[Victory : Official Weekly Bulletin of the Office of War Information. V. 3, No. 41]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

VICTORY
OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
OCTOBER 13, 1942
VOLUME 3, NUMBER 41
ACTION ON THE VITAL MANPOWER FRONT
Manpower in the army fights at the front; in the factory, produces the weapons for the army; on the farm, grows the food the army and the factory workers eat. Wages of the factory worker affect the farm worker’s welfare, and quantity and price of food from the farms can raise or lower the factory worker’s productivity and standard of living. Besides the details recorded on this page, last week brought the following:
PRODUCTION: WPB closed the gold mines to free miners for copper, zinc, and other war materials. Page 9.
WAGES: War Labor Board, in first decision since die President’s wage and farm price control order, refused a pay increase. Page 15.
FOOD: Department of Agriculture predicted manpower and other problems would hold next year’s total farm output to 1942 proportions. Page 4.
PRICES: Administrator Henderson permitted increases on 11 classes of food products to get them back on the shelves of low-profit stores. Page 19.
War Production Board Chairman Donald M. Nelson on October 11 directed Government agencies which place war procurement contracts to avoid, wherever possible, contracting for the production of war materials in areas where acute labor shortages are known to exist.
The War Manpower Commission will certify to the war procurement agencies communities and areas in which acute labor shortages exist, together with areas in which surplus labor supply is available.
This policy was ordered in an amended Directive No. 2 issued by Mr. Nelson.
To pay higher prices if necessary
The new directive also explicitly authorizes and directs war procurement agencies to pay higher prices, if necessary to comply with procurement policies set out in the directive.
Those policies require that in negotiating war procurement contracts, the following considerations shall govern in the order listed:
1.	Primary emphasis must be placed on obtaining delivery or performance when required by the war program.
2.	Contracts should be placed with, concerns requiring the least new machinery, equipment or facilities to fill the contracts.
3.	Communities or areas where acute labor shortages exist shall be avoided.
4.	In general, contracts involving the more difficult war production problems should be
placed with concerns best able, by reason of emergency, managerial and physical re-- source, to handle them. Contracts for items involving relatively simple production problems should be placed with concerns, normally the smaller ones, less able to handle the more difficult production problems.
5. All other things being equal, contracts should be placed so as to spread production among as many firms as is feasible.
Negotiated contracts continued
The amended directive continues in effect the policy of awarding war contracts by negotiation.
Such negotiation “may include not only face-to-face dealings, but also purchasing by securing informal written bids or telephone quotations.”
Authority to depart from the policies set out in the amended directive may be granted by the director of the procurement policy division of WPB.
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October 13,1942
VICTORY
OFFICIAL BULLETIN of the Office of War Information, Published weekly by the Office of War Information. Printed at the United States Government Printing Office.
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In this issue
On the Home Front_____________________ 3
MANPOWER
Nelson orders war contracts placed where labor is most plentiful______________ 1
Four key officials view the problems of manpower_____________________________ 6
Apprentice training doubled to keep factories producing_____________________ 7
U. S. will help men transferring to copper
mines___________________________________ 9
AGRICULTURE
Department believes we have reached limit in total food output_________________ 4
Products of our farms arrive to keep our allies fed_______________”___________ 5
Wood becomes a critical material__________ 23
WAR PRODUCTION
No copper can be bought except to keep
U. S. on its feet and fighting__________ 8
WPB closes gold mines to turn men to copper and zinc______________________ 9
Idle stocks of steel sought from 200,000
possible holders________________________ 10
Building specifications changed to save steel for war_______________________ 11
PRICE ADMINISTRATION
Henderson applies rent control over the whole Nation_____________.__________ 18
Price rise permitted so low-profit stores can restock on food_____________________ 19
RATIONING
Jeffers predicts great majority will cooperate on motoring rules_______________ 25
WAR INFORMATION
American prisoners of Japs set up democratic government___________________	29
CIVILIAN DEFENSE
Contracts let for 2,258,000 stirrup pumps_30
STILL THE BEST PROVIDER IN THE WORLD!
Cartoon by Coakley for VICTORY. Mats or proofs in two- and three-column size are available for publication. Requests should be addressed to Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. Please refer to V—202. Mats or proofs of other illustrations in this issue are also available. Always order by V-number.
Hull broadcast issued in pamphlet form by OWI
Publication in pamphlet form of the broadcast to the Nation on “The War and Human Freedom” by Secretary of State Cordell Hull on July 23 was announced October 8 by the OWI.
The pamphlet is one in a series presenting important speeches in permanent form.
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Visiting journalists from other American republics to tour U. S.
Eighty-five leading newspaper publishers, editors, and writers from 19 American republics will come to the United States this fall and winter to inspect war activities as guests of the National Press Club, it was announced October 5 by Nelson A. Rockefeller, Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs.
October 13,1942
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On the Home Front
For uncounted millions throughout the world this winter’s chief concern will be food, and it will be a graver problem next year, and so long as the war lasts. The Nazi boast, doubtful of fulfillment—that Germans will live well though the rest of Europe starves can only strengthen Russian determination to drive the invaders from their richest foodlands. Winter rations in Russia will be scant this year in spite of the increasing quantities of our foods that are being sent to her—a total of about 190 million pounds of grains and cereals alone.
Food for freedom
American agriculture is playing a vital part in the fight for freedom. Already we have sent close to 2 billion pounds of grain and cereal products to the docks for dispatch to the United Nations, about 1 billion pounds of pork, nearly a billion pounds of fruits and vegetables, 600 million pounds of lard, and other foods in staggering amounts, including vitamin products by hundreds of thousands of pounds.
We help to feed our Lend-Lease allies as a primary measure in winning the war against the Axis bringers of death and famine. We give our fighting men the best possible diet for the same purpose. And even such a comparatively minor item as frozen foods for our armed forces runs to huge amounts—600,000 pounds of frozen fruits and vegetables a month, 53 million pounds estimated for next year’s supply.
Price danger line averted
These unprecedented demands on our food stores, together with a national income at a rate of 116 billion dollars a year, which has given us far greater foodbuying capacity—drove price levels of most foods close to the danger line of uncontrolled inflation. That threat to our household economy ended when maximum priees were fixed for nearly all foods that hadn’t previously been placed under control. The only important foods—about one-tenth of the total— not now under control are fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh fish, and peanuts.
The Nazis have almost stripped the occupied countries of their fats and oils, and even in Britain the basic civilian ration now is 8 ounces of fats and oils per week, of which not more than 2 ounces may be butter. Next year we expect to produce more than 11^ billion pounds of oils and fats, two-thirds of which are
for food uses. This isn’t enough to meet unrestricted demand, but domestic limitation of these products should hardly be noticed if we’re not wasteful.
“Honor bound” on meat rationing
Observance of the voluntary “share-the-meat” ration’plan—2^ pounds per person per week—will take some figuring if we are to be honest with ourselves and with our country. We’ll have to
REPRINTING PERMISSIBLE
Requests have been received for permission to reprint “On the Home Front” in whole or in part. This column, like all other material in VICTORY, may be reprinted, without special permission. If excerpts are used, the editors ask only that they be taken in such a way that their original meaning is preserved.
remember that what we eat away from home, in restaurants or as guests, counts as part of the ration just as much as though it came from our own table. Most Americans will be eating larger quantities of foods with nourishment values similar to the limited meats, making more soup stocks of the bones that are included in the ration, and serving such things as kidneys, brains, and heart, not on the ration list, more frequently. Farmers who slaughter their own meats and butchers who handle them are honor bound to keep within the same ration quota as the rest of us.
More war jobs for women
All in all, America’s food supply is ample for health and strength. It will be ample next year, too, unless a serious shortage of farm labor caused by the drain of manpower to the armed forces and war industry becomes acute.
If that happens we’ll have to channel manpower toward the land—and this manpower undoubtedly will include a large proportion of womanpower. Four-fifths of all war jobs can be performed by women, and next year we’ll need another 5 million of them working in war and* other employment, including farming.
Well get it there!
Food and equipment for our fighters overseas and for our allies will not be held up by lack of shipping space. We are in sight of this year’s goal of 8 million ship tons, with 3 new ships a day
going into service. A good part of the credit for this achievement belongs to the labor-management committees in the ship-building industry, committees which reduced job-shifting and unnecessary lay-offs, speeded construction. Shipyard workers now number more than a million but next year we’ll need to have a million and a half to complete a 27-billion-dollar ship-construction program—a figure equal to the United States public debt in 1934. Our ship production already is greater than that of all other nations combined.
Further mileage cuts
Land transportation, especially by vehicles using gasoline and rubber tires, remains a major problem. Operators of newspaper delivery trucks, motor carriers, and tank trucks in local service have been told they must make further cuts in their mileage by reducing deliveries. Automobiles and tires, whether in storage or Th use, need careful upkeep these days. Owners of commercial vehicles who are allowed new tires for essential operations must have them checked every 5,000 miles or every 60 days. And • all drivers are expected to drive as little as possible, keep to the 35-mile maximum speed limit, be sure tires are properly inflated, share their cars with others.
Many items on way out
After the first of the year we may expect further heavy cuts in the output of civilian goods, saving materials, labor, and plant facilities for war. Already countless oddly assorted products and wares have stopped coming off the assembly lines, or have had their composition altered to save metals and other substances. Articles in which no iron ’ or steel may be used range from awning frames to voting machines and wardrobe trunks, include such various things as bathtubs, B-B shot, croquet sets, fireplace screens, pet cages, skates, and household tongs.
To stop making an article or to limit its production involves relatively little bookkeeping for producers and paper work for Government. But when national stocks of scarce materials are to be equitably distributed, or rationed, it is another story. To set up gasoline rationing for 20 million additional motorists involves printing 60 million ration books and some 160 million copies of various forms and regulations.
Nor is the consumer’s job always easy. People using fuel-oil furnaces must determine how much fuel oil they bought last year and must measure the total square foot area of their homes before they can receive oil ration coupons.
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October 13,1942
AGRICULTURE...
Total food production has hit limit, Agriculture Department believes, urges conservation to meet rising demands
Although record yields in 1942 are expected to push the Nation’s crop production beyond the all-time peak of 1937, thé Department of Agriculture warned last week that the demand has increased even more than production. For practically every food other than wheat, the Department warned, military and Lend-Lease requirements have grown, so large that consumers may not be able to purchase the increased quantities their rising incomes would permit in time of peace.
Looking ahead to 1943, the Department expressed its opinion that total farm production this year is the maximum We can plan for in the coming year. But within this total capacity, shifts are foreseen to get more of the crops needed most, and less of crops not essential to war. To match this year’s total production, farmers will have to overcome more serious handicaps in regard to shortages of labor, materials, and equipment, and the weather will have to be favorable, as it was in 1942.
The food outlook
Earlier, Secretary Wickard had warned that we may have to revise our ideas about foods to be available in the next few months, and hold back for the future some supplies not necessary to good diet. . The Department said that the present harvest assures the Nation food enough, and enough feed for livestock, to fill mili-^tary requirements and take care of the needs of the civilian population. But, because of transportation and processing difficulties, war requirements for special products, and the necessity for conserving supplies against emergencies, consumers need not expect supplies equivalent to what their incomes would buy.
Food production up
In its monthly summary of the agricultural situation, issued last week, the Department showed marketing, processing, and distribution facilities as operating at capacity, preparing the record farm production for military, Lend-Lease, and civilian use.
Food crops, including wheat, rice, fruits, vegetables, and sugar, all approach
bit of this year’s production, and to concentrate all of our future efforts on production, processing, and distribution of foods that are absolutely essential.
“It may be necessary to revise some of our ideas about the supplies of food that will be available to American consumers in the next few months, including the foods of which we appear to have comfortably large domestic supplies. It is no longer wise to subtract probable military and Lend-Lease needs from total supplies and say that the remainder is what civilians will get this year. We must begin at once to hold back supplies that are not needed now to maintain good diet levels. The time to conserve food is while you still have something to conserve.”
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Agriculture boards to help farm trucks get certificates
The facilities of the 3,022 County War Boards of the United States Department of Agriculture will be used to assist farm truck operators, and other operators who engage in hauling farm supplies to and from farms, in filling out applications for Certificates of War Necessity under ODT General Order No. 21, it was announced October 6. The plan, announced jointly by ODT and the Department of Agriculture, will make this assistance available 3 days this month— October 22, 23, and 24.
All commercial motor vehicles are required to carry Certificates of War Necessity after November 15. The certificates will govern the miles that may be operated and the loads that must be carried by all vehicles affected by the order.
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Canned poultry buying finished till late 1943
On the basis of present requests from the allies of this .country, it is probable that no further purchases of canned . boned chicken and canned boned turkey will be made before the fall of 1943, the U. S. Department of Agriculture has announced. Since September 1941 when the first purchases were made for Lend-Lease, AMA has bought more than 5,640,-000 pounds of canned boned ' chicken and 1,275,000 pounds of canned boned turkey.
or exceed past records. The largest quantities of feed in history are being stored to support this season’s livestock production. Cattle are going to feed lots in record volume, and the biggest run of hogs ever marketed is just beginning. Production of all livestock continues at peak levels. Oilseed crops will keep the Nation’s crushing plants busy as never before, turning out record supplies of vegetable oils and high-protein feed.
Meat supply increases
Due to the ample supplies of feed available for livestock, price ratios favor heavy feeding and hogs and poultry are being marketed at heavy weights. Range and short-fed cattle are going to slaughter in good condition. With sheep and lamb slaughter expected to be about as large as last fall, the aggregate meat supply will be at a high record to meet war demands.
z These demands, however, will strain the supply, and Secretary of Agriculture Wickard has asked poultrymen to increase the production of chickens to replace about a fifth of the anticipated shortage of meat for civilians which may develop this winter or early spring.
In line with the Department of Agriculture’s report was the statement of Chairman Nelson of WPB at his press conference on October 1.
“In the main,” he said, “we have had this year the best harvest we have ever had. This has been an unusual cropgrowing year. So, the situation doesn’t look particularly acute in the near future.”
Wickard urges food conservation
Calling attention to the record crop production this year, but pointing out that the favorable weather conditions, among other factors, had helped us achieve it, Secretary of Agriculture . Wickard, speaking before the National Association of.Food Chains in Chicago, September 22, urged the American people to conserve food products against emergencies that may arise.
“I am convinced that the only way we can provide enough food to win the war,” the Secretary said, “is to conserve every
October 13,1942
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Free French face cuts in meager rations as Nazis raid larder
Spokesmen for Free French representatives in Washington October 8, expressed frank concern over advices they have just received predicting severe food shortages in occupied and unoccupied France during the coming winter.
At the beginning of a fourth winter of war the French people face a new reduction of their already meager rations. The cause: poor crops and increased demands on the part of the Germans.
Not only is the wheat crop under the production of last year but the Germans have this year increased by 60 percent their 1941 wheat demands.
Butter production also is well under the average and the French larder is short of fats.
Nor is that all. Condensed milk is going for the greater part to the German army. It is feared this winter not enough of that milk will be left for French babies.
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Canned herring to supplement Nation’s meat diet in 1943
Hope for a 1943 pack of 1,000,000 cases of canned large Maine sea herring, not previously produced in quantity because of unsatisfactory preservation methods, was expressed October 5 by Fishery Coordinator Ickes.
Experimental packs of this species, the smaller members of which are canned as Maine sardines, have been put up for export and have proved satisfactory. More than 100,000 cases had been packed by mid-September.
The million-case p a c k—30,000,000 pounds—will be purchased almost entirely by the Federal Government. The result of the new experiment, the Coordinator indicated, will result in an increase of 30,000,000 pounds of protein food to supplement the Nation’s wartime meat diet.
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Sardine catch to be allocated among West Coast canners
Machinery to allocate the pilchard catch (sardines) among canners or other processors at San Francisco, Monterey, Los Angeles harbor and other ports is set up by Amendment No. 1 to Conservation Order M-206, issued September 30 by the director general for operations.
Getting through
U.S. FOODS REACHING ALLIES
Deliveries to the United Nations, reported October 7 by the Department of Agriculture, show that American food is getting through to Russia in greater quantities. Russians may be eating a new American cereal—a quick-cooking mixture of rolled oats, soya flakes, dry skim milk, and sugar grown, processed, and packaged here, yet labeled in strange Russian characters—for August shipments of grains and cereals brought the delivered total up to 187 million pounds.
Pork largest item
Pork, canned, cured, and frozen, Is the largest single item listed by the Agricultural Marketing Administration as delivered to all the United Nations. The 75,439,000 pounds delivered in August brought the total on Lend-Lease pork deliveries, since April 1941 to 941,715,750 pounds, in addition to more than 600 million pounds of lard. Nearly a billion pounds of fruits and vegetables, too, have been delivered, including 224,715,069
Flour production sped by raising ceilings to conform with sales contracts
Maximum prices for flour will be the highest levels at which each individual seller contracted to sell during the September 28-October 2 base period, rather than the top price at which flour deliveries actually were made during that same time, the OPA ruled October 8.
Mills get relief
This upward adjustment, ranging from 10 to 15 percent in the temporary ceilings for flour from wheat, corn, rye, and also for cornmeal, hominy, and hominy grits, will permit continued functioning of the milling industry, which otherwise would have found it impossible to mill flour from wheat at present prices. The change is made in Amendment No. 1 to Temporary Maximum Price Regulation No. 22, effective October 8.
