp.); Mustard (Brassica spp.
and Sinapis spp.); Nasturtium
(Tropaeolum spp.); Okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus (L.) Moench); Orange, bitter
(Citrus aurantium L.); Passion flower
(Passiflora spp.); Pea blossoms (Pisum
sativum L. subsp. sativum var. sativum);
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var.
persica); Peony, common (Paeonia
officinalis L.); Perilla (Perilla
frutescens (L.) Britton); Petunia
(Petunia x hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm.);
Primrose (Primula vulgaris Huds.); Puget
sound gumweed (Grindelia integrifolia
DC.); Purslane, winter (Claytonia
perfoliata Donn ex Willd.); Radish
(Raphanus sativus L.); Redbud (Cercis
canadensis L.); Rose (Rosa spp.);
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.);
Rose-of-Sharon ((Hibiscus syriacus L.);
Runner bean, scarlet (Phaseolus
coccineus L.); Safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L.); Sage (Salvia officinalis
L.); Sage, pineapple (Salvia elegans);
Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis L.);
Saxifrage, burnet (Pimpinella saxifraga
L.); Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius
(L.) Link ); Shepherd's purse (Capsella
bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.); Snapdragon
(Antirrhinum majus L.); Sorrel, garden
(Rumex acetosa L.); Sorrel, wood (Oxalis
acetosella L.); Spilanthes (Blainvillea
acmella (L.) Philipson); Squash
(Cucurbita spp.); Stock, gillyflower
(Matthiola incana (L.) W. T. Aiton);
Stoneroot (Collinsonia canadensis L.);
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Sweet
william (Dianthus barbatus L.); Sweet
wormwood (Artemisia annua L.); Thyme
(Thymus vulgaris L.); Tuberose
(Polianthes tuberosa L.); Tulip (Tulipa
spp.); Verbena, blue (Verbena hastate
L.); Verbena, lemon (Aloysia citrodora
Palau); Violet (Viola spp.); Wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium L); Yarrow
(Achillea millefolium L.); Yucca (Yucca
spp.); and other edible flowers.
* * * * * * *
Marjoram (Origanum spp.)..... Marjoram (Origanum spp.); Marjoram, pot
(Origanum onites L.); Marjoram, sweet
(Origanum majorana L.); Oregano
(Origanum vulgare L.)
* * * * * * *
Mint (Mentha spp.)........... Mint (Mentha spp.); Applemint (Mentha
suaveolens Ehrh.); Horsemint (Mentha
longifolia (L.) Huds.); Mint, corn
(Mentha arvensis L.); Peppermint
(Mentha. x piperita L.); Spearmint,
(Mentha spicata L.); Spearmint, Scotch
(Mentha x gracilis Sole); Watermint
(Mentha aquatica L.); Pennyroyal (Mentha
pulegium L.)
* * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
0
3. Amend Sec. 180.40 by revising paragraph (j) to read as follows:
Sec. 180.40 Tolerances for crop groups.
* * * * *
(j)(1) When EPA amends a crop group in a manner that expands or
contracts the commodities that are covered by the group, EPA will
initially retain the pre-existing as well as the revised crop group in
the CFR.
(2) Where the revised crop group has the same number as the pre-
existing crop group, the revised crop group number will be followed by
a hyphen and the final two digits of the year in which it was
established (e.g., if Crop Group 1 is amended in 2007, the revised
group will be designated as Crop Group 1-07). If the pre-existing crop
group had crop subgroups, these subgroups will be numbered in a similar
fashion in the revised crop group. The name of the revised crop group
will not be changed from the pre-existing crop group unless the
revision so changes the composition of the crop group that the pre-
existing name is no longer accurate.
[[Page 70985]]
(3) Where EPA amends a crop group by creating one or more different
crop groups, the revised crop groups will have different numbers and
names (e.g., the amendment of Crop Group 19 through the creation of
Crop Groups 25 and 26). The pre-existing crop group will be amended to
identify the revised crop group(s).
(4) Once a revised crop group is established, EPA will no longer
establish tolerances under the pre-existing crop group. At appropriate
times, EPA will amend tolerances for crop groups that have been
superseded by revised crop groups to conform the pre-existing crop
group to the revised crop group. Once all of the tolerances for the
pre-existing crop group have been updated, the pre-existing crop group
will be removed from the CFR.
* * * * *
0
4. In Sec. 180.41:
0
a. Add a paragraph (c)(28)(iv) after table 2 in paragraph (c)(28)(iii).
0
b. Add paragraphs (c)(34) and (35).
The additions read as follows:
Sec. 180.41 Crop group tables.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(28) * * *
* * * * *
(iv) After November 6, 2020, new herb crop group and subgroup
tolerances will be established as Crop Group 25 or subgroups 25A and
25B, and new spice crop group tolerances will be established as Crop
Group 26.
* * * * *
(34) Crop Group 25. Herb Group.
(i) Representative commodities. Basil, dried leaves; Basil, fresh
leaves; Mint, dried leaves; and Mint, fresh leaves.
(ii) Commodities. The following Table 1 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 25 and identifies the related crop subgroups.
Table 1--Crop Group 25: Herb Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Related crop
Commodities subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agrimony, fresh leaves, Agrimonia eupatoria L........... 25A
Agrimony, dried leaves, Agrimonia eupatoria L........... 25B
Amla, fresh leaves, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach......... 25A
Amla, dried leaves, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach......... 25B
Angelica, fresh leaves, Angelica archangelica L......... 25A
Angelica, dried leaves, Angelica archangelica L......... 25B
Angelica, dahurian, fresh leaves, Angelica dahurica 25A
(Hoffm.) Benth & Hook. F. ex Franch. & Sav.............
Angelica, dahurian, dried leaves, Angelica dahurica 25B
(Hoffm.) Benth & Hook. F. ex Franch. & Sav.............
Applemint, fresh leaves, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh......... 25A
Applemint, dried leaves, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh......... 25B
Avarum, fresh leaves, Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb........ 25A
Avarum, dried leaves, Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb........ 25B
Balloon pea, fresh leaves, Lessertia frutescens (L.) 25A
Goldblatt & J. C. Manning..............................
Balloon pea, dried leaves, Lessertia frutescens (L.) 25B
Goldblatt & J. C. Manning..............................
Balm, fresh leaves, Melissa officinalis L............... 25A
Balm, dried leaves, Melissa officinalis L............... 25B
Barrenwort, fresh leaves, Epimedium grandiflorum C. 25A
Morren.................................................
Barrenwort, dried leaves, Epimedium grandiflorum C. 25B
Morren.................................................
Basil, fresh leaves, Ocimum basilicum L................. 25A
Basil, dried leaves, Ocimum basilicum L................. 25B
Basil, American, fresh leaves, Ocimum americanum L...... 25A
Basil, American, dried leaves, Ocimum americanum L...... 25B
Basil, Greek, fresh leaves, Ocimum minimum L............ 25A
Basil, Greek, dried leaves, Ocimum minimum L............ 25B
Basil, holy, fresh leaves, Ocimum tenuiflorum L......... 25A
Basil, holy, dried leaves, Ocimum tenuiflorum L......... 25B
Basil, lemon, fresh leaves, Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.... 25A
Basil, lemon, dried leaves, Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.... 25B
Basil, Russian, fresh leaves, Ocimum gratissimum L...... 25A
Basil, Russian, dried leaves, Ocimum gratissimum L...... 25B
Bay, fresh leaves, Laurus nobilis L..................... 25A
Bay, dried leaves, Laurus nobilis L..................... 25B
Bearberry, fresh leaves, Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) 25A
Spreng.................................................
Bearberry, dried leaves, Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) 25B
Spreng.................................................
Bisongrass, fresh leaves, Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. 25A
Schouten & Veldkamp....................................
Bisongrass, dried leaves, Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. 25B
Schouten & Veldkamp....................................
