(a)(1) Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (g) and except in the case of procurement procedures otherwise expressly authorized by statute, the head of an agency in conducting a procurement for property or services—
(A) shall obtain full and open competition through the use of competitive procedures in accordance with the requirements of this chapter and the Federal Acquisition Regulation; and
(B) shall use the competitive procedure or combination of competitive procedures that is best suited under the circumstances of the procurement.
(2) In determining the competitive procedure appropriate under the circumstances, the head of an agency—
(A) shall solicit sealed bids if—
(i) time permits the solicitation, submission, and evaluation of sealed bids;
(ii) the award will be made on the basis of price and other price-related factors;
(iii) it is not necessary to conduct discussions with the responding sources about their bids; and
(iv) there is a reasonable expectation of receiving more than one sealed bid; and
(B) shall request competitive proposals if sealed bids are not appropriate under clause (A).
(b)(1) The head of an agency may provide for the procurement of property or services covered by this chapter using competitive procedures but excluding a particular source in order to establish or maintain an alternative source or sources of supply for that property or service if the head of the agency determines that to do so—
(A) would increase or maintain competition and would likely result in reduced overall costs for such procurement, or for any anticipated procurement, of property or services;
(B) would be in the interest of national defense in having a facility (or a producer, manufacturer, or other supplier) available for furnishing the property or service in case of a national emergency or industrial mobilization;
(C) would be in the interest of national defense in establishing or maintaining an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or other nonprofit institution or a federally funded research and development center;
(D) would ensure the continuous availability of a reliable source of supply of such property or service;
(E) would satisfy projected needs for such property or service determined on the basis of a history of high demand for the property or service; or
(F) in the case of medical supplies, safety supplies, or emergency supplies, would satisfy a critical need for such supplies.
(2) The head of an agency may provide for the procurement of property or services covered by this section using competitive procedures, but excluding concerns other than small business concerns in furtherance of sections 9 and 15 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638, 644).
(3) A contract awarded pursuant to the competitive procedures referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not be subject to the justification and approval required by subsection (f)(1).
(4) A determination under paragraph (1) may not be made for a class of purchases or contracts.
(c) The head of an agency may use procedures other than competitive procedures only when—
(1) the property or services needed by the agency are available from only one responsible source or only from a limited number of responsible sources and no other type of property or services will satisfy the needs of the agency;
(2) the agency's need for the property or services is of such an unusual and compelling urgency that the United States would be seriously injured unless the agency is permitted to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals;
(3) it is necessary to award the contract to a particular source or sources in order (A) to maintain a facility, producer, manufacturer, or other supplier available for furnishing property or services in case of a national emergency or to achieve industrial mobilization, (B) to establish or maintain an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or other nonprofit institution or a federally funded research and development center, or (C) to procure the services of an expert for use, in any litigation or dispute (including any reasonably foreseeable litigation or dispute) involving the Federal Government, in any trial, hearing, or proceeding before any court, administrative tribunal, or agency, or to procure the services of an expert or neutral for use in any part of an alternative dispute resolution or negotiated rulemaking process, whether or not the expert is expected to testify;
(4) the terms of an international agreement or a treaty between the United States and a foreign government or international organization, or the written directions of a foreign government reimbursing the agency for the cost of the procurement of the property or services for such government, have the effect of requiring the use of procedures other than competitive procedures;
(5) subject to subsection (k), a statute expressly authorizes or requires that the procurement be made through another agency or from a specified source, or the agency's need is for a brand-name commercial item for authorized resale;
(6) the disclosure of the agency's needs would compromise the national security unless the agency is permitted to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals; or
(7) the head of the agency—
(A) determines that it is necessary in the public interest to use procedures other than competitive procedures in the particular procurement concerned, and
(B) notifies the Congress in writing of such determination not less than 30 days before the award of the contract.
(d)(1) For the purposes of applying subsection (c)(1)—
(A) in the case of a contract for property or services to be awarded on the basis of acceptance of an unsolicited research proposal, the property or services shall be considered to be available from only one source if the source has submitted an unsolicited research proposal that demonstrates a concept—
(i) that is unique and innovative or, in the case of a service, for which the source demonstrates a unique capability of the source to provide the service; and
(ii) the substance of which is not otherwise available to the United States, and does not resemble the substance of a pending competitive procurement; and
(B) in the case of a follow-on contract for the continued development or production of a major system or highly specialized equipment, or the continued provision of highly specialized services, such property or services may be deemed to be available only from the original source and may be procured through procedures other than competitive procedures when it is likely that award to a source other than the original source would result in—
(i) substantial duplication of cost to the United States which is not expected to be recovered through competition; or
(ii) unacceptable delays in fulfilling the agency's needs.
(2) The authority of the head of an agency under subsection (c)(7) may not be delegated.
(3)(A) The contract period of a contract described in subparagraph (B) that is entered into by an agency pursuant to the authority provided under subsection (c)(2)—
(i) may not exceed the time necessary—
(I) to meet the unusual and compelling requirements of the work to be performed under the contract; and
(II) for the agency to enter into another contract for the required goods or services through the use of competitive procedures; and
(ii) may not exceed one year unless the head of the agency entering into such contract determines that exceptional circumstances apply.
(B) This paragraph applies to any contract in an amount greater than the simplified acquisition threshold.
(e) The head of an agency using procedures other than competitive procedures to procure property or services by reason of the application of subsection (c)(2) or (c)(6) shall request offers from as many potential sources as is practicable under the circumstances.
(f)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) and paragraph (6), the head of an agency may not award a contract using procedures other than competitive procedures unless—
(A) the contracting officer for the contract justifies the use of such procedures in writing and certifies the accuracy and completeness of the justification;
(B) the justification is approved—
(i) in the case of a contract for an amount exceeding $500,000 (but equal to or less than $10,000,000), by the competition advocate for the procuring activity (without further delegation) or by an official referred to in clause (ii) or (iii);
(ii) in the case of a contract for an amount exceeding $10,000,000 (but equal to or less than $75,000,000), by the head of the procuring activity (or the head of the procuring activity's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (6)(A)); or
(iii) in the case of a contract for an amount exceeding $75,000,000, by the senior procurement executive of the agency designated pursuant to section 1702(c) of title 41 (without further delegation) or in the case of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, acting in his capacity as the senior procurement executive for the Department of Defense, the Under Secretary's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (6)(B); and
(C) any required notice has been published with respect to such contract pursuant to section 1708 of title 41 and all bids or proposals received in response to that notice have been considered by the head of the agency.
(2) In the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (c)(2), the justification and approval required by paragraph (1) may be made after the contract is awarded. The justification and approval required by paragraph (1) is not required—
(A) when a statute expressly requires that the procurement be made from a specified source;
(B) when the agency's need is for a brand-name commercial item for authorized resale;
(C) in the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (c)(7);
(D) in the case of a procurement conducted under (i) chapter 85 of title 41, or (ii) section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a)); or
(E) in the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (c)(4), but only if the head of the contracting activity prepares a document in connection with such procurement that describes the terms of an agreement or treaty, or the written directions, referred to in that subsection that have the effect of requiring the use of procedures other than competitive procedures.
(3) The justification required by paragraph (1)(A) shall include—
(A) a description of the agency's needs;
(B) an identification of the statutory exception from the requirement to use competitive procedures and a demonstration, based on the proposed contractor's qualifications or the nature of the procurement, of the reasons for using that exception;
(C) a determination that the anticipated cost will be fair and reasonable;
(D) a description of the market survey conducted or a statement of the reasons a market survey was not conducted;
(E) a listing of the sources, if any, that expressed in writing an interest in the procurement; and
(F) a statement of the actions, if any, the agency may take to remove or overcome any barrier to competition before a subsequent procurement for such needs.
(4) In no case may the head of an agency—
(A) enter into a contract for property or services using procedures other than competitive procedures on the basis of the lack of advance planning or concerns related to the amount of funds available to the agency for procurement functions; or
(B) procure property or services from another agency unless such other agency complies fully with the requirements of this chapter in its procurement of such property or services.
The restriction contained in clause (B) is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other restriction provided by law.
(5)(A) The authority of the head of a procuring activity under paragraph (1)(B)(ii) may be delegated only to an officer or employee who—
(i) if a member of the armed forces, is a general or flag officer; or
(ii) if a civilian, is serving in a position with a grade under the General Schedule (or any other schedule for civilian officers or employees) that is comparable to or higher than the grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half).
(B) The authority of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics under paragraph (1)(B)(iii) may be delegated only to—
(i) an Assistant Secretary of Defense; or
(ii) with respect to the element of the Department of Defense (as specified in section 111(b) of this title), other than a military department, carrying out the procurement action concerned, an officer or employee serving in or assigned or detailed to that element who—
(I) if a member of the armed forces, is serving in a grade above brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half); or
(II) if a civilian, is serving in a position with a grade under the General Schedule (or any other schedule for civilian officers or employees) that is comparable to or higher than the grade of major general or rear admiral.