To avoid shortage
Flour inventories generally are kept to about 15 days’ supply. Therefore, any reduction in deliveries would have caused a shortage to develop quickly at all levels of consumption.
pounds of dry beans, and 102,335,452 pounds of canned tomatoes.
Vitamin products, not long ago measured in pill-sized quantities, are now being shipped overseas in hundreds and thousands of pounds. In August alone, AMA delivered more than 155,000 pounds of Vitamin A, extracted from fish livers and so precious that it goes to the dock under heavy guard, to fortify food for Allied fighters and give that night sight so necessary to successful raiding. Deliveries of synthetically produced thiamin hydrochloride, the nerve-steadying member of the B complex, have totaled 5,738 pounds. Deliveries also include 9,330 pounds of ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C, plus thousands of pounds of sorbose and ketogulonic acid, important raw materials from which infection resisting Vitamin C is made.
Other large August deliveries include 13,076,000 pounds of canned fish, 12,440,-000 pounds of cheese, 11,726,000 pounds of dry skim milk, and 3,870,000 pounds of strawberry pulp.
Flours made from wheat, rye, and corn closely follow costs of their raw material. However, the price at which they are being delivered at any particular time has no relationship to the raw material market at that same time. Contracts for sale often are made 1 to 6 months prior to delivery. In times of rising raw material markets, deliveries often may be made at prices lower than those which a seller now would enter into a contract for sale.
During the past 90 days, wheat grades used in largest volume for flour have increased substantially with corresponding Increases in the price of flour.
A similar situation prevails in the case of corn and rye. Thus, sellers’ contract prices, based on raw material costs during the base period, were substantially above prices at which these products simultaneously were being delivered.
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MORE PRICE NEWS, PAGES 18 TO 23
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October 13,1942
MANPOWER...
Nelson, Wickard, McNutt, and Davis give their views on manpower problem
Donald M, Nelson, WPB Chairman, said last week that we could equip an army of 10,000,000 men, but he made it plain that the question of keeping an army of that size equipped depended on timing and available manpower.
The whole matter, he said, is under discussion and a decision may be expected “soon.”
The question of service legislation
In testifying earlier before a subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee, Mr. Nelson said:
“I think appropriate legislation is going to have to be passed in the form of a national selective service so that men can be directed into spots where they are needed.
“I would much prefer, of course, to see that done, here in the United States, in as democratic manner as possible—vol-untarily, if it can be. But I should like to point out to you that our over-all program is of such tremendous size that it is really beyond the concept of man, the thing that we are trying to do. It is going to have to change as strategy changes.
“And it is going to be necessary that we make changes and make them quickly, without delay. To do that, there will have to be the power to switch manpower to meet the emergency situations as they arise; to take care of places where the draft necessarily reduces the amount of manpower; to be able to build up production as in the case of Willow Run. There is a great deal of difficulty in building up the necessary force at Willow Run to make the number of heavy bombers which we feel that plant should make. And you can begin to see the creaks and groans of the economy in manpower now, just as we saw it 6 or 8 months ago in material, because of the very nature of the problem that we as a Nation are trying to undertake, in getting ready to lick the Axis Powers.”
When questioned at his press conferences regarding this testimony, Mr. Nelson said it will “speak for itself.”
Davis asks clear policy
Elmer Davis, Director of OWI, when he appeared before the House Appropriations Committee, warned that the manpower problem could “get away from
us” unless something is done about it soon.
Describing OWI’s interest in the problem, Mr. Davis said:
“It is not our business to make a policy but we have got to explain it, and we are doing our best to persuade the agen-
THIS SYMPOSIUM
contains views expressed several days or more before the President’s speech Monday night, which was expected in some quarters to touch on the manpower problem. Readers should bear this fact in mind.
cies that we have got to get something which we can make intelligent.”
McNutt thinks legislation imperative
Chairman Paul V. McNutt of the War Manpower Commission told the House Appropriations Committee that he considered the enactment of national service legislation “imperative.”
Asked if he recommended mandatory distribution of labor to essential activities, Mr. McNutt said:
"I have said before, and I repeat it here, that I feel some kind of national service legislation is imperative; not that it will ever be necessary to use compulsion. It has been the British experience, because they have had such power from the beginning, that it was not necessary to use it. The very existence of the power made it possible to bring about proper allocations. That power does not exist here today. We have had to work by agreement and by persuasion.”
In his testimony before the Truman Committee September 30, Mr. McNutt described the urgency of the manpower situation.
The latest estimate of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau o£ Employment Security indicates that 62.5 million people will be employed in industry and the armed forces by,December 1943, he said. If it proves necessary to expand the armed forces beyond 9 million, we may need a labor force of 65 million by the end of 1943, he declared. If requirements of even 62.5 million are met, about 5 million people will have to enter or remain in the labor force who would not
ers will come from women not now employed, from young people still in school, from older workers, and possibly from certain groups in agriculture.
Mr. McNutt summed up his testimony before the Truman Committee with these words :
“It is not yet certain how soon the Manpower Commission will recommend legislation to the President, or what form the recommendation .will take. It is my considered judgment, however, based on the best available knowledge of the manpower situation, that some type of national service legislation will be necessary to win the war.”
Wickard sees farm labor shortage
The farm labor situation was described as “serious” by Secretary of Agriculture Claude R. Wickard when he appeared before the House Committee on Agriculture September 23.
Pointing out that the record production on the farms this year was due to a combination of circumstances, including favorable weather, Secretary Wickard warned against “complacency” in considering the farm labor problem. The farms are constantly losing workers to the armed forces and to industry, he said, and by 1943 this loss will begin to have a serious effect on agricultural production.
“Assuming an army of 8 million men,” he said, “it is estimated agriculture will lose 1 million persons from its working force between July 1, 1942, and July 1, 1943. By the end of the 1943 harvest season, the total drain on agriculture will, of course, increase proportionately. Not all of those who leave the farm will go into the army. About one half will go into the army and the other half into industry. The only hope for agriculture is to try to replace the experienced workers with women, older people, children, and other inexperienced and less competent workers. And even then agriculture must expect to come out second best in many cases because industry will compete for this type,of labor.
“Remember that these are conservative estimates on the basis of an 8-million man army. Step the 8 million up to 10 and the problem facing agriculture is just that much more severe.”
Mr. Wickard recommended transporting city workers to the farms, training of inexperienced workers, employment of women and young people in agriculture, and the retention, so far as possible, of experienced managers on the farms.
October 13,1942
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Seamen:
TORPEDOED, BOMBED, OR SHELLED? JOIN THE CLUB!
Formation of a club for seamen of the United States Merchant Marine who have survived enemy action was announced October 9 by the War Shipping Administration. The purpose of the club is to provide recognition by the Government for men who have been torpedoed, bombed; shelled, or shipwrecked in the war zones.
Many of these heroes have been forced to take to the lifeboats time after time, WSA commented, but when they reach port again they head for the nearest shipping office.
"You bet I’m going back to sea,” has become the seaman’s slogan.
The new club will have no rules, no officers, no dues, and no obligations other than to foster good fellowship and patriotic effort among merchant seamen. Membership will be optional with those eligible, and will include both officers and seamen. Seamen applying for membership are instructed to give the name of the vessel upon which they have served; their license number or seaman’s identification number; and their present address. All correspondence should be addressed to Frank Rusk, War Shipping Administration, Washington, D. C., who will be executive secretary.
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THE BETHLEHEM-FAIRFIELD Shipyard, Inc., at Baltimore, Md., on Saturday, October 10, received its second merit award for continued excellence in ship production.
More men and still more
APPRENTICE TRAINING DOUBLED
WAR PRODUCTION DEMANDS have almost doubled the number of approved apprenticeship programs during the past 12 months, Chairman McNutt of the War Manpower Commission, announced October 7. He said the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship, a management-labor committee which has been advising the Federal Government on apprenticeship matters for 8 years, had approved 908 apprenticeship programs since October 1941.
Many craft programs approved
STATISTICS' of the Apprentice-Training Service of the War Manpower Commission show 1,974 approved programs now in effect as against 1,066 reported a year ago. Of the total in effect, 1,086 are programs to meet the specific training requirements of individual establishments, * most of which are pro-, ducing war materials or those essential to civilian industries or services. The remaining 888 are trade programs, covering the training of apprentices in a recognized craft within a city or other specific geographical area. During the past year 241 craft programs, slightly
First hero medal goes to seaman who saved 6 off torpedoed tanker
The first award of the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal was made to Edwin F. Cheney, Jr., a 25-year-old seaman from Yeadon, Pa., Admiral Emory S. Land, chairman of the United States Maritime Commission, announced. President Roosevelt presented the medal to Cheney at the White House October 8.
Cheney was at the wheel of the Atlantic Refining Co. tanker John D. Gill when it was struck by a torpedo amidships on the starboard side on the night of March 12. It was quickly apparent that the ship was doomed and Capt. Allen D. Tucker, master of the vessel, gave the order to abandon ship. Realizing that it was impossible to use the lifeboats, Cheney released the port life raft, which shot out and drifted 200 feet from the vessel through the burning oil. After urging several of his shipmates to follow him. Cheney jumped into the water and swam under water to the raft, coming' up only to breathe.
more than one-third of the total, were approved.
Machine training leads
PROGRAMS conforming to the minimum standards advocated by the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship are now found, the chairman said, in 45 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii. Covered are more than 50 apprenticeable trades.
THE GREATEST single advance reported for one industry was for machinery and machine tools establishments. Of the 465 approved programs now on the books, 273 were approved since October last year.
IN OTHER KEY war industries, 170 of the 257 metal founding and fabricating, 23 of the 46 aircraft and airline, and 9 of the 17 shipbuilding programs have been approved during the past 12 months.
FORTY NEW carpenters and millmen craft programs have been added during the past year boosting the total for the country to 151. Other conspicuous gains have been in craft programs for electricians from 66 to 100, and for plumbers and steamfitters from 112 to 144.
He was badly burned about the head and arms. Acting with coolness and judgment at all times, Cheney called directions and guided at least six others to the raft.
Cheney was ready to go to sea again when he received word to come to Washington.
Cheney was born at Scotia, N. Y., and lived there until his family moved 15 years ago to Yeadon, a suburb of Philadelphia. He is married and has one child.
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Sailors exempt from ration rules in buying rubber boots
Members of the crew of an ocean-going vessel operating in foreign, coastwise, or intercoastal trade may purchase rubber boots or heavy rubber workshoes from their ship’s slop-chest without getting a rationing certificate, the OPA announced October 6.
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October 13,1942
Jr BiiBKBBi-RB Can’t buy copper for its weight in gold
B. BlBS' B* B.	unless it’s to keep U. S. alive and fighting
Every pound of copper available currently is going into direct military orders, shipments to our Allies, or into the most essential industrial uses bearing preference ratings of A-l-a or higher, H. O. King, chief of the copper branch, said October 4.
Record supply isn’t enough
Current copper supply, in excess of 200,000 tons per month, is the largest in the country’s history. Domestic mine and smelter production is larger than ever before, imports exceed any previous year, and scrap collections are at a new high. Approximately 31 percent of this year’s total copper supply will come from old and reprocessed mill scrap.
The extreme tightness of the copper situation is demonstrated by the fact that copper currently used for domestic electric systems, communications, industrial motors and fittings, chemical plants, and all of the thousands of industrial and essential civilian purposes which must be met is much less than one-fifth of our total supply. Copper scarcity is further reflected by the recent announcement of the copper branch that even brass and wire mills and foundries would be allotted no copper of any kind, including scrap, except on preference ratings of A-l-a and higher.
The following figures show how the copper industry has responded to war needs, beginning with exports for military purposes to Europe in 1939:
TOTAL UNITED STATES COPPER SUPPLY BY YEARS
Including domestic production, scrap and imports (in short tons)
•	1939 _______________________ 1,525,500
1940 _____i.___________________ 1,913, 800
1941___________________________ 2, 467,100
1942_______________.___________ 1 2, 571, 700
1	Estimate.
The United States always has been the largest producer, and the largest consumer, of copper. Despite our overwhelming superiority in copper production, we have leaned heavily on imports.
How we stand compared to others
The last year for which complete figures are available, 1938, shows how we
STEPS BY U. S. TO ROUND UP URGENTLY NEEDED MATERIALS
GOLD MINES CLOSED to free labor for copper, zinc. Page 9.
IDLE STOCKS of iron and steel sought from 200,000 possible holders. Page 10.
SPECIFlCATIONSlor buildings changed to save steel. Page 11.
SALVAGE enters new stage as 30 million school children comb Nation for war metals. Page 32.
stood with respect to the rest of the world:
SMELTER PRODUCTION
	Metric tons
United States			 570,773
Canada			215,732
Chili			 337,508
Germany		—		 70,000
Russia			 114,552
Yugoslavia			 41,993
Japan				 102,000
Africa			353,861
Australia			 17,372
Other					 117,209
With United States copper supply this year greater than the whole world in 1938, it is clear that, badly as we need copper, we still are far out in front of the Axis powers.
Steel is being substituted for brass in some ammunition today in an attempt to take some of the pressure off copper.
War increases demand
There is just one reason why we must have nearly five times as much copper this year as our mines produced in 1938. That reason can be found by examining the material being used to fight this war.
A medium tank takes almost a half ton of copper; one type of scout car, 150 pounds. One type of fighter plane uses over 800 pounds, and the big Flying Fortress uses over a ton and a half of copper. A battleship uses two million pounds of copper. All these are front-line fighting tools. We must have them in great quantities, and they cannot be built without copper. That is where our copper is going.
Ammunition is one of the largest users of copper. The shell casing on every shell from a .30-caliber bullet to a big 105 mm. shell is made of brass—30 percent zinc and 70 percent copper. Modern warfare burns up ammunition at a rate never before dreamed of.
The copper situation can be summed up withthe statement that it is quite pos- \ sible that copper supply will determine the amount of munitions and war material that we can produce in some of the major categories.
Our attack on the critical copper situation has several spearheads. First of all, we have increased production tremendously—more than doubled it since 1938, in fact. Then, we are importing as much as we can. Two other war measures are the severe restriction of nonessential uses, and the substitution of other materials for copper wherever possible.
FROM OVERSEAS
We will receive larger amounts of copper than ever from some of our Good Neighbors to the south, principally Chile, Peru, and Mexico, and from Africa and Canada. Our copper problem is the problem of all the United Nations. We must expect that some of our copper will have to be sent to others, and it is possible that some of the copper we now get from Canada will, in a few months, have to be sent to Great Britain.
NONMILITARY USES
Some nonmilitary uses of copper are essential and must be continued. Light and power for industry and housing must be provided, communications must be maintained, and a few other uses without which our society could not operate are being taken care of in a limited way.
Aside from these, you could not legally buy a pound of copper with an equal weight of gold! Restrictions on copper use for nonessentials are being enforced by WPB General Conservation Order M-9-c and other orders so that no copper may be used now without specific authorization of WPB.
In industry, many ways are being found to substitute other materials for
October 13, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
9
critical copper. Silver is being used in some electrical equipment, revisions of brass specifications are being made even in Army and Navy munitions to conserve copper, and other switches to less critical metals are being made wherever possible. Simplification! of pipe fittings by WPB saves enough copper in a year to put the rotating bands on a million 14-inch shells.
OUR LAST RESORT
A vast mine of copper exists in this country,.the-obtaining of which can be speeded by every American. That mine is unused scrap and waste copper. By collecting old scrap and channeling it back into production, we hope to make available this year an additional 300,000 to 400,000 tons of copper.
One part of this program is the activity of Copper Recovery Corporation, which acts as an agent of Metals Reserve Co. buying up stocks of unused copper and brass, and even fabricated products made of these metals, which are not being used in essential war work.
★ ★ ★
Priestly named to alloy unit
Appointment of William J. Priestly, vice president of the Electro Metallurgical Company, New York City, as chief of the WPB alloy steels unit of the iron and steel branch was announced October 5 by Hiland G. Batcheller, chief of the branch.
A. Oram Fulton, who has been chief of the alloys unit, will assist Mr. Batcheller in connection with general steel distribution problems.
Gold mines ordered to halt production, releasing men for copper, other metals
In order to make manpower available for mining operations more essential to the war program, an order requiring gold mines to cease operations at the earliest possible date, and at the latest to stop breaking out new ore within 7 days, was issued October 8 at the direction of the WPB.
When the mines have been put on a "stand-by” basis, it is estimated, 3,000 to 4,000 men will be freed for other work. About 20 percent of these are miners and muckers, and WPB calculated last week that for every gold miner who turns-to copper, nearly 4 tons a month will be added to our supply of that urgently needed war material. Proportionate increases also were envisioned when some men go into zinc, molybdenum, and other nonferrous mines.
The order (L-208) covers all mines in which gold is produced except those to which serial numbers have been assigned under Preference Rating Order P-56 because they produce substantial amounts
Commission will help men transfer from closed gold mines to war metals
Gold mine production and maintenance workers, released by WPB order L-208 closing gold mines, will be given positive and immediate aid in finding work in copper and other vital nonferrous industries, Chairman McNutt of the War Manpower Commission announced October 8.
Transportation expense for workers and in some instances their families will be provided where transfers to new locations are involved, Mr. McNutt said.