Blue mallow, fresh leaves, Malva sylvestris L........... 25A
Blue mallow, dried leaves, Malva sylvestris L........... 25B
Boneset, fresh leaves, Eupatorium perfoliatum L......... 25A
Boneset, dried leaves, Eupatorium perfoliatum L......... 25B
Borage, fresh leaves, Borago officinalis L.............. 25A
Borage, dried leaves, Borago officinalis L.............. 25B
Borage, Indian, fresh leaves, Plectranthus amboinicus 25A
(Lour.) Spreng.........................................
Borage, Indian, dried leaves, Plectranthus amboinicus 25B
(Lour.) Spreng.........................................
Burnet, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba spp................... 25A
Burnet, dried leaves, Sanguisorba spp................... 25B
Burnet, garden, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba officinalis L. 25A
Burnet, garden, dried leaves, Sanguisorba officinalis L. 25B
Burnet, salad, fresh leaves, Sanguisorba minor Scop..... 25A
Burnet, salad, dried leaves, Sanguisorba minor Scop..... 25B
Butterbur, fresh leaves, Petasites hybridus (L.) G. 25A
Gaertn. Et al., P. frigidus (L.) Fr....................
Butterbur, dried leaves, Petasites hybridus (L.) G. 25B
Gaertn. Et al., P. frigidus (L.) Fr....................
[[Page 70986]]
Calamint, fresh leaves, Clinopodium spp................. 25A
Calamint, dried leaves, Clinopodium spp................. 25B
Calamint, large-flower, fresh leaves, Clinopodium 25A
grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze...............................
Calamint, large-flower, dried leaves, Clinopodium 25B
grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze...............................
Calamint, lesser, fresh leaves, Clinopodium nepeta (L.) 25A
Kuntze.................................................
Calamint, lesser, dried leaves, Clinopodium nepeta (L.) 25B
Kuntze.................................................
Calendula, fresh leaves, Calendula officinalis L........ 25A
Calendula, dried leaves, Calendula officinalis L........ 25B
Caltrop, fresh leaves, Tribulus terrestris L............ 25A
Caltrop, dried leaves, Tribulus terrestris L............ 25B
Camomile (Chamomile), fresh leaves, Chamaemelum spp. and 25A
Matricaria spp.........................................
Camomile (Chamomile), dried leaves, Chamaemelum spp. and 25B
Matricaria spp.........................................
Camomile (Chamomile), German, fresh leaves, Matricaria 25A
recutita L.............................................
Camomile (Chamomile), German, dried leaves, Matricaria 25B
recutita L.............................................
Camomile (Chamomile), Roman, fresh leaves, Chamaemelum 25A
nobile (L.) All........................................
Camomile (Chamomile), Roman, dried leaves, Chamaemelum 25B
nobile (L.) All........................................
Caraway, fresh leaves, Carum carvi L.................... 25A
Caraway, dried leaves, Carum carvi L.................... 25B
Cat's claw, fresh leaves, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) 25A
DC., U. guianensis (Aubl.) J. F. Gmel..................
Cat's claw, dried leaves, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) 25B
DC., U. guianensis (Aubl.) J. F. Gmel..................
Catnip, fresh leaves, Nepeta cataria L.................. 25A
Catnip, dried leaves, Nepeta cataria L.................. 25B
Catnip, Japanese, fresh leaves, Schizonepeta multifida 25A
(L.) Briq..............................................
Catnip, Japanese, dried leaves, Schizonepeta multifida 25B
(L.) Briq..............................................
Celandine, greater, fresh leaves, Chelidonium majus L... 25A
Celandine, greater, dried leaves, Chelidonium majus L... 25B
Celandine, lesser, fresh leaves, Ficaria verna Huds..... 25A
Celandine, lesser, dried leaves, Ficaria verna Huds..... 25B
Celery, dried leaves, Apium graveolens L. var. dulce 25B
(Mill.) DC.............................................
Centaury, fresh leaves, Centaurium erythrarae Rafn...... 25A
Centaury, dried leaves, Centaurium erythrarae Rafn...... 25B
Chaste tree, fresh leaves, Vitex agnus-castus L......... 25A
Chaste tree, dried leaves, Vitex agnus-castus L......... 25B
Chaste tree, Chinese, fresh leaves, Vitex negundo L..... 25A
Chaste tree, Chinese, dried leaves, Vitex negundo L..... 25B
Chervil, dried leaves, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. 25B
Chinese blackberry, fresh leaves, Rubus stipulates L.H. 25A
Bailey.................................................
Chinese blackberry, dried leaves, Rubus stipulates L.H. 25B
Bailey.................................................
Chinese foxglove, fresh leaves, Rehmannia glutinosa 25A
(Gaertn.) Steud........................................
Chinese foxglove, dried leaves, Rehmannia glutinosa 25B
(Gaertn.) Steud........................................
Chive, dried leaves, Allium schoenoprasum L............. 25B
Chive, Chinese, dried leaves, Allium tuberosum Rottler 25B
ex Spreng..............................................
Cicely, sweet, fresh leaves, Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.. 25A
Cicely, sweet, dried leaves, Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.. 25B
Cilantro, dried leaves, Coriandrum sativum L............ 25B
Clary, fresh leaves, Salvia sclarea L................... 25A
Clary, dried leaves, Salvia sclarea L................... 25B
Coriander, Bolivian, fresh leaves, Porophyllum ruderale 25A
(Jacq.) Cass...........................................
Coriander, Bolivian, dried leaves, Porophyllum ruderale 25B
(Jacq.) Cass...........................................
Coriander, Vietnamese, fresh leaves, Persicaria odorata 25A
(Lour.) Sojak..........................................
Coriander, Vietnamese, dried leaves, Persicaria odorata 25B
(Lour.) Sojak..........................................
Costmary, fresh leaves, Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. 25A
Balsamita..............................................
Costmary, dried leaves, Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. 25B
Balsamita..............................................
Creat, fresh leaves, Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) 25A
Wall. Ex Nees..........................................
Creat, dried leaves, Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) 25B
Wall. Ex Nees..........................................
Culantro, fresh leaves, Eryngium foetidum L............. 25A
Culantro, dried leaves, Eryngium foetidum L............. 25B
Curry leaf, fresh leaves, Bergera koenigii L............ 25A
Curry leaf, dried leaves, Bergera koenigii L............ 25B
Curryplant, fresh leaves, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. 25A
Don....................................................
Curryplant, dried leaves, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. 25B
Don....................................................
Cut leaf, fresh leaves, Prostanthera incisa R. Br....... 25A
Cut leaf, dried leaves, Prostanthera incisa R. Br....... 25B
Damiana, fresh leaves, Turnera diffusa Willd............ 25A
Damiana, dried leaves, Turnera diffusa Willd............ 25B
Dillweed, dried leaves, Anethum graveolens L............ 25B
Dokudami, fresh leaves, Houttuynia cordata Thunb........ 25A
Dokudami, dried leaves, Houttuynia cordata Thunb........ 25B
Echinacea, fresh leaves, Echinacea angustifolia DC., 25A
Echinacea spp..........................................
Echinacea, dried leaves, Echinacea angustifolia DC., 25B
Echinacea spp..........................................
Epazote, fresh leaves, Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) 25A
Mosyakin & Clemants....................................
[[Page 70987]]
Epazote, dried leaves, Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) 25B
Mosyakin & Clemants....................................
Eucommia, fresh leaves, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.......... 25A
Eucommia, dried leaves, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.......... 25B
Evening primrose, fresh leaves, Oenothera biennis L..... 25A
Evening primrose, dried leaves, Oenothera biennis L..... 25B
Eyebright, fresh leaves, Euphrasia officinalis L........ 25A
Eyebright, dried leaves, Euphrasia officinalis L........ 25B
Fennel, common, fresh leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 25A
subsp. vulgare var. vulgare............................