(6) The justification and approval required by paragraph (1) is not required in the case of a Phase III award made pursuant to section 9(r)(4) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(r)(4)).
(g)(1) In order to promote efficiency and economy in contracting and to avoid unnecessary burdens for agencies and contractors, the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall provide for—
(A) special simplified procedures for purchases of property and services for amounts not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold; and
(B) special simplified procedures for purchases of property and services for amounts greater than the simplified acquisition threshold but not greater than $5,000,000 with respect to which the contracting officer reasonably expects, based on the nature of the property or services sought and on market research, that offers will include only commercial items.
(2) A proposed purchase or contract for an amount above the simplified acquisition threshold may not be divided into several purchases or contracts for lesser amounts in order to use the simplified procedures required by paragraph (1).
(3) In using simplified procedures, the head of an agency shall promote competition to the maximum extent practicable.
(4) The head of an agency shall comply with the Federal Acquisition Regulation provisions referred to in section 1901(e) of title 41.
(h) For the purposes of the following, purchases or contracts awarded after using procedures other than sealed-bid procedures shall be treated as if they were made with sealed-bid procedures:
(1) Chapter 65 of title 41.
(2) Sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40.
(i)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe by regulation the manner in which the Department of Defense negotiates prices for supplies to be obtained through the use of procedures other than competitive procedures, as defined in section 2302(2) of this title.
(2) The regulations required by paragraph (1) shall—
(A) specify the incurred overhead a contractor may appropriately allocate to supplies referred to in that paragraph; and
(B) require the contractor to identify those supplies which it did not manufacture or to which it did not contribute significant value.
(3) Such regulations shall not apply to an item of supply included in a contract or subcontract for which the price is based on established catalog or market prices of commercial items sold in substantial quantities to the general public.
(j) The Federal Acquisition Regulation shall ensure that the requirement to obtain full and open competition is implemented in a manner that is consistent with the need to efficiently fulfill the Government's requirements.
(k)(1) It is the policy of Congress that an agency named in section 2303(a) of this title should not be required by legislation to award a new contract to a specific non-Federal Government entity. It is further the policy of Congress that any program, project, or technology identified in legislation be procured through merit-based selection procedures.
(2) A provision of law may not be construed as requiring a new contract to be awarded to a specified non-Federal Government entity unless that provision of law—
(A) specifically refers to this subsection;
(B) specifically identifies the particular non-Federal Government entity involved; and
(C) specifically states that the award to that entity is required by such provision of law in contravention of the policy set forth in paragraph (1).
(3) For purposes of this subsection, a contract is a new contract unless the work provided for in the contract is a continuation of the work performed by the specified entity under a preceding contract.
(4) This subsection shall not apply with respect to any contract that calls upon the National Academy of Sciences to investigate, examine, or experiment upon any subject of science or art of significance to an agency named in section 2303(a) of this title and to report on such matters to the Congress or any agency of the Federal Government.
(l)(1)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (c), the head of an agency shall make publicly available, within 14 days after the award of the contract, the documents containing the justification and approval required by subsection (f)(1) with respect to the procurement.
(B) In the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (c)(2), subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting "30 days" for "14 days".
(2) The documents shall be made available on the website of the agency and through a government-wide website selected by the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy.
(3) This subsection does not require the public availability of information that is exempt from public disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 128; Pub. L. 85–800, §8, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 967; Pub. L. 85–861, §33(a)(12), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 87–653, §1(a)–(c), Sept. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 90–268, §5, Mar. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 50; Pub. L. 90–500, title IV, §405, Sept. 20, 1968, 82 Stat. 851; Pub. L. 93–356, §4, July 25, 1974, 88 Stat. 390; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(76), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §907(a), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 97–295, §1(24), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1290; Pub. L. 97–375, title I, §114, Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1821; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §§2723(a), 2727(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187, 1194; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, §504(b)(1), (2), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3086; Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §961(a)(1), title XIII, §1303(a)(13), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 703, 739; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §§923(a)–(c), 927(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–152, 1783–155, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §§923(a)–(c), 927(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–152, 3341–155; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §§923(a)–(c), 927(a), title XIII, §1343(a)(14), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3932, 3935, 3993, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(3), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VIII, §803, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2008; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, §§812, 817, 818, 853(d), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1493, 1501, 1502, 1519; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title VIII, §806(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §701(d)(2), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VIII, §§801(h)(2), 816, title X, §1052(23), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2445, 2454, 2500; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §904(d)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §§1001–1003, 1004(b), 1005, title IV, §4401(a), title VII, §7203(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3249, 3253, 3254, 3347, 3379; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLI, §§4101(a), 4102(a), title XLII, §4202(a)(1), title XLIII, §4321(b)(4), (5), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 642, 643, 652, 672; Pub. L. 104–320, §§7(a)(1), 11(c)(1), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3871, 3873; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §§841(b), 850(f)(3)(B), title X, §1073(a)(42), (43), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1843, 1850, 1902; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(b)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(3), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VIII, §815, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2015; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2398; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §844(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §862(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4546; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XVII, §1709(b)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1809; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §§812(a)(2)(C)(v), 836(c)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1847, 1864.)
Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(c)(2), (h), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864, 1874, provided that, effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, this section is amended as follows:
(1) in subsections (c)(5) and (f)(2)(B), by striking "brand-name commercial item" and inserting "brand-name commercial product";
(2) in subsection (g)(1)(B), by striking "commercial items" and inserting "commercial products or commercial services"; and
(3) in subsection (i)(3), by striking "commercial items" and inserting "commercial products".
See 2018 Amendment notes below.
| Revised section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 2304(a) 2304(b) |
41:151(c) (less proviso of clause (11) and proviso of clause (16)). 41:156(d). |
Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65, §§2(b) (less 1st sentence), (c), (e), 7(d), 8, 62 Stat. 21, 22, 24. |
| 2304(c) | 41:151(e). | |
| 2304(d) | 41:151(b) (less 1st sentence). | |
| 2304(e) | 41:151(c) (proviso of clause (11) and proviso of clause (16)). | |
| 2304(f) | 41:157. |
In subsection (a)(1), the words "the period of" are omitted as surplusage.
In subsections (a)(4)–(10), and (12)–(15), the words "the purchase or contract is" are inserted for clarity.
In subsection (a)(5), the words "to be rendered" are omitted as surplusage.
In subsection (a)(6), the words "its Territories" are inserted for clarity. The words "the limits of" are omitted as surplusage.
In subsection (a)(14), the words "and for which" are substituted for the word "when".
In subsection (a)(15), the words "and for which" are substituted for 41:151(c)(15) (1st 22 words of proviso).
In subsection (a)(16), the words "to have" are substituted for the words "be made or kept".
In subsection (a)(17), the first 7 words are inserted for clarity.
In subsection (b), the words "shall be kept" are substituted for the words "shall be preserved in the files". The words "six years after the date" are substituted for the words "a period of six years following".
In subsection (c), the words "but such authorization shall be required in the same manner as heretofore" and "continental", in 41:151(e), are omitted as surplusage.
In subsection (d), the words "before making" are substituted for the words "Whenever it is proposed to make".
In subsection (e), the words "beginning six months after the effective date of this chapter" are omitted as executed. The words "on May 19 and November 19 of each year" are substituted for the words "and at the end of each six-month period thereafter", since the effective date of the source statute was May 19, 1948, and the first report was made on November 19, 1948. The words "property and services covered by each contract" are substituted for the words "work required to be performed thereunder".
The change is necessary to reflect the present Commonwealth status of Puerto Rico.
| Revised section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 2304(a) (1st sentence) | 10:2304 (note). | Mar. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90–5, §304, 81 Stat. 6. |
| 2304(f)(1) | 10:2304(f)(1). | |
| 2304(i) | 10:2304 (note). | Sept. 21, 1977, Pub. L. 95–111, §836, 91 Stat. 906. |
In subsection (a), the words "The Secretary of Defense is hereby directed that insofar as practicable all contracts shall be formally advertised" are omitted as unnecessary because of 10:2304(a) (1st sentence).
Subsection (f)(1) is amended to correct a mistake in spelling.
In subsection (i)(1)(B), the words "or States" are omitted because of 1:1.
Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
2018—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–232, §812(a)(2)(C)(v), struck out "and concerns other than small business concerns, historically Black colleges and universities, and minority institutions in furtherance of section 2323 of this title" before period at end.
Subsecs. (c)(5), (f)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(c)(2)(A), substituted "brand-name commercial product" for "brand-name commercial item".
Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(c)(2)(B), substituted "commercial products or commercial services" for "commercial items".
Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(c)(2)(C), substituted "commercial products" for "commercial items".