As a further measure to relieve manpower shortages that have reduced essential metal output, Mr. McNutt also issued instructions to employers not to "hire in, or hire for work in, Alaska or any State west of the Mississippi River, any person who on or after October 7, has left employment as a production or maintenance worker in connection with gold mining, except upon referral of such worker to such employer by the United States Employment Service.”
The directive also Instructs the U. S. Employment Service to refer gold mine
of other scarce metals needed for war uses.
In addition to the prohibition against breaking out new ore after October 15, the order provides that all operations at the mines affected must stop within 60 days, except for minimum upkeep.
Lode mines which produced less than 1,200 tons of commercial ore in 1941, and placer mines which treated less than 1,000 cubic yards of material in that year are exempt from provisions of the order. Such mines may not hereafter produce or treat more than 100 tons of ore or 100 cubic yards of material a month, respectively.
Mills, machine shops, or other facilities of the mines closed by the order may continue to be used in the manufacture of articles to be delivered on preference ratings of A-l-k or higher, or in milling ores for the holder of a serial number under P-56.
The order applies to territories and possessions as well as to the continental United States.
production or maintenance workers to essential nonferrous metal mining, milling, smelting, and refining activities. Exceptions to this instruction may be made when referrals are in the best interests of the war effort, and when denials of referral would result in undue hardship for the individual.
Worker’s best interests considered
“The directive applies the principles of the policy worked out with the National Management-Labor Policy Committee of the War Manpower Commission,” Mr. McNutt pointed out, “and provides fair opportunity for dissatisfied workers and employers to present their cases before local area War Manpower Committees for reconsideration.
“Every effort will be made to consider the worker’s best interests in making referrals to more vital jobs,” he said.
“Copper and other industries producing essential metals are all in urgent need of experienced workers,” Mr. McNutt added. “We urge miners and other workers displaced by the order closing the gold mines to apply at their nearest U. S. Employment Service office at once.”
10
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October 13,1942
U. S. questioning 200,000 about idle stocks of steel, needed for war production
First step in the WPB’s huge steel recovery program, involving the purchase and redistribution of millions of tons of iron and steel products, was taken October 7 with the mailing by the Steel Recovery Corporation of the first of 200,000 inventory certification forms to known and presumed holders of steel stocks rendered idle or excessive as the result of WPB orders and regulations-
One-page sheets
The report forms now being mailed are simple one-page sheets on which recipients will indicate whether they hold steel inventories and, if so, the types of iron and steel of which they consist. Following receipt of this information, WPB will mail detailed questionnaire forms to cover each type reported, together with schedules of prices to be paid by the Government for material needed for the war effort.
The forms now being mailed-must be completed and returned to WPB, c/o Steel Recovery Corporation, 5835 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pa., not later than 5 days after their receipt by the firms to which they are addressed.
To sell to qualified users
Officials of WPB’s materials redistribution branch emphasized the immediate need of steel in war industries, and pointed out that owners are permitted by Priorities Regulation No. 13 to sell directly to qualified users. They urged that those holding needed materials in idle or excessive inventories institute an - immediate and intensive hunt for such customers.
In cases of direct sale, the owner receives the going price for his property and war industry benefits by speedy delivery of material which can be used in its present form. In this connection, it was pointed out that while Government prices will be considerably above scrap prices, they will not equal the Value of fabricated material, if the material must be remelted before it can take its place in the war effort. Scrap metal, as such, will not be purchased by the Government and should be disposed of through authorized dealers.
The Steel Recovery Corporation, organized for the purpose last August, will carry out the purchase and redistribu-
U. S. frees materials to rework old oil wells, increase supply in Pacific war area
California operators now are author-_ ized to use materials to rehabilitate old oil wells under certain conditions in specified fields as a result of a WPB order issued October 8 upon recommendation of the Office of Petroleuin'Coordinator for War.
The order, Supplementary Conservation Order No. M-68-3, will make materials available for the rehabilitation of several hundred wells in 84 designated fields in the Los Angeles Basin, San Joaquin Valley, and Santa Barbara-Ventura regions, on patterns closer than the minimum 40-acre spacing permitted under M-68.
“California is our only source of petroleum supply west of the Rocky Mountains,” said Deputy Coordinator Davies. “The necessity for increasing the supply in a location so strategic from the stand-» point of the war in the Pacific area is paramount;
“The quickest way in which this demand can be met without large expenditure of critical materials is through a program of reworking the many wells susceptible of rehabilitation.”
The original M-68 order, requiring 40-acre spacing (except in cases where specific exceptions are obtained) still applies to the other 150 oil pools in California, Mr. Davies emphasized.
★	★ ★
Hacksaw blade sales
Sale of low-alloy steel hacksaw blades which are used in ordinary hand frames is permitted in an amendment (No. 1) to General Preference Order E-7, issued October 6 by the WPB.
★	★ ★
WPB announces new health, safety supplies branch
The safety and technical equipment ' branch has been consolidated with the health supplies branch, the WPB announced October 3.
The new combined branch will be known as the health, safety and technical supplies branch. Francis M. Shields, formerly chief of the health supplies i branch is chief of the combined branch.
George W. Angell, formerly deputy chief of the safety and technical equipment branch, has been named deputy chief under Mr. Shields.
tion program arranged by WPB and, as agent for Metals Reserve Company, will handle all fiscal matters involved.in the thousands of transactions.
★ ★ ★
Ban lifted on use of carpet wools for floor coverings
Over 30,000,000 pounds of previously restricted carpet wools were released for the manufacture of floor coverings October 9 by the WPB.
Floor-covering manufacturers had been prohibited from using this wool in the belief that it could be adapted for the manufacture of clothing. However, only a very small part of these fibers were consumed by the apparel industry during the period they were restricted for apparel use.
Consumption quotas unchanged
" The action rescinding the previous restriction was taken in an amendment (No. 2) to Order M-73, as amended, the Wool Conservation Order. While the bulk of the carpet wool can now be used in the manufacture of floor coverings, it was emphasized that the consumption quotas set up by M-73 for carpet wool are not changed.
A few of the better types of carpet wool still are restricted to use by apparel manufacturers. These include: Persian Gulf fleece, New Zealand fleece, Criolla, Joria, and Thibet number one white.
★	★ ★
“Second” grade cloth banned for officers’ uniforms
Cloth which has been graded as “second,” or which has been rejected by any Government agency or department, can not be used by manufacturers for production of officers’ uniforms, the WPB textile, clothing, and leather branch emphasized October 8.
★	★ ★
APPOINTMENT
Appointment of Ross E. Jones, Jr., as chief of the newly formed transportation and distribution section of the WPB food branch, was announced October 9 by Douglas C. Townson, chief of the branch.
October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
11
Specifications for reinforced concrete buildings issued to save steel for war
National emergency specifications for the design of reinforced concrete buildings were established October 5 by the WPB.
In WPB Directive No. 9, signed by Chairman Nelson, it is ordered that a manual of specifications apply to and govern the use of reinforcing steel for all buildings which are constructed, financed or approved by governmental agencies on cofitracts placed after December 4, 1942.
Economies in reinforcing steel
The allowable compressive unit stresses in concrete have been reduced, thus requiring larger structural members, with corresponding reductions in the amount of reinforcing steel needed. Further economy in the use of reinforcing steel is obtained by increasing the allowable unit tensile stress from 18,000 pounds per square inch to 20,000 pounds per square inch for structural grade bars and from 20,000 pounds per square inch to 24,000 pounds per square inch for intermediate and hard grade bars.
It is estimated that the use of these specifications will result in a saving of about 25 percent of the amount of reinforcing steel entering into building construction. The annual savings, it is estimated, may run between 150,000 and 250,000 net tons.
Certificates of compliance
Agencies undertaking or approving wartime construction are directed to obtain from the person in charge of the design of each building a certificate to the effect that he has complied with the emergency specifications. In cases where forms PD-200 and PD-200-A must be filed with WPB in order to obtain authorization to begin construction, this certificate should be filed.with the forms.
Although the effective date is December 4, the agencies are empowered to put the directive into immediate effect, wherever possible. Where contracts have already been placed or will be placed before the December 4 deadline, Mr. Nelson directed that they should be reviewed by the sponsoring agencies promptly and changes made in accordance with the emergency specifications unless such changes will result in a substantial delay in the war effort.
Auto industry gave 95 percent of effort to direct war work in July, WPB reports
The automotive industry devoted 95.1 percent of its efforts to direct war work in July, R. L. Vaniman, chief, automotive branch, WPB, announced October 6. This is an increase of 3.5 percent over June, and an increase of 14.8 percent over May of this year.
These figures are derived from employment data covering 396 plants owned by 133 companies: 7 automobile manufacturers; 11 truck companies; and 115 parts producers. This group of companies is the one for which comparative statistics long have been gathered, and represents over 68 percent of the entire industry.
	May	June	July	August
Total wage earners....		 Total man-hours		542,380 106,008,000 85,176,000 80.3	•576,008 114,176,000 104,621,000 91.6	605,264 125,246,000 119,160,000 95.1	641,575
Man-hours war work	L—				
Percentage war work						
				
Steel, iron makers get higher repair ratings
Producers of iron and steel, ferro-alloys and blast-furnace coke will be permitted to use higher ratings during the fourth quarter for repair and maintenance supplies, it was announced October 3 by the director general for operations.
Such producers may apply ratings of AA-2X for operating material consisting of fabricated metal parts, lumber and all metals—ferrous and nonferrous— appearing on the revised materials list of Form PD-25A. Ratings of A-l-a may be applied to all other operating material.
May be applied in advance
These ratings may be applied by producers in advance of receipt of PRP certificates for the fourth quarter.
Smaller producers, and Canadian producers who have not yet been brought under PRP, were granted the use of the same ratings by Preference Rating Order P-68, as amended.}
* « *
TINY LEAD SEALS for the covers of meter boxes were saved by meter repairmen in Fairmont, W. Va., who turned in 42 pounds of precious lead scrap.
Total shipments, including shipments of parts by subcontractors to prime contractors, rose for another consecutive month in July, reaching a total of $540,-979,000. This compares with $494,113,000 in June and $427,598,000 in May. Shipments from prime contractors .only amounted to $332,307,000 In July.
The figures also indicate the extent to which employment of women is increasing in automotive plants. This group of companies, representing 68 percent of the industry, had 40,667 women wage earners in May, 52,135 in June and 59,700 in August.
Growth in war output of the automotive industry is shown by these employment figures:
Use of nickel restricted to implements of war
Use of nickel, except where specifically authorized by the director general for operations, was restricted by the WPB October 3 to implements of war and other products certified by the Army-Navy Munitions Board to be essential in the successful prosecution of the war. This tightening of control over nickel is contained in a revision of Conservation Order M-6-b. .
Implements of war defined
Implements of war are defined as com-bat-end products, complete for tactical operations. The purchase includes aircraft, ammunition, armament, ships, tanks, and other military vehicles, and parts to be incorporated in such implements. The term does not include facilities or equipment to be used in the manufacture of such items.
The amended order also contains a rephrased provision relating to the use of nickel, under permission by the director general for operations, for products not appearing on the prohibited list. No substantial change in control is involved here, the section being rewritten only for the purpose of clarity.
12
★ VICTORY ★
October 13,1942
Operating supplies for firms outside PRP provided by amendment to priority rules
Priorities Regulations Nos. 3, 11, and 12, governing the extension of preference ratings, use of ratings by companies under the Production Requirements Plan, and reratings have been amended in several important respects.
Under Regulation No. 3 as now amended, a more flexible procedure is provided for the extension of preference ratings to obtain operating supplies by companies not under the Production Requirement Plan. A corresponding amendment has been made in Regulation No. 12. Under these amendments, the former restriction which allowed the extension of ratings only for such opera-ing supplies as would be actually consumed in processing production materials to which the same ratings were applied, is removed. The new regulations provide simply that a person who is not a PRP unit may extend ratings for operating supplies in any month up to 10 percent of the cost of production materials to which the same ratings are extended during the month.
Operating supplies defined
Items for repair of production machinery (but not of building) are included in the definition of operating supplies. The new definition includes materials such as small hand tools which are generally considered operating supplies but which were excluded under the old provisions. The new regulations also permit extension of ratings for operating supplies in cases where the customer provides the materials to be processed.
Under Regulation No. 11 as amended, companies operating under the Production Requirements Plan are given the privilege of extending ratings served on them instead of using the ratings assigned on their PRP certificates to obtain materials which are not included in the materials list accompanying the PRP application.
Priorities Regulation No. 12 as amended cancels the permission formerly granted PRP units to revise their own “rating pattern” twice a month on the basis of the ratings appearing on their unfilled orders. This change becomes effective for each PRP unit when it receives its PRP certificate for the fourth
Armstrong heads branch for foreign requirements
Thomas R. Armstrong, associate head of the producing department of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, October 5 was appointed chief of the WPB foreign requirements liaison branch.
The branch has just been created in the program coordination division, which itself was established to recommend an integrated over-all national program to WPB’s vice chairman on program determination.
Mr. Armstrong, who begins work immediately, will maintain liaison with the BEW, Lend-Lease, and all other agencies concerned with foreign purchases or requirements. In addition, he will review all other purchases by, or on behalf of all foreign governments, following and expediting the preparation and presentation of their requirements estimates to meet the specifications and time schedule of the program coordination division.
★	★ ★
WPB tightens control over tung, oiticica, rapeseed oils
Tightened control over three imported oils—tung, oiticica and rapeseed—was ordered October 6 by the director general for operations.
The new order, amending M-57, requires specific authorization of the director to use tung oil after November 1, except for users of 35 pounds or less in a month.
Controls over oiticica and rapeseed oils follow the controls set up for tung oil.
The standard chemical forms PD-600 and PD-601 are provided for requests for allocations for all three oils and for reports from distributors.
★	★ ★
Oil operators must use specified priorities form
Mandatory use of Form PD-311 by oil operators requiring priority assistance and export authority for materials used in operations outside the United States, its possessions and its territories has been ordered by the WPB in Preference Rating Order P-98-d.
quarter. Before receiving the certificate the PRP unit may continue to operate under the provisions of Regulation No. 12 before it was amended.
Change in quantities rule
Another important change confines restrictions on quantities of materials which may be received by a PRP unit to those on the materials list. Hereafter a PRP unit will not be restricted by its PRP certificate in the quantities of other materials which it may receive. PRP units will, of course, remain subject to the general inventory restrictions of Priorities Regulation No. 1.
An additional change in Priorities Regulation No. 3 with respect to the manner of applying and extending ratings requires a PRP unit to include on its endorsement its PRP certificate number as well as its name.
★	★ ★
Production of agave cordage restricted to necessities
Production of agave fiber cordage for nonessential civilian purposes has been completely prohibited by the WPB.
In order M-84, as amended, processors of agave cordage are directed to cancel immediately all orders for nonessential civilian purposes. The 21 manufacturers in the industry have been notified by telegram of the action.
★	★ ★
Manila and agave cordage affected by 2 WPB orders
Two actions affecting purchasers and processors of manila and agave cordage were taken October 5 by the WPB.
Order M-84, as amended, provides that un- ■ til November 16 agave cordage can be used for wire rope centers as one of the permitted essential uses. The wire rope Industry is about 95 percent engaged in war work. Cordage processors and wire rope manufacturers have been notified of the amendment by telegram.
At the same time, the textile, clothing, and leather goods branch declared that any cordage processor who has on his books a rated order for procurement of cordage can, if the purchaser agrees, extend the rating to producers of jute or cotton yarns in the event agave or manila are not available or allowed. In this connection, it was pointed out that Order M-70 provides for the manufacture of jute yarns for use in cordage sold on defense orders. .
October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
13
Equipment for sound-recording radio facilities covered
in new WPB regulations
Assignment of preference ratings to facilitate the acquisition of equipment and supplies for the maintenance and repair of radio communication and commercial sound-recording facilities is provided in Preference Rating Order P-133, issued October 5 by the WPB.
The order may not be used for any expansion, improvement, or change of design of equipment. It covers only materials needed for maintenance and repair and assigns the preference rating A-l-j to all operators of radio communication facilities, including broadcasting, police, direction-finding and aviation facilities, as well as all commercial soundrecording studios. The rating, however, Is assigned only after the operator has complied with the conditions stipulated in the order.
★	★ ★
Maximum amount of steel for bedspring set at 15 pounds
Fifteen pounds of steel will be the maximum allowed for a full-sized bedspring after December 1, the WPB ruled October 8. For a single or twin-size bedspring, the maximum steel content will be 9 pounds.
In an amendment (No. 2) to Order L-49, covering production of bedsprings, the WPB also reduced the total amount of iron and steel available for manufacture of bedsprings. Producers are now limited in each calendar quarter to this total iron and steel consumption: (1) 3% percent of their total consumption for çoil, flat, and fabric types during the year ending June 30, 1941, plus (2) 6& percent of what they used during the base period for production of box bedsprings.
★	★ ★
Vinyl acetate placed under allocation control
Vinyl acetate, used in the manufacture of rubber substitute^ and in the synthesis of sulfa drugs, was placed under complete allocation control October 8 by the director general for operations. Allocation will take effect on November 1. Deliveries of 25 pounds or. less in any one month may be made without regard to allocation.
Nelson defines cases where advertising costs may be figured in war contracts
Instructions which will guide Price Adjustment Boards in determining the circumstances under which advertising expenses may be figured as allowable costs in war contracts were made public October 7 by Chairman Nelson of the WPB. The instructions were contained in letters sent to top procurement officials of the War Department, Navy Department, and United States Maritime Commission.