Fennel, common, dried leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 25B
subsp. vulgare var. vulgare............................
Fennel, Florence, dried leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 25B
subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.............
Fennel, Spanish, fresh leaves, Nigella spp.............. 25A
Fennel, Spanish, dried leaves, Nigella spp.............. 25B
Fenugreek, fresh leaves, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.... 25A
Fenugreek, dried leaves, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.... 25B
Feverfew, fresh leaves, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. 25A
Bip....................................................
Feverfew, dried leaves, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. 25B
Bip....................................................
Field pennycress, fresh leaves, Thlaspi arvense L....... 25A
Field pennycress, dried leaves, Thlaspi arvense L....... 25B
Flowers, edible, fresh, multiple species................ 25A
Flowers, edible, dried, multiple species................ 25B
Fumitory, fresh leaves, Fumaria officinalis L........... 25A
Fumitory, dried leaves, Fumaria officinalis L........... 25B
Galbanum, fresh leaves, Ferula gummosa Boiss............ 25A
Galbanum, dried leaves, Ferula gummosa Boiss............ 25B
Galega, fresh leaves, Galega officinalis L.............. 25A
Galega, dried leaves, Galega officinalis L.............. 25B
Gambir, fresh leaves, Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb... 25A
Gambir, dried leaves, Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb... 25B
Geranium, fresh leaves, Pelargonium spp................. 25A
Geranium, dried leaves, Pelargonium spp................. 25B
Geranium, lemon, fresh leaves, Pelargonium crispum (P. 25A
J. Bergius) L'Her......................................
Geranium, lemon, dried leaves, Pelargonium crispum (P. 25B
J. Bergius) L'Her......................................
Geranium, rose, fresh leaves, Pelargonium graveolens 25A
L'Her..................................................
Geranium, rose, dried leaves, Pelargonium graveolens 25B
L'Her..................................................
Germander, golden, fresh leaves, Teucrium polium L...... 25A
Germander, golden, dried leaves, Teucrium polium L...... 25B
Goldenrod, European, fresh leaves, Solidago virgaurea 25A
Scop...................................................
Goldenrod, European, dried leaves, Solidago virgaurea 25B
Scop...................................................
Goldenseal, fresh leaves, Hydrastis canadensis L........ 25A
Goldenseal, dried leaves, Hydrastis canadensis L........ 25B
Gotu kola, fresh leaves, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb..... 25A
Gotu kola, dried leaves, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb..... 25B
Greater periwinkle, fresh leaves, Vinca major L......... 25A
Greater periwinkle, dried leaves, Vinca major L......... 25B
Guayusa, fresh leaves, Ilex guayusa Loes................ 25A
Guayusa, dried leaves, Ilex guayusa Loes................ 25B
Gumweed, fresh leaves, Grindelia camporum Greene........ 25A
Gumweed, dried leaves, Grindelia camporum Greene........ 25B
Gymnema, fresh leaves, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. 25A
Gymnema, dried leaves, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. 25B
Gypsywort, fresh leaves, Lycopus europaeus L............ 25A
Gypsywort, dried leaves, Lycopus europaeus L............ 25B
Hawthorn, fresh leaves, Crataegus monogyna Jacq.; 25A
Crataegus spp..........................................
Hawthorn, dried leaves, Crataegus monogyna Jacq.; 25B
Crataegus spp..........................................
Heal-all, fresh leaves, Prunella vulgaris L............. 25A
Heal-all, dried leaves, Prunella vulgaris L............. 25B
Hemp nettle, fresh leaves, Galeopsis segetum Neck., 25A
Galeopsis spp..........................................
Hemp nettle, dried leaves, Galeopsis segetum Neck., 25B
Galeopsis spp..........................................
Honewort, fresh leaves, Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 25A
Honewort, dried leaves, Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 25B
Honeybush, fresh leaves, Cyclopia genistoides (L.) R. Br 25A
Honeybush, dried leaves, Cyclopia genistoides (L.) R. Br 25B
Horehound, fresh leaves, Marrubium vulgare L............ 25A
Horehound, dried leaves, Marrubium vulgare L............ 25B
Horsemint, fresh leaves, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.... 25A
Horsemint, dried leaves, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.... 25B
Horsetail, fresh leaves, Equisetum arvense L, E. 25A
ttelmateia Ehrh........................................
Horsetail, dried leaves, Equisetum arvense L, E. 25B
ttelmateia Ehrh........................................
Hyssop, fresh leaves, Hyssopus officinalis L............ 25A
Hyssop, dried leaves, Hyssopus officinalis L............ 25B
Hyssop, anise, fresh leaves, Agastache foeniculum 25A
(Pursh) Kuntze.........................................
[[Page 70988]]
Hyssop, anise, dried leaves, Agastache foeniculum 25B
(Pursh) Kuntze.........................................
Indian tobacco, fresh leaves, Lobelia inflata L......... 25A
Indian tobacco, dried leaves, Lobelia inflata L......... 25B
Ironwort, fresh leaves, Sideritis scardica Griseb., 25A
Sideritis spp..........................................
Ironwort, dried leaves, Sideritis scardica Griseb., 25B
Sideritis spp..........................................
Ivy, fresh leaves, Hedera helix L....................... 25A
Ivy, dried leaves, Hedera helix L....................... 25B
Jamaica dogwood, fresh leaves, Piscidia piscipula (L.) 25A
Sarg...................................................
Jamaica dogwood, dried leaves, Piscidia piscipula (L.) 25B
Sarg...................................................
Jasmine, dried leaves, Jasminum officinale L., J. 25B
odoratissimum L........................................
Jasmine, fresh leaves, Jasminum officinale L., J. 25A
odoratissimum L........................................
Labrador tea, fresh leaves, Rhododendron groenlandicum 25A
(Oeder) Kron & Judd, R. tomentosum Harmaja.............
Labrador tea, dried leaves, Rhododendron groenlandicum 25B
(Oeder) Kron & Judd, R. tomentosum Harmaja.............
Lavender, fresh leaves, Lavandula angustifolia Mill..... 25A
Lavender, dried leaves, Lavandula angustifolia Mill..... 25B
Lemon verbena, fresh leaves, Aloysia citrodora Palau.... 25A
Lemon verbena, dried leaves, Aloysia citrodora Palau.... 25B
Lemongrass, fresh leaves, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) 25A
Stapf..................................................
Lemongrass, dried leaves, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) 25B
Stapf..................................................
Lovage, fresh leaves, Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch. 25A
Lovage, dried leaves, Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch. 25B
Love-in-a-mist, fresh leaves, Nigella damascena L....... 25A
Love-in-a-mist, dried leaves, Nigella damascena L....... 25B
Mamaki, fresh leaves, Pipturus arborescens (Link) C. B. 25A
Rob....................................................
Mamaki, dried leaves, Pipturus arborescens (Link) C. B. 25B
Rob....................................................
Marigold, fresh leaves, Tagetes spp..................... 25A
Marigold, dried leaves, Tagetes spp..................... 25B
Marigold, African, fresh leaves, Tagetes erecta L....... 25A
Marigold, African, dried leaves, Tagetes erecta L....... 25B
Marigold, Aztec, fresh leaves, Tagetes minuta L......... 25A
Marigold, Aztec, dried leaves, Tagetes minuta L......... 25B
Marigold, French, fresh leaves, Tagetes patula L........ 25A
Marigold, French, dried leaves, Tagetes patula L........ 25B
Marigold, Irish lace, fresh leaves, Tagetes filifolia 25A
Lag....................................................
Marigold, Irish lace, dried leaves, Tagetes filifolia 25B
Lag....................................................
