(a)
(b)
(1) on the date of first publication, one or more of the authors is a national or domiciliary of the United States, or is a national, domiciliary, or sovereign authority of a treaty party, or is a stateless person, wherever that person may be domiciled; or
(2) the work is first published in the United States or in a foreign nation that, on the date of first publication, is a treaty party; or
(3) the work is a sound recording that was first fixed in a treaty party; or
(4) the work is a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that is incorporated in a building or other structure, or an architectural work that is embodied in a building and the building or structure is located in the United States or a treaty party; or
(5) the work is first published by the United Nations or any of its specialized agencies, or by the Organization of American States; or
(6) the work comes within the scope of a Presidential proclamation. Whenever the President finds that a particular foreign nation extends, to works by authors who are nationals or domiciliaries of the United States or to works that are first published in the United States, copyright protection on substantially the same basis as that on which the foreign nation extends protection to works of its own nationals and domiciliaries and works first published in that nation, the President may by proclamation extend protection under this title to works of which one or more of the authors is, on the date of first publication, a national, domiciliary, or sovereign authority of that nation, or which was first published in that nation. The President may revise, suspend, or revoke any such proclamation or impose any conditions or limitations on protection under a proclamation.
For purposes of paragraph (2), a work that is published in the United States or a treaty party within 30 days after publication in a foreign nation that is not a treaty party shall be considered to be first published in the United States or such treaty party, as the case may be.
(c)
(d)
(Pub. L. 94–553, title I, §101, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2545; Pub. L. 100–568, §4(a)(2), (3), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2855; Pub. L. 105–304, title I, §102(b), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2862.)
Section 104 of the bill [this section], which sets forth the basic criteria under which works of foreign origin can be protected under the U.S. copyright law, divides all works coming within the scope of sections 102 and 103 into two categories: unpublished and published. Subsection (a) imposes no qualifications of nationality and domicile with respect to unpublished works. Subsection (b) would make published works subject to protection under any one of four conditions:
(1) The author is a national or domiciliary of the United States or of a country with which the United States has copyright relations under a treaty, or is a stateless person;
(2) The work is first published in the United States or in a country that is a party to the Universal Copyright Convention;
(3) The work is first published by the United Nations, by any of its specialized agencies, or by the Organization of American States; or
(4) The work is covered by a Presidential proclamation extending protection to works originating in a specified country which extends protection to U.S. works “on substantially the same basis” as to its own works.
The third of these conditions represents a treaty obligation of the United States. Under the Second Protocol of the Universal Copyright Convention, protection under U.S. Copyright law is expressly required for works published by the United Nations, by U.N. specialized agencies and by the Organization of American States.
1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–304, §102(b)(1)(G), inserted concluding provisions.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–304, §102(b)(1)(A), substituted “treaty party” for “foreign nation that is a party to a copyright treaty to which the United States is also a party”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–304, §102(b)(1)(B), substituted “treaty party” for “party to the Universal Copyright Convention”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–304, §102(b)(1)(E), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (5).
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–304, §102(b)(1)(F), substituted “pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that is incorporated in a building or other structure, or an architectural work that is embodied in a building and the building or structure is located in the United States or a treaty party” for “Berne Convention work”.
Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 105–304, §102(b)(1)(C), (D), redesignated par. (3) as (5) and transferred it to appear after par. (4) and redesignated former par. (5) as (6).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–304, §102(b)(2), added subsec. (d).
1988—Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 100–568, §4(a)(2), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–568, §4(a)(3), added subsec. (c).
Amendment by section 102(b)(1) of Pub. L. 105–304 effective Oct. 28, 1998, except as otherwise provided, and amendment by section 102(b)(2) of Pub. L. 105–304 effective May 20, 2002, see section 105(a), (b)(2)(C) of Pub. L. 105–304, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–568 effective Mar. 1, 1989, with any cause of action arising under this title before such date being governed by provisions in effect when cause of action arose, see section 13 of Pub. L. 100–568, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
The Universal Copyright Convention was revised at Paris on July 24, 1971. It entered into force for the United States on July 10, 1974. The text of the Convention, as revised at Paris, is as follows:
The Contracting States,
Moved by the desire to ensure in all countries copyright protection of literary, scientific and artistic works,
Convinced that a system of copyright protection appropriate to all nations of the world and expressed in a universal convention, additional to, and without impairing international systems already in force, will ensure respect for the rights of the individual and encourage the development of literature, the sciences and the arts,
Persuaded that such a universal copyright system will facilitate a wider dissemination of works of the human mind and increase international understanding,
Have resolved to revise the Universal Copyright Convention as signed at Geneva on 6 September 1952 (hereinafter called “the 1952 Convention”), and consequently,
Have agreed as follows:
Each Contracting State undertakes to provide for the adequate and effective protection of the rights of authors and other copyright proprietors in literary, scientific and artistic works, including writings, musical, dramatic and cinematographic works, and paintings, engravings and sculpture.
1. Published works of nationals of any Contracting State and works first published in that State shall enjoy in each other Contracting State the same protection as that other State accords to works of its nationals first published in its own territory, as well as the protection specially granted by this Convention.
2. Unpublished works of nationals of each Contracting State shall enjoy in each other Contracting State the same protection as that other State accords to unpublished works of its own nationals, as well as the protection specially granted by this Convention.
3. For the purpose of this Convention any Contracting State may, by domestic legislation, assimilate to its own nationals any person domiciled in that State.
1. Any Contracting State which, under its domestic law, requires as a condition of copyright, compliance with formalities such as deposit, registration, notice, notarial certificates, payment of fees or manufacture or publication in that Contracting State, shall regard these requirements as satisfied with respect to all works protected in accordance with this Convention and first published outside its territory and the author of which is not one of its nationals, if from the time of the first publication all the copies of the work published with the authority of the author or other copyright proprietor bear the symbol G6�AF accompanied by the name of the copyright proprietor and the year of first publication placed in such manner and location as to give reasonable notice of claim of copyright.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not preclude any Contracting State from requiring formalities or other conditions for the acquisition and enjoyment of copyright in respect of works first published in its territory or works of its nationals wherever published.
3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not preclude any Contracting State from providing that a person seeking judicial relief must, in bringing the action, comply with procedural requirements, such as that the complainant must appear through domestic counsel or that the complainant must deposit with the court or an administrative office, or both, a copy of the work involved in the litigation; provided that failure to comply with such requirements shall not affect the validity of the copyright, nor shall any such requirement be imposed upon a national of another Contracting State if such requirement is not imposed on nationals of the State in which protection is claimed.
4. In each Contracting State there shall be legal means of protecting without formalities the unpublished works of nationals of other Contracting States.
5. If a Contracting State grants protection for more than one term of copyright and the first term is for a period longer than one of the minimum periods prescribed in Article IV, such State shall not be required to comply with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article in respect of the second or any subsequent term of copyright.
1. The duration of protection of a work shall be governed, in accordance with the provisions of Article II and this Article, by the law of the Contracting State in which protection is claimed.
2. (a) The term of protection for works protected under this Convention shall not be less than the life of the author and twenty-five years after his death. However, any Contracting State which, on the effective date of this Convention in that State, has limited this term for certain classes of works to a period computed from the first publication of the work, shall be entitled to maintain these exceptions and to extend them to other classes of works. For all these classes the term of protection shall not be less than twenty-five years from the date of first publication.
(b) Any Contracting State which, upon the effective date of this Convention in that State, does not compute the term of protection upon the basis of the life of the author, shall be entitled to compute the term of protection from the date of the first publication of the work or from its registration prior to publication, as the case may be, provided the term of protection shall not be less than twenty-five years from the date of first publication or from its registration prior to publication, as the case may be.
(c) If the legislation of a Contracting State grants two or more successive terms of protection, the duration of the first term shall not be less than one of the minimum periods specified in subparagraphs (a) and (b).
3. The provisions of paragraph 2 shall not apply to photographic works or to works of applied art; provided, however, that the term of protection in those Contracting States which protect photographic works, or works of applied art in so far as they are protected as artistic works, shall not be less than ten years for each of said classes of works.
4. (a) No Contracting State shall be obliged to grant protection to a work for a period longer than that fixed for the class of works to which the work in question belongs, in the case of unpublished works by the law of the Contracting State of which the author is a national, and in the case of published works by the law of the Contracting State in which the work has been first published.
(b) For the purposes of the application of subparagraph (a), if the law of any Contracting State grants two or more successive terms of protection, the period of protection of that State shall be considered to be the aggregate of those terms. However, if a specified work is not protected by such State during the second or any subsequent term for any reason, the other Contracting States shall not be obliged to protect it during the second or any subsequent term.
5. For the purposes of the application of paragraph 4, the work of a national of a Contracting State, first published in a non-Contracting State, shall be treated as though first published in the Contracting State of which the author is a national.
6. For the purposes of the application of paragraph 4, in case of simultaneous publication in two or more Contracting States, the work shall be treated as though first published in the State which affords the shortest term; any work published in two or more Contracting States within thirty days of its first publication shall be considered as having been published simultaneously in said Contracting States.
1. The rights referred to in Article I shall include the basic rights ensuring the author's economic interests, including the exclusive right to authorize reproduction by any means, public performance and broadcasting. The provisions of this Article shall extend to works protected under this Convention either in their original form or in any form recognizably derived from the original.
2. However, any Contracting State may, by its domestic legislation, make exceptions that do not conflict with the spirit and provisions of this Convention, to the rights mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article. Any State whose legislation so provides, shall nevertheless accord a reasonable degree of effective protection to each of the rights to which exception has been made.
1. The rights referred to in Article I shall include the exclusive right of the author to make, publish and authorize the making and publication of translations of works protected under this Convention.
2. However, any Contracting State may, by its domestic legislation, restrict the right of translation of writings, but only subject to the following provisions:
(a) If, after the expiration of a period of seven years from the date of the first publication of a writing, a translation of such writing has not been published in a language in general use in the Contracting State, by the owner of the right of translation or with his authorization, any national of such Contracting State may obtain a non-exclusive licence from the competent authority thereof to translate the work into that language and publish the work so translated.
(b) Such national shall in accordance with the procedure of the State concerned, establish either that he has requested, and been denied, authorization by the proprietor of the right to make and publish the translation, or that, after due diligence on his part, he was unable to find the owner of the right. A licence may also be granted on the same conditions if all previous editions of a translation in a language in general use in the Contracting State are out of print.
(c) If the owner of the right of translation cannot be found, then the applicant for a licence shall send copies of his application to the publisher whose name appears on the work and, if the nationality of the owner of the right of translation is known, to the diplomatic or consular representative of the State of which such owner is a national, or to the organization which may have been designated by the government of that State. The licence shall not be granted before the expiration of a period of two months from the date of the dispatch of the copies of the application.
(d) Due provision shall be made by domestic legislation to ensure to the owner of the right of translation a compensation which is just and conforms to international standards, to ensure payment and transmittal of such compensation, and to ensure a correct translation of the work.
(e) The original title and the name of the author of the work shall be printed on all copies of the published translation. The licence shall be valid only for publication of the translation in the territory of the Contracting State where it has been applied for. Copies so published may be imported and sold in another Contracting State if a language in general use in such other State is the same language as that into which the work has been so translated, and if the domestic law in such other State makes provision for such licences and does not prohibit such importation and sale. Where the foregoing conditions do not exist, the importation and sale of such copies in a Contracting State shall be governed by its domestic law and its agreements. The licence shall not be transferred by the licensee.
(f) The licence shall not be granted when the author has withdrawn from circulation all copies of the work.
1. Any Contracting State regarded as a developing country in conformity with the established practice of the General Assembly of the United Nations may, by a notification deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (hereinafter called “the Director-General”) at the time of its ratification, acceptance or accession or thereafter, avail itself of any or all of the exceptions provided for in Articles Vter and Vquater.