Where costs may be added
Broadly speaking, the instructions lay down these policies:
On cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts, the costs of advertising placed for the sole purpose of selling goods are inadmissible. Industrial or institutional advertising, however, which properly can be classed as an operating expense "incurred for reasons of policy, may under certain circumstances be admitted, and a contractor who is in doubt as to' the admissibility of such expense should take the question up with the contracting agency with which he is dealing.
Reasonable expenditures allowed
In a different classification are advertising expenditures paid for out of the contractor’s fee, on cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts, or as part of the general overhead and management expenditures on fixed-price contracts.
The substance of the instructions in regard to such expenditures is briefly as follows:
When Price Adjustment Boards review the profits of war contractors they will note the sums spent for advertising; they will allow a “reasonable expenditure” for advertising; and their definition of “reasonable expenditure” will be substantially the definition previously announced by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Boards are instructed, however, that where a company has been wholly or in large part converted to war work, fairly sharp limits can be placed upon such expenditures.
No set formula
Mr. Nelson pointed out that no set formula can be laid down to govern all cases, and that in general the rule of reason must apply in each particular case. The WPB, he said, 'does not wish
to set up arbitrary rules which might work undue hardship on manufacturers converted to war work who desire to preserve their investment in trade-marks and goodwill.
★	★ ★
WPB limits production of heavy forged hand tools
Production of heavy forged hand tools was limited October 3 in a new schedule of L-157 issued by the WPB.
Schedule No. 4 of the order states that no heavy forged hand tool which does not conform to the size, type, grade, finish, weight and standard established by it may be produced except on approval of WPB.
Heavy forged hand tools covered by the schedule include bars; blacksmiths’ anvil tools; mauls and hammers or sledges weighing 4 pounds or over; hoes weighing 3% pounds or over; mattocks, picks, railway track tools, tongs, wedges; mine blasting hand tools, mine breast drills and miscellaneous other forged hand tools.
★ ★ ★
Asphalt use in nonessential paving banned for duration
Deferment, for the duration of the war, of all nonessential paving uses of asphalt, asphaltic products, tar, and tar products in the 10 Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States' was requested October 5 by the Office of Petroleum Coordinator for War Ickes.
The request, as embodied in an amendment to the Coordinator’s Recommendation No. 45, was addressed to all Federal, State, and local road-building and repair agencies and asphalt and tar suppliers.
Affected by the amendment are Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
As a result of the amendment, conservation of asphalt is now on a Nation-wide basis.
* * *
THE NICKEL which went into the 1941 output of nickel-plated tableware would have supplied all the nickel needed in the production of 43 heavy tanks.
14
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October 13,1942
Life will be simpler
120 FORMS
ABOLISHED
* More than 120 forms formerly used by the War Production Board have been abolished and an additional 130 have been simplified since the formation of the Committee for the Review of Data Requests from Industry on July 1, Joseph I. Lubin, chairman, announced October 6.
A list of “PD” forms which remain in use will be published in the next issue of Priorities, which will be available for inspection in all regional and district offices of the War Production Board about October 15. Approved forms other than the “PD” series also will be listed in the issue of Priorities which will be published about November 1. It is expected that lists of approved forms may be obtained after that date at a nominal price from the Superintendent of Documents.
♦	*	*
SHOES with features prohibited by Order M-217 (such as the placing of full overlay tips) may be completed if the prohibited feature is incorporated in the shoe before October 31. This is made clear by Interpretation No. 1 of Conservation Order M-217, announced October 7 by the director general for operations.
* * *
LIMITATION ORDER L-183, controlling the distribution of electronic devices, has been amended to exempt military equipment from its provisions. The amendment (No. 1) was issued October 3, the date on which the order itself was effective.
*	*	*
The compliance branch of the bureau of priorities control is undertaking a survey of the entire suspender and garter manufacturing industry to determine the degree to which the WPB’s regulations covering the use and delivery of elastic fabrics are being met.
*	*	*
Schedule VI to Limitation Order L-20, designed to standardize toilet tissue manufacture, was issued October 6 by the WPB paper and pulp branch.
*	*	*
Further limitations on export shipments of certain fats and oils have been established by the Office of Exports, Board of Economic Warfare.
War to take all new distilled spirits
The entire production of the Nation’s distilled spirits industry will be diverted for war purposes from now on, the WPB announced October 2.
Directives have been issued to the industry to ship the entire production of “high wines” to redistilling plants for conversion into 190 proof industrial alcohol.
Galvanized material placed in heavy melting steel category
New specifications for No. 2 heavy melting steel scrap permitting the inclusion of galvanized material meeting size specifications in the No. 2 heavy melting grade, as well as uncut bumpers, rear ends, and front axles of passenger automobiles, were announced October 10 by the OPA.
To speed flow
This action reflects the recommendation of the scrap and consuming trade that heavy galvanized material and uncut automobile parts can be efficiently used in the production of steel. The inclusion of these materials in No. 2 heavy melting steel was designed to speed the flow of this grade to consuming mills.
The change is contained in Amendment No. 8 to Revised Price Schedule No. 4— Iron and Steel Scrap-—effective October 15.
In another change, the price schedule’s section governing brokerage commissions has been amended to incorporate established interpretations of that portion of the schedule which provides that no commission shall be payable to a person for scfap he prepares.
★ ★ ★
Silver ban relaxed
Foreign silver may continue to be processed until November 15, 1942, if it had been put into process before October 1, 1942, by the terms of Amendment No. 2 to Conservation Order M-199, announced September 29 by the Director General for Operations. The original order required processing of foreign silver to cease October 1 except on orders bearing preference ratings of A-3 or
Approximately half the industry, by volume, has been converted to making industrial alcohol since early in the year. This action enlists the output of the other half. The combined output of the entire industry is expected to reach 240 million gallons a year of industrial alcohol.
Date extended for report on autos held in storage
The deadline for reporting maintenance operations specified by Conservation Order M-216 on automobiles and commercial motor vehicles held in storage for rationing has been extended to November 1, 1942, by an amendment to the order issued October 2 by the director general for operations.
Order M-216, as originally issued, required persons in possession of these reserve vehicles to file with the automotive branch of the WPB a report of the condition of such vehicles on Form PD-641. The initial report was to be as of October 1, 1942, and was to be filed not later than October 10,1942. The extension of these dates to November 1, 1942, and November 10, 1942, respectively, has been necessitated due to inability to perform certain of the maintenance operations within the time specified.
★ ★ ★
Export rules to Canada eased
Removal of export license requirements for commercial shipments from the United States to consignees in Canada and that part of Labrador under Canadian control was announced October 8 by the Office of Exports, Board of Economic Warfare. As a result, exporters no longer will be required to obtain general, individual or any other kind of license to ship articles, materials, supplies and technical data to those destinations.
★ ★ ★
Indian reservations contribute
By disposing of obsolete and worn-out Government equipment, superintendents of Indian reservations have contributed 1,640 tons of scrap metal to war produc- , tion, Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier reported October 7 to Secretary of the Interior Ickes.
October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
15
LABOR...
Board adopts four general orders to speed action under new powers; exempts wage adjustments made by small companies
Acting swiftly under the new responsibilities granted it by the President’! Executive order for stabilizing the cosi of living, the National War Labor Boari last week unanimously adopted foui general orders, the most important oi which exempted wage adjustments made by employers of eight or less individuals Another of the orders approved provisionally all wage increases put into effect on or before October 3.
General orders under new powers
The WLB, under the authority vested in it by the President’s order of October 3, issued the following general orders:
General Order No. 1:
All Increases in wage rates which have been directed by the War Labor Board prior tc October 8, 1942, shall be put into effect in accordance with.the terms of the Directive Order in each particular case.
General Order No. 2:
The procedures in the National War Labor Board for the adjustment of labor disputes affecting wages established under Executive Order No. 9017 shall remain in full force and operation, and in all present or future cases in which the Jurisdiction of the Board has attached or shall attach by certification or otherwise, the parties shall be deemed to have given notice within the terms of Title II, Section 1, of Executive Order No. 9250.
General Order No. 3 :
The National War Labor Board hereby approves all increases in wage rates which were put into effect on or before October 3, 1942, provided, however, that the Board reserves the power under the provisions of Title III, Section 3 of the Executive order to disapprove any such wage rate which it may find to be inconsistent with the policy enunciated in the said Executive order or hereafter formulated by the Economic Stabilization Director and in case of such disapproval to order the discontinuance of further payment of such wages. ^
General Order No. 4:
Wage adjustments made by employers who employ not more than eight (8) individuals are exempted from the provisions of the Executive Order 9250 of October 8, 1942.
General Order No. 4 was issued in accordance with Title H, Section 4 of the Executive order, which requires the Board, “by general regulations, to make such exemptions from the provisions of this Title in the case of small total wage increases or decreases as it deems necessary for the effective administration of this Order.” The Board has taken advantage of this authority under the Executive order to lighten tremendously its administrative burden.
Small retail and service establishments such as small barber shops, grocery stores, filling stations, tailor shops, jewelry, radio and drug stores and parking lots, etc., are typical of the type of establishments exempted by the order.
WLB denies wage increase
In deciding the first case since the new Executive order, the WLB unanimously denied a general wage increase to the 800 employees of the Sterling Engine Co., Buffalo, N. Y., on the ground that “no increase is necessary in this case to correct maladjustments or inequalities, to eliminate substandards of living, to correct gross inequities, or to aid in the effective prosecution of the war.” The UAW-CIO had asked increases of 7 cents to 30 cents an hour.
T. P. & W. case settled
The long-pending dispute between the Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad Co. and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen and the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen was decided by the WLB last week. Under the terms of the decision the railroad, which has been operated by the Office of Defense Transportation since March 21, will not be returned to its owner “unless and until there is full and complete compliance with this directive order.”
President Roosevelt ordered the railroad seized last March when George P. McNear, the road’s president, refused to abide by a WLB decision that his dispute with two brotherhoods be settled by arbitration. His refusal was sent the White House in a long collect telegram.
When the road was taken over by the Government, the 104 men, who had been on strike since December 29, returned to work. The WLB then appointed Judge Benjamin C. Hilliard of the Supreme Court of Colorado to arbitrate the dispute over wages and working conditions. The Board’s decision upheld Judge Hilliard’s award of the standard rates for class I eastern railroads and made it retroactive to September 1, 1941, when these rates were put into effect by all roads except the
WAR EFFORT INDICES
Percent change
-T	from
MANPOWER	September
September 1942:	Number ,	1941
Labor force_________- 54,100,000	— 1.3
Unemployed__________	1,700,000	— 62.2
Employed-,__________♦52,400,000	'+ 4.2
Nonagricul-
tural___*42, 200,000	4- 5.0
Male____ 29,600,000	[+ 0.7
Female—	12,600,000	¡4-16. 7
Agricultural-	*10,200,000	4- 1.0
Male_____	8, 600,000	None
Female-	1,600,000	4-6.7
In millions
FINANCE	Qf doUar8
Sotal appropriations and contract
authorizations, June 1940-Sep-
tember 1942_______________________**204,555
War expenditures from Treasury
funds:
Cumulative July 1940-Septem-
ber 1942_________________________***47,074
September 1942__________________ 5, 384
PLANT EXPANSION
June mo to latest reporting date
Gov, commitments for war plant "
expansion; August 31__________****13,310
Private commitments for war
plant expansion; #9,690 pro-
jects, August 31 (certicates of
necessity approved)___________ '4-8,277
All manufacturing industries—
July:
Average weekly earn-
ings_________________________$38.52 23.4
Average hours worked
per week_____________________ 42.4	5.2
Average hourly earn-
ings------------------------- 85.0i 14.2
Cost of living (1935-39 = 100:
May 1942____________________116.0 12.7
August 1942_________________117.4 10.5
♦	New series starting August 18.
••Preliminary. Net commitments by Government corporations and Congressional authorizations for which funds have not been made available Increase the total to $230 billion.
*	* ♦ Expenditures by Government corporations Increase the total to $50 billion.
•	* * ♦ Revised series.
# Preliminary.
★ ★ ★
Get most out of available
materials, Kanzler urges firms
Production Requirements Plan application forms (PD-25A) for the first quarter of 1943 were being mailed to manufacturers October 6 by the WPB.
At the same time Ernest Kanzler, Director General for Operations, issued the following statement with respect to operations under PRP for the fourth quarter of 1942:
“It is of vital importance that all companies under PRP should make adjustments in their fourth quarter production schedules to get the most out of the materials authorized on their PRP certifi-eates. . . .”
Manufacturers are expected to return the completed applications for the first quarter of 1943 by October 25.
16
★ VICTORY ★
October 13,1942
Posters can help win the war. Use them and use them wisely
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October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
17
HOW TO GET RESULTS IN USING POSTERS
1.	Pick a good spot and stick to it. People will get accustomed to looking in this place for new posters.
2.	Put the poster where it won’t be soiled. We want to use them, not waste them.
3.	Above eye level is where posters are seen best, experience has shown.
4.	Expected locations are best. Unusual positions attract attention to placing, not to poster. However:
5.	Motion is a decided asset. Posters on doors that are frequently opened and closed, delivery trucks, giant cranes and other machinery, are endowed with life that still posters do not have.
6.	Use enough posters. Experience has demonstrated that posters in a ratio of less than one for each 100 workmen on a shift are usually too thinly spread to be wholly effective.
7.	Put them up securely; gummed tape will usually do for inside locations, but outside you may have to use all-over pasting or a glass cover.
8.	Use your ingenuity in displaying a group of posters. Choose those you want and order them from the Distribution Section of OWI.
POSTERS INCREASE PRODUCTION IN WAR PLANTS
A RECENT SURVEY shows that posters, properly displayed, increase the output of weapons. Government posters like the ones on these two pages reach the workers through a logical appeal to the emotions—loyalty, patriotism, humor, sympathy—and the instinct of self-defense.
THESE POSTERS may be obtained from the Distribution Section, Office of War Information/ Washington, D. C. Newspapers or magazines can get two-column mats of any of the illustrations printed here by writing to the same address, or, if their method of printing requires, glossy proofs are available.
18
★ VICTORY ★
October 13,1942
PRICE ADMINISTRATION ...
OPA extends rent control to entire Nation, fixes March 1942 level on new areas
Taking the first formal step to extend rent control from coast to coast and border to border, Price Administrator Henderson October 5 designated 45 additional defense rental areas embracing every section of the Nation in which OPA had not previously moved to place a ceiling on rents. For the new areas, Mr. Henderson recommended that the ceiling be placed at the rents in effect March 1, 1942.
This step, following the procedure laid down in the Emergency Price Control Act, is similar to the method used in the areas already under rent control. The act requires OPA, after designating a defense rental area, to wait 60 days for any local action before it places an absolute ceiling on housing rents in the area. The Act thus does not permit OPA control of rents in the new areas until December 5 at the earliest.
However, in 206 areas previously desig-
8 mines get higher prices to assure local coal
Price adjustments on bituminous coal produced in eight Central Illinois mines were authorized October 5 by the OPA in order to allow the mines to continue production of certain sizes and prevent a local shortage.
Domestic sizes 1, 3, and 6, produced for shipment from thè mines by truck to nearby neighborhoods, were reduced from 5 to 25 cents per net ton while the maximum prices for Industrial sizes for shipment by truck were increased by amounts ranging from 10 cents to 45 cents per net ton. Also size group 14, industrial coal for shipment by rail, was Increased from $1.45 to $2 per net ton.
Mines affected by the adjustments are: Mines “A” and “B” of the Mine "B” Coal Co., Springfield, Ill., Mines No. 2, 4, and 5 of the Panther Creek Coal Co., Springfield, and Mines Woodside No. 53, Capitol, No. 57 and Peerless No. 69 of the Peabody Coal Co., Chicago, Ill.
¥ ¥ *
♦ • »
A STANDARD nonportable typewriter contains enough aluminum for 22 magnesium incendiary bombs, enough rubber for a pair of rubber boots for the Army.
nated where rent control has not yet been ordered, the 60-day waiting period has expired and final Federal action will be taken as quickly as administratively feasible, Mr. Henderson said.
“Until the machinery of Federal control can be placed in operation, we ask landlords and tenants to cooperate with the President’s wartime program for controlling the cost of living, and to keep rents from exceeding those in effect last March.”
The order designates a separate defense-rental area in each of 45 States, covering the portion of the State which has not yet been designated. Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Delaware were unaffected since defense rental areas previously designated embraced the whole of these States. In North Dakota, the only State which had no rental areas previously, a single new area covers the entire State.
OPA extends service rate for moving coal by barge
Temporary maximum prices applicable to the transportation of bituminous coal by barge from Hampton Roads to New York and New England, and from New York to New England, established August 1, on October 5 were continued in effect until December 2 by OPA.
The rates, which take into consideration increased shipping costs due to the war, were originally established in Amendment 4 to Supplementary Regulation 14 under the general maximum price regulation. They were to have expired October 2. Amendment No. 36 to Supplementary Regulation 14 extends the rates for another two months.
¥ ¥ ¥
ALUMINUM SCRAP
If borings, turnings, and similar ma-chinings of aluminum scrap contain oil, water or other forms of contamination, maximum prices may be paid only on the basis of the actual weight of aluminum or aluminum alloy contained, the OPA said October 8.