Marigold, licorice, fresh leaves, Tagetes micrantha Cav. 25A
Marigold, licorice, dried leaves, Tagetes micrantha Cav. 25B
Marigold, Mexican mint, fresh leaves, Tagetes lucida Cav 25A
Marigold, Mexican mint, dried leaves, Tagetes lucida Cav 25B
Marigold, signet, fresh leaves, Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.. 25A
Marigold, signet, dried leaves, Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.. 25B
Marjoram, fresh leaves, Origanum spp.................... 25A
Marjoram, dried leaves, Origanum spp.................... 25B
Marjoram, pot, fresh leaves, Origanum onites L.......... 25A
Marjoram, pot, dried leaves, Origanum onites L.......... 25B
Marjoram, sweet, fresh leaves, Origanum majorana L...... 25A
Marjoram, sweet, dried leaves, Origanum majorana L...... 25B
Marshmallow, fresh leaves, Althaea officinalis L........ 25A
Marshmallow, dried leaves, Althaea officinalis L........ 25B
Meadowsweet, fresh leaves, Filipendula ulmaria (L.) 25A
Maxim..................................................
Meadowsweet, dried leaves, Filipendula ulmaria (L.) 25B
Maxim..................................................
Mint, fresh leaves, Mentha spp.......................... 25A
Mint, dried leaves, Mentha spp.......................... 25B
Mint, corn, fresh leaves, Mentha arvensis L............. 25A
Mint, corn, dried leaves, Mentha arvensis L............. 25B
Mint, Korean, fresh leaves, Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & 25A
C.A. Mey.) Kun.........................................
Mint, Korean, dried leaves, Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & 25B
C.A. Mey.) Kun.........................................
Monarda, fresh leaves, Monarda spp...................... 25A
Monarda, dried leaves, Monarda spp...................... 25B
Moringa, fresh leaves, Moringa oleifera L............... 25A
Moringa, dried leaves, Moringa oleifera L............... 25B
Motherwort, fresh leaves, Leonurus cardiaca L........... 25A
Motherwort, dried leaves, Leonurus cardiaca L........... 25B
Mountainmint, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum spp............ 25A
Mountainmint, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum spp............ 25B
Mountainmint, clustered, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum 25A
muticum (Michx.) Pers..................................
Mountainmint, clustered, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum 25B
muticum (Michx.) Pers..................................
Mountainmint, hoary, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum incanum 25A
Michx..................................................
Mountainmint, hoary, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum incanum 25B
Michx..................................................
Mountainmint, Virginia, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum 25A
virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. Ex B.L. Rob. &
Fernald................................................
Mountainmint, Virginia, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum 25B
virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. ex B.L. Rob. &
Fernald................................................
[[Page 70989]]
Mountainmint, whorled, fresh leaves, Pycnanthemum 25A
verticillatum (Michx.) Pers............................
Mountainmint, whorled, dried leaves, Pycnanthemum 25B
verticillatum (Michx.) Pers............................
Mugwort, fresh leaves, Artemisia vulgaris L............. 25A
Mugwort, dried leaves, Artemisia vulgaris L............. 25B
Mulberry, white, fresh leaves, Morus alba L............. 25A
Mulberry, white, dried leaves, Morus alba L............. 25B
Mullein, fresh leaves, Verbascum densiflorum Bertol., 25A
Verbascum spp..........................................
Mullein, dried leaves, Verbascum densiflorum Bertol., 25B
Verbascum spp..........................................
Mustard, hedge, fresh leaves, Sisymbrium officinale (L.) 25A
Scop...................................................
Mustard, hedge, dried leaves, Sisymbrium officinale (L.) 25B
Scop...................................................
Nasturtium, fresh leaves, Tropaeolum spp................ 25A
Nasturtium, dried leaves, Tropaeolum spp................ 25B
Nasturtium, bush, fresh leaves, Tropaeolum minus L...... 25A
Nasturtium, bush, dried leaves, Tropaeolum minus L...... 25B
Nasturtium, garden, fresh leaves, Tropaeolum majus L.... 25A
Nasturtium, garden, dried leaves, Tropaeolum majus L.... 25B
Nettle, stinging, fresh leaves, Urtica dioica L......... 25A
Nettle, stinging, dried leaves, Urtica dioica L......... 25B
Oregano, fresh leaves, Origanum vulgare L............... 25A
Oregano, dried leaves, Origanum vulgare L............... 25B
Oregano, Mexican, fresh leaves, Lippia graveolens Kunth. 25A
Oregano, Mexican, dried leaves, Lippia graveolens Kunth. 25B
Oregano, Puerto Rico, fresh leaves, Lippia micromera 25A
Schauer................................................
Oregano, Puerto Rico, dried leaves, Lippia micromera 25B
Schauer................................................
Oswego tea, fresh leaves, Monarda didyma L.............. 25A
Oswego tea, dried leaves, Monarda didyma L.............. 25B
Pandan leaf, fresh leaves, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. 25A
Pandan leaf, dried leaves, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. 25B
Pansy, fresh leaves, Viola tricolor L................... 25A
Pansy, dried leaves, Viola tricolor L................... 25B
Paracress, fresh leaves, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. 25A
Jansen.................................................
Paracress, dried leaves, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. 25B
Jansen.................................................
Parsley, dried leaves, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss 25B
Partridge berry, fresh leaves, Mitchella repens L....... 25A
Partridge berry, dried leaves, Mitchella repens L....... 25B
Patchouli, fresh leaves, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) 25A
Benth..................................................
Patchouli, dried leaves, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) 25B
Benth..................................................
Pennyroyal, fresh leaves, Mentha pulegium L............. 25A
Pennyroyal, dried leaves, Mentha pulegium L............. 25B
Pepper leaf, black, fresh leaves, Piper nigrum L........ 25A
Pepper leaf, black, dried leaves, Piper nigrum L........ 25B
Peppermint, fresh leaves, Mentha X piperita L........... 25A
Peppermint, dried leaves, Mentha X piperita L........... 25B
Perilla, fresh leaves, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.. 25A
Perilla, dried leaves, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.. 25B
Pill bearing spurge, fresh leaves, Euphorbia hirta L.... 25A
Pill bearing spurge, dried leaves, Euphorbia hirta L.... 25B
Pipsissewa, fresh leaves, Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. 25A
P. C. Barton...........................................
Pipsissewa, dried leaves, Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. 25B
P. C. Barton...........................................
Plantain, common, fresh leaves, Plantago major L........ 25A
Plantain, common, dried leaves, Plantago major L........ 25B
Rooibos, fresh leaves, Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. 25A
Dahlgren...............................................
Rooibos, dried leaves, Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. 25B
Dahlgren...............................................
Rose, fresh leaves, Rosa spp............................ 25A
Rose, dried leaves, Rosa spp............................ 25B
Rosemary, fresh leaves, Rosmarinus officinalis L........ 25A
Rosemary, dried leaves, Rosmarinus officinalis L........ 25B
Sage, fresh leaves, Salvia officinalis L................ 25A
Sage, dried leaves, Salvia officinalis L................ 25B
Sage, Greek, fresh leaves, Salvia fruticosa Mill........ 25A
Sage, Greek, dried leaves, Salvia fruticosa Mill........ 25B
Sage, Spanish, fresh leaves, Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. 25A
Sage, Spanish, dried leaves, Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. 25B
Sage, white, fresh leaves, Salvia apiana Jeps........... 25A
Sage, white, dried leaves, Salvia apiana Jeps........... 25B
Savory, summer, fresh leaves, Satureja hortensis L...... 25A
Savory, summer, dried leaves, Satureja hortensis L...... 25B
Savory, winter, fresh leaves, Satureja montana L........ 25A
Savory, winter, dried leaves, Satureja montana L........ 25B
Senna, fresh leaves, Senna alexandrina Mill............. 25A
Senna, dried leaves, Senna alexandrina Mill............. 25B
[[Page 70990]]
Siberian fir, fresh leaves, Abies sibirica Ledeb........ 25A
Siberian fir, dried leaves, Abies sibirica Ledeb........ 25B
Skullcap, fresh leaves, Scutellaria lateriflora L....... 25A
Skullcap, dried leaves, Scutellaria lateriflora L....... 25B
Small flower willow head, fresh leaves, Epilobium 25A
parviflorum Schreb.....................................