2017—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 115–91, §1709(b)(2)(A), inserted "and paragraph (6)" after "paragraph (2)" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 115–91, §1709(b)(2)(B), added par. (6).
2011—Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(A), substituted "section 1702(c) of title 41" for "section 16(c) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 414(c))".
Subsec. (f)(1)(C). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(B), substituted "section 1708 of title 41" for "section 18 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 416)".
Subsec. (f)(2)(D)(i). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(C), substituted "chapter 85 of title 41" for "the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act (41 U.S.C. 46 et seq.)".
Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(D), substituted "section 1901(e) of title 41" for "section 31(f) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 427)".
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(E), substituted "Chapter 65 of title 41" for "The Walsh-Healey Act (41 U.S.C. 35 et seq.)".
2008—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 110–417 added par. (3).
Subsec. (f)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 110–181, §844(b)(2), redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "The justification required by paragraph (1)(A) and any related information, and any document prepared pursuant to paragraph (2)(E), shall be made available for inspection by the public consistent with the provisions of section 552 of title 5."
Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 110–181, §844(b)(1), added subsec. (l).
2006—Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 109–364 substituted "section 16(c) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 414(c))" for "section 16(3) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 414(3))".
2004—Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 108–375 substituted "$75,000,000" for "$50,000,000".
2002—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(3)(A), struck out "laws" after "following" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(3)(B), substituted "Sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40" for "The Act entitled 'An Act relating to the rate of wages for laborers and mechanics employed on public buildings of the United States and the District of Columbia by contractors and subcontractors, and for other purposes', approved March 3, 1931 (commonly referred to as the 'Davis-Bacon Act') (40 U.S.C. 276a—276a–5)".
2001—Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii), (6)(B). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology".
1997—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 105–85, §1073(a)(42), substituted "subsection (k)" for "subsection (j)".
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 105–85, §1073(a)(43)(A), substituted "(6)(B)" for "(6)(C)".
Subsec. (f)(2)(E). Pub. L. 105–85, §841(b), struck out "and such document is approved by the competition advocate for the procuring activity" after "requiring the use of procedures other than competitive procedures".
Subsec. (f)(6)(B), (C). Pub. L. 105–85, §1073(a)(43)(B), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B), substituted "paragraph (1)(B)(iii)" for "paragraph (1)(B)(iv)" in introductory provisions, and struck out former subpar. (B), which read as follows: "The authority of the senior procurement executive under paragraph (1)(B)(iii) may be delegated only to an officer or employee within the senior procurement executive's organization who—
"(i) if a member of the armed forces, is a general or flag officer; or
"(ii) if a civilian, is serving in a position in grade GS–16 or above (or in a comparable or higher position under any other schedule for civilian officers or employees)."
Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 105–85, §850(f)(3)(B), substituted "31(f)" for "31(g)".
1996—Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 104–320 substituted "agency, or to procure the services of an expert or neutral for use" for "agency, or" and inserted "or negotiated rulemaking" after "alternative dispute resolution".
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 104–106, §4102(a)(1), substituted "$500,000 (but equal to or less than $10,000,000)" for "$100,000 (but equal to or less than $1,000,000)" and "(ii) or (iii)" for "(ii), (iii), or (iv)".
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 104–106, §4102(a)(2), substituted "$10,000,000 (but equal to or less than $50,000,000)" for "$1,000,000 (but equal to or less than $10,000,000)" and inserted "or" at end.
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 104–106, §4102(a)(3), (4), redesignated cl. (iv) as (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: "in the case of a contract for an amount exceeding $10,000,000 (but equal to or less than $50,000,000), by the senior procurement executive of the agency designated pursuant to section 16(3) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 414(3)) or the senior procurement executive's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (6)(B), or in the case of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, acting in his capacity as the senior procurement executive for the Department of Defense, the Under Secretary's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (6)(C); or".
Subsec. (f)(2)(D). Pub. L. 104–106, §4321(b)(4), substituted "the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act (41 U.S.C. 46 et seq.)," for "the Act of June 25, 1938 (41 U.S.C. 46 et seq.), popularly referred to as the Wagner-O'Day Act,".
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 104–106, §4202(a)(1)(A), substituted "shall provide for—" and subpars. (A) and (B) for "shall provide for special simplified procedures for purchases of property and services for amounts not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold."
Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 104–106, §4202(a)(1)(B), added par. (4).
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 104–106, §4321(b)(5), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "The Act entitled 'An Act to provide conditions for the purchase of supplies and the making of contracts by the United States, and for other purposes', approved June 30, 1936 (commonly referred to as the 'Walsh-Healey Act') (41 U.S.C. 35–45)."
Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 104–106, §4101(a), added subsec. (j) and redesignated former subsec. (j) as (k).
1994—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–355, §1001(1), substituted "Federal Acquisition Regulation" for "modifications to regulations promulgated pursuant to section 2752 of the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (41 U.S.C. 403 note)".
Subsec. (b)(1)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 103–355, §1002(a), added subpars. (D) to (F).
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–355, §1002(b), added par. (4).
Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 103–355, §1005, added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 103–355, §7203(a)(1)(A), inserted "subject to subsection (j)," after "(5)".
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 103–355, §1003, inserted before semicolon at end "or by an official referred to in clause (ii), (iii), or (iv)".
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 103–355, §§1001(2), 4401(a)(1), substituted "Federal Acquisition Regulation" for "regulations modified in accordance with section 2752 of the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (41 U.S.C. 403 note)" and "purchases of property and services for amounts not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold" for "small purchases of property and services".
Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 103–355, §4401(a)(4), substituted "simplified acquisition threshold" for "small purchase threshold" and "simplified procedures" for "small purchase procedures".
Pub. L. 103–355, §4401(a)(2), (3), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "For the purposes of this subsection, a small purchase is a purchase or contract for an amount which does not exceed the small purchase threshold."
Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 103–355, §4401(a)(5), substituted "simplified procedures" for "small purchase procedures".
Pub. L. 103–355, §4401(a)(3), redesignated par. (4) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (2).
Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 103–355, §4401(a)(3), redesignated par. (4) as (3).
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 103–355, §7203(a)(1)(B), added subsec. (j).
Pub. L. 103–355, §1004(b), struck out subsec. (j) which related to authority of Secretary of Defense to enter into master agreements for advisory and assistance services.
1993—Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii), (iv), (6)(C). Pub. L. 103–160 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition".
1992—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–484, §801(h)(2), substituted "section 2323 of this title" for "section 1207 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 (10 U.S.C. 2301 note)".
Subsec. (j)(3)(A). Pub. L. 102–484, §1052(23), substituted "section 8(d) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(d))" for "section 8(e) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(e))".
Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 102–484, §816, substituted "on September 30, 1994." for "at the end of the three-year period beginning on the date on which final regulations prescribed to carry out this subsection take effect."
1991—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–25, §701(d)(2)(A)(i), substituted "subsection" for "chapter".
Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 102–25, §701(d)(2)(A)(ii), struck out par. (5) which provided that in this subsection, the term "small purchase threshold" has the meaning given such term in section 403(11) of title 41. See section 2302(7) of this title.
Subsec. (j)(3)(A). Pub. L. 102–25, §701(d)(2)(B), substituted "the small purchase threshold" for "$25,000".
1990—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–510 substituted "the small purchase threshold" for "$25,000" in pars. (2) and (3) and added par. (5).
1989—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–189, §853(d), substituted "The head of an agency" for "An executive agency" and "concerns other than" for "other than" and inserted before period at end "and concerns other than small business concerns, historically Black colleges and universities, and minority institutions in furtherance of section 1207 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 (10 U.S.C. 2301 note)".
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–189, §818(a)(1), (3), added cl. (iii). Former cl. (iii) redesignated (iv).
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 101–189, §818(a)(2), (c)(1), redesignated cl. (iii) as (iv) and substituted "$50,000,000" for "$10,000,000" and "paragraph (6)(C)" for "paragraph (6)(B)".
Subsec. (f)(2)(E). Pub. L. 101–189, §817(a), added subpar. (E).
Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 101–189, §817(b), inserted ", and any document prepared pursuant to paragraph (2)(E)," after "any related information".
Subsec. (f)(6)(B). Pub. L. 101–189, §818(b)(2), added subpar. (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (C).
Subsec. (f)(6)(C). Pub. L. 101–189, §818(b)(1), (c)(2), redesignated subpar. (B) as (C) and substituted "paragraph (1)(B)(iv)" for "paragraph (1)(B)(iii)".
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–189, §812, added subsec. (j).
1988—Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 100–456, §803(1), substituted "(or the head of the procuring activity's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (6)(A));" for "or a delegate who, if a member of the armed forces, is a general or flag officer or, if a civilian, is serving in a position in grade GS–16 or above under the General Schedule (or in a comparable or higher position under another schedule);".
Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 100–456, §803(2), inserted "or in the case of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, acting in his capacity as the senior procurement executive for the Department of Defense, the Under Secretary's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (6)(B)" before semicolon at end.
Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 100–456, §803(3), added par. (6).
1987—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(3)(A), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 403 note)" after "Competition in Contracting Act of 1984".
Subsec. (f)(1)(C). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(3)(B), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 416)" after "Policy Act".
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(3)(A), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 403 note)" after "Act of 1984".
1986—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–661, §1343(a)(14), substituted "15 U.S.C. 638," for "15 U.S.C. 639;".
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§923(a)], Pub. L. 99–661, §923(a), amended par. (1) identically, inserting "or only from a limited number of responsible sources".
Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§923(b)], Pub. L. 99–661, §923(b), amended subpar. (A) identically, substituting "a concept—" for "a unique and innovative concept", adding cl. (i), and designating provision relating to nonavailability to the United States and nonresemblance to a pending competitive procurement as cl. (ii).
Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§923(c)], Pub. L. 99–661, §923(c), amended subpar. (B) identically, inserting ", or the continued provision of highly specialized services, such property or services may be deemed to be available only from the original source and may be procured through procedures other than competitive procedures" after "highly specialized equipment", inserted a one-em dash after "would result in", paragraphed cls. (i) and (ii), in cl. (i) substituted "competition;" for "competition,", and in cl. (ii) struck out ", such property may be deemed to be available only from the original source and may be procured through procedures other than competitive procedures" after "agency's needs".
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§927(a)], Pub. L. 99–661, §927(a), amended section identically, adding subsec. (i).
1985—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–145, §1303(a)(13), substituted "procedures" for "krocedures".
Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 99–145, §961(a)(1), amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: "The justification and approval required by paragraph (1) is not required in the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (c)(7) or in the case of a procurement conducted under—
"(A) the Act of June 25, 1938 (41 U.S.C. 46 et seq.), popularly referred to as the Wagner-O'Day Act; or
"(B) the authority of section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637)."
1984—Pub. L. 98–369, §2723(a), substituted "Contracts: competition requirements" for "Purchases and contracts: formal advertising; exceptions" in section catchline and struck out subsecs. (a) to (e) and (g) to (i), redesignated subsec. (f) as (h), and added new subsecs. (a) through (g), thereby removing the prior statutory preference for formal advertising and installing instead more competitive procurement procedures, including dual sourcing, but with provision for the use of other than competitive procedures in specified situations.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–577, §504(b)(1), substituted provisions to the effect that executive agencies may provide for procurement of property or services covered by this section using competitive procedures but excluding other than small business concerns for provisions which provided that executive agencies shall use competitive procedures but may restrict a solicitation to allow only small business concerns to compete.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–577, §504(b)(1), added par. (3).
Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 98–577, §504(b)(2), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–369, §2727(b), substituted "contracts awarded after using procedures other than sealed-bid procedures shall be treated as if they were made with sealed bid procedures" for "contracts negotiated under this section shall be treated as if they were made with formal advertising".
Pub. L. 98–369, §2723(a)(1)(B), redesignated subsec. (f) as (h).
1982—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–295, §1(24)(A), inserted ", and shall be awarded on a competitive bid basis to the lowest responsible bidder," after "formal advertising".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–375 repealed subsec. (e) which directed that a report be made on May and November 19 of each year of purchases and contracts under cls. (11) and (16) of subsec. (a) since the last report, and that the report name each contractor, state the amount of each contract, and describe, with consideration of the national security, the property and services covered by each contract.
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 97–295, §1(24)(B), substituted "Healey" for "Healy" after "Walsh–".
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–295, §1(24)(C), added subsec. (i).
1981—Subsecs. (a)(3), (g). Pub. L. 97–86 substituted "$25,000" for "$10,000".
1980—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–513 substituted "(1) The Act entitled 'An Act to provide conditions for the purchase of supplies and the making of contracts by the United States, and for other purposes', approved June 30, 1936 (commonly referred to as the 'Walsh-Healy Act') (41 U.S.C. 35–45).", for "(1) Sections 35–45 of title 41.", and "(2) The Act entitled 'An Act relating to the rate of wages for laborers and mechanics employed on public buildings of the United States and the District of Columbia by contractors and subcontractors, and for other purposes', approved March 3, 1931 (commonly referred to as the 'Davis-Bacon Act') (40 U.S.C. 276a—276a–5)." for "(2) Sections 276a—276a–5 of title 40.", and struck out "(3) Sections 324 and 325a of title 40".
1974—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–356, §4(a), substituted "$10,000" for "$2,500".
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–356, §4(b), substituted "$10,000" for "$2,500".
1968—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–500 required that the proposals solicited from the maximum number of qualified sources, consistent with the nature and requirements of the supplies or services to be procured, include price.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 90–268 added subsec. (h).
1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–653, §1(a), (b), provided that formal advertising be used where feasible and practicable under existing conditions and circumstances, subjected the agency head to the requirements of section 2310 of this title before negotiating a contract where formal advertising is not feasible and practicable and, in par. (14), substituted "would be likely to result in additional cost to the Government by reason of duplication of investment or would result in duplication of necessary preparation which would unduly delay the procurement of the property;" for "and competitive bidding might require duplication of investment or preparation already made or would unduly delay the procurement of that property; or".
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 87–653, §1(c), added subsec. (g).
1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–861 included Commonwealths in cl. (6).
Pub. L. 85–800 substituted "$2,500" for "$1,000" in cl. (3) and inserted "or nonperishable" in cl. (9).
Amendment by section 836(c)(2) of Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §850(g), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1850, provided that:
"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section, former section 2302c of this title, section 637 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1501 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 252c, 253, 416, 426, and 427 of Title 41, Public Contracts, repealing section 426a of Title 41, amending provisions set out as a note under section 413 of Title 41, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 426a of Title 41] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 18, 1997].
"(2) The repeal made by subsection (c) of this section [repealing provisions set out as a note under section 426a of Title 41] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act."
For effective date and applicability of amendments by Pub. L. 104–106, see section 4401 of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as a note under section 2302 of this title.
For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 103–355, see section 10001 of Pub. L. 103–355, set out as a note under section 2302 of this title.
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §923(d)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–153, Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §923(d)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–153, and Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §923(d), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3932, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273, provided that:
"(1) The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to contracts for which solicitations are issued after the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986].
"(2) The amendment made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to contracts awarded on the basis of unsolicited research proposals after the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.
"(3) The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to follow-on contracts awarded after the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act."
Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §961(e), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 704, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) [amending this section and section 253 of Title 41, Public Contracts], (b) [amending section 2323 (now section 2343) of this title], and (c) [amending section 759 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (title VII of division B of Public Law 98–369) [see Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note set out under section 2302 of this title]."
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 applicable with respect to any solicitation for bids or proposals issued after Mar. 31, 1985, see section 2751 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 2302 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Pub. L. 87–653, §1(h), Sept. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 529, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 2306, 2310, and 2311 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the third calendar month which begins after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 10, 1962]."
Amendment by Pub. L. 85–861 effective Aug. 10, 1956, see section 33(g) of Pub. L. 85–861, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Repeal of prior subsec. (j) of this section by section 1004(b) of Pub. L. 103–355 not to be construed as modifying or superseding, or as intended to impair or restrict, authorities or responsibilities under former section 759 or former subchapter VI (§541 et seq.) of chapter 10 of Title 40 [now chapter 11 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works], see section 1004(d) of Pub. L. 103–355, set out as a note under section 2304a of this title.
Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1192, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 2305 of this title] do not supersede or affect the provisions of section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a))."
Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §827, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1467, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) begin on the date that is two years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017]; and
"(2) end on the date that is five years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
"(c)
"(d)
"(1) denied in an opinion issued by the Government Accountability Office;
"(2) filed by a party with revenues in excess of $250,000,000 (based on fiscal year 2017 constant dollars) during the previous year; and
"(3) filed on or after October 1, 2019 and on or before September 30, 2022."
Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XVII, §1710, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1810, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) the terms 'commercialization', 'Federal agency', 'Phase I', 'Phase II', 'Phase III', 'SBIR', and 'STTR' have the meanings given those terms in section 9(e) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(e));
"(2) the term 'covered small business concern' means—
"(A) a small business concern that completed a Phase II award under the SBIR or STTR program of the Department; or
"(B) a small business concern that—
"(i) completed a Phase I award under the SBIR or STTR program of the Department; and
"(ii) a contracting officer for the Department recommended for inclusion in a multiple award contract described in subsection (b);
"(1) [sic] the term 'Department' means the Department of Defense;
"(2) [sic] the term 'military department' has the meaning given the term in section 101 of title 10, United States Code;
"(3) the term 'multiple award contract' has the meaning given the term in section 3302(a) of title 41, United States Code;
"(4) the term 'pilot program' means the pilot program established under subsection (b); and
"(5) the term 'small business concern' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
"(b)
"(c)
"(d)
"(e)
"(f)
"(1) direct awards for Phase III of an SBIR or STTR program; or
"(2) any other contract vehicle."
