[Utah Minute Women, World War II, 1942-1945] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov] urn mute worn BOU» Wit II 1942-1945 TJtaL inule lÁ/om-en WORLD WAR II 1942—1945 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WAR PRODUCTION BOARD Conservation and Salvage Division PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA This book, like the efforts and works of the Utah Minute Women, is dedicated to the men and women of the United States Military Services. (Contents PREFACE ......................... ,......:...... 7 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 13 ORGANIZATIONS FOR SALVAGE............................ 15 Utah Men’s Salvage Division .................... - 15 Industrial Organizations............................. 15 Conserve Critical Resources Committee ----------------- 15 Organization Chart.....................................- 16 Utah Women’s Salvage Division ..................... 17 Utah Minute Women Organized.......................... 18 SALVAGE PROGRAMS .................................... 21 Scrap Iron and Steel ............................... 21 Rubber ................................-........-.... 21 Household Fats...................................... 22 Silk and Nylon Hosiery............................... 24 Tin .............................................. 25 Paper ......................................... -.. 26 Rags .................................... -....... 30 Old Clothing ........................................ 30 OTHER WAR PROGRAMS .......................... -..... 31 SPECIAL PROJECTS ................................ 33 TABULATION OF UTAH’S SALVAGE REPORTS.............-..-.. 36 STATE MINUTE WOMEN ORGANIZATIONS.................. 37-52 PUBLICITY AND PUBLIC RELATIONS....................... 53 IN APPRECIATION...................................... 56 CITATIONS AND AWARDS ............................ 63 CONCLUSION ............ -......... -.........-.... 64 5 The publication of this brochure was made possible by these patriotic companies who likewise contributed to the success of various salvage programs during World War II: Utah Oil Refining Company, Utah Copper Company, Rocky Mountain Packing Corporation, Tri-State Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages, Utah By-Products Company, Western Paper Products Company, J. A. Hogle and Company, Intermountain Theatres, Inc., Z. C. M. L, Deseret Book Company, Auerbach Company, South East Furniture Company, Smith-Faus Drug Company and the Western Junk Company of Ogden. 6 «7 ____/ HE leaders of the Utah Minute Women have received many inquiries regarding this organization and its outstanding achievements during the period of World War II; therefore, it was deemed advisable to make a compilation of the highlights of over three consecutive years of activity. This brochure will be presented to all Minute Women, and State, and National Salvage Leaders, at the close of the organization’s activities. Extra copies will be filed with the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., the Utah public libraries, Utah State Historical Society, Daughters of the Utah Pioneers, L. D. S. Historian’s Office, and State Office of Public Instruction. The gold-plated Distinguished Service Medals, presented to County Directors, City Chairwomen, and Committee members were made available by gifts from The Spafford Waste Paper Company, Utah By-Products Company, and Pepper’s Metal and Supply Company. Distinguished Service Certificates, distributed to 8000 Utah Minute Women, were presented by the State of Utah, signed by Governor Herbert B. Maw and the Great Seal of the State of Utah attested by Secretary of State E. E. Monson. War Production Board certificates, signed by J. C. Krug, head of the War Production Board, Washington, D.C., were awarded to salvage and civic leaders who had rendered meritorious services in behalf of the National Salvage Program. Sincere appreciation is expressed to the above sponsors, to Ralph E. Bristol, War Production Board district manager, to Marion J. Greenwood, State Salvage Chairman, to B. L. Wood, State Salvage Manager, and to all others who generously contributed toward making the wartime programs of the Utah Minute Women a success. Acknowledgment is made to the following individuals who have assisted in the editing of this booklet: B. L. Wood, John T. Wahlquist, Mrs. Austin Carter, Mrs. Elizabeth J. Moffitt, Mrs. Jeanette P. Garner, Mrs. L. A. Stevenson, Mrs. Walter A. Kerr, Miss Annette Perks, and Mrs. P. A. Naisbitt. We trust that all persons interested in information concerning the activities of the Utah Minute Women, will find satisfaction in the perusal of this booklet. Compiled and written by Mrs. John T. Wahlquist State Chairman, Utah Minute Women 1 MARION J. GREENWOOD State Salvage Chairman B. L. (Brick) WOOD State Salvage Director Conservation and Salvage Division War Production Board MRS. JOHN T. WAHLQUIST State Chairman, Utah Minute Women , Women s Unit, Conservation and Salvage Division War Production Board ^tate (Committee MRS. P. A. NAISBITT Committee Secretary 1942-1945 Mrs. Austin Carter Daughters of the Utah Pioneers 1942-1945 Mrs. Jeanette P. Garner Business and Professional Women’s Clubs 1942-1945 Mrs. H. C. McShane American Legion Auxiliary 1944-1945 10 Mrs. J. H. Peckenpaugh Utah Federation of Women’s Clubs 1942-1945 Mrs. L. K. Nicholson Utah Parent-Teacher Congress 1942-1945 Mrs. Frank Pingree L. D. S. Relief Society General Board 1942-1945 11 ^ntfodu-ction VJORLD WAR II ENDED! Germany laid down arms May 6, 1945. The surrender of the Japanese nation. August 14, 1945, came three years, eight months, and seven days after the “infamy” at Pearl Harbor plunged the United States into a two-front war that cost countless lives and billions of dollars. The end of the war with Japan came with startling and dramatic suddenness after the first Atomic bombs were dropped with terrific effect on the industrial cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. WORLD WAR II ended six years, less 17 days, after Germany precipitated it by marching into Poland. In terms of blood and treasure, the great conflict, the costliest in all history, has cost the United States more than 1,070,000 casualties and $300,000,000,000. The cost to the world was more than 55,000,000 casualties and a Trillion Dollars in money, materials, and resources. The Allied World that had waited long and sacrificed heavily for this victory gave thanks in many ways for the Day of Peace that had dawned across the world. We are justly proud of the part our Salvage Workers contributed to this great victory. In order to understand more fully how and why Volunteer Salvage Workers were an integral part of World War II, it is necessary to recall the status of the nation at the beginnng of 1942. The declaration of war, December 7, 1941, closed the trade lanes in the Pacific. With the Japanese occupational tentacles extending into the rich and productive islands of Malay, the East Indies, etc., sources for vital raw materials were shut off from the Allied Nations. Production for war was accelerated while limited stock piles rapidly diminished. In order to produce steel to be used in the manufacture of guns, tanks, planes, ships, and other implements of war, it was necessary to increase the flow of scrap iron. January, 1942, the first National Scrap Drive was directed throughout the schools of the nation. In June 1942 over forty steel mills were closed or running at limited capacity due to lack of scrap iron. Continuous drives were conducted in an attempt to allay the increasing shortages. Conservation of rubber was started with The President’s Rubber Drive in which surplus tires and articles made of rubber were collected from the American homes. 13 By the spring of 1942 the nation became aware of the need for fats and greases in the production of glycerine. An appeal was sent to housewives urging them to save all kitchen waste fats. Soon shortages in other materials which were needed in war production such as silk, nylon, tin, rags, bronze, copper, etc., became acute. Women Called into Salvage Program The Conservation and Salvage officials in Washington, D. C., decided in June 1942 that, inasmuch as most of the needed salvage materials came directly from the home or farm, women should be called into the salvage actvities. It was agreed that there was a tremendous educational job ahead convincing the American women that certain items must be saved. The National Chief of the Women’s Unit worked, from headquarters in Washington, D. C., with the State Chairwomen who had been appointed by Governors and State Salvage Officials. Directives were sent to each state with instructions to set-up an effective women’s organization with representatives from key organizations, County Directors, City Chairwomen, and representative committee members. In August 1942, a period of eight weeks was allowed to perfect an efficient educational system, reaching every home, namely, to select a woman leader on each block in every community in every state. This woman was to stand ready to disseminate the correct information on what was needed, why it was needed, how it should be saved and where it should be taken in order to be used in the war effort. Utah had the honor of being one of the first states completely organized within the scheduled time. Utah also carried the distinction of being the one state which retained its organization in every detail, with County Directors in every county, City Chairwomen in every community and 8000 Minute Women serving as block leaders, when the end of the war came. 14 Organization ^or Sawabe UTAH MEN’S SALVAGE DIVISION __N the spring of 1942, the most fateful year in the history of America, the Utah State Salvage Committee was formed. A representative assembly, called together by the Governor, met in the Governor’s board room at the Utah State Capitol. The critical status of industry’s conversion to war production was presented. With many of the nation’s steel mills closed, due to lack of scrap iron, it was agreed that through volunteers and community effort industry would be aided in the “production for war” program. The personnel of the Men’s State Salvage Committee was announced at this meeting. State-wide Scrap Iron and Rubber drives were launched. Consequently, every county and 250 communities in the state were organized with directors and city chairmen in the Men’s Salvage Division. INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS In order to more closely coordinate the activities of volunteer committees and industry, the War Production Board decided to organize branches of the salvage division to guide this work. For the development of salvage through industry, the Special Projects, Scrap Processors, and Industrial Salvage Branches were formed. The General Salvage Branch was established around which to build the framework of the public’s volunteer salvage programs. Later the Salvage Division became the Conservation and Salvage Division. CONSERVE CRITICAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE This special group of businessmen was organized throughout the state by the Men’s Salvage Committee to distribute promotional material and assist in the conservation of . paper, cartons, boxes, and other critical materials. 