Small flower willow head, dried leaves, Epilobium 25B
parviflorum Schreb.....................................
Sorrel, fresh leaves, Rumex spp......................... 25A
Sorrel, dried leaves, Rumex spp......................... 25B
Sorrel, French, fresh leaves, Rumex scutatus L.......... 25A
Sorrel, French, dried leaves, Rumex scutatus L.......... 25B
Sorrel, garden, fresh leaves, Rumex acetosa L........... 25A
Sorrel, garden, dried leaves, Rumex acetosa L........... 25B
Southernwood, fresh leaves, Artemisia abrotanum L....... 25A
Southernwood, dried leaves, Artemisia abrotanum L....... 25B
Spearmint, fresh leaves, Mentha spicata L............... 25A
Spearmint, dried leaves, Mentha spicata L............... 25B
Spearmint, Scotch, fresh leaves, Mentha x gracilis Sole. 25A
Spearmint, Scotch, dried leaves, Mentha x gracilis Sole. 25B
Spilanthes, fresh leaves, Blainvillea acmella (L.) 25A
Philipson..............................................
Spilanthes, dried leaves, Blainvillea acmella (L.) 25B
Philipson..............................................
Spotted beebalm, fresh leaves, Monarda punctata L....... 25A
Spotted beebalm, dried leaves, Monarda punctata L....... 25B
St John's Wort, fresh leaves, Hypericum perforatum L.... 25A
St John's Wort, dried leaves, Hypericum perforatum L.... 25B
Stevia, fresh leaves, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) 25A
Bertoni................................................
Stevia, dried leaves, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) 25B
Bertoni................................................
Stoneroot, fresh leaves, Collinsonia canadensis L....... 25A
Stoneroot, dried leaves, Collinsonia canadensis L....... 25B
Swamp leaf, fresh leaves, Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) 25A
Merr...................................................
Swamp leaf, dried leaves, Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) 25B
Merr...................................................
Tansy, fresh leaves, Tanacetum vulgare L................ 25A
Tansy, dried leaves, Tanacetum vulgare L................ 25B
Tarragon, fresh leaves, Artemisia dracunculus L......... 25A
Tarragon, dried leaves, Artemisia dracunculus L......... 25B
Thuja, fresh leaves, Thuja occidentalis L............... 25A
Thuja, dried leaves, Thuja occidentalis L............... 25B
Thyme, fresh leaves, Thymus spp......................... 25A
Thyme, dried leaves, Thymus spp......................... 25B
Thyme, creeping, fresh leaves, Thymus serpyllum L....... 25A
Thyme, creeping, dried leaves, Thymus serpyllum L....... 25B
Thyme, lemon, fresh leaves, Thymus xcitriodorus (Pers.) 25A
Schreb.................................................
Thyme, lemon, dried leaves, Thymus xcitriodorus (Pers.) 25B
Schreb.................................................
Thyme, mastic, fresh leaves, Thymus mastichina (L.) L... 25A
Thyme, mastic, dried leaves, Thymus mastichina (L.) L... 25B
Toon, Chinese, fresh leaves, Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) 25A
M. Roem................................................
Toon, Chinese, dried leaves, Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) 25B
M. Roem................................................
Toothed clubmoss, fresh leaves, Huperzia serrata 25A
(Thunb.) Trevis........................................
Toothed clubmoss, dried leaves, Huperzia serrata 25B
(Thunb.) Trevis........................................
Trailing arbutus, fresh leaves, Epigaea repens L........ 25A
Trailing arbutus, dried leaves, Epigaea repens L........ 25B
Vasaka, fresh leaves, Justicia adhatoda L............... 25A
Vasaka, dried leaves, Justicia adhatoda L............... 25B
Verbena, blue, fresh leaves, Verbena hastata L.......... 25A
Verbena, blue, dried leaves, Verbena hastata L.......... 25B
Veronica, fresh leaves, Veronica officinalis L.......... 25A
Veronica, dried leaves, Veronica officinalis L.......... 25B
Violet, fresh leaves, Viola odorata L................... 25A
Violet, dried leaves, Viola odorata L................... 25B
Watermint, fresh leaves, Mentha aquatica L.............. 25A
Watermint, dried leaves, Mentha aquatica L.............. 25B
Waterpepper, fresh leaves, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) 25A
Delarbre...............................................
Waterpepper, dried leaves, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) 25B
Delarbre...............................................
Wild bergamot, fresh leaves, Monarda fistulosa L........ 25A
Wild bergamot, dried leaves, Monarda fistulosa L........ 25B
Wintergreen, fresh leaves, Gaultheria procumbens L...... 25A
Wintergreen, dried leaves, Gaultheria procumbens L...... 25B
Wood betony, fresh leaves, Stachys officinalis (L.) 25A
Trevis.................................................
Wood betony, dried leaves, Stachys officinalis (L.) 25B
Trevis.................................................
Woodruff, fresh leaves, Galium odoratum (L.) Scop....... 25A
Woodruff, dried leaves, Galium odoratum (L.) Scop....... 25B
Wormwood, fresh leaves, Artemisia absinthium L.......... 25A
[[Page 70991]]
Wormwood, dried leaves, Artemisia absinthium L.......... 25B
Wormwood, Roman, fresh leaves, Artemisia pontica L...... 25A
Wormwood, Roman, dried leaves, Artemisia pontica L...... 25B
Yarrow, fresh leaves, Achillea millefolium L............ 25A
Yarrow, dried leaves, Achillea millefolium L............ 25B
Yellow gentian, fresh leaves, Gentiana lutea L.......... 25A
Yellow gentian, dried leaves, Gentiana lutea L.......... 25B
Yerba santa, fresh leaves, Eriodictyon californicum 25A
(Hook. & Arn.) Torr....................................
Yerba santa, dried leaves, Eriodictyon californicum 25B
(Hook. & Arn.) Torr....................................
Yomogi, fresh leaves, Artemisia princeps L.............. 25A
Yomogi, dried leaves, Artemisia princeps L.............. 25B
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.. ..............
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Crop subgroups. The following Table 2 identifies the crop
subgroups for Crop Group 25, specifies the representative commodities
for each subgroup, and lists all the commodities included in each
subgroup.
