The Director of the United States Geological Survey, which office is established, under the Interior Department, shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. This officer shall have the direction of the United States Geological Survey, and the classification of the public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. The Director and members of the United States Geological Survey shall have no personal or private interests in the lands or mineral wealth of the region under survey, and shall execute no surveys or examinations for private parties or corporations.
The authority of the Secretary of the Interior, exercised through the United States Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior, to examine the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain, is expanded to authorize such examinations outside the national domain where determined by the Secretary to be in the national interest.
(Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 182, 20 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 87–626, §§1, 2, Sept. 5, 1962, 76 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 93–608, §2(6), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1971; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1081(e), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 721.)
Subsec. (a) of this section is from act Mar. 3, 1879. Subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section are sections 1 and 2, respectively, of Pub. L. 87–626.
Provisions of subsec. (a) of this section which limited the salary of the Director of the Geological Survey to $6,000 a year were omitted as obsolete. See section 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
1995—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: "The Secretary of the Interior shall report to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate on January 31 of each year on all actions taken pursuant to subsection (b) of this section during the year ending on the December 31 immediately preceding the reporting date and on the results of such actions."
1975—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–608 substituted requirement of an annual report for requirement of a semiannual report.
Pub. L. 102–285, §10(a), May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171, provided that: "The Geological Survey established by the Act of March 3, 1879 (43 U.S.C. 31(a)), is designated as and shall hereafter [on and after May 18, 1992] be known as the United States Geological Survey."
"United States Geological Survey" substituted for "Geological Survey" in subsecs. (a) and (b) pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, which provided: "That the Geological Survey (43 U.S.C. 31(a)) shall hereafter [on and after Nov. 13, 1991] be designated the United States Geological Survey."
Pub. L. 100–441, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1760, provided: "That this Act may be cited as the 'Continental Scientific Drilling and Exploration Act'.
"The purpose of this Act is to—
"(1) implement section 323 of the joint resolution entitled 'Joint Resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1985, and for other purposes', approved October 12, 1984 (Public Law 98–473; 98 Stat. 1875) [set out below] which supports and encourages the development of a national Continental Scientific Drilling Program;
"(2) enhance fundamental understanding of the composition, structure, dynamics, and evolution of the continental crust, and how such processes affect natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, transfer of geothermal energy, distribution of mineral deposits, the occurrence of fossil fuels, and the nature and extent of aquifers;
"(3) advance basic earth sciences research and technological development;
"(4) obtain critical data regarding the earth's crust relating to isolation of hazardous wastes; and
"(5) develop a long-range plan for implementation of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program.
"Congress finds that—
"(1) because the earth provides energy, minerals, and water, and is used as a storage medium for municipal, chemical, and nuclear waste, an understanding of the processes and structures in the earth's crust is essential to the well being of the United States;
"(2) there is a need for developing long-range plans for a United States Continental Scientific Drilling Program; and
"(3) the Continental Scientific Drilling Program would enhance—
"(A) understanding of the crustal evolution of the earth and the mountain building processes;
"(B) understanding of the mechanisms of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and the development of improved techniques for prediction;
"(C) understanding of the development and utilization of geothermal and other energy sources and the formation of and occurrence of mineral deposits;
"(D) understanding of the migration of fluids in the earth's crust for evaluation of waste contamination and the development of more effective techniques for the safe subsurface disposal of hazardous wastes;
"(E) understanding and definition of the size, source, and more effective use of aquifers and other water resources; and
"(F) evaluation and verification of surface geophysical techniques needed for exploring and monitoring the earth's crust.
"The Secretary of the Department of Energy, the Secretary of the Department of the Interior through the United States Geological Survey, and the Director of the National Science Foundation shall implement the policies of section 323 of the joint resolution entitled 'Joint Resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1985, and for other purposes', approved October 12, 1984 (Public Law 98–473; 98 Stat. 1875) [set out below] by—
"(1) taking such action as necessary to assure an effective, cooperative effort in furtherance of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program of the United States;
"(2) taking all reasonable administrative and financial measures to assure that the Interagency Accord on Continental Scientific Drilling continues to function effectively in support of such program;
"(3) assuring the continuing effective operation of the Interagency Coordinating Group to further the objectives of such program;
"(4) taking such action to assure that the Interagency Coordinating Group receives appropriate cooperation from any Federal agency that can contribute to the objectives of such program, without adversely affecting any program or activity of such agency;
"(5) acting through the Interagency Coordinating Group, preparing and submitting to the Congress, within one hundred and eighty days after the enactment of this Act [Sept. 22, 1988] a report describing—
"(A) long and short-term policy objectives and goals of the United States Continental Scientific Drilling Program;
"(B) projected schedules of desirable scientific and engineering events that would advance United States objectives in the Continental Scientific Drilling Program;
"(C) the levels of resources and funding for fiscal year 1989 that would be required by each participating Federal agency to carry out events pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B);
"(D) the scientific, economic, technological, and social benefits expected to be realized through the implementation of such program at each level described in subparagraph (C);
"(E) a recommended course for interaction with the international community in a cooperative effort to achieve the goals and purposes of this Act;
"(F) the extent of participation or interest shown to date in the Continental Scientific Drilling Program by—
"(i) any other governmental agency;
"(ii) any academic institution;
"(iii) any organization in the private sector; and
"(iv) any governmental or other entity in the international community;
"(G) a plan to develop beneficial cooperative relationships among the entities mentioned in subparagraph (F), to the extent that the Interagency Coordinating Group deems practicable; and
"(H) any other information or recommendations that the Interagency Coordinating Group deems appropriate; and
"(6) submitting to the Congress annually, beginning one year after the submission of a report under paragraph (5), a report describing the levels of resources and funding that would be required by each participating Federal agency for the next fiscal year to carry out events pursuant to paragraph (5)(A) and (B)."
[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under section 4(6) of Pub. L. 100–441, set out above, is listed as the 10th item on page 149), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, and section 1(a)(4) [div. A, §1402(1)] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out as notes under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.]
Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(c) [title III, §323], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1875, provided that: "It is the sense of the Congress that the Continental Scientific Drilling Program is an important national scientific endeavor, benefiting the commerce of the Nation, which should be vigorously pursued by Government and the private sector. The Continental Scientific Drilling Program is an important national scientific endeavor that is vital to the understanding of the geologic evolution of the Earth and the economic value of its resources; the most effective and efficient means of realizing the fullest potential in the Continental Scientific Drilling Program is through a cooperative effort by the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the United States Geological Survey; many important commercial and scientific advances may result from the Continental Scientific Drilling Program; and many foreign nations are engaged in a comparable deep drilling program, and cooperation and coordination would be beneficial to United States efforts. It is the sense of the Congress that—
"(1) the Continental Scientific Drilling Program is an important national scientific endeavor by the United States which should be enthusiastically implemented through a joint cooperative effort among the United States Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the United States Geological Survey;
"(2) the private sector should be encouraged to support the Continental Scientific Drilling Program and the participating agencies should solicit appropriate private sector participation in such program; and
"(3) the United States Government should cooperate to the extent practicable with the international community in developing this important scientific and technical activity."