2. Any such notification shall be effective for ten years from the date of coming into force of this Convention, or for such part of that ten-year period as remains at the date of deposit of the notification, and may be renewed in whole or in part for further periods of ten years each if, not more than fifteen or less than three months before the expiration of the relevant ten-year period, the contracting State deposits a further notification with the Director-General. Initial notifications may also be made during these further periods of ten years in accordance with the provisions of this Article.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, a Contracting State that has ceased to be regarded as a developing country as referred to in paragraph 1 shall no longer be entitled to renew its notification made under the provisions of paragraph 1 or 2, and whether or not it formally withdraws the notification such State shall be precluded from availing itself of the exceptions provided for in Articles Vter and Vquater at the end of the current ten-year period, or at the end of three years after it has ceased to be regarded as a developing country, whichever period expires later.
4. Any copies of a work already made under the exceptions provided for in Articles Vter and Vquater may continue to be distributed after the expiration of the period for which notifications under this Article were effective until their stock is exhausted.
5. Any Contracting State that has deposited a notification in accordance with Article XIII with respect to the application of this Convention to a particular country or territory, the situation of which can be regarded as analogous to that of the States referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, may also deposit notifications and renew them in accordance with the provisions of this Article with respect to any such country or territory. During the effective period of such notifications, the provisions of Articles Vter and Vquater may be applied with respect to such country or territory. The sending of copies from the country or territory to the Contracting State shall be considered as export within the meaning of Articles Vter and Vquater.
1. (a) Any Contracting State to which Article Vbis (1) applies may substitute for the period of seven years provided for in Article V(2) a period of three years or any longer period prescribed by its legislation. However, in the case of a translation into a language not in general use in one or more developed countries that are party to this Convention or only the 1952 Convention, the period shall be one year instead of three.
(b) A Contracting State to which Article Vbis (1) applies may, with the unanimous agreement of the developed countries party to this Convention or only the 1952 Convention and in which the same language is in general use, substitute, in the case of translation into that language, for the period of three years provided for in sub-paragraph (a) another period as determined by such agreement but not shorter than one year. However, this sub-paragraph shall not apply where the language in question is English, French or Spanish. Notification of any such agreement shall be made to the Director-General.
(c) The licence may only be granted if the applicant, in accordance with the procedure of the State concerned, establishes either that he has requested, and been denied, authorization by the owner of the right of translation, or that, after due diligence on his part, he was unable to find the owner of the right. At the same time as he makes his request he shall inform either the International Copyright Information Centre established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization or any national or regional information centre which may have been designated in a notification to that effect deposited with the Director-General by the government of the State in which the publisher is believed to have his principal place of business.
(d) If the owner of the right of translation cannot be found, the applicant for a licence shall send, by registered airmail, copies of his application to the publisher whose name appears on the work and to any national or regional information centre as mentioned in sub-paragraph (c). If no such centre is notified he shall also send a copy to the international copyright information centre established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
2. (a) Licences obtainable after three years shall not be granted under this Article until a further period of six months has elapsed and licences obtainable after one year until a further period of nine months has elapsed. The further period shall begin either from the date of the request for permission to translate mentioned in paragraph 1(c) or, if the identity or address of the owner of the right of translation is not known, from the date of dispatch of the copies of the application for a licence mentioned in paragraph 1(d).
(b) Licences shall not be granted if a translation has been published by the owner of the right of translation or with his authorization during the said period of six or nine months.
3. Any licence under this Article shall be granted only for the purpose of teaching, scholarship or research.
4. (a) Any licence granted under this Article shall not extend to the export of copies and shall be valid only for publication in the territory of the Contracting State where it has been applied for.
(b) Any copy published in accordance with a licence granted under this Article shall bear a notice in the appropriate language stating that the copy is available for distribution only in the Contracting State granting the licence. If the writing bears the notice specified in Article III (1) the copies shall bear the same notice.
(c) The prohibition of export provided for in sub-paragraph (a) shall not apply where a governmental or other public entity of a State which has granted a licence under this Article to translate a work into a language other than English, French or Spanish sends copies of a translation prepared under such licence to another country if:
(i) the recipients are individuals who are nationals of the Contracting State granting the licence, or organizations grouping such individuals;
(ii) the copies are to be used only for the purpose of teaching, scholarship or research;
(iii) the sending of the copies and their subsequent distribution to recipients is without the object of commercial purpose; and
(iv) the country to which the copies have been sent has agreed with the Contracting State to allow the receipt, distribution or both and the Director-General has been notified of such agreement by any one of the governments which have concluded it.
5. Due provision shall be made at the national level to ensure:
(a) that the licence provides for just compensation that is consistent with standards of royalties normally operating in the case of licences freely negotiated between persons in the two countries concerned; and
(b) payment and transmittal of the compensation; however, should national currency regulations intervene, the competent authority shall make all efforts, by the use of international machinery, to ensure transmittal in internationally convertible currency or its equivalent.
6. Any licence granted by a Contracting State under this Article shall terminate if a translation of the work in the same language with substantially the same content as the edition in respect of which the licence was granted is published in the said State by the owner of the right of translation or with his authorization, at a price reasonably related to that normally charged in the same State for comparable works. Any copies already made before the licence is terminated may continue to be distributed until their stock is exhausted.
7. For works which are composed mainly of illustrations a licence to translate the text and to reproduce the illustrations may be granted only if the conditions of Article Vquater are also fulfilled.
8. (a) A licence to translate a work protected under this Convention, published in printed or analogous forms of reproduction, may also be granted to a broadcasting organization having its headquarters in a Contracting State to which Article Vbis (1) applies, upon an application made in that State by the said organization under the following conditions:
(i) the translation is made from a copy made and acquired in accordance with the laws of the Contracting State;
(ii) the translation is for use only in broadcasts intended exclusively for teaching or for the dissemination of the results of specialized technical or scientific research to experts in a particular profession;
(iii) the translation is used exclusively for the purposes set out in condition (ii), through broadcasts lawfully made which are intended for recipients on the territory of the Contracting State, including broadcasts made through the medium of sound or visual recordings lawfully and exclusively made for the purpose of such broadcasts;
(iv) sound or visual recordings of the translation may be exchanged only between broadcasting organizations having their headquarters in the Contracting State granting the licence; and
(v) all uses made of the translation are without any commercial purpose.
(b) Provided all of the criteria and conditions set out in sub-paragraph (a) are met, a licence may also be granted to a broadcasting organization to translate any text incorporated in an audio-visual fixation which was itself prepared and published for the sole purpose of being used in connexion with systematic instructional activities.
(c) Subject to sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), the other provisions of this Article shall apply to the grant and exercise of the licence.
9. Subject to the provisions of this Article, any licence granted under this Article shall be governed by the provisions of Article V, and shall continue to be governed by the provisions of Article V and of this Article, even after the seven-year period provided for in Article V(2) has expired. However, after the said period has expired, the licensee shall be free to request that the said licence be replaced by a new licence governed exclusively by the provisions of Article V.
1. Any Contracting State to which Article Vbis (1) applies may adopt the following provisions:
(a) If, after the expiration of (i) the relevant period specified in sub-paragraph (c) commencing from the date of first publication of a particular edition of a literary, scientific or artistic work referred to in paragraph 3, or (ii) any longer period determined by national legislation of the State, copies of such edition have not been distributed in that State to the general public or in connexion with systematic instructional activities at a price reasonably related to that normally charged in the State for comparable works, by the owner of the right of reproduction or with his authorization, any national of such State may obtain a non-exclusive licence from the competent authority to publish such edition at that or a lower price for use in connexion with systematic instructional activities. The licence may only be granted if such national, in accordance with the procedure of the State concerned, establishes either that he has requested, and been denied, authorization by the proprietor of the right to publish such work, or that, after due diligence on his part, he was unable to find the owner of the right. At the same time as he makes his request he shall inform either the international copyright information centre established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization or any national or regional information centre referred to in sub-paragraph (d).
(b) A licence may also be granted on the same conditions if, for a period of six months, no authorized copies of the edition in question have been on sale in the State concerned to the general public or in connexion with systematic instructional activities at a price reasonably related to that normally charged in the State for comparable works.
(c) The period referred to in sub-paragraph (a) shall be five years except that:
(i) for works of the natural and physical sciences, including mathematics, and of technology, the period shall be three years;
(ii) for works of fiction, poetry, drama and music, and for art books, the period shall be seven years.
(d) If the owner of the right of reproduction cannot be found, the applicant for a licence shall send, by registered air mail, copies of his application to the publisher whose name appears on the work and to any national or regional information centre identified as such in a notification deposited with the Director-General by the State in which the publisher is believed to have his principal place of business. In the absence of any such notification, he shall also send a copy to the international copyright information centre established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The licence shall not be granted before the expiration of a period of three months from the date of dispatch of the copies of the application.
(e) Licences obtainable after three years shall not be granted under this Article:
(i) until a period of six months has elapsed from the date of the request for permission referred to in sub-paragraph (a) or, if the identity or address of the owner of the right of reproduction is unknown, from the date of the dispatch of the copies of the application for a licence referred to in sub-paragraph (d);
(ii) if any such distribution of copies of the edition as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) has taken place during that period.
(f) The name of the author and the title of the particular edition of the work shall be printed on all copies of the published reproduction. The licence shall not extend to the export of copies and shall be valid only for publication in the territory of the Contracting State where it has been applied for. The licence shall not be transferable by the licensee.
(g) Due provision shall be made by domestic legislation to ensure an accurate reproduction of the particular edition in question.
(h) A licence to reproduce and publish a translation of a work shall not be granted under this Article in the following cases:
(i) where the translation was not published by the owner of the right of translation or with his authorization;
(ii) where the translation is not in a language in general use in the State with power to grant the licence.
2. The exceptions provided for in paragraph 1 are subject to the following additional provisions:
(a) Any copy published in accordance with a licence granted under this Article shall bear a notice in the appropriate language stating that the copy is available for distribution only in the Contracting State to which the said licence applies. If the edition bears the notice specified in Article III (1), the copies shall bear the same notice.
(b) Due provision shall be made at the national level to ensure:
(i) that the licence provides for just compensation that is consistent with standards of royalties normally operating in the case of licences freely negotiated between persons in the two countries concerned; and
(ii) payment and transmittal of the compensation; however, should national currency regulations intervene, the competent authority shall make all efforts, by the use of international machinery, to ensure transmittal in internationally convertible currency or its equivalent.
(c) Whenever copies of an edition of a work are distributed in the Contracting State to the general public or in connexion with systematic instructional activities, by the owner of the right of reproduction or with his authorization, at a price reasonably related to that normally charged in the State for comparable works, any licence granted under this Article shall terminate if such edition is in the same language and is substantially the same in content as the edition published under the licence. Any copies already made before the licence is terminated may continue to be distributed until their stock is exhausted.
(d) No licence shall be granted when the author has withdrawn from circulation all copies of the edition in question.
3. (a) Subject to sub-paragraph (b), the literary, scientific or artistic works to which this Article applies shall be limited to works published in printed or analogous forms of reproduction.
(b) The provisions of this Article shall also apply to reproduction in audio-visual form of lawfully made audio-visual fixations including any protected works incorporated therein and to the translation of any incorporated text into a language in general use in the State with power to grant the license; always provided that the audio-visual fixations in question were prepared and published for the sole purpose of being used in connexion with systematic instructional activities.
“Publication”, as used in this Convention, means the reproduction in tangible form and the general distribution to the public of copies of a work from which it can be read or otherwise visually perceived.
This Convention shall not apply to works or rights in works which, at the effective date of this Convention in a Contracting State where protection is claimed, are permanently in the public domain in the said Contracting State.
1. This Convention, which shall bear the date of 24 July 1971, shall be deposited with the Director-General and shall remain open for signature by all States party to the 1952 Convention for a period of 120 days after the date of this Convention. It shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by the signatory States.
2. Any State which has not signed this Convention may accede thereto.
3. Ratification, acceptance or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Director-General.
1. This Convention shall come into force three months after the deposit of twelve instruments of ratification, acceptance or accession.
