Introduction to the Historical Tables

Section 1 - Overview of Federal Government Finances

Table 1.1 - Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–): 1789–2025

Table 1.2 - Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) as Percentages of GDP...

Table 1.3 - Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Current Dollars...

Table 1.4 - Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) by Fund Group: 1934–2025

Section 2 - Composition of Federal Government Receipts

Table 2.1 - Receipts by Source: 1934–2025

Table 2.2 - Percentage Composition of Receipts by Source: 1934–2025

Table 2.3 - Receipts by Source as Percentages of GDP: 1934–2025

Table 2.4 - Composition of Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts and of Excise Taxes: 1940–2025

Table 2.5 - Composition of "Other Receipts": 1940–2025

Section 3 - Federal Government Outlays by Function

Table 3.1 - Outlays by Superfunction and Function: 1940–2025

Table 3.2 - Outlays by Function and Subfunction: 1962–2025

Section 4 - Federal Government Outlays by Agency

Table 4.1 - Outlays by Agency: 1962–2025

Table 4.2 - Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Agency: 1962–2025

Section 5 - Budget Authority by Agency and by Subfunction

Table 5.1 - Budget Authority by Function and Subfunction: 1976–2025

Table 5.2 - Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2025

Table 5.3 - Percentage Distribution of Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2025

Table 5.4 - Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2025

Table 5.5 - Percentage Distribution of Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2025

Table 5.6 - Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs: 1976–2025

Section 6 - Composition of Federal Government Outlays

Table 6.1 - Composition of Outlays: 1940–2025

Section 7 - Federal Debt

Table 7.1 - Federal Debt at the End of Year: 1940–2025

Table 7.2 - Debt Subject to Statutory Limit: 1940–2025

Table 7.3 - Statutory Limits on Federal Debt: 1940–Current

Section 8 - Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category and Budget Authority for Discretionary...

Table 8.1 - Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2025

Table 8.2 - Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars: 1962–2025

Table 8.3 - Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2025

Table 8.4 - Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category as Percentages of GDP: 1962–2025

Table 8.5 - Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs: 1962–2025

Table 8.6 - Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars: 1962–2025

Table 8.7 - Outlays for Discretionary Programs: 1962–2025

Table 8.8 - Outlays for Discretionary Programs in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars: 1962–2025

Section 9 - Federal Government Outlays for Major Public Physical Capital, Research and...

Table 9.1 - Total Investment Outlays for Major Public Physical Capital, Research and Development...

Table 9.2 - Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Current and Constant (FY 2012...

Table 9.3 - Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Percentage Terms: 1940–2021

Table 9.4 - National Defense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–2021

Table 9.5 - Nondefense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–2021

Table 9.6 - Composition of Outlays for Grants for Major Public Physical Capital Investment: 1941...

Table 9.7 - Summary of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–2021

Table 9.8 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–2021

Table 9.9 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Education and Training: 1962–2021

Section 10 - Gross Domestic Product and Implicit Outlay Deflators

Table 10.1 - Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2025

Section 11 - Federal Government Payments for Individuals

Table 11.1 - Summary Comparison of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2025

Table 11.2 - Functional Composition of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2025

Table 11.3 - Outlays for Payments for Individuals by Category and Major Program: 1940–2025

Section 12 - Federal Grants To State and Local Governments

Table 12.1 - Summary Comparison of Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments: 1940...

Table 12.2 - Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments by Function and Fund Group...

Table 12.3 - Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments by Function, Agency, and...

Section 13 - Social Security and Medicare

Table 13.1 - Cash Income, Outgo, and Balances of the Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds...

Section 14 - Total (Federal and State and Local) Government Finances

Table 14.1 - Total Government Receipts in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of GDP: 1948–2019

Table 14.2 - Total Government Expenditures: 1948–2019

Table 14.3 - Total Government Expenditures as Percentages of GDP: 1948–2019

Table 14.4 - Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure: 1948–2019

Table 14.5 - Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure as Percentages of GDP...

Table 14.6 - Total Government Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of...

Section 15 - Federal Health Spending

Table 15.1 - Outlays for Health Programs: 1962–2025

Section 16 - Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent Employment

Table 16.1 - Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees: 1981–2021

Table 16.2 - Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees: 1981–2021 as...