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) although significant progress has been made in the production of geologic maps since the establishment of the national cooperative geologic mapping program in 1992, no modern, digital, geologic map exists for approximately 75 percent of the United States;
(2) geologic maps are the primary data base for virtually all applied and basic earth-science investigations, including—
(A) exploration for and development of mineral, energy, and water resources;
(B) screening and characterizing sites for toxic and nuclear waste disposal;
(C) land use evaluation and planning for homeland and environmental protection;
(D) earthquake hazards reduction;
(E) identifying volcanic hazards;
(F) design and construction of infrastructure requirements such as utility lifelines, transportation corridors, and surface-water impoundments;
(G) reducing losses from landslides and other ground failures;
(H) mitigating effects of coastal and stream erosion;
(I) siting of critical facilities;
(J) recreation and public awareness; and
(K) basic earth-science research;
(3) Federal agencies, State and local governments, private industry, and the general public depend on the information provided by geologic maps to determine the extent of potential environmental damage before embarking on projects that could lead to preventable, costly environmental problems or litigation;
(4) the combined capabilities of State, Federal, and academic groups to provide geologic mapping are not sufficient to meet the present and future needs of the United States for national security, environmental protection, and energy self-sufficiency of the Nation;
(5) States are willing to contribute 50 percent of the funding necessary to complete the mapping of the geology within the State;
(6) the lack of proper geologic maps has led to the poor design of such structures as dams and waste-disposal facilities;
(7) geologic maps have proven indispensable in the search for needed fossil-fuel and mineral resources;
(8) geologic map information is required for the sustainable and balanced development of natural resources of all types, including energy, minerals, land, water, and biological resources;
(9) advances in digital technology and geographical information system science have made geologic map databases increasingly available as decision support tools for land and resource management; and
(10) a comprehensive nationwide program of geologic mapping of surficial and bedrock deposits is required in order to systematically build the Nation's geologic-map data base at a pace that responds to increasing demand.
The purpose of sections 31a to 31h of this title is to expedite the production of a geologic-map data base for the Nation, to be located within the United States Geological Survey, which can be applied to land-use management, assessment, and utilization, conservation of natural resources, groundwater management, and environmental protection and management.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §2, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 106–148, §2, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, §11001(a), (b), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1414.)
Sections 31a to 31h of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 102–285, known as the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992, which is classified principally to sections 31a to 31h of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.
2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(a)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "during the past 2 decades, the production of geologic maps has been drastically curtailed;".
Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(a)(2)(A), inserted "homeland and" after "planning for".
Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(a)(2)(B), substituted "identifying" for "predicting".
Subsec. (a)(2)(J), (K). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(a)(2)(C)–(E), added subpar. (J) and redesignated former subpar. (J) as (K).
Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(a)(3), substituted "available" for "important".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(b), inserted "and management" before period at end.
1999—Subsec. (a)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 106–148 added pars. (8) and (9) and redesignated former par. (8) as (10) and inserted "of surficial and bedrock deposits" after "geologic mapping".
Pub. L. 106–148, §1, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 31e, 31g and 31h of this title, amending sections 31a to 31d and 31f of this title, and repealing former sections 31e, 31g, and 31h of this title] may be cited as the 'National Geologic Mapping Reauthorization Act of 1999'."
Pub. L. 105–36, §1, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 31b to 31h of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'National Geologic Mapping Reauthorization Act of 1997'."
Pub. L. 102–285, §1, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 166, provided that: "This Act [enacting this section and sections 31b to 31h of this title, amending sections 1457, 1457a, and 1782 of this title, sections 450ii–3, 665, 1133, and 3151 of Title 16, Conservation, section 262k of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, section 1677 of Title 25, Indians, sections 1, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 4c, 4d, 5, 6, 7, 8, 411, 412, 804, 812, 871, 878, 1224, 1229, 1232, 1311, 1315, and 1604 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and sections 5814 and 6505 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 31 of this title and section 1 of Title 30, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1231 of Title 30] may be cited as the 'National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992'."
Pub. L. 105–36, §2, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107, provided that: "Congress finds that—
"(1) in enacting the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992 (43 U.S.C. 31a et seq.), Congress found, among other things, that—
"(A) during the 2 decades preceding enactment of that Act, the production of geologic maps had been drastically curtailed;
"(B) geologic maps are the primary data base for virtually all applied and basic earth-science investigations;
"(C) Federal agencies, State and local governments, private industry, and the general public depend on the information provided by geologic maps to determine the extent of potential environmental damage before embarking on projects that could lead to preventable, costly environmental problems or litigation;
"(D) the lack of proper geologic maps has led to the poor design of such structures as dams and waste-disposal facilities;
"(E) geologic maps have proven indispensable in the search for needed fossil fuel and mineral resources; and
"(F) a comprehensive nationwide program of geologic mapping is required in order to systematically build the Nation's geologic-map data base at a pace that responds to increasing demand;
"(2) the geologic mapping program called for by that Act has not been fully implemented; and
"(3) it is time for this important program to be fully implemented."
In sections 31a to 31h of this title:
The term "advisory committee" means the advisory committee established under section 31d of this title.
The term "Association" means the Association of American State Geologists.
The term "Director" means the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
The term "education component" means the education component of the geologic mapping program described in section 31c(d)(3) of this title.
The term "Federal component" means the Federal component of the geologic mapping program described in section 31c(d)(1) of this title.
The term "geologic mapping program" means the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program established by section 31c(a) of this title.
The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior.
The term "State" includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
The term "State component" means the State component of the geologic mapping program described in section 31c(d)(2) of this title.
The term "Survey" means the United States Geological Survey.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §3, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 105–36, §3(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107; Pub. L. 106–148, §3, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 116–9, title V, §5002(c), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 768.)
Sections 31a to 31h of this title, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 102–285, known as the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992, which is classified principally to sections 31a to 31h of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 31a of this title and Tables.
2019—Par. (4). Pub. L. 116–9, §5002(c)(1), substituted "section 31c(d)(3)" for "section 31e(d)(3)".
Par. (5). Pub. L. 116–9, §5002(c)(2), substituted "section 31c(d)(1)" for "section 31e(d)(1)".