Pub. L. 114–113, div. C, title VIII, §8039, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2359, provided that:
"None of the funds appropriated by this Act [div. C of Pub. L. 114–113, see Tables for classification] and hereafter shall be available for a contract for studies, analysis, or consulting services entered into without competition on the basis of an unsolicited proposal unless the head of the activity responsible for the procurement determines—
"(1) as a result of thorough technical evaluation, only one source is found fully qualified to perform the proposed work;
"(2) the purpose of the contract is to explore an unsolicited proposal which offers significant scientific or technological promise, represents the product of original thinking, and was submitted in confidence by one source; or
"(3) the purpose of the contract is to take advantage of unique and significant industrial accomplishment by a specific concern, or to insure that a new product or idea of a specific concern is given financial support: Provided, That this limitation shall not apply to contracts in an amount of less than $25,000, contracts related to improvements of equipment that is in development or production, or contracts as to which a civilian official of the Department of Defense, who has been confirmed by the Senate, determines that the award of such contract is in the interest of the national defense."
Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §895, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 954, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 25, 2015], the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics shall review, and as necessary revise or issue, policy guidance pertaining to the identification, mitigation, and prevention of potential unfair competitive advantage conferred to technical advisors to acquisition programs."
Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §898, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 955, provided that: "The Department of Defense may not preclude a non-profit organization from competing for a contract for religious related services on a United States military installation."
Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VIII, §824, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3436, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) single bid contracts may not be entered into resulting from reverse auctions unless compliant with existing Federal regulations and Department of Defense memoranda providing guidance on single bid offers;
"(2) all reverse auctions provide offerors with the ability to submit revised bids throughout the course of the auction;
"(3) if a reverse auction is conducted by a third party—
"(A) inherently governmental functions are not performed by private contractors, including by the third party; and
"(B) past performance or financial responsibility information created by the third party is made available to offerors; and
"(4) reverse auctions resulting in design-build military construction contracts specifically authorized in law are prohibited.
"(b)
"(c)
Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §802, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1824, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall issue such guidance and regulations as may be necessary to ensure that in any case in which an offeror for a contract or a task or delivery order informs the agency pursuant to section 52.215-22 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation that the offeror intends to award subcontracts for more than 70 percent of the total cost of work to be performed under the contract, task order, or delivery order, the contracting officer for the contract is required to—
"(1) consider the availability of alternative contract vehicles and the feasibility of contracting directly with a subcontractor or subcontractors that will perform the bulk of the work;
"(2) make a written determination that the contracting approach selected is in the best interest of the Government; and
"(3) document the basis for such determination."
Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §806, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4260, as amended by Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §806, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1827; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §881(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1913, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) carry out a covered procurement action; and
"(2) limit, notwithstanding any other provision of law, in whole or in part, the disclosure of information relating to the basis for carrying out a covered procurement action.
"(b)
"(1) obtaining a joint recommendation by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics and the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense, on the basis of a risk assessment by the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, that there is a significant supply chain risk to a covered system;
"(2) making a determination in writing, in unclassified or classified form, with the concurrence of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, that—
"(A) use of the authority in subsection (a)(1) is necessary to protect national security by reducing supply chain risk;
"(B) less intrusive measures are not reasonably available to reduce such supply chain risk; and
"(C) in a case where the head of the covered agency plans to limit disclosure of information under subsection (a)(2), the risk to national security due to the disclosure of such information outweighs the risk due to not disclosing such information; and
"(3) providing a classified or unclassified notice of the determination made under paragraph (2) to the appropriate congressional committees, which notice shall include—
"(A) the information required by section 2304(f)(3) of title 10, United States Code;
"(B) the joint recommendation by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics and the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense as specified in paragraph (1);
"(C) a summary of the risk assessment by the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence that serves as the basis for the joint recommendation specified in paragraph (1); and
"(D) a summary of the basis for the determination, including a discussion of less intrusive measures that were considered and why they were not reasonably available to reduce supply chain risk.
"(c)
"(d)
"(1) no action undertaken by the agency head under such authority shall be subject to review in a bid protest before the Government Accountability Office or in any Federal court; and
"(2) the agency head shall—
"(A) notify appropriate parties of a covered procurement action and the basis for such action only to the extent necessary to effectuate the covered procurement action;
"(B) notify other Department of Defense components or other Federal agencies responsible for procurements that may be subject to the same or similar supply chain risk, in a manner and to the extent consistent with the requirements of national security; and
"(C) ensure the confidentiality of any such notifications.
"(e)
"(1)
"(A) The Secretary of Defense.
"(B) The Secretary of the Army.
"(C) The Secretary of the Navy.
"(D) The Secretary of the Air Force.
"(2)
"(A) The exclusion of a source that fails to meet qualification standards established in accordance with the requirements of section 2319 of title 10, United States Code, for the purpose of reducing supply chain risk in the acquisition of covered systems.
"(B) The exclusion of a source that fails to achieve an acceptable rating with regard to an evaluation factor providing for the consideration of supply chain risk in the evaluation of proposals for the award of a contract or the issuance of a task or delivery order.
"(C) The decision to withhold consent for a contractor to subcontract with a particular source or to direct a contractor for a covered system to exclude a particular source from consideration for a subcontract under the contract.
"(3)
"(A) a source selection for a covered system or a covered item of supply involving either a performance specification, as provided in section 2305(a)(1)(C)(ii) of title 10, United States Code, or an evaluation factor, as provided in section 2305(a)(2)(A) of such title, relating to supply chain risk;
"(B) the consideration of proposals for and issuance of a task or delivery order for a covered system or a covered item of supply, as provided in section 2304c(d)(3) of title 10, United States Code, where the task or delivery order contract concerned includes a contract clause establishing a requirement relating to supply chain risk; or
"(C) any contract action involving a contract for a covered system or a covered item of supply where such contract includes a clause establishing requirements relating to supply chain risk.
"(4)
"(5)
"(6)
"(7)
"(A) in the case of a covered system included in the National Intelligence Program or the Military Intelligence Program, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives]; and
"(B) in the case of a covered system not otherwise included in subparagraph (A), the congressional defense committees.
"(f)
"(1) contracts that are awarded on or after such date; and
"(2) task and delivery orders that are issued on or after such date pursuant to contracts that are awarded before, on, or after such date.
"[(g) Repealed. Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §881(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1913.]
"(h)
"(1)
"(A) establish criteria for measuring the effectiveness of the authority provided by this section; and
"(B) collect data to evaluate the implementation of this section using such criteria.
"(2)
"(A) not later than March 1, 2013, a report on the criteria established under paragraph (1)(A); and
"(B) not later than January 1, 2017, a report on the effectiveness of the implementation of this section, based on data collected under paragraph (1)(B)."
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VIII, §820, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2410, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) funded entirely using funds of the Department of Defense; and
"(2) covered by subpart 7.107 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (relating to acquisitions involving bundling).
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title I, §143, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4381, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(e)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4374, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) An assessment of Department of Defense-wide small arms requirements in terms of capabilities and quantities, based on an analysis of the small arms capability assessments of each military department.
"(2) An assessment of plans for small arms research, development, and acquisition programs to meet the requirements identified under paragraph (1).
"(3) An assessment of capabilities, capacities, and risks in the small arms industrial base of the United States to meet the requirements of the Department of Defense for pistols, carbines, rifles, and light, medium, and heavy machine guns during the 20 years following the date of the report.
"(4) An assessment of the costs, benefits, and risks of full and open competition for the procurement of non-developmental pistols and carbines that are not technically compatible with the M9 pistol or M4 carbine to meet the requirements identified under paragraph (1).
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) is open to all developmental item solutions and non-developmental item solutions; and
"(B) provides for the award of a contract based on selection criteria that reflect the key performance parameters and attributes identified in a service requirements document approved by the Army.
"(c)
"(1) means man-portable or vehicle-mounted light weapons, designed primarily for use by individual military personnel for anti-personnel use; and
"(2) includes pistols, carbines, rifles, and light, medium, and heavy machine guns."
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §802, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4518, which required guidance from the Secretary on certain statutory requirements regarding major defense acquisition programs and the national technology and industrial base, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(b)(11), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848.
Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §821, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 226, as amended by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(b)(2)(B), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3506; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(f)(3), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1871, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) Government-unique clauses authorized by law or regulation.
"(2) Any additional clauses that are relevant and necessary to a specific contract.
"(b)
"(1) The term 'commercial contract' means a contract awarded by the Federal Government for the procurement of a commercial item.
"(2) The term 'commercial item' has the meaning provided by section 103 of title 41, United States Code."
[Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(f)(3), (h), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1871, 1874, provided that, effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, section 821(b) of Pub. L. 110–181, set out above, is amended:
[(1) in paragraph (1), by striking "a commercial item" and inserting "a commercial product or a commercial service";
[(2) in paragraph (2), by striking "commercial item" and inserting "commercial product"; and
[(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
["(3) The term 'commercial service' has the meaning provided by section 103a of title 41, United States Code."]
Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §885, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 265, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VI, §641, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4241; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1062(c), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1585, provided that:
"(a)
"(1)
"(2)
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(c)
Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §892, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 270, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) full and open competition is obtained to the maximum extent practicable;
"(2) no responsible United States manufacturer is excluded from competing for such procurements; and
"(3) products manufactured in the United States are not excluded from the competition.
"(b)
"(1) Pistols and other weapons less than 0.50 caliber for assistance to the Army of Iraq, the Iraqi Police Forces, and other Iraqi security organizations.
"(2) Pistols and other weapons less than 0.50 caliber for assistance to the Army of Afghanistan, the Afghani Police Forces, and other Afghani security organizations."
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §804(a)–(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4519, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) The review and determination required by subsection (a)(1) of such section shall be completed by not later than March 15, 2009.
"(2) The review and determination required by subsection (a)(2) of such section, if necessary, shall be completed by not later than June 15, 2010, and such review and determination shall be a review and determination of such agency's procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department of Defense in fiscal year 2009.
"(3) The memorandum of understanding required by subsection (c)(1) of such section shall be entered into by not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008].
"(4) The limitation specified in subsection (d)(1) of such section shall apply after March 15, 2009, and before June 16, 2010.
"(5) The limitation specified in subsection (d)(2) of such section shall apply after June 15, 2010.
"(6) The limitation required by subsection (d)(3) of such section shall commence, if necessary, on the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
"(c)
"(1) The Department of Commerce.
"(2) The Department of Energy."
Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §801, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 202, as amended by Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §804(d), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4519; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VIII, §806, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2404; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VIII, §817, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1493; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §§801, 805, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1824, 1826; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(d)(1)(B), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3509, provided that:
"(a)
"(1)
"(A) review—
"(i) the procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls of such covered non-defense agency that are applicable to the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department by such covered non-defense agency; and
"(ii) the administration of such policies, procedures, and internal controls; and
"(B) determine in writing whether such covered non-defense agency is or is not compliant with applicable procurement requirements.
"(2)
"(3)
"(4)
"(A) determine that the non-defense agency is compliant with applicable procurement requirements; and
"(B) notify the Secretary of Defense of that determination.
"(5)
"(b)
"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), an acquisition official of the Department of Defense may place an order, make a purchase, or otherwise procure property or services for the Department of Defense in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold through a non-defense agency only if—
"(A) in the case of a procurement by any non-defense agency in any fiscal year, the head of the non-defense agency has certified that the non-defense agency will comply with applicable procurement requirements for the fiscal year;
"(B) in the case of—
"(i) a procurement by a covered non-defense agency in a fiscal year for which a memorandum of understanding is to be entered into under subsection (a)(3), the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of the covered non-defense agency have entered into such a memorandum of understanding; or
"(ii) a procurement by a covered non-defense agency in a fiscal year following the Inspectors General review and determination provided for under subsection (a), the Inspectors General have determined that a covered non-defense agency is compliant with applicable procurement requirements or have terminated a prior determination of non-compliance in accordance with subsection (a)(4); and
"(C) the procurement is not otherwise prohibited by section 817 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364) or section 811 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163) [see notes below].
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
"(3)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use direct acquisitions;
"(B) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use assisted acquisitions;
"(C) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use interagency contracting to acquire items unique to the Department of Defense and the procedures for approving such interagency contracting;
"(D) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use interagency contracting to acquire items that are already being provided under a contract awarded by the Department of Defense;
"(E) tools that should be used by such acquisition officials to determine whether items are already being provided under a contract awarded by the Department of Defense; and
"(F) procedures for ensuring that applicable procurement requirements are identified and communicated to outside agencies involved in interagency contracting.
"(d)
"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the purposes of this section, a non-defense agency is compliant with applicable procurement requirements if the procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls of the non-defense agency applicable to the procurement of products and services on behalf of the Department of Defense, and the manner in which they are administered, are adequate to ensure the compliance of the non-defense agency with the following:
"(A) The Federal Acquisition Regulation and other laws and regulations that apply to procurements of property and services by Federal agencies.
"(B) Laws and regulations (including applicable Department of Defense financial management regulations) that apply to procurements of property and services made by the Department of Defense through other Federal agencies.
"(2) In the case of the procurement of property or services on behalf of the Department of Defense through the Work for Others program of the Department of Energy, the laws and regulations applicable under paragraph (1)(B) are the Department of Energy Acquisition Regulations, pertinent interagency agreements, and Department of Defense and Department of Energy policies related to the Work for Others program.
"(e)
"(f)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) The General Services Administration.
"(B) The Department of the Interior.
"(C) The Department of Veterans Affairs.
"(D) The National Institutes of Health.
"(E) The Department of Commerce.
"(F) The Department of Energy.
"(3)
"(A) is entered into by a non-defense agency; and
"(B) may be used as the contract under which property or services are procured for one or more other departments or agencies of the Federal Government.
"(4)
"(5)
"(6)
"(A) a contracting officer of the Department of Defense; or
"(B) any other Department of Defense official authorized to approve a direct acquisition or an assisted acquisition on behalf of the Department of Defense.
"(7)
"(8)
Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §817, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2326, provided that:
"(a)
"(1)
"(A) review—
"(i) the procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls of such non-defense agency that are applicable to the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department by such non-defense agency; and
"(ii) the administration of those policies, procedures, and internal controls; and
"(B) determine in writing whether—
"(i) such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements;
"(ii) such non-defense agency is not compliant with defense procurement requirements, but has a program or initiative to significantly improve compliance with defense procurement requirements;
"(iii) neither of the conclusions stated in clauses (i) and (ii) is correct in the case of such non-defense agency; or
"(iv) such non-defense agency is not compliant with defense procurement requirements to such an extent that the interests of the Department of Defense are at risk in procurements conducted by such non-defense agency.
"(2)
"(A) conduct a second review, as described in subparagraph (A) of that paragraph, regarding such non-defense agency's procurement of property or services on behalf of the Department of Defense in fiscal year 2007; and
"(B) determine in writing whether such non-defense agency is or is not compliant with defense procurement requirements.
"(b)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(d)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(e)
"(1)
"(2)
"(f)
"(1) determine that such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements; and
"(2) notify the Secretary of Defense of that determination.
"(g)
"(h)
"(i)
"(1) The term 'covered non-defense agency' means each of the following:
"(A) The Department of Veterans Affairs.
"(B) The National Institutes of Health.
"(2) The term 'governmentwide acquisition contract', with respect to a covered non-defense agency, means a task or delivery order contract that—
"(A) is entered into by the non-defense agency; and
"(B) may be used as the contract under which property or services are procured for one or more other departments or agencies of the Federal Government."
Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VIII, §811, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3374, provided that:
"(a)
"(1)
"(A) review—
"(i) the procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls of such non-defense agency that are applicable to the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department by such non-defense agency; and
"(ii) the administration of those policies, procedures, and internal controls; and
"(B) determine in writing whether—
"(i) such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements;
"(ii) such non-defense agency is not compliant with defense procurement requirements, but has a program or initiative to significantly improve compliance with defense procurement requirements; or
"(iii) neither of the conclusions stated in clauses (i) and (ii) is correct in the case of such non-defense agency.
"(2)
"(A) conduct a second review, as described in subparagraph (A) of that paragraph, regarding such non-defense agency's procurement of property or services on behalf of the Department of Defense in fiscal year 2006; and
"(B) determine in writing whether such non-defense agency is or is not compliant with defense procurement requirements.
"(b)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(d)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(e)
"(1)
"(2)
"(f)
"(1) determine that such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements; and
"(2) notify the Secretary of Defense of that determination.
"(g)
"(h)
"(1) The term 'covered non-defense agency' means each of the following:
"(A) The Department of the Treasury.
"(B) The Department of the Interior.
"(C) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
"(2) The term 'governmentwide acquisition contract', with respect to a covered non-defense agency, means a task or delivery order contract that—
"(A) is entered into by the non-defense agency; and
"(B) may be used as the contract under which property or services are procured for 1 or more other departments or agencies of the Federal Government."
Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §813, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2320, as amended by Pub. L. 111–23, title II, §207(d), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1730, which established the Panel on Contracting Integrity and its composition and duties, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(b)(12), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848.