OPA gives formula for setting prices of die castings
Producers of die castings were given a speedy procedure by the OPA October 6 for determining prices of castings of designs or metallic composition not sold in March 1942—base pricing month of the general maximum price regulation.
Sales of die castings are subject to the general maximum price regulation except as they have been exempted from it by Supplementary Regulation No. 4, which applies to sales to United States agencies. Under the general maximum price regulation a die caster who cannot determine his maximum price on the basis of the highest price he or his closest competitor charged during March 1942 (Section 2), must apply to OPA for authorization to determine his maximum price and for instructions as to the method to follow.
Speeds delivery
Order No. 84, issued under section 3 (b) of the general maximum price regulation and effective October 6, provides that instead of applying to OPA for a ceiling, a die caster unable to set a maximum price under Section 2 shall apply the same pricing formula or method of calculating prices which he would have used on March 31,1942. In applying the pricing formula he is to use material costs, manufacturing costs, allowance for plant and administrative overhead, and the margin of profit used March 31,1942.
The formula will permit a producer of a die casting which is new as to design or composition and cannot be priced on the basis prices he or his competitor charged in March to make sales and deliveries immediately without taking each case to OPA.
★ ★ ★
Wearing apparel containing rubber included under MPR
Manufacturers’ prices of apparel items which contain rubber or elastic webbing as a component material—such as corsets, girdles, suspenders, elastic-top hosiery, bloomers, panties, shorts, drawers, pajamas, and gloves—are included under the provisions of Maximum Price Regulation No. 220, the OPA stated October 8.
October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
19
OP A allows low-profit stores to raise prices on certain food items to replenish dwindling stocks
' Price Administrator Henderson October 9 formally anounced the new alternative pricing formula by which food stores and wholesalers severely squeezed under OPA’s March ceiling will be able to restock hundreds of individual items.
To relieve squeeze on retailers
This is the first of three types of food regulations on which OPA has been working since last summer. All three are designed to relieve the squeeze on those food wholesalers and retailers who have had difficulty in transacting business under their March ceiling prices. Imminence of the new orders was disclosed when Mr. Henderson froze the prices of butter, eggs, poultry, canned milk, flour, potatoes, and other key foods at the direction of the President. The second regulation will permit specific price increases on some new-pack canned goods other than vegetables. The third will cover a number of highly seasonal items, such as maple syrup, apple cider, and holiday candies. Both will be issued shortly.
11 groups affected
The new regulations become effective October 15 and apply only to the following groups of foods:
Breakfast cereals, canned fish, cooking and salad oils, sugar, canned vegetables, coffee, rice, hydrogenated shortening, other shortening, dried fruits, and lard.
Housewives will notice two effects when grocers and wholesalers begin to use the new formula:
First, slightly higher prices—a cent or two for the most part—for the affected foodstuffs in those stores which have been squeezed severely under the March ceiling; and
Second, the reappearance on the shelves of these same stores of many brands and products that have been in scant supply or missing entirely.
Compulsory for lard, dried fruits
On 9 of the 11 groups of foods involved, the option of taking a new ceiling price obtained by using the alternative pricing method, or of retaining his March ceiling price, rests'with the individual wholesaler or retailer. On lard and dried fruits, however, the compulsory new ceilings must be used and present maximums abandoned, whether such ceilings result in higher or lower price tags. The dried fruit group includes prunes, which by this action are placed under price control for the first time.
The adjustments in retail prices will extend over a limited period, from October 15 to December 31. Wholesalers must complete their adjustments by November 30. At first, on the basis of OPA studies, the housewife probably will find that only one store out of five in her neighborhood will have higher price tags. As the adjustment period progresses and additional stdres restock at higher net wholesale prices, retail price advances will be in greater evidence.
However, Mr. Henderson said, it is expected that the majority of distributors— both wholesale and retail—will continue to find their March prices on the food groups other than lard and dried fruits more attractive on most items and will retain them.
Excerpts from the statement by the Administrator highlight the main features of his action as it affects the public:
“This action was taken by OPA to permit certain essential foods to flow through wholesale and retail channels to the consuming public. Many stores have found themselves unable to restock these items because increases in costs at the growing and processing level have meant that neither the wholesaler nor retailer could stock and sell the goods under his March ceiling prices*
Increases will vary
“This regulation applies to a limited group of foods—not all foods.
“Not every item in these groups will be marked up, either—only those where a grocer’s March ceiling was abnormally low. Increases will vary from store to store, but none of them will be large, “Many of the items are ‘cost-of-living’ items. That means that your storekeeper should already have his ceiling prices displayed where you can see them easily. If he increases his ceiling price under this regulation, he must change the ceiling price he has on display.
“Remember, your cost of living and your neighbor’s are vital to the war effort. You can help in our national battle against risfng prices and the danger of inflation by refusing to pay more than the legal ceiling.”
Two regulations are being issued to accomplish the alternative pricing plan-Maximum Price Regulation No. 237 (Adjusted and Fixed Mark-Up Regulation for Sales of Certain Food Products at
Wholesale), applies to wholesalers; Maximum Price Regulation No. 238 (Adjusted and Fixed Mark-Up Regulation for Sales of Certain Food Products at Retail), applies to retailers. The mechanics of both regulations are essentially the same. They divide sellers of the 11 groups of food products into classes—three in the case of wholesalers and five in the case of retailers.
Each class is given a specified mark-up over net cost for each group of foods.
★ ★ ★
Price additions permitted for export pork
At the request of Lend-Lease Administration, the OPA October 2 authorized Government agencies buying canned pork products for export to pay certain additions to prevailing ceiling prices in order to cover special packing costs.
These additions include 50 cents per hundredweight for packing in solid wooden boxes; 50 cents per hundredweight for packing in fiber boxes overcased in wirebound wooden boxes; and 10 cents per hundredweight for certain other types of boxes.
★ ★ ★
Report dates for purchasers of railroad ties postponed
Purchasers of railroad ties were grants ed additional time October 9 for filing} with the OPA required information regarding purchases in the first quarter of 1942 and for filing applications for adjustment.
In Amendment No. 1 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 216 (Railroad Ties) OPA extended two filing dates. One sets back from October 1 to November 1, 1942, the time within which persons who bought railroad ties between January 1 and March 31, 1942, must submit information concerning these purchases. The other permits purchasers to file special applications for adjustment within 60 days of the effective date (September 5, 1942) of the regulation instead of 30 days.
The amendment, issued October 9, is effective October 15.
*	*	*
THE 2^ POUNDS of meat per week for each of us—our present voluntary ration—is 6 ounces less than the combined weekly allowance per person of the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, and Italy.
20
★ VICTORY ★
October 13,1942
OP A amendment speeds Government buying of new products, building materials
Action to prevent delays in procurement of many newly developed manufactured consumers’ durable goods and building materials by the United States armed forces and by governments of friendly nations was taken October 6 by the OPA.
This action was taken in Amendment No. 1 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 188, which controls the prices of new goods developed in over one hundred industries.
May bid immediately
Under the new provision the manufacturer may make bids on Government orders immediately after his new product has been produced. He may enter a contract to sell, may make delivery, and may collect his payment for the sale. But within 10 days after entering such a contract he must file his report with OPA. After another 15 days, if no word to the contrary has been received from OPA or if OPA Has given its approval, the re-
Ceilings revised for butyl alcohol acetate
Revision of the maximum prices for fermentation acetone, normal fermentation butyl alcohol and normal fermentation butyl acetate, to reflect recent changes in market conditions for these basic chemicals, was ordered October 3, by the OPA.
The revision, contained in Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 36 (Acetone) and Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 37 (Butyl Alcohol and Esters Thereof), establishes ceiling prices of 14.25 cents per pound for normal fermentation butyl alcohol and 7 cents per pound for fermentation acetone, delivered in tank cars in Eastern territory. In addition, the maximum price for normal fermentation butyl acetate is fixed at 14.75 cents per pound. The amendments were effective October 3, 1942.
♦ ♦ ♦
WORST HEADACHES for engineers laying war-oil pipelines are river crossings. The 2-foot pipe from East Texas fields to Illinois has already tunneled beneath six rivers on its way to the main crossing at the Mississippi.
ported price becomes official. If, on thé other hand, OPA rejects the reported price the manufacturer must refund any overcharge to the procurement agency.
The amendment also includes an enlarged and revised appendix which clarifies the scope of MPR 188 by detailing at greater length the commodities which it controls.
Amendment changes
Other changes contained in the October 6 amendment include:
1.	The date by which manufacturers must report prices on new products which have be.en finally determined under the general maximum price regulation was changed from August 20 to November 1 in the case of articles sold to Government procurement agencies and governments of friendly nations. ,
2.	Manufacturers were given explicit, aid in - determining “What is a purchaser of the same class?” in case of sales to Government procurement agencies.
8.	Provisions were made whereby under certain circumstances orders will be issued allowing large groups or lines of articles to be priced by the fourth pricing method Instead of being priced individually.
Dealers told how to set prices of carried-over furs
Methods by which retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers of women’s fur garments may set up their ceiling prices for “categories” of such apparel which they did not sell during the last selling season are announced October 8 by the OPA.
Replacing the previous provisions requiring sellers to apply to OPA for an authorization to determine their top prices in cases where the regular pricing formulas of the regulation could not be used, this amendment is expected to speed up pricing under the regulation.
★ ★ ★
Southern pine deliveries
To prevent suspension of bids and deliveries of southern pine during a period when immediate procurement and delivery of lumber is critically needed in the war effort, the OPA October 9 allowed adjustable pricing on deliveries of southern pine for a limited period.
The action came through Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation 19— Southern Pine Lumber.
Premiums cut on wide woven cotton goods
Premiums for wide woven cotton goods provided by two OPA price schedules were reduced October 10 by the OPA on the basis of a study of production costs showing that “conversion” costs are uniformly less on wide goods than on narrow goods.
The October 10 revisions set premiums at manufacturing levels of 5 to 7^ percent for the affected goods—42 inches and wider—over the maximum prices for narrow fabrics of the same type. The previous premiums allowed by the two price schedules ranged from 10 to 17 ^ percent. The reductions of from 2^ to 10 percentage points will affect goods made for Industrial purposes, as well as some consumer cotton goods.
Other provisions
Wide goods whose premiums are reduced through the issuance of Amendment No. 12 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 118 (Cotton Products) Include sheetings (other than bed linen), drills and four-leaf twills, sateens, print cloths (other than wide window-shade cloth) and grey soft-filled sheetings.
In addition, through Amendment No. 8 to Revised Price Schedule No. 35 (Carded Grey and Colored-Yarn Cotton Goods) ceiling prices for wide osnaburgs, a coarse cloth used chiefly for bagging, are lowered from a premium of 10 percent over narrow osnaburgs to 5 percent. Both amendments affect new contracts entered into on and after October 12.
★ ★ ★
Appalachian hardwood
Sales of “non-recurring” special grades of Appalachian hardwood lumber by a wholesaler direct from the mill must be reported by the producing mill but not by the wholesaler, the OPA announced October 10.
Specific exemption of wholesalers from the reporting provisions as regards direct mill sales' of nonrecurring grades of Appalachian hardwood is contained in Amendment No. 8 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 146 (Appalachian Hardwood Lumber), effective October 15.
The regulation, which contains a pricing formula for nonrecurring items which cannot be specifically priced by the measure, provides that the seller must report to OPA details of all transactions in this special stock within 30 days.
October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
21
WPB simplifies work clothes, OP A tells how to buy
American war workers, on farms and in factories, soon will be making the acquaintance of a new label on their work clothes, the letter “S” which indicates that the garment complies with the recent order of the WPB for the simplification of men’s work clothes. Similar simplification orders are expected for the clothes which will be worn by the fast growing army of women who are stepping into the production line gaps left by men going into the armed forces.
Buying tips
Because these new simplified work clothes are going to get the hardest wear work clothes ever have had, they should be bought with the weather eye fixed on the details which stand for quality. The Office of Price Administration offers the following tips on buying them:
Unless the garment is guaranteed not to shrink more than 1 or 2 percent, play safe and buy one size larger than usual.
Look for colorfastness guarantees on the types of garments which have carried them in the past.
Try to check the weight of the fabric. A 2.20 denim, for example, which has 2.20 yards to the pound, is good for either factory or farm work. A 2.00 or 1.60 is heavier, more durable and more expensive. Denims lighter than 2.20 should not be purchased for heavy duty work.
Thread count and breaking strength should be checked. A good 2.20 denim will run about 60 threads per inch in the warp (lengthwise) and about 40 in the filling (crosswise). Breaking strength should be about 140 pounds lengthwise and 60 pounds crosswise.
By holding the material up to the light you can see if it is tightly and evenly woven. Rub two pieces of the fabric together to see if it deposits any of the starchy sizing powder which may indicate poor quality.
Close, even stitching is important—about 16 stitches to the inch for a work shirt, 10 or 12 for overalls. Seams should be well lapped, without ragged edges.
Buttons should be sewed securely and the fabric beneath reinforced. Buttons With four holes will prove more durable than those with two. Buttonholes and the ends of seams should be bartacked to prevent raveling. If buttons are riveted on, the rivets should be rustproof.
And don’t let work clothes get too soiled before laundering. The dirtier they are, the harder the laundering they’ll have to endure . . . which means shorter life.
★ ★ ★
Stephenson named
Appointment of William W. Stephenson as chief of the rubber footwear branch of the OPA miscellaneous products rationing division was announced October 8 by Paul M. O’Leary, deputy administrator in charge of rationing.
OPA alines processors’ prices to aid normal lard production
In a definite move to assure continued production and normal distribution of lard, the OPA October 7 established uniform methods of computing maximum prices at the processor level. This action, taken to bring lard prices in line with shortening prices, raises maximum prices of processors of lard and supplants the present processor method of computing maximum prices on the basis of each processor’s February 1942 selling prices.
OPA officials stressed that separate action is being taken through a regulation which will provide for the establishment of wholesale and retail ceilings on lard by the addition of a fixed percentage markup over replacement cost. This step is being taken to eliminate the present squeeze at the wholesale and retail level and to equalize by types of retail stores the wide variation in retail lard prices now existing.
Three base points
New price ceilings for loose lard at the processor level are established in Amendment No. 10 to Revised Price Schedule No. 53, effective October 13, through the use of three base points:
1.	Chicago and East St. Louis basing area, including that part of the continental United States east of the Mississippi River and north of the northern boundaries of Tennessee and North Carolina.
2.	Kansas City basing point area, including that part of the continental United States east of the Mississippi River and south of the southern boundaries of Kentucky and Virginia. .
3.	Multiple basing point area, including that part of the continental United States west of the Mississippi River.
Loose lard sales
The processor may figure his ceiling price for loose lard sales to any community by the following method:
First, he should determine in which basing point area the place is located to which he intends delivering the lard. Second, he should put down the basing point loose lard price for that area as set forth in the schedule. Third, he should find out the tank-car freight rate per pound from the nearest basing point in the area involved to the community of sale. Fourth, he should add this freight rate to the basing point loose lard price. The resulting figure is the processor’s ceiling price for loose lard delivered at that particular community. No other charges may be added to this delivered price.
The ceiling for base or standard commercial refined lard in tierces is determined in similar fashion. The processor must determine the basing point area in which his buyer operates from, as well as the basing point area price. Then,
the processor must ascertain the packing house product freight rate per pound from the nearest basing point in the area involved to the community of sale. This freight rate then may be added to the refined lard price of, for example, 14.55 cents per pound Chicago area, and will constitute the final refined lard maxi-mum price at processor level.
Other lards
In computing maximums for lards other than loose and base refined, the „ processor will use the quality differentials representing increases or decreases from the refined price as set forth in the new schedule. Package differentials for lard sold other than in tierces also are spelled out in the amendment.
Government purchases will be continued in adequate flow under the new amendment by establishment of a maximum price for Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation buying of 14.25 cents per pound in export boxes, Chicago basis.
★	★ ★
OPA announces method for adjusting clothing prices
A method by which individual adjustments can be made for sellers of men’s and boys’ tailored clothing who are affected by the “highest price line” rule was announced October 5 by the OPA.
At the same time, the entire text of the adjustment section of Maximum Price Regulation 177 (Men’s and Boys’ Tailored Clothing) was revised and the date for filing of manufacturers’ and wholesalers’ reports under the regulation was postponed from October 10 to October 25, by Amendment 3, effective October 10, 1942.
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Auto maintenance operations
The deadline for. automobile dealers to complete required maintenance operations designed to. protect the stock pile of new passenger automobiles and commercial vehicles still in storage October 6 was extended for 1 month to October 31, 1942, in an action announced by the OPÀ.
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October 13,1942
Price formula simplified for fall and winter seasonal commodities
In order to permit retailers and wholesalers of “fall and winter seasonal commodities” to avoid costly delays in determining maximum prices, the OPA October 5 set forth circumstances under which they may use a simplified pricing formula provided by Maximum Price Regulation No. 210.
. The regulation, which establishes retail and wholesale prices for specified fall and winter seasonal commodities, calls upon a seller to set his ceilings by applying the “initial percentage markup” he used during the last 6 months of 1941 to the cost of the article being priced this season.