Par. (9). Pub. L. 116–9, §5002(c)(3), substituted "section 31c(d)(2)" for "section 31e(d)(2)".
1999—Pars. (4) to (10). Pub. L. 106–148 added pars. (4), (5), and (9) and redesignated former pars. (4), (5), (6), and (7) as (6), (7), (8), and (10), respectively.
1997—Pub. L. 105–36, §3(a)(1), substituted "In sections 31a to 31h of this title:" for "As used in sections 31a to 31h of this title:" in introductory provisions.
Par. (1). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(a)(5), inserted heading.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(a)(2), (3), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).
Pars. (3) to (5). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(a)(2), (5), redesignated pars. (2) to (4) as (3) to (5), respectively, and inserted headings. Par. (5) redesignated (7).
Par. (6). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(a)(4), added par. (6).
Par. (7). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(a)(2), (5), redesignated par. (5) as (7) and inserted heading.
There is established a national cooperative geologic mapping program between the United States Geological Survey and the State geological surveys, acting through the Association.
The cooperative geologic mapping program shall be—
(A) designed and administered to achieve the objectives set forth in subsection (c);
(B) developed in consultation with the advisory committee; and
(C) administered through the Survey.
The Survey shall be the lead Federal agency responsible for planning, developing national priorities and standards for, coordinating, and managing the geologic mapping program. In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary, acting through the Director, shall—
(A) develop a 5-year strategic plan for the geologic mapping program in accordance with section 31e of this title, which plan shall be submitted to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate not later than 1 year after March 12, 2019;
(B) appoint, with the advice and consultation of the Association, the advisory committee not later than 1 year after March 12, 2019, in accordance with section 31d of this title; and
(C) submit biennially a report to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate and to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives identifying—
(i) how the Survey and the Association are coordinating the development and implementation of the geologic mapping program;
(ii) how the Survey and the Association establish goals, mapping priorities, and target dates for implementation of the geologic mapping program; and
(iii) how long-term staffing plans for the various components of the geologic mapping program affect successful implementation of the geologic mapping program.
In addition to paragraph (1), the Secretary, acting through the Director, shall be responsible for developing, as soon as practicable—
(A) in cooperation with the Association, other Federal and State agencies, public and private sector organizations and academia, the geologic-map data base; and
(B) maps and mapping techniques which achieve the objectives specified in subsection (c).
The objectives of the geologic mapping program shall include—
(1) determining the Nation's geologic framework through systematic development of geologic maps at scales appropriate to the geologic setting and the perceived applications, such maps to be contributed to the national geologic map data base;
(2) development of a complementary national geochronologic and paleontologic data base that provides value-added descriptive and interpretative information to the geologic-map data base;
(3) application of cost-effective mapping techniques that assemble, produce, translate and disseminate geologic-map information and that render such information of greater application and benefit to the public; and
(4) development of public awareness of the role and application of geologic-map information to the resolution of national issues of land use management.
The geologic mapping program shall include a Federal geologic mapping component, the objective of which shall be to determine the geologic framework of areas determined to be vital to the economic, social, environmental, or scientific welfare of the United States.
For the Federal component, mapping priorities—
(i) shall be described in the 5-year plan under section 31e of this title; and
(ii) shall be based on—
(I) national requirements for geologic map information in areas of multiple-issue need or areas of compelling single-issue need;
(II) national requirements for geologic map information in areas where mapping is required to solve critical earth science problems; and
(III) the needs of land management agencies of the Department of the Interior.
The Federal component shall include interdisciplinary studies that add value to geologic mapping.
Interdisciplinary studies under clause (i) may include—
(I) establishment of a national geologic map database under section 31f of this title;
(II) studies that lead to the implementation of cost-effective digital methods for the acquisition, compilation, analysis, cartographic production, and dissemination of geologic map information;
(III) paleontologic, geochrono-logic, and isotopic investigations that provide information critical to understanding the age and history of geologic map units;
(IV) geophysical investigations that assist in delineating and mapping the physical characteristics and 3-dimensional distribution of geologic materials and geologic structures; and
(V) geochemical investigations and analytical operations that characterize the composition of geologic map units.
The results of investigations under clause (ii) shall be contributed to national databases.
The geologic mapping program shall include a State geologic mapping component, the objective of which shall be to establish the geologic framework of areas determined to be vital to the economic, social, environmental, or scientific welfare of individual States.
For the State component, mapping priorities—
(i) shall be determined by State panels representing a broad range of users of geologic maps; and
(ii) shall be based on—
(I) State requirements for geologic map information in areas of multiple-issue need or areas of compelling single-issue need; and
(II) State requirements for geologic map information in areas where mapping is required to solve critical earth science problems.
A national panel including representatives of the Survey shall integrate the State mapping priorities under this paragraph with the Federal mapping priorities under paragraph (1).
The Survey and recipients of grants under the State component shall not use more than 15.25 percent of the Federal funds made available under the State component for any fiscal year to pay indirect, servicing, or program management charges.
The Federal share of the cost of activities under the State component for any fiscal year shall not exceed 50 percent.
The geologic mapping program shall include a geologic mapping education component for the training of geologic mappers, the objectives of which shall be—
(i) to provide for broad education in geologic mapping and field analysis through support of field studies; and
(ii) to develop academic programs that teach students of earth science the fundamental principles of geologic mapping and field analysis.
The education component may include the conduct of investigations, which—
(i) shall be integrated with the Federal component and the State component; and
(ii) shall respond to mapping priorities identified for the Federal component and the State component.
The Survey and recipients of grants under the education component shall not use more than 15.25 percent of the Federal funds made available under the education component for any fiscal year to pay indirect, servicing, or program management charges.
The Federal share of the cost of activities under the education component for any fiscal year shall not exceed 50 percent.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §4, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 103–437, §16(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4594; Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 106–148, §4, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1720; Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, §11001(c)–(e), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1414, 1415; Pub. L. 116–9, title V, §5002(a)(2), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 768.)
2019—Subsec. (b)(1)(A), (B). Pub. L. 116–9 substituted "March 12, 2019" for "March 30, 2009".
2009—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(c)(1), substituted "not later than 1 year after March 30, 2009;" for "not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999;".
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(c)(2), substituted "not later than 1 year after March 30, 2009, in accordance" for "not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999, in accordance".
Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(c)(3), substituted "submit biennially" for "not later than 3 years after December 9, 1999, and biennially thereafter, submit" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(d), struck out "geophysical-map data base, geochemical-map data base, and a" after "national" and substituted "provides" for "provide".
Subsec. (d)(1)(B)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(e), added subcl. (III).