15 ORGANIZATION CHART 16 UTAH WOMEN’S SALVAGE DIVISION 32 County Directors 333 City Chairwomen 8000 Minute Women 5000 Paper Troopers Mrs. John T. Wahlquist State Chairman, Women’s Division Mrs. P. A. Naisbitt Committee Secretary Mrs. Austin Carter Daughters of the Utah Pioneers Mrs. Jeanette P. Garner Business and Professional Women Mrs. H. C. McShane American Legion Auxiliary Mrs. L. K. Nicholson Utah Parent-Teacher Congress Mrs. J. H. Peckenpaugh Utah Federation of Women’s Clubs Mrs. Frank Pingree L. D. S. Relief Society General Board and Other Churches MERICAN citizens patriotically answered the call to serve their country during the national crisis of World W^ar II. Millions served in uniforms, millions worked in war plants, and millions answered the clarion call to serve as volunteers in numerous wartime activities. Similar to women all over the nation, the Utah women responded quickly. Perhaps the greatest response was to our government’s call for salvage materials needed in the production of war equipment. In June, 1945, a state chairwoman for the Women’s Salvage Division was chosen by the Men’s State Salvage Committee and she became a member of that committee. She was advised to follow directions from Washington, D. C., and form an effective women’s salvage organization in the National Women’s Unit. With the assistance of leaders of the Men’s Division, the Women’s State Advisory Committee and the Chief of the. Women’s Unit, Washington, D. C., the organization was quickly perfected. The State Chairwoman served on a volunteer basis for the first ten months when, due to the amount of travel involved in coordinating programs for such an extensive organization, the regional office of W. P. B. at Denver, Colorado, granted a CAF-3 Rating with travel authorization. She traveled over 75,000 miles on official salvage work during the three and one-half years. 17 An office, with secretarial assistance, was provided in the Atlas Building in Salt Lake City. From this headquarters the Minute Women Organization was established and directed for three years and three months. Over one quarter of a million letters were mailed, more than a million pieces of educational material dispersed, hundreds of meetings were held to familiarize women with the need for materials only salvage could provide. Hundreds of contacts were made with civic, industrial, and social leaders to coordinate and facilitate salvage programs. Hundreds of Minute Women gave thousands of hours of assistance in compiling, addressing, and mailing materials from the State Salvage Office. The State Advisory Committee was organized in June 1942. Six State Women’s organizations were represented in this membership. These women were “subject to call,” and attended many meetings upon short notice. They channeled salvage information through their various organizations, attended many meetings, headed committees on special projects and assisted in the coordination of salvage programs. UTAH MINUTE WOMEN ORGANIZED Upon the receipt of the directive, from Washington, D. C., stressing the urgency of organizing Women in Salvage, and under the direction of the State Women’s Committee the following letter was sent to Salvage Chairmen or municipal leaders in Utah: WAR PRODUCTION BOARD 201-1 % Utah Oil Building Salt Lake City, Utah July 9, 1942 Dear Sir: It has been requested from Washington, D. C., that we set up a Women’s Division for the “Salvage for Victory” Program. I am asking you to write on the back of this letter, and enclose in the addressed envelope and mail back to us, the first and second choices of women in your town to head up this division. Bear in mind that when you are considering such women for this appointment consider the following requirements: She should be well known in the community, energetic, and be able to get along with people. She should have good organizing ability so that she can solicit the help of all women folk in your community and get them working. Please cooperate with us and return this immediately so that we can make the appointments from this office. I want to thank you for the splendid work you have done and encourage you to continue with renewed effort because we must win the war. Kindest regards, B. L. WOOD, Executive Secretary for Utah 18 Replies to the foregoing letter were received by return mail, and with the assistance of the representative Women’s State Advisory Committee, selections were made from the two names submitted. Letters of appointment were sent to women in twenty-nine Utah counties. Later, Davis, Millard, and Washington counties were divided and three more directors appointed. County Directors with the assistance of City Chairmen, Men’s Division, selected City Chairwomen, using the same criteria used in the selection of County Directors. The secret of the continuous success of the women’s salvage organization has been attributed to the fact that the local chairman carefully selected the local chairwoman, thereby making a congenial working team. In almost every instance the selection was made without her knowledge. Following the letter of appointment, the City Chairwoman immediately chose representative committees who in turn assisted in the selection of the Minute Women who were to serve as block leaders. Thousands of women were called to be Minute Women within the period of a few days. Letters and telegrams were sent from Washington, D. C., urging the organizing of the Women’s Division as a national contest. “Which state could organize first with a woman on every block?’’ Utah women decided they could organize first . . . and they did! The Minute Woman letter of appointment reads as follows: WAR PRODUCTION BOARD SALVAGE DIVISION GENERAL SALVAGE BRANCH 413.41« ATLAS BUILDING SALT LAKE CITY 1. UTAH Dear Woman of America: You have been called, by the United. States Government through the General Salvage Division of the War Production Board to participate on the Women's Salvage Committee, which is the most important activity on the home front. You will be known as Minute Women of the Volunteer Salvage Corps, and your responsibility will be to see that every home within the area assigned you is continuously contacted for the purpose of recovering all of the salvage material needed to produce war equipment and machinery. You will stand ever ready on the homefront to answer any emergency call which is vital to the winning of the war, There is nothing more important than this work at the present time, and we ask that you arrange your time so that you can contribute to this mighty war effort and help quicken the time when we can have our boys from the many fronts return home and again resume peace time operations. The work you will do might be the means of saving the lives of your own boys or your immédiate family or friends. Literature will be given to you, either by mail or in meetings and you will convey the message to the people in your block, We welcome you into the ever-increasing Minute Women Organization, In case you find it physically Impossible for you to accept this call to Serve your government on the home front, please select a capable woman on your block and contact your Area Director* Yours for Victory, State Chairman 19 This large organization of women served as volunteer workers for more than three years. During that time no one solicited membership in the organization. Each member was selected and given an official letter of appointment. Along with letters of appointment. Minute Women were given Minute Women Window Stickers and Credential Cards which were used for identification purposes. Minute Woman Window Sticker (Reduced one-half size) The woman who was selected as a leader on her block was called a ’‘Minute Woman” because she stood ready to disseminate information in her area and carry forward a war job any time she was notified. She carried the responsibility of an educational program on continuous salvage activities and the frequent introduction of new programs and special projects and campaigns. Numerous times the Minute Woman responded to call on a “minute’s” notice. She never lost sight of the significant role of salvage in war production, and the constant demands of the battlefields were her statistics; however, she directed and assisted in many other war programs. Minute Woman Credential Card (Actual size) 20 ^atuaqe j^foqfami CONSERVATION of materials needed in production for war started in the summer of 1941 when silk was “frozen.” When nylon was discovered to be more effective, in most instances, than silk, it, likewise, was removed from the civilian market. As production for war increased, controls on other vital materials became imperative. SCRAP IRON AND STEEL Under the direction of B. L. Wood, State Executive Secretary, later State Salvage Manager, and Marion J. Greenwood, State Salvage Chairman, the drives in Utah for scrap iron went over all quotas established by officials in Washington, D. C. As a result of the cooperation of newspapers, radios, schools, industry, and the response of citizens, inventories kept ahead of production so that by 1944 national drives for scrap iron were discontinued. However, industry continued to furnish the scrap iron needed in the steel mills. RUBBER A National Scrap Rubber Campaign was conducted in the Spring of 1942. The situation became acute when most of America’s sources for raw rubber were in the possession of the enemy. Scrap rubber which was used in combination with synthetic materials extended the rubber inventories. The Petroleum Industry sponsored this drive which made synthetic rubber possible many months before it was anticipated. 21 HOUSEHOLD FATS The collection of waste fats and greases (later called Household Fats), was the first project the Utah Minute Women were asked to direct as an organiza RUSH EACH CANFUL TO YOUR MEAT DEALER tion. In order to secure glycerine necessary in the manufacture of explosives, the American Fat Salvage Industry sponsored, in connection with the Salvage Division W.P.B., one of the best organized salvage programs. Millions of dollars were spent in continuous promotional and educational activities. It was necessary to educate American housewives on the industrial uses of household fats and then constantly remind them to save a tablespoonful a day. The salvaged fats were then taken to the butcher shop. Many community chairwomen assisted the butcher in the preparation of fats for shipping. A ceiling price was established for household fats which allowed four , cents a pound to be paid to housewives. As the fat situation became more critical the Office of Price Administration aided the program by permitting the exchange of two red meat ration points a pound in addition to the four cents. October 1, 1945, four red points a pound were given. This was the only war program in which O.P.A. granted an exchange of ration points for a vital war material. Before the end of the war, through American research and efficient la,bora-, tory technicians, hundreds of articles essential to the war effort were manufactured from by-products of fats and oils. There was an increase in uses for explosives, military medicines, military supplies and numerous industrial purposes. Utah’s Fat Salvage Record Outstanding The Minute Women of Utah did an excellent job on the Fat Salvage Program. In 1942, following the organization of the Minute Women, Utah rose to fifth place in the nation on fat collections on a per capita basis. 