2. Subsequently, this Convention shall come into force in respect of each State three months after that State has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession.
3. Accession to this Convention by a State not party to the 1952 Convention shall also constitute accession to that Convention; however, if its instrument of accession is deposited before this Convention comes into force, such State may make its accession to the 1952 Convention conditional upon the coming into force of this Convention. After the coming into force of this Convention, no State may accede solely to the 1952 Convention.
4. Relations between States party to this Convention and States that are party only to the 1952 Convention, shall be governed by the 1952 Convention. However, any State party only to the 1952 Convention may, by a notification deposited with the Director-General, declare that it will admit the application of the 1971 Convention to works of its nationals or works first published in its territory by all States party to this Convention.
1. Each Contracting State undertakes to adopt, in accordance with its Constitution, such measures as are necessary to ensure the application of this Convention.
2. It is understood that at the date this Convention comes into force in respect of any State, that State must be in a position under its domestic law to give effect to the terms of this Convention.
1. An Intergovernmental Committee is hereby established with the following duties:
(a) to study the problems concerning the application and operation of the Universal Copyright Convention;
(b) to make preparation for periodic revisions of this Convention;
(c) to study any other problems concerning the international protection of copyright, in co-operation with the various interested international organizations, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Organization of American States;
(d) to inform States party to the Universal Copyright Convention as to its activities.
2. The Committee shall consist of the representatives of eighteen States party to this Convention or only to the 1952 Convention.
3. The Committee shall be selected with due consideration to a fair balance of national interests on the basis of geographical location, population, languages and stage of development.
4. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization and the Secretary-General of the Organization of American States, or their representatives, may attend meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity.
The Intergovernmental Committee shall convene a conference for revision whenever it deems necessary, or at the request of at least ten States party to this Convention.
1. Any Contracting State may, at the time of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, or at any time thereafter, declare by notification addressed to the Director-General that this Convention shall apply to all or any of the countries or territories for the international relations of which it is responsible and this Convention shall thereupon apply to the countries or territories named in such notification after the expiration of the term of three months provided for in Article IX. In the absence of such notification, this Convention shall not apply to any such country or territory.
2. However, nothing in this Article shall be understood as implying the recognition or tacit acceptance by a Contracting State of the factual situation concerning a country or territory to which this Convention is made applicable by another Contracting State in accordance with the provisions of this Article.
1. Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention in its own name or on behalf of all or any of the countries or territories with respect to which a notification has been given under Article XIII. The denunciation shall be made by notification addressed to the Director-General. Such denunciation shall also constitute denunciation of the 1952 Convention.
2. Such denunciation shall operate only in respect of the State or of the country or territory on whose behalf it was made and shall not take effect until twelve months after the date of receipt of the notification.
A dispute between two or more Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, not settled by negotiation, shall, unless the States concerned agree on some other method of settlement, be brought before the International Court of Justice for determination by it.
1. This Convention shall be established in English, French, and Spanish. The three texts shall be signed and shall be equally authoritative.
2. Official texts of this Convention shall be established by the Director-General, after consultation with the governments concerned, in Arabic, German, Italian and Portuguese.
3. Any Contracting State or group of Contracting States shall be entitled to have established by the Director-General other texts in the language of its choice by arrangement with the Director-General.
4. All such texts shall be annexed to the signed texts of this Convention.
1. This Convention shall not in any way affect the provisions of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works or membership in the Union created by that Convention.
2. In application of the foregoing paragraph, a declaration has been annexed to the present Article. This declaration is an integral part of this Convention for the States bound by the Berne Convention on 1 January 1951, or which have or may become bound to it at a later date. The signature of this Convention by such States shall also constitute signature of the said declaration, and ratification, acceptance or accession by such States shall include the declaration, as well as this Convention.
This Convention shall not abrogate multilateral or bilateral copyright conventions or arrangements that are or may be in effect exclusively between two or more American Republics. In the event of any difference either between the provisions of such existing conventions or arrangements and the provisions of this Convention, or between the provisions of this Convention and those of any new convention or arrangement which may be formulated between two or more American Republics after this Convention comes into force, the convention or arrangement most recently formulated shall prevail between the parties thereto. Rights in works acquired in any Contracting State under existing conventions or arrangements before the date this Convention comes into force in such State shall not be affected.
This Convention shall not abrogate multilateral or bilateral conventions or arrangements in effect between two or more Contracting States. In the event of any difference between the provisions of such existing conventions or arrangements and the provisions of this Convention, the provisions of this Convention shall prevail. Rights in works acquired in any Contracting State under existing conventions or arrangements before the date on which this Convention comes into force in such State shall not be affected. Nothing in this Article shall affect the provisions of Articles XVII and XVIII.
Reservations to this Convention shall not be permitted.
1. The Director-General shall send duly certified copies of this Convention to the States interested and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration by him.
2. He shall also inform all interested States of the ratifications, acceptances and accessions which have been deposited, the date on which this Convention comes into force, the notifications under this Convention and denunciations under Article XIV.
The States which are members of the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (hereinafter called “the Berne Union”) and which are signatories to this Convention,
Desiring to reinforce their mutual relations on the basis of the said Union and to avoid any conflict which might result from the coexistence of the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention,
Recognizing the temporary need of some States to adjust their level of copyright protection in accordance with their stage of cultural, social and economic development,
Have, by common agreement, accepted the terms of the following declaration:
(a) Except as provided by paragraph (b), works which, according to the Berne Convention, have as their country of origin a country which has withdrawn from the Berne Union after 1 January 1951, shall not be protected by the Universal Copyright Convention in the countries of the Berne Union;
(b) Where a Contracting State is regarded as a developing country in conformity with the established practice of the General Assembly of the United Nations, and has deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, at the time of its withdrawal from the Berne Union, a notification to the effect that it regards itself as a developing country, the provisions of paragraph (a) shall not be applicable as long as such State may avail itself of the exceptions provided for by this Convention in accordance with Article Vbis;
(c) The Universal Copyright Convention shall not be applicable to the relationships among countries of the Berne Union in so far as it relates to the protection of works having as their country of origin, within the meaning of the Berne Convention, a country of the Berne Union.
The Conference for Revision of the Universal Copyright Convention,
Having considered the problems relating to the Intergovernmental Committee provided for in Article XI of this Convention, to which this resolution is annexed,
Resolves that:
1. At its inception, the Committee shall include representatives of the twelve States members of the Intergovernmental Committee established under Article XI of the 1952 Convention and the resolution annexed to it, and, in addition, representatives of the following States: Algeria, Australia, Japan, Mexico, Senegal and Yugoslavia.
2. Any States that are not party to the 1952 Convention and have not acceded to this Convention before the first ordinary session of the Committee following the entry into force of this Convention shall be replaced by other States to be selected by the Committee at its first ordinary session in conformity with the provisions of Article XI (2) and (3).
3. As soon as this Convention comes into force the Committee as provided for in paragraph 1 shall be deemed to be constituted in accordance with Article XI of this Convention.
4. A session of the Committee shall take place within one year after the coming into force of this Convention; thereafter the Committee shall meet in ordinary session at intervals of not more than two years.
5. The Committee shall elect its Chairman and two Vice-Chairmen. It shall establish its Rules of Procedure having regard to the following principles:
(a) The normal duration of the term of office of the members represented on the Committee shall be six years with one-third retiring every two years, it being however, understood that, of the original terms of office, one-third shall expire at the end of the Committee's second ordinary session which will follow the entry into force of this Convention, a further third at the end of its third ordinary session, and the remaining third at the end of its fourth ordinary session.
(b) The rules governing the procedure whereby the Committee shall fill vacancies, the order in which terms of membership expire, eligibility for reelection, and election procedures, shall be based upon a balancing of the needs for continuity of membership and rotation of representation, as well as the considerations set out in Article XI(3).
Expresses the wish that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization provide its Secretariat.
In faith whereof the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have signed this Convention.
Done at Paris, this twenty-fourth day of July 1971, in a single copy.
The States party hereto, being also party to the Universal Copyright Convention as revised at Paris on 24 July 1971 (hereinafter called “the 1971 Convention”),
Have accepted the following provisions:
1. Stateless persons and refugees who have their habitual residence in a State party to this Protocol shall, for the purposes of the 1971 Convention, be assimilated to the nationals of that State.
2. (a) This Protocol shall be signed and shall be subject to ratification or acceptance, or may be acceded to, as if the provisions of Article VIII of the 1971 Convention applied hereto.
(b) This Protocol shall enter into force in respect of each State, on the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession of the State concerned or on the date of entry into force of the 1971 Convention with respect to such State, whichever is the later.
(c) On the entry into force of this Protocol in respect of a State not party to Protocol 1 annexed to the 1952 Convention, the latter Protocol shall be deemed to enter into force in respect of such State.
In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Paris this twenty-fourth day of July 1971, in the English, French and Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The Director-General shall send certified copies to the signatory States, and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration.
The States party hereto, being also party to the Universal Copyright Convention as revised at Paris on 24 July 1971 (hereinafter called “the 1971 Convention”),
Have accepted the following provisions:
1. (a) The protection provided for in Article II (1) of the 1971 Convention shall apply to works published for the first time by the United Nations, by the Specialized Agencies in relationship therewith, or by the Organization of American States.
(b) Similarly, Article II (2) of the 1971 Convention shall apply to the said organization or agencies.
2. (a) This Protocol shall be signed and shall be subject to ratification or acceptance, or may be acceded to, as if the provisions of Article VIII of the 1971 Convention applied hereto.
(b) This Protocol shall enter into force for each State on the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession of the State concerned or on the date of entry into force of the 1971 Convention with respect to such State, whichever is the later.
In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Paris, this twenty-fourth day of July 1971, in the English, French and Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The Director-General shall send certified copies to the signatory States, and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration.
The Unesco Universal Copyright Convention was adopted by the Intergovernmental Copyright Conference at Geneva, Switzerland, on Sept. 6, 1952. It entered into force for the United States on Sept. 16, 1955.
The text of the Convention is as follows: The Contracting States,
Moved by the desire to assure in all countries copyright protection of literary, scientific and artistic works,
Convinced that a system of copyright protection appropriate to all nations of the world and expressed in a universal convention, additional to, and without impairing international systems already in force, will ensure respect for the rights of the individual and encourage the development of literature, the sciences and the arts,
Persuaded that such a universal copyright system will facilitate a wider dissemination of works of the human mind and increase international understanding,
Have agreed as follows:
Each Contracting State undertakes to provide for the adequate and effective protection of the rights of authors and other copyright proprietors in literary, scientific and artistic works, including writings, musical, dramatic and cinematographic works, and paintings, engravings and sculpture.
1. Published works of nationals of any Contracting State and works first published in that State shall enjoy in each other Contracting State the same protection as that other State accords to works of its nationals first published in its own territory.
2. Unpublished works of nationals of each Contracting State shall enjoy in each other Contracting State the same protection as that other State accords to unpublished works of its own nationals.
3. For the purpose of this Convention any Contracting State may, by domestic legislation, assimilate to its own nationals any person domiciled in that State.
1. Any Contracting State which, under its domestic law, requires as a condition of copyright, compliance with formalities such as deposit, registration, notice, notarial certificates, payment of fees or manufacture or publication in that Contracting State, shall regard these requirements as satisfied with respect to all works protected in accordance with this Convention and first published outside its territory and the author of which is not one of its nationals, if from the time of the first publication all the copies of the work published with the authority of the author or other copyright proprietor bear the symbol G6�AF accompanied by the name of the copyright proprietor and the year of first publication placed in such manner and location as to give reasonable notice of claim of copyright.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall not preclude any Contracting State from requiring formalities or other conditions for the acquisition and enjoyment of copyright in respect of works first published in its territory or works of its nationals wherever published.
3. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall not preclude any Contracting State from providing that a person seeking judicial relief must, in bringing the action, comply with procedural requirements, such as that the complainant must appear through domestic counsel or that the complainant must deposit with the court or an administrative office, or both, a copy of the work involved in the litigation; provided that failure to comply with such requirements shall not affect the validity of the copyright, nor shall any such requirement be imposed upon a national of another Contracting State if such requirement is not imposed on nationals of the State in which protection is claimed.
4. In each Contracting State there shall be legal means of protecting without formalities the unpublished works of nationals of other Contracting States.
5. If a Contracting State grants protection for more than one term of copyright and the first term is for a period longer than one of the minimum periods prescribed in article IV, such State shall not be required to comply with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article III in respect of the second or any subsequent term of copyright.
1. The duration of protection of a work shall be governed, in accordance with the provisions of article II and this article, by the law of the Contracting State in which protection is claimed.
2. The term of protection for works protected under this Convention shall not be less than the life of the author and 25 years after his death.
However, any Contracting State which, on the effective date of this Convention in that State, has limited this term for certain classes of works to a period computed from the first publication of the work, shall be entitled to maintain these exceptions and to extend them to other classes of works. For all these classes the term of protection shall not be less than 25 years from the date of first publication.
Any Contracting State which, upon the effective date of this Convention in that State, does not compute the term of protection upon the basis of the life of the author, shall be entitled to compute the term of protection from the date of the first publication of the work or from its registration prior to publication, as the case may be, provided the term of protection shall not be less than 25 years from the date of first publication or from its registration prior to publication, as the case may be.
If the legislation of a Contracting State grants two or more successive terms of protection, the duration of the first term shall not be less than one of the minimum periods specified above.
3. The provisions of paragraph 2 of this article shall not apply to photographic works or to works of applied art; provided, however, that the term of protection in those Contracting States which protect photographic works, or works of applied art in so far as they are protected as artistic works, shall not be less than ten years for each of said classes of works.
4. No Contracting State shall be obliged to grant protection to a work for a period longer than that fixed for the class of works to which the work in question belongs, in the case of unpublished works by the law of the Contracting State of which the author is a national, and in the case of published works by the law of the Contracting State in which the work has been first published.
For the purposes of the application of the preceding provision, if the law of any Contracting State grants two or more successive terms of protection, the period of protection of that State shall be considered to be the aggregate of those terms. However, if a specified work is not protected by such State during the second or any subsequent term for any reason, the other Contracting States shall not be obliged to protect it during the second or any subsequent term.
5. For the purposes of the application of paragraph 4 of this article, the work of a national of a Contracting State, first published in a non-Contracting State, shall be treated as though first published in the Contracting State of which the author is a national.
6. For the purposes of the application of paragraph 4 of this article, in case of simultaneous publication in two or more Contracting States, the work shall be treated as though first published in the State which affords the shortest term; any work published in two or more Contracting States within thirty days of its first publication shall be considered as having been published simultaneously in said Contracting States.
1. Copyright shall include the exclusive right of the author to make, publish, and authorize the making and publication of translations of works protected under this Convention.
2. However, any Contracting State may, by its domestic legislation, restrict the right of translation of writings, but only subject to the following provisions:
If, after the expiration of a period of seven years from the date of the first publication of a writing, a translation of such writing has not been published in the national language or languages, as the case may be, of the Contracting State, by the owner of the right of translation or with his authorization, any national of such Contracting State may obtain a non-exclusive license from the competent authority thereof to translate the work and publish the work so translated in any of the national languages in which it has not been published; provided that such national, in accordance with the procedure of the State concerned, establishes either that he has requested, and been denied, authorization by the proprietor of the right to make and publish the translation, or that, after due diligence on his part, he was unable to find the owner of the right. A license may also be granted on the same conditions if all previous editions of a translation in such language are out of print.
If the owner of the right of translation cannot be found, then the applicant for a license shall send copies of his application to the publisher whose name appears on the work and, if the nationality of the owner of the right of translation is known, to the diplomatic or consular representative of the State of which such owner is a national, or to the organization which may have been designated by the government of that State. The license shall not be granted before the expiration of a period of two months from the date of the dispatch of the copies of the application.
Due provision shall be made by domestic legislation to assure to the owner of the right of translation a compensation which is just and conforms to international standards, to assure payment and transmittal of such compensation, and to assure a correct translation of the work.
The original title and the name of the author of the work shall be printed on all copies of the published translation. The license shall be valid only for publication of the translation in the territory of the Contracting State where it has been applied for. Copies so published may be imported and sold in another Contracting State if one of the national languages of such other State is the same language as that into which the work has been so translated, and if the domestic law in such other State makes provision for such licenses and does not prohibit such importation and sale. Where the foregoing conditions do not exist, the importation and sale of such copies in a Contracting State shall be governed by its domestic law and its agreements. The license shall not be transferred by the licensee.
The license shall not be granted when the author has withdrawn from circulation all copies of the work.
“Publication”, as used in this Convention, means the reproduction in tangible form and the general distribution to the public of copies of a work from which it can be read or otherwise visually perceived.
This Convention shall not apply to works or rights in works which, at the effective date of the Convention in a Contracting State where protection is claimed, are permanently in the public domain in the said Contracting State.
1. This Convention, which shall bear the date of September 6, 1952, shall be deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and shall remain open for signature by all States for a period of 120 days after that date. It shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by the signatory States.
2. Any State which has not signed this Convention may accede thereto.
3. Ratification, acceptance or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
1. This Convention shall come into force three months after the deposit of twelve instruments of ratification, acceptance or accession, among which there shall be those of four States which are not members of the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
2. Subsequently, this Convention shall come into force in respect of each State three months after that State has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession.
1. Each State party to this Convention undertakes to adopt, in accordance with its Constitution, such measures as are necessary to ensure the application of this Convention.
2. It is understood, however, that at the time an instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession is deposited on behalf of any State, such State must be in a position under its domestic law to give effect to the terms of this Convention.
1. An Intergovernmental Committee is hereby established with the following duties:
(a) to study the problems concerning the application and operation of this Convention;
(b) to make preparation for periodic revisions of this Convention;
(c) to study any other problems concerning the international protection of copyright, in co-operation with the various interested international organizations, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Organization of American States;
(d) to inform the Contracting States as to its activities.
2. The Committee shall consist of the representatives of twelve Contracting States to be selected with due consideration to fair geographical representation and in conformity with the Resolution relating to this article, annexed to this Convention.
The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Director of the Bureau of the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Secretary-General of the Organization of American States, or their representatives, may attend meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity.
The Intergovernmental Committee shall convene a conference for revision of this Convention whenever it deems necessary, or at the request of at least ten Contracting States, or of a majority of the Contracting States if there are less than twenty Contracting States.
Any Contracting State may, at the time of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, or at any time thereafter, declare by notification addressed to the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization that this Convention shall apply to all or any of the countries or territories for the international relations of which it is responsible and this Convention shall thereupon apply to the countries or territories named in such notification after the expiration of the term of three months provided for in article IX. In the absence of such notification, this Convention shall not apply to any such country or territory.
1. Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention in its own name or on behalf of all or any of the countries or territories as to which a notification has been given under article XIII. The denunciation shall be made by notification addressed to the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
2. Such denunciation shall operate only in respect of the State or of the country or territory on whose behalf it was made and shall not take effect until twelve months after the date of receipt of the notification.
A dispute between two or more Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, not settled by negotiation, shall, unless the States concerned agree on some other method of settlement, be brought before the International Court of Justice for determination by it.
1. This Convention shall be established in English, French and Spanish. The three texts shall be signed and shall be equally authoritative.
2. Official texts of this Convention shall be established in German, Italian and Portuguese.
Any Contracting State or group of Contracting States shall be entitled to have established by the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization other texts in the language of its choice by arrangement with the Director-General.
All such texts shall be annexed to the signed texts of this Convention.
1. This Convention shall not in any way affect the provisions of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works or membership in the Union created by that Convention.
2. In application of the foregoing paragraph, a Declaration has been annexed to the present article. This Declaration is an integral part of this Convention for the States bound by the Berne Convention on January 1, 1951, or which have or may become bound to it at a later date. The signature of this Convention by such States shall also constitute signature of the said Declaration, and ratification, acceptance or accession by such States shall include the Declaration as well as the Convention.
This Convention shall not abrogate multilateral or bilateral copyright conventions or arrangements that are or may be in effect exclusively between two or more American Republics. In the event of any difference either between the provisions of such existing conventions or arrangements and the provisions of this Convention, or between the provisions of this Convention and those of any new convention or arrangement which may be formulated between two or more American Republics after this Convention comes into force, the convention or arrangement most recently formulated shall prevail between the parties thereto. Rights in works acquired in any Contracting State under existing conventions or arrangements before the date this Convention comes into force in such State shall not be affected.
This Convention shall not abrogate multilateral or bilateral conventions or arrangements in effect between two or more Contracting States. In the event of any difference between the provisions of such existing conventions or arrangements and the provisions of this Convention, the provisions of this Convention shall prevail. Rights in works acquired in any Contracting State under existing conventions or arrangements before the date on which this Convention comes into force in such State shall not be affected. Nothing in this article shall affect the provisions of article XVII and XVIII of this Convention.
Reservations to this Convention shall not be permitted.
The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization shall send duly certified copies of this Convention to the States interested, to the Swiss Federal Council and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration by him.
He shall also inform all interested States of the ratifications, acceptances and accessions which have been deposited, the date on which this Convention comes into force, the notifications under Article XIII of this Convention, and denunciations under Article XIV.
The States which are members of the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and which are signatories to the Universal Copyright Convention,
Desiring to reinforce their mutual relations on the basis of the said Union and to avoid any conflict which might result from the co-existence of the Convention of Berne and the Universal Convention,
Have, by common agreement, accepted the terms of the following declaration:
(a) Works which, according to the Berne Convention, have as their country of origin a country which has withdrawn from the International Union created by the said Convention, after January 1, 1951, shall not be protected by the Universal Copyright Convention in the countries of the Berne Union;
(b) The Universal Copyright Convention shall not be applicable to the relationships among countries of the Berne Union insofar as it relates to the protection of works having as their country of origin, within the meaning of the Berne Convention, a country of the International Union created by the said Convention.
Having considered the problems relating to the Intergovernmental Committee provided for in Article XI of the Universal Copyright Convention
1. The first members of the Committee shall be representatives of the following twelve States, each of those States designating one representative and an alternate: Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States of America.
2. The Committee shall be constituted as soon as the Convention comes into force in accordance with article XI of this Convention;
3. The Committee shall elect its Chairman and one Vice-Chairman. It shall establish its rules of procedure having regard to the following principles:
(a) the normal duration of the term of office of the representatives shall be six years; with one third retiring every two years;
(b) before the expiration of the term of office of any members, the Committee shall decide which States shall cease to be represented on it and which States shall be called upon to designate representatives; the representatives of those States which have not ratified, accepted or acceded shall be the first to retire;
(c) the different parts of the world shall be fairly represented;
that the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization provide its Secretariat.
In faith whereof the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have signed this Convention. Done at Geneva, this sixth day of September, 1952 in a single copy.
Protocol 1 annexed to the Universal Copyright Convention concerning the application of that Convention to the works of stateless persons and refugees
The States parties hereto, being also parties to the Universal Copyright Convention (hereinafter referred to as the “Convention”) have accepted the following provisions:
1. Stateless persons and refugees who have their habitual residence in a State party to this Protocol shall, for the purposes of the Convention, be assimilated to the nationals of that State.
2. (a) This Protocol shall be signed and shall be subject to ratification or acceptance, or may be acceded to, as if the provisions of article VIII of the Convention applied hereto.
(b) This Protocol shall enter into force in respect of each State, on the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession of the State concerned or on the date of entry into force of the Convention with respect to such State, whichever is the later.
In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Geneva this sixth day of September, 1952, in the English, French and Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be deposited with the Director-General of Unesco. The Director-General shall send certified copies to the signatory States, to the Swiss Federal Council and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration.