Seller to use Rule 1 if possible
In calculating the “initial percentage mark-up” a seller is required, if possible, to use Rule 1 of the regulation. His mark-up calculations under Rule 1 are based on his invoices or other records and information showing purchases and sales for all the lots of the same commodity as the one being priced which he bought to sell during the last half of 1941.
If a seller uses Rule 2, the amendment expressly prohibits evasion of the reg-
Restriction on sale of machines, parts revised
Sale of a machine or part under a rental contract entered into before July 22, 1942, which provided for the transfer of title to the lessee when rental payments over and above a monthly carrying charge equalled the value of the machine at the time the contract was entered into, was excluded October 6 from price control.
The exclusion was made by the OPA through Amendment No. 27 to Maximum Regulation No. 136, as amended (Machines and Parts and Machinery Services) , and is retroactive to July 22, 1942, the effective date of the regulation.
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Battery ceiling postponed
The application of price ceilings to sales of electric storage batteries by manufacturers and wholesalers was postponed by OPA from October 1 to 15.
ulation through the device of shifting commodities from one department to another if the result is to obtain a higher percentage mark-up.
Rule 2 permits a seller who dealt in the same commodity during July-December 1941 to use the average of the “initial, percentage mark-ups” taken during the last half of 1941 on all commodities sold in the same department. If he did not sell by departments, he then uses his average store or establishment mark-up.
Conditions are set forth in the amendment under which a seller who could use Rule 1 may choose to use Rule 2. The following three conditions must be met—
1.	His records must satisfactorily show the average of “the initial percentage mark-ups” which he took during the last 6 months of 1941 on all commodities sold in the same department in which he sells the commodity being priced;
2.	Rule 2 must be used in pricing all fall and winter seasonal commodities to be sold In this department; and
3.	The commodity must not have been sold during the last 6 months of 1941 in another department which had an average “initial percentage mark-up” lower than that of the department where the commodity is now to be sold.
Amendment No. 3 was effective October 9, 1942.
NEW OPA BAG REGULATIONS
Several Changes applying to the determination of replacement price of burlap used in the manufacture of new textile bags are supplied by the OPA through the issuance of Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 151—New Bags.
Provisions
In determining the replacement cost of the burlap textile material from which new burlap bags are manufactured, the following three provisions are made by the October 5 amendment.
1.	The War Shipping Administration’s low rate for war risk insurance is to be used in determining the replacement cost of burlap textile material of the enumerated constructions.
2.	Specific prices for 22 additional burlap constructions recently added to the burlap schedule are enumerated in Regulation 151.
3.	The provision for determining “in line” prices for constructions of burlap textile material for which cents-per-yard prices are not specifically enumerated is revoked.
Sales or deliveries of new cotton or burlap bags containing a commodity “packaged therein” are excluded from the operation of the regulation.
Top prices set on kraft, bag papers in lots under 100 pounds
Maximum prices for distributors’ and merchants’ sales of kraft wrapping and bag papers in less than 100 pound lots were established October 7 by the OPA in an action which effects 10 other important changes and additions to the price regulation controlling all sales of these paper products.
Amendment No. 1 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 182—which becomes effective October 12, also specifies the conditions under which distributors and merchants may apply manufacturers’ , differentials and increases the conversion allowance for distributors who convert rolls into sheets.
Other provisions
The other features of the amendment are as follows:
1.	Retail put-ups of kraft wrapping papers are excepted from the provisions of the regulation when sold by retailers. These sales remain under control of the general maximum price regulation.
2.	Manufacturers may now sell on a gross weight basis when using chipboard packing for sheets instead of net weight basis as required for other types of packing.
3.	Certain differentials may be applied in sales between merchants or distributors.
4.	Local delivery or cartage expenses to customers who have no railroad sidings may be added to prices charged by merchants or distributors for carload lot sales.
5.	Definitions for imitation kraft wrapping paper and standard unbleached kraft butchers paper are broadened so more of the papers in this field are included in the scope of the regulation.
6.	All rolls and bundles of imitation kraft wrapping paper must be stencilled or labeled as such.
7.	Quantity differentials which may be charged by manufacturers must be calculated on the basis of total weight of any combination of paper items covered by this regulation and by Maximum Price Regulation No. 129.
8.	Three northern manufacturers are specifically granted higher prices for machine glazed kraft papers.
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Formula for paper specialties
Manufacturers of converted paper products were provided additional formulas October 8 for pricing certain new, specialty and off-standard items'Which they could not price under the regulation for industrial and converted paper products. (Maximum Price Regulation No. 129.)
OPA action, taken in Amendment No. 8 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 129, becomes effective October 13, and affects specialties and items which in one or more characteristics deviate from standard items covered by the regulation.
October 13,1942
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23
Formula simplified for special Southern hardwood
Simplification of the procedure for pricing special grades and items of Southern hardwood lumber for which specific dollars-and-cents maximum prices are not established is contained in Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 97 (Southern Hardwood Lumber), issued October 6 by the OPA.
The amendment, effective October 10, 1942, revokes the provisions regarding pricing of so-called “recurring and non-recurring” special grades and substitutes one procedure for all special grades and items of Southern hardwood. This modification, which was proposed by the Southern Hardwood Industry Advisory Committee, is desirable, as a relatively small quantity of Southern hardwood lumber is sold in the form of “recurring special” grades. Accordingly, the amendment places all special stock under the same pricing provision, thus simplifying the method for establishing maximum prices for this stock.
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Soles, lasts containing wood put under single pricing rule
Wood soles and lasts—used in the manufacture of shoes—whether made exclusively of wood or of wooden parts assembled with other materials such as leather or metal are placed under one price regulation through an OPA action announced October 8.
Maximum prices for such products differing only slightly in construction or assembly will now have a consistent relationship with each other by making them subject to Maximum Price Regulation No. 196—Turned or Shaped Wood Products. This action is taken through Amendment No. 2, effective October 14.
The definition of turned or shaped wood products is amended to include wood soles and lasts however made and regardless of whether the soles or lasts consist exclusively of wooden parts or of wooden parts assembled with other parts.
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Ceiling price adjusted on
Douglas fir doors
Higher transportation costs caused by increased freight rates on Douglas fir doors may be included in the manufacturer’s selling price, the OPA said October 6.
This provision is inserted in the maximum price regulation for Douglas fir doors (Revised Price Schedule No. 44), by Amendment No. 1, effective October 6.
Increased goals in the harvesting of nearly all forest products which are being used to replace other critical materials are called for in the current year, on the basis of estimates by the United States Department of Agriculture.
Since Pearl Harbor, wood has become a critical material, needed in large volume for Army and Navy construction, and for replacing other critical materials. Examples are: Veneer and plywood in place of light metals in aircraft; wood for steel in sub chasers, mine sweepers, and torpedo boats; and tight cooperage for metal drums.
Survey being made for WPB
At the request of WPB, the Department’s forest service is surveying requirements and supplies of forest products, as a basis for action to stimulate production of needed materials. Included are investigations of needs and sources for a number of specialty items, such as wood for aircraft, ship timbers, gunstocks, wood and bark for tannin extract; also of equipment, labor, and transportation problems affecting timber production.
Latest estimates place total lumber requirements at more than 39 billion board feet for the current year, as compared with an average annual production of less than 25 billion feet in the 1936-40 period. Bulk of the increases are for direct war use, only about 16 billion feet, or one-third less than the quantity used in 1941, being included for . civilian purposes. The estimates include about 8 billion feet for boxing and crating of military, Lend-Lease, and civilian supplies for shipment. Current indications are that this year’s production will fall short of meeting estimated needs by from 4 to 6 billion board feet, some of which will have to be met by restrictions in less essential uses.
Pulpwood requirements—for paper, ' containers, plastics, rayon, and similar products—are estimated at more than 15 million cords, compared with a 1936-40 average of 9.3 million cords. About 254 million cords of the current year’s requirements are expected to be supplied by imports. Fuel wood, with 1942 requirements estimated at 75 million cords, will be 15 percent above the 1936-40 average and equal in fuel value to about a million
Wood becomes a critical material; increased goals, restrictions forecast
carloads of coal. Fence post requirements will reach 400 million, to make possible the saving of much of the 60 thousand tons of steel annually used for posts in past years. Increases in requirements are also estimated for mine timbers, cooperage stock, veneer logs, cross ties, poles and piling, and a number of other forest products.
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Changes made in regulation governing softwood lumber
Several changes were made October 5 by the WPB in Conservation Order M-208, which rigidly controls the distribution and use of all types and grades of softwood lumber.
In the original order, preference ratings applying to Lists A, B, and C were assigned “unless a higher rating is applied or extended thereto under a preference rating order or certificate.” This amendment (No. 2) provides that no preference rating is assigned by M-208 to any delivery of softwood lumber if the user is entitled to apply or extend a preference rating assigned on any other preference rating order or certificate.
The amendment also makes minor adjustments of classifications.
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Limitation order revised for Douglas fir plywood
Several revisions in Limitation Order L-150, covering moisture-resistant type Douglas fir plywood, were made October 8 by the director general for operations.
One change permits the manufacture of sound-two-sides, sound-one-side, and concrete form grades in 60-inch width and 108, 120-, 132-, and 144-inch lengths. Under the original order the limits were 48-inch width and 96-inch length.
In another section of the amended order, Lend-Lease governments are added to the agencies excepted from its provisions.
A further change permits producers to sell rejects, reclaimed plywood, plywood produced from short length veneers and core stock. Permission also is granted for the manufacture and sale of door panels in 22-, 26-, and 28-inch widths and 60-, 72-, 84-, and 96-inch lengths. Previously widths were restricted to 24, 30, 36, and 48 inches.
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HUDSON, OHIO, collected 333 pounds of scrap metal per person, a total of 400 tons.
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October 13,1942
RATIONING..............
No standing in line to register for fuel oil under OPA system
OPA plans to issue rations throughout the 30-State rationed area to home heating oil consumers without requiring them to stand in line at registration places.
Consumers may expect to get their ration application forms from their dealers soon after October 13, OPA announced. The forms are to be filled out as soon as possible and mailed, or delivered, to a local War Price and Rationing Board. The Board will compute the ration on the basis of information in the application and will notify the consumer when his coupon sheet is ready.
Meanwhile, the consumer may make any purchases that are necessary by signing a coupon delivery promissory note
Fuel oil ration forms issued for 30 States; families with children get more
The application form showing what information will be expected of householders seeking fuel oil rations for private dwellings in the 30 rationed States was made public October 6 by OPA.
The blank (OPA R-1100) asks for detailed, exact information pertinent to the heating requirements of the applicant’s dwelling. Particular emphasis is placed on facts about the convertibility of any oil burners to coal, and about any available equipment using other fuels than fuel oil or kerosene.
However, the forms can be filled out readily if the applicant has taken these steps beforehand—
(1)	measured the floor area of the living space in the house;
(2)	noted the amount of fuel oil in his tank as of October 1; and
(3)	obtained from his dealer a certified statement of last year’s fuel oil purchases.
To get forms from dealers
Generally home heating oil consumers will receive copies of the application form from their dealers, who will get supplies from local War Price and Rationing Boards when registering some time in mid-October. Dealers will also furnish their customers with certified statements on the amount of fuel oil purchases for the 12-month period ending May 31.
Consumers should fill out the blanks
as announced recently by OPA and WPB.
Under coupon credit consumers may make fuel oil purchasers by signing a coupon note, promising to surrender to the dealer coupons for the gallonage he delivers within 15 days after the coupons are available.
Dealers were to register with local rationing boards about mid-October, and receive at that time application blanks for all of their customers. While the dealer may choose his method of distributing the blanks, OPA suggested that this might be done by mail, the application blank being enclosed in the same envelop with the dealer’s certified statement of the customer’s last year’s purchases.
and mail them to local boards as soon as. possible. The board will notify the applicant when the ration is ready to be issued.
In answering one question on the number of persons occupying the dwelling, the applicant will include any children under 4. Families with small children will be entitled to a supplemental allowance.
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BAYOU PIPE LINE NEARS COMPLETION
Construction of the Bayou Pipe-line System, part of the comprehensive pipeline program to increase oil deliveries to the East Coast, is well under way and should be completed some time in December, it was announced October 5 by Petroleum Coordinator for War Ickes.
Additional pumping stations are being installed on the Plantation Line which will increase its capacity from 60,000 to 90,000 barrels daily. Plans also are being made to extend the northern end of the Plantation Line from Greensboro, N. C., to Richmond, Va.
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THE ONLY TYPES of footwear rationed are men’s rubber boots and rubber work shoes.
ANOTHER WAY to help win the war. Mats of this FOTOFACT will be available as usual in two-column size for newspaper or magazine reproduction. Requests for mats and glossy proofs should be addressed to Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. Please refer to V-153.
Experts to advise commercial coal users on storage problems
To assist commercial coal users in minimizing storage losses, the Division of Solid Fuels Utilization for War of the Bureau of Mines is organizing a group of experts to advise industries on best methods of stockpiling coal to avoid spontaneous heating and degradation of the stored product, Dr. R. R. Sayers, Director of the Bureau, announced October 9.
Industrial users of coal have established or are planning to accumulate larger reserves to avoid possible transportation difficulties, Dr. Sayers informed Secretary of the Interior Ickes, and it is extremely important that damage to stock piles be controlled so that war production will not be .impaired.
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Extra gas allowed American businessmen in Canada
Canadian regulations governing the supply of gasoline for nonresidents have been modified to allow certain American businessmen a greater quantity of gasoline in Canada than that available for motorists who visit Canada for Pleasure.
October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
25
RUBBER BOOTS UNFROZEN FOR RATIONING
Rationing of rubber boots and rubber work shoes to those who need them in jobs essential to the war effort or to the protection of public health or safety began October 5 with the lifting of an OPA order which kept all sales of these items frozen for a 5-day period that ended October 4.
Footwear made available
Sales of the rubber footwear covered by the rationing program—six types that require a high percentage of crude rubber in their manufacture—may be made to consumers hereafter only on presentation of a rationing certificate. Local War Price and Rationing Boards on October 5 will begin accepting applications for certificates from consumers and company purchasing agents who wish to buy the footwear for employee’s use.
Ordinary civilian types of rubber footwear, which can be made largely of reclaimed rubber and are not rationed, may be purchased as Usual.
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New tire plan for group-riders eases driving burden
Cars of all members of a group-ride “club” in any war-essential establishment employing over 100 persons were made eligible for recapped tires or Grade n new tires by an amendment to the rationing regulations announced October 7, by the OPA.
All cars eligible
Previously, only one car for each group was eligible under a plan announced last June. *
Grade n new tires are available only when the casings an applicant has on his car are not recappable. Recaps will be available for the most part to those newly made eligible by the October 7 amendment., Issuance of recapping certificates also is subject to quota restrictions, but this quota was recently substantially increased, it was pointed out.
Previously, with only one car eligible for tires, that car naturally bore most of the burden of daily driving. The new eligibility status for all members-’ cars will bring them into use in the group plan.
This action is contained in Amendment No. 37 to Ration Order No. 1.
Americans ready for rigors of war
Great majority will support driving rules,' says Jeffers, but for those who try to beat the game he warns “Look Out!”'
The American people are better prepared to accept the rigors of war than some are likely to think, Rubber Director William M. Jeffers asserted last week in explaining regulations on driving. These rules, he said, are not to take cars off the road but to keep them going until an adequate supply of rubber can be had. He predicted the great majority of Americans would give voluntary support, but:
“For that small segment of our population who will try to beat the game I only have this to say—Look Out.”
Excerpts from his radio address to the Nation, October 6:
It has been my experience, and it is my belief that the American Nation, as President Roosevelt discovered on his recent trip around the country, is far better prepared to accept the rigors of war than some are likely to think.
Military needs first
Of course, the essential side of it is, that the military must be provided with rubber first, and then we must provide rubber for essential defense and civilian uses.
What the public wants to know, and what I wanted to know before I came to Washington is this: Precisely what is expected of the public?
First of all, these regulations are not being made just because of a whim, or because I think you need be brought to a realization of the fact that this country is at war—in a war for its very existence. So, rather let us think of these restrictions as a plan whereby we can keep automobiles operating, rather than to restrict their use, because this is a nation on wheels, and it must be kept on wheels.
So, you will readily understand what I mean when I say that our aim is not to take, automobiles, trucks, buses, or farm equipment out of active service. Rather, our aim is to keep them in service until the day when we will have an adequate supply of rubber substitutes.
The Baruch report to our President is / my textbook. That report had as a direction sign, that the road would be rough. It made specific recommendations for the production of synthetic rubber. It deblared that it would be necessary to take its conclusions as of this
day and “bull them through.” I shall do just that.
I have been given all the power that .1 shall need. But you may be assured I will not abuse it. My duty, as I see it, is to you, the people of this country. And in serving you we want to help you to help yourselves stay on rubber.
Stresses three rules
That job is yours, and yours alone. I shall endeavor to direct you in what seems to be the simplest, the quickest, the fairest way of doing it.
What we are talking about, for you and for me, are three rules:
First, gas rationing, which, of itself, does not restrict the use of gas because of necessity to conserve gas; it is only a means of conserving rubber; or, rather, it is simply a means to an end, namely, conservation of rubber. It is really rubber rationing, except in the East, where it is both rubber and gas rationing.
Second, speed restriction of 35 miles an hour. Experts with whom I have discussed speed restrictions tell me that it will make your tires last nearly twice as long. It will at the same time give you more miles per gallon of gasoline, and it will reduce accidents.