Pub. L. 109–289, div. A, title VIII, §8048, Sept. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 1284, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, each contract awarded by the Department of Defense during the current fiscal year and hereafter for construction or service performed in whole or in part in a State (as defined in section 381(d) [now 281(d)] of title 10, United States Code) which is not contiguous with another State and has an unemployment rate in excess of the national average rate of unemployment as determined by the Secretary of Labor, shall include a provision requiring the contractor to employ, for the purpose of performing that portion of the contract in such State that is not contiguous with another State, individuals who are residents of such State and who, in the case of any craft or trade, possess or would be able to acquire promptly the necessary skills: Provided, That the Secretary of Defense may waive the requirements of this section, on a case-by-case basis, in the interest of national security."
Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VIII, §851, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2019, provided that:
"(a)
"(2) In conducting the review, the Secretary shall—
"(A) identify potential weaknesses and areas for improvement in existing policies, procedures, practices, and penalties;
"(B) develop and implement reforms to strengthen, upgrade, and improve policies, procedures, practices, and penalties of the Department of Defense and its contractors; and
"(C) review and analyze reforms developed pursuant to this paragraph to identify for purposes of national implementation those which are most efficient and effective.
"(3) The review under this subsection shall be completed not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2004].
"(b)
"(c)
"(1) reliable, effective workforce programs offered by prospective contractors that provide background checks and other measures to ensure the contractor is in compliance with the Immigration and Nationality Act; and
"(2) reliable, effective project staffing plans offered by prospective contractors that specify for all contract employees (including management employees, professionals, and craft labor personnel) the skills, training, and qualifications of such persons and the labor supply sources and hiring plans or procedures used for employing such persons.
"(d)
"(e)
"(f)
Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VIII, §854, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2022, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(1) Printing, binding, or blank-book work to which section 502 of title 44, United States Code, applies.
"(2) Services available under programs pursuant to section 103 of the Library of Congress Fiscal Operations Improvement Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–481; 114 Stat. 2187; 2 U.S.C. 182c).
"(d)
"(2) In the case of procurements made on orders issued by the head of a Defense Agency, Department of Defense Field Activity, or any other organization within the Department of Defense (other than a military department) under the authority of the Secretary of Defense as the head of an agency, the report under paragraph (1) shall be submitted by the head of that Defense Agency, Department of Defense Field Activity, or other organization, respectively.
"(3) The report for a fiscal year under this subsection shall be submitted not later than December 31 of the calendar year in which such fiscal year ends.
"(e)
"(1) The term 'head of an agency' means the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Air Force.
"(2) The term 'Defense Agency' has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(11) of title 10, United States Code.
"(3) The term 'Department of Defense Field Activity' has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(12) of such title."
Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title III, §334, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1443, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(2) A determination under this subsection shall be made pursuant to procedures prescribed by the Secretary of Defense."
Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VIII, §803, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1178, which required the Secretary of Defense to promulgate in the Department of Defense Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation, not later than 180 days after Dec. 28, 2001, regulations requiring competition in the purchase of services by the Department of Defense pursuant to multiple award contracts, was repealed by Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §863(f), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4548.
Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VIII, §826], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–220, provided that: "In accordance with the requirements contained in the amendments enacted in the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (title VII of division B of Public Law 98–369; 98 Stat. 1175) [see Tables for classification], the Secretary of Defense may not, in awarding a contract for the purchase of firearms or ammunition, take into account whether a manufacturer or vendor of firearms or ammunition is a party to an agreement under which the manufacturer or vendor agrees to adopt limitations with respect to importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms or ammunition in the commercial market."
Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VIII, §806(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 705, directed the Comptroller General, not later than Mar. 1, 2001, to submit to Congress an evaluation of the test program authorized by the provisions in Pub. L. 104–106, §4202 (amending this section and section 2305 of this title and sections 253, 253a, 416, and 427 of Title 41, Public Contracts, and enacting provisions set out as a note below), together with any recommendations that the Comptroller General considered appropriate regarding the test program or the use of special simplified procedures for purchases of commercial items in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold.
Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VIII, §806, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2084, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title III, §391, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1716, as amended by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title III, §382, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 583; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title III, §364, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1068; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title III, §368, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2524; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title III, §343, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1857, which authorized the Secretary of Defense to carry out a pilot program to use commercial sources of services to improve the collection of Department of Defense claims under aircraft engine warranties, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(b)(13), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848.
Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §848, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1846, as amended by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(b)(10), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3507, provided that:
"(a)
"(2) Not later than October 1, 2000, at least 90 percent of all eligible purchases made by the Department of Defense for an amount less than the micro-purchase threshold shall be made through streamlined micro-purchase procedures.
"(b)
"(c)
"(d)
"(A) the total dollar amount of all Department of Defense purchases for an amount less than the micro-purchase threshold in the fiscal year preceding the year in which the report is submitted;
"(B) the total dollar amount of such purchases that were considered to be eligible purchases;
"(C) the total amount of such eligible purchases that were made through a streamlined micro-purchase method; and
"(D) a description of the categories of purchases excluded from the definition of eligible purchases established under subsection (b).
"(e)
"(1) The term 'micro-purchase threshold' has the meaning provided in section 1902 of title 41, United States Code.
"(2) The term 'streamlined micro-purchase procedures' means procedures providing for the use of the Government-wide commercial purchase card or any other method for carrying out micro-purchases that the Secretary of Defense prescribes in the regulations implementing this subsection."
Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLII, §4202(e), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 654, as amended by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VIII, §806(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VIII, §823, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1183; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VIII, §812(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2609; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XIV, §1443(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1676; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VIII, §817, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2015; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §822(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 226; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VIII, §816, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §822, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1830; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, §1091(b)(4), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 876, which related to termination of authority to issue solicitations for purchases of commercial items in excess of simplified acquisition threshold, was repealed by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VIII, §815, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3430.
References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.
Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XI, §1111, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1146, directed the Secretary of Defense to authorize the commander of each military installation to (1) prepare an inventory each fiscal year of commercial activities carried out by Government personnel on the military installation, (2) decide which commercial activities were to be reviewed pursuant to Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 or any successor administrative regulation or policy, (3) conduct a solicitation for contracts for those commercial activities selected for conversion to contractor performance under the Circular A–76 process, and (4) assist in finding suitable employment for any employee of the Department of Defense who had been displaced because of a contract entered into with a contractor for performance of a commercial activity on the military installation; directed the Secretary to prescribe regulations required by the preceding authority no later than 60 days after Dec. 4, 1987; and provided for termination of the authority on Oct. 1, 1989.
Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VIII, §804, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2009, as amended by Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §904(f), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1729, directed Secretary of Defense, within 120 days after Sept. 29, 1988, to establish criteria to ensure that proposals for contracts for professional and technical services be evaluated on a basis which does not encourage contractors to propose mandatory uncompensated overtime for professional and technical employees and, within 30 days after Sept. 29, 1988, to establish an advisory committee to make recommendations on the criteria.
Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VIII, §807, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2011, as amended by Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §904(f), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1729, which provided that not later than 120 days after Sept. 29, 1988, the Secretary of Defense was to make certain revisions to Department of Defense regulations that provide for the use of fixed-price type contracts in a development program, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §818(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2329.
Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VIII, §842, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2468, provided that: "The prohibition in section 316 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 [Pub. L. 99–661] (100 Stat. 3855; 10 U.S.C. 2304 note) shall cease to be effective on the date on which the President certifies to Congress that free, fair, and democratic elections have taken place in Angola."
Determination of President of the United States, No. 93–32, July 19, 1993, 58 F.R. 40309, provided:
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by Public Law 102–484, section 842 [set out as a note above], I hereby certify that free, fair, and democratic elections have taken place in Angola.
You are authorized and directed to report this determination to the Congress and publish it in the Federal Register.
William J. Clinton.
Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title III, §316, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3855, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(1) natural or synthetic crude;
"(2) blends of natural or synthetic crude; and
"(3) products refined or derived from natural or synthetic crude or from such blends.
"(d)
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §927(b)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 100 Stat. 1783–156, Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §927(b)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–156, and Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §927(b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3935, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273, which set a deadline for prescribing the regulations required by subsec. (i) of this section, were repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(b)(14), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848.
Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, §1222(b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3976, which provided that, with exceptions, funds appropriated to the Department of Defense were not to be obligated or expended before Oct. 1, 1987, for the purpose of entering into a contract for the performance of security-guard functions at any military facility, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(b)(15), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848.
Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, §1223, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3977, which required Secretary to contract for Department of Defense supplies and services from private sector after a cost comparison demonstrates lower cost than Department of Defense can provide, and to ensure that overhead costs considered are realistic and fair, was repealed and restated in former section 2462 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, §2(a)(1), (c)(3), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 853, 854.
Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, §1224, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3977, which required Secretary to maintain cost comparison data on performance of a commercial or industrial type activity taken over by Department of Defense comparing performance by employees of private contractor to that of civilian employees of Department of Defense, and to submit semi-annual report on savings or loss to United States, was repealed and restated in section 2463 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, §2(a)(1), (c)(3), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 853, 854.