22 FATS FOR VICTORY In 1943 Utah held first place in the United States on pounds of fat collected from each occupied dwelling during July, August, and November, and second place during June and September; Utah exceeded its monthly quota of 80,500 pounds three months in 1943: May with 103.3% (third place in nation), June 106.8% (third place in nation). Utah also placed third place in July with 95.4% of its assigned quota. Utah was one of six states to retain the assigned quota in 1943 on three different occasions. During the first six months of 1944 Utah consistently went over the fat salvage quota. The aggregate for the twelve-month period reached the quota for the year. In 1945 no state quotas were established in Washington, D. C. The War Food Administration assumed the leadership in the Fat Salvage Program with the Salvage Committee, W\P.B., cooperating wherever possible. In Utah the Minute W'omen carried forward the Fat Salvage. Program as they had done in the past with the War Food Administration and other agencies cooperating. Deer and Elk Fat Project The State Department of Fish and Game, in cooperation with the Utah Minute Women, promoted a program to obtain the deer fats each fall during deer season. For three years, 1942, 1943 and 1944, receptacles were placed at checking stations. Hunters left deer fats in containers and local salvage committees supervised rendering and shipping to Fat Salvage Industry. Pearl Harbor Fats Collection A test speed program was initiated for December 7, 1942. The* purpose was to increase fat collections and test the rapidity with which the newly formed Minute Women Organization could respond. The following appeal was received by City Chairwomen about two days prior to December 7: 23 “To commemorate one year of our boy’s fighting on battle fronts all over the world, we are asking every housewife to turn into the butcher shop all the fat drippings that she has in her house that she can spare that day. Minute Women are to make arrangements with children or women on their blocks, and have them make official collections that day. Money from fats should be turned over to the Red Cross, U. S. O., or the Army or Navy Relief.” The results were praiseworthy. Utah immediately climbed to fifth place in the nation on fat collections. SILK AND NYLON HOSIERY Silk and nylon hosiery formed an important part of the salvage program during 1942-43. Silk became a vital war material used in the making of powder bags, nylon went to war in parachutes, flares, and numerous other articles. Following collections, the two desired products were separated in a chemical bath which turned nylon one color, silk another, and distinguished both from cotton and rayon. Silk was chopped up and respun to raw silk. From this a strong yarn was spun and powder bag cloth woven. Approximately fifteen pairs of hose were needed for the average powder bag, thirty to eighty-five pairs for the larger. Only silk could be used for powder bags because every raveling had to burn with the speed of explosion, leaving no burning fragments which might have ignited the next bag of powder when the gun was reloaded. Nylon was returned to its basic formula and was rewoven into cloth. It became increasingly important in the manufacture of numerous military articles. Receptacles were placed in all dry goods and department stores, usually at the hosiery counter. Boxed hosiery was shipped to the John J. Ryan Company, Green Island, New York. May 22, 1943, was designated as Silk and Nylon Hosiery Day in Utah. Theatres throughout the state cooperated by giving picture shows on or near that date*. The admission charge was five or more pairs of hosiery containing silk or nylon. The Silk and Nylon Hosiery program terminated November 30, 1943. 24 1. Wash cans thoroughly after emptying contents. Remove paper labels. (Labels usually come off anyway in flattening process.) 2. Open cans, bottoms as well as tops. Tuck in tops and bottoms. 3. Flatten cans by stepping on them. Leave enough space between flattened sides to see through them. Do not hammer them. TIN The Tin Can Salvage Program was intensified as the tin inventories diminished. Before the war, Sumatra, the Malayan Peninsula, and the Dutch East Indies provided 90% of our tin supply. The remainder came from Alaska and Bolivia. Tin became a vital material because of its protective and preservative qualities. A most appealing promotional story, which helped to salvage millions of cans, was derived from the fact that the tin from two tin cans was sufficient to make the tiny, life saving, morphine filled “syrette.” Wounded servicemen related dramatic experiences which energized the program. Utah’s Tin Can Salvage was started in Ogden and Salt Lake City in 1943 with collections at the schools. Many people had followed the instructions and saved tin cans months prior to the first collection. In May, 1944, with the summer vacation ahead, the collection plan was changed to housewives taking prepared tin cans to the grocery stores. Beverage and grocery trucks cooperated in moving cans to the tin-can depots. This pattern of collection was extended to most communities of the state. Motor transportation lines as well as the above companies hauled cans gratis from long distances to shipping points—Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake City. Railroad rates were reduced in order to make possible the shipping of cans to Metal and Thermit Detinning Plant in South San Francisco. The last five months of the Tin-Can Program, ideal collections were established in Salt Lake City and Salt Lake County. Prepared tin cans were picked up by city and county trucks from each home on the regular garbage collection day. The Salt Lake City Commission passed a City Ordinance March 19, 1943, making it unlawful for tin cans to be put out with garbage. The Tin Can Program closed in Utah September 30, 1945, after a successful campaign. 25 NEWSPAPERS: Fold them flat (the way the paper boy sells them) and tie them in bundles about 12 inches high. MAGAZINES AND BOOKS: Tie them in bundles about 18 incheshigh. CORRUGATED AND CARDBOARD BOXES AND CARTONS: Flatten them out and tie them in,bundles about 12 inches high. WASTEBASKET PAPER (WRAPPERS» ENVELOPES, ETC.): Flatten and pack down in a box or bundle, so that it can be carried. PAPER Waste paper went to war! It served as a source from which millions of containers were manufactured. Practically everything the war program needed required packing—shells, food, medicines, clothing, maps, and numerous other articles. Paper was utilized in thousands of different ways. In order to meet acute shortages that developed in the paperboard industry, due primarily to the curtailment of wood pulp imports from foreign countries and war demands for paperboard containers, a waste paper conservation program was launched in September 1941. Within a short time the markets were glutted. Railroad lines were loaded with war equipment and with servicemen moving to training camps and to the theatres of war. The paper program was temporarily suspended. Salvage committees introduced paper drives in the fall of 1943. Continuous paper collections were conducted in every community in the state of Utah. As a result of the cooperation of the people, trucking lines, schools, civic, and community leaders, Salvage Committees and Minute Women, the campaigns for waste paper were successful. In order to facilitate the reconversion program in the paper industry, after the closing of the State Salvage Office September 30, 1945, the State chairman of the Women’s Salvage Division, continued as a volunteer to coordinate paper drives in Salt Lake City, Ogden, and Provo. Paper collections were continued in these communities under the direction of the leaders of the Minute Women. The Utah County Director, Men’s Division, continued to supervise collections in that area. 26 Paper Troopers Utah Minute Women organized over 5000 children into Paper Trooper groups throughout the state. The General Salvage Branch of the War Production Board, acting in cooperation with the United States Office of Education, the National Education Association, the American Publishers Association and the Conservation Committee of the Waste Paper consuming Industries planned the Paper Trooper Campaign to energize waste paper saving and collecting in rural as well as urban centers. Children became officially a part of the War Production Board with colorful P. T. emblems. At the close of the program, thousands of children were given citation for meritorious work and were awarded Distinguished Service Badges, Battle Campaign Bars, and Certificates of Merit. Apartment Houses Organized for Salvage In order to increase the collections of paper in Salt Lake City, Minute Women were appointed in each apartment. These women were given official letters of appointment and worked officially with apartment residents and the caretakers to make sure all salvagable materials went into the war effort. Weekly collections were made by special trucks. This program was conducted independently of the periodic citywide collections conducted by the Minute Women. Postal Rural Delivery Collects Paper Rural mail delivery carriers responded to a national program whereby salvage messages were delivered to families on the route. The rural postman conveyed paper to central shipping depots. Truth and Consequences Paper Contest The Truth and Consequences National Paper Contest was conducted in December, 1943, to spur the collections of waste paper and avert the closing of paper mills. The radio program, Truth and Consequences, was broadcast from 27 the school collecting the most paper per capita. Millions of pounds of paper were collected over the nation as a result of this campaign. A small school in the Middle West was the winner. The Ogden High School was the recipient of a certificate, signed by Donald M. Nelson, W.P.B., in recognition for the record they obtained in their paper collection. The Ogden Minute Women cooperated with the students in the house-to-house pickup of paper. Paper Holiday The State Salvage manager, at the request of salvage officials in Washington, D. C., organized the larger communities in the state and declared certain days as PAPER HOLIDAYS. On these days only perishable articles were to be wrapped or put in bags. Customers were advised to carry shopping bags and save all paper containers. This program served as a means of making the public aware of the paper shortage. Furthermore, grocery men pointed with pride to the bags and paper boxes that patriotic housewives returned to their stores in response to Paper Holiday pleas. Girl Scout Waste Paper Campaign During the war, the War Service Program outlined by the Girl Scout ex-exutives really functioned in the Salvage Programs. Girl Scout troops wherever organized, aided in all salvage activities. They assisted in the National Girl Scout Paper Drive in the Fall of 1944 as well as made regular house-to-house collections of household fats. Eisenhower-Boy Scout Paper Drice During the period between March 1, 1945, to April 30, 1945, a National paper drive was conducted with the assistance of the Boy Scouts. Boy Scouts collecting 1000 pounds or more of waste paper received an Eisenhower medal. Thousands of medals were distributed to Boy Scouts throughout the State of Utah and the United States. 28 Paper Doll Queen To stimulate the collection of paper for the war effort, many schools conducted Paper Doll Queen contests. A Paper Doll Queen was chosen from the student body to rule over the school dance. A pound of paper entitled the doner to vote for the queen. Considerable interest was aroused with this activity and tons of paper were shipped as a result of it. Double W Paper Program During the summer of 1945 the paper inventories continued to decrease and.the demands for paper increased due to accelerated war activity. To stimulate a new interest in paper drives a National W paper Campaign was launched. V for Victory—V for Veterans. Proceeds from the sale of the paper were to be used in some project for Veterans in Hospitals. Utah’s VV Paper Project was new books for Bushnell General Hospital library at Brigham City, Utah. During July, 1945, a concentrated drive to produce paper was carried forward in Cache, Boxelder, Utah, Grand, Tooele, South Davis, Salt Lake, Iron, and Washington Counties. About 400 tons of paper were collected in one week. Victory Paper Drive Preceding the closing of the State Salvage Office a statewide Victory Paper Drive was conducted. Communities were given an opportunity to move all waste paper which had been saved. The returns were gratifying. Final reports revealed that a thorough clean-up job had been done in clearing old papers and magazines from Utah homes. 