1999—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(1)(A), substituted "national priorities and standards for" for "priorities" in first sentence.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(1)(B), substituted "develop a 5-year strategic plan for the geologic mapping program" for "develop a geologic mapping program implementation plan" and "not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999" for "within 300 days after August 5, 1997".
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(1)(C), substituted "not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999," for "within 90 days after August 5, 1997,".
Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(1)(D)(i), substituted "not later than 3 years after December 9, 1999, and biennially thereafter" for "within 210 days after August 5, 1997" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(1)(D)(ii), substituted "are coordinating" for "will coordinate".
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(1)(D)(iii), substituted "establish" for "will establish".
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(1)(D)(iv), substituted "affect" for "will lead to".
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–148, §4(2), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which set out the Federal, support, State, and education components of the geological mapping program.
1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: "There is established in the United States Geological Survey a National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. The geologic mapping program shall be developed in consultation with the advisory committee and shall be designed and administered to achieve the objectives set forth in subsection (c) of this section."
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(A), (D), substituted "the Survey" for "USGS" in heading and realigned text margins.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(B)(i), (ii), inserted heading and realigned margins.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(B)(iii), substituted "Committee on Resources" for "Committee on Natural Resources" and "August 5, 1997" for "May 18, 1992".
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(B)(iv), substituted "Association" for "State geological surveys" and "August 5, 1997" for "May 18, 1992".
Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(B)(v)(I), (II), in introductory provisions, substituted "August 5, 1997" for "May 18, 1992" and "Committee on Resources" for "Committee on Natural Resources".
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(B)(v)(III), inserted "and the Association" after "the Survey".
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(B)(v)(III), (IV), inserted "and the Association" after "the Survey" and "and" after semicolon at end.
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(B)(v)(V), substituted period for "; and" at end of cl. (iii) and struck out cl. (iv) which read as follows: "the degree to which geologic mapping activities traditionally funded by the Survey, including the use of commercially available aerial photography, geodesy, professional land surveying, photogrammetric mapping, cartography, photographic processing, and related services, can be contracted to professional private mapping firms."
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(C)(i), inserted heading.
Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(2)(C)(ii), substituted "Association" for "State geological surveys".
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(3)(A), substituted "interpretative information" for "interpretive information".
Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(3)(B), substituted "public awareness of" for "public awareness for".
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(4)(A), inserted heading.
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(4)(B)(i), inserted heading.
Subsec. (d)(2)(D). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(4)(B)(ii), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "geochronologic and isotopic investigations that (i) provide radiometric age dates for geologic-map units and (ii) fingerprint the geothermometry, geobarometry, and alteration history of geologic-map units, which investigations shall be contributed to a national geochronologic data base;".
Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(4)(C), inserted heading.
Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(b)(4)(D), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "A geologic mapping education component, whose objective shall be—
"(A) to develop the academic programs that teach earth-science students the fundamental principles of geologic mapping and field analysis; and
"(B) to provide for broad education in geologic mapping and field analysis through support of field teaching institutes.
Investigations conducted under the geologic mapping education component shall be integrated with the other mapping components of the geologic mapping program, and shall respond to priorities identified for those components."
1994—Subsec. (b)(1)(A), (C). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted "Natural Resources" for "Interior and Insular Affairs" before "of the House".
Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
There shall be established a 11-member geologic mapping advisory committee to advise the Director on planning and implementation of the geologic mapping program.
Federal agency members shall include the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or a designee, the Secretary of the Interior or a designee from a land management agency of the Department of the Interior, the Secretary of Energy or a designee, and the Secretary of Agriculture or a designee.
In consultation with the Association, the Secretary shall appoint to the advisory committee two representatives from the Survey (including the Associate Director for Core Science Systems, as Chair), two representatives from the State geological surveys, one representative from academia, and 2 representatives from the private sector.
The advisory committee shall—
(1) review and update the 5-year plan prepared by the Director pursuant to section 31e of this title;
(2) review the scientific progress of the geologic mapping program;
(3) provide a scientific overview of geologic maps (including maps of geologic-based hazards) used or disseminated by Federal agencies for regulation or land-use planning; and
(4) submit an annual report to the Secretary that evaluates the progress of the Federal, State, and university mapping activities and evaluates the progress made toward fulfilling the purposes of sections 31c through 31f of this title.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §5, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 169; Pub. L. 105–36, §3(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110; Pub. L. 106–148, §5, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722; Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, §11001(f), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1415; Pub. L. 116–9, title V, §5002(b), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 768.)
2019—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 116–9 substituted "Associate Director for Core Science Systems" for "Associate Director for Geology".
2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(f)(3), substituted "11-member" for "10-member".
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(f)(1)(A), inserted "the Secretary of the Interior or a designee from a land management agency of the Department of the Interior," after "Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or a designee,", inserted "and" after "Energy or a designee,", and struck out ", and the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology or a designee" before period at end.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(f)(1)(B), substituted "In consultation" for "Not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999, in consultation", "Associate Director for Geology, as Chair" for "Chief Geologist, as Chairman", and "2 representatives from the private sector" for "one representative from the private sector".
Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(f)(2), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).
1999—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–148, §5(1), substituted "1 year after December 9, 1999," for "90 days after August 5, 1997,".
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–148, §5(2)(A), substituted "update the 5-year plan" for "critique the draft implementation plan".
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 106–148, §5(2)(B), substituted "sections 31c through 31f of this title" for "sections 31a to 31h of this title".
1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(c)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: "There shall be established a sixteen member geologic mapping advisory committee to advise the Director on planning and implementation of the geologic mapping program. The President shall appoint one representative each from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Within 90 days and with the advice and consultation of the State Geological Surveys, the Secretary shall appoint to the advisory committee 2 representatives from the Survey (including the Chief Geologist, as Chairman), 4 representatives from the State geological surveys, 3 representatives from academia, and 3 representatives from the private sector."
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–36, §3(c)(2), substituted "Federal, State, and university mapping activities" for "Federal and State mapping activities".
Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law, see section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall, with the advice and review of the advisory committee, prepare a 5-year plan for the geologic mapping program.