Third, is the necessity for tire Inspection. But this, of course, needs no elaboration from me to an intelligent public.
Now, these three things are only three of many regulations that were pointed out by the Baruch report, but in essence they are the ones with which you personally are most concerned. I think you will agree that these are not stringent regulations. It is not too much for our country to ask you to do to help win the war. You will be advised and instructed of the ways to do these things at the time the rationing plan goes into effect, which will be about November 22. But in the meantime the need for this conservation is just as vital today as it will be November 22, so, of your own volition, start practicing.
I am sure that what I have said and what the regulations will provide, will meet with the voluntary support of the great majority of all of our citizens. For . that small segment of our population who will try to beat the game I only have this to say—Look Out!
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IF THE U. S. CUT its use of fuel oil to 10 percent below 1941 consumption, the saving would fill 566 sea-going tankers.
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October 13,1942
»
TRANSPORTATION...
Control of commercial vessels on Great Lakes tightened to speed war hauls
In a further step to make available sufficient cargo space for the transportation of iron ore and other war materials on the Great Lakes, ODT Director Eastman October 7 assumed control of all commercial vessels operating in domestic traffic on the Lakes.
Mr. Eastman issued General Order ODT No. 25 requiring that, with certain exceptions, permits be required for the movement of such vessels. The new order will enable ODT to put into effect a new schedule of domestic shipping priorities recently transmitted as a directive to the ODT by the War Production Board.
Ore permit rules suspended
Under the order, the ODT may at any time order the vessels to operate between any Great Lakes ports and serve under the charter or lease of any persons ODT may specify.
Concurrently with the issuance of the general order, Mr. Eastman suspended permit requirements with respect to the
Mileage rules reconciled to allow maximum for trucks
Two general permits designed to rationalize possible conflicts between mileage reduction requirements in ODT orders and mileage provisions of Certificates of War Necessity governing operations of commercial motor vehicles have been issued by ODT Director Eastman.
The two permits (General Permits ODT Nos. 6-9 and 17-15) will enable motor truck carriers to operate the maximum mileage allowed by their Certificates of War Necessity, despite mileage reduction requirements in General Order ODT No. 6, governing local delivery operations of common carriers, and General Order ODT No. 17 governing both local and over-the-road operations of contract and private carriers.
The permits will not apply until the Certificates of War Necessity governing individual operations of carriers become effective. Meanwhile, mileage reduction requirements in General Orders 6 and 17-remain in force for all carriers affected.
The Certificate of War Necessity order is to become effective November 15.
transportation of iron ore and certain other commodities shipped under specific conditions and the operation of craft of less than 1,000 gross tons.
Exemptions
Mr. Eastman also announced the issuance of an order (Revocation of General Order ODT No. 8) revoking an earlier general order which restricted grain shipments on the Lakes. These movements are controlled by the general order issued October 7.
Specifically exempted from the order were (1) the transportation by vessel of property consigned by or to the United States Government or any of its agencies or departments and (2). vessels owned, controlled, or operated by the Federal Government or any of its departments except governmental corporations.
Suspension Order ODT No. 25-1, announced by Mr. Eastman October 7, to become effective October 19, suspends certain provisions of the general order.
ODT orders immediate return of tank cars
In a further step toward keeping thq Nation’s 143,000 tank cars rolling continuously, the ODT October 5 ordered all common carriers by rail to return tank cars to their “last point of origin” immediately after unloading, unless other provision has been made for their disposal.
A special direction (Special Direction ODT 7-1), which took effect October 10, is expected to save many thousand cardays monthly for the transportation of petroleum to the East and the movement of other war-essential materials shipped in tank cars.
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APPOINTMENT
ODT Director Eastman October 7 announced the appointment of Patrick B. McGinnis, of New York City, as executive administrator for the newly established railway protective section in the division of railway transport.
ODT lifts restriction against use of chartered rail cars for suburban commuting service
In order to make available additional equipment for railroad passenger service, Joseph B. Eastman, Director of the Office of Defense Transportation, has taken special action to permit the continued operation of rail cars chartered for group use in suburban commuting service. Operation of such cars was prohibited by a recent ODT order freezing railway passenger schedules.
Mr. Eastman announced the issuance of a general permit (General Permit ODT 24-1) exempting chartered car operation, under certain conditions, from the provisions of the freezing order (General Order ODT No. 24). The permit became effective October 4, simultaneously with the general order.
Limits use of chartered cars
The permit limits the use of chartered commuter cars to schedules on which they already have been operating continuously for one year at least five days a week. Application of the permit is further restricted to rail carriers operating a scheduled passenger train which furnishes daily round-trip commuting service not less than five days a week, exclusive of holidays.
The permit provides also that unoccupied seats on the chartered cars must be available for use of overflow passengers from other cars on the train without extra charge and that operation of the chartered cars must not prevent inclusion of any other cars in the train.
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Bus service authorized between New Jersey cities
The ODT October 5 authorized the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines to substitute motor bus service for steam passenger, express and baggage train service * operated between Fifty-first Street, Ocean City, N. J., and Sea Isle City, N. J. The authorization was granted in a supplementary order to General’Order ODT No. 2, which prohibits such substitutions without authorization of ODT.
October 13,1942
★ VICTORY ★
27
Top prices set on grates, ash-pit doors, other parts for oil-to-coal conversion
American home owners were assured October 10 of reasonable prices for grates, ash-pit doors, and the other parts necessary for converting boilers from oil heating to coal heating with the issuance by Price Administrator Henderson of a specific price regulation governing these conversion parts at all levels of distribution. <
Regulation provisions
Applying initially only to sales made in the* eastern United States, the new regulation established dollars and cents maximum prices at levels currently prevailing for most sellers. It also sets a ceiling on installation costs at the highest hourly charges in, effect last March, adjusted to take account of any increases in wage rates up to July 1.
Four-country program to speed manila hemp output
The Board of Economic Warfare and the Defense Supplies Corporation jointly announced October 7 that contracts have been signed with the United Fruit Co. which provide for the cultivation of 40,000 acres of abaca in four Central American countries—Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. It is estimated that 40,000 acres will yield at least 40,000,000 pounds of dried abaca fiber annually.
Abaca, or manila hemp, is a tropical plant which yields a tough hard fiber used chiefly for making marine cordage.
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Rail shipments of coal to New England decline
Shipments of coal into New England by all-rail routes declined an average 1 of 55 cars per day in the week ended September 26 from the level of the preceding week, Solid Fuels Coordinator for War Ickes said October 5. The total movement of 6,898 cars or approximately 379,390 tons was above a number of the earlier weeks this year.
*	*	*
AN INTERPRETATION making.it clear that only one delivery may be made on the same day by a truck operator to an apartment house or office building, was issued October 7 by Jack Garrett Scott, general counsel of the ODT.
The schedule, titled Maximum Price Regulation No. 236 (Heating Boiler Conversion Parts, and effective October 14, does not affect warm-air furnace parts or boiler parts other than those required for conversion, such màterials remaining under the general maximum price regulation.
Covers Eastern States
The regulation covers the Eastern States where the fuel oil shortage is most acute and where conversion from oil-fired to coal-fired boilers is being encouraged to offset this shortage.
The regulation will be extended to other States where conversion is being encouraged as soon, as details of an appropriate program for these areas can be worked out.
Better to run your own show, Scott tells motor truck firms
Jack Garrett Scott, ODT General Counsel, warned the motor truck industry in an address October 9 that unless a greater effort is made by the industry to conserve equipment in line with ODT orders and policies, more drastic governmental control may be necessary. He spoke before the Michigan Trucking Association at Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Mr. Scott expressed disappointment that more carriers had not taken advantage of opportunities to conserve equipment and improve the efficiency of their operations through the establishment of Joint Information Offices, and also criticised the industry for failure to submit more joint action plans.
Mr. Scott declared: .
I would think it far better for the carriers to carry through and run their own show as much as they can, rather than to force the Government into such an expedient.
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WOOLPERT NAMED
ODT Director Eastman announced October 8 the appointment of Elton D. Woolpert, of Chicago, Hl., to the staff of the division of transport personnel to handle transport personnel training matters in cooperation with the established training agencies of the War Manpower Commission.
NEW JERSEY STAGGERS HOURS
New Jersey October 6 became the first State in the Nation in which a staggered hours program was ordered officially by government authority. The ODT viewed the action as the possible forerunner of similar steps by other commonwealths and municipalities throughout the country in order to meet the transportation crisis.
The New Jersey staggered hours program was drawn up by the New Jersey War Transportation Committee, appointed by Governor Charles Edison several months ago at the request of ODT Director Eastman. Subsequently, Governor Edison appointed Joseph E. Conlon, President of the State Board of Utility Commissioners, State Coordinator of Transportation, with full wartime authority to coordinate public transportation facilities in line with the recommendations of the War Transportation Committee.
As his first official act, Mr. Conlon issued three directives—
Directive No. 1 ordered public schools, parochial schools, and high schools in cities throughout the State to adopt opening and closing hours in conformance with a schedule drawn up by the War Transportation Committee.
Directive No. 2 ordered all retail businesses in the business district of Newark not to open their doors to the public for the start of the day’s business between the hours of 8 a. m. and 10 a. m., and not to close their doors to the public between the hours of 4 p. m. and 6 p. m.
Directive No. 3 ordered six companies employing large office fBWes to change the opening and closing hours of their offices to approximately an hour later than usual so as not to coincide with change of shifts at war plants.
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OPA pamphlet explains rationing in wartime
America’s rationing program—what it is, why the Government is forced to ration goods, what makes certain commodities scarce, how things are rationed— - is the subject of a pamphlet released October 5 by the Office of Price Administration.
The pamphlet is a simple 'explanation to the public of the important role played by rationing in the wartime life of this Nation. Rationing, which has been established in each of the belligerent countries since 1939, is “a community plan for. dividing fairly the supplies we have among all who need them” according to OPA. '"
“Rationing, Why and How,” is a revised and illustrated edition of a former OPA publication. Copies may be obtained from all Regional and State offices of OPA.
28
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October 13,1942
New industry advisory committees
The Division of Industry Advisory Committees, WPB, has announced the formation of the following new committees.
AUTOMOTIVE REPLACEMENT PARTS
Anti-Friction Bearings Subcommittee
Government presiding officer—J. J. Donovan, chief, replacement parts section, automotive branch.
Members:
E. H. Austin, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio; V. A. Dupy, United Motors Service, Inc., Detroit, Mich.; L. R. Murphy, Roller Bearing Company of America, Trenton, N. J.; J. H. Thorsell, Marlin Rockwell Co., Jamestown, N. Y.
AUTOMOTIVE REPLACEMENT PARTS
Material Requirements Subcommittee
Government presiding officer—J. J. Donovan, chief, replacement parts section, automotive branch.
Members:
K. J. Ammerman, assistant to president, Borg-Warner Corporation, Chicago, Ill.; B. B. Bachman, vice president and chief engineer, Autocar Co., Ardmore, Pa.; F. C. Bahr, vice president and general manager, Chrysler Corporation Parts Division, Detroit, Mich.; V. E. Doonan, general sales executive, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.; M. D. Douglas, manager, parts & accessories division, Chevrolet Motor Co., Detroit, Mich.; A. L. Johnson, Warner Machine Products Co., Muncie, Ind.
BAKING POWDER INDUSTRY
Government presiding officer—J. R. Bishop, chief, grain products section of the food branch. . _
Members:
C. G. Mortimer, Calumet Baking Powder Division, Chicago, Ill.; Charles E. Jacques, Jacques Mfg. Co., Chicago, Hl.; Lucius H. Tilley, Jr., Rich-Maid Mfg. Co., Richmond, Va.; B. E. Snyder, R. B. Davis Co., Hoboken, N. J.; J. Luce, Standard Brands, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Authony Hulman, Hulman & Co., Terre Haute, Ind.; A. E. Marshall, Rumford Chemical Works, Rumford, R. I.; Wilmer J. Kahle, Crescent Mfg. Co., Seattle, Wash.
CORN REFINING
Government presiding officer—J. R. T. Bishop, chief of the grain products section, food branch.
Members:
Theodore Sander, Jr., American Maize Products Co., New York, N. Y.; Homer F. Ziegler, Anheuser-Busch, St. Louis, Mo.; R. E. Clizbe, Clinton Co.,, Clinton, Iowa; Morris Sayre, Corn Products Refining Co., New York, N. Y.; Robert S. Fisher, Hübinger Co., Koekuk, Iowa; W. G. Irwin, Union Starch & Refining Co., Columbus, Ind.; G. J. Jenks, Huron Milling Co., Harbor Beach, Mich.; C. J. Kurtz, Keever Starch Co., Columbus, Ohio; Frank Greenwall, National Starch, Inc., New York, N. Y.; F. T. Bedford, Penick & Ford, New York, N. Y.; E. K. Scheiter, A. E. Staley Mfg. Co., Decatur, Ill.
FLOOR SURFACING AND MAINTENANCE MACHINERY INDUSTRY
Government presiding officer—N. G. Burleigh, chief of the services branch.
Members:
Ernest Cooper, Clarke Sanding Machine Co., Muskegon, Mich.; W. B. Crew, American Floor Surfacing Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio; Mrs. L. C. Finnell, Finnell System, Inc., Elkhart, Ind.; Lloyd Hale, G. H. Tennant Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; Robert E. Harris, Modern Floors Manufacturing Co., Inc., Washington, D. C.; Fred C. Hild, Hild Floor Machine Co., Chicago, Ill.; W. E. Holt, Holt Mfg. Co., Oakland, Calif.; R. F. Johnson, H. F. Staples & Co., Inc., Medford, Mass.; Gorden E. Kent, The Kent Co., Rome, N. Y.
INDUSTRIAL AIR-COOLED ENGINES
Government presiding officer—George H. Cherry, chief of the industrial internal-combustion engineering section, construction machinery branch.
Members:
Charles D. Ammon, The Cushman Motor Works, Lincoln, Nebr.; J. A. Allan, Kiekhaefer Corporation, Cedarburg, Wls., E. Ginn, Conti-nental Motors Corporation, Muskegon, Mich.; R. B. Harvey, Novo Engine Co., Lansing, Mich.; E. A. Jacobsen, Jacobsen Mfg. Co., Racine, Wls.; E. A. Longenecker, The Hart Carter Co., Lauson Division, New Holstein, Wis.; J. R. Merriam, Waukesha Motor Co., Waukesha, Wis.; Edward V.- Oehler, Briggs & Stratton Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.; D. W. Onan, D..W. Onan & Sons, Minneapolis, Minn.; P. A. Tanner, Johnson Motors, Waukegan, Ill.; H. A. Todd, Wisconsin Motor Corporation. Milwaukee, Wis.
INDUSTRIAL FILES
Government presiding officer—Franz T. Stone, chief, industrial specialties branch, tools division.
Members:
M. E. Gere, vice president, Morcott & Campbell, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Frank P. Green," vice president, Delta File Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Edward L. Noll, president Nolvex File Co., Cleveland, Ohio; J. Harry Marshall, assistant general manager, Nicholson File Co., Providence, R. I.; A. A. Murfey, president, Cleveland File Co., Cleveland, Ohio; F. E. Shurts, president, American Swiss File & Tool Co., Elizabeth, N. J.; Fred Stout, vice president, HeUer Bros. Co., Newark, N. J.
LUMBER INDUSTRY TRANSPORTATION
Government presiding officer—H. E. Holman, chief, lumber production section.
Members:
K. C. Batchelder, traffic manager, West Coast Lumbermen’s Assn., 364 Stuart Building, Seattle, Wash.; H. A. Gillis, traffic manager, Western Pine Association, 510 Yeow Building, Portland, Ore.; H. A. Hanlon, Cotton & Hanlon, Odessa, N. Y.; J. D. Mylrea, president, Thunder Lake Lumber Co., box 719, Wausau, Wis.; C, A. New, manager. Southern'Hardwööd Traffic Association, 1524 Commerce Title Building, Memphis, Tenn.; G. H. Shafer, general traffic manager, Weyerhaeuser Sales Co., St. Paul, Minn.; Hubert Whitaker, Ozan Lumber Co., Prescott, Ark.
MERCURY PRODUCERS
Government presiding officer—R. J. Lund, chief, miscellaneous minerals branch.
Members:
B.	C. Austin, president, B. C. Austin & Co., San Francisco, Calif.; Worthen Bradley, presi-
dent, Bradley Mining Co., San Francisco, Calif.; H. W. Gould, president, New Idria Quicksilver Co., San Francisco, Calif.; A. E. Humphreys, president, Humphreys Gold Corporation, Denver, Colo.; W. W. Kelly, president, Texas Mercury Co., Study Butte (Brewster County), Tex.; F. Eugene Newbold, president, New Almaden Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa.; L. K. Requa, president, “Idaho Almaden Mines Co., Weiser,, Idaho; H. D. Tudor, president, Mercury Mines, San Francisco, Calif.; S. H. Williston, vice president, House Heaven Mines, Inc.,, Portland, Oreg.
PAPER INDUSTRY TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT
Government presiding officer-—John G. Strange of the pulp and paper branch.