29 RAGS Rag Collections were conducted in the state along with other materials needed in war production. Rags were used for wipers and building materials. 52% of the wipers automatically went to the armed services and 48% to war plants. Some of the wiping rags,collected in Utah were used in local industries. Other rags collected were shipped to the east and west coasts to be used in industry and the manufacturing of roof and floor coverings fox government projects. OLD CLOTHING Prior to the invasion of Europe an emergency Discarded Clothing Program was conducted through the National Salvage Office. The clothing collected was used in liberated countries and for domestic relief. In order to comply with shipping rules, all discarded clothing had to be dry cleaned and sorted into over thirty-five different classifications. The response in Utah during December 1943, the busiest time of the year, was praiseworthy. The effectiveness of the Minute Women Organization was demonstrated in this drive because it was conducted at the time the Tribune-Telegram employees were on strike. By direct letters to the Minute Women and Church leaders throughout the state the campaign went forward. The Dry Cleaning establishments in the state did a magnificent job working overtime and on Sundays in order to clean all the used clothing collected in the drive. Eighty-three thousand, eight hundred and ten pounds of cleaned, classified, and boxed clothing were shipped from the State of Utah. The efficiency of the well-organized Minute Women was a definite factor in the success of this war program. 30 Other W/ar ¡^roqramô CZ^^URING more than three years of activity the Minute Women cooperated in many war programs other than salvage. When making calls on the block, surveys were conducted and vital messages pertaining to the war effort were delivered. Following are a few of the additional programs: Collection of Milk and Beverage Bottles—The Salt Lake Minute Women assisted the Milk Industry and the Beverage companies in drives to recover bottles. Housewives returned thousands of bottles, which helped to meet the critical shortage. Fur Collection—One fur collection was conducted in Salt Lake City. Fur was reprocessed and used to line sea jackets. Rubber Footwear Exchange—Utah Minute Women co-operated with the O.P.A. in setting up exchange rubber footwear centers in schools. Parent-Teacher Association officials did a splendid job in assisting in the maintenance of this department as long as the emergency of rubber footwear lasted. Outgrown footwear was passed on to children needing them. Staggering Shopping Hours — During the critical transportation period, when thousands of war workers were attempting to get to work despite gasoline and rubber shortages, the Minute Women took messages to every home in Salt Lake City, urging shoppers to avoid rush hours..„ Later, the opening and closing of store hours were changed in order to relieve this situation. Scrap Metal, Bronze, and Copper—Messages were taken to homes by Minute Women regarding the special drives for these materials. Meat Rationing—Prior to the meat rationing program, a statewide campaign was conducted to acquaint the housewife with the procedures. The Minute Women helped to get this literature to the homes. Red Cross Nutrition Courses—Many times the Minute Women relayed messages regarding nutrition courses. Share the Ride Campaign—When the Office of Civilian Defense promoted the Share-the-Ride Program the Minute Women carried the message to the homes. 31 Rationing Volunteers—When sugar and meat rationing books were issued there was a dearth of volunteer help. In one day over 400 Minute Women responded to a “Calling all Minute Women” ad in the newspapers. They met in the Tribune-Telegram Auditorium and were assigned to schools. The public schools did an outstanding job in the issuing of ration books. Surveys—Living accommodations for girls and women coming into Salt Lake City were secured by Minute Women through a citywide survey. Hundreds of rooms were found and made available. Homes for defense workers were likewise secured following surveys conducted by Minute Women. A survey for Day Care for Children of Working Mothers was conducted by the Minute Women with the Salt Lake Department of Welfare directing the work. Three or four surveys on employment of women were conducted for the War Manpower Commission and the United States Employment Service. Many new workers were recruited and emergency labor shortages abated. A survey was conducted in August, 1944, for the army, navy, office of Civilian defense and United States Employment Service to ascertain the number of potential recruits available for enlistment in the WACS or WAVES or work in war plants. Volunteer Recruitments for the Office of Civilian Defense were urged in messages sent to Minute Women. Shut Up Campaign—Instigated by Office of Civilian Defense to combat rumors regarding war activities, Minute Women took campaign messages to each home. Vital Information pertaining to wartime activities was disseminated by the Minute Women for the Office of War Information. Bond Drives—Minute Women assisted wherever possible with all Bond drives. 32 Special jS^oiectó Jewelry Collection ^^ARRINGS, glittering brooches and beads, for barter by LI. S. soldiers with South Sea natives, were collected in a statewide drive by Utah Minute Women, September, 1943. Women’s Clubs in the State backed the Minute Women on this drive. The response was gratifying when 2500 pounds of jewelry was sent to the Pacific through the Fort Douglas shipping center. The jewelry reached the Pacific as evidenced by the following letter received by the mother of Major Brigham Julian Bergstrom: ‘An amazing thing happened yesterday. . . . All units were given a box of trinkets and jewelry to improve and help our relations with any native we may come in contact with, and down in the bottom of my unit’s box was this: (piece of paper containing names of Utah State Jewelry Drive Committee.) It’s a small world after all, isn’t it? “I thought I’d send it on and you could call up Mrs. Nicholson or some of the other patrons you know and have a chat about it. “The articles made me very homesick and I thought I recognized several of them. "I probably have actually seen some of them worn by women I know ...” Tin Can Contest January 29 to March 2, 1945, a statewide Tin Can Contest was conducted through the schools by the Utah Minute Women. One $100 War Bond and two $50 War Bonds were presented to schools collecting greatest number of cans per capita. The participation and results were gratifying. Modena school won first place, Spanish Fork Elementary School, second place, and Harriman Elementary School, third place. 33 Bushnell Tree Project The Salt Lake Minute Women under the direction of Mrs. Ls A. Stevenson, chairman, presented to Bushnell Hospital over 150 fruit trees. The gift was made when Col. Robert M. Hardaway, Commanding Officer, Medical Corps, indicated that he would like to see fruit trees planted between the wards so that the 3000 patients could enjoy the flowers and fruits. An out-door Tree Dedication Program was held at Bushnell Hospital, Brigham City, Utah, May 29, 1945 at 2:00 p.m. Over 700 were in attendance. Mrs. John T. Wahlquist State Chairman, Utah Minute Women, presided. Mrs. L. A. Stevenson presented the trees in behalf of the Salt Lake Minute Women. The following guests were present: Marion J. Greenwood, Utah State Salvage Chairman, B. L. Wood, State Salvage Manager, Mayor Earl J. Glade, and many committee members. The Reverend Floyd W. Barr gave the dedicatory prayer. Four busloads of Salt Lake Minute Women made the trip and toured the hospital following the program. Bushnell—Bob Hope—Bing Crosby Golf Project Ralph E. Bristol and a group of Salt Lake Businessmen, Welby Emms, John Lang, Morris Warshaw, Sid Lockhart, L. S. Skaggs, and A. E. Christensen with B. L. Wood as secretary, organized the Bushnell Golf Project. The Bob Hope-Bing Crosby shows were planned to raise money to build a golf course at Bushnell General Hospital in Brigham City. The Minute Women were brought into this program when, under the direction of Mrs. John T. Wahlquist, thirty-three chairwomen and committee members in Salt Lake City, Ogden, Logan, Brigham City, South Davis, and Provo responded to the invitation to each sell 500 tickets to the Bob Hope-Bing Crosby show at the University of Utah Stadium, June 17, 1945. These women sold $23,000.00 worth of tickets. They were special guests at the dinner at the Hotel Utah, where: they were presented beautiful certificates autographed by Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, Col. Robert M. Hardaway and Welby Emms. All funds were handled and audited by Tracy-Collins Trust Company. A total of $35,000, less expenses was raised in three events—golf tournament, dinner and stadium show. 34 V V Bushnell Book Project Book Plate V for Victory — V for Veterans. Through the cooperation of the Utah Minute Women and the Salt Lake Tribune-Telegram a successful VV Paper Program was conducted during. July, 1945. The proceeds from the sale of the paper collected netted $2599.25. This money was used to purchase more than 2000 new books for the Service Men who were patients at Bushnell General Hospital. The books were added to the Bushnell library. A purchasing committee, consisting of representatives from communities where drives were conducted, aided in the selection of the books. The Bushnell Librarian and a G. I. representing men at Bushnell, supervised purchases. Formal presentation of books by Mrs. John T. Wahlquist, State Chairman, Utah Minute Women, was made September 12, 1945, at 7:00 p.m., at Bushnell Hospital, Brigham City, Utah. An appropriate presentation program was held with about 500 hospital patients in attendance. John W. Gallivan, representing the Salt Lake Tribune-Telegram acted as master of ceremony. Representatives were present from all communities participating in the project. The Salt Lake Minute Women chartered buses to enable forty-eight boys from five Salt Lake Boys’ Clubs to attend the program. These boys assisted in the loading of the paper in the VV Paper Drive. All visitors in attendance were served dinner at the hospital and prior to the program toured the various wards. Collapsible Tin Tubes Utah Minute Women conducted a Tin Tube Round Up Campaign to get in all tin tubes before the closing of the program. Collections were made through the drugstores with a Tube for a Tube Program. Mr. Fred A. Jack of the Smith-Faus Drug Company supervised the shipping of 12,037 pounds from the state. 35 a l aia tion oí Utah J S ahuate deportó All salvage programs were conducted under the direction of the Men’s Salvage Division. However, as the war continued and manpower became critical, Minute Women were assigned many salvage programs—collections and shipping as well as direction of campaigns and disseminating of educational information concerning salvage programs. Minute Women followed through on collections of household fats, tin cans, rags, old clothing, silk and nylon hosiery, as well as waste paper starting in 1944-45. The following report shows, on a yearly basis, the results of the salvage activities in Utah:. 