[[Page 70992]]
Table 2--Crop Group 25: Subgroup Listing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative commodities Commodities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop subgroup 25A. Herb fresh leaves subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basil, fresh leaves and mint, Agrimony, fresh leaves; Amla, fresh
fresh leaves. leaves; Angelica, fresh leaves;
Angelica, dahurian, fresh leaves;
Applemint, fresh leaves; Avarum, fresh
leaves; Balloon pea, fresh leaves; Balm,
fresh leaves; Barrenwort, fresh leaves;
Basil, fresh leaves; Basil, American,
fresh leaves; Basil, Greek, fresh
leaves; Basil, holy, fresh leaves;
Basil, lemon, fresh leaves; Basil,
Russian, fresh leaves; Bay, fresh
leaves; Bearberry, fresh leaves;
Bisongrass, fresh leaves; Blue mallow,
fresh leaves; Boneset, fresh leaves;
Borage, fresh leaves; Borage, Indian,
fresh leaves; Burnet, fresh leaves;
Burnet, garden, fresh leaves; Burnet,
salad, fresh leaves; Butterbur, fresh
leaves; Calamint, fresh leaves;
Calamint, large-flower, fresh leaves;
Calamint, lesser, fresh leaves;
Calendula, fresh leaves; Caltrop, fresh
leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), fresh
leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), German,
fresh leaves; Camomile (Chamomile),
Roman, fresh leaves; Caraway, fresh
leaves; Cat's claw, fresh leaves;
Catnip, fresh leaves; Catnip, Japanese,
fresh leaves; Celandine, greater, fresh
leaves; Celandine, lesser, fresh leaves;
Centaury, fresh leaves; Chaste tree,
fresh leaves; Chaste tree, Chinese,
fresh leaves; Chinese blackberry, fresh
leaves; Chinese foxglove, fresh leaves;
Cicely, sweet, fresh leaves; Clary,
fresh leaves; Coriander, Bolivian, fresh
leaves; Coriander, Vietnamese, fresh
leaves; Costmary, fresh leaves; Creat,
fresh leaves; Culantro, fresh leaves;
Curry leaf, fresh leaves; Curryplant,
fresh leaves; Cut leaf, fresh leaves;
Damiana, fresh leaves; Dokudami, fresh
leaves; Echinacea, fresh leaves;
Epazote, fresh leaves; Eucommia, fresh
leaves; Evening primrose, fresh leaves;
Eyebright, fresh leaves; Fennel, common,
fresh leaves; Fennel, Spanish, fresh
leaves; Fenugreek, fresh leaves;
Feverfew, fresh leaves; Field
pennycress, fresh leaves; Flowers,
edible, fresh; Fumitory, fresh leaves;
Galbanum, fresh leaves; Galega, fresh
leaves; Gambir, fresh leaves; Geranium,
fresh leaves; Geranium, lemon, fresh
leaves; Geranium, rose, fresh leaves;
Germander, golden, fresh leaves;
Goldenrod, European, fresh leaves;
Goldenseal, fresh leaves; Gotu kola,
fresh leaves; Greater periwinkle, fresh
leaves; Guayusa, fresh leaves; Gumweed,
fresh leaves; Gymnema, fresh leaves;
Gypsywort, fresh leaves; Hawthorn, fresh
leaves; Heal-all, fresh leaves; Hemp
nettle, fresh leaves; Honewort, fresh
leaves; Honeybush, fresh leaves;
Horehound, fresh leaves; Horsemint,
fresh leaves; Horsetail, fresh leaves;
Hyssop, fresh leaves; Hyssop, anise,
fresh leaves; Indian tobacco, fresh
leaves; Ironwort, fresh leaves; Ivy,
fresh leaves; Jamaica dogwood, fresh
leaves; Jasmine, fresh leaves; Labrador
tea, fresh leaves; Lavender, fresh
leaves; Lemon verbena, fresh leaves;
Lemongrass, fresh leaves; Lovage, fresh
leaves; Love-in-a-mist, fresh leaves;
Mamaki, fresh leaves; Marigold, fresh
leaves; Marigold, African, fresh leaves;
Marigold, Aztec, fresh leaves; Marigold,
French, fresh leaves; Marigold, Irish
lace, fresh leaves; Marigold, licorice,
fresh leaves; Marigold, Mexican mint,
fresh leaves; Marigold, signet, fresh
leaves; Marjoram, fresh leaves;
Marjoram, pot, fresh leaves; Marjoram,
sweet, fresh leaves; Marshmallow, fresh
leaves; Meadowsweet, fresh leaves; Mint,
fresh leaves; Mint, corn, fresh leaves;
Mint, Korean, fresh leaves; Monarda,
fresh leaves; Moringa, fresh leaves;
Motherwort, fresh leaves; Mountainmint,
fresh leaves; Mountainmint, clustered,
fresh leaves; Mountainmint, hoary, fresh
leaves; Mountainmint, Virginia, fresh
leaves; Mountainmint, whorled, fresh
leaves; Mugwort, fresh leaves; Mulberry,
white, fresh leaves; Mullein, fresh
leaves; Mustard, hedge, fresh leaves;
Nasturtium, fresh leaves; Nasturtium,
bush, fresh leaves; Nasturtium, garden,
fresh leaves; Nettle, stinging, fresh
leaves; Oregano, fresh leaves; Oregano,
Mexican, fresh leaves; Oregano, Puerto
Rico, fresh leaves; Oswego tea, fresh
leaves; Pandan leaf, fresh leaves;
Pansy, fresh leaves; Paracress, fresh
leaves; Partridge berry, fresh leaves;
Patchouli, fresh leaves; Pennyroyal,
fresh leaves; Pepper leaf, black, fresh
leaves; Peppermint, fresh leaves;
Perilla, fresh leaves; Pill bearing
spurge, fresh leaves; Pipsissewa, fresh
leaves; Plantain, common, fresh leaves;
Rooibos, fresh leaves; Rose, fresh
leaves; Rosemary, fresh leaves; Sage,
fresh leaves; Sage, Greek, fresh leaves;
Sage, Spanish, fresh leaves; Sage,
white, fresh leaves; Savory, summer,
fresh leaves; Savory, winter, fresh
leaves; Senna, fresh leaves; Siberian
fir, fresh leaves; Skullcap, fresh
leaves; Small flower willow head, fresh
leaves; Sorrel, fresh leaves; Sorrel,
French, fresh leaves; Sorrel, garden,
fresh leaves; Southernwood, fresh
leaves; Spearmint, fresh leaves;
Spearmint, Scotch, fresh leaves;
Spilanthes, fresh leaves; Spotted
beebalm, fresh leaves; St. John's Wort,
fresh leaves; Stevia, fresh leaves;
Stoneroot, fresh leaves; Swamp leaf,
fresh leaves; Tansy, fresh leaves;
Tarragon, fresh leaves; Thuja, fresh
leaves; Thyme, fresh leaves; Thyme,
creeping, fresh leaves; Thyme, lemon,
fresh leaves; Thyme, mastic, fresh
leaves; Toon, Chinese, fresh leaves;
Toothed clubmoss, fresh leaves; Trailing
arbutus, fresh leaves; Vasaka, fresh
leaves; Verbena, blue, fresh leaves;
Veronica, fresh leaves; Violet, fresh
leaves; Watermint, fresh leaves;
Waterpepper, fresh leaves; Wild
bergamot, fresh leaves; Wintergreen,
fresh leaves; Wood betony, fresh leaves;
Woodruff, fresh leaves; Wormwood, fresh
leaves; Wormwood, Roman, fresh leaves;
Yarrow, fresh leaves; Yellow gentian,
fresh leaves; Yerba santa, fresh leaves;
Yomogi, fresh leaves; Cultivars,
varieties, and hybrids of these
commodities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 70993]]
Crop subgroup 25B. Herb dried leaves subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basil, dried leaves and mint, Agrimony, dried leaves; Amla, dried
dried leaves. leaves; Angelica, dried leaves;
Angelica, dahurian, dried leaves;
Applemint, dried leaves; Avarum, dried
leaves; Balloon pea, dried leaves; Balm,
dried leaves; Barrenwort, dried leaves;
Basil, dried leaves; Basil, American,
dried leaves; Basil, Greek, dried
leaves; Basil, holy, dried leaves;
Basil, lemon, dried leaves; Basil,
Russian, dried leaves; Bay, dried
leaves; Bearberry, dried leaves;
Bisongrass, dried leaves; Blue mallow,
dried leaves; Boneset, dried leaves;
Borage, dried leaves; Borage, Indian,
dried leaves; Burnet, dried leaves;
Burnet, garden, dried leaves; Burnet,
salad, dried leaves; Butterbur, dried
leaves; Calamint, dried leaves;
Calamint, large-flower, dried leaves;
Calamint, lesser, dried leaves;
Calendula, dried leaves; Caltrop, dried
leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), dried
leaves; Camomile (Chamomile), German,
dried leaves; Camomile (Chamomile),
Roman, dried leaves; Caraway, dried
leaves; Cat's claw, dried leaves;
Catnip, dried leaves; Catnip, Japanese,
dried leaves; Celandine, greater, dried
leaves; Celandine, lesser, dried leaves;