The 5-year plan shall identify—
(1) overall priorities for the geologic mapping program; and
(2) implementation of the overall management structure and operation of the geologic mapping program, including—
(A) the role of the Survey in the capacity of overall management lead, including the responsibility for developing the national geologic mapping program that meets Federal needs while fostering State needs;
(B) the responsibilities of the State geological surveys, with emphasis on mechanisms that incorporate the needs, missions, capabilities, and requirements of the State geological surveys, into the nationwide geologic mapping program;
(C) mechanisms for identifying short- and long-term priorities for each component of the geologic mapping program, including—
(i) for the Federal component, a priority-setting mechanism that responds to—
(I) Federal mission requirements for geologic map information;
(II) critical scientific problems that require geologic maps for their resolution; and
(III) shared Federal and State needs for geologic maps, in which joint Federal-State geologic mapping projects are in the national interest;
(ii) for the State component, a priority-setting mechanism that responds to—
(I) specific intrastate needs for geologic map information; and
(II) interstate needs shared by adjacent States that have common requirements; and
(iii) for the education component, a priority-setting mechanism that responds to requirements for geologic map information that are dictated by Federal and State mission requirements;
(D) a mechanism for adopting scientific and technical mapping standards for preparing and publishing general- and special-purpose geologic maps to—
(i) ensure uniformity of cartographic and scientific conventions; and
(ii) provide a basis for assessing the comparability and quality of map products; and
(E) a mechanism for monitoring the inventory of published and current mapping investigations nationwide to facilitate planning and information exchange and to avoid redundancy.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §6, as added Pub. L. 106–148, §6, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722.)
A prior section 31e, Pub. L. 102–285, §6, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 105–36, §3(d), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110, provided for the preparation of a geologic mapping program implementation plan, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–148, §6, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722.
The Survey shall establish a national geologic-map database.
The database shall serve as a national catalog and archive, distributed through links to Federal and State geologic map holdings, that includes—
(A) all maps developed with funding provided by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, including under the Federal, State, and education components;
(B) the databases developed in connection with investigations under subclauses (III), (IV), and (V) of section 31c(d)(1)(C)(ii) of this title; and
(C) other maps and data that the Survey and the Association consider appropriate.
Geologic maps contributed to the national archives shall have format, symbols, and technical attributes that adhere to standards so that archival information can be accessed, exchanged, and compared efficiently and accurately, as required by Executive Order 12906 (59 Fed. Reg. 17,671 (1994)), which established the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
Entities that contribute geologic maps to the national archives shall develop the standards described in paragraph (1) in cooperation with the Federal Geographic Data Committee, which is charged with standards development and other data coordination activities as described in Office of Management and Budget revised Circular A–16.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §7, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 105–36, §3(e), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110; Pub. L. 106–148, §7, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1723; Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, §11001(g), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1415.)
Executive Order 12906, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is set out as a note under section 1457 of this title.
2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(g)(1), substituted "geologic-map" for "geologic map".
Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(g)(2), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "all maps developed under the Federal component and the education component;".
1999—Pub. L. 106–148 substituted "geologic map database" for "geologic-map data base" in section catchline, added subsec. (a), and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: "The Survey shall establish a national geologic-map data base. Such data base shall be a national archive that includes all maps developed pursuant to sections 31a to 31h of this title, the data bases developed pursuant to the investigations under sections 31c(d)(2)(C), (D), (E), and (F) of this title, and other maps and data as the Survey deems appropriate."
1997—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–36 added subsec. (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: "Geologic maps contributed to the national archives should have standardized format, symbols, and technical attributes so that archival information can be assimilated, manipulated, accessed, exchanged, and compared efficiently and accurately."
Not later than 3 years after March 30, 2009, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report that—
(1) describes the status of the national geologic mapping program;
(2) describes and evaluates the progress achieved during the preceding 2 years in developing the national geologic map database; and
(3) includes any recommendations that the Secretary may have for legislative or other action to achieve the purposes of sections 31c through 31f of this title.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §8, as added Pub. L. 106–148, §8, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724; amended Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, §11001(h), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1415.)
A prior section 31g, Pub. L. 102–285, §8, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 103–437, §16(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4594; Pub. L. 105–36, §3(f), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1111; Pub. L. 105–362, title IX, §902(b), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3291, directed the Secretary to submit a biennial report to Congress describing the status of the nationwide geologic mapping program and evaluating the progress achieved during the preceding fiscal year in developing the national geologic-map data base, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–148, §8, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724.
2009—Pub. L. 111–11 substituted "Not later than 3 years after March 30, 2009, and biennially" for "Not later 3 years after December 9, 1999, and biennially".
Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out sections 31a to 31h of this title $64,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2023.
Of any amounts appropriated for any fiscal year in excess of the amount appropriated for fiscal year 2005—
(1) 50 percent shall be available for the State component; and
(2) 4 percent shall be available for the education component.
(Pub. L. 102–285, §9, as added Pub. L. 106–148, §9, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724; amended Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, §11001(i), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1416; Pub. L. 116–9, title V, §5002(a)(1), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 768.)
Sections 31a to 31h of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 102–285, known as the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992, which is classified principally to sections 31a to 31h of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 31a of this title and Tables.
A prior section 31h, Pub. L. 102–285, §9, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 105–36, §3(g), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1111, authorized appropriations for the national cooperative geologic mapping program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–148, §9, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724.
2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–9 substituted "2023" for "2018".
2009—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(i)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which appropriated funds to carry out sections 31a to 31h of this title for fiscal years 1999 to 2005.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(i)(2)(A), substituted "2005" for "2000" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(i)(2)(B), substituted "50" for "48".
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–11, §11001(i)(2)(C), which directed amendment of par. (2) "by striking 2 and inserting '4' ", was executed by substituting "4" for "2", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Once every five years the National Academy of Sciences shall review and report on the resource research activities of the Survey.
(Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(c) [title I], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–156, 1321–165; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Beginning in fiscal year 1998 and once every five years thereafter, the National Academy of Sciences shall review and report on the biological research activity of the Survey.
(Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(d) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–189.)
In this section:
The term "Secretary" means the Secretary, acting through the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
The term "System" means the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System established under subsection (b)(1)(A).
The Secretary shall establish within the United States Geological Survey a system, to be known as the "National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System", to monitor, warn, and protect citizens of the United States from undue and avoidable harm from volcanic activity.
The purposes of the System are—
(i) to organize, modernize, standardize, and stabilize the monitoring systems of the volcano observatories in the United States, which includes the Alaska Volcano Observatory, California Volcano Observatory, Cascades Volcano Observatory, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, and Yellowstone Volcano Observatory; and
(ii) to unify the monitoring systems of volcano observatories in the United States into a single interoperative system.
The objective of the System is to monitor all the volcanoes in the United States at a level commensurate with the threat posed by the volcanoes by—
(i) upgrading existing networks on monitored volcanoes;
(ii) installing new networks on unmonitored volcanoes; and
(iii) employing geodetic and other components when applicable.
The System shall include—
(i) a national volcano watch office that is operational 24 hours a day and 7 days a week;
(ii) a national volcano data center; and
(iii) an external grants program to support research in volcano monitoring science and technology.
Modernization activities under the System shall include the comprehensive application of emerging technologies, including digital broadband seismometers, real-time continuous Global Positioning System receivers, satellite and airborne radar interferometry, acoustic pressure sensors, and spectrometry to measure gas emissions.