1942 1943 1944 1945 (8 mos.) Total Materials Collected in all four years: Scrap Iron & Steel 84,000,000 lbs. 84,499,929 lbs. 48,966,344 lbs. 24,542,700 lbs. 242,008,973 lbs. Non-ferrous Metals 2,200,000 lbs. 2,257,955 lbs. 5,028,199 lbs. 3,324,000 lbs. 12,810,154 lbs. Waste Paper 7,560,000 lbs. 666,194 lbs. 20,328,000 lbs. 18,024,000 lbs. 46,578,194 lbs. Tin Cans . 268,000 lbs. 2,085,895 lbs. 2,707,091 lbs. 1,497,000 lbs. 6,557,968 lbs. Household Pats 114,836 lbs. 714,193 lbs. 865,130 lbs. 568,379 lbs. 2,262,538 lbs. 13,064,000 lbs. 40,451 lbs. 13,104,451 lbs. Rags 79,247 lbs. 87,095 lbs. 36,000 lbs. 202,342 lbs. Old Clothing 83,310 lbs. 83,310 lbs. Jewelry 2,500 lbs. 2,500 lbs. Silk and Nylon Hosiery 19,527 lbs. 19,527 lbs. Collapsible Tin Tubes . 12,037 lbs. - 12,037 lbs. 36 State l^inate WJomen Organizations •—LL counties in Utah participated in all salvage programs despite distances from railroads. Space does not permit a detailed report of each campaign, or of each noteworthy result as it occurred or of a recital of accomplishments of those thousands of individuals who made the results possible. Of the original County Directors, Women’s Division, and City Chairwomen, most of them were still on the job at the close of the program. The few replacements made were necessitated by illness, and the position relinquished only upon recommendation of physician, or their moving from the community. The following pages carry the names of these county and city leaders through whose untiring loyalty over fifty million hours of service were rendered on behalf of the war effort. These women carried a full time job on a volunteer basis. Under their direction the Minute Women were given an unlimited opportunity to serve in one of the most effective wartime women’s organizations. BEAVER COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Rudolph Nielsen—Milford Beaver—Mrs. Mary F. Goodwin Milford—Mrs. Evalyne Whistler South Milford—Mrs. Bernice Smith Adamsville—Mrs. Hazel Eyre Sulphurdale—Mrs. Hazel Peterson Minersville—Mrs. Effie Marshall Greenville—Mrs. Nell Blackner Manderfield—Mrs. Lydia Robinson MRS. F. C. GEPHART 1943-1945 Tremonton Chairwoman, 1942-1943 MRS. HAZEL SCHAFFER 1942-1943 MRS. RUDOLPH NIELSEN 1942-1945 BOX ELDER COUNTY County Director: Mrs. F. C. Gephart—Tremonton Brigham City—Mrs. L. A. Richardson Tremonton—Mrs. J. G. Burgess Honeyville—Mrs. Alton Hunsaker Mantua—Mrs. Rose Goulding Fielding—Mrs. Frank Durfey Plymouth—Mrs. Leo Lamb Yost—Mrs. Eva Montgomery Park Valley—Mrs. Emma Carter Portage—Mrs. Ora Hoskins Garland—Mrs. Marvin L. Nielson Bear River City—Mrs. Myrl Jenson Corinne—Mrs. L. G. Anderson Bothwell & Thatcher—-Mrs. Eli Anderson Mrs. Melvin Christensen (Co-chairman) Deweyville—Mrs. Pearl Perry Howell—Mrs. Verda Nessen Snowville—Mrs. Alma Larkin 37 MRS. CLARK E. HASKINS 1943-1945 Logan Chairwoman 1942 MRS. D. A. BURGOYNE 1942 CACHE COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Clark E. Haskins—Logan Logan—Mrs. Lyman H. Rich Cove—Mrs. Arvilla Richards Hyrum—Mrs. E. J. Wilson, Jr., Mrs. Ada Nielsen—Mrs. Sarah Allen Trenton—Mrs. Lona Holt Smithfield—Mrs. Alta Allen and Mrs. Loren Low Newton—Hazel Rigby Mendon-—Mrs. Theo Larsen Paradise—Mrs. Esther B. Shaw Lewiston—Mrs. George S. Pond Wellsville—Mrs. Luther Murray Richmond—Mrs. LaVerne S. Robinson Providence—Mrs. Lillian Fuhriman Amalga—Mrs. L. J. Petty Hyde Park—Mrs. Preston Lee Nibley—Mrs. Margaret Swenson College Ward—Mrs. Wilford Albiston Cornish—Mrs. Melvin Buttars North Logan—Mrs. Susie Hancey Clarkston—Mrs. Ellen Clark River Heights—Mrs. Frank D. Thatcher Millville—Mrs. Elmer Humphreys Benson—Mrs. R. L. Ballard Young—Mrs. Marian N. Olsen MRS. GEORGE M. MILLER 1943-1945 MRS. HENRY RUGGERI 1942 CARBON COUNTY County Director: Mrs. George M. Miller—Price Price-—Mrs. Jack Dooley Helper—Mrs. Fred W. Voll Co-chairman Mrs. Fred W. Voll Castle Dale—Mrs. Marie Gilbert Sunnyside and Columbia—Mrs. Leona Peacock Wellington—Mrs. Katie Lidell Sunnydale—Mrs. W. C. Walker Kenilworth—Mrs. Gerald Morgan Draggerton—Mrs. Karl Jameson Wattis—Mrs. J. W. Hillibrant Columbia—Mrs. Dave Crawford DAGGETT COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Paul Williams—Linwood. Manila—Mrs. Eunice Ellison, Mrs. Ruth Larsen Linwood—Mrs. Frances Smith MRS. PAUL WILLIAMS 1942-1945 38 MRS. LORENZO RICHARDS 1942-1945 DAVIS COUNTY (SOUTH) County Director: Mrs. Lorenzo Richards—Bountiful Bountiful—Mrs. G. S. Diumenti Farming ton—Mrs. E. A. Wood and Mrs. Marie Dumke Centerville—Mrs. F. Wallace Walton Woods Cross—Mrs. Dewey Swanger North Salt Lake—Mrs. L. A. Williams DAVIS COUNTY (NORTH) County Director: Mrs. Delbert Wilcox—Layton R. F. D. Kaysville—Mrs. Ione Sandall Layton—Mrs. Clarence Bone Clearfield—Mrs. Virgil Hodgson Syracuse—Mrs. Zena Bennett Sunset—Mrs. LeRoy Smith Clinton—Mrs. J. J. Johnston West Point—Etta Dahl South Weber—Mrs. Joseph Staples MRS. DELBERT WILCOX 1942-1945 DUCHESNE COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Rulon Larson—Duchesne Roosevelt—Mrs. Tina Wilkins Myton—Mrs. Emery Nielson Duchesne—Mrs. Leona Cole Bridgeland—Mrs. L. A. Swasey Neola—Mrs. Ruth B. Jensen Hanna—Mrs. La Vera Moon Tabionia—Mrs. Hazel Clark Altonah—Mrs. Ida Conklin Mt. Home—Mrs. Fem Brandon Arcadia—Mrs. Rose Gilbert Mt. Emmons—Mrs. Zella Rust Boneta—Mrs. Madelene Dastrup MRS. RULON LARSON 1942-1945 39 EMERY COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Jesse M. Conover—-Ferron Ferron—Mrs. Ethel Jensen Molen—Mrs. Lucy Neilson Clawson—Mrs. Calvin Jensen Orangeville—Leona Moffit Castle Dale—Mrs. George Magnuson Cleveland and Elmo—Mrs. Emmeline King Greenriver—Mrs. Andy Moore Moore—Mrs. Travis Olsen Huntington—Mrs. Myron E. Grange Emery—Mrs. Rose Brodwick MRS. JESSE M. CONOVER 1942-1945 GARFIELD COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Will R. Barker—Escalante Panguitch—Mrs. Fay N. Lynn Escalante—Mrs. Evelyn Lay Cannonville—Mrs. Bertha Clark Henrieville—Mrs. Zella Willis Antimony—Mrs. Glen Crabb Tropic—Mrs. Charles Wintch Boulder—Mrs. Gertrude Ormond Mossman MRS. WILL R. BARKER 1942-1945 GRAND COUNTY County Director: Mrs. J. W. Corbin—Moab Moab—Mrs. Jack Pogue Thompson—Mrs. Virginia Grower Cisco—Mrs. Lee Carbajal Sego—Mrs. N. E. Wolverton Westwater and Harley Dome —Mrs. Emmitt Elizonda Elgin—Mrs. Margie Howland MRS. J. W. CORBIN 1942-1945 40 IRON COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Parson U. Webster—Cedar City Parowan—Mrs. Jean H. Hendrickson Cedar City—-Mrs. Mae Shay Paragonah—Mrs. Leona J. Stones Kanarraville—Mrs. Francis Williams Enoch—Mrs. Grace Smith New Castle—Mrs. Earl Clark New Harmony—Mrs. Orson Hammond (Washington County) Summit—Mrs. Violet Hulet MRS. PARSON U. WEBSTER 1942-1945 JUAB COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Ed. V. Downs—Nephi Nephi—Mrs. Ed. V. Downs Silver City—Mrs. Leo Green Eureka—Mrs. Thelma Griggs Mammoth—Mrs. Carol Larsen Levan—Miss Vinnie Christensen Co-chairman, Mrs. Foy Mortenson Mona—Mrs. Sadie Kay MRS. ED.V. DOWNS 1942-1945 KANE COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Lester F. Little—Kanab Kanab—Mrs. Frank Gowan Orderville—Mrs. Feri Blackburn Glendale—Mrs. Malcom Robinson Alton—Mrs. Beth Roundy MRS. LESTER F. LITTLE 1942-1945 41 MRS. SHERMAN LITTLE 1942-1945 MILLARD COUNTY (WEST) County Director: Mrs. Sherman Little—Delta Delta—Mrs. Sherman Little Oasis—Mrs. Marcus Skeem Hinckley—Mrs. Chloe Hilton Southerland—Mrs. Cora Larsen Delta R. F. D.—Mrs. Norman Erickson Leamington—Mrs. Charley Williams Lynndyl—Mrs. Wallace Allen Oak City—Mrs. George D. Shipley Deseret—Mrs. Vilate Maxfield MILLARD COUNTY (EAST) County Director: Miss Frances Garmley—Fillmore Fillmore—Mrs. Leah Wood Scipio—Mrs. James Memmott Kanosh—Mrs. Lottie Kimball Meadow—Mrs. Amy Adams MISS FRANCES GARMLEY 1943-1945 MRS. LOIS PEEL SMITH 1942-1943 MORGAN COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Golden Tucker—Morgan Morgan City—Mrs. Horace Heiner Mrs. Leona Clarke and Mrs. Mary W'elch Croydon—Mrs. Hazel Toone Devils Slide—Mrs. Ellen Campbell Milton—Mrs. Helen Anderson Peterson—Mrs. Elizabeth Lamb Porterville—Mrs. Porter Carter Richville—Mrs. Forde Dickson MRS. GOLDEN TUCKER 1942-1945 42 MRS. O. A. SMOOT 1943-1945 MRS. FLORENCE PETERSON 1942-1943 PIUTE COUNTY County Director: Mrs. O. A. Smoot—Circleville Circleville—Mrs. Earl Whittaker ' Marysvale—Mrs. John Pearson Junction—Mrs. Hazel L. Stoker Kingston—Mrs. Gail B. Coates Angle—Mary W. Jolley RICH COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Leo McKinnon—Randolph Randolph—Mrs. Leo McKinnon Woodruff—Ellen Kiddy Laketown—Elda Weston Garden City—Afton Spence MRS. LEO McKinnon 1942-1945 SALT LAKE COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Alf G. Gunn—Salt Lake City Salt Lake City-—Mrs. L. A. Stevenson Sandy—Mrs. Zelma Thompson Draper—Mrs. Cordia H. Smith Crescent—Mrs. A. E. Jensen Murray—Mrs. Pearl Reading Midvale—Mrs. Horace Jenkins Holladay—Mrs. Sarah L. Brockbank Riverton and Bluffdale—Mrs. L. M. Howard West Jordan—Mrs. Lloyd Gibson Granger—Mrs. Lloyd Bendixon South Jordan—Mrs. Walter A. Maby Star Route, Sandy—Mrs. Thomas Blair Garfield, Magna, Bacchus, Salt Works —Mrs. B. E. Mix Bingham Canyon—Mrs. J. Dewey Knudsen Copperton—Mrs. Mike Birsk Lead Mine—Mrs. Nick Floral Copperfield—Mrs. Byron Thurmond Bingham—Mrs. Clair Mathis Union—Mrs. Lawrence Brady Hunter—Mrs. Fred Wach Co-chairman, Mrs. Harold Rushton Granite—Mrs. M. L. Crabtree Harriman—Mrs. Albert J. Crane East Midvale—Mrs. Earl Evans Bluffdale—Mrs. Zelma Frost Bennion—Mrs. Eva Tischner Taylorsville—Mrs. B. F. Muir 43 MRS. ALF G. GUNN 1944-1945 MRS. ALLISON BILLS 1942-1943 MRS. G. M. CHRISTIANSEN 1944-1945 MRS. MYRL BRUGGER 1942 MRS. B. C. LUTH 1943-1944 SANPETE COUNTY County Director: Mrs. James L. Willardsen—Ephraim Manti—Mrs. Paul M. Smith Ephraim—Mrs. Dean Folster Fairview—Mrs. A. J. Anderson Moroni—Mrs. Mineros A. Nelson Wales—Mrs. LaFonda K. Anderson Fayette—Miss Ella Bown Co-chairman, Mrs. Lillian G. Bartholemew Chester—Mrs. Kenneth Candland Spring City—Mrs. Eva Erickson Sterling—Mrs. Harold Hansen Gunnison—Mrs. William H. Farr Co-chairman, Mrs. Neils Hermansen Mayfield-—Mrs. Clyde Willardsen Axtel—Mrs. Caroline Morley Centerfield—Mrs. O. L. Malmgren Mt. Pleasant—Mrs. Justus Seely Fountain Green—Mrs. Leon Lund MRS. JAMES L. WILLARDSEN 1942-1945 MRS. DONALD ADAMS 1943-1945 MRS. MARTHA EAGER 1942-1943 SAN JUAN COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Donald Adams—Monticello MonticeHo—Cleone Cooper and Mrs. Alene Jones Blanding—Louise E. Redd Bluff—Mrs. Dan Hayes and Mrs. U. A. Nielson Ucola—Mrs. Pearl Butt Horsehead—Mrs. Clement Johnson Cedar Point—Mrs. Albert Semademi Boulder—Neta Poulson Carlisle—Mrs. Milton Nielson La Sal—Mrs. Oscar Johnson SEVIER COUNTY County Director: Mrs. G. M. Christiansen—Richfield Richfield—Mrs. John L. Sevy Salina—Mrs. E. C. Wright Joseph—Mrs. Theron Mills Elsinore—Mrs. V. F. Bradley Monroe—Mrs. Hammer Smith Annabella—Mrs. Lloyd Gleave Central-;—Mrs. Charles Christensen Koosharem—Mrs. Floyd Bown Glenwood—Mrs. Harvey Sorenson Vermillion—Mrs. Glen Bastian Venice—Mrs. Elwood Buchanan Redmond—Mrs. Wilford Rasmussen Sigurd—Mrs. Herbert Jorgensen Sevier—Mrs. James Levi 44 SUMMIT COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Mabel Vernon—Coalville Coalville—Mrs. Mabel Vernon Kamas—Mrs. Moses C. Taylor Woodland—Mrs. Luella Walker Francis—Lillian McNeil Oakley—Mrs. Indra Young Marion—Melba Lewis Peoa—Mrs. A. F. Marchant Rockport—Mrs. Worthy Gibbons Wanship—Mrs. Florence Darcey Hoystville—Mrs. Marie Vernon Echo—Mrs. John Hampton Upton—Mrs. Lucile Powell Henefer—Mrs. Alton Taylor Emory—Mrs. Alta Greager Castle Rock—Mrs. Ruth Moore East CoalvVle—Mrs. Vern Willowghby Park City—Mrs. Charles Thomas TOOELE COUNTY County Director: Mrs. W. H. Floyd—Tooele Tooele City—Mrs. A. A. Sharp Grantsville—Mrs. James R. Williams Lincoln—Mrs. Helen Woodard Erda—Mrs. Lawrence T. Liddell Stockton—Mrs. Mary Thomas Lake Point—Mrs. S. W. Clark Ophir—Mrs. Fay Leatham Ibapah—Mrs. Betty Calloway MRS. W. H. FLOYD 1943-1945 MRS. ETHEL ELLIOT 1942-1943 MRS. MABEL VERNON 1945 MRS. RALPH PACE 1942-1944 UINTAH COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Ralph A. Bryson—Vernal Vernal—Mrs. Effie Anderson, Mrs. Mamie Slaugh, Mrs. Rose Johnson, Mrs. Alfred Davis Leota;—Mrs. Calvin Jorgensen Ashley—Mrs. Elmer Swett Davis—Mrs. Florence Southam Jensen—Mrs. Ruth Haslem LaPoint-—Mrs. Lawrence Caldwell * Maeser—Mrs. Lorin Hatch Naples—Mrs. Josephine Openshaw Vernal R. F. D.