Celery, dried leaves; Centaury, dried
leaves; Chaste tree, dried leaves;
Chaste tree, Chinese, dried leaves;
Chervil, dried leaves; Chinese
blackberry, dried leaves; Chinese
foxglove, dried leaves; Chive, dried
leaves; Chive, Chinese, dried leaves;
Cicely, sweet, dried leaves; Cilantro,
dried leaves; Clary, dried leaves;
Coriander, Bolivian, dried leaves;
Coriander, Vietnamese, dried leaves;
Costmary, dried leaves; Creat, dried
leaves; Culantro, dried leaves; Curry
leaf, dried leaves; Curryplant, dried
leaves; Cut leaf, dried leaves; Damiana,
dried leaves; Dillweed, dried leaves;
Dokudami, dried leaves; Echinacea, dried
leaves; Epazote, dried leaves; Eucommia,
dried leaves; Evening primrose, dried
leaves; Eyebright, dried leaves; Fennel,
common, dried leaves; Fennel, Florence,
dried leaves; Fenugreek, dried leaves;
Feverfew, dried leaves; Field
pennycress, dried leaves; Flowers,
edible, dried; Fumitory, dried leaves;
Galbanum, dried leaves; Galega, dried
leaves; Gambir, dried leaves; Geranium,
dried leaves; Geranium, lemon, dried
leaves; Geranium, rose, dried leaves;
Germander, golden, dried leaves;
Goldenrod, European, dried leaves;
Goldenseal, dried leaves; Gotu kola,
dried leaves; Greater periwinkle, dried
leaves; Guayusa, dried leaves; Gumweed,
dried leaves; Gymnema, dried leaves;
Gypsywort, dried leaves; Hawthorn, dried
leaves; Heal-all, dried leaves; Hemp
nettle, dried leaves; Honewort, dried
leaves; Honeybush, dried leaves;
Horehound, dried leaves; Horsemint,
dried leaves; Horsetail, dried leaves;
Hyssop, dried leaves; Hyssop, anise,
dried leaves; Indian tobacco, dried
leaves; Ironwort, dried leaves; Ivy,
dried leaves; Jamaica dogwood, dried
leaves; Jasmine, dried leave; Labrador
tea, dried leaves; Lavender, dried
leaves; Lemon verbena, dried leaves;
Lemongrass, dried leaves; Lovage, dried
leaves; Love-in-a-mist, dried leaves;
Mamaki, dried leaves; Marigold, dried
leaves; Marigold, African, dried leaves;
Marigold, Aztec, dried leaves; Marigold,
French, dried leaves; Marigold, Irish
lace, dried leaves; Marigold, licorice,
dried leaves; Marigold, Mexican mint,
dried leaves; Marigold, signet, dried
leaves; Marjoram, dried leaves;
Marjoram, sweet, dried leaves;
Marshmallow, dried leaves; Meadowsweet,
dried leaves; Mint, dried leaves; Mint,
corn, dried leaves; Mint, Korean, dried
leaves; Monarda, dried leaves; Moringa,
dried leaves; Motherwort, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, clustered, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, hoary, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, Virginia, dried leaves;
Mountainmint, whorled, dried leaves;
Mugwort, dried leaves; Mulberry, white,
dried leaves; Mullein, dried leaves;
Mustard, hedge, dried leaves;
Nasturtium, dried leaves; Nasturtium,
bush, dried leaves; Nasturtium, garden,
dried leaves; Nettle, stinging, dried
leaves; Oregano, dried leaves; Oregano,
Mexican, dried leaves; Oregano, Puerto
Rico, dried leaves; Oswego tea, dried
leaves; Pandan leaf, dried leaves;
Pansy, dried leaves; Paracress, dried
leaves; Parsley, dried leaves; Partridge
berry, dried leaves; Patchouli, dried
leaves; Pennyroyal, dried leaves; Pepper
leaf, black, dried leaves; Peppermint,
dried leaves; Perilla, dried leaves;
Pill bearing spurge, dried leaves;
Pipsissewa, dried leaves; Plantain,
common, dried leaves; Rooibos, dried
leaves; Rose, dried leaves; Rosemary,
dried leaves; Sage, dried leaves; Sage,
Greek, dried leaves; Sage, Spanish,
dried leaves; Sage, white, dried leaves;
Savory, summer, dried leaves; Savory,
winter, dried leaves; Senna, dried
leaves; Siberian fir, dried leaves;
Skullcap, dried leaves; Small flower
willow head, dried leaves; Sorrel, dried
leaves; Sorrel, French, dried leaves;
Sorrel, garden, dried leaves;
Southernwood, dried leaves; Spearmint,
dried leaves; Spearmint, Scotch, dried
leaves; Spilanthes, dried leaves;
Spotted beebalm, dried leaves; St.
John's Wort, dried leaves; Stevia, dried
leaves; Stoneroot, dried leaves; Swamp
leaf, dried leaves; Tansy, dried leaves;
Tarragon, dried leaves; Thuja, dried
leaves; Thyme, dried leaves; Thyme,
creeping, dried leaves; Thyme, lemon,
dried leaves; Thyme, mastic, dried
leaves; Toon, Chinese, dried leaves;
Toothed clubmoss, dried leaves; Trailing
arbutus, dried leaves; Vasaka, dried
leaves; Verbena, blue, dried leaves;
Veronica, dried leaves; Violet, dried
leaves; Watermint, dried leaves;
Waterpepper, dried leaves; Wintergreen,
dried leaves; Wood betony, dried leaves;
Woodruff, dried leaves; Wormwood, dried
leaves; Wormwood, Roman, dried leaves;
Yarrow, dried leaves; Yellow gentian,
dried leaves; Yerba santa, dried leaves;
Yomogi, dried leaves; Fennel, Spanish,
dried leaves; Marjoram, pot, dried
leaves; Wild bergamot, dried leaves;
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of
these commodities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(35) Crop Group 26. Spice Group.
(i) Representative commodities. Dill seed or Celery seed.
(ii) Commodities. The following Table 3 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 26.
[[Page 70994]]
Table 1--Crop Group 26: Spice Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commodities
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ajowan, seed, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill.
Alder buckhorn, Frangula alnus Mill.
Allspice, Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.
Ambrette, seed, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.
Amla, seed, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach.
Angelica, dahurian, seed, Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. F.
ex Franch. & Sav.
Angelica, seed, Angelica archangelica L.
Angostura, bark, Angostura trifoliata (Willd.) T. S. Elias.
Anise pepper, Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.
Anise, seed, Pimpinella anisum L.
Anise, star, Illicium verum Hook. f.
Annatto, seed, Bixa orellana L.
Asafoetida, Ferula assa-foetida L.
Ashwagandha, fruit, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.
Autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale L.
Balsam, Peruvian, Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle)
Harms.
Barberry, bark, Morella cerifera L.
Batavia-cassia, bark, Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume.
Batavia-cassia, fruit, Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume.
Belleric myrobalan, Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Betel vine, Piper betle L.
Birch, bark, Betula spp.
Bisnaga, seed, Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.
Bitterwood, Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Black bread weed, Nigella arvensis L.
Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis L.
Blue mallee, Eucalyptus polybractea R. T. Baker.
Blushwood, seed, Fontainea picrosperma L.
Boldo, leaf, Peumus boldus Molina.
Buchu, Agathosma betulina (P. J. Bergius) Pillans.
Calamus root, Acorus calamus L.
Candlebush, Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
Canella, bark, Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.
Caper buds, Capparis spinosa L.
Caper spurge, seed, Euphorbia lathyrus L.
Caraway, black, Nigella sativa L.
Caraway, fruit, Carum carvi L.
Cardamom, black, Amomum spp.
Cardamom, Ethiopian, Aframomum corrorima (A. Braun) P. C. M. Jansen.
Cardamom, green, Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton.