Not later than 180 days after March 12, 2019, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a 5-year management plan for establishing and operating the System.
The management plan submitted under clause (i) shall include—
(I) annual cost estimates for modernization activities and operation of the System;
(II) annual milestones, standards, and performance goals; and
(III) recommendations for, and progress towards, establishing new, or enhancing existing, partnerships to leverage resources.
The Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to assist the Secretary in implementing the System, to be comprised of representatives of relevant agencies and members of the scientific community, to be appointed by the Secretary.
The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with institutions of higher education and State agencies designating the institutions of higher education and State agencies as volcano observatory partners for the System.
The Secretary shall coordinate the activities under this section with the heads of relevant Federal agencies, including—
(i) the Secretary of Transportation;
(ii) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration;
(iii) the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
(iv) the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Annually, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes the activities carried out under this section.
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $55,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.
Amounts made available under this subsection shall supplement, and not supplant, Federal funds made available for other United States Geological Survey hazards activities and programs.
(Pub. L. 116–9, title V, §5001, Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 766.)
Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior, see section 2 of Pub. L. 116–9, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
The Secretary of the Interior may authorize one of the geologists to act as Director of the United States Geological Survey in the absence of that officer.
(July 31, 1894, ch. 174, §1, 28 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
Section, act June 16, 1880, ch. 235, 21 Stat. 274, authorized Secretary of War to detail officers of Ordnance Corps to serve with Geological Survey.
The scientific employees of the United States Geological Survey shall be selected by the Director, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior exclusively for their qualifications as professional experts.
(July 7, 1884, ch. 332, 23 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
Section, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, §1, 34 Stat. 727, authorized scientific and other employees of the United States Geological Survey employed in the field to make assignments of pay, and that they be reimbursed for expenses incurred in the discharge of duty in the field and paid from personal funds. See section 5525 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
The purchase of professional and scientific books and periodicals needed for statistical purposes by the scientific divisions of the United States Geological Survey is authorized to be made and paid for out of appropriations made for the said Survey.
(June 28, 1902, ch. 1301, §1, 32 Stat. 455.)
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
The Director of the United States Geological Survey, under the general supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, is authorized to acquire for the United States, by gift or devise, scientific or technical books, manuscripts, maps, and related materials, and to deposit the same in the library of the United States Geological Survey for reference and use as authorized by law.
(May 14, 1940, ch. 190, 54 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
The Secretary of the Interior may, on behalf of the United States and for use by the United States Geological Survey in gaging streams and underground water resources, acquire lands by donation or when funds have been appropriated by Congress by purchase or condemnation, but not in excess of ten acres for any one stream gaging station or observation well site. For the same purpose the Secretary of the Interior may obtain easements, licenses, rights-of-way, and leases limited to run for such a period of time or term of years as may be required for the effective performance of the function of gaging streams and underground water resources: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting or intended to affect or in any way to interfere with the laws of any State or Territory relating to the control, appropriation, use, or distribution of water used in irrigation, or any vested right acquired thereunder, and the Secretary of the Interior, in carrying out the provisions of this section, shall proceed in conformity with such laws, and nothing in this section shall in any way affect any right of any State or of the Federal Government or of any landowner, appropriator, or user of water, in, to, or from any interstate stream or the waters thereof.
(Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 822, 56 Stat. 1086; Pub. L. 86–406, Apr. 4, 1960, 74 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
1960—Pub. L. 86–406 authorized Secretary of the Interior to acquire lands and interests in lands for observation well sites to gage underground water resources.
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
In fiscal year 1987 and thereafter the United States Geological Survey is authorized to accept lands, buildings, equipment, and other contributions from public and private sources and to prosecute projects in cooperation with other agencies, Federal, State, or private.
(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–252, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–252; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977 (31 U.S.C. 6301–6308), the United States Geological Survey is authorized to continue existing, and on and after November 10, 2003, to enter into new cooperative agreements directed towards a particular cooperator, in support of joint research and data collection activities with Federal, State, and academic partners funded by appropriations herein, including those that provide for space in cooperator facilities.
(Pub. L. 108–108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1254.)
The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–224, Feb. 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 3, which was classified generally to chapter 8 (§501 et seq.) of former Title 41, Public Contracts, and was repealed and reenacted as chapter 63 (§6301 et seq.) of Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97–258, §§1, 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877, 1068.
Appropriations herein, referred to in text, probably means appropriations under the headings "
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following appropriation act:
Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 228.
Section, act June 12, 1917, ch. 27, 40 Stat. 144, related to purchases or services for the Geological Survey, was omitted as superseded.
In making topographic surveys west of the ninety-fifth meridian elevations above a base level located in each area under survey shall be determined and marked on the ground by iron or stone posts or permanent bench marks, at least two such posts or bench marks to be established in each township, or equivalent area, except in the forest-clad and mountain areas, where at least one shall be established, and these shall be placed, whenever practicable, near the township corners of the public-land surveys; and in the areas east of the ninety-fifth meridian at least one such post or bench mark shall be similarly established in each area equivalent to the area of a township of the public land surveys.
(June 11, 1896, ch. 420, 29 Stat. 435.)
Section 39, act Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 360, §1, 43 Stat. 1011, authorized the President to complete a general utility topographical survey of the territory of the United States within a period of twenty years from Feb. 27, 1925.
Section 40, act Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 360, §2, 43 Stat. 1011, related to cooperative agreements with States to expedite completion of topographical survey.
Except as otherwise provided in section 1318 of title 44, the publications of the United States Geological Survey shall consist of geological and economic maps, illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon general and economic geology and paleontology. All special memoirs and reports of said survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the director, but otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall be published for scientific exchanges and for sale at the price of publication, and all literary and cartographic materials received in exchange shall be the property of the United States and form a part of the library of the organization; and the money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior.
(Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 182, 20 Stat. 394; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, §1(10), 60 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
"Section 1318 of title 44" substituted in text for "section 260 of title 44" on authority of Pub. L. 90–620, §2(b), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1238, the first section of which enacted Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
The words "Except as otherwise provided in section 260 of title 44" were originally inserted in text to avoid conflict with the provisions of such section 260 of title 44, as set out prior to the general revision of title 44 by Pub. L. 90–620, derived from Joint Res. May 16, 1902, No. 22.
1946—Act Aug. 7, 1946, repealed all provisions requiring preparation, and transmission by Secretary of the Interior, of an annual report of operations.