—Mrs. LaMar Thacker Tridell—Mrs. Nellie Merkley Bennett—Mrs. Myrtle Spouse Ballard—Mrs. Ray Labrum . Gusher—Mrs. Clyde Underwood Independence—Mrs. David Lundberg Randlett—Mrs. Elbert Chandler Ouray—Mrs. Straussie Birchell Whiterocks—Mrs. Florence Marimom MRS. RALPH BRYSON 1943-1945 Vernal Chairwoman 1942-1943 MRS. THEODORE JOHNSON 1942-1943 45 MRS. GEORGE WORTHEN 1942-1945 UTAH COUNTY County Director: Mrs. George Worthen—Provo Provo—Mrs. Clark E. Allred and Mrs. Victor J. Bird Provo Publicity—Mrs. L. B. Tackett Lehi—Mrs. Ella Manning Orem—Mrs. Maud Park Springville—Mrs. A. Y. Wheeler Goshen and Santaquin—Mrs. Ada Gardall Payson—Mrs. Frances Simpson Spanish Fork—Mrs. Evelyn J. Williams American Fork—Mrs. Dwight Packard Pleasant Grove—Mrs. Lawrence Attwood Mapleton—Mrs. Sadie N. Whiting WASATCH COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Marvel Murdock—Heber City Heber City—Mrs. Lorenzo Wooton Keetley—Mrs. Fred M. Banks Walsburg—Mrs. Lula Mecham Park Utah Mine, Keetley— Mrs. Ralph Stringham Charleston—Mrs. Verdel Ritchie Daniel—Mrs. Stella Bethers Elkhorn—Mrs. Leona Blackley Center Creek—Mrs. Gladys Giles Midway—-Mrs. Belle Steele MRS. MARVEL MURDOCK 1942-1945 WASHINGTON COUNTY (EAST) County Director: Mrs. Kathryn Larson—Hurricane Leeds—Mrs. Dallas Hartman Hurricane—Mrs. Ora W. Williams, Mrs. Erma Stevens and Mrs. Marie Stanworth La Verkin—Mrs. Areta Church Virgin—Mrs. Henry Cornelius Rockville—Mrs. Alice Ballard Springdale—Mrs. Partha Russell Toquerville—Mrs. Rowena Slack MRS. KATHRYN LARSON 1942-1945 46 WASHINGTON COUNTY (WEST) County Director: Mrs. Ross Barton—St. George St. George—Mrs. Effie Judd Modena—Mrs. Ethel Lund (Iron County) Pine Valley—Mrs. LaVeme Cox Enterprise—Mrs. Marie Phelps Central—Mrs. Lucile Bracken Gunlock—Mrs. Beatrice Leavitt Veyo—Mrs. Isabel Jones Santa Clara—Mrs. Vella Ruth Hafen Ivins—Mrs. Lula Tobler Washington—Mrs. Vilate Neilson MRS. ROSS BARTON 1942-1945 WAYNE COUNTY County Director : Mrs. Viola Rees—Loa Loa—Mrs. Fred Brown Lyman—Mrs. Sperry Chappell Fremont-—Mrs. Earl Albrecht Bicknell—Mrs. LaVell King Torry—Mrs. Earl Buhanan Hanksville—Mrs. Nina Robison Fruita—Mrs. Hazel Chestnut Grover—Mrs. Blake Fordham MRS. VIOLA REES 1943-1945 MRS. OWEN DAVIS 1942-1943 WEBER COUNTY County Director: Mrs. Reid Jensen—Roy Ogden—Mrs. William B. Cook Huntsville and District—Mrs. Horace Aldous Eden—Mrs. A. M. Ferrin Liberty—Mrs. Thomas Rhoades Roy—Mrs. W. T. Whitson North Ogden—Mrs. Lucile Douglas Uintah—Mrs. Ellen Stoker Plain City—Mrs. Viola Palmer South Ogden—Mrs. Delila Cook MRS. REID JENSEN 1943-1945 47 SALT LAKE CITY 13 Committee members 9 District Chairwomen 92 Area Captains 1778 Minute Women 2000 Paper Troopers Mrs. L. A. Stevenson, Chairman, Salt Lake City Minute Women July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. G. M. Paulson, 1st Vice-chairman L. D. S. Relief Societies Chairman, District No. 6 July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Junius Fisher, 2nd Vice-chairman Salt Lake Council of Women Chairman of Organization Chairman, District No. 3 July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Walter A. Kerr, Secretary-Treasurer and Publicity Director Salt Lake District Federation of Women’s Clubs July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Angus H. Gibson City Council Parent-Teachers Assc. Chairman, District No. 1 July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Richard Wagstaff Girl Scout Council Chairman, District No. 5 July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Curtis Y. Clawson Contact representative. Military Services Chairman, District No. 4 July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. C. L. Jack Chairman, District No. 2 June 1943—December 1945 Mrs. Roy H. Bitner Business & Professional Women’s Club Chairman, Education November 1942—December 1945 Miss Aurelia Bennion Y. W. M. I. A. Chairman, Speakers Burea May 1943—December 1945 MRS. L. A. STEVENSON Salt Lake City Chairman July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Thomas J. Holland Catholic and Protestant Churches Chairman, District No. 8 July 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Benjamin Williams Chairman, District No. 7 June 1943—December 1945 Mrs. Grant Gregerson Presidents Patriotic Defense Council Chairman, Radio and Music November 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Alf G. Gunn Chairman, District No. 9 September 1944—December 1945 48 Salt Lake Minute Women Activities The first meeting of the Salt Lake City Board, Women’s Conservation and Salvage Division, was held July 28, 1942, in the Utah Oil building. Those in attendance were Mrs. L. A. Stevenson, Salt Lake City Chairman; Mrs. Walter A. Kerr, Mrs. Curtis Y. Clawson, Mrs. Florence R. Ellison, Mrs. Junius Fisher, Mrs. Angus H. Gibson, Mrs. Thomas J. Holland, Mrs. Richard A. Wagstaff and Mrs. John T. Wahlquist, State Chairman, Women’s Division. B. L. Wood, State Executive Secretary, called the meeting to order and presented a comprehensive outline of the national conservation and salvage program and the responsibility necessary for women, on the homefront, to assume during the critical war period. The organizing of the Salt Lake Minute Women was spectacular. Never before have so many women been called into a large new organization in such a short time. Two factors facilitated immediate action. First, the National Scrap Harvest Program, under the direction of the Men’s Salvage Division, was scheduled to start the middle of September and the committee wanted every home in Salt Lake City contacted before the opening date. Second, letters and telegrams were pouring in from Washington, D. C., urging speedy organization. At a special meeting of committee members, August 3, 1942, Mrs. L. A. Stevenson appointed Mrs. Junius Fisher as chairman of organization. At the first regular board meeting held Monday, September 7, 1942, at 8:00 p.m., m the Atlas Building, Mrs. Fisher presented the organizational plans to select 1100 women in one day. Wednesday, September 9, 1942, was set as organizational day with each district chairwoman assigned a special hour to meet at the Tribune-Telegram auditorium with special advisors from her district. The consultants and district chairwoman selected a capable woman on each block in the assigned area. The same district divisions were used as are set up by the Salt Lake Public School System. A list was made of the names of the women chosen and following the consultations, volunteers addressed envelopes and inserted letters of appointment “calling the women to serve in a volunteer war job for the duration.” They were also notified that a mass meeting was to be held at the Capitol Theatre, Saturday, September 12, 1942, at 10:00 a.m. Consultations started at 9:00 a.m. and at 5:30 p.m. most selections had been made. The following evening all letters were posted. The attendance at the Saturday meeting was overwhelming. The majority responded to the “call” and continued to serve for more than three years. Later, districts were divided and captains placed over areas; blocks were divided and outlying areas organized. The Salt Lake Minute Women Organization numbered 1778 at the close of the war program. 49 The Salt Lake Minute Women Organization participated in all salvage programs directed by the Conservation and Salvage Division, War Production Board. In addition, they directed and assisted with thirty-two other war programs channeled through the Minute Women organization. About the time Salt Lake City was put on the critical war zone list, the manpower shortage was acute and in order for the salvage programs to go forward the Salt Lake Minute Women, under the direction of the State Salvage Chairwoman, and the State Salvage Office organized and supervised drives for rags, paper, tin, etc. The drives were successful due to the response of the people and the cooperation of trucks and meh from military installations—Fort Douglas, Kearns, Naval Supply Depot at Clearfield, and Ordnance Depot at Hill Field. Twice, trucks from Salt Lake City dairies assisted in the citywide pickup of paper. Boys from South, East and West High Schools helped to pick up the paper on eight of Salt Lake City’s twelve largest paper drives. The city was divided into six zones and paper picked up from street corners on designated days. Over sixty-nine board and planning meetings, as well as ten Mass Minute Women assemblies were held by the Salt Lake Organization. Thirty-five special drives were organized and conducted by these women. Hundreds of thousands of pieces of educational literature were distributed and numerous vital messages, pertaining to various war programs, delivered to Salt Lake City homes. Committee members rendered outstanding volunteer services in organizational and campaign work. The records of the organization, carefully compiled by the secretary and treasurer, were deposited in the archives of the State Historical Society. The treasurer was bonded and the books audited periodically. All newspapers cooperated 100%. One of the unique innovations was the clarion call to all Minute Women in the form of boxes in all city newspapers. "Calling all Minute Women’’ was used to announce drives, mass meetings, and convey special messages. Scores of radio programs were presented to further the salvage programs. Monies received in the collection of paper and rags were used to pay for collecting and shipping of materials and to further the salvage activities. Minute Women voted from time to time on donations to many worthy civic causes: one hundred and fifty-one fruit trees and $1694.15 in books to Bushnell Hospital, $350.00 in U. S. bonds to Salt Lake high schools and three elementary school (winners of Tin Can Contest), $1,350.00 to American Red Cross, War Chest, and Police Mutual Aid. The Salt Lake Minute Women account was closed with an endowment of $5000 presented to the University of Utah in the name of the Salt Lake Minute Women, the principal to be kept intact and the interest during the first three years to be divided between a freshman ex-service man and an ex-service woman. The fourth year and thereafter, the interest to be divided between a worthy freshman boy and girl. Salt Lake Minute Women carried on for three months following the closing of the State Salvage Office. They were officially released December 30, 1945. 