Cardamom, Nepal, Amomum subulatum Roxb., A. aromaticum Roxb.
Cardamom-amomum, Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton.
Cascara sagrada, Frangula purshiana (DC.) A. Gray.
Cassia, bark, Cinnamomum spp.
Cassia, Chinese, bark, Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees.
Cassia, Chinese, fruit, Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees.
Cassia, fruit, Cinnamomum spp.
Cat's claw, bark, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC., U. guianensis (Aubl.)
J. F. Gmel.
Catechu, bark, Senegalia catechu (L.f.) P. J. H. Hurter & Mabb.
Celery, seed, Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Chaste tree, berry, Vitex agnus-castus L.
Chaste tree, Chinese, roots, Vitex negundo L.
Chervil, seed, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.
Chinese hawthorn, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge.
Chinese nutmeg tree, Torreya grandis Fortune.
Chinese wineberry, fruit, Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz.
Chinese-pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans Hance.
Cinnamon, bark, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.
Cinnamon, fruit, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.
Cinnamon, Saigon, bark, Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees.
Cinnamon, Saigon, fruit, Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees.
Clove buds, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry.
Clusterleaf, Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC.
Comfrey, Symphytum officinale L., Symphytum spp.
Copaiba, Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L.
Coptis, Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis spp.
Coriander, fruit, Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriander, seed, Coriandrum sativum L.
Cotton, bark, Gossypium hirsutum L.
Crampbark, Virburnum opulus L.
Cubeb, seed, Piper cubeba L. f.
Culantro, seed, Eryngium foetidum L.
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Culvers root, Veronicastrum virginicum.
Cumin, Cuminum cyminum L.
Cumin, black, Bumium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.
Dill, seed, Anethum graveolens L.
Dorrigo pepper, berry, Tasmannia stipitata (Vick.) A.C. Smith.
Dorrigo pepper, leaf, Tasmannia stipitata (Vick.) A.C. Smith.
Dragon blood, Croton lechleri M[uuml]ll. Arg.
Echinacea, seed, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Echinacea spp.
Epimedium, Epimedium spp.
Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus spp.
Eucommia, bark, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
European beech, Fagus sylvatica L.
Felty germander, Teucrium polium L.
Fennel flower, seed, Nigella hispanica L.
Fennel, common, fruit, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
vulgare.
Fennel, common, seed, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
vulgare.
Fennel, Florence, fruit, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
azoricum (Mill.) Thell.
Fennel, Florence, seed, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
azoricum (Mill.) Thell.
Fenugreek, seed, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.
Flame lily, seed, Gloriosa superba L.
Frankincense, Boswellia sacra Flueck.
Frankincense, Indian, Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.
Fringetree, bark, Chionathus virginicus L.
Galbanum, resin, Ferula gummosa Boiss.
Gambooge, Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson.
Grains of paradise, Aframomum melegueta K. Schum.
Grains of Selim, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich.
Guaiac, Guaiacum officinale L.
Guarana, Paullinia cupana Kunt.
Guggul, Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari.
Gum arabic, Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton.
Gum ghatti, Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr.
Gum karaya, Stercula urens Roxb.
Gum tragacanth, Astragalus gummifer Labill.
Haw, black, Viburnum prunifolium L.
Honewort, seed, Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.
Imperatoria, Peucedanum officinale L.
Indian tobacco, seed, Lobelia inflata L.
Iva, Achillea erba-rotta All. subsp. moschata (Wulfen) I. Richardson.
Jalap, Ipomoea purga (Wender.) Hayne.
Jamaica dogwood, bark, Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.
Juniper berry, Juniperus communis L.
Kaffir lime, leaf, Citrus hystrix DC.
Kewra, Pandanus fascicularis Lam.
Kokam, Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy.
Linden, leaf, Tilia americana L.
Lovage, seed, Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch.
Mace, Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Magnolia, bark, Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
Mahaleb, Prunus mahaleb L.
Malabar cardamom, Amomum villosum Lour.
Malabar-tamarind, Garcinia spp.
Malabathrum, Cinnamomum tamala (Buch-Ham.) Nees & Eberm.
Mastic, Pistacia lentiscus L.
Micromeria, white, Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce.
Milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Mioga, Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe.
Miracle fruit, Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell.
Mistletoe, Viscum album L.
Mojave yucca, Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies.
Muira puama, Croton echioides M[uuml]ll. Arg.
Mustard, black, Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch.
Mustard, brown, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea.
Mustard, seed, Brassica spp. and Sinapis spp.
Mustard, white, Sinapis alba L. ssp. alba.
Myrrh, Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl., C. africana (A. Rich.) Engl.
Myrrh, bisabol, Commiphora kataf (Forssk.) Engl.
Myrtle, anise, Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffen.
Myrtle, leaf, Myrtus communis L.
Myrtle, lemon, Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.
Nasturtium, bush, pods, Tropaeolum minus L.
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Nasturtium, garden, pods, Tropaeolum majus L.
Nasturtium, pods, Tropaeolum spp.
Nettle, stinging, seed, Urtica dioica L.
Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Osha, Ligusticum porteri J.M. Coult. & Rose.
Pepper, black, Piper nigrum L.
Pepper, Indian long, Piper longum L.
Pepper, Javanese long, Piper retrofractum Vahl.
Pepper, leaf, Piper auritum Kunth, P. lolot C.DC., P. sanctum (Miq.)
Schltdl., P. umbellatum L.
Pepper, pink, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.
Pepper, Sichuan, Zanthoxylum spp.
Pepper, white, Piper nigrum L.
Pepperbush, berry, Tasmannia spp.
Pepperbush, leaf, Tasmannia spp.
Peppercorn, green, Piper nigrum L.
Peppertree, Schinus spp.
Peppertree, Peruvian, Schinus molle L.
Perilla, seed, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.
Phellodendron, Phellodendron amurense Rvpr.
Pine, maritime, Pinus pinaster Aiton.
Poppy, seed, Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum.
Prickly ash, Chinese, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.
Prickly ash, Southern, bark, Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L.
Pygeum, Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman.
Qing hua jiao, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc.
Quassia, bark, Quassia amara L., Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Quebracho, bark, Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl.
Quillaja, Quillaja saponaria Molina.
Quinine, Cinchona pubescens Vahl, Cinchona spp.
Rauwolfia, bark, Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel.
Resin spurge, Euphorbia resinifera O. Berg.
Rue, Ruta graveolens L.
Saffron crocus, Crocus sativus L.
Sandalwood, seed, Santalum album L.
Sassafras, bark, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees.
Sassafras, leaf, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees.
Saunders, red, Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.
Saw palmetto, Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small.
Sesame, seed, Sesamum indicum L., S. radiatum Thonn. ex Hornem.
Silktree, bark, Albizia julibrissin Durazz., A. lebbeck (L.) Benth.
Simaruba, bark, Simarouba amara Aubl.
Skunk cabbage, root, Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W. P. C.
Barton.
Slippery elm, Ulmus rubra Muhl.
Stemona, root, Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq.
Suma, Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.) Pedersen.
Sumac, fragrant, Rhus aromatica Aiton.
Sumac, smooth, leaf, Rhus glabra L.
Taheebo, bark, Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos.
Tamarind, seed, Tamarindus indica L.
Tasmanian pepper, berry, Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A. C. Sm.
Tasmanian pepper, leaf, Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A. C. Sm.
Threeleaf caper, Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC.
Tsaoko, Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemari[eacute].
Vanilla, Vanilla planifolia Jacks.
Wattleseed, Acacia spp.
White willow, Salix alba L.
Willow, Salix spp.
Witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana L.
Yaw root, Stillingia sylvatica L.
Yellow gentian, roots, Gentiana lutea L.
Yohimbe, Pausinystalia johimbe (K. Schum.) Pierre.
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
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[FR Doc. 2020-23874 Filed 11-5-20; 8:45 a.m.]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P