Members:
C.	M. Connor, Glassine Paper Co., W. Conshohocken, Pa.; Walter G. Hendrich, Byron Weston Co., Dalton, Mass.; L. S. Johnson, Cornell Wood Products Co., Cornell, Wis.; Harold R. Murdock, Champion Paper & Fibre Co., Canton, N. C.; H. A. Rothchild, Kimberly-Clark Corporation,'Neenah, Wis.; M. O. Schur, Brown Co., Berlin, N. H.; W. R. Barber, Crown Willamette Paper Co., San Francisco, Calif.
PRIMARY CHROMIUM CHEMICAL PRODUCERS
Government presiding officer—J. W.
Wizeman, chemicals branch.
Members: —
George A. Benington, Mutual Chemical Co. of America, New York, N. Y.; Arthur F. Brown, Imperial Paper & Color Co., Glens Falls, N. Y.; H. A. Goman, Natural Products Refining Co., Jersey City, N. J.; Clyde Mar-latt, Martin Dennis Co., Newark, N. J.; H. B. Prior, Prior Chemical Corporation, New York, N. Y.
PYROXYLIN AND VINYL RESIN COATED PAPER AND FABRICS
Government presiding officer—E. H. Bucy, chief, protective coatings section, chemicals branch.
Members:
L. E. Carpenter, L. E. Carpenter & Co., Newark, N. J.; Frank V. Friedlander, C. R. Whiting Co., Inc., Hackensack, N. J.; Robert A. Harper, Holliston Mills, Inc., Norwood, Mass.; G. M. Jackson, Western Shade Cloth Co., Chicago, Ill.; J. C. Lippmann, Textileather Corporation, Toledo, Ohio; John W. F. Young, Federal Leather Co., Belleville, N. J.; F. J. McCormack, Per ma tex Fabrics Corporation, . Jewett City, Conn.; W. E. Masland, Masland Duraleather Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Walter V. Shearer, The Plastic" Coating Corporation, Holyoke, Mass.; F. F. Sommers, Chicago Rubber Clothing Co., Racine, Wis.; J. K. Weidig, Zapon-Keratol Co., Stamford, Conn.
THERMOPLASTICS PROCESSORS
Government presiding officer—Frank H. Carman, chief, plastics and synthetic rubber section, chemicals branch.
Members:
Frank Allen, Vulcan Corporation, Portsmouth, Ohio; Joseph C. Foster, Foster Grant Co., Inc., Leominster, Mass.; A. G. Frost, The Esterbrook Pen Co., Camden, N. J.; W. H. Fryling, Erie Resistor 'Corporation, Erie, Pa.; George S. Hendrie, Detroit Macoid Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; Warren E. Hill, Pro-phy-lac-tlc Brush Co., Florence, Mass.; I. N. Hult-- man, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y.;
Charles C. Livingston, Cruver Manufacturing Co., Chicago, Ill.; Harry G. Long, Allied Plastics Co., Los Angeles, Calif.; David Swedlow, Swedlow Aeroplastics Corporation, Glendale, Calif.
October 13,1942
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29
Government steps in to assure enough food for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Every possible measure will be taken to assure adequate supplies of foodstuffs and other essential commodities at reasonable prices in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands under a cooperative plan put into effect by the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture, it was announced October 5.
The plan was instituted because of curtailed shipping space and the shortage of escort vessels for civilian supplies.
Foodstuffs covered by bona fide outstanding commercial orders will be handled under the plan when possible consistent with the objective of the plan.
The Agricultural Marketing Administration of the Department of Agriculture will prepare lists of requirements of foodstuffs, including fertilizers and seed, for these two areas. After review by the Department of the Interior, arrangements for shipping will be made through the War Shipping Administration.
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Enemy-owned copyrights seized by Alien Property Custodian
The Office of Alien Property Custodian is now regularly seizing copyrights of works of a scientific or technical nature that are owned by enemies. Many of these works are of great value to the war program, and the Custodian is making them readily available to those who can use them.
Some of the copyrights recently seized include those relating to Beilstein’s “Handbook of Organic Chemistry,” Peters’ “Trigonometry Tables” and Fritz’s “Luminescent Pigments.” Also * seized were copyrights relating to Schott’s “Geographie des Atlantischen Ozeans” and “Geographie des Indischen and Stillen Ozeans”; various issues of Gasschutz und Luftschutz, Die Gas-maske, and Luftschutz. Others are being seized as quickly as they can be identified and their usability determined.
Any person interested in reproducing, any scientific or technical text or treatise the copyright to which is owned by an enemy, or who knows of any such work which should be made available in the interest of the war program, should get in touch with the Alien Property Custodian at Washington, D. C.
Americans interned in Manila organize self governing, democratic community; share work, funds, maintain high morale
{The following information is based on unofficial reports of American citizens returned to the United States from the Philippines.)
Nearly 3,000 American civilians interned by the Japanese in a Manila college have organized themselves on a self-governing basis and, with the exception of infants, the aged, and sick, all are performing some work-duty in keeping their emergency community going, OWI announced October 4.
When the Philippine capital fell, the Americans and a lesser number of British, Poles, Mexicans, Dutch, and Finns were rounded up and taken to the 30-acre campus of the Santo Tomas University, the oldest college in the Orient. The university had not been prepared for use as an internment center. Toilet, bath, and cooking facilities were lacking. Most of the war prisoners, at the suggestion of the Japanese, had taken along food for a few days but many did not have bedding, mosquito nets, and sufficient clothing. Bedrooms measured no more than 4 by 6 feet and dormitories consisted of between 30 and 40 cots closely ranged in 1 classroom. In the first days of the camp’s history it was necessary to stand in line for a cup of water. Many of the Internees had done no manual work for years, others had done little else all their • lives. With Japanese guards in the vicinity, the members of the servantless camp, nearly all of them nationals of democratic countries, proceeded to elect their leaders, organize committees, and formulate regulations.
All keep busy
A chart of the camp’s governmental plan recently arrived in this country. It helps to reconstruct some kind of picture of the way life on this former university campus has been organized. The interned who conceived the plan have tried to carry it out well. Internees have volunteered their services for duties best suited to their training. Electrical engineers, for example, have designed and installed wiring systems to carry the heavier loads required for lights, fans, washing equipment, and kitchen stoves. Men and women, handy with a needle, have opened a tailor and clothes-repair shop for the camp’s common use. A
laundry, a shoe store, carpenter, plumbing, paint, and metal-work shops have also been started. The lumber, nails, mosquito nets, and electric wire that have gone to make the camp liveable were paid for out of the contributions of the internees. An Indigent Relief Fund, made up of contributions by more fortunate internees, was used to purchase necessities for internees without funds.
The main building, an edifice of three floors and two patios, is occupied by 2,000 of the internees, 1,200 men live in the educational building and 300 women and children are housed in one of the smaller university units. The quarters are cramped but so far no epidemic has broken out. A good supply of creosote, a ceaseless wielding of mops and brooms in the corridors, dormitories, rooms, and steps of the university buildings and the diligence of an insect control squad are largely responsible for this.
Eating routine observed
In the chief camp kitchen, which occupies the site of two former classrooms in the Main Building, two meals are prepared daily. Breakfast, served at 8:30 a. m., invariably consists of cracked wheat or corn meal porridge, sirup on porridge, coffee with sugar, and a dash of heavily watered milk. For their 4:30 p. m. supper the internees, passing in line through the kitchen, usually are fed a principal dish of beef stew, vegetable stew, chile con carne, chicken noodles, or white beans and a dessert with a cornstarch base pudding. In the women’s and children’s annex three meals are served daily and, in line with the internee administration’s policy, milk and fruit juices are supplied children and mothers of babies. So far the internees have managed to maintain a healthful existence, but, in general, the camp diet is very starchy and lacking in green vegetables and fruit. There is a shortage of bread, milk and tinned goods.
A further food supply is obtained from uninterned relatives, friends, and loyal servants who daily bring about 500 parcels to Santo Tomas. Communication with these outside people is limited to 25 censored words written on a special 3 by 5 inch form; the word “love,” considered by the Japanese an infraction of their moral code, is prohibited and instead the internees employ the phrase: “I like you.”
30
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October 13,1942
CIVILIAN DEFENSE ...
Contracts let for 2,258,000 stirrup pumps for allocation to Nation’s target areas
Office of Civilian Defense, Office of Price Administration and the Defense Supplies Corporation announced October 7 that arrangements have been completed for the manufacture and sale of 2,258,000 stirrup pumps for civilian protection against fires started by incendiary bombs. The pumps are to supplement the $65,-000,000 worth of fire fighting equipment to be supplied in target areas by the OCD.
At less cost
Maximum prices for the stirrup pumps have been established by the OPA, and the Defense Supplies Corporation has signed contracts with six manufacturers for production of the equipment. The retail price ceilings fixed by OPA range from $3 to $3.80, far below the prices charged for other stirrup pumps bought in the open market.
Will be sold
Stirrup pumps, like other fire-fighting equipment, will be distributed in accordance with the strategic nature of different areas, but unlike pump tank ex-tinguishers and auxiliary pumping units will be sold to municipalities, defense councils or individual purchasers. The three main considerations, in allocating such equipment to a particular area, OCD officials said, are its vulnerability, likelihood of attack and importance to the war production program.
Distribution suggestions
The OCD has suggested that Defense Councils adopt one of three methods for distributing the stirrup pumps allotted to their respective areas:
1.	The Defense Council can purchase a municipality’s allotment for distribution free to members of the Citizens Defense Corps or other civilians. In the event of resale, the OPA has ruled, the price to the purchaser shall not be higher than the wholesale ceiling price.
2.	The pumps can be sold by retailers, without control, to the first purchasers who appear. Retail outlets will be selected by manufacturers or distributors.
3.	The Defense Council can arrange with local retailers to sell the pumps only to persons obtaining certificates or some other form of permission from the Defense Council, thus assuring that the pumps reach the persons who most need them.
Stirrup pumps are hand-operated, portable, piston-type devices looking much like a bicycle pump and equipped
with a hose to throw a stream of water or other liquid drawn from a separate container. Specifications were drawn by the WPB on the basis of experience in England and revised to utilize a minimum of critical materials. Necessary priorities have been granted by the WPB.
Prices established in the regulation will be sufficiently low to bring the pumps within the buying power of the great masses of consumers, OPA said, and will result in driving down the excessive prices of pumps already on the market.
The pumps will be manufactured at an approximate cost of $4,500,000 by the following companies:
James Graham Mfg. Co., Newark, Calif.; Standard Container, Ine., Rockaway, N. J.; Independent Lock Co., Fitchburg, Mass.; Tennessee Stove Works, Chattanooga, Tenn.; The Oakes Mfg. Co., Inc., Tipton, Ind.; and Dobbins Mfg. Co., Elkhart, Ind.
Aviation training extended to high school cadets sponsored by CAP
Formation of a young people’s volunteer aviation corps, to be known as the -Civil Air Patrol Cadets, was announced October 9 by OCD Director Landis. The .organization will parallel that of the senior Civil Air Patrol.
Not assigned to flying duties
The purpose of the CAPC is to extend the same opportunity for training, under the guidance of seasoned airmen, to younger age level. Membership in the cadets will be limited to native-born, students in the last or next to the last year of senior high school. These young civilian volunteers will not be assigned to flying duties, but on completion of their cadet training and graduation from high school, they will be eligible for full membership in the Patrol, where 18 is the minimum age for flying assignments.
Sponsored by senior members
“There will be a father and son relationship between CAP and its junior corps,” Director Landis explained. “Each member of the Patrol will be permitted to sponsor one young man—the boy of his acquaintance most likely to succeed in aviation. The CAP member will be
-	. *
Aerial bombs unsafe for air raid alarms, Landis warns
Aenai oomos, now usea oy some communities for air raid warnings, involve unnecessary risk and may cause confusion, OCD Director Landis warned in a statement to OCD officials October 6.
Cites report
Director Landis cited the following report from the War Department on this type-of warning signal:
Tests conducted by the War Department Indicate that since the sound of aerial bombs is easily confused with antiaircraft fire, they have doubtful value for warning purposes. They are also dangerous when handled by unskilled persons and are usually unsafe to store. The sound produced cannot be heard for any distance except under ideal conditions and when expected. Their flashes may serve as a guide to enemy aircraft and reduce the effectiveness of a black-out.
* * *
A NIGHT FIGHTER needs 5,000 units of Vitamin A per day to aid night vision.
personally responsible for helping his recruit make good. Likewise, a woman member of the Patrol, which enlists the woman fliers on an equal status with the men, may sponsor one girl in the CAPC.” The number of local units at present will be held within the number of active CAP units in the United States, totaling upwards of 1,000.
Ground training the same _
Ground training will be the same as for the senior Patrol. The cadets will learn navigation, meteorology, radio, and other aviation subjects. Emphasis Is placed also on military drill, courtesy, and discipline, together with such defense subjects as first aid, gas protection, and code signaling.
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THESE CARTOONS ^
drawn by famous artists to help the war effort, are available to newspapers in two-column mats. Write Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C., specifying whether you want individual panels or all four each week
October 13,1942
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October 13,1942
30 MILLION SCHOOL CHILDREN COMB NATION FOR SCRAP
America’s Junior Army, the school children of the Nation, October 5 began officially their part in the Nation-wide scrap collection campaign. They will comb the entire country for scrap material.
The children have been mobilized for this task by school teachers everywhere, under the guidance of the U. S. Office of Education and the Conservation Division of the WPB. Certain lines of procedure have been suggested in order to assure “complete coverage.”
Under the recommended canvassing program, the younger children have been advised to go in pairs, the older children by themselves. All children will canvass homes and farms assigned to them and will collect small articles of scrap and make lists of large items to be collected later by transportation facilities furnished by the local salvage committees.
Private schools included
Public, parochial, and private school children all are included in this extensive program and have been given a send-off by President Roosevelt, who said'the “boys and girls of America can perform a great patriotic service for our country by helping our national salvage effort. Millions of young Americans are turning their energy to collecting all sorts of scrap metals, rubber, and rags and can help turn the tide in our ever-Increasing war effort.”
The school teachers have taken their share in the campaign with a bidding from Donald Nelson, Chairman, WPB, that “in this hour of need we can depend upon you to direct and organize the school children in carrying to a successful conclusion the plan” for the collection of scrap by school children.
The United States Commissioner of Education, John W. Studebaker, assured the Conservation Division that the program would be successful. He said “I am sure that you can count on the enthusiastic cooperation of superintendents, principals, and teachers in carrying out the school salvage plan.”
Playgrounds collection points
Public, private, and parochial schools will open their play-yards as salvage de-
pots, where the children may bring the • scrap they have collected.
It has been predicted by Lessing J. Rosenwald, director of the Conservation Division, WPB, that the 30 million school children of America will “produce a huge tonnage of the vital iron and steel scrap, rubber, and other materials that must be had at once for war production.” He added that “it will give to every school boy and girl the desired opportunity for patriotic participation in backing up their fathers and brothers at the fighting fronts.”
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Construction amendment frees materials for insulation
•Certain types of construction using nonmetallic materials and equipment designed to insulate buildings so that fuel can be conserved, may be undertaken without specific authorization, the WPB announced October 2.
In a supplement to Construction Conservation Order L-41-b, it was provided that the order will not apply to construction begun prior to January 1, 1943, which is necessary to the installation or application in buildings of certain materials and equipment.
These include insulation materials, air cell pipe coverings, weatherstripping and storm windows and doors. It was provided, however, that no rubber, cork or metal, other than fasteners, may be used in such installations or applications.
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General Somervell says
LACK OF SCRAP MAY
MEAN LESS ARMOR
“If scrap metal doesn’t flow to market at a faster clip—the Army and Navy of the United States may be forced to cut down on the thickness of armor plates protecting ships and tanks.” That sentence is not part of a propaganda broadcast by Goebbels’ Lord Haw-Haw. The Axis didn’t make that catastrophic prediction; it was made by Lt. Gen. Brehon G. Somervell, Chief of the Services of Supply of the United States Army. It will take approximately 45 nullion tons of scrap metal to meet minimum production requirements for 1942.
WPB watching dairy industry’s rubber substitute experiment
The following statement was issued ■“October 1 by Rubber Director William M. Jeffers:
“Experiments in the development of a rubberlike substance from byproducts of dairy processors have been carried out for some weeks by scientists of the National Dairy Products Corporation. The B. F. Goodrich Co. has in turn carried on developmental work looking toward practical utilization of the product. The work done to date has been examined in detail by officials of the War Production Board.
“At present the process is still in the test tube stage. Experiments carried out thus far give some reason to hope that material suitable for recapping tires might eventually be developed in this manner . . .
“The War Production Board has expressed interest in the process . . . This project offers no immediate relief as a rubber substitute. Its potential promise is,of value in connection with the long range program.”
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Point on automatic pencils sharpened
A clarifying amendment to the Iron and Steel Conservation Order (M-126) relating to mechanical and automatic pencils was issued October 2 by the director general for operations.
Since Order M-126 was first issued on May 5, the item “Pencils, automatic” has appeared among the prohibited items on List A of the order. This has been generally construed to cover all types of mechanical pencils. There has been some contention, however, that the term “automatic” as applied to pencils has acquired a secondary or specialized meaning in the trade.
To eliminate any possible controversy on this point, the item is changed by the amendment to read “Pencils, mechanical or automatic,” where it appears in List A.
* A corresponding change is made in List C of the order.
ARMY ENGINEERS are surveying navigable rivers in the Middle West to locate sunken wrecks that may have metals and other materials for the scrap drive.