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
The Director of the United States Geological Survey is authorized and directed, on the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, to dispose of the topographic and geologic maps and atlases of the United States, made and published by the United States Geological Survey, at such prices and under such regulations as may from time to time be fixed by him and approved by the Secretary of the Interior; and a number of copies of each map or atlas, not exceeding five hundred, shall be distributed gratuitously among foreign governments and departments of our own Government to literary and scientific associations, and to such educational institutions or libraries as may be designated by the Director of the Survey and approved by the Secretary of the Interior. On and after June 7, 1924, the distribution of geological publications to libraries designated as special depositaries of such publications shall be discontinued.
(Feb. 18, 1897, No. 13, §1, 29 Stat. 701; June 7, 1924, ch. 303, 43 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
The first sentence is from Joint Res. Feb. 18, 1897; the second sentence is from act June 7, 1924.
Joint Res. Feb. 18, 1897 superseded a provision contained in act June 11, 1896, ch. 420, 29 Stat. 436, authorizing the sale of topographical maps with text at cost and ten per centum added.
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
In fiscal year 1984 and thereafter, all receipts from the sale of maps sold or stored by the United States Geological Survey shall be available for map printing and distribution to supplement funds otherwise available, to remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 98–146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 926; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
One copy of each map and atlas shall be sent to each Senator and each Representative and Delegate in Congress, if published within his term; and a second copy shall be placed at the disposal of each such Senator, Representative and Delegate
(Feb. 18, 1897, No. 13, §2, 29 Stat. 701.)
The Director of the United States Geological Survey shall, if the regular map work of the Survey is in no wise interfered with thereby, furnish to any person, concern, institution, State or foreign government, that shall pay in advance the whole cost thereof with 10 per centum added, transfers or copies of any cartographic or other engraved or lithographic data in the division of engraving and printing of the Survey, and the moneys received by the Director for such transfers or copies shall be deposited in the Treasury.
(June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, 34 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
The Director of the United States Geological Survey on and after March 4, 1909 may produce and sell on a reimbursable basis to interested persons, concerns, and institutions, copies of aerial or other photographs and mosaics that have been obtained in connection with the authorized work of the United States Geological Survey and photographic or photostatic reproductions of records in the official custody of the Director at such prices (not less than the estimated cost of furnishing such copies or reproductions) as the Director, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, may determine, the money received from such sales to be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation then current and chargeable for the cost of furnishing copies or reproductions as herein authorized.
(Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 299, 35 Stat. 989; July 21, 1947, ch. 273, 61 Stat. 398.)
1947—Act July 21, 1947, authorized production and sale of aerial or other photographs and reproductions of records on a reimbursement of appropriations basis.
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
Section, act Oct. 12, 1949, ch. 680, title I, 63 Stat. 785, related to exchange of old freight carrying vehicles as part payment for new, was from the Interior Department Appropriation Act, 1950, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
June 29, 1948, ch. 754, 62 Stat. 1133.
July 25, 1947, ch. 337, 61 Stat. 477.
July 1, 1946, ch. 529, 60 Stat. 369.
July 3, 1945, ch. 262, 59 Stat. 343.
June 28, 1944, ch. 298, 58 Stat. 491.
July 12, 1943, ch. 219, 57 Stat. 477.
July 2, 1942, ch. 473, 56 Stat. 537.
June 28, 1941, ch. 259, 55 Stat. 339.
June 18, 1940, ch. 395, 54 Stat. 439.
May 10, 1939, ch. 119, 53 Stat. 719.
May 9, 1938, ch. 187, 52 Stat. 325.
Aug. 9, 1937, ch. 570, 50 Stat. 598.
June 22, 1936, ch. 691, 49 Stat. 1785.
May 9, 1935, ch. 101, 49 Stat. 200.
Mar. 2, 1934, ch. 38, 48 Stat. 382.
Feb. 17, 1933, ch. 98, 47 Stat. 846.
Apr. 22, 1932, ch. 125, 47 Stat. 118.
Feb. 14, 1931, ch. 187, 46 Stat. 1147.
May 14, 1930, ch. 273, 46 Stat. 310.
Mar. 4, 1929, ch. 705, 45 Stat. 1594.
Mar. 7, 1928, ch. 137, 45 Stat. 231.
Jan. 12, 1927, ch. 27, 44 Stat. 961.
May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 486.
Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 462, 43 Stat. 1172.
June 5, 1924, ch. 264, 43 Stat. 419.
Jan. 24, 1923, ch. 42, 42 Stat. 1208.
May 24, 1922, ch. 199, 42 Stat. 586.
Section, act May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 487, required annual statements and reports of expenditures for the benefit of Indians relating to the operation of oil and gas leases, and the mining of other minerals, on Indian lands.
Section, act Jan. 12, 1927, ch. 27, 44 Stat. 963, required amounts received by the Geological Survey from any State, Territory or political subdivision thereof in carrying on work involving cooperation to be used in reimbursing the appropriation from which the expense of such work was paid, was from the act making appropriations for the Department of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928 and for other purposes, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following act: May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 487.
The provisions of law authorizing the making of topographic and geological surveys and conducting investigations relating to mineral and water resources by the United States Geological Survey in various portions of the United States be, and the same are, extended to authorize such surveys and investigations in Puerto Rico.
(June 17, 1935, ch. 268, 49 Stat. 386.)
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
The share of the United States Geological Survey in any topographic mapping or water resources data collection and investigations carried on in cooperation with any State or municipality shall not exceed 50 per centum of the cost thereof.
(Pub. L. 116–260, div. G, title I, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1486.)
Section text is based on act July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, §1, 67 Stat. 269, as continued and modified for the fiscal year covered by the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section.
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 116–94, div. D, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2695.
Pub. L. 116–6, div. E, title I, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 214.
Pub. L. 115–141, div. G, title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 643.
Pub. L. 115–31, div. G, title I, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 444.
Pub. L. 114–113, div. G, title I, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2534.
Pub. L. 113–235, div. F, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2404.
Pub. L. 113–76, div. G, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 296.
Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title I, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 993.
Pub. L. 111–88, div. A, title I, Oct. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 2913.
Pub. L. 111–8, div. E, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 710.
Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2108.
Pub. L. 109–54, title I, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 510.
Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3052.
Pub. L. 108–108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1254.
Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 228.
Pub. L. 107–63, title I, Nov. 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 427.
Pub. L. 106–291, title I, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 931.
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–145.
Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–242.
Pub. L. 105–83, title I, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1552.
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(d) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–190.
Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(c) [title I], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–156, 1321–165; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.
Pub. L. 103–332, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2507.
Pub. L. 103–138, title I, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1387.
Pub. L. 102–381, title I, Oct. 5, 1992, 106 Stat. 1384.
Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.
Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924.
Pub. L. 101–121, title I, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 710.
Pub. L. 100–446, title I, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1790.
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–224.