50 OGDEN 14 Committee Members 7 District Chairwomen 600 Minute Women Ogden Minute Women Committee: Mrs. William Burford Cook Chairman, Ogden Minute Women September 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Merlon Stevenson V ice-Chairman District Minute Women Chairman September 1942—--December 1945 Mrs. Garnett Littlefield V ice-Chairman Chairman, Tin Can Program September 1942-—December 1945 Mrs. Ralph Johnston, Secretary September 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Ora Bundy, Treasurer December 1943—December 1945 Mrs. Frank Kreizenbeck Chairman, Publicity October 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Milton H. White Chairman, Paper Program 1943-1945 Mrs. S. P. Dobbs Chairman, Special Jewelry Drive , 1943-1945 Mrs. Alma McKee Chairman, Special Old Clothing Drive District Minute Women Chairman Mrs. Joseph Whitaker District Minute Women Chairman 1942-1945 Mrs. Walter L. Wilson District Minute Women Chairman 1942-1945 MRS. WILLIAM B. COOK Chairman, Ogden Minute Women September 1942—December 1945 Mrs. Flora Leavitt District Minute Women Chairman 1942-1945 Mrs. Raymond Wright District Minute Women Chairman 1942-1945 Mrs. Clarence Ledingham District Minute Women Chairman 1942-1945 51 Ogden Minute Women Activities Ogden Minute Women were organized in September 1942 under the direction of Mrs. William Burford Cook. The executive committee met at Mrs. Cook’s home and captains selected women to serve on blocks in their areas. Letters of appointment were mailed to these women and the first meeting held in the Weber College auditorium. During World War II, as a result of numerous military installations located around Ogden, Ogden Arsenal, Army Service Depot, Hill Field, and the Naval Supply Depot, that area became a Number One Critical Zone. Manpower and housing became major problems. However, in addition to other demands made of women, 600 women were called to be Minute Women and carried forward successful campaigns for salvage materials for over three years. Minute Women were organized in the Government Housing Units, on the outskirts of Ogden, when they increased in number and population. When the Western Union were unable to secure messengers, the Ogden Minute Women responded to relaying messages from telegraph offices to various homes in the community. This procedure assured the delivery of vital messages. During three canning seasons the Ogden Minute Women assisted in the recruitment for emergency laborers. They also participated in all wartime programs channeled through the State Minute Women’s Organization, as well as numerous local civic projects. The schools, members of the City Council, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, Beehive Girls, Ogden Chamber of Commerce, Ogden Standard Examiner, radio station, KLO, civic clubs and grocery stores, as well as numerous other organizations and individuals gave full support to all Minute Women activities. Approximately $4,000.00 funds accumulated from the sale of paper and rags, were to be donated by the Ogden Minute Women, to some worthy civic project in Ogden. Treasurer was bonded and books audited periodically. Ogden Minute Women carried on for three months following the closing of the State Salvage Office. They were officially released December 30, 1945. 52 j^aLucitu and jdddlic ¡relations 7 / l/l TAHNS knew and understood the Salvage Programs! One of the major contributing factors to the success of the numerous Salvage Programs was the wholehearted cooperation given every salvage project by all Utah newspapers. Loyal reporters from the Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake Telegram and Deseret News called at the State Salvage Office practically every day during the three and one-half years it was maintained by the War Production Board. Their willingness to cooperate with vital war programs was evidenced time and time again when confidences were not betrayed in order to gain a news scoop. We express our appreciation to these devoted workers. Newspapers throughout the state contributed countless columns of space to carry the salvage programs to their readers. Praise of them for their help has come from all parts of the state. Radio Stations KSL, KUTA, KDYL, in Salt Lake City; KLO in Ogden; KNUV, in Logan; KEUB in Price; KOVO, in Provo; KSUB, in Cedar City, generously contributed of their time and talents to bring the salvage message to their listeners. Theatres in Utah used their opportunity of reaching people as a means of furthering war programs. Hundreds of picture shows were donated to salvage programs and the securing of vital salvage materials needed in war production. Time and time again the silver screen flashed urgent messages pertaining to salvage. The schools of Utah patriotically responded to every urgent war program the War Agencies channeled through their school systems. Many emergencies for materials needed in production were met by national drives conducted through the schools. A great satisfaction lies in the fact that the schools were so effective in their response to emergency drives. Girl and Boy Scouts organizations labored untiringly in their War Service Programs. They met every challenge given to them by salvage drives. Transportation of collected salvage materials in wartime became a major problem. Drives could be conducted, but in order to maintain continuous drives, it was necessary to move materials regularly. With the majority of the counties in the State of Utah off the railroad this looked impossible at first. But through the cooperation of railroad companies, motorways, industry, United States army and navy installations, state, county, municipal, and privately owned trucks, it was possible to build up a network of transportation whereby all materials collected could be moved from every community in the state of Utah to a shipping point on the railroad. Railroad rates were reduced in order that paper could be shipped to paper mills and tin cans, to detinning plants. 53 All industries or businesses located in the state of Utah were brought into the salvage program at one time or another. Grocery stores collected tin cans; beverage companies, wholesale and retail, hauled the cans to shipping points. Butcher shops received household fats; dry cleaning establishments cleaned clothing in Old Clothing Drives; drug stores collected tin tubes; garages and service stations collected scrap iron and rubber; dry goods stores collected silk and nylon hosiery; and, all industries and business houses collected scrap iron and waste paper. The Pepper Metal Supply, Monsey Iron and Metal Company, Union Pacific, and Denver and Rio Grande railways furnished magnet cranes for loading tin cans into freight cars. Wonjen’s organizations and Church groups backed the Minute Women many times when special drives or quotas were to be reached. Twice an appeal for household fats was read during the same week to all organizations in the state, such as the L.D.S. Relief Society, Daughters of the Utah Pioneers, Utah Federation of Women’s Club, American Legion Auxiliary and the Utah Parent-Teachers Association. The month following the announcements, Utah doubled its collections and went over its quota. Appreciation is extended to all the above organizations for their cooperation in making the salvage programs in Utah successful. Salvage News Letter Each month during 1944-45 an Official Salvage News Bulletin was written and distributed by officials in the State Salvage Office. It carried current information regarding salvage programs. It was mailed to national, state and community salvage leaders and to state and city officials. Other Publicity Material Approximately one-fourth of a million letters were sent from the State Salvage office to salvage leaders and Minute Women in the state. Overdone million pieces of literature used in educational and promotional work were distributed. Much of this material was distributed by Minute Women in house-to-house contacts. In addition, thousands of posters were displayed in public places. Meetings Hundreds of committees as well as public meetings on salvage were held throughout the state. Many were regional meetings in which representatives from several counties would travel to one central locality. This latter method of assemblage was utilized in order to expedite presentations of urgent war programs. Wounded Veterans from Bushnell Hospital accompanied state salvage officials on several statewide tours. 54 During the war the United States was divided into regions, Utah, along with Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico, was included in Region IX. Regional offices were located at Denver. State Salvage Officials — the State Salvage Manager, the State Chairman of the Women’s Division, and two field men, were called to Denver many times to attend regional meetings. Officials from Washington, D. C., always attended regional meetings. Utah, whose salvage record had consistently been outstanding in the nation, was honored by having one of the largest representative two-day conventions called by salvage officials, held in Salt Lake City in June, 1944. State salvage representatives were present from all states west of the Mississippi. All national salvage officials were present from Washington, D.C., including the Chief of the Women’s Unit, Miss Helen Blankenhorn. One of the highlights of the Convention was the visitor’s attendance at a mass Minute Women’s meeting in the Capitol Theatre. This meeting had been called upon one day’s notice through newspapers and hundreds of women were present. The W.P.B. leaders praised the Minute Women by saying that their accomplishments were an example for the rest of the country. Miss Blankenhorn said, "Utah does not need me. I have come here to thank you.” She presented the Utah State Chairwoman a certificate of recognition signed by Donald M. Nelson. A luncheon followed the morning meeting. Many county directors and city chairwomen in Utah were present. One week after the Salvage Convention in Utah, Mrs. John T. Wahlquist, State Chairman, Utah Minute Women was called to Washington, D.C., via air lines, where she was asked to outline the Utah Women’s organization. From there she traveled with the national salvage officials to New York City where she spoke on the Utah Minute Women activities before state and regional salvage representatives from the Eastern States, Maryland to Maine. The meetings were held in the War Production Board convention rooms in the Empire State building. Financial Status Salvage programs were conducted for materials, not money. In most salvage activities there were no exchanges of monies. Collecting and hauling of most salvage materials was done gratis by volunteers and industry. Household fats, silk and nylon hosiery, old clothing, and collapsible tin tubes were shipped to consuming industries, freight collect. The last three months of the program, rags were added to this list. When the paper situation became acute, industry paid ceiling prices for waste paper and all monies received in paper collections were sent to volunteer committees where materials were collected. At the close of the salvage program accumulated monies held in escrow by salvage committees were turned over to worthy community projects or endowments. Financial records of the Minute Women were regularly audited and published in the local presses, and the treasurers were bonded. 