Protocol 2 annexed to the Universal Copyright Convention, concerning the application of that Convention to the works of certain international organizations
The State parties hereto, being also parties to the Universal Copyright Convention (hereinafter referred to as the “Convention”),
Have accepted the following provisions:
1. (a) The protection provided for in article II (1) of the Convention shall apply to works published for the first time by the United Nations, by the Specialized Agencies in relationship therewith, or by the Organisation of American States;
(b) Similarly, article II (2) of the Convention shall apply to the said organisation or agencies.
2. (a) This Protocol shall be signed and shall be subject to ratification or acceptance, or may be acceded to, as if the provisions of article VIII of the Convention applied hereto.
(b) This Protocol shall enter into force for each State on the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession of the State concerned or on the date of entry into force of the Convention with respect to such State, whichever is the later.
In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Geneva, this sixth day of September, 1952, in the English, French and Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be deposited with the Director-General of the Unesco.
The Director-General shall send certificated copies to the signatory States, to the Swiss Federal Council, and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration.
Protocol 3 annexed to the Universal Copyright Convention concerning the effective date of instruments of ratification or acceptance of or accession to that Convention
States parties hereto,
Recognizing that the application of the Universal Copyright Convention (hereinafter referred to as the “Convention”) to States participating in all the international copyright systems already in force will contribute greatly to the value of the Convention;
Have agreed as follows:
1. Any State party hereto may, on depositing its instrument of ratification or acceptance of or accession to the Convention, notify the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (hereinafter referred to as “Director-General”) that that instrument shall not take effect for the purposes of Article IX of the Convention until any other State named in such notification shall have deposited its instrument.
2. The notification referred to in paragraph 1 above shall accompany the instrument to which it relates.
3. The Director-General shall inform all States signatory or which have then acceded to the Convention of any notifications received in accordance with this Protocol.
4. This Protocol shall bear the same date and shall remain open for signature for the same period as the Convention.
5. It shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by the signatory States. Any State which has not signed this Protocol may accede thereto.
6. (a) Ratification or acceptance or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Director-General.
(b) This Protocol shall enter into force on the date of deposit of not less than four instruments of ratification or acceptance or accession. The Director-General shall inform all interested States of this date. Instruments deposited after such date shall take effect on the date of their deposit.
In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Geneva, the sixth day of September 1952, in the English, French and the Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be annexed to the original copy of the Convention. The Director-General shall send certified copies to the signatory States to the Swiss Federal Council, and to the Secretary-General of United Nations for registration.
The following is based on Treaties in Force, as of January 1, 2003, published by the Department of State:
By virtue of Presidential proclamations, treaties, and conventions, the United States has established copyright relations with various other countries. This note is an attempt to present a complete and annotated list of those countries.
Proclamations by the President of the United States extending copyright protection upon compliance with the provisions of the United States copyright law, to the works of foreign authors prior to July 1, 1909, were issued pursuant to the Act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stat. 1106) and those issued subsequent to July 1, 1909, were issued under the provisions of the Act of March 4, 1909 (35 Stat. 1075), as amended by the Act of December 18, 1919 (41 Stat. 368) and the Act of September 25, 1941 (55 Stat. 732). The Act of March 4, 1909, as amended, became Title 17 of the United States Code when it was codified and enacted into positive law by the Act of July 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 652). Title 17 of the United States Code was completely revised by the Act of October 19, 1976, (Public Law 94–553, 90 Stat. 2541), which became fully effective on January 1, 1978. A number of the proclamations were preceded or accompanied by exchanges of diplomatic notes which served as the basis for their issuance.
The period for compliance with the conditions and formalities prescribed by the copyright law was extended by proclamation with respect to certain works in the case of a number of countries because of the disruption or suspension of facilities essential for such compliance during World War I and World War II. In the case of World War I, this period for compliance was extended by proclamations issued under the Act of December 18, 1919 (41 Stat. 368) to fifteen months after the proclamation, as to works published after August 1, 1914, and before the proclamation of peace. In the case of World War II, this period was extended by proclamations issued under the Act of September 25, 1941 (55 Stat. 732) until such time as terminated or suspended, either by the terms of the proclamation itself or by the issuance of a subsequent proclamation. A number of the proclamations issued under the 1919 Act and all of the proclamations issued under the 1941 Act refer to rights previously granted.
| Country | Document | Date ofDocument | Effective Date for Party 28 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DMar. 6, 1994 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Sept. 8, 2000 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Algeria DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DAug. 28, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 19, 1998 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Andorra | UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. |
| Angola | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Nov. 23, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Antigua and Barbuda DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DJan. 1, 1995 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 17, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Argentina DPm DAug. 23, 1934 DAug. 23, 1934 D49 Stat. 3413. | ||||
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | Apr. 19, 1950 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Feb. 13, 1958 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Feb. 19, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg \32\ | Oct. 29, 1971 | June 30, 1973 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Armenia DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Dec. 13, 1993 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 19, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Australia 1 DPm DApr. 3, 1918 DMar. 15, 1918 D40 Stat. 1764. | ||||
| Pxx 2 | Dec. 29, 1949 | Dec. 29, 1949 | 64 Stat. A385. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | May 1, 1969 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | June 22, 1974 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Feb. 28, 1978 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 1, 1978 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Oct. 26, 1990 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Austria 3 DP DSept. 20, 1907 DSept. 20, 1907 D35 Stat. 2155. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Px | May 25, 1922 | May 25, 1922 | 42 Stat. 2273. | |
| Pm | Mar. 11, 1925 | Aug. 1, 1920 | 44 Stat. 2571. | |
| Pxx | June 15, 1960 | June 15, 1960 | 74 Stat. C69. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | July 2, 1957 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | Aug. 6, 1982 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 14, 1982 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 21, 1982 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 21, 1982 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Azerbaijan DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 4, 1999 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Sept. 1, 2001 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Bahamas, The DBerne (Brussels) DJune 26, 1948 DJuly 10, 1973 D331 UNTS 217. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Oct. 13, 1976 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 27, 1976 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Bahrain DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DJan. 1, 1995 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 2, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Bangladesh DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DAug. 5, 1975 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 5, 1975 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | May 4, 1999 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Barbados DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DJune 18, 1983 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | June 18, 1983 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | July 29, 1983 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | July 30, 1983 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Belarus DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 12, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Belgium DP DJuly 1, 1891 DJuly 1, 1891 D27 Stat. 981. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | June 14, 1911 | July 1, 1909 | 37 Stat. 1688. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 29, 1999 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Aug. 31, 1960 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Belize DUCC \20\ DSept. 6, 1952 DDec. 1, 1982 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 17, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Benin DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DMar. 12, 1975 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Feb. 22, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Bolivia DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DMay 15, 1914 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Mar. 22, 1990 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 22, 1990 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 4, 1993 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Sept. 12, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 11, 1966 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 1, 1992 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Mar. 6, 1992 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Botswana DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DMay 31, 1995 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 15, 1998 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Brazil DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DAug. 31, 1915 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| Pm | Apr. 2, 1957 | Apr. 2, 1957 | 8 UST 424. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 13, 1960 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 20, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Nov. 28, 1975 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 11, 1975 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Brunei | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Bulgaria DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DDec. 4, 1974 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | June 7, 1975 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | June 7, 1975 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Sept. 6, 1995 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Dec. 1, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Burkina Faso DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJan. 24, 1976 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Jan. 30, 1988 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | June 3, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Burma | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Burundi | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 23, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Cambodia 6 | UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. |
| Cameroon DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 1, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 10, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Dec. 13, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Canada 1 DPm DDec. 27, 1923 DJan. 1, 1924 D43 Stat. 1932. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Aug. 10, 1962 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 26, 1998 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Cape Verde | Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | July 7, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. |
| Central African Republic DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DSept. 3, 1977 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Chad DBerne (Brussels) DJune 26, 1948 DNov. 25, 1971 D331 UNTS 217. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Oct. 19, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Chile DP DMay 25, 1896 DMay 25, 1896 D29 Stat. 880. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | Nov. 18, 1925 | July 1, 1925 | 44 Stat. 2590. | |
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | June 14, 1955 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Mar. 24, 1977 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| China DT DOct. 8, 1903 DJan. 13, 1904 D33 Stat. 2208. | ||||
| T | Nov. 4, 1946 | Nov. 30, 1948 | 63 Stat. 1299. | |
| P 4 | Mar. 17, 1992 | Mar. 17, 1992 | 57 F. Reg. 9647. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 15, 1992 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Oct. 30, 1992 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 30, 1992 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 30, 1993 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Dec. 11, 2001 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Colombia DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DDec. 23, 1936 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | June 18, 1976 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | June 18, 1976 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 7, 1988 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | May 16, 1994 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Apr. 30, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Congo DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DDec. 5, 1975 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Mar. 27, 1997 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of (formerly Zaire) | Berne (Paris) Pg WTO |
July 24, 1971 Oct. 29, 1971 Apr. 15, 1994 |
Jan. 31, 1975 Nov. 29, 1977 Jan. 1, 1997 |
T. Doc. 99–27. 25 UST 309. 33 ILM 15. |
| Costa Rica DP DOct. 19, 1899 DOct. 19, 1899 D31 Stat. 1955. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| MCC | Jan. 27, 1902 | June 30, 1908 | 35 Stat. 1934. | |
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | Nov. 30, 1916 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 10, 1978 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 7, 1980 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | June 17, 1982 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | June 25, 1999 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Cote d'Ivoire DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DOct. 10, 1974 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Croatia DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 11, 1966 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 8, 1991 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Oct. 8, 1991 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 20, 2000 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Nov. 30, 2000 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Cuba DP DNov. 17, 1903 DNov. 17, 1903 D33 Stat. 2324. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | Nov. 27, 1911 | May 29, 1911 | 37 Stat. 1721. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | June 18, 1957 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Apr. 20, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Feb. 20, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Cyprus DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJuly 27, 1983 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Dec. 19, 1990 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 19, 1990 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Sept. 30, 1993 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 30, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Czech Republic \33\ DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DJan. 6, 1960 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 17, 1980 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 1, 1993 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Jan. 1, 1993 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Czechoslovakia 34, 35 | Pm | Apr. 27, 1927 | Mar. 1, 1927 | 45 Stat. 2906. |
| Danzig | Pm | Apr. 7, 1934 | Apr. 7, 1934 | 48 Stat. 1737. |
| Denmark 5 DP DMay 8, 1893 DMay 8, 1893 D28 Stat. 1219. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pmx | Dec. 9, 1920 | Dec. 9, 1920 | 41 Stat. 1810. | |
| Pxx | Feb. 4, 1952 | Feb. 4, 1952 | 66 Stat. C20. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Feb. 9, 1962 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Mar. 24, 1977 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 30, 1979 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 11, 1979 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Djibouti DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DMay 31, 1995 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | May 13, 2002 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Dominica DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DJan. 1, 1995 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 7, 1999 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Dominican Rep. DMCC DJan. 27, 1902 DJune 30, 1908 D35 Stat. 1934. | ||||
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | Oct. 31, 1912 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | May 8, 1983 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | May 8, 1983 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Mar. 9, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 24, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Ecuador DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DAug. 31, 1914 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | June 5, 1957 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Sept. 14, 1974 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 6, 1991 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 9, 1991 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 21, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Egypt DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJune 7, 1977 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 23, 1978 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | June 30, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| El Salvador DMCC DJan. 27, 1902 DJune 30, 1908 D35 Stat. 1934. | ||||