Pub. L. 101–225, title II, §205, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1912, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an officer or employee of the United States may not enter into a contract for procurement of performance of any function being performed by Coast Guard personnel as of January 1, 1989, before—
"(1) a study has been performed by the Secretary of Transportation under the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 with respect to that procurement;
"(2) the Secretary of Transportation has performed a study, in addition to the study required by paragraph (1) of this subsection, to determine the impact of that procurement on the multimission capabilities of the Coast Guard; and
"(3) copies of the studies required by paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection are submitted to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries [now Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate."
Pub. L. 100–448, §5, Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1837, as amended by Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724, provided that:
"(a)
"(1)
"[(2) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724.]
"[(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724.]
"(c)
"(d)
"(1)
"(2)
[For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior authorization act:
Pub. L. 99–640, §5, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3546.
Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §918, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 690, which provided that Secretary of Defense require each military department to establish accounting procedure to aid in control of expenditures for contracted advisory and assistance services, prescribe regulations to identify such services and which services are in direct support of a weapons system, consider specific list of factors in prescribing regulations, and identify total amount requested and separate category amount requested in budget documents for Department of Defense presented to Congress, was repealed and restated in section 2212 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, §1(d)(2), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 842.
Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §925, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 699, required Secretary of Defense to develop a policy regarding mobility and regular rotation of principal administrative and corporate administrative contracting officers in Department of Defense and to report to Committees on Armed Services of Senate and House of Representatives not later than January 1, 1986, on such policy, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1207(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1665.
Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §932, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 699, prohibited certain felons from working on defense contracts and penalized employment of such persons by defense contractors, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §941(b)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–162, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §941(b)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–162; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §941(b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3942, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273.
Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §934(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 700, which provided for interest payments and penalties for overpayments due to faulty cost and pricing data, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §952(b)(2), (d)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–169, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §952(b)(2), (d)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–169; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §952(b)(2), (d), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3949, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273, effective with respect to contracts or modifications on contracts entered into after the end of the 120-day period beginning on Oct. 18, 1986.
Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1233, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 734, related to services and activities to be performed by non-Government personnel, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, §1222(c), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3977.
Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1231(a)–(e), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 731–733, declared that certain specifically described functions of the Department of Defense shall be deemed logistics activities necessary to maintain the logistics capability described in section 307(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–525, formerly set out below; contained a description of the functions, i.e., depot-level maintenance of mission-essential materiel at specifically located activities of the Army, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Air Force, the Defense Logistics Agency, and the Defense Mapping Agency; included certain matters within the specified functions and excluded certain functions; and defined "mission-essential materiel" as related to such functions.
Pub. L. 98–525, title III, §307, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2514, as amended by Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1231(f), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 733, which prohibited contracting to non-Government personnel of logistics activities necessary for effective response to national emergencies unless Secretary waives such prohibition after a determination that Government performance of such activity is no longer required for national defense reasons, and reports to Congress on waiver, was repealed and restated in former section 2464 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, §2(a)(1), (c)(2), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 853, 854.
Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8078], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1938, prohibited expenditure of funds to adjust any contract price in any shipbuilding claim, request for equitable adjustment, or demand for payment incurred due to the preparation, submission, or adjudication of any such shipbuilding claim, request, or demand under a contract entered into after Oct. 12, 1984, arising out of events occurring more than eighteen months prior to the submission of such shipbuilding claim, request, or demand, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–370, §1(p)(2), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 851.
Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §787, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1453, which contained similar provisions relating to shipbuilding claims for contract price adjustments, was repealed and restated in section 2405 of this title by Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1234(a), (b)(2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2604, effective Oct. 19, 1984.
Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §794, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1454, provided for weapon system guarantees, Government-as-Source exception, and waiver, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1234(b)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2604, effective Jan. 1, 1985.
Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(c) [title VII, §797], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1865, provided that: "None of the funds made available in the Act or any subsequent Act shall be available for the purchase of the alternate or new model fighter aircraft engine that does not have a written warranty or guarantee attesting that it will perform not less than 3,000 tactical cycles. The warranty will provide that the manufacturer must perform the necessary improvements or replace any parts to achieve the required performance at no cost to the Government."
Pub. L. 97–12, title I, §100, June 5, 1981, 95 Stat. 29, and Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, §770, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1590, which provided that no funds authorized for the Department of Defense in fiscal year 1981 and thereafter would be available to reimburse a contractor for the cost of commercial insurance, except for that normally maintained in the conduct of his business, that would protect against the cost for correction for the contractor's own defects in materials or workmanship such as were not a fortuitous casualty or loss, were repealed and restated in section 2399 of this title by Pub. L. 97–295, §§1(29)(A), 6(b), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1293, 1315.
Pub. L. 96–342, title V, §502, Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1086, as amended by Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1112(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 747; Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1234(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 734; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, §1221, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3976, which provided that no commercial or industrial type function of the Department of Defense that on October 1, 1980, was being performed by Department of Defense civilian employees could be converted to performance by a private contractor to circumvent any civilian personnel ceiling unless Secretary of Defense submitted favorable cost comparisons and certifications, and reported annually to Congress with regard to such conversions, was repealed and restated in section 2461 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, §2(a)(1), (c)(1), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 851, 854.
Similar provisions for fiscal year 1980 were contained in Pub. L. 96–107, title VIII, §806, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 813.
Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §813, Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1624, which prohibited payment of a contract claim, request for equitable adjustment, or request for relief which exceeded $100,000 unless a senior company official certified that request was made in good faith and that supporting data was accurate and complete, was repealed and restated in section 2410 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, §1(h)(2), (p)(4), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 847, 851.
Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §814, Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1625, directed the Secretary of Defense to report to the House and Senate Committees on Armed Services any proposed change in policy or regulations from those in effect before June 30, 1976, as to whether commercial or industrial functions at Defense Department installations in the United States, Puerto Rico, and Guam should be performed by Department of Defense personnel or by private contractors during the period Oct. 1, 1978 to Sept. 30, 1979; prohibited such functions to be performed privately unless such contractor performance began before Oct. 20, 1978 or performance would have been allowed by policy and regulations in effect before June 30, 1976; and provided that such prohibition would apply until the end of the 60 day period beginning on the date the report by the Secretary of Defense is received by the House and Senate Committees.
Pub. L. 95–111, title VIII, §836, Sept. 21, 1977, 91 Stat. 906, which directed the Secretary of Defense to require all prime contractors with more than $500,000 of defense contract awards to report in dollars at the end of each year the amount of work done in that year and the State where performed, and requiring the Secretary of Defense to report annually to Congress the amount of funds spent for such work in each State, was repealed and restated in subsec. (i) of this section by Pub. L. 97–295, §§1(24)(C), 6(b), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1291, 1315.
Pub. L. 95–79, title VIII, §809, July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 334, directed the Secretary of Defense and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to review criteria used in determining whether commercial or industrial type functions at Department of Defense installations within the United States, Puerto Rico, and Guam should be performed by Department of Defense personnel or by private contractors and to report to the House and Senate Armed Services Committees before Jan. 1, 1978, the results of the review; prohibited commercial or industrial type functions being performed on July 30, 1977 by Department of Defense personnel from being converted to performance by private contractors before the earlier of Mar. 15, 1978 or the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date the report is received by the House and Senate Committees; exempted from such prohibition the conversion to performance by private contractors of industrial or commercial type functions if the conversion would have been made under policies and regulations in effect before June 30, 1976; and required the Secretary of Defense to report to the House and Senate Committees on Armed Services before Jan. 1, 1978, detailing the Department's rationale for establishing goals for the percentage of work at defense research installations to be performed by private contractors and for any direction in effect on July 30, 1977 establishing a minimum or maximum percentage for the allocation of work at any defense research installation to be performed by private contractors or directing a change in any such allocation in effect on July 30, 1977.
Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, §816, Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 540, as amended by Pub. L. 98–620, title IV, §402(8), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3357, provided a remedy for discrimination by citizens of nationals of the United States or corporations organized or operating within the United States, and by organizations controlled by them, against the Department of Defense in the supply of petroleum products for two years after Oct. 7, 1975.
Pub. L. 91–441, title V, §507, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 913, which had provided that the identity or location of a recipient of a contract from the Department of Defense may not be revealed prior to the public announcement of such identity by the Secretary of Defense, was repealed and restated in section 2316 of this title by Pub. L. 97–295, §§1(26)(A), 6(b), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1291, 1314.
Pub. L. 90–5, title III, §304, Mar. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 6, which had provided that the Secretary of Defense was directed, insofar as practicable, that all contracts be formally advertised and awarded on a competitive bid basis to the lowest responsible bidder, was repealed and restated in subsec. (a) of this section by Pub. L. 97–295, §§1(24)(A), 6(b), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1290, 1314.
Provisions of the National Emergencies Act not applicable to the powers and authorities conferred by subsec. (a)(1) of this section and actions taken hereunder, see section 1651(a)(5) of Title 50, War and National Defense.