55 An ^Appreciation URI NG the 1945 session of the Utah State Legislature a JOINT RESOLUTION COMMENDING AND CONGRATULATING THE UTAH SALVAGE COMMITTEE ON A VERY OUTSTANDING RECORD OF ACCOMPLISHMENT was enacted. (H. J. R. No. 10 By Resolutions and Memorials Committee). Excerpts read: Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Utah'. WHEREAS, the Utah Salvage committee since its organization in 1942 has not only met every quota given it in all counties, cities, and towns of the state of Utah by the national organization in the program for salvaging materials so necessary for the war, but has far exceeded its quota and has made one of the best records of any state in the union; and WHEREAS, the leaders of this committee, M. J. Greenwood, B. L. Wood and Mrs. John T. Wahlquist, have been invited to and have participated with the national leaders in this work offering suggestions and explanations on organizations in the salvage program, and WHEREAS, a brief recapitulation report of the activities of this committee during the year 1944 is as follows: ★ ★ * ★ BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED THAT, the Legislature of the state of Utah commend and congratulate the Utah salvage committee collectively and individually for their excellent record of accomplishment in Utah in all phases of the salvage program. They deserve our praise and the support and co-operation of every citizen of Utah in the continuance of this work until victory is won. 56 HERBERT B.MAW GOVERNOR STATE OF UTAH office or the: governor SALT LAKE CITY September 30, 1945 TO THE UTAH MINUTE WOMEN: * Now that the war is over and peace has been restored to the world, I should like to express my thanks to you for the tremendous accomplishments made during the period of the war emergency. Through the efforts of the Minute Women, materials which were critically short and desperately needed for the war were secured in almost unbelievable quantities. The success of your labors, undoubtedly, was a major factor in bringing victory to our side, for at no time were our fighting men left wanting. As Governor of Utah, and as spokesman for the citizens of the State, it is a pleasure for me to express the gratitude of all of us to each of you who responded to the many urgent calls made during the serious crisis. Sincerely yours, Governor 57 IN REPLY REFER TO: WAR PRODUCTION BOARD WASHINGTON 25, D. C. August 28, 19^5 Mrs. Grace D. Wahl quiet State Chairman, Women* s Unit Utah Minute Women 313~316 Atlas Building Salt Lake City 1, Utah Bear Mrs. Wahlquist: In contemplating the discontinuance of the Conservation and Salvage Division of the War Production Board, it is certain that this could not he properly done without acquainting your wonderful organization with the gratitude from those of us in Washington who have been able to observe the splendid salvage programs conducted by your organization. The Government properly will discontinue this function on September 30 hut as their still remains a shortage of critical materials now necessaxy for active reconversion operations, we hope that you will continue your efforts in this interim period to the extent that facilities are available to channel the materials to industiy. Toward this end, may I request that you continue to maintain records of your activities and publicity' reports. The Utah Minute Women have done an outstanding job in the nation* s cause and I know must individually have great satisfaction in their performance. Sincerely, W. Thomas Hoyt, Director Conservation and Salvage Division 58 WAR PRODUCTION BOARD Regional Office (9) CONTINENTAL OIL BUILDING DENVER 2. COLORADO OFFICE OF REGIONAL DIRECTOR September 5,' 1945 To the Utah Minute Women: It is impossible to find words sufficiently adequate to commend the Minute Women of Utah on the important role they have taken in the Salvage activities in your State. Your organization is recognized as one of the outstanding women’s groups in the Nation. You have certainly brought tribute and acclaim to your State. Utah’s fighting sons can be rightfully proud of your homefront achievements, and the magnificent contribution you have made to the winning of the war. Again may we extend to you our grateful thanks and congratulations for a patriotic job well done. May the future energies of the Minute Women of Utah be directed, individually and collectively, towards the mainténance of a lasting Peace. SincerelyJfours r. ü. amazon RegionaKdManager, Conservationr& Salvage Division 59 IN REPLY REFER TO: WAR PRODUCTION BOARD 303 Atlas Building Salt Lake City 1, Utah September 14, 1945 Mrs. Grace Wahlquist Chairman, Minute Women of Utah To The Minute Women of Utah: Now that we and our allies have been successful in winning the war and our thoughts are naturally turning toward peacetime activities, it gives me great pleasure to express my appreciation as District Manager of the War Production Board, for the wonderful job that has been done by the Minute Women of Utah both in handling the matters related to the Salvage Division and for their assistance in. many other ways. There has been no group that I know of engaged in war work with the War Production Board that even begins to match the superlative performance and wonderful results obtained by our Minute Women under your leadership, Mrs. Wahlquist. Mr. Wood and I have been proud of you all from the very beginning and though I have been quite far behind the line in this particular work in the field, I have been conscious of the effort and have been with you all in the spirit as you met one demand after another in a manner most satisfactory. This war, more than any in history, reached back to the last village and cross road community because we needed the assistance and cooperation of the entire population and your group has rendered a most unusual service in keeping this contact alive during the war years. I want you all to know that the continued guidance and support that Mr. Marion Greenwood has given to the salvage effort both through the overall picture and the Minute Women is again one of the outstanding jobs in the war work in this area. Please accept my sincere appreciation and I know I speak for our regional office as well as our national office in thanking you one and all. Sincerely yours. District Manager, WPB 60 WAR PRODUCTION BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C. STATE GENERAL SALVAGE COMMITTEE M. J. Greenwood, chairman B. L. WOOD. EXECUTIVE-SECRETARY ATLAS BUILDING SALT LAKE CITY UTAH IN REPLY REFER TOI September 1?, 1945 Mrs« John T« Wahlquiet, Chairman Utah State Minute Women Atlas Building Salt Lake City, Utah Dear Madam: This brief and imperfect letter intended for the Minute Women of Utah can only in part express my appreciation and gratitude for the accomplishments of your great organization« Your results have been outstanding and gratifying. You have been given national recognition because of your ability and untiring application. No state can boast of a more nearly perfect job« Utah is proud of its Minute Women. Your enthusiasm in the Salvage Program marks you as a true American, and as the years go by it will be a great source of pleasure to you to look back on your accomplishments and know that you aided in the winning of this great war, which means so much to the liberty of all human kind« This thought will in some degree compensate you for the hours you have spent in this endeavor. The work you have done has been intelligently and agressively executed. You have developed friendships that will last during your entire lifetime. It is a pleasure and joy to be associated with you, and I cherish your friendship. Thanks and best wishes. MJGtln 61 Sincerely yowpey Sinie Chairmn' IN REPLY REFER TO: SALVAGE DIVISION WAR PRODUCTION BOARD 313-316 Atlas Building Salt Lake City 1, Utah Sept. 12, 1945 To the Minute Women of Utah: It has been a privilege for me to be associated with such a competent and efficient organization as the Minute Women of Utah. Accomplishments obtained by this body of women have exceeded my expectations. The- average man in his lifetime does not have an opportunity to observe the careful planning, execution, and enthusiasm that has been characteristic in all of the activities of the Minute Women organization^ The manner in which you have approached each salvage project is indicative of the qualities that are embodied in the name that dignifies your organization. I have the highest regard for the ability of the many women who make up this home army of volunteers. There has never been a time when I have questioned the resourcefulness and willingness of your group to accomplish the projects assigned, as you have always exceeded quotas. I want to take this occasion to thank you for the support you have given this important war program. I know that as the years pass by you will receive a great deal of satisfaction in knowing that you were an active member of the Minute Women organization. Sincerely yours, Salvage Manager, W. P. B. 62 (Citations and ^dwardó ^/hE State of Utah presented beautifully hand-styled certificates to the 8000 Utah Minute Women. Certificates given county directors and city chairwomen were signed by Governor Herbert B. Maw and the Great Seal of the State of Utah attested with the signature of the secretary of state E. E. Monson. W^ar Production Board certificates, signed by J. C. Krug, head of the War Production Board, Washington, D.C., were presented to salvage and civic leaders. For distinguished service the War Production Board gold seal and red, white and blue ribbons were affixed. Gold-plated Minute Women Medals, designed with the glorified woman holding out the wreath of achievement and victory, were presented to 400 county directors, city chairwomen, and committee members of the Salvage Division., These medals were made possible by donations from industry. Distinguished Service Award World War II Utah Minute Women Utah Minute Women Brochure was presented to every Minute Woman in the state along with a Minute Woman certificate presented by the State of Utah. Each certificate was embossed with the state seal. 63 (¿oncwsion magnitude of World War II was beyond human conception. One nineteen-year-old G. I. wrote from a foxhole: “It was like riding the edge of a whirling disk past scenes of death and destruction at breakneck speed... . When an artillery shell comes in, the individual worries only about himself—just one instinct for a savage war: self-preservation. But when the smoke clears we all know that DEMOCRACY and FREEDOM are not just fourth grade school work, and they are worth fighting for!” The Utah Minute Women realized their obligation to our men and women fighting on battle fronts all over the world. It was their desire that in this mad war of machines that the wheels of production continuously turn out the war equipment needed. They stood as a great army of volunteer workers, united, with one goal—TO WIN VICTORY! Utah’s Minute W^omen can be proud of their contribution to World War II. Their record has been extolled by WPB leaders and others across the nation. In his appearance in Utah, Mr. E. C. Seawell, representing the United States Fats Industry, said, “Utah has done the best job. There is alive today a vivid imprint of the Pioneer. Utah has retained the realities, she has combined qualities visible and invisible to set an example. Those who know it, seek to emulate it.” Certainly, Utah’s fine record is a reflection of its citizenry. Without the help of the public, success could not have been realized. Utah’s Minute Women desire to express the appreciation they feel in being permitted to represent this commonwealth and its citizens in this great task. It has been an honor, a privilege and a joy to have shared in these important activities on the home front during this crucial period. Every member of the Utah Minute Women's organization feels humble and grateful in the sight of God for the role they were permitted to play in this great cataclysm. We pray God that such a herculean effort will never be necessary again; that PEACE SHALL REIGN FOREVER! 64