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Feb. 9, 1979 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Mar. 29, 1979 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 29, 1979 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Feb. 19, 1994 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 7, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Equatorial Guinea | Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 26, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. |
| Estonia DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DOct. 26, 1994 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | May 28, 2000 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Nov. 13, 1999 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| European Community | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Fiji DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMar. 13, 1972 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Brussels) | June 26, 1948 | Dec. 1, 1971 | 331 UNTS 217. | |
| Pg \32\ | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 18, 1973 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 14, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Finland DPm DDec. 15, 1928 DJan. 1, 1929 D45 Stat. 2980. | ||||
| Pxx | Nov. 16, 1951 | Nov. 16, 1951 | 66 Stat. C5. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Apr. 16, 1963 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg \32\ | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 18, 1973 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 1, 1986 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 1, 1986 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DSept. 8, 1991 D T. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Nov. 17, 1991 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | July 30, 1997 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 30, 1997 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Mar. 2, 1998 | 25 UST 309. | |
| France 6 DP DJuly 1, 1891 DJuly 1, 1891 D27 Stat. 981. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | May 24, 1918 | May 24, 1918 | 40 Stat. 1784. | |
| Pxx | Mar. 27, 1947 | Mar. 27, 1947 | 61 Stat. 1057. | |
| Po | May 26, 1950 | Dec. 29, 1950 | 64 Stat. A413. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 14, 1956 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg \32\ | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 18, 1973 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 10, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Gabon DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJune 10, 1975 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Gambia, The DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DMar. 7, 1993 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Oct. 23, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Georgia DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | May 16, 1995 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | June 14, 2000 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Germany 3, \29\, \36\ DP DApr. 15, 1892 DApr. 15, 1892 D27 Stat. 1021. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | Dec. 8, 1910 | Dec. 8, 1910 | 36 Stat. 2761. | |
| Px | May 25, 1922 | May 25, 1922 | 42 Stat. 2271. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pxx | July 12, 1967 | July 12, 1967 | 18 UST 2369. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | May 18, 1974 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 10, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | Aug. 25, 1979 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Ghana DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DAug. 22, 1962 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 11, 1991 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Greece DPm DFeb. 23, 1932 DMar. 1, 1932 D47 Stat. 2502. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Aug. 24, 1963 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 8, 1976 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Oct. 22, 1991 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Feb. 9, 1994 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Grenada DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DFeb. 22, 1996 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 22, 1998 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Guatemala DMCC DJan. 27, 1902 DJune 30, 1908 D35 Stat. 1934. | ||||
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | Mar. 28, 1913 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Oct. 28, 1964 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Feb. 1, 1977 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 21, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | July 28, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Guinea DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DNov. 20, 1980 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Nov. 13, 1981 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 13, 1981 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Oct. 25, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 25, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 25, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Guinea-Bissau DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJuly 22, 1991 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Guyana DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DOct. 25, 1994 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Haiti DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DNov. 27, 1919 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 11, 1996 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 30, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Holy See (See entry under Vatican City). | ||||
| Honduras DMCC DJan. 27, 1902 DJune 30, 1908 D35 Stat. 1934. | ||||
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | Apr. 27, 1914 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 25, 1990 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Mar. 6, 1990 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Hong Kong DPg DOct. 29, 1971 DJuly 1, 1997 D25 UST 309. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | July 1, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Hungary 3 DCm 7 DJan. 30, 1912 DOct. 16, 1912 D37 Stat. 1631. | ||||
| Px | June 3, 1922 | June 3, 1922 | 42 Stat. 2277. | |
| T 8, 9 | Feb. 10, 1947 | Sept. 15, 1947 | 61 Stat. 2065. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 23, 1971 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 10, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | May 28, 1975 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Iceland DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DAug. 25, 1999 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Dec. 18, 1956 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| India 1, \10\ DPm DOct. 21, 1954 DAug. 15, 1947 D5 UST 2529. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 21, 1958 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Feb. 12, 1975 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | May 6, 1984 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 7, 1988 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Indonesia DP DJuly 31, 1989 DAug. 1, 1989 D103 Stat. 3069. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 5, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Ireland 1 DPm \11\ DSept. 28, 1929 DOct. 1, 1929 D46 Stat. 3005. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 20, 1959 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Brussels) | June 26, 1948 | July 5, 1959 | 331 UNTS 217. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Israel \12\ DPm DMay 4, 1950 DMay 15, 1948 D64 Stat. A402. | ||||
| Berne (Brussels) | June 26, 1948 | Aug. 1, 1951 | 331 UNTS 217. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | May 1, 1978 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Apr. 21, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Italy DP \13\ DOct. 31, 1892 DOct. 31, 1892 D27 Stat. 1043. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm \13\ | May 1, 1915 | May 1, 1915 | 39 Stat. 1725. | |
| Px | June 3, 1922 | June 3, 1922 | 42 Stat. 2276. | |
| T 9, \14\ | Feb. 10, 1947 | Sept. 15, 1947 | 61 Stat. 1245. | |
| Pxx | Dec. 12, 1951 | Dec. 12, 1951 | 66 Stat. C13. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 24, 1957 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Mar. 24, 1977 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 14, 1979 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 25, 1980 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | July 7, 1981 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Jamaica DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJan. 1, 1994 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Jan. 11, 1994 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Mar. 9, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Jan. 12, 2000 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | June 12, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | June 12, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Japan DC \15\ DNov. 10, 1905 DMay 10, 1906 D34 Stat. 2890. | ||||
| C \16\ | May 19, 1908 | Aug. 6, 1908 | 35 Stat. 2044. | |
| T \17\ | Sept. 8, 1951 | Apr. 28, 1952 | 3 UST 3169. | |
| Pm \18\ | Nov. 10, 1953 | Apr. 28, 1952 | 5 UST 118. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Apr. 28, 1956 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 24, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 21, 1977 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 14, 1978 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Oct. 9, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Jordan DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJuly 28, 1999 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Apr. 11, 2000 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| C | Oct. 24, 2000 | Dec. 17, 2001 | H. Doc. 107–15. | |
| Kazakhstan DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 12, 1999 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 3, 2001 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Kenya DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DSept. 7, 1966 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 21, 1976 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | Aug. 25, 1979 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 11, 1993 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Korea | C \19\ | May 19, 1908 | Aug. 6, 1908 | 35 Stat. 2041. |
| Korea, Republic of DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DOct. 1, 1987 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 1, 1987 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 10, 1987 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 21, 1996 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Kuwait | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Kyrgyz Rep. DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Dec. 20, 1998 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | July 8, 1999 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 12, 2002 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Aug. 15, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Laos 6 | UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. |
| Latvia DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DAug. 11, 1995 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 23, 1997 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Feb. 10, 1999 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Lebanon DBerne (Rome) DJune 2, 1928 DSept. 30, 1947 D123 LNTS 232. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Oct. 17, 1959 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Lesotho DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DSept. 28, 1989 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Liberia DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DJuly 27, 1956 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 8, 1989 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Libya | Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 28, 1976 | T. Doc. 99–27. |
| Liechtenstein DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DSept. 23, 1999 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 22, 1959 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Sept. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 11, 1999 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 12, 1999 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Lithuania DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DDec. 14, 1994 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 2001 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Jan. 27, 2000 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Luxembourg DP DJune 29, 1910 DJune 29, 1910 D36 Stat. 2716. | ||||
| Pm | June 14, 1911 | June 29, 1910 | 37 Stat. 1689. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Oct. 15, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 20, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Mar. 8, 1976 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Macao DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DJan. 1, 1995 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 20, 1999 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Madagascar DBerne (Brussels) DJune 26, 1948 DJan. 1, 1966 D331 UNTS 217. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Nov. 17, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Malawi DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DOct. 26, 1965 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 12, 1991 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Malaysia DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DOct. 1, 1990 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Maldives | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Mali DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DDec. 5, 1977 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Apr. 24, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Malta DBerne (Rome) DJune 2, 1928 DSept. 21, 1964 D123 LNTS 232. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Nov. 19, 1968 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Mauritania DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DFeb. 6, 1973 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Mauritius DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMar. 12, 1968 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | May 10, 1989 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Mexico DP DFeb. 27, 1896 DFeb. 27, 1896 D29 Stat. 877. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | May 12, 1957 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | Apr. 24, 1964 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| Pg \32\ | Oct. 29, 1971 | Dec. 21, 1973 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 17, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 31, 1975 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | Aug. 25, 1979 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Moldova DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DNov. 2, 1995 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | July 18, 1997 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | July 17, 2000 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 26, 2001 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Monaco DPm DOct. 15, 1952 DOct. 15, 1952 D67 Stat. C16. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 23, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Dec. 2, 1974 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 13, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 29, 1997 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Mongolia DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DMar. 12, 1998 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 29, 1997 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Oct. 25, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Oct. 25, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Morocco DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 8, 1972 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 28, 1976 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | June 30, 1983 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | May 17, 1987 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Mozambique | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Aug. 26, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Namibia DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DMar. 21, 1990 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Netherlands and Possessions DP DNov. 20, 1899 DNov. 20, 1899 D31 Stat. 1961. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | Feb. 26, 1923 | Oct. 2, 1922 | 42 Stat. 2297. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | June 22, 1967 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 30, 1985 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 30, 1986 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 12, 1993 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| New Zealand 1 DPm DFeb. 9, 1917 DDec. 1, 1916 D39 Stat. 1815. | ||||
| Px | May 25, 1922 | May 25, 1922 | 42 Stat. 2274. | |
| Pxx | Apr. 24, 1947 | Apr. 24, 1947 | 61 Stat. 1065. | |
| Berne (Rome) | June 2, 1928 | Dec. 4, 1947 | 123 LNTS 232. | |
| Po | May 26, 1950 | Dec. 29, 1950 | 64 Stat. A414. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 11, 1964 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 13, 1976 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Nicaragua DMCC DJan. 27, 1902 DJune 30, 1908 D35 Stat. 1934. | ||||
| BAC | Aug. 11, 1910 | Dec. 15, 1913 | 38 Stat. 1785. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Aug. 16, 1961 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | Aug. 25, 1979 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Sept. 3, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 23, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 10, 2000 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Niger DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DMay 21, 1975 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | May 15, 1989 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | May 15, 1989 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Dec. 13, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Nigeria DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DFeb. 14, 1962 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 14, 1993 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Norway DP DJuly 1, 1905 DJuly 1, 1905 D34 Stat. 3111. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | June 14, 1911 | Sept. 9, 1910 | 37 Stat. 1687. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 23, 1963 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 11, 1995 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 7, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 1, 1978 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Oman DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJuly 14, 1999 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Nov. 9, 2000 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pakistan 1 DBerne (Rome) DJune 2, 1928 DJuly 5, 1948 D123 LNTS 232. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Palestine (excluding Trans-Jordan) DPm DSept. 29, 1933 DOct. 1, 1933 D48 Stat. 1713. | ||||
| Pxx \12\ | Mar. 10, 1944 | Mar. 10, 1944 | 58 Stat. 1129. | |
| Po \12\ | May 26, 1950 | Dec. 29, 1950 | 64 Stat. A412. | |