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–252, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–252.
Pub. L. 99–190, §101(d) [title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1231.
Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(c) [title I], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1845.
Pub. L. 98–146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 926.
Pub. L. 97–394, title I, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1972.
Pub. L. 97–100, title I, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1397.
Pub. L. 96–514, title I, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2963.
Pub. L. 96–126, title I, Nov. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 961.
Pub. L. 95–465, title I, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1285.
Pub. L. 95–74, title I, July 26, 1977, 91 Stat. 290.
Pub. L. 94–373, title I, July 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 1048.
Pub. L. 94–165, title I, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 983.
Pub. L. 93–404, title I, Aug. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 808.
Pub. L. 93–120, title I, Oct. 4, 1973, 87 Stat. 434.
Pub. L. 92–369, title I, Aug. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 513.
Pub. L. 92–76, title I, Aug. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 234.
Pub. L. 91–361, title I, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 674.
Pub. L. 91–98, title I, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 152.
Pub. L. 90–425, title I, July 26, 1968, 82 Stat. 431.
Pub. L. 90–28, title I, June 24, 1967, 81 Stat. 64.
Pub. L. 89–435, title I, May 31, 1966, 80 Stat. 175.
Pub. L. 89–52, title I, June 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 181.
Pub. L. 88–356, title I, July 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 280.
Pub. L. 88–79, title I, July 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 103.
Pub. L. 87–578, title I, Aug. 9, 1962, 76 Stat. 341.
Pub. L. 87–122, title I, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 252.
Pub. L. 86–455, title I, May 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 108.
Pub. L. 86–60, title I, June 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 96.
Pub. L. 85–439, title I, June 4, 1958, 72 Stat. 159.
Pub. L. 85–77, title I, July 1, 1957, 71 Stat. 261.
June 13, 1956, ch. 380, title I, 70 Stat. 261.
June 16, 1955, ch. 147, title I, 69 Stat. 145.
July 1, 1954, ch. 446, title I, 68 Stat. 368.
July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 67 Stat. 269.
July 9, 1952, ch. 597, title I, 66 Stat. 454.
Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 375, title I, 65 Stat. 259.
Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. VII, title I, 64 Stat. 690.
Beginning October 1, 1990, and thereafter, funds received from any State, territory, possession, country, international organization, or political subdivision thereof, for topographic, geologic, or water resources mapping or investigations involving cooperation with such an entity shall be considered as intragovernmental funds as defined in the publication titled "A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process".
(Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924.)
There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a working capital fund to assist in the management of certain support activities of the United States Geological Survey (hereafter referred to as the "Survey"), Department of the Interior. The fund shall be available on and after November 5, 1990, without fiscal year limitation for expenses necessary for furnishing materials, supplies, equipment, work, facilities, and services in support of Survey programs, and, as authorized by law, to agencies of the Federal Government and others. Such expenses may include laboratory modernization and equipment replacement, computer operations, maintenance, and telecommunications services; requirements definition, systems analysis, and design services; acquisition or development of software; systems support services such as implementation assistance, training, and maintenance; acquisition and replacement of computer, publications, scientific instrumentation, telecommunications, and related automatic data processing equipment; and, such other activities as may be approved by the Secretary of the Interior.
There are authorized to be transferred to the fund, at fair and reasonable values at the time of transfer, inventories, equipment, receivables, and other assets, less liabilities, related to the functions to be financed by the fund as determined by the Secretary of the Interior: Provided, That the fund shall be credited with appropriations and other funds of the Survey, and other agencies of the Department of the Interior, other Federal agencies, and other sources, for providing materials, supplies, equipment, work, and services as authorized by law and such payments may be made in advance or upon performance: Provided further, That charges to users will be at rates approximately equal to the costs of furnishing the materials, supplies, equipment, facilities, and services, including such items as depreciation of equipment and facilities, and accrued annual leave: Provided further, That all existing balances as of November 5, 1990, from amortization fees resulting from the Survey providing telecommunications services and deposited in a special fund established on the books of the Treasury and available for payment of replacement or expansion of telecommunications services as authorized by Public Law 99–190, are hereby transferred to and merged with the working capital fund, to be used for the same purposes as originally authorized: Provided further, That funds that are not necessary to carry out the activities to be financed by the fund, as determined by the Secretary, shall be covered into miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury.
(Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 103–332, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2507.)
Provisions relating to the special fund authorized by Public Law 99–190, referred to in text, were formerly classified to this section. See Prior Provisions note below.
A prior section 50a, Pub. L. 99–190, §101(d) [title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1231, related to deposit of amortization fees from Geological Survey providing telecommunications services.
1994—Pub. L. 103–332 in first par., in second sentence after "work," inserted "facilities,", in third sentence after "include" inserted "laboratory modernization and equipment replacement,", after "operations" inserted ", maintenance,", and after "replacement of computer," inserted "publications, scientific instrumentation," and in second par., in second proviso after "depreciation of equipment" inserted "and facilities,".
"United States Geological Survey" substituted for "Geological Survey" in first paragraph pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
Before, on, and after October 18, 1986, in carrying out work involving cooperation with any State, Territory, possession, or political subdivision thereof, the United States Geological Survey may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, record obligations against accounts receivable from any such entities and shall credit amounts received from such entities to this appropriation.
(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–252, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–252; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
This appropriation, referred to in text, probably means appropriations under the headings "
Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
In text, "Before, on, and after October 18, 1986" substituted for "heretofore and hereafter".
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
Appropriations herein and on and after December 22, 1987, made shall be available for paying costs incidental to the utilization of services contributed by individuals who serve without compensation as volunteers in aid of work of the United States Geological Survey, and that within appropriations herein and on and after December 22, 1987, provided, United States Geological Survey officials may authorize either direct procurement of or reimbursement for expenses incidental to the effective use of volunteers such as, but not limited to, training, transportation, lodging, subsistence, equipment, and supplies: Provided further, That provision for such expenses or services is in accord with volunteer or cooperative agreements made with such individuals, private organizations, educational institutions, or State or local government.
(Pub. L. 100–202, §101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–224; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
Appropriations herein, referred to in text, probably means appropriations under the headings "
"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
The United States Geological Survey may on and after November 29, 1999, contract directly with individuals or indirectly with institutions or nonprofit organizations, without regard to section 6101 of title 41, for the temporary or intermittent services of students or recent graduates, who shall be considered employees for the purposes of chapters 57 and 81 of title 5, relating to compensation for travel and work injuries, and chapter 171 of title 28, relating to tort claims, but shall not be considered to be Federal employees for any other purposes.
(Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–146.)
In text, "section 6101 of title 41" substituted for "41 U.S.C. 5" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–243.