| Panama DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DNov. 25, 1913 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Oct. 17, 1962 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | June 29, 1974 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 3, 1980 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Sept. 25, 1985 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 8, 1996 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Sept. 6, 1997 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Papua New Guinea DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DJune 9, 1996 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Paraguay DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DSept. 20, 1917 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Mar. 11, 1962 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Feb. 13, 1979 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 2, 1992 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Peru DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DApr. 30, 1920 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Oct. 16, 1963 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 22, 1985 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Aug. 7, 1985 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 24, 1985 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 20, 1988 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | July 18, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Philippines DPm DOct. 21, 1948 DOct. 21, 1948 D62 Stat. 1568. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 18, 1997 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Oct. 4, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Oct. 4, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Poland DPm DFeb. 14, 1927 DFeb. 16, 1927 D44 Stat. 2634. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Mar. 9, 1977 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 9, 1977 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 22, 1994 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Portugal DP DJuly 20, 1893 DJuly 20, 1893 D28 Stat. 1222. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Dec. 25, 1956 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 12, 1979 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 30, 1981 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Mar. 11, 1996 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Qatar DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DJan. 13, 1996 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | July 5, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Romania DPm \22\ DMay 14, 1928 DMay 14, 1928 D45 Stat. 2949. | ||||
| T 9, \23\ | Feb. 10, 1947 | Sept. 15, 1947 | 61 Stat. 1757. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 9, 1998 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 1, 1998 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Russian Federation DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Pcss \30\ | May 21, 1974 | Dec. 25, 1991 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 9, 1995 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 13, 1995 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Mar. 13, 1995 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Rwanda DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DMar. 1, 1984 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Nov. 10, 1989 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Nov. 10, 1989 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 22, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| St. Kitts and Nevis DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DApr. 9, 1995 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Feb. 21, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Saint Lucia DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DAug. 24, 1993 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 2, 2001 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DApr. 22, 1985 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 22, 1985 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 29, 1995 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Saudi Arabia DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DJuly 13, 1994 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 13, 1994 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Senegal DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DJuly 9, 1974 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 12, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 18, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Sierra Leone | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 23, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Singapore DP DMay 18, 1987 DMay 18, 1987 D101 Stat. 2134. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 21, 1998 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Slovakia \37\ DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DJan. 6, 1960 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 17, 1980 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 1, 1993 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Jan. 1, 1993 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Slovenia DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 11, 1966 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 25, 1991 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | June 25, 1991 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 30, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 15, 1996 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| Solomon Islands | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 26, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. |
| South Africa 1 DPm DJune 26, 1924 DJuly 1, 1924 D43 Stat. 1957. | ||||
| Berne (Brussels) | June 26, 1948 | Aug. 1, 1951 | 331 UNTS 217. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Spain 5 DP \24\ DJuly 10, 1895 DJuly 10, 1895 D29 Stat. 871. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | Oct. 10, 1934 | Oct. 10, 1934 | 49 Stat. 3420. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Sept. 16, 1955 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Aug. 24, 1974 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 10, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Sri Lanka DBerne (Rome) DJune 2, 1928 DJuly 20, 1959 D123 LNTS 232. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Jan. 25, 1984 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 25, 1984 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Sudan | Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 28, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. |
| Suriname DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DFeb. 23, 1977 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Swaziland DWTO DApr. 15, 1994 DJan. 1, 1995 D33 ILM 15. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 14, 1998 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Sweden DP DMay 26, 1911 DJune 1, 1911 D37 Stat. 1682. | ||||
| Pm | Feb. 27, 1920 | Feb. 1, 1920 | 41 Stat. 1787. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | July 1, 1961 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| Pg \32\ | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 18, 1973 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 10, 1974 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Switzerland DP DJuly 1, 1891 DJuly 1, 1891 D27 Stat. 981. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| Pm | Nov. 22, 1924 | July 1, 1923 | 43 Stat. 1976. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Mar. 30, 1956 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 21, 1993 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Sept. 24, 1993 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 25, 1993 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Sept. 30, 1993 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | July 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Tajikistan DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Mar. 9, 2000 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Tanzania (United Republic of) DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJuly 25, 1994 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Thailand DT \25\ DDec. 16, 1920 DSept. 1, 1921 D42 Stat. 1928. | ||||
| T \25\ | Nov. 13, 1937 | Oct. 1, 1938 | 53 Stat. 1731. | |
| T \25\ | May 29, 1966 | June 8, 1968 | 19 UST 5843. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 2, 1995 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Togo DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DApr. 30, 1975 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | May 31, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Tonga | Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | June 14, 2001 | T. Doc. 99–27. |
| Trinidad and Tobago DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DAug. 16, 1988 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Aug. 19, 1988 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 19, 1988 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Oct. 1, 1988 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Mar. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Pcss | May 21, 1974 | Nov. 1, 1996 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Tunisia DP \26\ DOct. 4, 1912 DOct. 4, 1912 D37 Stat. 1765. | ||||
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | June 19, 1969 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | June 10, 1975 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Aug. 16, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Mar. 29, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Turkey DBerne (Paris) DJuly 24, 1971 DJan. 1, 1996 DT. Doc. 99–27. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Mar. 26, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Turkmenistan | UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | May 27, 1973 | 6 UST 2731. |
| Uganda | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. |
| Ukraine DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 27, 1973 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Oct. 25, 1995 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Feb. 18, 2000 | 25 UST 309. | |
| WCT | Dec. 20, 1996 | Mar. 6, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| WPPT | Dec. 20, 1996 | May 20, 2002 | T. Doc. 105–17. | |
| United Arab Emirates | WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Apr. 10, 1996 | 33 ILM 15. |
| United Kingdom 1 DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DSept. 27, 1957 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Pg \32\ | Oct. 29, 1971 | Apr. 18, 1973 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 2, 1990 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| United Kingdom and Possessions 1 DP DJuly 1, 1891 DJuly 1, 1891 D27 Stat. 981. | ||||
| P | Apr. 9, 1910 | July 1, 1909 | 36 Stat. 2685. | |
| United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Colonies and Possessions with the exception of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Newfoundland 1 | Pm Pmx |
Jan. 1, 1915 Apr. 10, 1920 |
Jan. 1, 1915 Feb. 2, 1920 |
38 Stat. 2044. 41 Stat. 1790. |
| United Kingdom, including certain British Territories 1 and Palestine \12\ | Pxx Po |
Mar. 10, 1944 Mar. 26, 1950 |
Mar. 10, 1944 Dec. 29, 1950 |
58 Stat. 1129. 64 Stat. A412. |
| Uruguay DBAC DAug. 11, 1910 DDec. 17, 1919 D38 Stat. 1785. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 28, 1979 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Jan. 18, 1983 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | Apr. 12, 1993 | 6 UST 2731. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 12, 1993 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Uzbekistan | UCC | Sept. 6, 1952 | May 27, 1973 | 6 UST 2731. |
| Vatican City (Holy See) DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DOct. 5, 1955 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Apr. 24, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | July 18, 1977 | 25 UST 309. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | May 6, 1980 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Venezuela DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DSept. 30, 1966 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Pg | Oct. 29, 1971 | Nov. 18, 1982 | 25 UST 309. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Dec. 30, 1982 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | Feb. 11, 1997 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Vietnam DP \38\ DDec. 23, 1998 DDec. 23, 1998 D63 F. Reg. 71571. | ||||
| C | July 13, 2000 | Dec. 10, 2001 | H. Doc. 107–85. | |
| Yugoslavia \39\ DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DMay 11, 1966 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| UCC rev. | July 24, 1971 | July 10, 1974 | 25 UST 1341. | |
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Sept. 2, 1975 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| Pcss \31\ | May 21, 1974 | Aug. 25, 1979 | T. Doc. 98–31. | |
| Zambia DUCC DSept. 6, 1952 DJune 1, 1965 D6 UST 2731. | ||||
| Berne (Paris) | July 24, 1971 | Jan. 2, 1992 | T. Doc. 99–27. | |
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Jan. 1, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
| Zimbabwe DBerne (Rome) DJune 2, 1928 DApr. 18, 1980 D123 LNTS 232. | ||||
| WTO | Apr. 15, 1994 | Mar. 5, 1995 | 33 ILM 15. | |
1 The proclamations of July 1, 1891 and April 9, 1910, apply to “Great Britain and the British possessions,” but the proclamations of January 1, 1915 and April 10, 1920, specifically except Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, and South Africa. The proclamations of March 10, 1944 and May 26, 1950, enumerate the various British territories to which they apply; the enumeration does not mention the areas specifically excepted in the proclamations of 1915 and 1920. Proclamations establishing individual copyright relations with Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Palestine, and South Africa are listed separately. See also footnotes 2, 11, and 12. The proclamation of December 27, 1923, regarding Canada is considered as applying to Newfoundland at the present time.
The copyright proclamations of July 1, 1891, April 9, 1910, January 1, 1915, April 10, 1920, and March 10, 1944, regarding Great Britain and possessions each applied when issued to the areas now within the boundaries of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. See footnote 10 with respect to India. No announcement has been made as to the application of the proclamations to Burma, Ceylon, and Pakistan since they acquired their new status.
2 The proclamation of December 29, 1949, extends for one year from its date the period of time for compliance by citizens of Australia with the conditions and formalities prescribed by the copyright law of the United States.
3 The United States entered into treaties restoring friendly relations with Austria, Germany, and Hungary at Vienna on August 24, 1921 (42 Stat. 1946; TS 659), at Berlin on August 25, 1921 (42 Stat. 1939; TS 658); and at Budapest on August 29, 1921 (42 Stat. 1951; TS 610). By virtue of these treaties the United States became entitled to the benefits of the provisions relative to copyright protection in the treaties of peace signed by Austria, Germany, and Hungary at Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 10, 1919, at Versailles on June 28, 1919, and at Trianon on June 4, 1920, respectively. See also footnote 7.
4 Bilateral copyright relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America were established, effective March 17, 1992, by a Presidential Proclamation of the same date, under the authority of section 104 of title 17 of the United States Code, as amended by the Act of October 31, 1988 (Public Law 100–568, 102 Stat. 2853, 2855).
5 Treaties and conventions containing provisions relative to copyright protection in territories ceded to the United States are not included in this table: for example, the Treaty of Peace with Spain signed at Paris, December 10, 1898 (30 Stat. 1754; TS 343), and the Convention with Denmark for the Cession to the United States of the Danish West Indies, signed at New York, August 4, 1916 (39 Stat. 1706; TS 629).
6 The Department of State has made no announcement as to the application of the proclamations of July 1, 1891, April 9, 1910, May 24, 1918, and March 27, 1947, to Cambodia, Laos, and Viet-Nam.
7 Copyright convention signed at Budapest January 30, 1912 (TS 571). This convention was continued in force following World War I by notice given by the United States on May 27, 1922, to Hungary in pursuance of Article 224 of the Treaty of Trianon concluded on June 4, 1920 (III Redmond 3539), to the benefits of which the United States became entitled by the Treaty of August 29, 1921, establishing friendly relations between the United States and Hungary (42 Stat. 1951; TS 660). The convention of 1912 was kept in force or revived following World War II by notice given on March 9, 1948, by the United States to Hungary pursuant to Article 10 of the Treaty of Peace with Hungary (61 Stat. 2065; Department of State Bulletin, March 21, 1948, p. 382).
8 Treaty of Peace with Hungary (Annex IV A) dated at Paris, February 10, 1947 (TIAS 1651).
9 Except with respect to rights of third parties, the provisions relating to protection of copyright in the annexes to the Treaties of Peace with Hungary, Italy, and Romania dated at Paris, February 10, 1947, are bilateral in character. For example, the provisions of Annex IV A of the Treaty of Peace with Hungary relate, in general, to copyright relations between Hungary, on the one hand, and each of the other ratifying or adhering States, on the other. Those provisions do not pertain to copyright relations between those other States, except for third party rights. Annex IV of the Treaty of Peace with Bulgaria dated at Paris, February 10, 1947 (61 Stat. 1915; TIAS 1650) contains similar provisions. See also footnote 13.
10 The proclamation of October 21, 1954, affirms the existence of copyright relations with India after August 15, 1947 (the effective date of the Indian Independence Act). See also footnote 1.
11 The Department of State has determined that the entry into force on April 18, 1949, of the Republic of Ireland Act had no effect upon the proclamation of September 28, 1929, regarding the Irish Free State (Eire). Copyright relations with Ireland are therefore governed by that proclamation. See also footnote 1.
12 The proclamations of March 10, 1944 and May 26, 1950, regarding Great Britain and possessions, also specifically refer to Palestine (excluding Trans-Jordan). See also footnote 1.
13 The exchanges of notes between the United States and Italy, on the basis of which the proclamations of October 31, 1892 and May 1, 1915, were issued, were the subject of a note delivered on March 12, 1948, to the Italian Foreign Office by the American Embassy at Rome with respect to pre-war bilateral treaties and other international agreements which the United States desired to keep in force or revive pursuant to Article 44 of the Treaty of Peace with Italy. The note stated in part “that the Government of the United States of America wishes to include the reciprocal copyright arrangement between the United States and Italy effected pursuant to the exchange of notes signed at Washington October 28, 1892, and the exchanges of notes signed at Washington September 2, 1914, February 12, March 4, and March 11, 1915, among the pre-war bilateral treaties and other international agreements with Italy which the United States desires to keep in force or revive. Accordingly, it is understood that the aforementioned arrangement will continue in force and that the Government of each country will extend to the nationals of the other country treatment as favorable with respect to copyrights as was contemplated at the time the arrangement was entered into by the two countries.” (Department of State Bulletin, April 4, 1948, p. 455).
14 Treaty of Peace with Italy (Annex XV A) dated at Paris, January 10, 1947 (TIAS 1648).
15 Copyright convention, signed at Tokyo, November 10, 1905 (TS 450). This convention is considered as having been abrogated on April 22, 1953, pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 of the Treaty of Peace which Japan signed at San Francisco, September 8, 1951 (TIAS 2490), since it was not included in the notification which was given on behalf of the United States Government to the Japanese Government on April 22, 1953, indicating the pre-war bilateral treaties or conventions which the United States wished to continue in force or revive.
16 Convention between the United States and Japan for reciprocal protection of inventions, designs, trademarks, and copyrights in China and other countries where either contracting party may exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction, signed at Washington, May 19, 1908 (TS 507). This convention is considered as having been abrogated on April 22, 1953, pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 of the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed at San Francisco, September 8, 1951 (TIAS 2490), since it was not included in the notification which was given on behalf of the United States Government to the Japanese Government on April 22, 1953, indicating the pre-war bilateral treaties or conventions which the United States wished to continue in force or revive.
17 Treaty of Peace with Japan (Articles 12, 14, and 15) signed at San Francisco, September 8, 1951 (TIAS 2490). See also footnotes 15, 16, 18, and 19.
18 The proclamation of November 10, 1953, extends benefits under the copyright law for a period of four years from the coming into force of the Treaty of Peace with Japan (TIAS 2490). That period expired April 28, 1956.
19 Copyright convention with Japan for reciprocal protection in Korea of inventions, designs, trademarks, and copyrights, signed at Washington, May 19, 1908 (TS 506). This convention is considered as having been abrogated on April 22, 1953, pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 of the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed at San Francisco, September 8, 1951 (TIAS 2490), since it was not included in the notification which was given on behalf of the United States Government to the Japanese Government on April 22, 1953, indicating the pre-war bilateral treaties or conventions which the United States wished to continue in force or revive.
20 Belize notified the Director-General of UNESCO on December 1, 1982, of its decision to apply “provisionally, and on the basis of reciprocity” the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted at Geneva on September 6, 1952, the application of which had been extended to its territory before the attainment of independence from the United Kingdom on September 21, 1981.
21 An instrument of accession was deposited by the Philippine Government August 19, 1955. In a communication received by the State Department January 17, 1956, UNESCO stated that by a note dated November 14, 1955, the Philippine Government informed the Director-General of UNESCO that “the President of the * * * Philippines has directed the withdrawal of the * * * accession * * * to the Universal Copyright Convention prior to the date of November 19, 1955, at which time the Convention would become effective” for the Philippines. The Director-General notified the Philippine Government that he “proposed to submit their communication to the States concerned, upon whom it is incumbent to declare what legal inference they intend to draw from it.”
22 In a note delivered February 26, 1948, to the Romanian Minister for Foreign Affairs by the American Minister at Bucharest with respect to pre-war bilateral treaties and other international agreements which the United States desired to keep in force or revive pursuant to Article 10 of the Treaty of Peace with Romania, the following statement was made regarding the proclamation of May 14, 1928, and the exchange of notes on which it is based: “It shall be understood that the reciprocal copyright arrangement between the United States and Rumania effected pursuant to the exchanges of notes signed at Bucharest May 13 and October 21, 1927 and at Washington May 12 and 19, 1928 and the proclamation issued May 14, 1928 by the President of the United States of America will continue in force.” (Department of State Bulletin, March 14, 1948, p. 356). See also footnote 9.
23 Treaty of Peace with Romania, dated at Paris, February 10, 1947 (TIAS 1649).
24 The proclamation of July 10, 1895, regarding Spain was based upon an arrangement between the United States and Spain effected by an exchange of notes signed at Washington, July 6 and 15, 1895. An agreement restoring the arrangement of July 6 and 15, 1895, was effected by an exchange of notes signed at Madrid, January 29 and November 18 and 26, 1902 (II Malloy 1710), following the Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain signed at Paris, December 10, 1898 (30 Stat. 1754; TS 343). The latter treaty also contains in Article XIII the following provisions: “The rights of property secured by copyrights and patents acquired by Spaniards in the Island of Cuba, and in Puerto Rico, the Philippines and other ceded territories, at the time of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty, shall continue to be respected. Spanish scientific, literary and artistic works, not subversive of public order in the territories in question, shall continue to be admitted free of duty into such territories, for the period of ten years, to be reckoned from the date of the exchange of ratification of this treaty.”
25 Treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation, protocol and exchanges of notes, signed at Bangkok, November 13, 1937 (TS 940). This treaty replaces the treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation between the United States and Thailand signed at Washington, December 16, 1920 (TS 655), Article XII of which contains provisions relating to copyright protection. The treaty of amity and economic relations, with three exchanges of notes between the United States and Thailand signed at Bangkok, May 29, 1966 (TIAS 6540), replaces the treaty of November 13, 1937. Article V.2 contains provisions relating to copyright.
26 The proclamation of October 4, 1912, stated, in effect, that the law “in Tunis” extended to U.S. citizens protection substantially equal to the protection secured under the copyright law of the United States and declared that “the subjects of Tunis” were entitled to the benefits of the Act of March 4, 1909, as amended, except copyright controlling the mechanical reproduction of a copyrighted musical work.
27 “Paris” means the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works as revised at Paris on July 24, 1971 (Paris Act); “Stockholm” means the said Convention as revised at Stockholm on July 14, 1967 (Stockholm Act); “Brussels” means the said Convention as revised at Brussels on June 26, 1948 (Brussels Act); “Rome” means the said Convention as revised at Rome on June 2, 1928 (Rome Act); “Berlin” means the said Convention as revised at Berlin on November 13, 1908 (Berlin Act). NOTE: In each case the reference to Act signifies adherence to the substantive provisions of such Act only, e.g., Articles 1 to 21 and the Appendix of the Paris Act.
28 The effective date is the date on which the designated State became party to the Convention or Treaty named, or in the case of the Berne Convention, the date on which the latest Act of the Convention to which such State is party entered into force with respect to that State.
29 The dates of adherence by Germany to multilateral treaties include adherence by the Federal Republic of Germany when that country was divided into the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. However, through the accession, effective October 3, 1990, of the German Democratic Republic to the Federal Republic of Germany, in accordance with the German Unification Treaty of August 31, 1990, the German Democratic Republic ceased, on the said date, to be a sovereign state. Previously, the German Democratic Republic had become party to the Paris Act of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works on February 18, 1978, but ceased to be a party to the said Convention on October 3, 1990. The German Democratic Republic had also been a member of the Universal Copyright Convention, having become party to the Geneva text of the said Convention on October 5, 1973, and party to the revised Paris text of the same Convention on December 10, 1980.
30 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (or Soviet Union) was a party to the Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite from January 20, 1989, through December 24, 1991.
31 The Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite done at Brussels on May 21, 1974, did not enter into force with respect to the United States until March 7, 1985.
32 The Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms done at Geneva on October 29, 1971, did not enter into force with respect to the United States until March 10, 1974.
33 For 1992 and prior years, see CZECHOSLOVAKIA.
34 See also Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, and Slovakia.
35 See note under CZECHOSLOVAKIA in bilateral section.
36 See note under GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF in bilateral section.
37 Also known as Slovak Republic. For 1992 and prior years, see Czechoslovakia.
38 Bilateral copyright relations between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the United States of America were established effective December 23, 1998, by a Presidential Proclamation of that same date, under the authority of sections 104(b)(5) and 104A(g) of title 17 of the United States Code, as amended.
39 See note under YUGOSLAVIA in bilateral section.
Proc. No. 3792, July 12, 1967, 32 F.R. 10341, provided:
WHEREAS the President is authorized, in accordance with the conditions prescribed in Section 9 of Title 17 of the United States Code which includes the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 4, 1909, 35 Stat. 1075, as amended by the act of September 25, 1941, 55 Stat. 732, to grant an extension of time for fulfillment of the conditions and formalities prescribed by the copyright laws of the United States of America, with respect to works first produced or published outside the United States of America and subject to copyright or to renewal of copyright under the laws of the United States of America, by nationals of countries which accord substantially equal treatment to citizens of the United States of America; and
WHEREAS satisfactory official assurances have been received that, since April 15, 1892, citizens of the United States have been entitled to obtain copyright in Germany for their works on substantially the same basis as German citizens without the need of complying with any formalities, provided such works secured protection in the United States; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Article 2 of the Law No. 8, Industrial, Literary and Artistic Property Rights of Foreign Nations and Nationals, promulgated by the Allied High Commission for Germany on October 20, 1949, literary or artistic property rights in Germany owned by United States nationals at the commencement of or during the state of war between Germany and the United States of America which were transferred, seized, requisitioned, revoked or otherwise impaired by war measures, whether legislative, judicial or administrative, were, upon request made prior to October 3, 1950, restored to such United States nationals or their legal successors; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Article 5 of the aforesaid law, any literary or artistic property right in Germany owned by a United States national at the commencement of or during the state of war between Germany and the United States of America was, upon request made prior to October 3, 1950, extended in term for a period corresponding to the inclusive time from the date of the commencement of the state of war, or such later date on which such right came in existence, to September 30, 1949; and
WHEREAS, by virtue of a proclamation by the President of the United States of America dated May 25, 1922, 42 Stat. 2271, German citizens are and have been entitled to the benefits of the act of Congress approved March 4, 1909, 35 Stat. 1075, as amended, including the benefits of Section 1(e) of the aforementioned Title 17 of the United States Code [section 1(e) of former Title 17]; and
WHEREAS, a letter of February 6, 1950, from the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Chairman of the Allied High Commission for Germany established the mutual understanding that reciprocal copyright relations continued in effect between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America:
NOW, THEREFORE, I, LYNDON B. JOHNSON, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 9 of Title 17 of the United States Code [section 9 of former Title 17], do declare and proclaim:
(1) That, with respect to works first produced or published outside the United States of America: (a) where the work was subject to copyright under the laws of the United States of America on or after September 3, 1939, and on or before May 5, 1956, by an author or other owner who was then a German citizen; or (b) where the work was subject to renewal of copyright under the laws of the United States of America on or after September 3, 1939, and on or before May 5, 1956, by an author or other person specified in Sections 24 and 25 of the aforesaid Title 17 [sections 24 and 25 of former Title 17], who was then a German citizen, there has existed during several years of the aforementioned period such disruption and suspension of facilities essential to compliance with conditions and formalities prescribed with respect to such works by the copyright law of the United States of America as to bring such works within the terms of Section 9(b) of the aforesaid Title 17 [section 9(b) of former Title 17]; and
(2) That, in view of the reciprocal treatment accorded to citizens of the United States by the Federal Republic of Germany, the time within which persons who are presently German citizens may comply with such conditions and formalities with respect to such works is hereby extended for one year after the date of this proclamation.
It shall be understood that the term of copyright in any case is not and cannot be altered or affected by this proclamation. It shall also be understood that, as provided by Section 9(b) of Title 17, United States Code [section 9(b) of former Title 17], no liability shall attach under that title for lawful uses made or acts done prior to the effective date of this proclamation in connection with the above-described works, or with respect to the continuance for one year subsequent to such date of any business undertaking or enterprise lawfully undertaken prior to such date involving expenditure or contractual obligation in connection with the exploitation, production, reproduction, circulation or performance of any such works.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and ninety-second.
Lyndon B. Johnson.
Section 104 of Pub. L. 94–553 provided that: “All proclamations issued by the President under section 1(e) or 9(b) of title 17 as it existed on December 31, 1977, or under previous copyright statutes of the United States, shall continue in force until terminated, suspended, or revised by the President.”